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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue reprint highlights seventy years since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1952 by Russian scientists LV Radushkevich and VM Lukyanovich in what was then the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the USSR. It also reflects the popularization by the well-known Japanese scientist S Iijima, since 1991, of carbon nanostructures, including CNTs, towards nanotechnology as a forever impactful and inspiring field. For researchers, academics, and teachers of all levels, from novice to expert to guru, the articles contained within this Special Issue are themed around sustainability from nanotechnology, pertaining to diameter measurement, rotor system molecular simulation, ultra-high tensile strength, energy, filtration via membrane distillation, environmental remediation using adsorption, ionic liquids as curing agents, biosensors and bioinspired sensors, and electrical/mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The CNT is a legacy 1D nanomaterial, only after which was 2D graphene able to emerge. This is a global and mixed-country authorship Special Issue, with this reprint containing articles from Canada, Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, Spain, India, Japan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the USA, Germany, Turkiye, and Malaysia. The Guest Editor is from Singapore and began publishing critical work on the CNT-polymer interface towards the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite up to 20 years ago.
    Keywords: CNTs ; MWCNTs ; SWCNTs ; polymer composite ; mechanical performance ; flexible capacitive sensors ; bioinspired spinosum ; CNT/PDMS nanocomposite ; tires ; transmission system ; carbon nanotube (CNT) ; hydroxyl groups ; response speed ; energy dissipation ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nanotube fibers ; tensile strength ; defect control ; controlled preparation ; dielectric polymer composites ; permittivity ; polymer nanocomposite ; electrical conductivity ; mixing ; polymer blends ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; carbon nanotube ; filler migration ; polyethylene ; lead ; arsenic ; adsorption ; poly(amidoamine) ; silver nanoparticles ; biosensor ; virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; toxicity ; biocompatibility ; electrospinning ; electrospraying ; nanomaterials ; nanostructured membrane ; nanocomposites ; seawater desalination ; temperature polarization ; flux ; solar energy ; dye degradation ; surface plasmon resonance effect ; TiO2/rGO/Ag ; hybrid nanostructures ; phosphorus ; encapsulation ; lithium-ion batteries ; atomic force microscopy ; diameter ; nanometrology ; epoxy resin ; ionic liquid ; nanocomposite ; curing agent ; dispersing agent ; mechanical properties ; lap shear ; conductivity ; melt-mixing ; polymer composites ; SWCNT ; PMMA ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: With the development of modern society, environmental pollution and energy shortages have become the focus of attention worldwide. Most of the global energy supplies are generated from fossil fuel, which gives rise to environmental pollution and climate change. Photocatalysis technology, which can directly convert solar energy into high value-added fuel and chemical materials or degrade a wide range of organic pollutants into easily degradable intermediates or less toxic small molecular substances, is regarded as one of the most important ways to solve the global energy shortage and environmental pollution problem. This Special Issue focuses on advanced photocatalytic materials, including but not limited to photocatalytic materials for the treatment of indoor air, photocatalytic bacterial inactivation, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, photocatalytic oxygen evolution, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalytic hazardous pollutant removal, the photothermal decomposition of pollutants, photoelectrochemical water splitting, etc. This Special Issue provides a platform for scientists to present their original research on “Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Environmental and Energy Applications”.
    Keywords: PbBiO2I microspheres ; CQDs ; ionic liquid ; charge separation ; interface ; polycrystalline silicon ; solar cells ; low-high-low ; phosphorus diffusion ; semiconductor ; photocatalysis ; indoor air treatment ; volatile organic compounds ; microorganism ; photocatalyst ; type-II heterojunction ; carrier separation ; photodegradation ; phase engineering ; water splitting ; CO2 reduction ; pollutant degradation ; MoS2 ; SnS2 ; composite catalyst ; visible light degradation ; thermo-photocatalysis ; nickel foam ; Ni-doped TiO2 ; acetaldehyde decomposition ; zinc oxide ; Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model ; methylene blue ; titanium dioxide ; anodization ; self-doping ; cocatalyst ; Mo2C ; phosphorus ; doped ; g-C3N4 ; photocatalytic ; mixture of pollutants ; coupling system ; plasma ; synergetic effect ; mineralization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue “Innovative Conservation Cropping Systems and Practices” is focused on the development and assessment of innovative conservation cropping systems and practices in determining system productivity and enhancing crop production and soil quality. It covers applied engineering for achieving a sustainable balance between productivity, environmental, and profitability factors, presenting a collection of research articles that cover a broad range of cropping systems and practices from the farmland ecosystem.
    Keywords: straw management ; potassium fertilizer ; rice–oilseed rape rotation ; yield ; bacterial community ; fungal community ; rice ; intercropping ; water mimosa ; pest and disease ; microclimate ; grain quality ; maize ; root system architecture ; nitrogen rates ; cultivars ; phytoremediation ; secondary salinization ; salt tolerance ; microbial diversity ; nutrient accumulation ; conservation tillage ; metabarcoding ; smash ridging ; soil chemical properties ; soil microbial diversity ; sugarcane ; coastal salt-affected soil ; one-crop-per-annum cropping ; fallow mulching ; salt accumulation ; crop growing ; nitrogen rate ; nitrogen ratio ; regenerative ability ; reduced tillage ; no tillage ; side deep fertilizing of machine-transplanted rice ; root function ; photosynthesis ; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ; integrated fertilization regime ; N2O emission factor ; N2O flux ; purple caitai fields ; C:N ratio ; net ecosystem exchange ; soil microbial carbon ; soil microbial nitrogen ; rice production ; CH4 ; N2O ; water productivity ; global warming ; interspecific competition ; land equivalent ratio ; planting pattern ; root length density ; root morphological characteristics ; biochar ; maize–cabbage system ; crop quality ; N utilization efficiency ; soil inorganic N ; straw returning ; soil microbes ; carbon source utilization ; grey relational analysis ; path analysis ; ratoon rice ; nitrogen balance ; reactive nitrogen losses ; nitrogen surplus ; nitrogen-use efficiency ; no-till ; straw return ; soil organic carbon fractions ; soil aggregate ; bacterial diversity ; rice–crayfish coculture ; different rice varieties ; controlled-release fertilizer ; dry matter accumulation ; rice growth characteristics parameters ; apple-ryegrass intercropping ; photosynthetic characteristics ; soil salinity ; soil moisture content ; fruit quality ; lake sediment ; phosphorus ; Chinese cabbage ; phoD gene ; high-throughput sequencing ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The continuous and widespread deterioration of lake water quality and eutrophication is not only a local problem, but also a global phenomenon. It is not only destroying, or at least limiting, the valuable water resources for daily life, but threatening the water security of sustainable social development. More importantly, along with the rapid accumulation of the alga, including novel hypertoxic viruses and new toxic chemicals, as well as other organic compounds, these stressors threaten aquatic life, biodiversity and endanger our health.This Special Issue highlights and discusses major threats to Plateau Lakes water quality, and provides an update on both lake current status, as well as future challenges. Lake problems, such as pollution and eutrophication, require that we quantify how serious the situation is, identify the probable causes, and recommend how to control the pollution in order to restore and protect water quality. More importantly, this Special Issue stresses the need to manage the lakes and the watershed under a unified approach.
    Keywords: external loading ; internal loading ; water quality ; tributary ; Lake Xingyun ; Lake Chenghai ; Yunnan ; water quality parameters ; seasonality ; spatial heterogeneity ; La-modified material ; macrophyte ; sediments ; phosphorus ; eutrophication ; particulate organic matter (POM) ; carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ; source tracing ; ecosystem degradation ; Caohai Lake ; middle reach of the Jinsha River ; cascade hydropower development ; regression discontinuity analysis ; Lake Lugu ; thermal stratification ; seasonal changes ; Lake Qilu ; seasonal variation ; water temperature ; dissolved oxygen ; chlorophyll-a ; pH ; turbidity ; plateau lake ; nutrient limitation transformation ; nutrient threshold ; alkaline lake ; phytoplankton blooms ; Lake Yangzong ; temporal and spatial variations ; cyanophyte relative quantity index ; nutrient reduction ; n/a ; Lake Yilong ; spatial-temporal variations ; anthropogenic activities ; Lake Erhai ; temperature ; Chl-a ; nutrient elements ; heavy metal elements ; spatiotemporal characteristics ; entropy method-fuzzy evaluation method ; principal component analysis ; spatial variation ; temporal variation ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: Laurus nobilis ; medicinal plant ; mobile genomic elements ; germplasm characterization ; Mediterranean region ; chloroplast ; Ipomoea batatas ; simple sequence repeat ; sweet potato ; plant germplasm ; landrace rice ; fat-soluble nutraceuticals ; β-sitosterol ; genetic variability ; cluster analysis ; Solanum melongena ; germplasm ; Greece ; islands ; mainland ; phenotyping ; genotyping ; mineral composition ; landraces ; genetic diversity ; genetic structure ; Panax ginseng ; Triticum turgidum ; HMW glutenins ; LMW glutenins ; gluten quality ; non-allelic interactions ; combined analysis ; evolution ; genetic resources ; Zea mays ; Blumeria graminis ; disomic addition line ; molecular cytogenetics ; wheat ; Psathyrostachys huashanica ; natural variation ; maize ; root length ; domestication selection ; ZmMADS60 gene ; genetic basis ; GWAS ; eating and cooking qualities ; rice ; genetic variation ; eggplant ; cropping condition ; yield ; agro-morphological characterization ; chili pepper ; gene bank ; molecular markers ; morphological descriptor ; DArTseq markers ; GBS ; Triticum aestivum ; starch ; SNP ; InDel ; CAPS ; intron-loss ; NGS ; phosphorus use efficiency ; phosphorus ; proteomics ; grain hardness ; PIN ; kernel texture ; triticum ; SKCS ; Cucumis sativum ; downy mildew ; genetics ; inheritance ; oomycetes ; resistance ; rice genotypes ; blast resistant genotype ; genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ; phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ; heritability values ; DArT SNP markers ; early maturity ; heat and drought tolerance ; salt stress ; nitrogen metabolism ; oxidative stress response ; G6PDH ; GDH ; GS/GOGAT ; Triticum aestivum L. ; γ-gliadins ; Gli-B1 ; polymorphism ; PCR analysis ; ginseng ; genetic composition ; SSR ; fonio ; fonio millet ; white fonio ; Digitaria exilis ; agro morphological descriptors ; phenotypic diversity ; neglected and underutilized species (NUS) ; genetic improvement ; catechin ; phytochemicals ; targeted-oriented core collection ; tea germplasm ; agronomic performance ; correlation analysis ; malawi ; pigeonpea ; yield stability ; bermudagrass ; forage breeding ; genetic parameters ; genotype by harvest interaction ; Tifton 85 ; accessions ; descriptors ; anthracnose ; Colletotrichum lentis ; disease screening ; lentil ; plant resistance ; tall wild pea ; Pisum sativum subsp. elatius ; neoplasm ; pea weevil ; Bruchus pisorum ; expressivity ; Africa ; cowpea ; microsatellites ; Aegilops ; triticale ; leaf rust ; stripe rust ; yellow rust ; Puccinia ; drought ; Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; plant breeding ; rhizobia ; stress ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: As an important unit operation, crystallization is a process in which nucleation, growth, agglomeration, and breakage are regulated to produce high-quality crystals and achieve efficient separation as well as purification. Since a crystallization process often presents the characteristics of strong coupling, nonlinearity, and large lagging, it is a challenge to rationally design a robust, well-characterized process to efficiently crystallize and prepare a high-quality crystalline product. The development of process analytical technology that can provide fast and accurate inline or online measurement is of great importance in the design and control of crystallization processes. Simulation technology, e.g., molecular dynamics simulation and hydrodynamics simulation, can provide time- or location-dependent insight into the process on multiple scales. These experimental and simulation tools can greatly help to further investigate crystallization processes. This Special Issue served to provide a platform for researchers to report results and findings in crystallization process technologies, simulation and process analytical technologies, and relevant crystallization studies.
    Keywords: crystals ; metal-organic frameworks ; Cu(II) ion ; 2D layer ; structural evolvement ; electronic polysilicon ; flow field ; temperature field ; boundary layer ; coupled furnaces ; florfenicol ; solubility ; binary solvent system ; cosolvency ; correlation model ; nanocrystals ; combinative technology ; aqueous solubility ; stability ; dissolution rate ; nucleation ; growth ; mesoscale ; precursor ; EMMS model ; vanadium pentoxide ; cathode ; doping ; rate performance ; crystal image analysis ; deep learning ; size measurement ; crystal growth rate ; silicon single crystals ; floating zone ; effective segregation coefficient ; numerical modelling ; Czochralski growth ; silicon ; crucible ; oxygen concentration ; calcium carbonate ; foreign salts ; antiscalants ; crystallization ; struvite ; fertilizer ; phosphorus ; ammonium ; wastewater ; stirring ; turbulence ; alumina hydrate ; boehmite ; ammonioalunite ; evolutionary process ; reaction crystallization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This Special Issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies. The use of these tools allows for the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, the minimization of water and energy usage, and the improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. This Special Issue aims not only to provide an understanding of smart agriculture but to also inspire the reader to think about the future of agriculture and the ways in which modern food production methods can be improved.
