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  • Organic Chemistry  (68,964)
  • Chemical Engineering  (17,982)
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  • 1
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Propulsion systems play an important role in civil and military applications. New designs, new materials, and new technologies have already been applied to propulsion systems to improve power and decrease energy consumption. This book focuses on the recent progress in propulsion system development for different applications in fields such as aerospace and marine industries, as well as for high-speed trains and other vehicles.
    Keywords: noise ; fusion ; fission ; engine ; monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint aims to identify critical areas of water quality assessment, modeling, and mitigation in freshwater bodies, wastewater treatment, and groundwater aquifers, which require special attention. This links the volume to multiple regulatory options, including policy and governance measures, alternative ecosystem service dependence options (i.e., nature-based solutions), or mechanisms that link regions to international processes, like measures proposed under the Environmental Protection guidelines. The reprint will pay special attention to water quality assessment, modeling, and mitigation.
    Keywords: pumping station pipeline ; chaotic characteristic ; IVMD ; vibration response ; correlation dimension ; Lyapunov exponent ; monitoring ; mitigations ; spatial and temporal variabilities ; principal component analysis ; cluster analysis ; discriminant analysis ; water quality ; pollution ; correlation ; settlement ; damage evolution ; seepage/stress-damage method ; data monitoring ; groundwater ; heavy metals ; physicochemical parameters ; in-situ ; machine learning ; geostatistical analysis ; nanofiltration ; electrocoagulation ; nickel ; zinc ; copper ; water pollution ; adsorption ; copper ions ; adsorption mechanism ; adsorption kinetics ; thermodynamics ; expanded S-curve model ; domestic water usage ; economic development ; mathematical model ; Sentinel-2 ; chlorophyll ; turbidity ; lake ; concentration modeling of contaminants ; Cuernavaca aquifer ; hydrochemistry ; water quality index ; time series analysis ; spatial analysis ; water intensity ; LMDI model ; Tapio model ; technical effect ; industrial structure effect ; regional scale effect ; tannery effluent ; ozonation ; optimization ; turbidity removal ; Taguchi ; ecosystem services ; provisioning ecosystem services ; regulating ecosystem services ; cultural ecosystem services ; supporting ecosystem services ; modeling ; water quality indexing ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Con sus 220 km2 la región geográfica de Bahía de Nipe es el mayor acuatorio en su tipo en Cuba, donde se encuentran representaciones de diversos ecosistemas a lo largo de sus costas. Los asentamientos humanos y sus múltiples actividades productivas de importancia y magnitud, le dan a esta bahía relevancia como recurso natural que sustenta usos estratégicos para el país.
    Description: Other
    Keywords: Contaminación ; Metales pesados ; Fuentes contaminantes ; Pesquerías ; Pollution ; Heavy metals ; Plaguicides ; Fisheries ; Plaguicidas ; Sources pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-01-11
    Description: The 60–80s of the last century were the period of the most rapid development of commercial oceanology in the Azov and Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (AzCherNIRO, further renamed YugNIRO). In addition to the monitoring of oceanographic processes, it was involved in the areas of general marine ecology, monitoring of marine pollution, and space oceanology. Oceanographic information is used in forecasting the state of aquatic ecosystems at various timescales and is crucial for fishing forecasts. In 1981, a satellite data reception center was established in AzCherNIRO. In the 80–90s, in YugNIRO, an optimal procedure was created for multidimensional predictive monitoring of the state of the Black Sea ecosystem. In September 1986, within the Laboratory of Commercial Oceanology of the Black Sea, a group for the conservation of marine ecosystems was created, which turned into a sector in January 1989, and into a separate laboratory in December 1996. Its reasearchers carried out multidisciplinary environmental studies, investigating the ecological status of the aquatic areas affected by the facilities of the marine industry during their operation, monitoring the level of soil contamination, and excercising the toxicological control of fish and fish products. YugNIRO oceanological studies conducted in the World Ocean from the early 1970s to the early 1990s made it possible to link the productivity and catches of exploitable species to the atmospheric circulation, changes in the climatic fields of currents, as well as to the geo- and heliophysical factors, which enabled the fishing predictions with a one-year lead time or more for the fishing areas of the Central, Southeastern and Southwestern Indian Ocean, the Patagonian Shelf, and the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica. In the 70–90s and early 2000s, YugNIRO conducted marine geological studies facilitating fishing operations and environmental protection in the Gulf of Aden, on the bottom elevations of the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Ocean, in the Antarctic Shelf area, and in the Black and Azov Seas. This article lays down the current major goals and prospects of commercial oceanology.
    Description: 60–80-е годы прошедшего столетия были в АзЧерНИРО (ЮгНИРО) периодом наиболее активного развития промысловой океанологии. Кроме мониторинга океанографических процессов она начала внедряться в сферы общей экологии моря, мониторинга загрязнения моря, космической океанологии. Океанографическая информация используется при разработке прогнозов состояния водных экосистем различной заблаговременности и является неотъемлемой составляющей рыбопромысловых прогнозов. В 1981 г. в АзЧерНИРО был создан центр приема спутниковой информации. В 1980–1990-х гг. в ЮгНИРО была создана оптимальная для Черного моря схема комплексного прогностического мониторинга состояния его экосистемы. В сентябре 1986 г. в составе лаборатории промысловой океанологии Черного моря была создана группа, в январе 1989 г. — сектор, в декабре 1996 г. — лаборатория охраны морских экосистем. Сотрудниками лаборатории проводились комплексные экологические исследования состояния акваторий предприятий морехозяйственого комплекса в условиях их производственной деятельности, контроль уровня загрязненности почв, токсикологический контроль рыбы и рыбопродукции. Океанологические исследования ЮгНИРО, проводимые в Мировом океане с начала 1970-х до начала 1990-х гг., позволили получить систему связей урожайности и вылова промысловых объектов с особенностями атмосферной циркуляции, изменениями макромасштабных полей течений, гео- и гелиофизическими факторам для прогноза промысловых характеристик с заблаговременностью год и более в промысловых районах центральной, юго-восточной и юго-западной частей Индийского океана, в районе Патагонского шельфа, в индоокеанском секторе Антарктики. Выполнение морских геологических работ в рыбопромысловых и природоохранных целях проводилось ЮгНИРО в 1970–1990-х и в начале 2000-х гг. в Аденском заливе, на поднятиях тропической и субтропической частей Индийского океана, на шельфе Антарктиды, в Черном и Азовском морях. В статье формулируются основные современные цели и пути развития промысловой океанологии.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Commercial oceanography ; Marine geology ; Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; Промысловая океанография ; Морская геология ; Экосистемы ; АзЧерНИРО ; ЮгНИРО ; Промысловые прогнозы ; Океанографическая информация ; Океанологические исследования ; YugNIRO ; AzCherNIRO ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery oceanography ; ASFA_2015::F::Forecasting ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery institutions ; ASFA_2015::M::Monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.159-169
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: La producción de ostión en Cuba aumenta hacia el este, y los máximos de abundancia y captura se presentan en la zona costera cercana a la cuenca del río Cauto, en la región correspondiente al municipio Manzanillo, provincia de Granma. En esta región habitan el ostión de mangle antillano (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), y el ostión americano (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791). Aunque la tendencia histórica ha sido al incremento, posterior a 2013 (853 t) la producción promedio anual disminuye a 307 t. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado actual del recurso ostión y su aprovechamiento industrial en la región del golfo de Guacanayabo, en relación a la situación ambiental de sus hábitats. Se realizó un diagnóstico de la pesquería de ostión y de la gestión ambiental de la pesca extractiva para determinar impactos ecosistémicos. Se identificaron como principales factores de impacto negativo, que inciden sobre las poblaciones de ostión y sus hábitats, el incumplimiento del periodo de veda, el manejo inadecuado de la pesca extractiva, y eventos de contaminación, que afectan los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos del manglar y reducen las poblaciones de ostión. Se propone la ostricultura artesanal como alternativa pesquera sostenible y se proyectó un plan de producción de ostión para 2023-2030. Se estimó que a calidad ambiental de la región donde se desarrollan las especies de interés es adecuada para su desarrollo.
    Description: Oyster production in Cuba increases to the east, and the maximum abundance and catch occur in the coastal zone near the Cauto river basin, in the region corresponding to the Manzanillo municipality, Granma province. The West Indian mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), and the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791) inhabit this region. Although the historical trend has been to increase, after 2013 (853 t) the average annual production decreases to 307 t. The objective of this research was to evaluate the current state of the oyster resource and its industrial use in the region of the Guacanayabo Gulf, in relation to the environmental situation of its habitats. A diagnosis of the oyster fishery and the environmental management of extractive fishing was carried out to determine ecosystem impacts. The main factors of negative impact, which affect oyster populations and their habitats, were identified as non-compliance with the closed season, inadequate management of extractive fishing, and pollution events, which affect the goods and ecosystem services of the mangrove and reduce oyster populations. Artisanal oyster farming is proposed as a sustainable fishing alternative and an oyster production plan was projected for 2023-2030. It is estimated that the environmental quality of the region where the species of interest develop is adequate for their development.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Golfo de Guacanayabo ; Gestión ambiental ; Pesquería ; Ostricultura ; Gulf of Guacanayabo ; Environmental management ; Fisheries ; Ostrich farming
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: Seismic hazard assessment is particularly relevant in case of unrest of quiescent volcanoes. The case of the sudden unrest of Vulcano, Italy, in September 2021 is an example of this, due to its potential threat of phreatic explosions 131 years after the end of its last Vulcanian eruption. The geophysical (e.g., seismic activity, ground deformation) and geochemical parameters (gas composition and temperature of fumaroles) abruptly increased and remained high for several months, forcing Italian authorities to evacuate some families from areas with high values of CO2. Despite the decades-long monitoring of the Vulcano Island, it was difficult to gather information concerning old geophysical and geochemical data, as most of them were in analog format and/or dispersed in old repositories. In this light, we have reviewed available seismic data since 1985, when another unrest occurred. Our data collection focused on identifying the main characteristics of the seismic activity on and around the island, reducing uncertainties for the assessment of future seismic scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: Lacco Ameno, Ischia Island (Italy)
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Keywords: seismic activity ; monitoring ; Vulcano ; long-term analysis ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: In mid-September 2021 there was a rapid increase in geophysical and geochemical parameters on the island of Vulcano, Italy, reaching alarming values. This phase of unrest aroused serious concern among Civil Protection, local authorities and the scientific community due to the risk of phreatomagmatic activity, with potentially serious repercussions on the inhabitants of the island and on visiting tourists. The beginning of the unrest was marked by a high occurrence rate of local micro-seismicity related to fluid dynamics within the shallower hydrothermal system (mainly Long Period and Very Long Period events); Volcano-Tectonic (VT) earthquakes increased in late October after most of the monitored parameters reached their climax. Afterwards, major episodes of VT activity were also recorded from March to April and at the end of the year 2022, when an earthquake of ML 4.6 occurred on December 4, SW of the island of Vulcano. Here, we analyze the VT earthquakes from January 2020 to December 2022, in terms of space-time distribution, energy release and focal mechanisms in the framework of the regional geodynamic context and in the light of the main characteristics of the seismic activity recorded in the Vulcano area over the past 36 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, California, USA
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Keywords: earthquakes ; monitoring ; volcano unrest ; Vulcano ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-06-10
    Description: This draft White Paper has been prepared as part of the Vision 2030 process of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (hereafter, Ocean Decade). The Vision 2030 process aims to identify tangible measures of success for each of the ten Ocean Decade Challenges by 2030. From a starting point of existing initiatives underway in the Ocean Decade and beyond, and through a lens of priority user needs, the process determines critical gaps in science and knowledge, needs for capacity development, priority datasets, infrastructure, and technology for each Challenge. Focusing investments in science and knowledge to address these needs will help ensure progress towards meeting each critical Challenge by the end of the Ocean Decade in 2030. The results of the process will contribute to the scoping of future Decade Actions, identification of resource mobilisation priorities, and ensure relevance of the Challenges over time. This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers, all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group and discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference. A synthesis report, authored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO/IOC), will accompany the White Papers. With a substantial portion of people depending on the ocean as a primary source of nutrition and livelihood, a significant challenge comes into focus: How can we ensure that the ocean's resources continue to effectively nourish an expanding global population? The Ocean Decade responds to this critical concern through its Challenge 3: “Sustainably nourish the global population”.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Food ; Agriculture ; Sustainable economy ; Fisheries ; World population ; Ocean economy ; Nutrition ; Aquatic foods ; Aquaculture ; Sustainable production ; Forward look ; Vision paper
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 33pp.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multilake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101988
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Erosion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This volume examines the linguistic dimension of vigilance in different contexts. The focus is on the social potentials, normative and regulative effects of languages as well as their use for marking dangers and orienting attention. This shows that language can be both an object and an instrument of vigilance and can itself become a medium of reflection of vigilance.
    Keywords: vigilance ; monitoring ; mindfulness ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTD Semiotics / semiology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English , German
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Considering the worldwide problem of aquatic pollution, we proposed this reprint, which presents a collection of articles on different aspects of environmental pollution, from monitoring to the evaluation of toxicity. In particular, the volume concerns the issues specifically related to emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, such as plastics and pharmaceuticals. However, to confer to this volume a more holistic view, some articles on priority pollutants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are also reported.
    Keywords: aquatic ecosystems ; pollution ; monitoring ; toxic effects ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The aim of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is to reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere and to mitigate its effects on climate change. Over the years, naturally occurring CO2 sources have been utilized in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in the United States. This has presented an opportunity to supplement and gradually replace the high demand for natural CO2 sources with anthropogenic sources. There also exist incentives for operators to become involved in the storage of anthropogenic CO2 within partially depleted reservoirs, in addition to the incremental production oil revenues. These incentives include a wider availability of anthropogenic sources, the reduction of emissions to meet regulatory requirements, tax incentives in some jurisdictions, and favorable public relations. The United States Department of Energy has sponsored several Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) through its Carbon Storage program which have conducted field demonstrations for both EOR and saline aquifer storage. Various research efforts have been made in the area of reservoir characterization, monitoring, verification and accounting, simulation, and risk assessment to ascertain long-term storage potential within the subject storage complex. This book is a collection of lessons learned through the RCSP program within the Southwest Region of the United States. The scope of the book includes site characterization, storage modeling, monitoring verification reporting (MRV), risk assessment and international case studies.
    Keywords: geologic CO2 sequestration ; CO2 and brine leakage ; underground source of drinking water ; risk assessment ; response surface methodology ; early detection criteria ; multi-objective optimization ; CO2-WAG ; machine learning ; numerical modeling ; hybrid workflows ; morrow ; Farnsworth ; Anadarko ; incised valley ; geological carbon sequestration ; reactive surface area ; mineral trapping ; enhanced oil recovery with CO2 (CO2-EOR) ; geochemical reactions ; workflow ; workshop ; process influence diagram ; response surface model ; polynomial chaos expansion ; NRAP ; relative permeability ; geologic carbon storage ; multi-phase flow simulation ; life cycle analysis ; CO2-enhanced oil recovery ; anthropogenic CO2 ; global warming potential ; greenhouse gas (GHG) ; carbon storage ; CO2-EOR ; CO2 sequestration ; geomechanics ; reservoir fluid flow modelling ; tightness of caprock ; CO2 leakage ; threshold pressure ; reactive solute transport ; multi-phase fluid flow ; Farnsworth Unit ; STOMP ; GEM ; TOUGHREACT ; 4D ; time lapse ; CO2 ; EOR ; WAG ; sequestration ; monitoring ; carbon sequestration ; caprock integrity ; noble gas migration ; seal by-pass ; carbon dioxide storage ; storage efficiency factor ; probabilistic ; expectation curve ; Monte Carlo ; Farnsworth Field ; petroleum system modeling ; CO2 migration ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The reliability of high-voltage equipment is critical to the safe operation of the power grid. This reprint focuses on the new developments and advances in both fundamental and applied research on the testing, monitoring, and diagnostics of high-voltage equipment, including insulators, transformers, etc.
    Keywords: HV bushing ; dielectric response ; paper–oil insulation ; temperature distribution ; distribution transformers ; failure analysis ; monitoring ; diagnostic method ; frequency response ; open and short-circuit response ; hydro-generators ; partial discharges ; PD Spectral Pulse Counting Map (PD-SPCM) ; microstrip antenna ; UHF method ; Frequency Resolved Partial Discharges (FRPD) ; AC breakdown characteristics ; arresters ; lightning protection insulator ; electric field calculation ; icing conditions ; cable insulation ; contact surface ; dielectric breakdown ; electrical breakdown ; polymeric insulation ; solid–solid interface ; surface roughness ; insulator ; deicing ; hot water jet ; numerical calculation ; temperature spatial distribution ; pollution insulators ; nonsoluble deposit density ; flashover characteristics ; arc parameters ; high voltage apparatus ; deep learning ; classification ; localization ; partial discharge ; faults ; outdoor insulators ; railway electrification system ; outdoor porcelain insulators ; low-frequency flashover AC voltage ; lightning impulse critical-flashover voltage ; icing ; anti-icing ; de-icing transmission lines ; ice-melting ; icing disaster ; diameter-expanded conductor ; current transferred ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: “Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering” is a comprehensive, edited Special Issue that explores the latest advances in the application of soft computing and machine learning techniques to dam engineering. This reprint covers a range of topics, including dam design, construction, monitoring, and maintenance, and provides readers with a deep understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical applications of these techniques.Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, the reprint presents a collection of 11 papers that offer insights into state-of-the-art approaches in dam engineering. The chapters cover topics such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines, and provide practical examples of how these techniques can be applied to solve real-world dam engineering problems.Whether you are a researcher, engineer, or student in the field of dam engineering, “Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering” provides a valuable resource for staying up-to-date with the latest techniques and approaches in the field.
    Keywords: dams ; Polynomial Chaos Expansion ; random fields ; random forest ; vibration analysis ; gravity dams ; safety assessment ; probabilistic analysis ; parameter uncertainty ; sample optimization ; variance-based sensitivity analysis ; sensitivity analysis ; polynomial chaos expansion ; uncertainty ; deep neural networks ; rockfill dams ; anomaly detection ; machine learning ; support vector machines ; one-class classification ; concrete dam ; machine learning methods ; structural behaviour ; model validation ; ice loads ; concrete dams ; back-calculation ; dam safety ; monitoring ; arch dams ; seismic safety ; endurance time analysis ; non-linear seismic analysis ; concrete damage model ; tensile and compressive damage ; design variable ; finite element ; feasibility design ; surrogate ; AutoML ; roller compacted concrete (RCC) ; risk-informed design ; Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) ; non-linear structural analysis ; multilayer perceptron neural network model ; structural health monitoring ; threshold definition ; moving average of the residuals ; moving standard deviation of the residuals ; DBSCAN ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The correct management of territory and its planning based on scientific criteria in the face of the anthropogenic impacts of human activities is one of the main challenges in the 21st century. This publication includes some of the latest advancements in environmental planning and spatial analysis related to the ecological management of territory from a multidisciplinary perspective. The research papers from different researchers, scholars and experts in this field included in this collection were published by the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health after undergoing a rigorous anonymous peer review process.
    Keywords: shrinking cities ; environmental planning ; territorial sustainability ; analytic hierarchy process ; decision-support systems ; ecological restoration ; dissipative structure ; entropy change ; urbanization ; water resource security ; improved coupling coordination model ; obstacle degree model ; Beijing ; ecological footprint ; ecological capacity ; ecological security ; STIRPAT model ; Hulunbeir grassland ; 2030 Agenda ; strategic planning ; quality criteria ; tailing bricks ; copper mine tailings ; mine tailing stabilization ; mining environmental liabilities ; natural green space accessibility ; public green space ; ANGSt method ; spatial policy ; agriculture green technology diffusion ; stakeholders ; social network analysis ; barriers ; ecological security pattern ; SLEUTH model ; urban growth simulation ; climate change ; environmental impact ; willingness to pay ; virtual reality ; economic complexity indicator (ECI) ; energy consumption ; sustainable environment ; Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) ; Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) ; ammonium ; nitrate ; migration of nitrogen forms ; fertilization ; land ; natural capital utilization ; economic growth ; decoupling analysis ; decomposition ; student campus ; post-COVID-19 higher education ; socio-ecological system ; environmental policy ; green university ; environment-related routine ; water consumption ; plastic consumption ; paper consumption ; population–resource management framework ; vulnerability assessment ; two-stage dynamic fuzzy programming with Hurwicz criterion ; policy scenario analysis ; SUMP ; urban mobility ; city planning ; hybrid methodology ; multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods ; SIMUS ; weighted sum method (WSM) ; environmental uncertainty ; information transparency ; enterprise technology innovation ; government subsidies ; accessibility ; environmental equity ; legislation ; people with disabilities ; public use ; good governance ; intersectionality ; stewardship ; population ; monitoring ; coastal erosion ; integrated coastal zone management ; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The recovery of solid waste is a challenge and an opportunity for companies, thanks to the ongoing awareness of sustainability and technological advances. The end-of-waste criteria constitute a European strategic goal that promotes recycling in order to ensure a high level of environmental protection by means of reducing the quantity of waste destined for disposal. This Special Issue promotes the knowledge regarding technological methods for solid waste recovery. Articles investigate innovative processing methods with the goal of valorizing solid waste from different civil and industrial activities. Topics includes studies on construction and building, mining, plastics, and WEEE, referring to the treatment techniques used and, where appropriate, the critical raw materials that can be valorized. The recovery processes of critical raw materials can be very energy-intensive, affecting environmental and soil factors. Case studies on sustainable, low-carbon and resource-efficient techniques for the purpose of a more competitive economy were also very welcomed. The environmental impact and safety measures, especially for dangerous waste, should be taken into account in the description of their processing and management.