    Keywords: recirculating aquaculture system ; variable-flow regulation model ; circulating pump-drum filter linkage working technique ; machine learning methods ; gene algorithm support vector machine ; controlled environment agriculture ; digital twin ; productivity ; architecture ; optimization ; NDVI ; image processing ; SURF ; SIFT ; SVM ; BP algorithm ; performance ; sweet pepper ; deep neural network ; sprouts ; stimulation with a pulsed magnetic field ; micro and macro components ; ICP-OES ; ground pressure ; paddy soil ; seeding skateboard ; internet of things ; wireless measurement system ; calcium ; magnesium ; phosphorus ; potassium ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; sodium ; zinc ; wild leafy vegetables ; real-time kinematic (RTK) ; precision agriculture ; ISO standard ; global positioning system (GPS) ; GLONASS ; agricultural tractor ; Korean ginseng ; root-rot-disease ; plant segmentation ; deep learning ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; convolutional neural network ; corn insect ; electrical fields ; magnetic fields ; high-voltage electric field ; growth of fruits ; ripening of fruits ; shelf life of fruits ; fungicide resistance ; PCR ; broad-spectrum fungicides ; Fusarium solani ; toxicity ; asymmetric machine-tractor unit ; motion ; stability ; resistance coefficients ; amplitude-frequency characteristic ; phase-frequency characteristic ; quality parameters ; firmness ; total soluble solid ; titratable acidity ; dry matter ; respiration rate ; apple fruit ; model predictive control ; energy management system ; renewable energy ; smart irrigation ; agriculture 4.0 ; maize bulk ; kernel breakage ; vertical pressure ; deformation ; heat production ; sustainable ; agriculture ; rural ; mobile internet technology ; bivariate probit model ; agricultural modernization ; Pakistan ; wheat ; smart ; Zea mays ; stalk diseases ; crop rotation ; stubble ; suppressive soils ; biomass combustion ; broadleaved tree ; pulsed electric field ; calorific value ; UV-C radiation ; stress response ; mechanical properties ; stimulation ; potato tuber ; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; terminal velocity ; winnowing machine separation ; chili pepper harvester ; water and fertilizer integration ; pH adjustment ; BP-PID-Smith algorithm ; estimated compensation ; convolutional neural networks ; MATLAB ; hybrid system ; mobile application ; aeration ; airflow resistance ; pore volume ; semi-empirical modelling ; self-compaction ; spatial and temporal ; energy ; environmental contamination ; lettuce ; life cycle assessment ; winter wheat ; leaf greenness index (SPAD) ; protein ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen ; smart agriculture ; weed management ; crop productivity ; computer vision ; analytical procedure ; forklift truck ; interchangeable equipment ; static stability assessment ; typical meteorological sequence ; typical meteorological week ; wastewater treatment ; high-rate algae pond ; solar irradiance ; Finkelstein-Schafer statistics ; southern rice ; threshing loss ; fuzzy PID ; adaptive algorithm ; hilly mountainous areas ; rapeseed pod ; surface area measurement ; 3-D measurement ; side area of oblique cylinders ; rapeseed pod seed testing machine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Duckweed (Lemnaceae) represents a small aquatic monocot plant family presently composed of 36 species. These plants gained importance in recent decades for their applications in wastewater purification, as animal food or human nutrition, as well as for energy production. This Reprint presents 39 manuscripts published in the Special Issue “Duckweed: Research meets applications” of the journal Plants. We provide an overview of the present state of the art of duckweed research in taxonomy of the family, phytoremediation, accumulation of protein or starch, interaction with microorganisms, and phytomonitoring of toxic compounds. This Special Issue also invited the participants of the 6th International Conference on Duckweed Research and Applications (ICDRAs) held in Gatersleben, Germany, organised on behalf of the International Steering Committee on Duckweed Research and Applications (ISCDRAs). This Reprint is organised as follows:1. Introduction; 2. Molecular Characterization and Taxonomy; 3. Phytoremediation: Wastewater; 4. Applications: Accumulation of Protein or Starch; 5. Interaction with Microorganisms; 6. Physiology and Phytomonitoring.The manuscripts were organised by the Guest Editors Viktor Oláh (University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary), Klaus-J. Appenroth (Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany), and K. Sowjanya Sree (Central University Kerala, Periye, India).
    Keywords: Lemnaceae ; remediation ; feed safety ; mineral supplements ; accumulation ; agricultural wastewater ; nutrient recovery ; biosynthesis inhibitor ; duckweed ; occurrence ; overcome ; phytohormones ; wastewater ; density ; surface cover ; circular economy ; lemna ; amino acids ; biomass production ; cultivation ; nutrient medium ; uptake ; water lentils ; yield ; Wolffia sp. ; space plant biology ; astrobiology ; bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) ; biomass ; aquatic plants ; Araceae ; duckweeds ; Lemnoideae ; molecular phylogenetics ; taxonomy ; chlorophyll fluorescence imaging ; PAM fluorometry ; duckweed test ; Spirodela polyrhiza ; phytotoxicity ; hormesis ; interspecific hybrids ; tubulin-based polymorphism ; β-tubulin ; nitrogen assimilation ; nitrate reductase ; nitrite reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; GOGAT ; gene expression ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; electron transport chain ; inflammation ; lutein ; photosystem ; photosynthetic capacity ; relative growth rate ; duckweed-associated bacteria ; Microbacterium ; Azospirillum ; auxin ; AXR1 ; Arabidopsis ; amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) ; biodiversity ; intraspecific diversity ; Lemna minor ; population analysis ; Wolffiella hyalina ; red/blue ratio ; standardized production ; light quality ; light quantity ; controlled environment ; sustainable fish feed ; alternative proteins ; on-growing phase ; barcoding ; chloroplast DNA ; molecular evolution ; aquaponics ; steroid 17β-estradiol ; Scenedesmus quadricauda ; Lemna minor ; fish wastewater ; population growth ; biomolecule synthesis ; machine learning ; image analysis ; machine training ; Lemna ; phytoremediation ; chromosome number ; evolution ; genome size ; karyotype ; microbiome ; 16S rRNA ; metagenome ; stress ; adhesion ; aquatic ; biomonitoring ; microplastics ; microbeads ; anaerobic digestate ; biomass generation ; genotyping ; intraspecific variation ; aquaculture effluents ; IMTA ; RAS ; phytoplankton ; bacteria ; Lemnacea ; alternative protein ; water recovery ; continuous systems ; giant duckweed ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; great pond snail ; microbiota ; adaptation ; herbivory ; tolerance ; resistance ; fatty acids ; DNA barcoding ; diversity ; biogeography ; nitrogen content ; protein concentration ; migration ; heavy metal ; metallothionein ; metal accumulation ; ionomics ; ICP-OES ; micro-XRF ; poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) ; free-floating plant ; freshwater ; microplastic adsorption ; phytotoxic effect ; chronic impact ; manganese toxicity ; ammonium transporter ; transcription factors ; Spirodela ; water pollutants ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; heavy metals ; agrochemicals wastewater remediation ; plant-microbe interactions ; plant-bacteria associations ; bacterial colonization ; RISA ; Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 ; Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 ; strain-specific primers ; bead-beating ; starch accumulation ; AtPSP1 overexpression ; sulfur deficiency ; Lemna turionifera 5511 ; whole genome sequencing ; abiotic stress management ; biotic stress management ; abiotic stress ; biotic stress ; turion ; Lemna gibba ; polyploidisation ; spontaneous mutation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The availability of fresh water of good or high quality is essential for the health of people, animals and the environment. The monitoring and modelling of water resources are therefore strategic for achieving a sustainable and inclusive society. This reprint hosts research and review papers featuring different approaches ranging from engineering and environmental sciences (hydrology, ecotoxicology and remote sensing) to economic disciplines (environmental and circular economy). Contributions may be of interest to both researchers and environmental managers.
    Keywords: water supply system ; risk analysis ; risk management ; safety of water supply ; water supply network ; failures ; risk maps ; Epanet ; Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) ; cascade dams ; river regime ; suspended sediment transport ; dissolved load transport ; nutrient transport ; Brda river ; subtropical coastal zone ; waste treatment ; ocean dumping ; antiretrovirals ; predicted environmental concentration ; ecotoxicology ; risk assessment ; pollution effects ; circular economy (CE) ; monitoring ; indicators ; economic indicators ; water ; wastewater ; terrestrial evaporation ; components ; Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) ; increasing trends ; spatial–temporal pattern ; evaporative ratio ; Poland ; satellite images ; hyperspectral data ; water quality ; PRISMA ; DESIS ; turbidity ; chlorophyll-a ; aquatic vegetation ; river freezing ; Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) ; Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ; predictor variables ; balanced accuracy ; river flow ; XGBoost algorithm ; trends ; multistep-ahead forecasting ; climate variability ; Ukraine ; phosphorus ; resources ; critical raw materials ; Visegrad Group ; V4 ; sustainable management ; cold season ; 1951–2021 ; snowfall-to-precipitation ratio ; baseflow index ; river regime shift ; lowland river basin ; middle-latitude region ; hydrogeochemical characterization ; seawater intrusion processes ; geothermal water ; mixing processes ; cation exchange ; Los Cabos block ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-06-10
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Acker, M., Hogle, S. L., Berube, P. M., Hackl, T., Coe, A., Stepanauskas, R., Chisholm, S. W., & Repeta, D. J. Phosphonate production by marine microbes: exploring new sources and potential function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(11), (2022): e2113386119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113386119.
    Description: Phosphonates are organophosphorus metabolites with a characteristic C-P bond. They are ubiquitous in the marine environment, their degradation broadly supports ecosystem productivity, and they are key components of the marine phosphorus (P) cycle. However, the microbial producers that sustain the large oceanic inventory of phosphonates as well as the physiological and ecological roles of phosphonates are enigmatic. Here, we show that phosphonate synthesis genes are rare but widely distributed among diverse bacteria and archaea, including Prochlorococcus and SAR11, the two major groups of bacteria in the ocean. In addition, we show that Prochlorococcus can allocate over 40% of its total cellular P-quota toward phosphonate production. However, we find no evidence that Prochlorococcus uses phosphonates for surplus P storage, and nearly all producer genomes lack the genes necessary to degrade and assimilate phosphonates. Instead, we postulate that phosphonates are associated with cell-surface glycoproteins, suggesting that phosphonates mediate ecological interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment. Our findings indicate that the oligotrophic surface ocean phosphonate pool is sustained by a relatively small fraction of the bacterioplankton cells allocating a significant portion of their P quotas toward secondary metabolism and away from growth and reproduction.
    Description: This work was supported in part by grants from the NSF (OCE-1153588 and DBI-0424599 to S.W.C.; OCE-1335810 and OIA-1826734 to R.S.; and OCE-1634080 to D.J.R.), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (no. 6000 to D.J.R.), and the Simons Foundation (Life Sciences Project Award IDs 337262 and 647135 to S.W.C.; 510023 to R.S.; and Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology [SCOPE] Award ID 329108 to S.W.C. and D.J.R.).
    Keywords: phosphonate ; Prochlorococcus ; marine ; biogeochemistry ; phosphorus
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.
    Keywords: woody biomass crops ; bioenergy ; biodiversity ; species richness ; flora ; vascular plants ; short rotation coppices ; poplars ; willows ; feeding simulation ; defoliation ; herbivory ; short rotation coppice ; phosphatase activity ; nutrient content ; growth stages ; biomass ; willow ; Salix ; capacity ; European larch ; fast-growing trees ; plantations ; plantation area ; poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” ; sown area ; biomass production ; life cycle assessment ; climate impact ; soil organic carbon ; genotypic difference ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; Populus ; INRA 717-1B4 ; pyramidal plant habitus ; leaf petiole angle ; branch angle ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; carbon ; physiology ; F. mandshurica ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; photosynthetic vitality ; chlorophyll and phenol content ; nutrition supply ; dry matter yield ; land reclamation ; spring pruning ; year-long pruning ; branching ; angle diversion of sprout ; dry matter losses ; poplar wood chips ; laboratory scale ; cultivable saproxylic microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Physical processes are keys for the status of a lake. In this Special Issue, the emphasis is on dissolved oxygen and on exchange of gases, energy and momentum between atmosphere and further mixing and consumption within the water. The studies presented relate to ice-free as well as ice-covered lakes. Field measurements are combined with theoretical approaches.
    Keywords: hydrodynamic model ; bubble plume ; artificial mixing ; GLM ; Si3D ; dissolved gas ; Henry law ; total gas pressure ; ebullition ; greenhouse gases ; lacustrine waters ; diurnal variation ; hourly model ; water temperature ; dissolved oxygen ; shallow lakes ; and sediment heat flux ; water quality ; chlorophyll-a ; phosphorus ; phosphorus release ; full set of turbulent stresses ; Acoustic Doppler current profilers ; interbeam velocity correlations ; ice-covered lakes ; convectively-mixed layer ; anisotropic turbulence ; shallow lake ; ice-covered period ; ice phenology ; snow-ice cover thickness ; under-ice irradiance ; radiatively driven convection ; climate change ; 3D modelling ; stratification ; bubble plumes ; fractal ; lakes ; mixing ; multi-scale ; turbulence ; energy fluxes ; energy content ; reservoirs ; internal waves ; surface waves ; biogenic turbulence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This special issue entitled “Water Quality Assessments for Urban Water Environment,” strives to highlights the status quo of water environment, opportunities and challenges for their sustainable management in lieu of rapid global changes (land us eland cover changes, climate change, population growth, change in socio-economic dimension, urbanization etc.), in the urban space particularly in developing nations around the world. It also highlights the effect of COVID19 pandemic on water resources and way forward to minimize the risk of spreading health risk associated with wastewater management. Considering the complex nature of the urban water security, it highlights the importance of emerging approaches like socio-hydrology, landscape ecology, regional-circular-ecological sphere etc., which presents a perfect combination of hard (infrastructure) and soft (numerical simulations, spatial technologies, participatory approaches, indigenous knowledge) measures, as the potential solutions to manage this precious water resource in coming future. Finally, what is the way forward to enhance science-policy interface in a better way to achieve global goals e.g., SDGs at local level in a timely manner. It provides valuable information about sustainable water resource management at the urban landscape, which is very much useful for policy-makers, decision-makers, local communities, and other relevant stakeholders.
    Keywords: groundwater ; geospatial analysis ; hydrogeochemical assessment ; multivariate statistical analysis ; water quality index ; middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ; urban river stretches ; phosphorus ; spatial distribution ; bioavailability ; suspended sediment (SS) ; water quality ; WEAP ; climate change adaptation ; urbanization ; domestic wastewater management ; sustainable development goals ; triple-rice cropping system ; full-dike ; surface water quality ; WAWQI ; An Giang Province ; the Vietnamese Mekong Delta ; hydrological residence time (HRT) ; lake ; COVID ; waterbodies ; WQI ; HPI ; HEI ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; bioaerosol ; aerosolized wastewater ; environmental transmission ; agriculture ; water security ; water scarcity ; climate change ; IWRM ; socioeconomic changes ; sustainable development ; Pindrawan tank area ; drinking water quality ; artificial intelligence ; particle swarm optimization ; support vector machine ; naive Bayes classifier ; water insecurity ; water security framework ; public health ; primary health care ; groundwater demand ; Sundarbans ; vulnerability ; sensitivity loop ; water–human wellbeing nexus ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue is designed to celebrate the founding of the open-access journal Oceans and is focused on presenting new ideas and advances at the cutting edge of ocean science. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to: ocean geosciences, physics, biogeochemistry, and ecology; ocean ecosystem services and sustainable ocean resource use; and ocean operations and engineering. The fifteen articles published in this Special Issue focus on diverse areas of oceanography, including ocean ecology and biology, ocean geosciences, ocean climate and meteorology, ocean circulation, ocean chemistry and biogeochemistry, ocean resources (e.g., fisheries, aquaculture, and mining), ocean engineering, ocean modeling and ocean governance.
    Keywords: SIDS ; UN Member States ; sustainable development goal 14 ; SAMOA pathway ; capacity building ; scientific infrastructure ; IAEA ; ocean challenges ; nuclear and isotopic techniques ; ecology ; oceanography ; Portugal ; abundance rate ; nursery ; common dolphin ; Delphinus delphis ; phytoplankton ; zooplankton ; time series ; regime shift ; climate ; nutrients ; composite ; delamination ; seawater ; immersion ; ageing ; Black Sea ; biogeochemical modelling ; seasonal phytoplankton and inter-annual variation ; capture–recapture ; Cayman Islands ; Seychelles ; monitoring ; endangered species ; maximum number of individuals ; photo-identification ; mark-recapture ; movement ecology ; phosphorus ; polyphosphates ; pyrophosphate ; pyrophosphatase activity ; seaweed ; Ulva ; ras al hadd oceanic dipole ; arabian sea ; cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies ; altimetric data ; angular momentum eddy detection and tracking algorithm (AMEDA) ; HYCOM model ; ARGO floats ; carbon cycle ; tropical Atlantic ; dissolved inorganic carbon ; alkalinity ; Demerara Rise ; millennial-scale variability ; Late Quaternary paleoclimate ; seafloor mapping ; vulnerable deep-sea habitats ; deep-sea corals ; chemosynthesis-based communities ; vulnerable marine ecosystem ; Atlantic Ocean ; seismic faults ; slope instabilities ; submarine volcanism ; fluid-flow processes ; bottom currents ; tsunamis ; canyon heads ; tectonic indentation ; multidisciplinary approach ; carbon ; eutrophic ; Hiroshima Bay ; nitrogen ; sulfur ; sediment ; ocean forecasting ; reflexivity ; fisheries ; harmful algal blooms ; coupled natural-human systems ; Anthropocene ocean ; shark ; luminescence ; Etmopteridae ; Dalatiidae ; Somniosidae ; photophore ; hormonal control ; counter-illumination ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Mixed cropping, also known as inter-cropping or co-cultivation, is a plant production system that involves planting two or more species (or cultivars) in the same field in a variable order—row or rowless—simultaneously. Mixed cropping plays an important role in sustainable agriculture by adding value to crop rotations and agroecosystems. Scientific investigations on environmentally friendly mixed cropping should be supported by studies on the direct costs and long-term benefits that are the most relevant to farmers. Meeting the need to strengthen the scientific basis for mixed crops, the papers in this Special Issue enhance our understanding of the following: The selection of species and cultivars for a mixed crop system as well as the choice of agricultural treatments that will secure a stable yield of mixtures; Inter- and intra- species competition of plants in a canopy; Ecological intensification approaches and opportunities for maximizing crop performance and yield in mixtures; The effects of mixed crops on crop rotations; The short- and long-term ecosystem benefits of mixtures; The effects on pests and the biodiversity of agroecosystems provided by mixtures; The economic aspects of adopting the mixtures in farms; The nutritive value of mixtures for livestock; Other topics related to the mixed cropping.
    Keywords: barley ; oats ; triticale ; yield ; leaf area index ; land equivalent ratio ; standard gross margin ; brachiaria ; cereal-livestock production ; perception ; push-pull technology ; smallholder farmers ; proximity effect ; border effect ; neighbor effect ; strip intercropping ; legume ; cereals ; Hordeum vulgare ; Lolium multiflorum ; phosphorus ; water stress ; competition indices ; plant development stages ; spring cereal mixtures ; grain yield ; protein yield ; metabolic energy yield ; differentiations of cereal mixture ; sustainable agriculture ; maize ; Zea mays L. ; biodiversity ; intercropping ; silage ; growth ; quality ; non-legume ; mixed crop ; herbivores ; pest population ; natural enemy ; cereal–legume mixture ; common vetch ; cultivar ; soil quality ; cereal-legume mixture ; organic farming ; conventional farming ; leaf greenness index ; seed yield ; yield components ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue is to celebrate 25 years of “World Wetlands Day”. There is no other ecosystem that has its very own Ramsar Convention or such a challenge impacting ecosystem sustainability. Papers for this Special Issue provide an overview of wetland status and function within different regions of the world. The papers in this Special Issue of Land consist of three review papers, ten research articles and one perspective paper. Edward Maltby’s review paper provides us with an overview of the paradigm shift of how we value and assess wetlands over time. Ballut-Dajud et al. provide us with a worldwide perspective on factors affecting wetland loss. Finally, Jan Vymazal provides us with a historical overview of the development of water quality treatment wetlands in Europe and North America. The research papers can be grouped into four groups: 1) use of remote sensing to analyze stability and dynamic factors affecting wetlands; 2) factors affecting the wetlands’ ability to store carbon; 3) assessment of wetlands effect on water quality; and 4) understanding historical use and value of wetlands, farmer’s attitudes about wetland management, and how we can value wetland ecosystem services. Finally, Bryzek et al. remind us that, as wetland researchers and managers, we should minimize damage to wetlands even through field monitoring work.
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; phosphorus ; restoration ecology ; water quality ; wetland ; wetland soil ; microbial respiration ; CO2 efflux ; Everglades ; enzyme activity ; grazing ; created wetlands ; freshwater marshes ; carbon cycling ; wetlands ecosystems ; moral norms ; self-identity ; theory of planned behavior ; sustainability ; Poyang Lake ; ecosystem service value ; lakeshore zone ; Landsat ; remote sensing ; spatial–temporal changes ; human activities ; ghost forest ; forested wetland ; aboveground biomass ; soil carbon ; carbon dating ; constructed wetlands ; macrophytes ; pollution ; wastewater ; wetlands ; colonization ; nature-culture relationship ; perceptual typology ; coastal wetlands ; tidal flat reclamation ; stability ; impact ; Jiangsu coastal area ; anthropogenic activities ; climate change ; terrestrial ecosystems ; environmental impacts ; greenhouse gases ; cleaning ; efficacy ; ethics ; researcher impacts ; wetland decontamination ; wetland management history ; Ramsar convention ; wise use ; wetland assessment methods ; wetland valuation ; wetlands paradigm shift ; ecosystem approach ; wholescapes ; sustainable development ; World Charter for wetlands ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book, entitled “Elemental Concentration and Pollution in Soil, Water, and Sediment”, presents an updated overview of the main trace elements in living organisms. This collection brings researchers from different fields together, including those from biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology in various environmental media, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental fate of trace elements in their biogeochemical cycles for different ecosystems.
    Keywords: marine sediments ; trace metals ; speciation ; contamination ; San Simon Bay ; soil remediation ; toxicity bioassays ; humic substances ; calcium carbonate ; iron oxides ; polyphenolic compounds ; heavy metals ; soil ; enrichment factor ; geoaccumulation index ; contamination factor ; pollution indices ; soil contamination ; geogenic and anthropogenic origin ; iron ore deposits ; tailing dumps ; seepage water ; water balance of the enterprise ; metals ; p-arsanilic acid ; adsorption ; natural fluorine-enriched soil ; natural sources ; chemical extraction resistance ; low washing efficiency ; lacustrine sediments ; geochemical mapping ; spatial distribution ; contamination assessment ; environmental risk assessments ; sediment quality guidelines ; pollution ; bottom sediments ; river ; acid mine drainage ; abandoned coal mine ; potentially toxic elements ; pollution level ; potential ecological risk ; sewage sludge ; calcareous soil ; extraction DTPA ; crop ; transfer ; long time ; engineered nanoparticles ; organic matter ; phosphorus ; nutrients ; volcanic soil ; agricultural land contamination ; sediment ; irrigation canal ; heavy metal ; copper ; cadmium ; Daphnia pulex ; ecotoxicology ; LC50 ; ecological risk assessment ; karst areas ; soil properties ; urban ecology ; trace metal pollution ; soil organisms ; diversity ; Western Siberia ; snow pollution ; trace metals and metalloids ; atmospheric depositions ; solubility ; sediments ; bioindicators ; geochemical background ; risk assessment code ; sequential extraction ; groundwater ; precipitation ; caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) ; permeable reactive barrier (PRB) ; natural water ; water quality ; Arctic region ; elemental composition ; springs ; QR code ; modern sedimentation processes ; mineralogy ; geochemistry ; authigenic minerals ; hydrogen sulfide contamination ; arid climate ; Caspian Sea ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book deals with the latest developments regarding urban and industrial wastewaters’ adapted treatment with various technologies. It focuses, through valuable publications, on the shifting of the wastewater management paradigm from “treatment and disposal” to “the 4Rs principle: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Recover”. The adapted wastewater treatment step will allow (i) the disposal of supplementary water amounts that could be safely reused in order to tackle the water-scarcity problem, and (ii) the preservation of the environment against pollution. Finally, this book will contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and other international related initiatives.
    Keywords: OMWW ; drying ; water recovery ; water characterization ; sustainable development ; alternating current ; coupling ; hybrid material ; biosorption ; wastewater reuse ; protein adsorption ; neutral solute ; ultrafiltration ; selectivity modelling ; pore size distribution ; raw poultry manure ; pyrolysis ; biochar ; characterization ; leaching ; phosphorus ; potassium ; grey water ; SBR ; fouling ; zeta potential ; norovirus ; water reuse ; water quality ; mineral processing ; wastewater treatment ; flotation ; electrocoagulation (EC) ; chemical oxygen demand (COD) ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; PHA ; PHBV ; mixed microbial culture ; green extraction ; dimethyl carbonate ; purification ; 1-butanol ; wastewater valorization ; reclaimed water ; circular economy ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; reuse ; water pricing ; water depletion ; industrial sector ; lignite ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; batch ; isotherm ; mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Herbaceous field crops include several hundred plant species worldly widespread for different end-uses, from food to no-food applications. Among them are included cereals, grain legumes, sugar beet, potato, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, safflower, rape, flax, soybean, alfalfa, clover spp. and other fodder crops, but only 15–20 species play a relevant role for the worldly global economy. Nowadays, to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing world population in a scenario of decreased arable lands, the development of holistic agricultural management approaches to boost contemporaneously yield and quality of herbaceous field crops is essential. Accordingly, this book represents an up-to-date collection of the current understanding of the impact of several agricultural management factors (i.e., genetic selection, planting density and arrangement, fertilization, irrigation, weed control and harvest time) on the yield and qualitative performances of 11 field crops (wheat, cardoon, potato, clary sage, basil, sugarcane, canola, cotton, tomato, lettuce and hemp). On the whole, the topics covered in this book will ensure students and academic readers, such as plant physiologists, environmental scientists, biotechnologists, botanists, soil chemists and agronomists, to get the information about the recent research advances on the eco-sustainable management cultivation of herbaceous field crops, with a particular focus on varietal development, soil nutrient and water management, weed control, etc.
    Keywords: planting density ; fertilization ; the central composite design ; fiber yield ; analog optimization ; potato ; nitrogen fertilization ; environmental sustainability ; cost-effective ; nitrogen use efficiency ; tuber yield ; EONFR ; growth ; specific leaf nitrogen ; critical nitrogen uptake ; cotton ; dry matter yield ; root growth ; root physiology ; water productivity ; nitrogen productivity ; drip irrigation quota ; lint yield ; biomass ; leaf chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf gas exchange ; leaf structure ; drought tolerance ; dry weight yield ; essential oil content ; leaf area index ; Ocimum basilicum ; potassium ; fertilizer ; biomass accumulation ; fiber quality ; organic farming system ; yield ; pH ; soluble solid content ; Bostwick viscosity ; phosphorus sensitivity ; phosphorus ; reproductive organ biomass ; nutrients accumulation ; plant density ; nitrogen fertilization rate ; photosynthesis rate ; SPAD readings ; nitrogen efficiency indices ; tuber nutritional composition ; cereal crops ; plant water extracts ; bioherbicides ; weed management ; allelopathy ; dual purpose canola ; nitrogen fertilizer ; oil content ; grazing ; sustainable agriculture ; integrated weed management ; yield losses ; preventive weed control ; mechanical weed control ; physical weed control ; biological weed control ; herbicides ; hybrids ; wheat ; weeds ; competition ; genetic gain ; genomic selection ; quantitative genetics ; sugarcane breeding ; pit plantation ; planting patterns ; ratoon crop ; sowing techniques ; sugarcane yield ; quality ; seasonal variation ; fatty acids ; free sugars ; chemical composition ; Cynara cardunculus L. ; cardoon ; organic acids ; clary sage ; essential oil ; aromatic plant species ; biometric and agronomic characteristics ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; organic farming ; calcareous soils ; crop physiology ; sustainability ; diatomaceous earth ; monosilicic acid ; Si application method ; soil water conditions ; wheat cultivar ; tocopherols ; lipidic fraction ; companion plants ; N-fertilization ; partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) ; weed control ; grain quality ; productivity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health.