    Keywords: cathode ray tube ; lead recovery ; lead leaching and electrodeposition ; environmental assessment ; phosphate cements ; calcined dolomite ; quartz sand ; calcined magnesite ; temperature ; K-struvite ; industrial waste ; chromium ; high-performance concrete ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; fibers ; mechanical strength ; alkali-activated cement ; geopolymers ; building materials ; PET ; compressive strength ; water absorption ; WPCBs dismantling ; metals dissolution ; copper recovery ; economic assessment ; process modeling and simulation ; low-temperature processing ; WEEE (waste of electric and electronic equipment) recycling ; materials separation ; process characterization ; SEM/EDS ; torrefaction ; solid fuel ; waste to carbon ; circular economy ; biodegradable materials ; calorific value ; methane fermentation ; biogas ; biomethane ; biochar ; pyrolysis ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biochemical methane potential ; biogas production kinetics ; industrial wastes ; arc furnace slag ; ceramic sludge ; β-wollastonite ; parawollastonite ; porous ceramics ; waste management ; sustainability development ; apple pomace ; active compounds ; extraction ; renewable energy ; anticorrosion agents ; biopolymers ; PCB ; recycling ; metal recovery ; mechanical pre-treatment ; production waste ; rock wool ; glass wool ; loss on ignition ; pollutants washout ; geopolymer ; waste slurry ; flocculation ; solidification ; pipe jacking ; air flow rate ; composting ; municipal solid waste ; monitoring ; optimization ; spatial distributions ; crystallization ; glass–ceramics ; diopside ; anorthite ; by-pass cement ; aluminum dross ; thermodynamic analysis ; kinetics ; hemp stalk ; bio-insulating material ; sustainability ; sound absorbing properties ; thermal absorption properties ; green composite material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The bioeconomy—using renewable bio-resources from the soil and sea to produce food, materials and energy—supports the achievement of sustainable development goals. Its scope is very broad as it involves primary production sectors (agriculture) and sectors that use these resources (manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco). This Special Issue, “Prospects and Challenges of Bioeconomy Sustainability Assessment”, includes an Editorial, thirteen articles, ten reviews and one perspective with international authors. All papers are highly innovative and support the goals of a sustainable world.
    Keywords: AHP ; bioeconomy ; biomethane ; energy community ; Italy ; point scale ; stakeholders’ engagement ; sustainability ; agrarian extractivism ; cheap food ; food regime ; Latin America ; social-ecological transformation ; soy ; environmental awareness ; behavior change ; SWOT analysis ; qualitative analysis ; education for sustainable development ; green movement ; environmentalism ; environmental science ; environmental education ; communication ; stakeholders ; reporting ; bibliometric review ; sustainability reporting ; sustainability performance ; indicators ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; policy implications ; Sustainable Development Goals ; carbon capture and storage ; aqueous bases ; reactor design ; chemical absorption ; FTIR ; absorption capacity ; in-line measurements ; 3D-printed reactors ; digital innovation hub ; value proposition canvas ; ecosystem sustainability ; digital transformation ; model-based design ; cyber-physical system ; collaboration platform ; microbial bioremediation ; cost of bioremediation ; bioremediation industry ; COD solubilization ; chemo sonic pretreatment ; biohydrogen ; specific energy ; biomass ; biotechnology ; agro-ecology ; territorial development ; cluster analysis ; bioplastic ; lactic acid ; PLA ; poly(lactic acid) ; cellulose ; lignocellulose ; cow manure ; circular economy ; bioeconomy education ; bioeconomy learning ; higher education ; vocational education and training ; n/a ; interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; distance measure ; closeness coefficient ; barriers ; MADA ; biofuel sector ; sustainable agriculture ; multi-criteria decision making ; TOPSIS ; social LCA ; life-cycle costing ; bioenergy ; biorefinery ; industry 4.0 ; agri-food supply chain ; agri-food 4.0 supply chain ; agri-food 4.0 ; supply chain 4.0 ; food waste management ; water management ; agriculture 4.0 ; LAC region ; bibliometric analysis ; biofuels ; R software ; sustainable supply chain management ; sustainable development ; social responsibility ; environmental issues ; water quality ; pollutant ; surface water ; monitoring ; Pakistan ; drinking water ; 2030 Agenda ; natural resources ; participation ; microorganisms ; energy ; biocatalysis ; biotransformation ; industrial applications ; circular bioeconomy ; greenhouse gas ; biomass production ; second-generation bio-fuels ; environment ; climate change ; pigs ; soya bean ; grass ; protein ; biogas ; lignin ; straw ; heating ; NaOH ; pretreatment ; sustainalist ; sustainable revolution ; SDG ; quality of life ; sustainalism ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Considering the worldwide problem of aquatic pollution, we proposed this reprint, which presents a collection of articles on different aspects of environmental pollution, from monitoring to the evaluation of toxicity. In particular, the volume concerns the issues specifically related to emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, such as plastics and pharmaceuticals. However, to confer to this volume a more holistic view, some articles on priority pollutants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are also reported.
    Keywords: aquatic ecosystems ; pollution ; monitoring ; toxic effects ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Mangrove forests are in constant flux due to both natural and anthropogenic forces. The changing mangroves will have significant consequences to coastal communities. Observation and monitoring of the distribution and dynamics of mangroves is central to a wide range of scientific investigations conducted in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Recent advancements in remote sensing data availability, image-processing methodologies, computing and information technology, and human resource development have provided an opportunity to observe and monitor mangroves from local to global scales on a regular basis. The spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution of remote sensing data and their availability have improved, making it possible to observe and monitor mangroves with unprecedented spatial thematic and temporal details. This journal Remote Sensing Special Issue reprint dedicated to the observation and monitoring of mangroves using remote sensing from local to global scales. The Issue broadly covers the application of remote sensing using optical (multi-spectral and hyperspectral), radar, and Lidar data obtained from multiple platforms including ground, air, and space. The research papers published use the latest techniques to acquire, manage, exploit, process, and analyze a wide variety of remote sensing data for mangrove forest applications. Both research papers and innovative review papers are included.
    Keywords: mangrove ; natural recovery ; artificial neural network ; Sentinel-2 ; transfer learning ; change detection ; coastal region ; remote sensing ; fragmentation ; productivity ; land cover change ; mangrove ecosystem ; random forest (RF) ; Google Earth Engine (GEE) ; Sentinel ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; optical ; aerial roots ; global sensitivity analysis ; PAWN ; canopy reflectance model ; vegetation index (VI) ; mangroves ; Landsat ; mangrove forests ; time series ; Google Earth Engine ; random forests ; phenology ; TIMESAT ; climate ; monitoring ; Great Barrier Reef ; Hainan Island ; CLUE-S ; spatio-temporal simulation ; future change trends ; mangrove species ; spectrometer ; spectral reflectance ; WorldView-2 ; dendrogram ; extent ; mapping ; sentinel-2 ; global mangrove watch ; remote sensing-based monitoring ; plantation ; restoration ; dieback ; Bay of Bengal ; Red River Delta ; Vietnam ; vegetation index ; mangrove index ; mangrove forest ; mangrove above ground ; biomass ; carbon sink ; bibliometric analysis ; Sembilang National Park (Indonesia) ; machine learning ; satellites images ; geoprocessing ; rehabilitation program of mangroves ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Air pollution and the changing climate are some of the greatest threats to the health and functioning of forest ecosystems, strongly jeopardizing their ecological and economic functions as well as services. The impact of increasing temperatures and extreme weather events (droughts, storms, temperature and precipitation extremes) on the vitality of forest trees is often difficult to separate from the impact of pollution, such as nitrogen deposition and tropospheric ozone, as they can exhibit synergistic effects. The use of indicators is elementary in modern forest ecophysiological research, as they help us to disentangle complex interactions between trees and various stress-inducing factors as well as better estimate the level of damage to trees and forest ecosystems.Eleven papers are included in this Special Issue, with wide-ranging topics from various disciplines but centered around tree responses to environmental stress. The task of this Special Issue is twofold: one, to remind us that a better understanding of the physiological processes influencing tree vitality under the changing climate and air pollution pressures requires considerable research efforts and constant advancements in research methods and approaches; two, to highlight the fact that the environmental pressures instigating the use of tree stress response indicators are more present than ever, and will likely continue to affect tree vitality in the foreseeable future.
    Keywords: defoliation ; monitoring ; tree vitality ; drought ; climate change ; forest decline ; extreme climate events ; tree mortality ; climate response ; radial increment ; dendrochronology ; Fagaceae ; osmolytes ; antioxidant ; phytohormones ; trade-off mechanisms ; stress marker ; oxidative stress ; tropospheric ozone ; leaf symptoms ; PODy ; water stress ; risk assessment ; climate–growth relationship ; climate signal ; tree-ring width ; basal area increment ; blue intensity ; daily climatic data ; cadmium ; nickel ; phytoremediation ; plant hormones ; polyamines ; poplar ; Populus deltoides ; antioxidative enzymes ; chlorophyll ; defoliated trees ; hydrogen peroxide ; lipid peroxidation ; nutrient concentration ; Pinus spp. ; Quercus spp. ; undefoliated trees ; pine ; BAI ; isotopes ; iWUE ; water and thermal stress ; SPEI ; Poland ; foliar composition ; stoichiometry ; ICP Forests ; tree decline ; Quercus brantii ; cellular characteristics ; calcium oxalate crystals ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The present reprint contains the 11 papers that were accepted and published in the Special Issue “Applied and Computational Mathematics for Digital Environments” of the MDPI Mathematics journal. The topics of interest include, among others, scientific research, applied tasks, and problems in the following areas: The construction of mathematical and information models of intelligent computer systems for monitoring and controlling the parameters of digital environments; The development of intelligent optimization algorithms that search for optimal parameter values of mathematical and information models in digital environments; Software and mathematical technologies in the implementation of intelligent monitoring and computer control of the parameters of digital environments; The development and application of mathematical and information models, machine learning methods, and artificial intelligence for the analysis and processing of big data in digital environments. I hope that this reprint will be useful to those who are interested in the real-world applications of applied and computational mathematics for digital environments in terms of solving actual, practical problems in all spheres of human life and activity.
    Keywords: mathematical model for evaluating the effectiveness of integrating information technology ; digital platforms ; virtual simulation infrastructures ; experimental virtual environment ; statistics ; multiscale analysis ; data analysis ; system on chip ; increasing traffic capacity ; percolation threshold ; transport link density ; transport network ; density of transport links ; computer algebra system ; wxMaxima ; Calculus ; symbolic computation ; mobile agents ; timeouts ; knowledge as set of trees ; behavioural equivalences ; nonlinear dynamics ; processes in social systems ; Fokker-Planck equation ; power law ; monitoring ; management ; image segmentation ; complex numbers ; CNN classifier ; outdoor environments ; relaxation subgradient methods ; space dilation ; nonsmooth minimization methods ; machine learning algorithm ; control synthesis ; optimal control ; stabilization ; symbolic regression ; machine learning ; evolutionary algorithm ; mobile robot ; problem decomposition ; large-scale global optimization ; self-adaptive differential evolution ; memetic algorithm ; cooperative co-evolution ; decision-making ; oncological disease ; kNN classifier ; SVM classifier ; dataset ; features ; UMAP algorithm ; entropy ; fractal dimension ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis is crucial for diagnosis as well as monitoring and predicting disease activity. Comprehensive MR measurements including assessment of brain and spinal cord volume changes have the potential to improve patient monitoring, allow earlier detection of subclinical disease activity, and identify patients with depleted brain reserve who are at highest risk of disability progression. Cerebral atrophy measurements are now a secondary outcome of many clinical trials, although their wider use in routine clinical practice is still hampered by some technical limitations. However, evidence from clinical practice shows that assessment of brain and spinal cord volume change is feasible and has the potential to improve patient treatment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: multiple sclerosis ; brain atrophy ; diagnosis ; measurements ; disease ; monitoring ; magnetic resonance ; cerebral atrophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Materials processing is the first, and a key, step in proper utilization of the composition of a given material and to realize the microstructural features that are intended to attain desired property levels for a given application. Both primary and secondary processing methods are equally important in tailoring the end properties of materials. In view of the crucial importance of the processing of materials, this Special Issue is intending to cover all innovative aspects of primary processing (solid phase, liquid phase, two phase, 3D printing, rapid solidification, etc.) and secondary processing (such as variations in extrusion, forging, rolling, equichannel angular extrusion, etc.) of materials (polymers/metal/ceramic-based, including their composites). Desirable attributes expected for submission will be processing–microstructure–property interrelations.
    Keywords: electrical discharge machining ; vibroacoustic emission ; adaptive control ; monitoring ; discharge gap ; erosion products ; silver nanoparticles ; mulberry leaves extract ; CO2-assisted polymer compression ; numbering-up ; high productivity ; CO2 ; polymer ; porous material ; process improvement ; 1D magnetic photonic crystals ; multilayer film modeling ; modeling of Faraday rotation spectra ; MPC optimization ; exhaustive computation ; materials characterization ; nanoceramics ; coatings ; auxiliary electrode ; electrical conductivity ; oxides ; nitrides ; carbon particles ; oil medium ; additive technologies ; additive manufacturing ; FFF ; 3D printing ; nylon ; cryogenic machining ; review ; liquid nitrogen ; liquid carbon dioxide ; thermomechanical processing ; bobbin friction stir welding ; atomic force microscopy ; AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy ; dynamic recrystallization ; precipitation ; macroscopic self-standing architectures ; Ni-doped MnO2 ; Co-doped MnO2 ; propane oxidation ; mechanical properties ; 3D-printing ; compensation ; accuracy ; precision ; adsorption ; hydrotalcite ; thiophene/dibenzothiophene ; n-pentane ; desulfurization ; structural ceramic ; oxide ceramic ; EDM ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; electrode ; thin films ; white layer ; electro physics ; chemical reactions ; sublimation ; friction stir welding ; WC ; AA1100 aluminium plate ; weld contamination ; tunnel void ; kissing bond ; erosion ; tool wear ; ZnNix ; explosive deposition ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book brings together the latest research findings on the state of air pollution control and its impact on economic growth in different countries. The book has substantial content and rich discussion. It is suitable for students and researchers at different levels to learn the status of air pollution, governance policies and their effects, and the relationship between pollution control and economic growth in countries around the world.
    Keywords: haze pollution ; economic development quality ; environmental management ; PM2.5 concentration ; evolutionary game ; quadrilateral game ; air pollution ; pollution control policy ; PM2.5 ; spatiotemporal variation ; empirical orthogonal function ; continuous wavelet transform ; backward trajectory analysis ; joint governance region ; atrial fibrillation ; environmental factors ; binary logistic model ; sustainable development ; early warning ; design mobile laboratory campaign ; air pollution concentration ; population exposure to air pollutant ; air quality ; spatiotemporal characteristics ; urban land use ; coupled relationship ; Lanzhou City ; economic growth rate ; GDP per capita ; China ; digital economy ; industrial structure ; spatial spillover ; noise ; silence zone area ; GIS ; linear regression ; mechanical ventilation systems ; minimum ventilation level ; Korea housing ; CO2 concentration ; apartment ventilation ; construction industry ; sustainable development goals ; sustainable construction ; healthy living environment ; King Abdulaziz University ; GWR ; zero-carbon campus ; spatial heterogeneity ; O3 ; transmission pathways ; backward trajectory ; PSCF ; CWT ; global research trend ; SCI-Expanded database ; scientometrics ; halogenated gases ; climate change ; ozone depletion ; environmental regulations ; green technology innovation ; regional differences ; difference-in-differences ; urban form ; urbanization ; spatial autocorrelation ; sensitivity ; aerosols ; zero-out ; Iberian Peninsula ; carbon peak ; carbon neutrality ; export trade ; embodied carbon ; Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index ; random forests ; atmospheric circulation ; machine learning ; complex topography ; big-data intelligent system ; on-road vehicle emissions ; traffic monitoring ; hyperfine modelling ; real-time visualization ; decarbonization ; bituminous coal ; pollution source ; monitoring ; road traffic ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The ninth International Symposium Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurements Techniques was organized by CNR-IBE in collaboration with Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, and Natural History Museum of the Mediterranean and under the patronage of University of Florence, Accademia dei Lincei, Accademia dei Georgofili, Tuscany Region, The North Tyrrhenian Sea Ports System Authority, Livorno Municipality and Livorno Province. In the Symposium Scholars had illustrated their activities and exchanged innovative proposals, with common aims to promote actions to preserve coastal marine environment. Despite the COVID 19 pandemic, the success of this edition is attested by the 170 contributions selected by the Scientific Committee from among those received. Participation involved all the thematic lines envisaged by the sessions, involving many countries of the Mediterranean Sea. A big endeavor for a costal environment of paramount importance but threatened by global changes. The importance of this Proceedings is attested by the fact that this volume is the first issue of a new FUP Series.
    Keywords: coastal management ; coastal landscape ; interdisciplinary ; monitoring ; coastal evolution ; coastal ecosystem. ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness that can be prevented if detected and treated in the early stages of the disease. This reprint includes original research studies and reviews that focus on strategies to help identify and treat patients with glaucoma more effectively, improve their treatment adherence, review the potential impact of psychopharmacological therapy on intraocular pressure, and increase knowledge of potential treatment targets for neuroprotection.
    Keywords: glaucoma ; intraocular pressure ; antidepressant ; antipsychotic ; benzodiazepine ; topiramate ; SSRI ; SNRI ; telehealth ; screening ; monitoring ; retinal ganglion cells ; RNA-sequencing ; neuroprotection ; drug discovery ; selective laser trabeculoplasty ; topical steroid therapy ; primary open-angle glaucoma ; ocular hypertension ; outpatient clinic ; shared care ; allied health personnel ; collaborative care ; patient care ; virtual clinic ; virtual system ; user computer interface ; overhanging bleb ; higher-order aberrations ; trabeculectomy ; mitomycin C ; mcular pigment optical density ; two-wavelength autofluorescence ; elderly ; population-based study ; automated static perimetry ; rapid campimetry ; arcuate scotoma ; visual field defect ; telemedicine ; latanoprost ; preservative-free (PF) ; pH value ; osmolality ; surface tension ; goblet cells ; cell viability ; tear film ; adherence ; drug delivery system ; laser trabeculoplasty ; medical treatment ; minimally invasive glaucoma surgery ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Buildings play an indispensable role in urban development. As typical structures of transportation buildings, bridges serve as crucial nodes in connecting different regions, promoting economic growth, and ensuring social security. However, with the extension of their service life, the performance of bridges will inevitably decline. Performance monitoring and evaluation are crucial during the life cycle of bridges. The accelerating convergence of civil engineering, materials science, and artificial intelligence has sparked the interest of researchers from different disciplines in the emerging field of bridge state perception. This reprint covers topics on condition monitoring and assessment of engineering structures, featuring 13 papers. These studies provide some novel methods, models, and technological applications for bridge condition perception, which are of great significance for the design, construction, and assessment of bridges.
    Keywords: shield tunnelling ; active underpinning ; bridge substructure ; 3D FEM modelling ; field verification ; cantilever anti-slide pile ; trapezoidal thrust load ; bearing characteristics ; optimized calculation method of internal force ; evolution law of internal force and deformation ; bridge engineering ; moving loads identification ; MobileNetV2 ; transfer learning ; plate end debonding ; intermediate crack debonding ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; machine learning ; dung beetle optimizer (DBO) ; large-span track bridge ; steel-concrete composite beam ; cable-stayed bridge ; alignment prediction ; response surface method ; Monte Carlo ; bridge temperature ; non-uniform temperature field ; longitudinal temperature distribution ; steel box girder ; long-span bridge ; steel tube concrete truss arch ; highway basket-handle arch bridge ; arch rib inclination angle ; finite element method ; lateral stability ; working stress ; rebar ; monitoring ; magnetoelastic effect ; magnetic resonance ; moving force identification ; vehicle–bridge interaction ; Newmark-β method ; Tikhonov regularisation ; stay cable ; corrosion factors ; neural networks ; spatial diffusion model ; rigid-frame arch bridge ; scale model test ; test design ; loading system ; weight calculation method ; CFST arch bridge ; super-long span ; friction-pendulum bearing ; stayed-buckle cable ; seismic-performance improvement ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Renewable energy resources are used as distributed generation (DG) units and installed near to where the energy is converted and consumed. Further, the integration of renewable energy sources at home is very important. IoT helps smart grids to support various network functions throughout the generation, distribution, and consumption of energy by incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators, and smart meters), as well as by providing connectivity, automation, and tracking for such devices. For these applications, the use of low-power long-range wireless networks (LPWAN) is fundamental to facilitate all the necessary tasks in the smart grids in City 4.0 and Industry 4.0. The integration of renewable energies (photovoltaic solar, wind energy, biomass energy, hydroelectric energy, and other sources) in smart grids implies the monitoring of households, cities, industries, and electric vehicles at all times. In this sense, the development of monitoring and control applications using mobile devices is a fundamental tool in this type of system, which complements all the possibilities offered by the IoT. Smart energy meters are used to allow for communication between consumers and utility command centers to exchange messages about electrical consumption. Thus, it is essential to have access from any location and instant access to information using mobile devices or computers.
    Keywords: knowledge-based sensor ; Internet of Things ; high-concentration photovoltaic systems ; sun tracker ; buildings energy management ; deep learning ; energy consumption prediction ; LSTM ; autoencoder ; load forecasting ; smart sensors ; smart meter ; temporal data granularity ; electric load profile ; time slices ; time series ; advanced metering infrastructure ; monitoring ; data acquisition systems ; renewable energy ; multi-objective optimization ; reactive power (RP) planning ; hybrid algorithm ; virus colony search ; particle swarm optimization ; LoRaWAN ; smart irrigation systems ; smart energy ; IoT ; renewable energy sources ; photovoltaic energy ; I-V curve ; monitoring and data acquisition ; microgrid ; open-source ; communication protocols ; DC interrupting ; digitization ; remote control ; electric energy measurement ; miniature circuit breaker ; power meter ; internet of things ; load control ; energy meter ; smart socket ; intelligent campus ; smart building ; internet of things platform ; remote monitoring and control ; classification ; data anomalies ; data imputation ; energy consumption data ; ensemble classifiers ; machine learning ; smart home data ; smart meter data ; tracebase dataset ; home energy management system ; smart home ; cloud infrastructure ; distributed PV ; energy management system ; energy storage units ; charging piles ; smart grid ; redundancy ; Home Assistant ; low-carbon island ; Kinmen ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The purpose of the Special Issue was to collect the results of research and experience on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the energy sector and the energy market, broadly understood, that were visible after a year. In particular, the impact of COVID-19 on the energy sector in the EU, including Poland, and the US was examined. The topics concerned various issues, e.g., the situation of energy companies, including those listed on the stock exchange, mining companies, and those dealing with renewable energy. The topics related to the development of electromobility, managerial competences, energy expenditure of local government units, sustainable development of energy, and energy poverty during a pandemic were also discussed.