    Keywords: fungal pigment ; natural dye ; spalting ; Scytalidium cuboideum ; dramada ; sustainable clothing ; selenium ; biofortification ; transporters ; mycorrhizal fungi ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) ; fungal pigments ; textile dyeing ; toxicity testing ; biotechnological approaches ; challenges ; limits ; Saccharomyces boulardii ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; probiotics ; gastrointestinal tract ; Alginate ; β-glucan ; oligosaccharides ; elicitation ; Sargassum species ; Sparassis latifolia ; polyphenol ; antioxidant ; agave mezcalero bagasse ; apple bagasse ; solid-state fermentation ; secondary metabolites ; Pleurotus ostreatus ; Endophytic fungi ; Hyptis dilatata ; Pestalotiopsis mangiferae ; Pestalotiopsis microspora ; chemical elicitors ; antibacterial activity ; LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS ; yeast ; biological control ; postharvest decay ; fruit ; mycorrhizae ; elevated CO2 ; Thymus vulgare ; growth ; photosynthesis ; metabolites ; biological activity ; Candida albicans ; non-albicans Candida species ; Candida auris ; aromatic alcohols ; fungi ; metabolomics ; NTCD ; additives ; functional foods ; nutraceuticals ; sustainability ; healthy aging ; Mortierella alpina ; animal fat by-product ; arachidonic acid ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; Mucor circinelloides ; high-throughput screening ; metal ions ; phosphorus ; lipids ; biofuel ; FTIR spectroscopy ; bioremediation ; co-production ; natural colorants ; filamentous fungi ; stirred-tank bioreactor ; biodegradable films ; food package ; bioactive compounds ; FIP ; human health ; immunomodulation ; induced apoptosis ; lectin ; medicinal mushrooms ; polysaccharide ; terpenes and terpenoids ; melanin ; carotenoids ; polyketides ; azaphilones ; antitumor ; medical roles ; sphinganine-analog mycotoxins ; fumonisins ; AAL-toxin ; chemical structure ; toxicity ; genetics and evolution ; biosynthesis ; livestock ; ewes ; energy ; cytokines ; yeasts ; liquid swine diets ; MALDI-TOF ; biochemical identification ; growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System ; Candida krusei ; Candida lambica ; M. purpureus ; red yeast rice ; cholesterol reduction ; probiotic potential ; natural colorant ; extraction ability ; marine fungi ; Talaromyces albobiverticillius ; aqueous two-phases system extraction ; ionic liquids ; feed additive ; probiotic ; Sporidiobolus ruineniae ; tannase ; micro-fungi ; macro-fungi ; Ganoderma ; kombucha ; anticancer ; carotenoid ; medicinal mushroom ; mycobiome ; antimicrobial ; antifungal ; bioconversion ; cheese ; dairy ; Sclerotinia ; secondary metabolite ; endophytic fungi ; uncommon secondary metabolites ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Different types of pressures, such as nutrients, micropollutants, microbes, nanoparticles, microplastics, or antibiotic-resistant genes, endanger the quality of water bodies. Evidence-based pollution control needs to be built on the three basic elements of water governance: Monitoring, modeling, and management. Monitoring sets the empirical basis by providing space- and time-dependent information on substance concentrations and loads, as well as driving boundary conditions for assessing water quality trends, water quality statuses, and providing necessary information for the calibration and validation of models. Modeling needs proper system understanding and helps to derive information for times and locations where no monitoring is done or possible. Possible applications are risk assessments for exceedance of quality standards, assessment of regionalized relevance of sources and pathways of pollution, effectiveness of measures, bundles of measures or policies, and assessment of future developments as scenarios or forecasts. Management relies on this information and translates it in a socioeconomic context into specific plans for implementation. Evaluation of success of management plans again includes well-defined monitoring strategies. This book provides an important overview in this context.
    Keywords: diffuse pollution ; field mapping ; storm drains ; Bayesian statistics ; distributed modelling ; PhosFate ; water quality ; analysis method ; chromaticity measurement ; surface fitting ; concentration of dissolved matter ; Copernicus Programme ; ACOLITE ; flooding ; quasi-real time monitoring ; inundation mapping ; suspended matter ; Spain ; cyanobacteria ; Microcystis aeruginosa ; water ; monitoring ; spectrophotometry ; derivative absorbance ; model evaluation ; nitrogen ; nutrient retention ; phosphorus ; sediment ; constructed wetland ; water resources management ; eutrophication ; unmanned surface vehicle ; water monitoring ; ensemble learning ; dynamic power management ; observational process ontology ; water quality monitoring ; water pollution alert ; semantic discovery ; water quality status ; sources and pathways ; land cover ; digital elevation model ; urban river ; ArcGIS ; modeling ; CSO ; urban drainage ; sewer system ; trace pollutants ; urban runoff ; concentration duration frequency curve ; MONERIS ; diffuse nutrient emission ; empirical modeling ; river basin management plan of Hungary ; effectiveness of measures ; scenarios and forecasts ; socioeconomic context ; sources and pathways of water pollution ; system understanding ; water governance ; water quality statuses and trends ; water pollution control ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Written by experts in the field of table olives, this book is a source of recent research advances on the characterization and processing of table olives. Research papers are provided relating to the characterization of their composition of volatiles and the sensory profile; mineral composition and bioavailability; changes in bioactive components (chlorophylls) by processing; and new strategies to reduce sodium and additives for stabilizing the organoleptic properties and avoiding defects in table olives. Other research papers are included in relation to microbiological and chemical changes in table olives during spontaneous or controlled fermentation employing different cultivars, and the optimized use of starter cultures for the improvement of the different fermentative processes. In addition, this book includes an overview of the main technologies used for olive fermentation, including the role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts characterizing this process, and of the processing and storage effects on the nutritional and sensory properties of table olives.
    Keywords: table olives ; starter cultures ; GC-MC analysis ; volatile composition ; bitterness ; consumer willingness to pay ; descriptive sensory analysis ; green-olive flavor ; “Manzanilla” cultivar ; pit hardening ; regulated deficit irrigation ; panel performance ; panelist ; black ripe table olives ; sensory descriptors ; sensory profile ; fermentation ; microbiological changes ; organoleptic ; physicochemical ; Clostridium ; logistic regression ; acid-adapted strains ; predictive models ; fermented vegetables ; undefined biodiverse starters ; autochtonous cultures ; lactic acid bacteria ; Lactobacillus pentosus ; Tonda di Cagliari ; table olive ; phenolic compounds ; oleuropein ; LAB ; yeasts ; fermented food ; probiotic table olives ; non-dairy probiotics ; sodium ; potassium ; calcium ; magnesium ; iron ; phosphorus ; darkened by oxidation olives ; Miller’s protocol ; Crews’ protocol ; post-digest re-extraction ; minerals ; sea salt ; PGI ; iodized salt ; functional food ; composition ; nutritional properties ; polyphenols ; sensory analysis ; chlorophyll ; pigments ; allomerization ; alkaline treatment ; phytyl-chlorin ; phytyl-rhodin ; Bella di Cerignola ; brines ; microbiological quality ; user-friendly spreadsheet ; producers ; bioaccessibility ; mineral nutrients ; pigment composition ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, one-third of the world’s food produced for human consumption is lost or discarded. Meanwhile, the world needs to create a sustainable food future to feed the more than 9 billion people that are expected to inhabit the planet by 2050. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals represent a global agenda for improving sustainability at a global level, and one of these goals (goal 12) is devoted to ensuring sustainable production and consumption patterns. This Special Issue intends to unify multidisciplinary areas of knowledge, under the sustainability pillar, based on knowledge about one of the most relevant agents for overall environmental impacts: food production and consumption. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to highlight sustainability assessment in the contexts of agri-food production, food consumption, and food waste reduction to meet the needs of updating knowledge and developing new skills required by multiple social and economic agents. Food waste implies significant economic losses, ethical and social issues, adverse environmental effects, and considerable nutritional consequences, posing a threat to global sustainability. The purpose of this issue is to shine a light on the significance of research and practical initiatives engaged in the United Nations Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, specifically in protecting the planet by promoting sustainability in food production and consumption aiming at informing and influencing policy and practice globally.
    Keywords: fresh-cut vegetables ; life cycle assessment ; LCA ; chlorine ; filtering membranes ; water recirculation ; traditional people ; coastal littoral ; Barbados ; Bahamas ; environmental co-adaption ; Caribbean ; resilient and sustainable cities ; food waste ; design culture ; food cycles ; sustainability ; nursing home ; plate colors ; pilot study ; food production and consumption ; sustainable food systems ; sustainable menu ; food catering practices in the public sector ; biosecurity ; carcass disposal ; greenhouse gas emissions ; nitrogen ; pathogens ; phosphorus ; rendered animal by-products ; fast food restaurant ; customer satisfaction ; revisit intention and recommendation ; regression analysis ; factor analysis ; food loss and waste ; GHG emissions ; protein losses ; global food supply chains ; hotspots ; food consumption ; environmentally extended input–output analysis ; international trade ; consumption-production perspective ; structural decomposition analysis ; value chain analysis ; ex-post times series analysis ; allocation tables ; household food waste ; planning routines ; shopping routines ; food practices ; elderly institution ; leftovers ; older adults ; plate waste ; black soldier fly larvae ; Hermetia illucens ; bio-convertor ; nutrient recovery ; aquaculture feed ; organic waste ; sustainable diet ; sustainable dietary guidelines ; qualitative content analysis ; food governance ; consumer perception ; food service ; workplace canteen ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Joint replacement is a very successful medical treatment. However, the survivorship of hip, knee, shoulder, and other implants is limited. The degradation of materials and the immune response against degradation products or an altered tissue loading condition as well as infections remain key factors of their failure. Current research in biomechanics and biomaterials is trying to overcome these existing limitations. This includes new implant designs and materials, bearings concepts and tribology, kinematical concepts, surgical techniques, and anti-inflammatory and infection prevention strategies. A careful evaluation of new materials and concepts is required in order to fully assess the strengths and weaknesses and to improve the quality and outcomes of joint replacements. Therefore, extensive research and clinical trials are essential. The main aspects that are addressed in this Special Issue are related to new material, design and manufacturing considerations of implants, implant wear and its potential clinical consequence, implant fixation, infection-related material aspects, and taper-related research topics. This Special Issue gives an overview of the ongoing research in those fields. The contributions were solicited from researchers working in the fields of biomechanics, biomaterials, and bio- and tissue-engineering.
    Keywords: electrocautery ; titanium alloy ; cobalt-chrome alloy ; fatigue behavior ; biomechanical study ; Vertebral body replacement (VBR) ; non metallic ; radiolucent ; CF/PEEK ; biomechanics ; tumor ; vertebral fracture ; spine ; calcium phosphate ; granules ; bone graft substitutes ; total hip arthroplasty ; implant deformation ; acetabulum ; Metasul ; 28 mm small head ; metal-on-metal THA ; cobalt ; chromium ; titanium ; blood metal ions ; inflammation ; cytokines ; metal particles ; metal ions ; synovium ; dual taper modular hip stem ; acetabular revision ; asymptomatic stem modularity ; decision making model ; threshold ; biomaterials ; arthroplasty ; orthopaedic tribology ; experimental simulation ; total knee replacement ; PEEK-OPTIMA™ ; UHMWPE ; third body wear ; modular acetabular cup ; poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) ; ceramics ; ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) ; strain distribution ; bone stock ; cup-inlay stability ; disassembly forces ; relative motion ; periprosthetic joint infections ; infection prophylaxis ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; in vivo osteomyelitis model ; metal wear ; retrieval study ; metal-on-metal articulation ; volumetric wear ; megaendoprosthesis ; total knee arthroplasty ; bone tumor ; Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis ; hip arthroplasty ; elementary geometrical shape model ; interchangeability ; head–taper junction ; migration ; ion implantation ; precision casting ; Ti6Al4V ; calcium ; phosphorus ; centrifugal casting ; porous implants ; tantalum ; hip replacement ; revision hip arthroplasty ; primary stability ; backside wear ; cross-linked ; total hip replacement ; hip cup system ; composite ; fibers ; polycarbonate-urethane ; meniscal replacement ; mechanical properties ; meniscus ; silicon nitride ; coating ; joint replacement ; wear ; adhesion ; trunnionosis ; trunnion failure ; fretting corrosion ; head–neck junction ; mechanically assisted crevice corrosion ; implant ; biomaterial ; corrosion ; residual stress ; taper connection ; anodic polarization ; surface treatment ; knee joint ; patellar component ; musculoskeletal multibody simulation ; patellofemoral joint ; polyetheretherketone ; fixation ; debonding ; implant–cement interface ; PMMA ; periprosthetic joint infection ; cement spacer ; articulating spacer ; hip spacer ; two-stage revision ; surface alteration ; surface roughness ; third-body wear ; zirconium oxide particles ; metal-on-cement articulation ; oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty ; bearing thickness ; retrieval analysis ; n/a ; biomedical rheology ; viscosity ; bovine calf serum ; shear thinning ; numerical simulation ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) to water bodies continues to increase worldwide, in many cases leading to increased eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Determining the sources of P and the biogeochemical processes responsible for this increase is often difficult because of the complexity of the inputs and pathways, which vary both in spatial and temporal scales. In order to effectively develop strategies to improve water quality, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of P pools with biological uptake and cycling under varied soil and water conditions. In this ebook, eight chapters cover the various aspects of basic-applied research on mineral–P interaction and how these reactions impact P mobilization, bioavailability, transfer, and speciation of P in different soil matrices using advanced analytical methods. Some of these methods include the application of XANES and field-based research related to stream bank legacy nutrients; natural and anthropogenic eutrophication and its relationship to climate change; and the evaluation of the impact of P due to (i) grazing systems, (ii) weathering and vegetation, and iii) soil and manure management practices. In addition, two review chapters take a holistic approach to cover an expansive area of P transformation processes along the cropland–riparian–stream continuum and the assessment of legacy P. Together, these contributions improve our current understanding of the reactions and processes that impact P concentration, speciation, cycling, loss, and transfer from agroecosystems.
    Keywords: eutrophication ; phosphorus ; water quality ; sediment ; dissolved oxygen ; phosphorus mobilization ; climate change ; algae bloom ; legacy sediments ; equilibrium phosphorus concentration ; sorption ; desorption ; anoxic ; chemical P extraction ; microanalysis ; X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy ; soil P ; vertical and horizontal P distribution ; runoff water ; exclusions ; strategic grazing ; dissolved reactive phosphorus ; total phosphorus ; soil test phosphorus ; soil stratification ; soil fertility ; phosphorus cycling ; weathering ; iron speciation ; biogeochemistry ; legacy phosphorus ; speciation ; transformation ; accessibility ; best management practices ; corn silage ; erosion ; nutrient management ; liquid manure ; surface runoff ; agriculture ; riparian buffers ; critical source areas ; overland flow ; hydropedology ; snowmelt ; streamflow ; tile drainage ; phosphorus kinetics ; Fe-Al-hydroxide mixtures ; histidine ; malic acid ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Medical mineralogy and geochemistry constitute an important field, yet little attention has been paid to it by scientists, administrators, or the public. The aims of this book are: (a) to focus on a selection of current challenges and research opportunities and (b) to encourage knowledge transfer between geochemists and mineralogists whose work concerns medical problems and medical scientists who study problems surrounding biominerals and geomaterials. This book covers a variety of novel approaches, tools and techniques, and scenarios of contamination in water and wastewater, and is a key resource for policymakers and environmental scientists working hard to address environmental pollutants. The key features are: state-of-the-art techniques for the assessment and remediation of heavy metals, presenting the interdisciplinary impacts of heavy metals, including those on human health, ecosystems and water quality, and including various contamination indices, such as contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution index and ecological risk index.
    Keywords: phosphorus ; adsorption ; steel slag ; fly ash ; activated clay ; reactor ; Ramganga River ; turbidity ; Landsat 8 SR ; water quality ; Ganges River ; fluoride ; groundwater ; Sustainable Development Goal 6 ; rural community water supply ; weathered basement aquifer ; hydrogeology ; policy change ; risk ; heavy metal ; human health ; pollution indices ; soil ; plant diseases ; nanoparticles ; diseases ; biotic stress ; management ; silver nanoparticles ; zinc nanoparticles ; calcium carbonate nanoparticles ; calcium oxide nanoparticles ; incense sticks ash ; sludge ; eggshell ; terrestrial environment ; radiocesium ; cesium-137 ; radioactive contamination ; cancer risk ; radionuclide ; nuclear accident ; nominal risk ; decision making ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metals have always played a significant role in human life, and the current global growth and prosperity are directly dependent on these materials. With the rapidly growing global demand for metals, their extraction from natural minerals (as their primary sources) has been enhanced, causing a significant reduction in the grade and quality of the ores in ore deposits and leading to the production of huge amounts of waste, which requires management. In light of this, new proposals to develop more advanced metal recovery technologies from minerals are needed. Additionally, the huge quantity of waste generated through all steps of metal production is known to be a source of environmental pollution, while its valorization can create value via recycling metals or even though use in the production of other valuable materials. Such waste valorization is also in line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as the implementation of the Paris Agreement. In this regard, the recycling of end-user products in order to reproduce valuable metals can also create significant value and reduce mining activities, and thus, their harmful consequences worldwide. Therefore, research and development in the state-of-the-art technologies for the recovery and recycling of metals are absolutely necessary. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect a range of articles on different aspects of valuable metal recovery and recycling from primary and secondary sources, as well as to decipher all new methods, processes, and knowledge in valuable metal production. We hope that this open access Special Issue will provide a great opportunity to demonstrate the work of researchers working in this area all around the world and help to provide new ideas for researchers who are working in the areas of hydrometallurgy, mineral processing, and waste recycling and valorization.
    Keywords: solvent extraction ; t-BAMBP ; rubidium ; cesium ; brine ; chemical precipitation ; recovery ; reduced ilmenite ; synthetic rutile ; aeration leaching ; Becher process ; spent alkaline battery ; recycling ; leaching ; electrowinning ; hydrometallurgy ; techno-economic evaluation ; metal recovery ; rhenium ; molybdenum ; separation ; rare earth elements ; thorium ; uranium ; separation methods ; precipitation ; membrane ; pavement ; bituminous mixtures ; electric arc furnace slag ; ladle furnace slag ; cellulose fibers ; stone mastic asphalt ; sustainability ; steel ; circular economy ; zinc residue ; cobalt hydroxide ; cementation ; oxidative precipitation ; cobalt (Co) ; nickel (Ni) ; aluminum (Al) ; titanium dioxide (TiO2) ; silicon dioxide (SiO2) ; sulfide ; carbon material ; copper ; zinc ; copper processing ; copper leaching ; copper bearing dusts ; cyanex 272 ; ionquest 801 ; cobalt ; nickel ; vanadium extraction process ; vanadium yield ; minimum carbon loss ; temperature strategy ; steelmaking slag ; phosphorus ; 2CaO∙SiO2–3CaO∙P2O5 ; NdFeB magnets ; critical metals ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; focus infrared digestion ; ICP-OES ; electronic waste ; CaO–SiO2–FeO–Al2O3–MgO slag system ; viscosity ; slag structure ; silicate structure ; aluminate structure ; FeO recovery ; weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore ; rare earth recovery ; ion-exchange leaching ; chelation ; chelating agents ; polydentate ligands ; pyrometallurgy ; dysprosium ; liquid metal extraction ; phase transformation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Sustainable agricultural practices are needed to provide food security for a growing global population. Food production is usually associated with high nutrient inputs in the form of mineral fertilizers. Since the beginning of agriculture, such practices have led to soil degradation and the release of environmental contaminants. In this Special Issue, we will focus on innovations in organic and inorganic fertilizer production. We welcome studies concerning new approaches for smart fertilizer development, including bioformulations with mineral particles, nanomaterials, and plant growth promoting microorganisms. We especially encourage authors taking advantage of ecological interactions to improve plant nutrient-use efficiency. Moreover, we would like to include contributions that focus on organic amendments to increase or propitiate the terrestrial C sequestration and stabilization, in order to contribute to mitigating climate change at the same time increasing food security by soil fertility, thus making win–win–win scenarios. Such techniques may concern, but are not limited to, innovative organic waste recycling procedures and new applications of mycorrhizae, rhizobioms, or free living soil bacteria and fungi.
    Keywords: earthworms ; frass ; insect excreta ; insect farming ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil fauna ; soil fertility ; waste management ; seed germination ; jellyfish ; blue fertilizer ; soil restoration ; soil amendments ; water use efficiency ; phosphorus sources ; P solubilization ; P acidulation ; relative agronomic efficiency ; pond sediments ; organic fertilizer ; mineral fertilizer ; cucumber ; integrated fish-vegetable farming ; Mekong Delta ; Crotalaria spectabilis ; C. juncea ; 15N natural abundance ; 13C isotopic composition ; transpiration efficiency ; aluminum toxicity ; antioxidant ; barley ; lignin ; phenols ; silicon ; calcareous soil ; humic acid ; phosphorus uptake ; single superphosphate ; wheat ; animal feedstuff ; circular economy ; fertilizer ; greenhouse ; insect larva ; organic waste ; leafy vegetable ; mineral nutrients ; soil structure ; chlorophyll content ; cation exchange capacity ; nitrogen fertilizer ; nitrification inhibitor ; nitrogen leaching ; nitrogen use efficiency ; 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) ; biochar ; compost ; isotopic signature ; carbon mineralization ; plant growth ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Open Poland
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: This edited volume examines the opportunities to think, do, and/or create jointly afforded by digital storytelling. The contributors discuss digital storytelling in the context of educational programs, teaching anthropology, and ethnographic research involving a variety of populations and subjects that will appeal to researchers and practitioners engaged with qualitative methods and pedagogies that rely on media technology.
    Keywords: Discourse ; Climate Change ; Humans ; Nature ; Oceania ; Resilience ; Environmental Ethics ; Environmental Change ; Worldview ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFC Social impact of disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFH Popular beliefs & controversial knowledge::JFHF Folklore, myths & legends ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology::PSXM Medical anthropology
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16382 | 12051 | 2015-03-27 10:07:19 | 16382 | Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of a chain-forming diatom, Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve, collected from Yatsushiro Sea, Japan, were investigated in a laboratory culture experiment. Sodium nitrate and sodium glycerophosphate were used as nitrogen and phosphorus sources, respectively. Cultures were grown in modified Provasoli's ASP2NTA medium (Provasoli et al. 1957) at 25±1°C, light intensity 60 µE mˉ² secˉ¹ and photoperiod 12:12-h, L:D cycle. Optimum growth was observed at nitrate concentrations of 3-10 mglˉ¹ and phosphate concentrations of 1.5-15 mglˉ¹. Adequate growth was also found at the nitrate concentration of up to as high as 300 mglˉ¹. Significantly poorer growth was found at lower nitrate (〈3.0 mglˉ¹) and higher phosphate (〉15 mglˉ¹) concentrations. From the present study, it is concluded that S. costatum can grow well at wide ranges of nitrate concentrations but is sensitive to higher phosphate concentrations.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; marine algae ; diatom ; Skeletonema costatum ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; growth rate
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    In:  ulyssesmontojo@gmail.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27090 | 25026 | 2020-08-21 04:28:09 | 27090 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Waste from aquaculture is considered as one of the possible causes of water quality deterioration in Manila Bay. Aquaculture in the area accounts for almost 30% of the total production in the Philippines. This high production entails intensified application of inputs that could possibly contribute to the nutrient (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) load in the bay. Thus, estimation of the N, P and SO4 loaded from aquaculture farms is necessary to develop more responsive intervention to reduce nutrient load in Manila Bay. Water samples were collected throughout the rearing period from different aquaculture systems in Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Bataan. The annual estimated N and P loaded from aquaculture farms were 12, 696.66 MT and 2, 363.01 MT, respectively. Fish pens/cages recorded the highest contribution accounting for 88% N and 86% P of the total load. It can be attributed to the direct release of uneaten feeds into the bodies of water. Roughly, 12% N and 14% P were obtained from the fishponds. Furthermore, the annual SO4 loaded from fishponds was estimated at 36,917.54 MT. Results of the study suggested that there should be an extensive monitoring of the environmental impacts and annual load of aquaculture farms for the sustainable regulations and management of aquaculture activities to reduce nutrient load and improve the aquaculture production as well. Finally, strict compliance to the regulatory guidelines and ordinances must be imposed to achieve the effluent quality standards.
    Description: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Pollution ; fishponds ; fish pens/cages ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; nutrient load
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16419 | 12051 | 2015-03-27 09:33:44 | 16419 | Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Twenty three small indigenous fish species (SIS) in the size range of 3-18 cm were analyzed for proximate composition and minerals (Ca and P) content to evaluate their nutritive value. The moisture content of different species ranged between 71.00 and 81.94%. In general, small sized fishes showed higher moisture content. The muscle protein content among the species varied widely (16.16-22.28%). In general, the muscle protein content of fishes showed higher value than the whole carcass protein content. The carcass lipid content varied between 1.87 and 9.55% and showed an inverse relationship with the moisture content. The gross energy content ranged from 19.51-27.30 KJ/g on dry matter basis. In the present study, the calcium and phosphorus contents ranged between 0.85-3.20% and 1.01-3.29% respectively. The calcium and phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) varied between 0.44 and 2.00. From the nutritional point of view, it shows that the SIS are good source of protein and minerals especially calcium and phosphorus
    Keywords: Fisheries ; moisture ; calcium ; nutritive value ; lipids ; phosphorus ; proteins ; ash content ; fishery products ; small indigenous fish species ; SIS ; Bangladesh
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23644 | 18721 | 2018-07-14 23:50:37 | 23644 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Gills of catfish Silurus glanis (300 g weight) of Mahabad Dam (Iran) were examined for structural attributes in 2004. Immediately after catch, gills were removed and placed in Bouin and Glutaraldehyde for structural and microscopic examinations. For classical histological assessment, samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and examined under light microscope. For electron microscopy, cuts 90 nanometers each were prepared and stained with Uranyl Acetate and Lead Citrate, covered with silver, examined and photographed. We found the gill cells being composed of ionocyte alpha, beta, accessory, mucous, pillar and mosaic cells. The ionocytes were located at the base of the gill rakers and intra raker spaces. These structural attributes of ionocyte cells demonstrate their active role in osmotic regulation of catfish.