    Keywords: energy manager ; competences ; labor market ; energy industry ; COVID-19 ; decarbonizing transport ; energy efficiency ; electrify transport ; zero-emissions vehicles ; sustainable transport ; electric car charging points ; novel coronavirus pandemic ; alternative energy ; stock market sectors ; stock market companies ; energy ; energy company ; efficiency ; financial analysis ; pandemic ; environmental protection ; environmental problems ; greenhouse gas ; particulate matter (PM) ; renewable energy ; corruption ; electromobility ; companies in the Transport-Shipping-Logistics Sector ; pandemic-COVID-19 ; development ; self-government units ; energy consumption ; monitoring ; energy consumption effectiveness ; sustainable energy development ; households ; OPEC ; crude price ; volatility ; storage crisis ; futures ; shale ; electric vehicles market and policy ; electric vehicles ; purchase intention ; e-mobility ; consumers preferences ; consumer decision making ; social values ; delay discounting ; cultural factors ; economic factors ; machine learning methods ; sustainability ; energy poverty ; economic uncertainty ; energy policy ; policy measures ; reducing energy intensity ; ranking of countries’ energy intensity ; multi-criteria analysis ; sectors of the economy ; economic effects of the pandemic ; social effects of the pandemic ; countries of Western Europe ; countries of Central and Eastern Europe ; mining sector ; initiatives and adaptation measures ; economic situation ; COVID-19 pandemic ; fossil fuel energy ; carbon dioxide emissions ; nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model ; frequency domain causality test ; Markow switching regression ; photovoltaics ; pandemics ; changes in energetic balance due to COVID-19 ; renewable sources of energy during pandemics ; United States ; energy sector ; fossil fuel ; emissions ; expenditures ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; Environment Management ; Environmental Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Materials Engineering&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the significant impacts of alien plant species (IAS), there has not been a concerted effort to tackle the problem across the region. This can mainly be ascribed to a lack of policy, little awareness and limited capacity at a national and regional level. The UN Environment-Global Environment Facility project, 'Removing Barriers to Invasive Species Management in Production and Protection Forests in SE Asia', which was active in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam, identified these barriers and produced this Guide which will go a long way to creating awareness about invasive plants, their impacts and how best to manage them. This Guide will serve as an invaluable aid in the identification, mapping, monitoring, and management of IAS that are already present in ASEAN member states, or which may become problematic in the future, due to increased trade and travel, economic development and climate change. It is hoped that this Guide would trigger similar efforts in other countries in Southeast Asia as the region moves toward socio-economic integration.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: QK1-989 ; S1-972 ; invasives ; nonindigenous species ; Viet Nam ; Cambodia ; Indochina ; Least Developed Countries ; weed control ; ASEAN Countries ; recommendations ; South East Asia ; Southeast Asia ; Vietnam ; awareness ; exotic species ; guidelines ; weeds ; Kampuchea ; invasive organisms ; eukaryotes ; introduced organisms ; mapping ; nonindigenous organisms ; Philippines ; cartography ; monitoring ; APEC countries ; invasive species ; non-native species ; invasive alien species ; Asia ; exotic organisms ; Khmer Republic ; Developing Countries ; alien invasive species ; introduced species ; non-indigenous organisms ; non-indigenous species ; non-native organisms ; Indonesia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1F Asia::1FM South East Asia
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to increasing concern about the use of pesticides and its potential side effects, this book considers the development and application of alternative, environmental-friendly, plant protection methods for the control of weeds, disease, and pests (predators, parasitoids, competitors, plant-plant interactions, microelements, biopesticides). Some of the main advantages of the measures presented in papers are the absence of toxicity to humans and vertebrates, beneficial organisms, and the environment, as well as the absence of pest resistance. In order to provide sustainable and eco-friendly food production, those are important subjects, both in conventional, organic and integrated agricultural farming. Through reviews and original research articles, this reprint covers all aspects of alternative measures in plant protection.
    Keywords: biopesticides ; agriculture ; food supply ; microorganisms ; antifungal ; Botryosphaeriaceae ; chitosan ; GTDs ; madder ; stevioside ; Vitis vinifera ; biocontrol ; Heterorhabditis ; pest and pathogen management ; Photorhabdus ; marketing ; fungi ; Fusarium ; selenium ; micronutrient ; inhibition ; bioactivity ; biologically active compounds ; fungistatic effects ; quercetin ; red alga ; rosmarinic acid ; basal stem rot (BSR) ; phenolic compounds ; lignin ; cellulose ; hemicellulose ; silica body ; crystalline cellulose ; biodegradation ; nematode management ; biological control ; mechanisms ; host plant resistance ; synthetic nematicide ; botanicals ; optimizing strategies ; allelopathy ; oxidative stress ; maize ; soybean ; sunflower ; entomopathogenic fungi ; Tenebrio molitor ; virulence ; pathogenicity ; growth stimulation ; plant–microbe–pest interactions ; rhizosphere competence ; gallic acid ; catechin ; epicatechin ; fungal diseases ; grape berry ; hybrids ; Penicillium ; Botrytis ; Colletotrichum ; Alternaria ; Monilinia ; post-harvest diseases ; Tetranychus urticae ; Euseius stipulatus ; Typhlodromus sp. ; Phytoseiulus persimilis ; citrus orchard ; monitoring ; predators ; pest ; treatments ; aphid ; conservation biocontrol ; parasitoid ; Aphidius colemani ; floral resource plant ; field margin ; Erysiphe alphitoides ; the shoot-biomass amount ; Compu Eye, Leaf & Symptom Area ; antifungal endophytes ; secondary metabolites ; volatile compounds ; anti-oomycete ; Phytophthora infestans ; sporangia germination ; Solanum lycopersicum ; integrated disease management ; plant extracts ; defense inducers ; incidence ; AUDPC ; germination ; biopesticide ; plant–nematode interactions ; nematode effectors and control ; plant resistance ; amino acids ; biostimulant ; glutathione ; herbicide ; safener ; organic waste ; formulation ; improvement ; antifungal activity ; marine ; saline ; wetland ; post-harvest ; antifungal effect ; chloroxylenol ; phenic ; phenol ; Sclerotium rolfsii ; tomato plants ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The reprint provides a comprehensive review of various topics related to sustainable building design and operation, with a particular focus on energy efficiency and environmental impact. It covers a wide range of topics, including visual comfort assessment, decision-making processes of residents, low-cost devices for CO2 monitoring, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on residential energy use. The reprint also includes discussions on solar energy in urban planning, cost-optimal measures for energy renovation, and passive solar solutions for buildings. It provides insights into the use of different materials and strategies for improving the energy efficiency of building envelopes, including the integration of phase change materials and the use of reflective coatings on building roofs. Several case studies are presented in the book, which explores the implementation of sustainable design strategies in different building types and climates. The authors also discuss the use of advanced modeling techniques to simulate the performance of different building systems, including vertical greenery systems and the solar cadaster.
    Keywords: bidirectional gated recurrent unit ; convolutional neural networks ; electricity consumption prediction ; hybrid deep learning model ; residential load prediction ; solar energy ; building energy performance ; energy saving ; passive solar design ; synergistic design ; risk assessment ; climate change ; health ; heat stress ; AQI ; solar reflective coatings ; heat transfer ; daily heat gains ; cool roofs ; residential energy modeling ; COVID-19 ; coronavirus pandemic ; temperature sensitivity ; energy security ; phase change material ; thermal energy storage ; energy efficiency ; passive strategies ; active strategies ; adaptive envelopes ; Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) ; classification ; comparison of different types of VGS ; mathematical modeling and thermohygrometric analysis ; EnergyPlus ; public school buildings ; optimal cost ; energy renovation ; public buildings ; solar cadaster ; solar potential modeling ; numerical validation ; heritage values ; user ; sustainability ; thermal comfort ; heritage buildings ; decision-making ; preservation ; Mexico City ; urban planning ; active solar systems ; passive solar strategies ; Italian case studies ; agrivoltaics ; visual comfort ; lighting ; daylight ; user centred design ; modeling ; monitoring ; indoor air quality (IAQ) ; smart building ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; CO2 ; refurbishment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The present reprint presents information to update the state of the art in professional and recreational, male and female athletes of different sports (e.g., soccer, speed skating, triathlon, strength training, and pole dancing). Moreover, it addresses some gaps in the literature, such as immunological and hormonal responses, body composition effects, and well-being/wellness. Notwithstanding, this reprint contributes information to improve load monitoring practices (of training and competition) and quality of life through direct or indirect research.
    Keywords: phase angle ; female ; body fat mass ; fat-free mass ; intracellular water ; rated perceived exertion ; bioelectrical impedance analysis ; muscle composition ; impedance ratio ; pole dance ; muscle soreness ; stress ; fatigue ; sleep ; perceived exertion ; training monotony ; training strain ; muscle strength ; resistance exercise ; body composition ; early adulthood ; athletes ; mood ; academic learning states ; small-sided games ; task constraints ; physiological demand ; young soccer player ; peak heart rate ; offside rule ; reliability ; training load ; adolescent athletes ; perceived stress and recovery ; monitoring ; coaching ; contextual factor ; football ; team sports ; female players ; workload ; recovery ; starting status ; periodization ; youth ; salivary cortisol ; salivary immunoglobulin A ; physical match performance ; soccer ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Dinoflagellates are an important group of aquatic microbial eukaryotes, showing great diversity in life histories, ecological niches, morphology, and pigment composition. They include species with photosynthetic, heterotrophic, symbiotic, mixotrophic, and parasitic lifestyles, and encompass coral symbionts, harmful algal bloom forming species, and important fish parasites. They are present in fossil records that date back several hundred million years. Dinoflagellates include the majority of species that produce marine biotoxins, impacting aquaculture. In recent years, molecular approaches have been applied to understand dinoflagellate biology, including techniques for studying dinoflagellate ecology, physiology, basic genetics, and evolution. This Special Issue, edited by Professor Shauna Murray, is dedicated to the application and development of molecular approaches for enhancing our understanding of dinoflagellate biology.
    Keywords: nanoplastics ; dinoflagellate ; coral reef ; Symbiodinium ; Cladocopium ; gene expression ; Prorocentrum minimum ; harmful algae ; next-generation sequencing ; cDNA library ; coral reefs ; Hemerythrin-like protein ; RACK1 ; spliced leader ; yeast two-hybrid ; bioluminescence ; Pyrodinium bahamense ; harmful algal blooms ; saxitoxin ; sxtA4 ; RNA-seq ; scleractinian coral ; Symbiodiniaceae ; endosymbiosis ; PKS ; phosphopantetheinyl transferase ; toxin ; BpsA ; indigoidine ; natural product ; knockdown ; morpholino ; translation ; dinoflagellates ; metagenomics ; monitoring ; genome ; Cladocopium goreaui ; phylogenomics ; horizontal gene transfer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 36
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: For this Special Issue, research leaders in sports nutrition were approached and invited to submit current reviews in their areas of expertise. The topics are novel and wide-ranging, and include updates and insights on protein, dietary patterns, and nutritional interventions to support sleep, older athletes, and sports performance; pre-exercise nutrition; supplementation with betaine, iron, and creatine; and sports nutrition research methodologies for body composition and muscle glycogen analysis. A major emphasis in all of the papers was a focus on strengths and weaknesses for various sports nutrition strategies, and insights for future research. This Special Issue on sports nutrition provided current updates in many core areas, with insights from leading experts for future research. Hopefully, scientific understanding will be advanced as these ideas are converted into novel research designs and discoveries.
    Keywords: osmolyte ; heat shock proteins ; gut permeability ; heat stress ; thermoregulation ; cycling ; running ; carbohydrate ; adaptations ; periodization ; fasting ; low energy availability ; RED-S ; iron deficiency ; ketogenic diets ; hepcidin ; exercise ; diet ; fat ; protein ; reactive oxygen species ; creatine supplementation ; antioxidants ; DXA ; ultrasound ; bioelectrical ; impedance ; scanning ; plethysmography ; densitometry ; athlete ; monitoring ; aging ; cardiorespiratory system ; hormones ; masters athletes ; muscle ; nutrition ; protein supplementation ; training ; concurrent training ; sleep ; athletes ; recovery ; team-sport ; macronutrients ; supplements ; plants ; complete ; incomplete ; fat-free mass ; training adaptations ; performance ; carbohydrate loading ; creatine loading ; vastus lateralis ; glycogen depletion ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint presents information to update the state-of-the-art knowledge on young, professional or recreational, male and female athletes. Moreover, it addresses current gaps in the literature on issues that have an impact on athletes (e.g., Crohn’s disease, Olympic weightlifting, and velocity speed loss). Importantly, this reprint contributes to knowledge on how to improve load monitoring (of training and competition) and health care for athletes through direct or indirect research.
    Keywords: football ; male ; training ; youth ; RPE ; GPS ; running ; high-speed running ; sprint ; performance ; load monitoring ; match load ; player load ; long-term ; talent identification ; team sport ; multivariate analysis ; electromyography ; lower trapezius ; muscle strength ; shoulder kinematics ; sports injuries ; psychological factors ; Bayesian network ; sport metabolomics ; oxidative stress ; hormone signalling ; adiponectin ; basketball ; n/a ; correlation ; external intensity ; inertial device ; internal intensity ; perceived exertion ; SIATE ; agility ; soccer ; flexibility ; predictors ; outcome ; strength ; power ; reactive strength ; players ; plyometric training ; resistance training ; external load ; contextual variables ; amateur ; home match ; away match ; combat sports ; elite athletes ; rapid weight loss ; extreme weight loss ; weight management ; female ; Hooper Index ; internal load ; load ; match ; training load ; inflammation ; bowel ; malnutrition ; physical activity ; high-intensity interval training ; sport ; mental load ; Stroop ; triathlon ; sports medicine ; sports physiology ; female athlete ; VO2 max ; ultra-endurance ; bone mass density ; bone remodelling markers ; bone formation ; bone resorption ; athlete ; exercise ; injury ; aquatic training ; bicycling training ; meniscal allograft transplantation ; rehabilitation ; dynamic balance ; range of motion ; external training load ; technology ; wearable inertial measurement units ; heart rate ; monitoring ; sports technology ; load quantification ; competition phases ; exercise monitoring ; athletic performance ; reproducibility ; coping with stress ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; cross-cultural research ; blood flow restriction ; body composition ; low-intensity aerobic training ; recreational runner ; physical fitness ; vascular responses ; isometric ; jump ; stability ; static balance ; Clean and Jerk ; Olympic exercises ; Power Clean ; Snatch ; Squat ; weightlifting derivatives ; physical exercise ; saliva ; metabolomics ; proteomics ; sex ; hearing-impaired ; skill ; inspiratory muscle training ; center of pressure ; soccer players ; velocity–based training ; one–repetition maximum ; maximum strength ; training efficiency ; ports physiology ; women ; maximal aerobic speed ; athletics ; sprint/power athletes ; endurance athletes ; VDR ; rs2228570 polymorphism ; personality trials ; Big Five ; resilience ; athletes ; car drivers ; mindfulness ; awareness ; psychosocial variables ; fast day ; adaptation ; lifestyle ; men ; mental health ; interlimb ; symmetry ; injury risk ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on theoretical and practical developments in the performance of high-voltage transmission line against atmospheric pollution and icing. Modifications using suitable fillers are also pinpointed to improve silicone rubber insulation materials. Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) mitigation techniques, along with some suggestions for reliable partial discharge measurements under DC voltage stresses inside gas-insulated switchgears, are addressed. The application of an inductor-based filter for the protective performance of surge arresters against indirect lightning strikes is also discussed.
    Keywords: dynamic pollution model ; reference insulators ; insulator structure coefficient ; natural pollution tests ; finite element method ; partial discharge ; protrusion ; gas-insulated system ; HVDC ; SF6 ; synthetic air ; insulator ; pollution ; humidity ; equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) ; non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) ; leakage current ; post-installation study ; double exponential function ; indirect lightning ; medium voltage transformer ; spark gap ; filtered surge arrester ; energy-controlled switch ; ice-covered insulator ; characteristics extraction ; image processing method ; median filtering method ; entropy threshold segmentation ; modified Canny operator ; region growth method ; icing degree ; gas-insulated substations ; VFTO ; EMF modeling ; transient ground potential rise ; polymeric material ; thermoplastic ; thermoset ; elastomer ; epoxy resin ; electrical properties ; mechanical properties ; high-voltage applications ; partial discharges ; textured insulator ; artificial clean fog test ; dry bands ; discharges ; partial arcs ; monitoring ; HVDC outdoor insulators ; silicone rubber ; fumed silica ; ground silica ; dry-band arcing ; erosion performance ; outdoor insulators ; transmission and distribution ; pollution performance ; tracking ; erosion resistance ; overhead power lines ; atmospheric icing ; power outage ; anti-icing ; de-icing ; line design ; passive devices ; coatings ; mechanical methods ; thermal methods ; composite crossarm ; pollution flashover characteristics ; core diameter ; hydrophobicity ; umbrella structure ; voltage gradient ; flashover ; inception voltage ; arc propagation ; finite element method (FEM) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The rapid expansion of aquaculture around the world is increasingly being impacted by toxins produced by harmful marine microalgae, which threaten the safety of seafood. In addition, ocean climate change is leading to changing patterns in the distribution of toxic dinoflagellates and diatoms which produce these toxins. New approaches are being developed to monitor for harmful species and the toxins they produce. This Special Issue covers pioneering research on harmful marine microalgae and their toxins, including the identification of species and toxins; the development of new chemical and biological techniques to identify and monitor species and toxins; the uptake of marine biotoxins in seafood and marine ecosystems; and the distribution and abundance of toxins, particularly in relation to climate change.
    Keywords: diarrhetic shellfish poisoning ; dihydro-DTX1 ; Dinophysis norvegica ; Gulf of Maine USA ; Pectenotoxin ; Exposure ; Risk assessment ; Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning ; marine polyether ; dinoflagellate ; red tide incident ; harmful algal bloom ; lobster health ; toxic algae ; Alexandrium ; Jasus edwardsii ; shellfish ; marine toxins ; monitoring ; phytoplankton ; sentinel species ; ciguatera poisoning ; liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; LD50 ; Gambierdiscus ; Coolia ; Fukuyoa ; harmful algae ; amnesic shellfish poisoning ; ITS2 ; Argopecten purpuratus ; scallop ; ciguatera ; ciguatoxin ; maitotoxin ; 44-methylgambierone ; toxin depuration ; Platypus Bay ; Great Barrier Reef ; Scomberomorus commerson ; Spanish mackerel ; Plectropomus ; coral trout ; turf algae ; surgeonfish ; Ctenochaetus ; Acanthurus ; LC-MS ; rapid test kit ; biotoxins ; diarrhetic shellfish toxins ; Dinophysis ; saxitoxin ; feeding study ; toxicology ; paralytic shellfish toxins ; domoic acid ; geographical distribution ; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ; molecular phylogenetic analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Adriatic ; dabA ; Pseudo-nitzschia galaxiae ; ITS ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Dietary patterns are evolving, and we are increasingly aware of the contribution of food and food systems to community and planetary health. To be responsive to these changes and to promote dietary patterns that enhance the health and wellbeing of populations and protect against climate change, nutrition professionals and researchers need to monitor evolving dietary patterns and trial comprehensive, multiaction solutions. Countries are pushing back on corporate and climate change disruptions to food systems and are looking for ways to strengthen community involvement in food systems, so that healthy and environmentally friendly food choices are easier to make. To achieve this, policymakers need access to the latest evidence on evolving dietary patterns and on effective solutions, and this Special Issue on Progress in Community Nutrition: Dietary Patterns and Planetary Health provides some of this evidence.
    Keywords: dietary guidelines ; dietary patterns ; evidence synthesis ; evidence translation ; qualitative research ; vegetable ; variety ; habitual ; dietary records ; capture proportion ; waste pickers ; nutritional status ; dietary intake ; dietary diversity ; South Africa ; red/processed meat dishes ; plant-based foods ; long-grain white rice ; nutrients to limit ; Canadian population ; plant-based diet ; planetary health ; human health ; sustainability ; chronic disease prevention ; food security ; culture ; food sovereignty ; monitoring ; Pacific Islands ; Māori ; Melanesian ; Micronesian ; Polynesian ; diet ; influencing factors ; Chinese ; immigrants ; review ; Canada ; United States ; food-based dietary guidelines ; messages ; images ; pre-testing ; Tanzania ; nutrition education ; schoolchildren ; fruit and vegetables ; community nutrition ; nutrition interventions ; health promotion ; validation ; short dietary questionnaire ; food groups ; dietary practices ; children ; Vietnam ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 41
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering”, aims to present to interested researchers and engineers the latest achievements in the field of new research methods, as well as the original results of scientific research carried out with their use—not only in laboratory conditions but also in selected case studies. The articles published in this Special Issue are theoretical–experimental and experimental, and also show the practical nature of the research. They are grouped by topic, and the main content of each article is briefly discussed for your convenience. These articles extend the knowledge in the field of non-destructive testing in civil engineering with regard to new and improved non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, their complementary application, and also the analysis of their results—including the use of sophisticated mathematical algorithms and artificial intelligence, as well as the diagnostics of materials, components, structures, entire buildings, and interesting case studies.
    Keywords: conveyor belt ; climatic factors ; thermal shocks ; mechanical properties ; applied geophysics ; urban geophysics ; Eleftheria Square ; ERT ; probability-based ERT inversion (PERTI) method ; GPR ; EMI ; impact-echo ; tooth gear impactor ; contact duration ; delamination ; rapid scanning ; non-destructive testing ; concrete slab ; building defects ; building diagnosis ; building envelope ; building inspection system ; urgency of repair ; historic buildings ; brick walls ; nondestructive testing ; artificial neural networks ; Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) ; passive house (PH) ; heat flux meter (HFM) ; quantitative infrared thermography (QIRT) ; building thermal performance ; U-value ; Mediterranean climate ; electrical resistivity ; electrical impedance ; concrete ; mortar ; measurement accuracy ; ultrasonic elastography ; underground detection ; soil inspection ; underwater acoustics ; non-destructive test ; monitoring ; housing ; buildings ; façade ; thermal transmittance ; HFM method ; infrared thermography ; solar loading thermography ; lock-in thermography ; passive thermography ; thermal thickness ; thermal effusivity ; infrastructure ; NDT ; onsite X-ray bridge inspection ; 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources ; PC bridge ; unfilled grout ; quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout ; step-heating thermography ; active thermography ; linear effusivity fit ; ground-penetrating radar ; signal features ; material moisture ; classification ; machine learning ; moisture measurements ; building floors ; civil engineering ; crack measurement ; image processing ; high resolution ; working distance ; crack width ; visual inspection ; structure state assessment ; ground sample distance (GSD) ; sonic resonant method ; impulse excitation technique ; resonant frequency ; steel fiber reinforced concrete ; fiber orientation ; micro-computed tomography ; ultrasound ; spectral induced polarization ; small force ; load ; instrumental signal ; two-point bending test ; strain gauge ; calibration equation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 42
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The availability of fresh water of good or high quality is essential for the health of people, animals and the environment. The monitoring and modelling of water resources are therefore strategic for achieving a sustainable and inclusive society. This reprint hosts research and review papers featuring different approaches ranging from engineering and environmental sciences (hydrology, ecotoxicology and remote sensing) to economic disciplines (environmental and circular economy). Contributions may be of interest to both researchers and environmental managers.
    Keywords: water supply system ; risk analysis ; risk management ; safety of water supply ; water supply network ; failures ; risk maps ; Epanet ; Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) ; cascade dams ; river regime ; suspended sediment transport ; dissolved load transport ; nutrient transport ; Brda river ; subtropical coastal zone ; waste treatment ; ocean dumping ; antiretrovirals ; predicted environmental concentration ; ecotoxicology ; risk assessment ; pollution effects ; circular economy (CE) ; monitoring ; indicators ; economic indicators ; water ; wastewater ; terrestrial evaporation ; components ; Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) ; increasing trends ; spatial–temporal pattern ; evaporative ratio ; Poland ; satellite images ; hyperspectral data ; water quality ; PRISMA ; DESIS ; turbidity ; chlorophyll-a ; aquatic vegetation ; river freezing ; Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) ; Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ; predictor variables ; balanced accuracy ; river flow ; XGBoost algorithm ; trends ; multistep-ahead forecasting ; climate variability ; Ukraine ; phosphorus ; resources ; critical raw materials ; Visegrad Group ; V4 ; sustainable management ; cold season ; 1951–2021 ; snowfall-to-precipitation ratio ; baseflow index ; river regime shift ; lowland river basin ; middle-latitude region ; hydrogeochemical characterization ; seawater intrusion processes ; geothermal water ; mixing processes ; cation exchange ; Los Cabos block ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The subject of this reprint covers the latest research in the field of wind energy methods and technologies. The results of work on modeling and optimization of wind turbines, their location, methods of monitoring and diagnostics, and development prospects were presented. Contemporary problems, dangers and risks in the field of wind engineering were also pointed out.
    Keywords: Wind Turbine ; temperature monitoring ; ambient condition ; Extreme Learning Machine ; genetic algorithm ; SCADA ; wind energy ; wind turbines ; development ; operation ; maintenance ; monitoring ; challenges ; offshore wind turbine ; suction bucket ; pentapod suction bucket ; scour ; scouring fragility ; scour risk ; offshore ; reliability ; fault detection ; geared ; direct drive ; transfer learning ; simulation testing ; intelligent systems ; servicing process ; Markov processes ; expert system ; air velocity ; tachometric anemometer ; dynamic error ; measurement correction ; flow measurement ; wind energy spectrum ; hot-wire anemometer ; transmission band adjustment ; real-time vibration control ; optimal-based control ; wind turbine ; hybrid tuned vibration absorber ; electric drive ; magnetorheological damper ; small wind turbine control ; maximum power point tracking ; pitch angle wind turbine ; wind turbine blade ; new generation blade technology ; recyclable composite structures ; vertical axis wind turbine ; gust ; macroturbulence ; URANS ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2023-02-22
    Description: The European project “Wind, Ports, and Sea” (VPM), funded by the European Cross-border Programme “Italy-France Maritime 2007–2013”, aims to improve the safety conditions and to reduce the hazards by the development of a coupled monitoring and forecast system of the sea-state outside the main harbors of the Northern Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas. In particular, the sea and wind forecasts are evaluated by using a numerical model specifically implemented for this project and the monitoring system is made of measuring stations installed on the coast near the harbor areas. The Port Authority of La Spezia has implemented a pilot project based on a new method, called OS-IS (Ocean Seismic-Integrated Solution, [1]), for the inland remote monitoring of the sea. The key advantage of OS-IS is that is installed inland, inside a building, and there are no parts in the sea. The core elements of the system are high sensitivity accelerometers and specifically developed algorithms for the evaluation of the sea state using the micro-seismic signals on the basis of mathematical models and fitting calibration factors. After more than one year since the first installation, OS-IS has shown a high level of reliability and the validity of the measurements has been demonstrated by comparison with those of the buoys. In the following, the installed systems will be shortly described and compared with the conventional methods.
    Description: Assist in Gravitation and Instrumentation, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, European Cross-border Programme “Italy-France Maritime 2007–2013”
    Description: Published
    Description: 15473503
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Sea waves ; monitoring ; passive instrumentation ; seismic noise ; accelerometers ; OS-IS® ; Wind , Ports and Sea ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Communication is not only through words. Man has used any medium to memorize places and describe the area around him through cartography for over 4000 years. By means of new technologies we have passed from computer-drawn maps to georeferenced digital maps, up to georeferenced data shared via webgis. The Osservatorio Vesuviano is the Sezione di Napoli of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, a research institution whose main purpose is the monitoring of Campania volcanic areas by means of different types of networks (consisting of fixed and mobile stations), each of which records different parameters. The Osservatorio Vesuviano has built a constantly evolving GIS environment database to manage geographic data in order to remember and understand the distribution of these networks. This paper presents the open access database “moNitoring mAps of camPania voLcanoES” (NAPLES), which provides monitoring networks maps. You can access NAPLES database and download the maps you need both from Osservatorio Vesuviano website or from Zenodo open database.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italia
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-60
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: map ; cartography ; vesuvio ; campi flegrei ; ischia ; monitoring ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2023-11-13
    Description: Rifting and continental break‐up are fundamental tectonic processes, the understanding of which is of prime importance. However, the vast temporal and spatial scales involved pose major limitations to researchers. Analog tectonic modeling represents a great means to mitigate these limitations, but studying the complex internal deformation of lithospheric‐scale models remains a challenge. We therefore present a novel method for lithospheric‐scale rifting models that are uniquely monitored in an X‐ray CT scanner, which combined with digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, provides unparalleled insights into model deformation. Our first models illustrate how the degree of coupling between competent lithospheric layers, which are separated by a weak lower crustal layer, strongly impacts rift system development. Low coupling isolates the upper crust from the upper lithospheric mantle layer below, preventing an efficient transfer of deformation between both layers. By contrast, fast rifting increases coupling, so that deformation in the mantle is efficiently transferred to the upper crust, inducing either a symmetric or asymmetric (double) rift system. Furthermore, oblique divergence may lead to en echelon graben arrangements and delayed exhumation of the lower crustal layer. The successful application of our novel modeling approach, yielding these first‐order insights, provides a clear incentive to continue running lithospheric‐scale rifting models, and to apply advanced monitoring techniques to extract as much information from models as possible. There is indeed a broad range of opportunities for follow‐up studies within (and beyond) the field of rift tectonics.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The Earth's surface consists of tectonic plates that are in constant motion, driven by titanic forces deep within the planet. One of the key plate tectonic processes is the stretching (rifting) and eventual break‐up of continents, leading to the opening of oceanic basins. Understanding the mechanisms involved is of great importance. However, studying continental break‐up is challenging due to the vast size of plate tectonic systems, and the extensive timescales over which they evolve: plate tectonic processes can rarely be directly observed. A practical solution to this issue is the use of analog experiments, which reproduce these processes in a matter of hours or days in a modestly sized laboratory. However, a major obstacle that remains is the opacity of these models: similar to tectonic plates, these models are opaque, so that their internal evolution remains hidden. X‐ray CT‐scanning provides an unrivaled means to reveal a model's internal structures during a model run. Here we present the first‐ever application of CT‐scanning to monitor relatively complex lithospheric‐scale models of continental rifting. The CT scans provide unique insights into the internal evolution of such models, and we point out various possibilities for interesting follow‐up studies.
    Description: Key Points: We present the first‐ever lithospheric‐scale analog models of rifting monitored in a CT scanner, revealing their complex internal deformation. We quantify this deformation via Digital Image Correlation analysis, and show the impact of coupling and oblique rifting on rift evolution. The successful application of our novel modeling approach provides a strong incentive for follow‐up tectonic modeling studies.
    Description: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711
    Description: Helmholtz‐Zentrum Potsdam ‐ Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010956
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2022.030
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2022.008
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2023.006
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2023.005
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; rifting ; analog modeling ; continental break‐up ; X‐ray CT‐scanning ; visualization ; monitoring
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2023-12-15
    Description: In this study, the contamination profile of heavy metal levels (Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Zn) of Treptacantha barbata (Stackhouse) Orellana & Sansón, 2019, seawater and sediment samples were analyzed by ICP-MS and reference materials were used to determine the reliability of the analysis. All samples were collected from the Sinop coast (Türkiye) from August 2021 through April 2022. As a result of the study, metal levels were found in the following sequence: Hg 〈 Cd 〈 Pb 〈 Cu 〈 Zn 〈 Fe for seawater and T. barbata and Hg 〈 Cd 〈 Cu 〈 Pb 〈 Zn 〈 Fe for sediment. Among the metals, Cu was bio-accumulative in biota; Cd and Hg metals in the sediment are micro concentrator by T. barbata.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Treptacantha barbata ; Treptacantha barbata ; metals ; ICP-MS ; bio-concentration factor ; biota-sediment accumulation factor ; monitoring ; ASFA_2015::M::Macroalgae ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine Biology ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioaccumulation ; ASFA_2015::B::Biological contamination ; ASFA_2015::H::Heavy metals ; ASFA_2015::S::Sediments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 73-82
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Mangrove forests provide valuable ecosystem services to coastal communities across tropical and subtropical regions. Current anthropogenic stressors threaten these ecosystems and urge researchers to create improved monitoring methods for better environmental management. Recent efforts that have focused on automatically quantifying the above-ground biomass using image analysis have found some success on high resolution imagery of mangrove forests that have sparse vegetation. In this study, we focus on stands of mangrove forests with dense vegetation consisting of the endemic Pelliciera rhizophorae and the more widespread Rhizophora mangle mangrove species located in the remote Utría National Park in the Colombian Pacific coast. Our developed workflow used consumer-grade Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) imagery of the mangrove forests, from which large orthophoto mosaics and digital surface models are built. We apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for instance segmentation to accurately delineate (33% instance average precision) individual tree canopies for the Pelliciera rhizophorae species. We also apply CNNs for semantic segmentation to accurately identify (97% precision and 87% recall) the area coverage of the Rhizophora mangle mangrove tree species as well as the area coverage of surrounding mud and water land-cover classes. We provide a novel algorithm for merging predicted instance segmentation tiles of trees to recover tree shapes and sizes in overlapping border regions of tiles. Using the automatically segmented ground areas we interpolate their height from the digital surface model to generate a digital elevation model, significantly reducing the effort for ground pixel selection. Finally, we calculate a canopy height model from the digital surface and elevation models and combine it with the inventory of Pelliciera rhizophorae trees to derive the height of each individual mangrove tree. The resulting inventory of a mangrove forest, with individual P. rhizophorae tree height information, as well as crown shape and size descriptions, enables the use of allometric equations to calculate important monitoring metrics, such as above-ground biomass and carbon stocks.
    Keywords: mangrove forests ; forest inventory ; monitoring ; habitat mapping ; UAV ; UAS ; artificial ; intelligence ; machine learning ; instance segmentation ; semantic segmentation ; above ground biomass ; carbon stock
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This Global Dated Landslide Database (GDLDB) is part of the project WeMonitor (Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Models for Detecting and Monitoring Spatio-Temporal Anomalies in Optical and Radar Satellite Time Series), funded by the Helmholtz Imaging Platform. The aim is to develop a deep learning model that uses satellite image time series from Sentinel1/2 to automatically monitor changes caused, for example, by landslides, deforestation, large fires, dam failures, or the emergence of waste dumps. To train such a model, a reference dataset is required that shows the area and date of the changes as precise as possible. To allow for a generic and transferable model, the reference data also needs to cover the diversity of the process to be detected. Thus, the aim of the GDLDB is to comprise landslides of different sizes, shapes, and types, occurring at different seasons and in different regions with varying natural conditions and different triggering mechanisms such as rainfall and earthquake-induced landslides. To build the GDLDB, available local and regional landslide inventories from around the world are combined into one coherent database by verifying their location and date of occurrence with high-resolution remote sensing data. The selection criteria for the source inventories are the definition of the landslide location as polygons, at least a rough indication of the landslide origin date, and that the landslides occurred during the Sentinel-2 data availability from 2016 onwards. A total of 16 individual inventories are included (Table 1), one each from the USA, Dominica, Italy, Zimbabwe, southern India, Nepal, China, Papua New Guinea, and New Zealand, and two each from Kyrgyzstan, Japan, and the Philippines. In addition, a global inventory was added, including a small number of landslides from the USA, Peru, Chile, Europe, Pakistan, Nepal, India, and Taiwan, and a larger number of landslides from Indonesia. From each inventory, approximately 100 landslides were randomly selected to ensure an unbiased selection of landslides in terms of shape, size, and location. The original source inventories are produced using a variety of methods, including manual mapping in airborne data with ground verification and automatic identification in satellite remote sensing data. As a result, the mapping quality of the inventories varies greatly. In cases where landslides could not be verified by us using available optical remote sensing data (e.g. Sentinel-2, Planet Scope, and data available in Google Earth) new polygons are selected until the number of approximately 100 landslides is reached. In some inventories, the number of 100 landslides could not be guaranteed, due to a lack of suitable landslides (e.g., small size, incorrect classification) or the total number of landslides in the selected inventory was less than 100. For inventories with a lot of small landslides, that were difficult or impossible to observe, a size threshold of 1000m2 was introduced.
    Keywords: natural hazards ; landslides ; remote sensing ; landslide inventory ; multi-temporal ; monitoring ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 Sentinel GMES 〉 SENTINEL-2 ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS 〉 EXTREME WEATHER 〉 EXTREME PRECIPITATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 LANDSLIDES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 LANDSLIDES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOLOGICAL ADVISORIES 〉 LANDSLIDES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.
    Keywords: pig weight ; body size ; estimation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; pig identification ; mask scoring R-CNN ; soft-NMS ; group-housed pigs ; audio ; dairy cow ; mastication ; jaw movement ; forage management ; precision livestock management ; equine behavior ; wearable sensor ; intermodality interaction ; class-balanced focal loss ; absorbing Markov chain ; cow behavior analysis ; prediction of calving time ; cow identification ; EfficientDet ; YOLACT++ ; cascaded model ; instance segmentation ; generative adversarial network ; machine learning ; automated medical image processing ; deep neural network ; animal science ; CT scans ; computer vision ; cow ; extensive livestock ; sensorized wearable device ; monitoring ; parturition prediction ; radar sensors ; radar signal processing ; animal farming ; computational ethology ; signal classification ; wavelet analysis ; dairy welfare ; hierarchical clustering ; mutual information ; precision livestock farming ; time budgets ; unsupervised machine learning ; wearables design ; animal-centered design ; animal telemetry ; modularity ; smart collar ; design contributions ; additive manufacturing ; low-frequency tracking ; commercial aviary ; laying hens ; false registrations ; tree-based classifier ; animal behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The use of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a need of global society. This editorial, and its associated Special Issue “Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources”, offers a compilation of some of the recent advances in the analysis of current power systems that are composed after the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) with different RESs. The focus is on both new control configurations and on novel methodologies for the optimal placement and sizing of DG. The eleven accepted papers certainly provide a good contribution to control deployments and methodologies for the allocation and sizing of DG.
    Keywords: solar energy ; wind energy ; energy storage ; renewable energy integration ; Europe ; advanced metering infrastructure ; data acquisition ; IEC standards ; low-cost ; open source ; power measurement ; smart meter ; uncertainty evaluation ; frequency stabilization ; coordinated control ; wind turbine generator ; high-fidelity battery model ; releasable and absorbable energy ; photovoltaic emulator ; photovoltaic panel ; single diode model ; MPPT ; FSWT-SCIG ; battery storage system ; power system stability ; synchronous generator ; hybrid system ; voltage source converter ; passivity-based control ; proportional-integral control ; voltage regulation ; bi-directional converter ; LC impedance source converter ; DC–DC power converter ; bi-directional power flow ; alternating current networks ; direct current networks ; optimal power flow ; non-linear optimization ; control of power electronic converters ; distributed generation ; mixed-integer nonlinear programming ; second-cone programming ; discrete-sine cosine algorithm ; metaheuristic optimization ; DG placement ; evolutionary algorithms ; energy management ; fuzzy controller ; power systems analysis ; interconnected power systems ; latencies ; time-delay effects ; wide area monitoring systems ; renewable energy conversion ; power conditioning devices ; renewable energy policies ; power quality ; computations methods ; control strategies ; electric vehicle charging ; energy management systems ; ancillary services ; monitoring ; prognostic and diagnostic ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Mechanical and hydraulic soil properties are strongly affected by the degree of saturation, with important consequences for earthen embankments, soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions, geoenvironmental applications, and risk mitigation. The presence of sloping ground surfaces is common. In slightly inclined natural slopes, susceptible to deep landslides, the unsaturated condition of shallow soil horizons affects deep pore water pressures and, therefore, global stability. The stability of steep mountains covered by shallow deposits is often guaranteed by a shear strength contribution related to the unsaturated condition. In this case, the degree of saturation plays a key role in determining which rainfall events can act as landslide triggers, consequently controlling the post-failure evolution. Partial saturation is the basic characteristic of soils used as construction materials of geo-structures such as levees, dikes, and dams. It governs the structure behavior during construction phases, in serviceability, and in extreme scenarios. Hoping to provide a bridge between theoretical research and practical applications, this Special Issue collects quality contributions related to natural and artificial slopes under unsaturated conditions, focusing on aspects such as: water retention and transport properties, mechanical behavior, advances in experimental methods, laboratory and in situ characterization, field monitoring, geotechnical and geophysical field tests, landslide investigation and prevention, the design and maintenance of engineered slopes, and the constitutive and numerical modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior.
    Keywords: landslide ; soil slide ; LAMP ; soil water content ; soil moisture ; monitoring ; calibration ; installation ; rainfall ; debris flow ; in situ characterization ; triaxial tests ; unsaturated conditions ; unsaturated slope ; Ruedlingen field experiment ; lateral resistance ; limit equilibrium solution ; riverbank ; unsaturated soils ; water retention curve ; unsaturated permeability curve ; transient seepage ; slope stability ; pyroclastic soils ; infiltration ; capillary barriers ; stability analysis ; water retention ; suction ; silty sands ; commercial experimental techniques ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
    Keywords: rock bolt ; grouting quality ; dynamic response ; natural frequency ; finite element method ; monitoring ; historical masonry wall ; hygrothermal processes ; internal insulation ; testing of building materials ; test uncertainty ; validation of test methods ; sustainable test methods ; recycling ; foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) ; base layer ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; fatigue durability ; GFRP ; FRP reinforcement ; shear ; capacity ; reinforced concrete beams ; column ; stiffness ; FRCM ; PBO mesh ; PBO–FRCM ; carpentry joints ; scarf and splice joints ; stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) ; static behaviour ; experimental research ; concrete ; non-destructive testing ; ultrasounds ; ultrasonic tomography ; acoustic methods ; defects ; diagnostic ; detection ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; monitoring FBG ; power transmission tower ; civil engineering ; X-ray microtomography ; microstructure characteristics ; infiltration damage ; high-strength concrete ; steel fibres ; flexural tensile strength ; fracture energy ; numerical analysis ; concrete floors ; compressive strength ; strength distribution ; industrial floors ; ultrasound tests ; ventilated facades ; large-scale facade model ; fire safety ; fiber cement board ; large-slab ceramic tile ; plasterboards ; moisture content ; hydration processes ; mechanical properties ; ultrasound measurements ; ESD resin ; expansion joint ; quasi-plastic material ; energy absorption ; asphalt mix ; compaction index ; volumetric parameters ; stiffness modulus ; moisture resistance ; roughness ; texture ; close-range photogrammetry ; bond strength ; random field generation ; semivariograms ; hybrid truss bridge ; steel–concrete connection joint ; mechanical behavior ; failure mode ; strain ; static test ; static elastic modulus ; dynamic elastic modulus ; machine learning ; P-wave ; S-wave ; resonance frequency test ; nondestructive method ; Al–Ti laminate ; fracture ; acoustic emission diagnostic ; pattern recognition ; clustering AE signal ; storage systems ; tab connector ; flexural test ; capable design moment ; restrained ring test ; autogenous shrinkage cracking ; concrete cracking test ; concrete shrinkage cracking test ; restrined ring calibration ; cement–fiber boards ; acoustic emission method ; k-means algorithm ; wavelet analysis ; fiber composites ; ground penetrating radar (GPR) ; HMA dielectric constant ; road pavement thickness estimation ; early age concrete ; damage processes detection before loading ; strength of structures ; aggregate ; classification ; wire mesh ; roundness ; tilting angle ; opening size ; concrete centrifugation ; morphology ; image processing ; porosity ; cement ; waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) ; controlled low-strength material (CLSM) ; unconfined compressive strength ; bearing capacity ; backfill material ; P-wave velocity ; amplitude attenuation ; resistivity ; CT scan ; sandstone ; damage variable ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; spin-lattice relaxometry ; proton ; hydration kinetics ; superplasticizer ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction material ; quality assessment ; conformity criteria ; statistical-fuzzy method ; FRTP ; rivet ; connection ; polyethylene pipe ; mechanical properties of polyethylene ; resistance strain ; computer simulation ; residual shear stress ; particle crushing ; ring shear test ; particle flow code (PFC2D) ; frictional work ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; recycled steel fibres ; micro-computed tomography ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile strength ; reinforced concrete ; diagnostic testing ; corrosion ; carbonation ; galvanostatic pulse method ; phase composition analysis ; X-ray analysis ; thermal analysis ; quasi-brittle cement composites ; low-module polypropylene fibres ; elastic range ; digital image correlation ; Arcan shear test ; wood ; orthotropic shear modulus ; elastic-plastic material ; shear wave velocity ; sand ; bender elements test ; grain-size characteristics ; complex modulus ; shrinkage analysis ; reclaimed asphalt ; mineral–cement emulsion mixtures ; cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) ; degradation of glass panels ; effective area ratio ; relative mass loss ; visible light transmittance ; windblown sand ; wood-plastic composites ; methods of testing resistance to fungi ; methods of assessment ; ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ; non-destructive techniques (NDT) ; corrosion of reinforcement ; slip resistance ; granite floor ; slip resistance value ; ramp test ; acceptance angle ; sliding friction coefficient ; comparability of test methods ; wall temperature ; fibre bragg grating sensors ; freeze-thaw cycles ; signal analysis ; short-time Fourier transform ; fast Fourier transform ; brine ; sodium chloride ; X-ray ; partition walls ; brick walls ; bending strength ; cracking ; post-tension ; cable ; girder ; destructive test ; non-destructive test ; structural health monitoring ; safety ; monitoring fibre Bragg grating ; mining areas ; strain/stress distribution ; geopolymer concrete ; fly-ash ; bottom-ash ; neural network ; sustainability ; industrial waste management ; flexural strength ; cladding ; AE acoustic emission ; micro-events ; sound spectrum ; traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites ; residual-state creep ; saturation front ; landslides ; erosional stability ; laboratory testing ; grout mixtures ; groundwater ; test apparatus ; testing ; building materials ; elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book is a collection of a group of peer-reviewed scientific papers dealing with both the evaluation and the solution of the complex but pressing problem of water source pollution. In the case of both fresh and marine water, the environmental and health protection aspects are closely linked. Monitoring activities supply continuous information on the contamination levels in inland surface, ground, and coastal waters, providing an alert in case of increased or new contamination and monitoring the effectiveness of remediation strategies. On the other hand, new or improved remediation and bioremediation tools are urgently needed to tackle the scarcity of safe drinking water. The papers in this book represent interesting starting points for future researches.