    Keywords: Biology ; Histology ; Cells ; Gills ; Freshwater ; Light microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Silurus glanis ; Kordestan ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18910 | 12051 | 2015-11-28 13:28:31 | 18910 | Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: A laboratory based 2x3 factorial experiment was conducted for 12 weeks to investigate the influences of dietary lipid and phosphorus (P) levels on retention and excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen (N) in fingerling red sea bream. Twolevels of lipid (210 and 260 g/kg) and three levels of phosphorus (17, 14 and 12 g/kgˉ¹) in the dry diets were tested. Duplicate groups of 25 red sea bream (averageweight 3.74±0.07 g) per 60L glass tank were fed experimental diets three times a day near to satiation level at 22 to 28°C water temperature. A reduction in dietary fish meal from 500 to 300 g/kg dry diet, corresponding to a supplementation in both dietary lipid and P resulted in significant increase in both P and N retention which resulted in the reduction of their excretion by red sea bream. The overall results of the present study demonstrated that both lipid and phosphorussupplementation are necessary for developing less-polluting feed which in turn, reduce fish meal level in the diet of fingerling red sea bream. Further studies in this regard with different size and age groups of red sea bream are warranted.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; lipid ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; excretion ; red sea bream ; Pagrus major
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21757 | 18721 | 2017-11-30 04:48:31 | 21757 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Sediments from the southern Caspian Sea, located in Iranian coast were examined on the basis of P-fractionation (five forms of phosphorus) by a sequential extraction scheme. Ninety-six surface sediment samples (for each season with triplicate) were collected from eight sampling transects in 10 and 100 m depths during summer and winter in 2010-2011. The result indicated that the most abundant forms of phosphorus were calcium bound phosphorus. Relative abundance of other forms of phosphorus follow the order: organic-P〉Fe-P〉Al-P〉Absorbed-P. The loosely absorbed phosphorus represented 〈1% of the sedimentary inorganic phosphorus, while the Fe/Al phosphorus ranged 5–6%.The calcium bound phosphorus showed considerable contribution (88%) to the sedimentary inorganic P-loads.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Oceanography ; Pollution ; phosphorus ; surface sediment ; Caspian Sea ; Iranian coast ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3660 | 424 | 2011-09-29 17:00:25 | 3660 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: This paper is a review of studies on effects of nutrients on biological productivity and efforts made so far at restoration of nutrients in lakes. It is to provide an understanding of the basis scientific process accruing in lakes, therefore of prime importance in maintaining water quality standards for propagation of effective lake management
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Environment ; Nigeria ; inland water environment ; lakes ; limiting factors ; nitrogen ; nutrients (mineral) ; phosphorus ; restoration
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    St. Johns River Water Management District | Palatka, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25 | 7 | 2011-09-29 22:42:04 | 25
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The St. Johns Water Management District (SJRWMD) is utilizing several approaches to remove phosphorus (P) from Lake Apopka waters in an effort to improve the trophic status of the lake. One approach involves operation of a “recycle treatment wetland”, in which lake water is fed through a large constructed wetland for treatment, and then discharged back into the lake. The wetland, designated the Apopka Marsh Flow-Way, serves as a filter and settling basin for the particulate-laden lake waters. In 2005, the SJRWMD commissioned DB Environmental, Inc. to design and construct the infrastructure for dosing alum at two locations within the Apopka Marsh Flow-Way. The overall goal of this project was two-fold: first, to assess the utility of an inflow or midregion low-dose alum application for enhancing total P and/or SRP removal by the Marsh Flow-Way; and second, to evaluate the effectiveness of the wetland in attenuating export of the dosed aluminum. This report describes the findings from these two injection trials. (93pp.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Environment ; alum ; water quality ; phosphorus ; eutrophication ; lake restoration ; Lake Apopka ; Florida ; wetlands
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9368 | 115 | 2012-10-23 08:56:09 | 9368 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The sagittal otoliths of Lates niloticus, Haplochromis obesus, and Oreochromis niloticus from Lake Victoria were examined for daily growth rings using scanning electron microscopy. In the three species the increments were clear and thick enough to allow future studies with light microscopy. The daily nature of the increments seems supported by the rhythmic growth that were found.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Age determination ; Growth ; Otolith reading ; Electron microscopy ; Victoria Lake ; Africa ; Lates niloticus ; Haplochromis obesus ; Oreochromis niloticus
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19030 | 12051 | 2015-12-11 11:56:58 | 19030 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: This paper deals with the levels and distributions of nutrient salts in the United Arab Emirates waters. Water samples were collected bimonthly during 1994-1995 from the marine environment of the United Arab Emirates, which extends more than 800km along the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, as well as total concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon in the area were scattered in the ranges: (ND-6.32; mean: 0.84 µg-at N/l), ND-3.02; mean: 0.42 µg-at N/l), (ND-10.88; mean: 1.18 µg-at N/1), (ND-4.22; mean: 0.62 µg-at P/l), (1.14-28.80; mean: 6.52 µg-at Si/l), (1.52-39.58; mean: 12.28 µg-at N/l), (0.40-4.98; mean: 1.07 µg-at P/l), and (2.77-44.74; mean: 13.02 Si/l) respectively. Of inorganic nitrogen species, ammonium was the highest in the Arabian Gulf waters and nitrate was the highest at the Gulf of Oman. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen total species, phosphate and silicate amounted to 16.4, 47.6, 56.5% respectively, of the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in the Arabian Gulf and 22.6, 64.4, 44.9% respectively, in the Gulf of Oman, indicating that more than 80% of nitrogen was present in organic forms. Distributions of nutrient in the two regions were higher in the summer season and lower in the winter season due to the oxidation of organic materials. Regional distributions revealed higher values for nitrite (1.3 times), nitrate (2.8 times), phosphate (2.2 times), total dissolved nitrogen (1.3 times), total dissolved phosphorus (1.6 times), and total dissolved silicon (1.3 times) in the Gulf of Oman compared to the Arabian Gulf, indicating more oligotrophic conditions at the Arabian Gulf Whereas no distinct patterns of distribution were observed in the Arabian Gulf waters, an increase in the seaward direction was measured at the Gulf of Oman. Vertical distributions indicated a general increase with depth in the two regions. The mean ratios for total concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon in the Arabian Gulf (1: 11.6: 12.6) and the Gulf of Oman (1: 10.1: 11.8) were lower than the Redfield ratio.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; nutrient salts ; nitrite ; nitrate ; phosphate ; silicate ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; silicon ; sea waters ; Arabian Gulf ; Gulf of Oman
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Roman-Vendrell, C., Medeiros, A. T., Sanderson, J. B., Jiang, H., Bartels, T., & Morgan, J. R. Effects of excess brain-derived human alpha-synuclein on synaptic vesicle trafficking. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, (2021): 639414, https://doi.org/10.3389./fnins.2021.639414
    Description: α-Synuclein is a presynaptic protein that regulates synaptic vesicle trafficking under physiological conditions. However, in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, α-synuclein accumulates throughout the neuron, including at synapses, leading to altered synaptic function, neurotoxicity, and motor, cognitive, and autonomic dysfunction. Neurons typically contain both monomeric and multimeric forms of α-synuclein, and it is generally accepted that disrupting the balance between them promotes aggregation and neurotoxicity. However, it remains unclear how distinct molecular species of α-synuclein affect synapses where α-synuclein is normally expressed. Using the lamprey reticulospinal synapse model, we previously showed that acute introduction of excess recombinant monomeric or dimeric α-synuclein impaired distinct stages of clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis, leading to a loss of synaptic vesicles. Here, we expand this knowledge by investigating the effects of native, physiological α-synuclein isolated from the brain of a neuropathologically normal human subject, which comprised predominantly helically folded multimeric α-synuclein with a minor component of monomeric α-synuclein. After acute introduction of excess brain-derived human α-synuclein, there was a moderate reduction in the synaptic vesicle cluster and an increase in the number of large, atypical vesicles called “cisternae.” In addition, brain-derived α-synuclein increased synaptic vesicle and cisternae sizes and induced atypical fusion/fission events at the active zone. In contrast to monomeric or dimeric α-synuclein, the brain-derived multimeric α-synuclein did not appear to alter clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Taken together, these data suggest that excess brain-derived human α-synuclein impairs intracellular vesicle trafficking and further corroborate the idea that different molecular species of α-synuclein produce distinct trafficking defects at synapses. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which excess α-synuclein contributes to synaptic deficits and disease phenotypes.
    Description: This work was supported by the NIH (NINDS/NIA R01NS078165 and R01NS078165-S1 to JM; NINDS U54-NS110435, R01-NS109209, and R21-NS107950 to TB); research funds from the Marine Biological Laboratory (to JM); grants from the UK Dementia Research Institute (DRI), which receives its funding from DRI Ltd., the UK Medical Research Council and Alzheimer’s Society, and Alzheimer’s Research UK (to TB); the Michael J. Fox Foundation (Ken Griffin Imaging Award to TB); a Parkinson’s Disease Foundation Stanley Fahn Award (PF-JFA-1884 to TB); the Eisai Pharmaceutical postdoctoral program to TB; and the Chan Zuckerberg Collaborative Pairs Initiative (to TB).
    Keywords: Clathrin mediated endocytosis ; Electron microscopy ; Endosome ; Lamprey ; Reticulospinal synapse
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Moebius, W., Huemmert, S., Ruhwedel, T., Kuzirian, A., & Gould, R. New species can broaden myelin research: suitability of little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. Life, 11(2), (2021): 136, https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020136.
    Description: Although myelinated nervous systems are shared among 60,000 jawed vertebrates, studies aimed at understanding myelination have focused more and more on mice and zebrafish. To obtain a broader understanding of the myelination process, we examined the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. The reasons behind initiating studies at this time include: the desire to study a species belonging to an out group of other jawed vertebrates; using a species with embryos accessible throughout development; the availability of genome sequences; and the likelihood that mammalian antibodies recognize homologs in the chosen species. We report that the morphological features of myelination in a skate hatchling, a stage that supports complex behavioral repertoires needed for survival, are highly similar in terms of: appearances of myelinating oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS); the way their levels of myelination conform to axon caliber; and their identity in terms of nodal and paranodal specializations. These features provide a core for further studies to determine: axon–myelinating cell communication; the structures of the proteins and lipids upon which myelinated fibers are formed; the pathways used to transport these molecules to sites of myelin assembly and maintenance; and the gene regulatory networks that control their expressions.
    Description: This research received no external funding.
    Keywords: Myelin evolution ; Little skate ; Oligodendrocytes ; Schwann cells ; Elasmobranch ; Spinal cord ; Optic nerve ; Electron microscopy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-08-19
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set is the 1st part of a mini-series assembling whole-rock chemical data for late-Variscan granites of the Erzgebirge-Vogtland metallogenic province in the German Erzgebirge, in the Saxothuringian Zone of the Variscan Orogen, which is dedicated to the group of P-F-rich Li-mica granites. Listed are data from the massifs/plutons of Eibenstock in the western Erzgebirge and Annaberg, Geyer, Pobershau, and Seiffen in the central Erzgebirge (Figure 1). All these occurrences represent composite bodies made-up of texturally and geochemically distinct, but cogenetic sub-intrusions, which are associated with intra- und perigranitic aplitic dykes, pegmatitic schlieren, and frequently mineralized quartz veins and greisens (Tables 1-3). These granites exhibit moderately to strongly elevated concentrations of P, F, Li, Rb, Cs, Ta, Sn, W and U, but are low to very low in Ti, Mg, V, Sc, Co, Ni, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, Hf, Th, and the REEs. Crystal-melt fractionation was the dominant process controlling the evolution of bulk composition in the course of massif/pluton formation. However, metasomatic processes involving late-stage residual melts and high-T late- to postmagmatic fluids became increasingly more important in highly evolved units and have variably modified the abundances of mobile elements (P, F, Li, Rb, Cs, Ba, Sr). Interaction with the various country rocks and infiltration of meteoric low-T fluids have further disturbed the initial chemical patterns. The data set reports whole-rock geochemical analyses for granites, aplites, and endocontact rocks obtained for the massifs/plutons of Eibenstock, Pobershau, Satzung, Annaberg, and Geyer. Data are provided as separate excel and csv files. The content of the excel sheet and further information on the granites and regional geology are provided in the data description file.
    Keywords: granite ; rare-metal granite ; peraluminous granite ; aplite ; enclave ; fractional crystallization ; composite pluton ; alteration ; ore mineralization ; whole-rock geochemistry ; tin ; tungsten ; uranium ; lithium ; phosphorus ; fluorine ; Variscan orogen ; Saxothuringian Zone ; Erzgebirge ; Germany ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 ELEMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCKS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 MINERALS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book is a compilation of 10 recently published academic articles addressing sustainable residential landscape design and planning across geographies, scales, and perspectives: from American rain garden design to South Korean urban forestry; from Mexican community open space design to Australian neighborhood park planning; and from Chinese urban design to Bolivian land-use change. This volume brings together authors from a growing community of landscape sustainability scholars of landscape architecture and architecture; planning and construction; ecology and horticulture; agricultural and environmental sciences; and health, exercise, and nutrition. In summary, these papers address facets of a fundamental challenge for the 21st century: the design and planning of sustainable and resilient human settlements.