    Keywords: acute toxicity ; Daphnia magna ; electrochemical oxidation ; emerging contaminants ; methiocarb ; glucocorticoids ; TiO2-solar light degradation ; freshwater pollution ; photoproducts ; matrix constituents ; human health analysis ; water contamination ; water quality model ; hydraulic model ; WDS ; water quality sensors ; agrochemicals ; photo-reactor ; advanced oxidation processes ; water pollution ; point sources ; antioxidant enzymes ; pharmaceutical residues ; pesticides ; detergents ; integrative indexes ; groundwater pollution ; pollution costs ; economic environmental protection instruments ; physico-chemical parameters ; heavy metals ; health risk index ; Pearson coefficients ; adsorption ; dye ; MWCNT ; kinetics ; isotherm models ; thermodynamic ; bioaccumulation ; Lake Chapala ; carp ; catfish ; PTWI ; bioremediation ; ecotoxicology ; Gibbula umbilicalis ; marine bacteria ; tributyltin ; TBT-tolerance ; microalgae ; Vibrio fisheri ; benzenesulfonamide ; benzothiazole ; benzotriazole ; biotoxicity tests ; ferrous lactate ; in situ chemical reduction ; trichloroethylene (TCE) ; green and sustainable remediation (GSR) ; 1,4-dioxane ; dynamic ; pollution ; dumping site ; transport phenomena ; superfund ; enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) ; dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) ; chlorinated hydrocarbons ; tetrachloroethene (PCE) ; trichloroethene (TCE) ; dichloroethene (DCE) ; anaerobic reduction ; metagenomics ; microplastics ; largemouth bass ; growth ; intestinal morphology ; intestinal microbiota ; PCBs ; monitoring ; biomonitoring ; statistical analysis ; Lake Baikal ; passive sampling ; trace contaminants ; seawater ; chromatography–mass spectrometry ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: A good knowledge of the natural and cultural heritage of karst is a precondition for the rational planning of life on it. We try to organize the knowledge to make it as useful as possible for planners. We are involved in individual projects related to the regional planning, water supply systems, the construction of transportation infrastructure, the closure of landfills in karst areas, the collection of data on karst caves and their protection, karst ecology and determining the extent of human influence on the karst underground. A new book series Karstology and development challenges on karst was designed to present the results of completed and new projects to a broader public.The first book with the subtitle Water contains selected directly applicable research studies on karst waters, their characteristics, endangerment, and protection. It is composed of ten chapters, which can be grouped into three main themes. In the introduction the importance, characteristics and vulnerability of karst aquifers are presented,then various case studies of pollution and endangerment are described (traffic, landfills, military objects, flooding), and at the end some guidelines for the protection of karst water sources are summarized. The book is a bilingual publication in Slovene and English. It is aimed at a broad circle of users, researchers, students and planners.
    Description: Dobro poznavanje naravne in kulturne dediščine krasa je pogoj za smiselno načrtovanje življenja na njem. Pridobljeno temeljno znanje skušamo krasoslovci urediti tako, da je kar čimbolj uporabno tudi načrtovalcem. Vključeni smo v posamezne projekte regionalnega načrtovanja, oskrbe z vodo, gradnje prometnic, zapiranja odlagališč na krasu, zbiranja podatkov o kraških jamah in njihovega varovanja, kraške ekologije in ugotavljanja človekovega vpliva na kras. Za predstavitev svežih izsledkov širši javnosti smo oblikovali serijo Krasoslovje v razvojnih izzivih na krasu. V prvi knjigi s podnaslovom Voda smo združili izbrane neposredno uporabne študije o kraških vodah, njihovih značilnostih, ogroženosti in varovanju. Sestavljena je iz desetih poglavij, ki jih lahko razdelimo v tri sklope. V uvodu so predstavljeni pomen, značilnosti in ranljivost kraških vodonosnikov, sledijo različni primeri ogroženosti kraških vod (prometnice, odlagališča odpadkov, vojaški objekti, poplave), na koncu pa je zbranih še nekaj smernic za varovanje kraških vodnih virov.
    Keywords: aquifers ; collective volume ; groundwater ; groundwaters ; hydrogeology ; Karst ; karst (geology) ; karstic aquifers ; karstic waters ; karstology ; legislation ; monitoring ; pollution ; Slovenia ; water pollution ; water resources ; hidrogeologija ; Kras ; kras (geologija) ; kraške vode ; kraški vodonosniki ; krasoslovje ; onesnaževanje ; onesnaževanje voda ; podtalnica ; podzemne vode ; Slovenija ; vodni viri ; vodonosniki ; zakonodaja ; zborniki ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DX Southeast Europe::1DXV Slovenia ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGD Geomorphology and geological surface processes ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKF Limnology (inland waters)
    Language: Slovenian , English
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue is designed to celebrate the founding of the open-access journal Oceans and is focused on presenting new ideas and advances at the cutting edge of ocean science. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to: ocean geosciences, physics, biogeochemistry, and ecology; ocean ecosystem services and sustainable ocean resource use; and ocean operations and engineering. The fifteen articles published in this Special Issue focus on diverse areas of oceanography, including ocean ecology and biology, ocean geosciences, ocean climate and meteorology, ocean circulation, ocean chemistry and biogeochemistry, ocean resources (e.g., fisheries, aquaculture, and mining), ocean engineering, ocean modeling and ocean governance.
    Keywords: SIDS ; UN Member States ; sustainable development goal 14 ; SAMOA pathway ; capacity building ; scientific infrastructure ; IAEA ; ocean challenges ; nuclear and isotopic techniques ; ecology ; oceanography ; Portugal ; abundance rate ; nursery ; common dolphin ; Delphinus delphis ; phytoplankton ; zooplankton ; time series ; regime shift ; climate ; nutrients ; composite ; delamination ; seawater ; immersion ; ageing ; Black Sea ; biogeochemical modelling ; seasonal phytoplankton and inter-annual variation ; capture–recapture ; Cayman Islands ; Seychelles ; monitoring ; endangered species ; maximum number of individuals ; photo-identification ; mark-recapture ; movement ecology ; phosphorus ; polyphosphates ; pyrophosphate ; pyrophosphatase activity ; seaweed ; Ulva ; ras al hadd oceanic dipole ; arabian sea ; cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies ; altimetric data ; angular momentum eddy detection and tracking algorithm (AMEDA) ; HYCOM model ; ARGO floats ; carbon cycle ; tropical Atlantic ; dissolved inorganic carbon ; alkalinity ; Demerara Rise ; millennial-scale variability ; Late Quaternary paleoclimate ; seafloor mapping ; vulnerable deep-sea habitats ; deep-sea corals ; chemosynthesis-based communities ; vulnerable marine ecosystem ; Atlantic Ocean ; seismic faults ; slope instabilities ; submarine volcanism ; fluid-flow processes ; bottom currents ; tsunamis ; canyon heads ; tectonic indentation ; multidisciplinary approach ; carbon ; eutrophic ; Hiroshima Bay ; nitrogen ; sulfur ; sediment ; ocean forecasting ; reflexivity ; fisheries ; harmful algal blooms ; coupled natural-human systems ; Anthropocene ocean ; shark ; luminescence ; Etmopteridae ; Dalatiidae ; Somniosidae ; photophore ; hormonal control ; counter-illumination ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book collects important contributions on smart cities. This book was created in collaboration with the ICSC-CITIES2020, held in San José (Costa Rica) in 2020. This book collects articles on: energetic efficiency and sustainability; infrastructures, energy and the environment; mobility and IoT; governance and citizenship.
    Keywords: electric buses ; public transportation ; PV supplied sustainable transportation ; digitization ; knowledge sharing ; human resources management ; competitiveness ; Industry 4.0 ; home energy management ; Zigbee ; smart socket ; monitoring ; appliances scheduling ; urban mobility ; data analysis ; origin-destination ; ITS ; tall building ; locating criteria ; fuzzy visibility ; visual impact ; water accounting ; resource efficiencies ; virtual water trade ; Australian trade sustainability ; sustainable resource management ; governance-engineering nexus ; smart mobility ; demand responsive transport ; connected and autonomous vehicle ; Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) ; electric mobility ; shared transportation ; intelligent transportation systems ; smart city ; transportation disadvantage ; social exclusion ; Android application ; energy-efficient ; mobile ads ; gamma correction ; energy performance certificate (EPC) ; hedonic pricing method ; real estate market ; property prices ; Alicante ; DIALux ; simulation ; lighting quality ; teaching institution ; classroom lighting ; flood risk management ; measures ; approaches ; design criteria ; plans ; schemes ; hazard ; vulnerability ; risk ; expected annual damages ; direct and indirect flood losses ; computational intelligence ; image processing ; pedestrian movement patterns ; surveillance cameras ; cost–benefit analysis ; multicriteria analysis ; comparative risk assessment ; economic rent ; internal rate of return ; present value ; optimal risk point ; flood management ratio ; photovoltaic cell defect ; classifier ; artificial intelligence ; traffic congestion ; public urban transport ; daily infections by COVID-19 ; flood ; integrated flood risk management ; resilience building ; emergency planning ; disaster risk reduction ; community participation ; disaster preparedness ; environmental footprint ; cleanup ; green remediation ; renewable energy sources ; smart microgrid ; Home Assistant ; monitoring and control system ; older adults ; mobility ; systematic review ; municipal electric bike system ; electric bike-sharing ; sustainable urban transport ; travel behavior ; timetable synchronization ; public transportation planning ; mixed integer programming ; evolutionary algorithms ; real case study ; smart cities ; battery energy storage system ; dimensioning methodology ; industrial consumption ; electricity fixed term ; demand response ; smart grid ; discomfort index ; water heaters ; thermal model ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of plant biodiversity and genetic resources, including definitions, descriptions, and illustrations of different components and their value for food and nutrition security, breeding, and environmental services. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided regarding conservation approaches and techniques for plant genetic resources, policy aspects, and results of biological, genetic, morphological, economic, social, and breeding-related research activities. The complexity and vulnerability of (plant) biodiversity and its inherent genetic resources, as an integral part of the contextual ecosystem and the human web of life, are clearly demonstrated in this Special Issue, and for several encountered problems and constraints, possible approaches or solutions are presented to overcome these.
    Keywords: climate change ; combined drought and heat stress ; drought ; heat ; landraces ; maize ; Rhododendron ; conservation strategies ; genetic differentiation ; gene flow ; populations contraction ; AFLP ; genetic diversity ; invasive ; Poaceae ; population genetics ; range expansion ; genebanks ; forage germplasm ; grasses ; legumes ; seed storage ; conservation ; seed longevity ; seed germination ; monitoring ; regeneration ; pea landraces ; Amorgos ; Schinoussa ; DNA Barcoding ; ISSR genotyping ; HRM analysis ; powdery mildew ; ex situ conservation ; germination ; longevity ; plant genetic resources ; agrobiodiversity ; genebank ; genebank management ; seed physiology ; seed quality management ; Carthamus tinctorius ; genotyping by sequencing ; germplasm characterization ; GWAS ; oilseed crop ; DArT markers ; macadamia ; dendrogram ; principal coordinate analysis ; population structure ; wild species ; malnutrition ; food security ; vegetables ; genetic resources ; home gardens ; community seedbanks ; variety introduction ; vegetable breeding ; high-throughput phenotyping ; statistical modelling ; phenotypic breeding ; genomic selection ; Solanum chacoense ; stress tolerance ; Brassica oleracea ; diversity ; SNP ; atolls ; leafy vegetables ; non-communicable diseases (NCD) ; nutrition security ; mineral nutrients ; natural biofortification ; crop wild relatives ; biological features ; use ; local ; national and global efforts ; policy ; gene donors ; pre-breeding ; breeding ; cross-sectoral collaboration ; crop wild relatives (CWR) ; drylands ; Kitui county ; wild food plants ; Cyprus ; domestication ; microsatellites ; Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa ; Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris ; Fraxinus spp. ; manna ; local varieties nSSR ; cpSSR ; cytometry ; morphological traits ; documentation ; agricultural biodiversity ; wheat ; genome-wide association studies ; association mapping ; stripe rust ; anti-inflammatory activity ; antioxidants ; catechin ; Erodium crassifolium ; underutilized species ; agro-biodiversity ; centres of origin ; geographic distribution ; phylogenetic diversity ; useful plants ; Vavilov centres ; plant breeding ; climate change adaptation ; developing countries ; Punica protopunica Balf. ; Punica granatum L. ; Punica genera ; Lythraceae ; nitrogen fixation ; symbiosis ; bean ; landrace ; PPB ; participatory breeding ; climate resilient ; Honduras ; banana ; desiccation tolerance ; Musa ; Papua New Guinea ; seed conservation ; seed storage behaviour ; crop diversity ; drought tolerance ; genetic approaches ; neglected and underutilized species ; plant genetic resources for food and agriculture ; access and benefit sharing ; multilateral system ; CGIAR ; nutrition data ; multi-sectoral collaboration ; payment for ecosystem services ; payment for environmental services ; agrobiodiversity conservation ; agricultural adaptation ; clonal crops ; collection management ; cryobiotechnology ; cryopreservation ; field collections ; field maintenance ; germplasm storage ; in vitro conservation ; recalcitrant seeds ; genetic erosion ; ex situ and in situ conservation ; diversification ; sustainability ; food and nutrition security ; crop genetic resources ; diagnostics ; germplasm ; crop breeding ; pathogen ; pest ; Plant Treaty ; phytosanitary regulations ; transboundary pests ; invasive species ; prevention ; quarantine ; seed ; seed health ; virus indexing ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: At present, cyanobacteria and their toxins (also known as cyanotoxins) constitute a major threat for freshwater resources worldwide. Cyanotoxin occurrence in water bodies around the globe is constantly increasing, whereas emerging, less studied or completely new variants and congeners of various chemical classes of cyanotoxins, as well as their degradation/transformation products are often detected. In addition to planctic cyanobacteria, benthic cyanobacteria, in many cases, appear to be important toxin producers, although far less studied and more difficult to manage and control. This Special Issue highlights novel research results on the structural diversity of cyanotoxins from planktic and benthic cyanobacteria, as well as on their expanding global geographical spread in freshwaters.
    Keywords: Meiktila Lake ; Raphidiopsis ; Microcystis ; cylindrospermopsin ; deoxycylindrospermopsin ; microcystin ; cyanobacteria ; cyanopeptides ; harmful bloom ; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ; global natural product social networking (GNPS) ; dereplication strategy ; earthquakes ; harmful algal blooms ; sediment ; sediment cores ; co-occurrence ; toxicity ; plastics ; metals ; biocide ; anatoxin-a ; dihydroanatoxin-a ; Tychonema ; neurotoxicosis ; cyanotoxins ; macrophytes ; benthic ; tychoplanktic ; reservoir ; Maumee Bay ; Sandusky Bay ; Planktothrix ; anatoxin ; cyanotoxin detection ; harmful cyanobacterial blooms ; next-generation biomonitoring ; real-time PCR ; qPCR ; LC-MS/MS ; saxitoxin ; ESI-LC-MS/MS ; 16S rRNA phylogeny ; Azores ; eutrophication ; long term monitoring ; water quality ; microcystins ; anabaenopeptins ; microginins ; aeruginosins ; aeruginosamide ; SPE ; Lake Vegoritis ; deep-chlorophyll layers (DCLs) ; cyanobacterial toxins ; allelopathy ; bioactive metabolites ; hypoxia ; Georgian Bay ; peptide ; NRPS ; anabaenopeptin ; Synechococcus ; temperate lakes ; cyanotoxins (CTs) ; microcystins (MCs) ; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ; taste and odor (T&O) compounds ; SPE-LC-MS/MS ; HS-SPME-GC/MS ; LC–qTRAP MS/MS ; fragmentation spectra ; structure elucidation ; cyanobacterial metabolites ; Greek freshwaters ; planktonic cyanobacteria ; blooms ; monitoring ; analysis ; mass spectrometry ; Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) ; fish tissue ; shellfish ; detection methods ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the past, when elements in sructures were composed of perishable materials, such as wood, the maintenance of houses, bridges, etc., was considered of vital importance for their safe use and to preserve their efficiency. With the advent of materials such as reinforced concrete and steel, given their relatively long useful life, periodic and constant maintenance has often been considered a secondary concern. When it was realized that even for structures fabricated with these materials that the useful life has an end and that it was being approached, planning maintenance became an important and non-negligible aspect. Thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) was introduced, designed, and implemented as a multidisciplinary method. Computational mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of structures, electronics, sensors, and, recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are required, but it is also important to consider new materials, especially those with intrinsic self-diagnosis characteristics, and to use measurement and survey methods typical of modern geomatics, such as satellite surveys and highly sophisticated laser tools.
    Keywords: structural health monitoring ; jointless bridge ; high-speed railway ; bearing ; expansion device ; displacement analysis ; structural reliability estimation ; modal identification ; finite element model updating ; cyber-physical systems ; crowdsourcing ; temperature effects ; time-lag effect ; Fourier series expansion ; box-girder bridges ; structural engineering ; overall deformation monitoring ; perspective transformation ; edge detection ; close-range photogrammetry ; railway embankment ; condition assessment ; ground penetrating radar ; multi-attribute utility theory ; laser scanner ; line scanner ; structure monitoring ; deformation ; dynamic measurements ; scan-to-BIM ; point cloud ; HBIM ; FEM ; Rhinoceros ; terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) ; ground-based real aperture radar (GB-RAR) ; vibration frequency ; spectral analysis ; displacement ; structural health monitoring (SHM) ; vibration-based damage detection ; system identification ; subspace system identification (SSI) ; tie rod ; natural frequencies ; mode shapes ; root-mean-square error (RMSE) ; environmental monitoring ; long-range mapping ; MMS ; sub-millimetric EDM geodetic techniques ; damage detection ; damage localization ; hybrid approach ; neural network ; timber bridges ; stress-laminated timber decks ; monitoring ; humidity-temperature sensors ; wood moisture content ; multi-phase models ; finite element method ; moving load identification ; strain influence line ; load transverse distribution ; strain integral coefficient ; identification error ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on parrots, which are among the most fascinating, attractive, and threatened birds, combining and synthesizing recent research on the biology, ecology, and conservation of both native and non-native parrot populations across the world.
    Keywords: circovirus ; PBFD ; BFDV ; rose-ringed parakeet ; monk parakeet ; invasive species ; CRAVED ; conservation criminology ; defaunation ; harvesting ; wildlife trade ; parrot abundance ; pets ; poaching ; Savage selectivity index ; conservation management ; conservation threats ; drivers of extinction ; illegal wildlife trade ; parrot conservation ; Psittacidae conservation ; threatened species ; unsustainable use of wildlife ; eBird ; endangered species ; population survey ; roost counts ; Psittacidae ; reintroduction ; Allee effect ; population ; survival ; reproduction ; site fidelity ; flock cohesion ; Amazona lilacina ; mangrove ; dry forest ; local knowledge ; attitudes ; Lilacine Amazon ; red-fronted macaw ; Andes ; dynamic vegetation model ; biotic interactions ; climate change ; RCP2.6 ; RCP8.5 ; foster chicks ; chick starvation ; chick survival ; chick supplemental feeding ; avian brood manipulation ; wildlife management ; Scarlet Macaw ; Perú ; conservation actions ; literature review ; wildlife markets ; soft-release ; acclimatization ; monitoring ; Amazon ; dispersion ; algarrobo ; drylands ; High Monte ; parrots ; seed dispersal ; soft seed viability ; stomatochory ; conservation genetics ; genetic assignment tests ; probable geographic origin ; Military Macaw ; psittaciformes ; macaw ; conure ; parakeet ; reintroduction techniques ; hand-rearing ; pioneer flock ; training ; flocking ; predator evasion ; wild parrots ; Chlamydia psittaci ; Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1 ; avipoxvirus ; beak and feather disease virus ; cryptic species ; vocal variation ; parrot ; genetic differentiation ; open-ended learning ; Amazona farinosa ; bird abundance ; census ; bird density ; detectability ; distance sampling ; Psittaciformes ; genetic diversity ; demographic history ; population structure ; captive breeding ; blue-throated macaw ; thick-billed parrot ; naturalized parrots ; introduced species ; world parrot trade ; invasion biology ; Amazona ; species distribution models ; data integration models ; occupancy models ; citizen-science ; population size ; count data ; conservation ; ecology ; density ; endemism ; IUCN Red List ; CITES ; evolution ; genomics ; museomics ; Ara glaucogularis ; migration ; daily behavioral patterns ; Llanos de Moxos ; emerging infectious disease ; haplotypes ; viral diversification ; distribution ; environmental niche modelling ; research selection function ; psittacids ; state observation models ; captive populations ; glucocorticoids ; reproductive success ; seasonality ; Myiopsitta monachus ; home range ; sex ; age ; urbanization ; invasive alien species ; Circoviridae ; infectious disease ; surveillance ; viral infection ; vulnerable taxa ; wild populations ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The book is devoted to the design, application and characterization of thin films and structures, with special emphasis on optical applications. It comprises ten papers—five featured and five regular—authored by scientists all over the world. Diverse materials are studied and their possible applications are demonstrated and discussed—transparent conductive coatings and structures from ZnO doped with Al and Ga and Ti-doped SnO2, polymers and nanosized zeolite thin films for optical sensing, TiO2 with linear and nonlinear optical properties, organic diamagnetic materials, broadband optical coatings, CrWN glass molding coatings, and silicon on insulator waveguides.
    Keywords: faraday rotation ; thin films ; magneto-optics ; organic material ; tolane derivatives ; optical coatings ; monitoring ; deposition ; titanium dioxide ; optical constants ; two-photon absorption ; nonlinear refraction ; scattering ; laser-induced deflection ; absorption measurement ; CrWN coatings ; microstructure evolution ; spinodal decomposition ; thermal stability ; hardness ; plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering ; sidewall roughness ; optical scattering loss ; silicon-on-insulator waveguide ; multilayer ; ZnO ; Ag ; TCO ; transmittance ; structure ; resistance ; SnO2 ; Ti-doped ; annealing temperature ; electrical resistivity ; optical sensors ; optical materials ; zeolites ; ellipsometry ; single wavelength ellipsometry ; spectroscopic ellipsometry ; poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers ; humidity sensing ; Al-doped ZnO ; ALD technique ; transparent conductive layers ; LC display ; flexible PDLC devices ; transparent conductive coatings ; optical sensing ; broadband design ; linear and non-linear optical properties ; organic diamagnetic materials ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 64
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The present book contains ten articles illustrating the different possible uses of UAVs and satellite remotely sensed data integration in Geographical Information Systems to model and predict changes in both the natural and the human environment. It illustrates the powerful instruments given by modern geo-statistical methods, modeling, and visualization techniques. These methods are applied to Arctic, tropical and mid-latitude environments, agriculture, forest, wetlands, and aquatic environments, as well as further engineering-related problems. The present Special Issue gives a balanced view of the present state of the field of geoinformatics.
    Keywords: mosaicking ; urban image ; seamline determination ; deep learning ; D-LinkNet ; climate change ; evergreen plants ; extreme events ; flavonol and chlorophyll sensor (Dualex) ; greenness indices ; mosses ; near-remote sensing active and passive NDVI sensors ; Sentinel-2 ; subarctic vegetation damage ; crop growth ; reflectance saturation ; crop model ; assimilation ; crop growth stage ; method combinations ; sentinel-2A image ; UAV image ; remote sensing ; soil salinity ; Love/Shida numbers ; satellite laser ranging (SLR) ; Yarragadee station ; Mount Stromlo station ; LAGEOS ; STELLA ; STARLETTE satellites ; SLR stations coordinates ; ITRF2014 ; Lake Ladoga ; CMEMS GlobColour CHL-OC5 ; eutrophication ; water quality assessment ; pulp and paper mill ; ecological status ; phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a ; chemical wastewater pollution ; ArcGIS ; big data ; blueberries ; image analysis ; orthomosaics ; segmentation refinement ; UAVs ; HAPS ; UAV ; monitoring ; constrained multiple objective optimization ; temporal hierarchical task planning ; GNSS stations ; tectonic plate motion parameters ; ITRF ; vegetation monitoring ; drivers of deforestation ; Zambezi region ; land degradation ; vegetation cover change ; wildlife management ; TSS-RESTREND ; greening and browning ; MODIS ; Mann–Kendall ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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  • 65
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Energy storage currently plays an important role in the electricity systems. Innovative energy storage solutions will play an important role in ensuring the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grids in the European Union. Pumped storage hydropower systems are the most mature technology of energy storage and account for over 90% of installed energy storage capacity wordwide. However, PSH technology is constrained by topography and land availability in flat areas. In addition, PSH plants are controversial due to their impacts on landscape, land use and the environment. Conversely, underground energy storage systems may be an interesting alternative to increase the energy storage capacity with low envoronmental impacts.To help address and resolve these types of questions, this book is comprised of eleven chapters that explore new ways of energy stororage reducing the environmental impacts caused by the installation of conventional energy storage systems, as well as to increase the energy storage capacity and promote the use of disused underground space, such as abandoned mines and quiarries.The chapters included in this book cover a wide spectrum of issues related to underground energy storage systems. Advances in underground pumped storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy storage systems are presented. Finally, we would like to thank both the MDPI publishing and editorial staff for their excellent work and support, as well as the authors who collaborated with your interesting research works.
    Keywords: energy storage ; underground pumped storage ; economic feasibility ; ancillary services ; day-ahead market ; underground space ; mining structures ; underground reservoir ; empirical analysis ; numerical modelling ; hydropower plants ; hydrogen ; underground storage ; leakage ; monitoring ; protocol ; helium ; aquifer ; renewable energy ; hydropower ; mine ; groundwater ; environmental impacts ; efficiency ; wind energy ; photovoltaics ; wind curtailment ; mesoscale atmospheric model ; hydro-pumped storage ; abandoned mines ; underground reservoirs ; CAES ; analytical modelling ; sealing layer ; environmental impact ; hydrogen storage ; sealing liners ; Liner Rock Caverns ; epoxy resin ; hydrogen permeability ; exergy ; salt caverns ; pumped storage hydropower ; energy storage system ; quarry ; open pit ; hydrochemistry ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This reprint presents advances in operation and maintenance in solar plants, wind farms and microgrids. This compendium of scientific articles will help clarify the current advances in this subject, so it is expected that it will please the reader.
    Keywords: wind turbine ; electric generator ; spectral analysis ; fault diagnosis ; photovoltaic power forecasting ; data-driven ; deep learning ; variational autoencoders ; RNN ; angle swinging ; grid frequency oscillations ; electromechanical system ; inertial masses ; microgrids ; coordination protection ; distributed generation ; photovoltaic resources ; DigSILENT ; photovoltaic module ; defect detection ; power plant ; efficiency ; thermal image ; photovoltaic aging ; dark I-V curves ; bidirectional power inverter ; online distributed measurement of dark I-V curves ; sustainability ; compressive strength ; Bolomey formula ; sustainable concrete ; glass powder ; solar cell ; solar panel ; parameter extraction ; analytical ; Lambert W-function ; spacecraft solar panels ; I-V curve ; modeling ; wind power ; non-conventional renewable energy ; forecasting ; energy bands ; combinatorial optimization ; deep learning (DL) ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; photovoltaic (PV) systems ; image-processing ; image segmentation ; semantic segmentation ; faults diagnostic ; artificial intelligence ; unbalanced datasets ; synthetic data ; artificial neural network based MPPT ; hybrid boost converter ; renewable energies ; solar power system ; microgrid ; control system ; storage system ; primary control ; photovoltaic (PV) plants ; coverage path planning (CPP) ; corrosion monitoring ; FPGA ; offshore wind turbines ; ultrasound ; thickness loss ; SCADA ; visualisation ; software ; wind-turbine ; windfarm ; cross-platform ; HMI ; GUI ; corrosion ; monitoring ; photovoltaic systems ; expected energy models ; fleet-scale ; lasso regression ; performance modeling ; machine learning ; fault location in photovoltaic arrays ; failure modes simulation ; fault detection criterion ; adaptive protection ; distributed power generation ; power distribution ; power system protection ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The world’s transport network has developed over thousands of years; emerging from the need of allowing more comfortable trips to roman soldiers to the modern smooth roads enabling modern vehicles to travel at high speed and to allow heavy airplanes to take off and land safely. However, in the last two decades the world is changing very fast in terms of population growth, mobility and business trades creating greater traffic volumes and demand for minimal disruption to users, but also challenges, such as climate change and more extreme weather events. At the same time, technology development to allow a more sustainable transport sector continue apace. It is within this environment and in close consultation with key stakeholders, that this consortium developed the vision to achieve the paradigm shift to Sustainable Multifunctional Automated and Resilient Transport Infrastructures. SMARTI ETN is a training-through-research programme that empowered Europe by forming a new generation of multi-disciplinary professionals able to conceive the future of transport infrastructures and this Special Issue is a collection of some of the scientific work carried out within this context. Enjoy the read.
    Keywords: accelerated pavement testing (APT) ; fatigue ; piezoelectric sensor ; pavement responses ; longitudinal strain ; pavement management system ; embedded sensors ; piezoelectric sensors ; accelerated pavement testing ; life cycle assessment ; environmental impact ; solar road ; semi-transparent layer ; factorial design ; polyurethane ; road pavement distress ; low-cost technologies ; 3D models ; structure-from-motion ; semi-analytical model ; Joints ; rigid pavement ; falling weight deflectometer ; rolling wheel deflectometer ; load transfer ; monitoring ; instrumentation ; road pavement ; sensors ; mechanomutable asphalt materials ; MAMs ; smart materials ; smart roads ; magnetic fields ; pavement monitoring ; accelerometers ; geophones ; pavement instrumentation ; pavement displacement ; condition assessments ; smart infrastructure ; sustainability ; resilience ; land use optimisation ; transport ; geotechnical asset management ; embankment degradation ; railway track degradation ; maintenance ; Euler Bernoulli beam ; poissonian loading ; tuned mass damper ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: In August 2021, a questionnaire was sent to all those who had participated in the presentation meetings of the Integrated Digital Direct Internship Experimental Project (TDDI), a questionnaire to identify the objectives achieved. The survey was sent to 99 schools, 238 subjects including teachers, trainees and headteachers and to 18 university tutors of the Course of Studies in Primary Education at the University of Florence. The survey obtained 186 responses and allowed an initial evaluation of the results in relation to the target actually involved and informed of the experimental path. The focus is to detect the level of satisfaction of the subjects actually involved and to highlight how much TDDI can meet the expectations of school managers, teachers, students.
    Keywords: monitoring ; assessment ; satisfaction ; targets ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: Italian
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Team sports training are progressively growing, and thus challenging strength and conditioning coaches and head coaches. As part of a well-prepared training strategy, it is important to establish a functional relationship among fitness assessment, load, and well-being monitoring and readiness analysis to identify the consequences of training stimulus for players. Each of these topics has already been isolated in research; however, it is important to bridge the gap between them and establish a greater and more comprehensive approach among fitness adaptations, training monitoring, and specific interventions performed. This may help us to achieve a clearer view of the big picture in terms of the consequences for players, such as, considering their exposure to successful biological adaptations or less successful cases, including illness or injuries. As it is clear that more research should be performed on the relationship among these dimensions and topics, the aim of the Special Issue on "Fitness Assessment, Athlete’s Monitoring Cycle and Training Interventions in Team Sports" was to publish high-quality original investigations, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis in the research field of team sports. We have published 22 articles that cover the topics of performance assessment and relationships between fitness measures; training load monitoring, well-being, and readiness in team sports;training interventions; complementary strategies for performance (e.g., nutrition, supplementation, psychology, injury preventions, and recovery); and determinants of illness and injuries in players.
    Keywords: football ; load monitoring ; situational variables ; GPS ; sports science ; youth handball players′ characteristics ; RSA test ; anaerobic performance ; playing position characteristics ; asymmetry ; soccer ; strength ; youth ; muscles ; acceleration ; deceleration ; in-season ; non-starters ; pre-season ; starters ; training monotony ; training strain ; ball throwing ; hand size ; arm span ; motor performance ; stretch-shortening cycle ; additional weight ; ability-to-change-direction ; speed ; balance ; repeated change of direction ; autonomic nervous system ; cardiac autonomic ; vagal tone ; adolescents ; training load ; match analysis ; team sports performance ; exercise training ; velocity ; team sport performance ; injury risk screening ; athletes assessment ; landing error score system ; counter movement jump ; team sports ; statistical analysis ; correlation ; monitoring ; RPE ; heart rate ; beach handball ; youth athletes ; training interventions ; fitness assessment ; strength and conditioning ; female ; association football ; performance ; external load ; isoinertial training ; strength training ; vertical jump ; change of direction ability ; high-speed running ; match ; match result ; performance analysis ; technology ; inertial measurement units ; neuromuscular ; repeated jump ; max speed ; Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test ; muscle soreness ; maximal isometric contraction strength ; countermovement jump ; Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 ; soccer constraints ; small-sided games ; athletic performance ; sports training ; internal load ; body symmetry ; ski jumpers ; segmental phase angle ; visceral fat area ; BIA ; winter sports ; nutritional status ; soccer training ; s-RPE ; Hooper index ; match day ; match location ; physiology ; time motion ; notational analysis ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.
    Keywords: Personal Air Pollution Exposure (PAPE) ; air pollution monitoring ; IoT ; Air Quality Decision Support System ; health impact ; air pollution ; public concern ; air quality index ; Baidu index ; Shanghai ; air quality ; crowd-sensing ; crowd-sourced sensing ; environmental analysis ; pollution ; particulate matter ; dust sensor ; human exposure ; Arduino ; wireless networks ; oxides ; traffic ; state space ; milan ; area b ; cross validation ; policy intervention analysis ; counter-factual ; unobservable components ; PM2.5 ; population exposure ; tier-models ; health burden misclassification ; BenMap-CE ; tuberculosis ; infectious disease ; time-series ; Poisson regression ; kriging ; road dust ; PM10 emission factors ; enrichment index ; human health risk ; atmospheric aerosols ; bioaerosols ; culturable bacteria ; long-term trends ; hazard for human ; indoor air quality ; e-cigarettes ; heat-not-burn tobacco ; traditional smoking products ; tobacco smoke ; passenger cars ; lung inflammation ; allergy ; indoor pollutants ; biomarkers ; FeNO ; eosinophil ; neutrophil ; fine particulate matter ; economic growth ; urbanization ; industrialization ; Granger causality test ; air pollutants ; monitoring ; seasonality ; chemical characterization ; source apportionment ; particulate matters (PM) ; air purifier ; experiment ; real-time monitoring unit ; transfer unit ; occupant ; breathing zone ; cooking fuel ; household air pollution ; preterm births ; perinatal mortality ; low birth weight ; stillbirth ; Nigeria ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Antimicrobial resistance is a global One Health topic that affects us all, whether we are working in human or veterinary medicine. Although antibiotic use in farm animals is decreasing in many countries, other nations are still using these essential medical resources as growth promoters to boost economic gains. As veterinarians responsible for animal welfare, it is vital that we are permitted to treat sick animals effectively, but we must learn to be more prudent in our use of these drugs. It is essential that we, as responsible clinicians, policy makers, and researchers, develop methods of quantifying, monitoring, benchmarking, and reporting antibiotic use in both farm and companion animals, so that antimicrobial stewardship schemes can be implemented and their successes or failures analyzed. This Special Issue includes research on antibiotic use and resistance in a variety of animal species, covering cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and pets. The relationship between antimicrobial use and resistance in animals is investigated on a global scale, with authors from Austria, Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy, India, the Netherlands, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom.
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; antimicrobial resistance ; swine ; weaned piglet ; antibiotic growth promoters ; antibiotic ; antibiotic resistance ; livestock ; antibiotic use ; AMR ; MDR ; environment ; antimicrobial usage ; bovine ; India ; KAP survey ; veterinarians ; antimicrobial use ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; Timor-Leste ; antimicrobial ; veterinary ; prudent use ; critically important antimicrobials ; growth promotion ; poultry ; sheep ; beef cattle ; normalised resistance interpretation ; antimicrobial susceptibility testing ; tetracyclines ; farms ; turkeys ; farm ; antimicrobial resistance genes ; biosecurity ; risk factor ; metagenomics ; qPCR ; isolates ; neonatal calf diarrhea ; survey ; antibiotics ; HPCIA ; urinary tract infection ; Flexicult Vet ; pathogen identification ; dogs ; cats ; veterinary microbiology ; bovine respiratory disease ; multidrug-resistance ; Pasteurella multocida ; Mannheimia haemolytica ; Truperella pyogenes ; dairy farm ; E. coli ; calves ; enteritis ; serotypes ; virulence ; multidrug-resistant ; extensively drug-resistant ; dairy ; ESBL ; MRSA ; dog ; canine parvovirus ; Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 ; multidrug resistance ; One Health ; Enterobacteriaceae ; public awareness ; farmworkers ; chicken ; growth promoters ; Staphylococcus hyicus ; PFGE ; exudative epidermitis ; pigs ; monitoring ; carbapenems ; CPE ; meat-producing animal ; companion animal ; travelers ; feed ; risk assessment ; introduction risk ; stochastic risk model ; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ; CoNS ; quails ; broilers ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 72
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Different types of pressures, such as nutrients, micropollutants, microbes, nanoparticles, microplastics, or antibiotic-resistant genes, endanger the quality of water bodies. Evidence-based pollution control needs to be built on the three basic elements of water governance: Monitoring, modeling, and management. Monitoring sets the empirical basis by providing space- and time-dependent information on substance concentrations and loads, as well as driving boundary conditions for assessing water quality trends, water quality statuses, and providing necessary information for the calibration and validation of models. Modeling needs proper system understanding and helps to derive information for times and locations where no monitoring is done or possible. Possible applications are risk assessments for exceedance of quality standards, assessment of regionalized relevance of sources and pathways of pollution, effectiveness of measures, bundles of measures or policies, and assessment of future developments as scenarios or forecasts. Management relies on this information and translates it in a socioeconomic context into specific plans for implementation. Evaluation of success of management plans again includes well-defined monitoring strategies. This book provides an important overview in this context.
    Keywords: diffuse pollution ; field mapping ; storm drains ; Bayesian statistics ; distributed modelling ; PhosFate ; water quality ; analysis method ; chromaticity measurement ; surface fitting ; concentration of dissolved matter ; Copernicus Programme ; ACOLITE ; flooding ; quasi-real time monitoring ; inundation mapping ; suspended matter ; Spain ; cyanobacteria ; Microcystis aeruginosa ; water ; monitoring ; spectrophotometry ; derivative absorbance ; model evaluation ; nitrogen ; nutrient retention ; phosphorus ; sediment ; constructed wetland ; water resources management ; eutrophication ; unmanned surface vehicle ; water monitoring ; ensemble learning ; dynamic power management ; observational process ontology ; water quality monitoring ; water pollution alert ; semantic discovery ; water quality status ; sources and pathways ; land cover ; digital elevation model ; urban river ; ArcGIS ; modeling ; CSO ; urban drainage ; sewer system ; trace pollutants ; urban runoff ; concentration duration frequency curve ; MONERIS ; diffuse nutrient emission ; empirical modeling ; river basin management plan of Hungary ; effectiveness of measures ; scenarios and forecasts ; socioeconomic context ; sources and pathways of water pollution ; system understanding ; water governance ; water quality statuses and trends ; water pollution control ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The ditches and canals of Livorno, also called Fossi, are the most characterized elements the city, not only from a historical point of view, but also and above all from an urban landscape characterization point of view. Due to the overlapping of skills not yet resolved, fragmented information and data exist regarding the real extent of the pleasure craft, the status of the canals, the provision of services and general safety. The hypothesis is to succeed, through a multi-criteria assessment of scenarios, to support and quantify the displacement of vessels that negatively affect accessibility and the landscape of Livorno's Fossi system elsewhere.
    Keywords: Fossi ; accessibility ; scenario ; navigability ; relocatio ; monitoring
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  • 74
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: New information and knowledge are important aspects of innovation in modern farming systems. There is currently an abundance of digital and data-driven solutions that can potentially transform our food systems. At a time when the general public has concerns about how food is produced and the impact of farm production systems on the environment, strategies to increase public acceptance and the sustainability of food production are required more than ever. New tools and technology can provide timely insights into aspects such as nutrient profiles, the tracking of animal or plant wellbeing, and land-use options to enhance inputs and outputs associated with the farm business. Such solutions have the ultimate aim of enhancing production efficiency and contributing to the process of learning about the advantages of the innovation, while ensuring more sustainable food supplies. At the farm level, any new information needs to be in a useful format and beneficial for management and farm decision-making. The papers in this Special Issue evaluate agri-business innovation that can enhance farm-level decision-making.
    Keywords: dairy cows ; computer vision ; behaviors ; monitoring ; management ; behavior ; birth ; observations ; sheep ; proximal ; sensing ; LiDAR ; photogrammetry ; grasslands ; pastures ; Adversarial-VAE ; tomato leaf disease identification ; image generation ; convolutional neural network ; potato management ; tuber formation stage ; precipitation patterns ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The rapid growth of the world population has resulted in an exponential expansion of both urban and agricultural areas. Identifying and managing such earthly changes in an automatic way poses a worth-addressing challenge, in which remote sensing technology can have a fundamental role to answer—at least partially—such demands. The recent advent of cutting-edge processing facilities has fostered the adoption of deep learning architectures owing to their generalization capabilities. In this respect, it seems evident that the pace of deep learning in the remote sensing domain remains somewhat lagging behind that of its computer vision counterpart. This is due to the scarce availability of ground truth information in comparison with other computer vision domains. In this book, we aim at advancing the state of the art in linking deep learning methodologies with remote sensing image processing by collecting 20 contributions from different worldwide scientists and laboratories. The book presents a wide range of methodological advancements in the deep learning field that come with different applications in the remote sensing landscape such as wildfire and postdisaster damage detection, urban forest mapping, vine disease and pavement marking detection, desert road mapping, road and building outline extraction, vehicle and vessel detection, water identification, and text-to-image matching.