    Keywords: NA1-9428 ; NX1-820 ; carbon reduction ; intergenerational engagement ; tree planting structure ; urban tree ; All-Area Integrated Development ; residential landscapes ; small towns ; rural landscape architecture ; urban commons ; demolition/relocation-oriented market model (D/RMM) ; parks ; youth at risk ; spatial theory ; wellbeing ; building energy saving ; Guatemala ; land use change ; new rural construction model (NRCM) ; substrate ; phosphorus ; green infrastructure ; Origin Farmer Indigenous Territory ; dwellings ; residential sustainability ; residential neighborhood parks ; sustainable livelihoods ; sustainability ; ecological priority ; CPTED ; ecological service ; circular economy ; action research ; urban villages transformation ; cohousing ; public space recovery ; Bolivian Amazon ; design model ; social sustainability ; community service learning ; rural revitalization ; China ; coordinated development of rural communities & ; shared resources ; rain gardens ; tactical urbanism ; climate sensitive design ; prevention of gender-based violence ; polyculture ; comfort ; Indigenous versus non-indigenous land-use ; bioretention ; monoculture ; landscape performance evaluation ; low impact development ; governance ; territory ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Planting trees in the agricultural landscape, in the form of establishing agroforestry systems, has a significant role to play in potentially improving ecosystem services, such as increased biodiversity, reduced soil erosion, increased soil carbon storage, improved food security and nutrition, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. While the role of trees in agroforestry systems in improving ecosystem services has been researched, studies in new systems/regions and new agroforestry system designs are still emerging. This Special Issue includes selected papers presented at the 4th World Congress on Agroforestry, Montpellier, France 20–22 May 2019, and other volunteer papers. The scope of articles includes all aspects of agroforestry systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; farmers’ knowledge ; ahannon-wiener index ; economic benefits ; alley cropping ; lignin ; shelterbelts ; agroforestry ; natural capital ; forest farming ; nutrient content ; agroforestry system ; review ; Amazonia ; cropland ; riparian buffers ; climate change ; subtropical acidic forest soil ; bees ; phosphorus ; pollination ; 15N tracing experiment ; stable isotope ; West Java ; interspecific competition ; growth form ; cropping system ; climate change mitigation ; gross N transformation rates ; East Africa ; improved-fallow ; N-fixing trees ; carbon sequestration ; home garden ; margalef index ; windbreaks ; leaf nutrient diagnosis ; agroforestry systems ; pollinators ; sorption ; forestland ; China ; temperature change ; fractionation ; hedgerows ; native trees ; slash-and-mulch ; soil N ; shade tree species ; soil C ; Alpinia oxyphylla ; sustainable management ; plant water use ; rubber-based agroforestry system ; ecosystem services ; Indonesia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: One last comment concerns the fundamental contributions of Fourier analysis to quantum physics: Quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; self-electrorefining ; hedyphane group ; structural combinatorics ; CuFe2O4 ; Kamchatka ; Raman ; El Dragón ; apatite supergroup ; borate ; ariegilatite ; oyonite ; Tuscany ; gahnite ; magnesioferrite ; Szklary pegmatite ; aurihydrargyrumite ; Au6Hg5 phase ; Trentino ; Peru ; Germany ; cerromojonite ; sulfosalt ; pyrometamorphism ; Bellerberg volcano ; manganese ; gold ; spinel supergroup ; selenium ; CuAl2O4 ; clinokurchatovite ; sharyginite ; Poland ; copper ; kurchatovite ; copper oxide ; antimony ; nabimusaite group ; laachite ; lead ; thermaerogenite ; intercalated hexagonal antiperovskite ; placer ; Lower Silesia ; Eldfell ; Tolbachik volcano ; structural complexity ; nöggerathite-(Ce) ; Val di Fiemme ; Oyon district ; sanidinite ; cuprospinel ; sulfate ; fumarole sublimate ; Cretaio ; polymorphism ; polytypism ; tiberiobardiite ; fiemmeite ; stacking faults ; CO3-group ; Hatrurim Complex ; least-action principle ; phosphorus ; Laacher See ; new oxalate mineral ; Japan ; verneite ; alkaline volcanic rock ; arsenic ; Raman spectroscopy ; single-crystal investigation ; Rusinovite ; Eifel ; Lima department ; Italy ; barioferrite ; configurational entropy ; Hekla ; mercury ; Bolivia ; parafiniukite ; aluminofluoride ; new mineral ; Shadil-Khokh volcano ; Vesuvius ; bournonite group ; Ehime ; calcium ; lillianite homologous series ; chalcophyllite group ; sou?ekite ; silicate ; pyrometamorphic rocks ; crystal structure ; zirconolite ; bismuth ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Deforestation and land use change have led to a strong reduction of tropical forest cover during the last decades. Climate change will amplify the pressure to the remaining refuges in the next years. In addition, tropical regions are facing increasing atmospheric inputs of nutrients, which will have unknown consequences for the structure and functioning of these systems, no matter if they are within protected areas or not. Even remote areas are expected to receive rising amounts of nutrients. The effects of higher rates of atmospheric nutrient deposition on the biological diversity and ecosystem functioning of tropical ecosystems are poorly understood and our knowledge of nutrient fluxes and nutrient limitation in tropical forest ecosystems is still limited. Yet, it will be of paramount importance to know the effects of increased nutrient availability to conserve these ecosystems with their biological and functional diversity. During the last years, research efforts have more and more focused on the understanding of the role of nutrients in tropical ecosystems and several coordinated projects have been established that study the effects of experimental nutrient addition. This Research Topic combines results from experiments and from observational studies with the aim to review and conclude on our current knowledge on the role of additional nutrients in ecosystems.
    Keywords: GB3-5030 ; Q1-390 ; experimental nutrient manipulation ; global change ; nitrogen ; CO2 ; nutrient limitation ; foliar nutrients ; biogeochemical cycles ; wood anatomy ; phosphorus
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; TX341-641 ; Antioxidants ; Obesity ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Chocolate ; Blood pressure ; Inflammation ; Cognitive function ; Cocoa ; Immunity
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Hardwood-dominated temperate forests (mostly in Eastern North America, Europe, North East Asia) provide valuable renewable timber and numerous ecosystem services. Many of these forests have been subjected to harvesting or conversion to agriculture, sometimes over centuries, that have greatly reduced their former extent and diversity. Natural regeneration following harvesting or during post-agricultural succession has often failed to restore these forests adequately. Past harvesting practices and the valuable timber of some species have led to a reduction in their abundance. The loss of apex predators has caused herbivore populations to increase and exert intense browsing pressure on hardwood regeneration, often preventing it. Particularly important are fruit, nut and acorn bearing species, because of their vital role in forest food webs and biodiversity. Restoring hardwood species to natural forests in which they were formerly more abundant will require a number of forest management actions (e.g., resistant hybrids, deer exclosures/protectors, enrichment planting, underplanting, etc.). Similarly, reforesting areas that were once natural forests will also require new silvicultural knowledge. Global warming trends will intensify the need for interventions to maintain the diversity and function of temperate hardwood forests, as well as for increase hardwood reforestation.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QH540-549.5 ; Q1-390 ; Fagaceae species ; soil disturbance ; non-timber forest products ; precision restoration ; protected landscape area ; tree selection ; cultural diversity ; Quercus rubra ; hardwood restoration ; enrichment planting ; sub-tropical hardwoods ; agroforestry ; herbicide effects ; biological diversity ; competition ; Juglans nigra L. ; understorey ; invasive plants ; wildfire ; forest restoration ; Quercus macrocarpa ; riparian forest restoration ; vegetation management ; assisted migration ; sugar maple ; deer browsing ; species composition ; tolerance ; phosphorus ; growth efficiency index ; floristic quality index ; shelterwood ; Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch ; monitoring ; indicators ; seed predation ; Bioclimatic niche ; non-parametric correlation ; unmanaged forest ; Native Americans ; abandoned agricultural field ; native mixed forests ; tree vigor ; forest diversity ; predation ; weed control ; nitrate ; facilitation ; inventory ; hardwoods ; Mexican tree species ; yellow birch ; tree plantation ; seedling establishment ; deer abundance ; avian guilds ; Pinus strobus L. ; Central Hardwood Forest region ; Pinus strobus ; Durango ; MaxEnt ; Juglans nigra ; oak regeneration ; forest regeneration ; Quercus rubra L. ; deer herbivory ; ecosystem services ; tree shelter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; audition ; monkeys ; gens ; translational ; Humans ; Rodents ; Memory ; Perception ; Physiology ; functional imaging ; Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Climate and anthropogenic changes impact the conditions of erosion and sediment transport in rivers. Rainfall variability and, in many places, the increase of rainfall intensity have a direct impact on rainfall erosivity. Increasing changes in demography have led to the acceleration of land cover changes in natural areas, as well as in cultivated areas, and, sometimes, in degraded areas and desertified landscapes. These anthropogenized landscapes are more sensitive to erosion. On the other hand, the increase in the number of dams in watersheds traps a great portion of sediment fluxes, which do not reach the sea in the same amount, nor at the same quality, with consequences on coastal geomorphodynamics. This book is dedicated to studies on sediment fluxes from continental areas to coastal areas, as well as observation, modeling, and impact analysis at different scales from watershed slopes to the outputs of large river basins. This book is concentrated on a number of keywords: “erosion” and “sediment transport”, “model” and “practice”, and “change”. The keywords are briefly discussed with respect to the relevant literature. The contributions in this book address observations and models based on laboratory and field data, allowing researchers to make use of such resources in practice under changing conditions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; proglacial channels ; watershed ; practice ; modeling ; reservoirs ; degradation ; rill development ; Mediterranean Maghreb Basin ; urban drainage system ; fluvial erosion ; Wadi Mina ; Algeria ; sewer systems ; climate change ; phosphorus ; complex morphodynamics ; incipient deposition ; riverbed ; limiting tractive force ; ruptures ; runoff ; flooding ; soil loss ; suspended sediment ; sedimentation ; sediment ; transfer ; erosion ; specific degradation ; soil erosion ; Xihe River Basin ; water fluxes ; sediment fluxes ; environmental change ; field measurements ; dynamical downscaling ; mixed-size bed material ; two-phase flow ; agriculture ; sloping flume experiments ; mitigation measures ; bed load transport ; shear stress ; flow discharge ; GSD ; shear Reynolds number ; Anthropocene ; human activities ; deposition ; sediment delivery ; soil slurry ; SMBA Dam ; bedload transport ; aggradation ; Czech Republic ; sediment transport ; self-cleansing ; erosion topography ; CCHE1D ; sediment retention ; SWAT model ; migration ; water quality modelling ; hillside reservoirs ; erosion modelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The role of soils for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is multifarious. Soils are the essential basis for food and biomass provision in support of food security (SDG 2) and energy security (SDG 7). Soil carbon sequestration is paramount for climate action (SDG 13). Soil-mediated water purification and retention, nutrient and matter cycling, and soils habitat functions are essential for maintaining ecosystem services and biodiversity (SDG 15). Healthy soils perform well in all these functions simultaneously. However, the globally increasing demand for food, fiber, and bio-based products poses massive challenges to soil health. Minimizing trade-offs between biomass production and soil health requires systemic approaches to assessment and governance of sustainable soil management in agriculture and food systems. It provides interdisciplinary insights into key questions: What are the impacts of agricultural management practices on sustainability targets in specific geophysical and socio-economic contexts? What are the opportunities and risks of future trends such as climate change, digitalization, and emerging technologies for soil management and soil health? How can institutions and governance instruments be improved to enable decision makers to take action on sustainable soil management? The book was initiated in the frame of the National German research program ‘BonaRes—Soil as a sustainable resource for the bioeconomy’, and it is meant to trigger interdisciplinary thinking.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; land management ; risk assessment ; carob ; N leaching ; Syria ; earthworms ; subsoil ; desertification ; alfalfa ; yield potential ; tenant ; dynamic programming ; soil policy ; monitoring ; resource scarcity ; soil management ; crop–livestock interactions ; German Constitutional Law ; gross income ; Germany ; spatially explicit ; creation ethics ; bayesian network ; agricultural practices ; conventional farming ; soil ; soil degradation ; combination of modern and indigenous knowledge ; Costa Rica ; yield ; soils ; rent price ; fertilization ; sustainability assessment ; societal acceptance ; property rights ; justifying soil protection ; subsoil loosening ; behavioural studies ; governance ; agricultural policy ; water infiltration ; sealing ; soil protection ; soil framework directive ; rent proportion ; soil remediation ; so-called organic fertilizer ; soil compaction ; nutrient composition ; phosphorus ; resource use efficiency ; soil pressures ; soil threats ; Europe ; soil functions ; literature review ; sustainability ; conservation agriculture ; institutions ; environmental zones ; soil health ; landowner ; soil governance ; zero tillage ; coffee by-products ; production ; arid oasis ; Laudato si’ ; soil food web ; land ; compaction ; farmer motivations ; agricultural innovation ; crop rotation modelling ; Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response sustainability framework ; contamination ; sustainable soil management ; agricultural yields ; Nicaragua ; sustainable agriculture ; ecosystem services ; legal comparison ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue of Minerals presents recent, select studies that highlight advances in the fields of hydro- and biohydrometallurgy. It aims to attract the interest of readers and especially of young scientists and students in this fascinating scientific discipline.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; counter-current leaching ; metal extraction ; slag ; low-grade saprolitic laterite ; agglomeration ; bioleaching ; white metal ; precipitation ; iodide ; seawater ; reducing agent ; chloride ; chalcopyrite ; pyrite–arsenopyrite galvanic pair ; frontier orbital methods ; acid media ; bottom ash ; phosphorus ; manganese nodules ; waste reuse ; galvanic effect ; gold diiodide ; municipal solid waste incineration ; jarosite ; column leaching ; secondary mining ; iodide-oxidizing bacteria ; leaching ; primary sulfide copper ; heap leaching ; electrochemical ; optimization of parameters ; chloride ion ; reductive mineral dissolution ; tailings ; curing ; acid leaching ; secondary products ; uranium ; ferric ion ; Acidithiobacillus ; limonitic laterites ; iron reduction ; fluorapatite ; nitrate ; gold ; phosphate mineral ; purification ; iodine ; nickel ; sodium sulfite ; pregnant leach solution ; copper sulfide ; sulphuric acid ; laterites ; REE ; pretreatment ; triiodide ; laterite ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The global population aged over 60 is set to rise dramatically in the coming decades. In many countries, the older population now faces the prospect of spending a quarter of their lives aged over 65, and a significant proportion will have to cope with cognitive decline associated with normal ageing or with dementia disorders. Given that these fundamental demographic changes will pose a significant challenge to health care systems, a detailed understanding of age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes is essential in helping elderly populations maintain cognitive performance. In addition, developing sensitive biomarkers to identify those at risk of developing dementia is crucial for early and effective interventions. To make inferences about the ageing process from the animal model back to the human, rigorous behavioral paradigms must be used to ensure that the same function is being examined across species. Given that similar navigational paradigms can easily be applied to humans and animals, recent years have seen an expansion of studies attempting to bridge the gap between age-related changes in animal and human spatial cognition. These studies begin to suggest that disruptions in spatial computations are among the earliest indicators of impending cognitive decline. In addition, although many animal studies have identified pathological mechanisms with paradigms involving spatial navigation, these mechanisms support many nonspatial cognitive functions as well. As a consequence, a successful characterization of how spatial processing changes in the ageing brain could reveal fundamental effects of cognitive ageing that could inform about general mechanisms underlying decline in perception, mnemonic processing and multisensory integration.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroscience ; spatial navigation ; Humans ; Aging ; Animal Models ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 56
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Development of new imaging technologies in recent years has transformed neuroscience in profound ways. Following on the heels of the revolution based on the Green Fluorescent Protein, refined genetically-encoded fluorescent reporters and genetic targeting strategies now enable optical recording of synaptic transmission in defined neuronal populations at speeds approaching the enviable temporal resolution of electrophysiology. Super-resolution light microscopy permits observation of synapses and their molecular machinery at sub-diffraction resolution. At the ultrastructural level, automated forms of electron microscopy, improvements in specimen fixation methods, and recent efforts to correlate data from light and electron micrographs now make the reconstruction of functional neural circuits a reality. Finally, the use of optogenetic actuators, such as channelrhodopsins, allows precise temporal and spatial manipulation of neuronal activity and is revealing profound insights into the organization of neural circuits and their roles in behavior. This research topic highlights recent advances in both light and electron microscopy, with a specific focus on approaches that combine innovations from several different fields to obtain novel information about synapse structure and function. We are confident that this collection of articles - three original research papers, six reviews, one methods paper and one perspective article - will enable neuroscientists to achieve the next generation of experiments aimed at cracking the neural code.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; connectomics ; super-resolution ; optogenetics ; Schizophrenia ; metabotropic glutamate receptors ; brain circuits ; functional imaging ; Electron microscopy ; calcium imaging ; Synaptic Transmission ; synaptic vesicle trafficking ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The papers in this SI present valuable results in the topics of soils, sediments, and water contamination according to the consideration of ecological and health risk. They also point out open questions and possible avenues for future research. Biochar application can benefit both soil conservation and contamination, but further research should be conducted to investigate whether these positive effects can be extended to the field scale. Similar to biochar, scale-up design will be helpful for thin-layer capping in in situ sediments using mixed active amendments. Both physiochemical analysis and bioassays mutually supported the evaluation results of river water quality. However, we need better approaches and policies for management to prevent further contamination from the discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste into this aquatic ecosystem. The use of microorganisms to eliminate antibiotics is a promising strategy, but future work should verify the biodegradation ability of antibiotic-degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment plants.