    Keywords: synthetic aperture radar ; despeckling ; multi-scale ; LSTM ; sub-pixel ; high-resolution remote sensing imagery ; road extraction ; machine learning ; DenseUNet ; scene classification ; lifting scheme ; convolution ; CNN ; image classification ; deep features ; hand-crafted features ; Sinkhorn loss ; remote sensing ; text image matching ; triplet networks ; EfficientNets ; LSTM network ; convolutional neural network ; water identification ; water index ; semantic segmentation ; high-resolution remote sensing image ; pixel-wise classification ; result correction ; conditional random field (CRF) ; satellite ; object detection ; neural networks ; single-shot ; deep learning ; global convolution network ; feature fusion ; depthwise atrous convolution ; high-resolution representations ; ISPRS vaihingen ; Landsat-8 ; faster region-based convolutional neural network (FRCNN) ; single-shot multibox detector (SSD) ; super-resolution ; remote sensing imagery ; edge enhancement ; satellites ; open-set domain adaptation ; adversarial learning ; min-max entropy ; pareto ranking ; SAR ; Sentinel–1 ; Open Street Map ; U–Net ; desert ; road ; infrastructure ; mapping ; monitoring ; deep convolutional networks ; outline extraction ; misalignments ; nearest feature selector ; hyperspectral image classification ; two stream residual network ; Batch Normalization ; plant disease detection ; precision agriculture ; UAV multispectral images ; orthophotos registration ; 3D information ; orthophotos segmentation ; wildfire detection ; convolutional neural networks ; densenet ; generative adversarial networks ; CycleGAN ; data augmentation ; pavement markings ; visibility ; framework ; urban forests ; OUDN algorithm ; object-based ; high spatial resolution remote sensing ; Generative Adversarial Networks ; post-disaster ; building damage assessment ; anomaly detection ; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) ; xBD ; feature engineering ; orthophoto ; unsupervised segmentation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The 8th International Symposium "Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas. Problems and Measurements Techniques" was organized by CNR-IBE in collaboration with FCS Foundation, and Natural History Museum of the Mediterranean and under the patronage of University of Florence, Accademia dei Geogofili, Tuscany Region and Livorno Province. It is the occasion in which scholars can illustrate and exchange their activities and innovative proposals, with common aims to promote actions to preserve coastal marine environment. Considering Symposium interdisciplinary nature, the Scientific Committee, underlining this holistic view of Nature, decided to celebrate Alexander von Humboldt; a nature scholar that proposed the organic and inorganic nature’s aspects as a single system. It represents a sign of continuity considering that in-presence Symposium could not be carried out due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Subjects are related to coastal topics: morphology; flora and fauna; energy production; management and integrated protection; geography and landscape, cultural heritage and environmental assets, legal and economic aspects.
    Keywords: coastal management ; coastal landscape ; interdisciplinary ; monitoring ; coastal evolution ; coastal ecosystem ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book is devoted to new developments in measurement technologies for upstream and downstream bioprocessing. The recent advances in biotechnology and bioprocessing have generated a number of new biological products that require more qualified analytical technologies for diverse process analytical needs. These includes especially fast and sensitive measurement technology that, early in the process train, can inform on critical process parameters related to process economy and product quality and that can facilitate ambitions of designing efficient integrated end-to-end bioprocesses. This book covers these topics as well as analytical monitoring methods based either on real-time or in-line sensor technology, on simple and compact bioanalytical devices, or on the use of advanced data prediction methods.
    Keywords: lactate biosensor ; enzyme electrode ; off-line monitoring ; screen-printing ; at-line measurement ; in-line monitoring ; cell viability ; prediction ; chromatogram fingerprinting ; filamentous fungi ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 ; HPLC-SEC ; AAV-adeno-associated virus ; insect cell-baculovirus ; cell culture monitoring ; digital holographic microscopy ; process analytical technology ; pH ; pCO2 ; off-gas measurement ; carbon dioxide ; cell culture ; reference ; CHO ; automated sampling ; bioprocess ; amino acids ; vitamins ; Raman spectroscopy ; mammalian cell culture ; high-throughput ; scale-down technologies ; cation exchange chromatography ; monitoring ; PAT ; IgG titer ; real-time ; on-line ; nanoplasmonic ; AAV—adeno-associated virus ; gene therapy ; dielectric spectroscopy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
    Keywords: rock bolt ; grouting quality ; dynamic response ; natural frequency ; finite element method ; monitoring ; historical masonry wall ; hygrothermal processes ; internal insulation ; testing of building materials ; test uncertainty ; validation of test methods ; sustainable test methods ; recycling ; foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) ; base layer ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; fatigue durability ; GFRP ; FRP reinforcement ; shear ; capacity ; reinforced concrete beams ; column ; stiffness ; FRCM ; PBO mesh ; PBO–FRCM ; carpentry joints ; scarf and splice joints ; stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) ; static behaviour ; experimental research ; concrete ; non-destructive testing ; ultrasounds ; ultrasonic tomography ; acoustic methods ; defects ; diagnostic ; detection ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; monitoring FBG ; power transmission tower ; civil engineering ; X-ray microtomography ; microstructure characteristics ; infiltration damage ; high-strength concrete ; steel fibres ; flexural tensile strength ; fracture energy ; numerical analysis ; concrete floors ; compressive strength ; strength distribution ; industrial floors ; ultrasound tests ; ventilated facades ; large-scale facade model ; fire safety ; fiber cement board ; large-slab ceramic tile ; plasterboards ; moisture content ; hydration processes ; mechanical properties ; ultrasound measurements ; ESD resin ; expansion joint ; quasi-plastic material ; energy absorption ; asphalt mix ; compaction index ; volumetric parameters ; stiffness modulus ; moisture resistance ; roughness ; texture ; close-range photogrammetry ; bond strength ; random field generation ; semivariograms ; hybrid truss bridge ; steel–concrete connection joint ; mechanical behavior ; failure mode ; strain ; static test ; static elastic modulus ; dynamic elastic modulus ; machine learning ; P-wave ; S-wave ; resonance frequency test ; nondestructive method ; Al–Ti laminate ; fracture ; acoustic emission diagnostic ; pattern recognition ; clustering AE signal ; storage systems ; tab connector ; flexural test ; capable design moment ; restrained ring test ; autogenous shrinkage cracking ; concrete cracking test ; concrete shrinkage cracking test ; restrined ring calibration ; cement–fiber boards ; acoustic emission method ; k-means algorithm ; wavelet analysis ; fiber composites ; ground penetrating radar (GPR) ; HMA dielectric constant ; road pavement thickness estimation ; early age concrete ; damage processes detection before loading ; strength of structures ; aggregate ; classification ; wire mesh ; roundness ; tilting angle ; opening size ; concrete centrifugation ; morphology ; image processing ; porosity ; cement ; waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) ; controlled low-strength material (CLSM) ; unconfined compressive strength ; bearing capacity ; backfill material ; P-wave velocity ; amplitude attenuation ; resistivity ; CT scan ; sandstone ; damage variable ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; spin-lattice relaxometry ; proton ; hydration kinetics ; superplasticizer ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction material ; quality assessment ; conformity criteria ; statistical-fuzzy method ; FRTP ; rivet ; connection ; polyethylene pipe ; mechanical properties of polyethylene ; resistance strain ; computer simulation ; residual shear stress ; particle crushing ; ring shear test ; particle flow code (PFC2D) ; frictional work ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; recycled steel fibres ; micro-computed tomography ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile strength ; reinforced concrete ; diagnostic testing ; corrosion ; carbonation ; galvanostatic pulse method ; phase composition analysis ; X-ray analysis ; thermal analysis ; quasi-brittle cement composites ; low-module polypropylene fibres ; elastic range ; digital image correlation ; Arcan shear test ; wood ; orthotropic shear modulus ; elastic-plastic material ; shear wave velocity ; sand ; bender elements test ; grain-size characteristics ; complex modulus ; shrinkage analysis ; reclaimed asphalt ; mineral–cement emulsion mixtures ; cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) ; degradation of glass panels ; effective area ratio ; relative mass loss ; visible light transmittance ; windblown sand ; wood-plastic composites ; methods of testing resistance to fungi ; methods of assessment ; ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ; non-destructive techniques (NDT) ; corrosion of reinforcement ; slip resistance ; granite floor ; slip resistance value ; ramp test ; acceptance angle ; sliding friction coefficient ; comparability of test methods ; wall temperature ; fibre bragg grating sensors ; freeze-thaw cycles ; signal analysis ; short-time Fourier transform ; fast Fourier transform ; brine ; sodium chloride ; X-ray ; partition walls ; brick walls ; bending strength ; cracking ; post-tension ; cable ; girder ; destructive test ; non-destructive test ; structural health monitoring ; safety ; monitoring fibre Bragg grating ; mining areas ; strain/stress distribution ; geopolymer concrete ; fly-ash ; bottom-ash ; neural network ; sustainability ; industrial waste management ; flexural strength ; cladding ; AE acoustic emission ; micro-events ; sound spectrum ; traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites ; residual-state creep ; saturation front ; landslides ; erosional stability ; laboratory testing ; grout mixtures ; groundwater ; test apparatus ; testing ; building materials ; elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The concept of resilience has arisen as a “new way of thinking”, becoming a response to both the causes and effects of ongoing global challenges. As it strongly stresses cities’ transformative potential, resilience’s final purpose is to prevent and manage unforeseen events and improve communities’ environmental and social quality. Although the resilience theory has been investigated in depth, several methodological challenges remain, mainly related to the concept’s practical sphere. As a matter of fact, resilience is commonly criticised for being too ambiguous and empty of meaning. At the same time, turning resilience into practice is not easy to do. This will arguably be one of the most impactful global issues for future research on resilience. The Special Issue “Bridging the Gap: The Measure of Urban Resilience” falls under this heading, and it seeks to synthesise state-of-the-art knowledge of theories and practices on measuring resilience. The Special Issue collected 11 papers that address the following questions: “What are the theoretical perspectives of measuring urban resilience? What are the existing methods for measuring urban resilience? What are the main features that a technique for measuring urban resilience needs to have? What is the role of measuring urban resilience in operationalising cities’ ability to adapt, recover and benefit from shocks?”
    Keywords: urban resilience ; spatial planning ; vulnerability ; measuring ; mapping ; decision-making ; multi-risk ; flood ; fire ; indicators ; regional resilience ; adaptive capacity ; sectoral industry composition ; urban vs. inner areas ; green infrastructure ; resilience ; sustainability ; social-ecological indicators ; indicator ; monitoring ; climate change ; climate adaptation ; n/a ; dynamic models ; decision making ; scenario planning ; energetic resilience ; solar radiation ; geographic information system ; land use planning ; urban regulation ; urban energy resilience ; buildings energy balance ; urban hourly model ; residential buildings ; urban variables ; place-based analysis ; community resilience ; systematic overview ; resilience modelling ; knowledge representation ; resilience assessment ; information visualisation ; walkability ; walkability measure ; quantitative ; qualitative and mixed models and methods ; urban planning ; public space ; shift-share analysis ; employment dynamics ; sector composition ; metro-regions ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Power converters and electric machines represent essential components in all fields of electrical engineering. In fact, we are heading towards a future where energy will be more and more electrical: electrical vehicles, electrical motors, renewables, storage systems are now widespread. The ongoing energy transition poses new challenges for interfacing and integrating different power systems. The constraints of space, weight, reliability, performance, and autonomy for the electric system have increased the attention of scientific research in order to find more and more appropriate technological solutions. In this context, power converters and electric machines assume a key role in enabling higher performance of electrical power conversion. Consequently, the design and control of power converters and electric machines shall be developed accordingly to the requirements of the specific application, thus leading to more specialized solutions, with the aim of enhancing the reliability, fault tolerance, and flexibility of the next generation power systems.
    Keywords: power systems for renewable energy ; fault-tolerant photovoltaic inverter ; islanding detection ; energy storage system ; DC/AC converter ; voltage-source ; multilevel inverter ; PV systems ; neutral point clamped inverter ; flying capacitor inverter ; cascaded inverter ; renewable energy systems ; ultra-fast chargers ; input-series input-parallel output-series output-parallel multimodule converter ; cross feedback output current sharing ; reflex charging ; digital twin ; doubly-fed induction generator, electrical machines ; finite elements method ; monitoring ; real-time ; wound rotor induction machine ; subsynchronous control interaction ; super-twisting sliding mode ; variable-gain ; doubly fed induction generator ; photovoltaic system ; grid ; sliding mode control ; synergetic control ; fractional-order control ; converter–machine association ; direct drive machine ; Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine ; synchronous generator ; wind energy system for domestic applications ; renewable energy ; adaptive ; fuzzy ; feedback linearization ; photovoltaic (PV) grid inverter ; voltage source inverter (VSI) ; doubly-fed induction generator ; wind power system ; sensorless control ; full order observer ; field oriented control ; grid connected system ; lithium batteries ; los minimization ; Modular Multilevel Converters ; optimization methods ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Achieving the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires accurate, consistent and cost-efficient data. The papers in this book set out some of the frontiers regarding the use of Earth Observation (EO) data derived from satellites to help populate sustainable development indicators. It sets out the current challenges and opportunities in the field along with some case studies from around the world illustrating applications, such as exploring the use of EO for tracking SDG indicators using population grids to assessing resilience to extreme events such as flooding. Likewise, it covers diverse approaches that offer insights and guidance on environmental land management, desertification and support for evaluating education from space.
    Keywords: earth observation ; end-users ; environmental management ; land use ; Brazil ; Sustainable Development Goals ; hazards ; Earth observations ; remote sensing ; demography ; urbanization ; gridded population ; very high resolution satellite data ; habitat suitability ; habitat assessment ; Environmental Land Management ; monitoring ; verification ; reporting ; soil organic carbon ; soil organic matter ; Earth Observation ; SDGs ; indicator type ; data challenges ; UN sustainable development goals ; education ; socio-economic ; overcrowded schools ; vulnerability ; flooding ; Earth Observation (EO) ; Google Street View (GSV) ; climate change ; uncertainty evaluation ; desertification ; global change ; Earth observation ; planetary measurement ; Land Degradation Neutrality ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The scope of the contributions to this book will be to present new and original research papers based on MPHIE, MHD, and MDPDE, as well as test statistics based on these estimators from a theoretical and applied point of view in different statistical problems with special emphasis on robustness. Manuscripts given solutions to different statistical problems as model selection criteria based on divergence measures or in statistics for high-dimensional data with divergence measures as loss function are considered. Reviews making emphasis in the most recent state-of-the art in relation to the solution of statistical problems base on divergence measures are also presented.
    Keywords: classification ; Bayes error rate ; Henze–Penrose divergence ; Friedman–Rafsky test statistic ; convergence rates ; bias and variance trade-off ; concentration bounds ; minimal spanning trees ; composite likelihood ; composite minimum density power divergence estimators ; model selection ; minimum pseudodistance estimation ; Robustness ; estimation of α ; monitoring ; numerical minimization ; S-estimation ; Tukey’s biweight ; integer-valued time series ; one-parameter exponential family ; minimum density power divergence estimator ; density power divergence ; robust change point test ; Galton-Watson branching processes with immigration ; Hellinger integrals ; power divergences ; Kullback-Leibler information distance/divergence ; relative entropy ; Renyi divergences ; epidemiology ; COVID-19 pandemic ; Bayesian decision making ; INARCH(1) model ; GLM model ; Bhattacharyya coefficient/distance ; time series of counts ; INGARCH model ; SPC ; CUSUM monitoring ; MDPDE ; contingency tables ; disparity ; mixed-scale data ; pearson residuals ; residual adjustment function ; robustness ; statistical distances ; Hellinger distance ; large deviations ; divergence measures ; rare event probabilities ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, microwave sensing and imaging have acquired an ever-growing importance in several applicative fields, such as non-destructive evaluations in industry and civil engineering, subsurface prospection, security, and biomedical imaging. Indeed, microwave techniques allow, in principle, for information to be obtained directly regarding the physical parameters of the inspected targets (dielectric properties, shape, etc.) by using safe electromagnetic radiations and cost-effective systems. Consequently, a great deal of research activity has recently been devoted to the development of efficient/reliable measurement systems, which are effective data processing algorithms that can be used to solve the underlying electromagnetic inverse scattering problem, and efficient forward solvers to model electromagnetic interactions. Within this framework, this Special Issue aims to provide some insights into recent microwave sensing and imaging systems and techniques.
    Keywords: MW magnetic field ; axial ratio ; polarization ; NV center ; two-dimensional radar imaging ; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar ; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) ; imaging plane calibration algorithm (IPCA) ; microwave tomography ; stroke detection ; DBIM ; linearized inverse scattering ; microwave imaging ; orbital angular momentum ; born approximation ; rytov approximation ; brain stroke ; monitoring ; antenna array ; electromagnetic scattering ; buried objects ; through-wall radar ; inverse scattering ; breast ; multipath ; dynamic range ; software defined radio ; leakage ; frequency-dimension scale ; terahertz ; measurements ; differential imaging ; numerical optimization ; block system inversion ; trade-off analysis ; medical MEMS ; wireless power transfer ; microwave ; thermography ; field illustration ; permittivity ; radar imaging ; target detection ; experimental measurements ; imaging ; wave propagation ; beam summation methods ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: A short book about different issues in optical technologies. The importance of optical technologies for artwork charaterization is well known, in this book we show some examples where different optical technologies are applied in real cultural heritage artworks.
    Keywords: digital archaeology ; image classification ; stratigraphy ; landscape archaeology ; sediment analysis ; spectroscopy ; proximal sensing ; porcelain ; enamels ; China ; 18th century ; Raman microspectroscopy ; pXRF ; pigments ; arsenic ; cobalt ; Naples yellow ; Dzi bead ; agate ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray fluorescence ; X-ray absorption near edge structure ; X-ray imaging ; colour ; art ; visual ; accommodation ; binocular vision ; silver nanostars ; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; cross-sections ; copper phthalocyanine ; blue pigment ; analytical diagnostics ; National Gallery of Parma ; Madonna della Misericordia ; pigment identification ; preliminary drawing ; gilding ; Byzantine ; projection mapping ; calibration ; lighting ; cultural heritage ; light damage ; colour difference ; ageing ; monitoring ; imaging spectroscopy ; spectral imaging ; exhibitions ; preventive ; quantitative ; books ; paper ; conservation ; archive ; library ; art conservation ; spectral optimization ; color quality ; LEDs ; light intensity ; illuminance ; exposure ; energy efficiency ; damage ; daguerreotype ; tarnish ; chemical cleaning ; electrocleaning ; synchrotron ; X-ray fluorescence imaging ; non-invasive investigations ; portable/reflectance spectroscopy ; portable Raman spectroscopy ; lead antimonate ; enamel blue ; caput mortuum ; hyperspectral imaging ; 18th century painting ; FORS ; XRF ; photogrammetry ; workflow ; Alhambra’s Tower of the Captive ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Erosion is experienced by most coastlines worldwide, and it is usually attributed not only to sea level rise but also to the retention of sand in dams, the occupation of dry beaches by urbanized areas, the mining of sand as a building material for construction, and so on. Beach nourishment has evolved as the favored erosion-mitigation strategy in many areas of the world. The increasing number of people living on the coast, the safety of those people, and the high values of coastal properties are all factors that have made beach nourishment a cost-effective strategy for managing erosion in many locations. However, a new scenario of sand scarcity and environmental care has arisen in recent decades. There have been many different and interesting cases of various aspects of beach nourishment in recent years. The purpose of this invited Special Issue is to publish the most exciting experience and research with respect to this topic. Thus, novel techniques for designing, executing, and controlling these kinds of works as well as different case studies and their monitoring results and conclusions have been included, in order to present an updated state of the art for marine scientists, researchers, and engineers.
    Keywords: key coastal erosion ; sediment budget ; fill stability ; colour compatibility ; beach nourishment ; beach restoration ; ecosystem management ; substrate ; reproductive habitat ; human impacts ; beach-spawning fishes ; essential fish habitat ; visualisation ; erosion ; modelling ; stakeholders ; sand engine ; XBeach ; shore protection ; perched beaches ; monitoring ; cost ; volume density ; geologically controlled beach ; Cancun beach ; coastal erosion ; hurricane damage ; beach nourishment assessment ; beach profile imbalance ; beach evaluation ; multidata approach ; sedimentary dynamics ; outfall ; marine geophysics ; magnetic method ; Colombian Caribbean ; DIMAR ; CIOH ; UAV ; RPAS ; littoral systems ; aerial photogrammetry ; DTM ; SfM ; GCPs ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book brings together a total of six papers in an interdisciplinary way at the border of natural disasters and cultural heritage. There is a need for studying and documenting cultural heritage in Arctic landscapes, as these are the most affected by climate change. Remote sensing represents a powerful tool in the monitoring, management and safeguarding of cultural heritage. Sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List should receive more attention from both geoscientists and social scientists. Urbanization has a short- and long-lasting effect on the conservation of cultural heritage.
    Keywords: cultural heritage ; frequency ratio ; AUC ; predictive modelling ; GIS ; Kvamme’s Gain ; north-eastern Romania ; coastal erosion ; shoreline ; monitoring ; geomorphological mapping ; Svalbard ; DSAS ; high Arctic ; muqarnas ; Alhambra ; graphic analysis ; drawings ; 3D laser scanner ; historical images ; UNESCO ; Spain ; erosion ; Beothuk ; GRASS ; photogrammetry ; UAV ; Newfoundland ; remote sensing ; Earth observation ; satellite imagery ; multi-temporal analysis ; urban heat island ; persistent scatterer interferometry ; long-term monitoring ; cultural heritage assessment ; Alba Iulia (Apulum) ; LiDAR ; satellite image ; aerial image ; High North ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The main objective of this Special Issue is to contribute in understanding and provide science-based knowledge, new ideas/approaches and solutions in sustainable river management, to improve water management policies and practices following different environmental requirements aspects.
    Keywords: flood frequency ; rainfall-runoff model ; river-based tourism ; reservoir regulation ; water availability ; climate variability ; land use change ; flood hazard zone ; EBA4SUB model ; FLO-2D ; Mike11 ; dynamic flow releases ; flow regime ; hydrological methods ; Indicators of Hydrological Alteration ; river health ; artificial intelligence ; Ganga ; groundwater ; Hindon ; statistical indicators ; Uttar Pradesh ; bottom sediments ; soil core ; levee ; stability analysis ; geosynthetics ; dykes ; levees ; protection ; reinforcement ; stabilization ; drainage ; erosion control ; barriers ; emission reductions ; climate change ; hydro-economic water allocation ; optimal water allocation ; risk analysis ; water supply ; the Thames ; ecosystem ; pollution ; biodiversity ; non-native species ; ecosystem management ; remediation ; restoration ; monitoring ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Tribology has been and continues to be one of the most relevant fields, being present in almost all aspects of our lives. The understanding of tribology provides us with solutions for future technical challenges. At the root of all advances made so far are multitudes of precise experiments and an increasing number of advanced computer simulations across different scales and multiple physical disciplines. Based upon this sound and data-rich foundation, advanced data handling, analysis and learning methods can be developed and employed to expand existing knowledge. Therefore, modern machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) methods provide opportunities to explore the complex processes in tribological systems and to classify or quantify their behavior in an efficient or even real-time way. Thus, their potential also goes beyond purely academic aspects into actual industrial applications. To help pave the way, this article collection aimed to present the latest research on ML or AI approaches for solving tribology-related issues generating true added value beyond just buzzwords. In this sense, this Special Issue can support researchers in identifying initial selections and best practice solutions for ML in tribology.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; tribology ; condition monitoring ; semi-supervised learning ; random forest classifier ; self-lubricating journal bearings ; reduced order modelling ; dynamic friction ; rubber seal applications ; tensor decomposition ; laser surface texturing ; texturing during moulding ; digital twin ; PINN ; reynolds equation ; triboinformatics ; databases ; data mining ; meta-modeling ; monitoring ; analysis ; prediction ; optimization ; fault data generation ; Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) ; Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) ; bearing fault diagnosis ; unbalanced datasets ; tribo-testing ; tribo-informatics ; natural language processing ; tribAIn ; BERT ; amorphous carbon coatings ; UHWMPE ; total knee replacement ; Gaussian processes ; rolling bearing dynamics ; cage instability ; regression ; neural networks ; random forest ; gradient boosting ; evolutionary algorithms ; rolling bearings ; remaining useful life ; feature engineering ; structure-borne sound ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The term “algae” refers to a large diversity of unrelated phylogenetic entities, ranging from picoplanktonic cells to macroalgal kelps. Marine algae are an important primary producer in the marine food chain, responsible for the high primary production of coastal areas, providing food resources in situ for many grazing species of gastropods, peracarid crustaceans, sea urchins or fish. Recent findings indicate that marine environments have rapidly changed due to global warming over the past several decades. This change has led to significant variations in marine algal ecology. For example, a long-term increase in ocean temperatures due to global warming has facilitated the intensification of harmful algal blooms, which adversely impact public health, aquatic organisms, and aquaculture industries. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted, but there is still a gap in our understanding of the variation in their ecology in accordance with future marine environmental changes. To fill this gap, studies on the taxonomy and ecology of marine algae are highly necessary. We have invited algologists to submit research articles that enable us to advance our understanding of the taxonomy and ecology of marine algae. Fourteen papers have been collected so far, which cover different aspects of the taxonomy and ecology of marine algae, including understudied species, interspecific comparisons, and new techniques.
    Keywords: Ulva prolifera ; Bacillus sp. ; allelopathy ; photosynthetic system ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; antioxidative system ; Chlorella vulgaris ; cold-tolerant ; PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) ; calorific value ; Cystoseira ; algal cartography ; abrasion platforms ; SE Mediterranean ; phylogeny supertree ; DNA sequencing ; harmful algal blooms ; brown tide ; life history ; Aureococcus anophagefferens ; resting stage cell ; Karlodinium ; trophic modes ; phagotrophy ; mixotrophy ; Scrippsiella ; resting cyst ; intercalary plate ; precingular plate ; ribotype ; Tetraselmis suecica ; associated bacterial community ; free-living bacteria ; particle associated bacteria ; Bacillus nitratireducens ; fermentation broth ; polyaluminum chloride coagulation (PAC) ; Gymnodinium catenatum ; cysts ; sub-fossil diatom ; sediment ; Suncheonman Bay ; new record ; Bysmatrum ; cyst ; eyespot ; morphology ; lagoon ; new record diatoms ; taxonomic ; ecological ; habitat ; Acrochaetioid ; Colaconema formosanum ; COI-5P ; Endophytic alga ; Nemaliophycidae ; rbcL ; taxonomy ; harmful algae ; molecular detection ; monitoring ; Jeju coastal waters ; Changjiang ; southwestern Yellow Sea ; outbreak mechanisms ; wind anomaly ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The essential principles of green chemistry are the use of renewable raw materials, highly efficient catalysts and green solvents linked with energy efficiency and process optimization in real-time. Experts from different fields show, how to examine all levels from the molecular elementary steps up to the design and operation of an entire plant for developing novel and efficient production processes.
    Keywords: Process Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Technical Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The second book in the new collection Karstology in Development Challenges in the Karst brings together the findings obtained in planning and construction of motorways in the Karst. More than 350 new caves were opened up in the final wave of construction. This was followed by studies on arranging karstic features for tourism and their management. We also selected studies on karstic ecology, in which we made use of biological and microbiological research. At the end there is a summary of everything we need to take into account in planning different encroachments in karstic areas.
    Description: V drugi knjigi serije Krasoslovje v razvojnih izzivih na krasu so zbrani izsledki, pridobljeni pri načrtovanju in gradnji avtocest na krasu. Več kot 350 novih jam se je odprlo v zadnjem valu gradnje. Sledijo študije o urejanju kraških pojavov za turizem in njihovem upravljanju. Izbrali smo tudi študije o kraški ekologiji, pri katerih smo si pomagali z biološkimi in mikrobiološkimi raziskavami. Na koncu pa je povzetek vsega, kar moramo upoštevati pri načrtovanju različnih posegov na krasu.
    Keywords: aquifers ; collective volume ; groundwater ; groundwaters ; hydrogeology ; Karst ; karst (geology) ; karstic aquifers ; karstic waters ; karstology ; legislation ; monitoring ; pollution ; Slovenia ; water pollution ; water resources ; hidrogeologija ; Kras ; kras (geologija) ; kraške vode ; kraški vodonosniki ; krasoslovje ; onesnaževanje ; onesnaževanje voda ; podtalnica ; podzemne vode ; Slovenija ; vodni viri ; vodonosniki ; zakonodaja ; zborniki ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DX Southeast Europe::1DXV Slovenia ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGD Geomorphology and geological surface processes ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKF Limnology (inland waters)
    Language: English , Slovenian
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Significant progress has been made in the last few years that has expanded the knowledge of landslide processes. It is, therefore, necessary to summarize, share and disseminate the latest knowledge and expertise. This Special Issue brings together novel research focused on landslide monitoring, modelling and data analysis.
    Keywords: landslide susceptibility assessment ; geographically weighted regression ; spatial non-stationary ; spatial proximity ; slope unit ; multitemporal DEM ; control factors ; susceptibility assessment ; LRM ; historical landslide events ; unsaturated soil ; capillary barrier ; multi-layer slope ; slope failure ; coastal landslides ; mass rock creep ; coastal cliffs ; land surface analysis ; data analysis ; Conero promontory ; slow-moving landslide ; landslide monitoring ; time-series analysis ; San Andrés Landslide ; El Hierro ; Canary Islands ; large-scale landslide model experiment ; soil–water characteristic curve ; Bayesian updating ; Markov chain Monte Carlo ; artificial neural networks ; object-based image analysis ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; digital elevation model ; InSAR ; landslide ; landslide-dammed lake ; river ; Iceland ; rockfill ; ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar ; construction ; cross-sectional area of equal displacement body ; landslide warning method ; data mining ; landslide detection ; landslide inventory ; Typhoon Morakot ; Global Positioning System (GPS) ; disaster prevention monitoring ; disaster mitigation ; monitoring ; landslides ; photogrammetry ; global positioning system ; in-hole wire extensometer ; DInSAR ; GBSAR ; landslide susceptibility ; ranking ; cross validation ; prediction model ; prediction pattern ; target pattern ; uncertainty pattern ; airborne electromagnetics ; physical-based modeling ; tropical volcanic environment ; La Martinique ; modelling ; susceptibility ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Savannas and woodlands are one of the most challenging targets for remote sensing. This book provides a current snapshot of the geographical focus and application of the latest sensors and sensor combinations in savannas and woodlands. It includes feature articles on terrestrial laser scanning and on the application of remote sensing to characterization of vegetation dynamics in the Mato Grosso, Cerrado and Caatinga of Brazil. It also contains studies focussed on savannas in Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. It should be important reading for environmental practitioners and scientists globally who are concerned with the sustainability of the global savanna and woodland biome.
    Keywords: Savanna ; alternative stable states ; MODIS VCF ; land surface temperature ; albedo ; Cerrado ; Amazon ; vegetation type ; optical ; sar ; synergism ; mapping ; savanna ; post oak ; vegetation index ; ecosystem function ; phenology ; encroachment ; evergreen ; deciduous ; vegetation ; grassland ; fractional cover ; trend ; ecoregion ; bare soil ; livestock ; production systems ; remote sensing ; vegetation dynamics ; vegetation persistence ; conservation ; savannas ; Africa ; vegetation indices ; oak-grass savanna ; hydrology ; Sentinel-2 ; land cover ; grasslands ; forests ; monitoring ; random forest ; spectral indexes ; vegetation seasonality ; aboveground biomass ; Cerrado ecosystem ; SAR ; allometry ; biomass ; carbon ; cost-effective ; LiDAR ; TLS ; plant water availability ; tree phenology ; phenocams ; MODIS ; terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) ; Above Ground Biomass (AGB) ; 3D point cloud ; vegetation structure ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation activities account for approximately 20 percent of all carbon dioxide (co2) emissions globally, making the transportation sector a major contributor to the current global warming. This book focuses on the latest advances in technologies aiming at the sustainable future transportation of people and goods. A reduction in burning fossil fuel and technological transitions are the main approaches toward sustainable future transportation. Particular attention is given to automobile technological transitions, bike sharing systems, supply chain digitalization, and transport performance monitoring and optimization, among others.
    Keywords: ANOVA-test ; clickbait news ; feature selection ; social network ; taxi demand ; forecasting ; multi-source data ; generative adversarial networks ; container ship traffic flow ; volatility ; generalized Hurst exponents ; long-range dependence ; multifractality ; city buses ; semi-Markov processes ; preventive maintenance ; corrective maintenance ; age-replacement ; minimal repair ; perfect repair ; profit per time unit ; availability ; railway transport ; passengers ; sustainable travel ; ARTIW method ; IHAMCI method ; MCDM ; facial recognition technology ; e-biker ; red-light running behavior ; privacy invasion ; content replacement ; content placement ; content-centric networking ; cache networks ; immaturity ; stretch reduction ; mineral exploration ; natural gamma-ray spectrometry ; ASTER ; fuzzy logic modelling ; Kelâat M’Gouna inlier ; Eastern Anti-Atlas ; Morocco ; collision avoidance ; fuzzy logic ; on board driver assistance ; semi-autonomous ; multi-factor ; VANET ; COVID-19 ; bike sharing system ; urban mobility ; regression analysis ; green transport ; continuous descent approach ; optimized profile descent ; climate change ; terminal maneuvering area ; environmental impact ; applied queueing theory ; air traffic management ; air transportation sustainability ; electric vehicle powertrain ; multispeed discrete transmission ; continuously variable transmission ; two-motors configuration ; four-motors configuration ; border crossings ; sentiments ; personal vehicles ; pedestrians ; US–Mexico ; Google Trends ; digitalization ; BPM ; business process model ; artificial intelligence ; big data ; virtual reality ; internet of things ; cloud computing ; digital security ; additive engineering ; smart cities ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; strategy ; monitoring ; transport equity ; distributional analysis ; accessibility ; space-time model ; transport policy ; OFDM ; LDACS ; aeronautical communication ; impulse noise ; pulse blanking ; ROAD statistics ; location planning ; vehicle scheduling ; electric buses ; charging stations ; partial charging ; human-machine interaction ; scenarios ; use cases ; remote operation ; highly automated vehicles ; user-centered design ; remote assistance ; remote driving ; bike-sharing system (BSS) ; mode choice ; stated choice experiment ; multinomial logit model ; transport demand model ; technological transitions ; automobiles ; system dynamics ; dynamical systems ; bifurcations ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue (SI) discusses the topic of Disaster Risk Management and its cornerstones: vulnerability reduction and resilience building. The focus of the SI is the impact of risk information, communication and representation, risk knowledge as related to science and practice, risk perception and awareness, and risk culture on multi-faceted vulnerability and several aspects of resilience.
    Keywords: disaster risk ; vulnerability ; monitoring ; risk assessment ; disaster management ; UN-ISDR ; SDGs ; telluric risks ; climate-related risks ; risk awareness ; risk management ; volcanic islands ; alternative action organizations ; environmental activism ; solidarity ; Europe ; crisis ; sustainability ; alternative consumerism ; alternative lifestyles ; action organization analysis ; exposure ; systemic vulnerability ; risk-sensitive spatial development ; multi-risk ; seismic crisis ; seismic emergency information and communication ; uncertainty ; risk perception ; governance culture ; Greece ; Japan ; seismic risk management ; disaster risk awareness ; migrants ; disaster preparedness ; earthquake ; flood ; Italy ; Turkey ; Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis ; AHP ; GIS ; flood-hazard ; Megalo Rema ; Eastern Attica ; elderly ; pandemic ; corpus-assisted discourse studies ; media coverage ; compromise ; disaster risk reduction (DRR) ; motor of change ; setting priorities ; strategic focus ; teleology ; fire prevention ; fire statistics ; forest fires ; public participation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Building sector requires a conspicuous considerable amount of energy for services related to annual air-conditioning and the thermal comfort of indoor spaces. The design of highly efficient low-energy buildings is often a challenging task, especially in the mediterranean area, where the balanced requirement for heating and cooling energy does not usually permit a high level of envelope insulation in order to avoid summer overheating. This topical Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to “High Efficient Buildings in Mediterranean Area: Challenges and Perspectives” and collects studies related to the assessment and evaluation of systems and technologies for building energy management and control in the Mediterranean climate, with the aim of optimizing the building–plant system and reducing energy use. This collection of papers presents the latest research results related to the topic; these articles offer valuable insights into the energy simulation of highly efficient buildings, propose innovative envelope solutions, such as green roofs, Trombe walls, and PCM, and investigate the use of renewable sources such as photovoltaic systems. The topics also include the innovative use and control of Venetian blinds and fixed solar shades in order to reduce energy consumption and preserve visual comfort, as well as an interesting economic analysis based on the cost-optimal approach.
    Keywords: nZEB ; photovoltaics ; geothermal energy system ; energy storage units ; energy transactions ; life cycle cost assessment ; payback period ; building design ; cost-optimal analysis ; BEopt ; economic projections ; smart solar shading ; energy saving ; venetian blinds ; trombe wall ; experimental analysis ; solar gains ; PCM thermal storage ; bioclimatic strategy ; traditional constructive technology ; wine vinification ; energetic retrofit ; shading systems ; multi-objective optimization ; energy savings ; visual comfort ; renewable energy sources ; PV systems configurations ; energy storage ; net present value ; emission reduction ; weather data ; typical weather year ; building energy simulations ; residential building ; energy demand ; energy efficiency policy ; nearly zero energy building ; Positive Energy Building ; energy performance of buildings ; thermal behaviour ; thermal dynamic simulation ; prefabricated buildings ; SUPRIM ; EnergyPlus ; building energy performance ; phase change materials ; green roof ; measurements ; thermal behavior ; monitoring ; dynamic model ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical manufacturing are strongly influenced by the process analytical technology initiative (PAT) and quality by design (QbD) methodologies, which are designed to enhance the understanding of more integrated processes. The major aim of this effort can be summarized as developing a mechanistic understanding of a wide range of process steps, including the development of technologies to perform online measurements and real-time control and optimization. Furthermore, minimization of the number of empirical experiments and the model-assisted exploration of the process design space are targeted. Even if tremendous progress has been achieved so far, there is still work to be carried out in order to realize the full potential of the process systems engineering toolbox. Within this reprint, an overview of cutting-edge developments of process systems engineering for biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes is given, including model-based process design, Digital Twins, computer-aided process understanding, process development and optimization, and monitoring and control of bioprocesses. The biopharmaceutical processes addressed focus on the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals, mainly by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, as well as adeno-associated virus production and generation of cell spheroids for cell therapies.
    Keywords: clonal cell population ; phenotypic diversity ; inoculum train ; uncertainty-based ; cell culture model ; biopharmaceutical manufacturing ; Escherichia coli ; hybrid modeling ; machine learning ; model-assisted DoE ; quality by design ; upstream bioprocessing ; surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ; bioprocess ; monitoring ; biosensor ; quality by design (QbD) ; process analytical technology (PAT) ; biotherapeutics production ; vaccines production ; CHO DP-12 ; computational fluid dynamics ; bioreactor characterization ; hydrodynamic gradients ; process development ; critical shear stress ; Kolmogorov length scale ; operational space ; sensors ; cell culture ; spectroscopy ; PAT ; smart biomanufacturing ; soft-sensor ; Adeno-associated virus ; transfection ; PEI ; continuous ; gene therapy ; microcarriers ; bioreactor ; transient expression ; spheroid strength ; β-cells ; diabetes ; shear stress-guided production ; hydrodynamic stress ; Gaussian processes ; Bayes optimization ; Pareto optimization ; multi-objective ; seed train ; Chinese hamster ovary cells ; cryopreservation ; monoclonal antibodies ; N−1 perfusion ; process intensification ; upstream processing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book reports recent advances on Process Monitoring (PM) to cope with the many challenges raised by the new production systems, sensors and “extreme data” conditions that emerged with Industry 4.0. Concepts such as digital-twins and deep learning are brought to the PM arena, pushing forward the capabilities of existing methodologies to handle more complex scenarios. The evolution of classical paradigms such as Latent Variable modeling, Six Sigma and FMEA are also covered. Applications span a wide range of domains such as microelectronics, semiconductors, chemicals, materials, agriculture, as well as the monitoring of rotating equipment, combustion systems and membrane separation processes.
    Keywords: spatial-temporal data ; pasting process ; process image ; convolutional neural network ; Industry 4.0 ; auto machine learning ; failure mode effects analysis ; risk priority number ; rolling bearing ; condition monitoring ; classification ; OPTICS ; statistical process control ; control chart pattern ; disruptions ; disruption management ; fault diagnosis ; construction industry ; plaster production ; neural networks ; decision support systems ; expert systems ; failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) ; discriminant analysis ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; load identification ; membrane ; data reconciliation ; real-time ; online ; monitoring ; Six Sigma ; multivariate data analysis ; latent variables models ; PCA ; PLS ; high-dimensional data ; statistical process monitoring ; artificial generation of variability ; data augmentation ; quality prediction ; continuous casting ; multiscale ; time series classification ; imbalanced data ; combustion ; optical sensors ; spectroscopy measurements ; signal detection ; digital processing ; principal component analysis ; curve resolution ; data mining ; semiconductor manufacturing ; quality control ; yield improvement ; fault detection ; process control ; multi-phase residual recursive model ; multi-mode model ; process monitoring ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Foodborne pathogens represent a major burden on society as they are the cause of high numbers of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths each year. In addition to their detrimental impact on human health, these microorganisms, which include pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and a range of parasites, also represent a significant economic cost to food companies in the implementation and constant oversight of food hygiene and safety programs, product recalls, and potential litigation if outbreaks occur. Advancing our current knowledge of the food processing chain and its vulnerabilities to the many factors related to foodborne pathogens (e.g., their stress response, survival and persistence in processing environments, acquisition of virulence factors and antimicrobial drug resistance) is paramount to the development of effective strategies for early detection and control of pathogens, thereby improving food safety.This Special Issue compiled original research articles contributing to a better understanding of the impact of all aspects of foodborne pathogens on food safety.
    Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes ; growth potential ; ready-to-eat ; iceberg lettuce ; rocket ; spinach ; rucola ; arugula ; antimicrobial blue light ; pathogenic bacteria ; food-borne bacteria ; endogenous photosensitizers ; porphyrins ; food safety ; food handling ; food hygiene ; Salmonella ; Salmonellosis ; foodborne illness ; whole papaya ; Salmonella Typhimurium ; survival ; aqueous chlorine dioxide ; malic acid ; shelf-life ; Listeria spp. ; prevalence ; detection ; monitoring ; smear ; benzalkonium chloride ; thymol ; ampicillin ; sublethal antimicrobial exposure ; gene expression ; stress response ; virulence ; foodborne pathogen ; salmonellosis ; chicken ; antibiotic resistance ; microbial contamination ; multidrug-resistant bacteria ; milk alternatives ; Salmonella Enteritidis ; egg white ; AcrD ; stress resistance ; cell invasion ; pathogenic mechanism ; foodborne bacteria ; in vitro cell models ; organoids ; enteroids ; Bacillus cereus group ; chromogenic media ; performance testing ; toxin gene profiling ; panC sequencing ; food-borne salmonellosis ; multi-drug resistance ; invasion genes bacterial virulence ; poultry bio-mapping ; chemical interventions ; Salmonella enumeration ; Campylobacter enumeration ; bacteriophage ; endolysin ; amidase ; bionanoparticles ; BNPs ; enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ; yogurt ; quantitative microbial risk assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Due to innovation in technology, a new type of patient has been created, the e-patient, characterized by the use of electronic communication tools and commitment to participate in their own care. The extent to which the world of digital health has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely recognized. Remote medicine has become part of the new normal for patients and clinicians, introducing innovative care delivery models that are likely to endure even if the pendulum swings back to some degree in a post-COVID age. The development of digital applications and remote communication technologies for patients with multiple sclerosis has increased rapidly in recent years. For patients, eHealth apps have been shown to improve outcomes and increase access to care, disease information, and support. For HCPs, eHealth technology may facilitate the assessment of clinical disability, analysis of lab and imaging data, and remote monitoring of patient symptoms, adverse events, and outcomes. It may allow time optimization and more timely intervention than is possible with scheduled face-to-face visits. The way we measure the impact of MS on daily life has remained relatively unchanged for decades, and is heavily reliant on clinic visits that may only occur once or twice each year.These benefits are important because multiple sclerosis requires ongoing monitoring, assessment, and management.The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the state of knowledge and expertise in the field of eHealth technology applied to multiple sclerosis, from clinical evaluation to patient education.
    Keywords: multiple sclerosis ; digital health ; eHealth ; intervention ; patient management ; chronic disease ; disease management ; Patient Reported Outcomes ; e-health ; app ; communication ; digital tools ; patient empowerment ; health information seeking ; user-centered design ; patient portal ; master’s program ; education ; multiple sclerosis management ; Dresden International University ; digitization ; icompanion ; icobrain ; digital health technology ; mobile application ; patient reported outcomes ; magnetic resonance imaging ; mHealth ; telemonitoring ; longitudinal assessment ; rehabilitation ; fatigue ; walking ; cognition ; software as a medical device ; participatory health ; monitoring ; smartphone-based assessments ; clinical validation ; technical validation ; MS apps ; digital health solution development ; digital biomarkers ; AI ; (early) Health Technology Assessment ; home monitoring ; MS disease activity ; MS disease progression ; early detection ; disease modelling ; digital therapeutics ; gait analysis ; mobility ; digital tools and applications ; precision medicine ; personalized therapy ; big data ; digital twin ; relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; brain MRI analysis software ; non-evidence of disease activity (NEDA) ; Markov model ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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