    Keywords: heavy metal ; pollution ; antioxidant ; enzyme ; biomarkers ; ecological risk ; bioaccessibility ; cadmium ; chemical form ; husk biochar ; risk assessment ; active capping ; toxic metal ; sediment ; remediation ; multiple materials ; mercury ; methylmercury ; salinity ; biochar ; organic carbon ; nutrients ; leaching ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; sludge ; antibiotics ; biodegradation ; bioassays ; gold mining ; health risk ; microbiological indicators ; mutagenicity ; toxicity ; green and sustainable remediation ; SDGs ; thin-layer capping ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; high pressure processing ; n/a ; lipids ; supplementation ; protective factors ; infant ; carbohydrate ; mothers ; antioxidant capacity ; protein ; fat ; cytokines ; bioactive factors ; late preterm ; zinc ; infants ; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ; pregnancy ; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ; Lipidomics ; magnesium ; omega-3 fatty acids ; vitamin D deficiency ; flow injection analysis ; human milk benefits ; multiple source method ; 3?-sialyllactose (3?SL) ; milk banking ; milk group ; pasteurization ; video instruction ; Milk Fat Globule Membrane ; bile salt stimulated lipase ; breastfeeding difficulties ; breastfeeding support ; prematurity ; carotenoids ; hormones ; phosphocholine ; amino acids ; targeted metabolomics ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; choline ; selenium ; ?-linolenic acid ; arachidonic acid (ARA) ; docosahexaenoic acid ; human milk fortification ; protease inhibitors ; celiac disease ; copper ; term ; adipokines ; iodine ; mammary gland ; nutritional status ; food frequency questionnaire ; neonate ; early breastfeeding cessation ; prospective study ; breastfeeding ; mothers’ own milk ; disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) ; country ; lactating women ; undernourishment ; proteases ; preterm ; expressing ; dietary assessment ; retinol ; body composition ; duration of lactation ; passive immunization ; 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL) ; phosphorus ; clinical trial ; growth factors ; infant formula ; digestive tract ; human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) ; sodium ; nutrition ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; lipid metabolites ; lactation ; nervonic acid ; ?-tocopherol ; macronutrients ; glycoprotein ; term infant ; term infants ; maternal diet ; promotion of breastfeeding ; potassium ; antioxidants ; maternal immunoglobulins ; Human Milk ; human milk ; Phospholipids ; flu vaccine ; lactational stage ; lactose ; storage ; dietary intake ; Preterm infant ; immune-active proteins ; colostrum ; human milk fat ; inadequate intake ; milk therapy ; endogenous peptide ; calcium ; fatty acids ; breast milk ; pumping ; secretor ; LC-MS ; n-9 fatty acid ; Lewis ; donor human milk ; antenatal ; online ; iron ; growth ; donor milk ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue, “Research as a Development Perspective”, is dedicated to data presented at the first Conference in Chemistry for Graduate/Postgraduate Students and PhD candidates at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, which was the outcome of research conducted by young chemists in Northern Greece. The conference was organized by the Chemistry Department at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the Association of Greek Chemists-Division of Central and Western Macedonia, and the Association of Chemists in Northern Greece. The scope of this conference was to provide young chemists (but also last year’s students) with the opportunity to be well prepared for their next career steps in an increasingly demanding job market. Moreover, they had the possibility of presenting their scientific results to a large audience, which strengthened their soft skills. Lastly, the active engagement of students in the organization of the conference enhanced their teamwork abilities, a highly valuable when developing professional maturity.
    Keywords: HPLC-DAD ; bisphenol A ; 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid ; 4-Hydroxyacetophenone hydroquinone ; Lactococcus lactis ; reversed-phase liquid chromatography ; ionizable and non-ionizable analytes ; isocratic and gradient elution in different eluent pHs ; computer-assisted separation optimization ; visualization of predicted chromatograms ; silk fibroin ; drug delivery ; magnetic silk fibroin ; bovine serum albumin ; food ; sample preparation techniques ; sulfonamides ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; HPLC ; ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography ; UHPLC ; Derveni ; Ancient Macedonia ; micro-XRF ; XRD ; HS-SPME/GC-MS ; ancient medicines ; ancient pharmaceuticals ; shellfish purple ; porphyra ; high-tin bronzes ; bronzes ; phosphorus ; boron ; inductively coupled plasma ; atomic emission spectrometry ; fertilizers ; acid dissolution ; wet digestion ; NSAIDs ; derivatization ; GC-MS ; serum ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 61
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Advances in nanotechnology have boosted the development of more efficient materials, with emerging sectors (electronics, energy, aerospace, etc.) demanding novel materials to fulfill the complex technical requirements of their products. This is the case of polymeric foams, which may display good structural properties alongside functional characteristics through a complex composition and (micro)structure in which a gas phase is combined with rigid ones, mainly based on nanoparticles, dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. In recent years, there has been an important impulse in the development of nanocomposite foams, extending the concept of nanocomposites to the field of cellular materials. This, alongside developments in new advanced foaming technologies which have allowed the generation of foams with micro, sub-micro, and even nanocellular structures, has extended the applications of more traditional foams in terms of weight reduction, damping, and thermal and/or acoustic insulation to novel possibilities, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. This Special Issue, which consists of a total of 22 articles, including one review article written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on novel polymer-based foams in all their aspects: design, composition, processing and fabrication, microstructure, characterization and analysis, applications and service behavior, recycling and reuse, etc.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; graphene oxide ; n/a ; microstructure ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; electromagnetic wave absorption ; polyamide ; lignin ; expandable microspheres ; surfactants ; aluminum microfibers ; biomaterials ; permittivity ; compression properties ; shock compression ; syntactic foams ; 1 ; impact wedge–peel test ; phenolic foams ; 3 ; foam extrusion ; energy conservation ; heat transfer ; heterogeneous nucleation ; polyurethane foam ; leaching test ; functional ; cellulose foam ; impact property ; foam injection molding ; itaconic acid ; composites ; foaming quality ; phosphorus flame retardants ; polymer waste ; metallic tube ; 5-benzene-trisamides ; polyurethane foam composites ; polyetherimide foams ; scCO2 ; Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ; thermal conductivity ; ethyl cellulose ; super critical CO2 ; thermal insulation ; cell nucleation ; crystalline ; polypropylene ; PZT ; burning characteristic ; foams ; quasi-static compression tests ; flame-retardant ABS microcellular foams ; nanotubes ; conductivity ; energy absorption capability ; intrinsic toughness ; ternary synergistic effect ; multilayers ; absorbent PMI foam ; semi-rigid polyurethane foams ; phosphorus ; EMI ; supramolecular additives ; MuCell® injection-molding foaming ; piezocomposite ; ultrasonication ; scCO2 foaming ; automobile structural adhesives ; thermogravimetric analysis ; rigid polyurethane foam ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; multifunctional foams ; SANS ; fluoelastomer ; sound absorption coefficient ; acoustic performances ; functional foam ; foam morphology ; mechanical property ; polystyrene foams ; piezoelectric ; graphene ; Pluronic ; epoxy composite foam adhesive ; polymers ; flame retardancy ; core–shell rubber ; extrusion foaming ; equation of state ; cellulose nanofiber ; epoxy ; DOPO ; PUR ; grey relational analysis ; activation energies ; adjacent façade ; electrical conductivity ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Abstract: Hydrological conditions at the Kleiner Landgraben Valley (Neubrandenburg, NE Germany) were planned to be modified as a part of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern peatland conservation program. Before restoring hydrological conditions, extensive top-soil removal from drained fens was also scheduled. By doing so, phosphorus, ammonia and methane release from rewetted fens is pretended to be strongly reduced. Moreover, a marked nitrate export reduction is expected, what will decrease N fluxes into the Baltic Sea. Several field and laboratory experiments were performed in the period 2009-2012 in order to evaluate: a) the influence of agricultural activities in the catchment on nutrient load over the lowland fens and nutrient export from drained fens site; b) the groundwater fluctuation at drained fen, c) the phosphorus release potential from the upper peat layer, and d) the impact of top-soil removal on the level of phosphorus concentrations in the surface water of inundated peatlands. Such previous research served as a basis of a laboratory experiment aiming to investigate the influence of the degree of peat decomposition, temperature and N load over nitrate removal and phosphorus turnover. According to our results, nitrate is efficiently removed from highly degraded peat (up to 90 %), whereas phosphorus release decreased at increasing nitrate load and is negligible in less decomposed peat. Moreover, moderately decomposed peat was also observed to have a high nitrate removal potential. Our results provide useful insights for the management of rewetted fens, and can be applied in another agricultural watershed within the NE Germany glacial landscape.
    Description: Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen des Moorschutzprogramms von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern war eine hydrologische Umgestaltung des Kleinen Landgrabentals bei Neubrandenburg geplant. Dazu waren auch großflächige Flachabtorfungen im entwässerten Moor vorgesehen. Diese Maßnahme sollte dazu beitragen, eine hohe Phosphor-, Ammonium- und Methan-Freisetzung nach einer Moorvernässung zu unterbinden. Gleichzeitig sollte eine deutliche Reduzierung der Nitratausträge aus dem Einzugsgebiet des Kleinen Landgrabens erfolgen, um letztlich die N-Belastung der Ostsee zu senken. Im Zeitraum 2009 bis 2012 wurden daher umfangreiche Freiland- und Laboruntersuchungen zu folgenden Themen durchgeführt: (a) Höhe der Nährstoffbelastung des Moores durch das landwirtschaftlich genutzte Einzugsgebiet und des Nährstoffaustrages aus dem entwässerten Moor, (b) Schwankungen der Grundwasserstände im Moor unter entwässerten Bedingungen, (c) Höhe des P-Freisetzungspotenzials im Oberboden und daraus resultierendes P-Austragsrisiko und (d) Einfluss einer Flachabtorfung auf die Höhe der P-Konzentrationen im Freiwasser überstauter Moore. Diese Ergebnisse waren Grundlage für Laborversuche zur Bestimmung der Nitratreduktion sowie der P-Dynamik in Abhängigkeit von Torfqualität, Temperatur und äußerer Nitratbelastung. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Nitratrückhalt besonders hoch in den vererdeten Torfen ausfällt (bis zu 90 %), aber auch mäßig zersetzte Torfe wiesen noch ein großes Nitratrückhaltepotenzial auf. Gleichzeitig wurde in den vererdeten Torfen bei einer hohen Nitratbelastung die Phosphorfreisetzung stark herabgesetzt wobei die Phosphorfreisetzung in mittel zersetzten Torfen generell sehr gering ausfiel. Auf der Basis dieser Ergebnisse wurden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Wiedervernässungspraxis abgeleitet, die auf andere Regionen des pleistozän geprägten nordostdeutschen Tieflandes übertragbar sind.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; Niedermoor ; Phosphor ; Wiedervernässung ; peatland ; fen ; nature conservation ; phosphorus ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Gills of catfish Silurus glanis (300 g weight) of Mahabad Dam (Iran) were examined for structural attributes in 2004. Immediately after catch, gills were removed and placed in Bouin and Glutaraldehyde for structural and microscopic examinations. For classical histological assessment, samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and examined under light microscope. For electron microscopy, cuts 90 nanometers each were prepared and stainted with Uranyl Acetate and Lead Citrate, covered with silver, examined and photographed. We found the gill cells being composed of ionocyte alpha , beta , accessory, mucous, pillar and mosaic cells. The ionocytes were located at the base of the gill rakers and intra-aker spaces. These structural attributes of ionocyte cells demonstrate their active role in osmotic regulation of catfish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Light microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Silurus glanis ; Histology ; Cells ; Gills ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.51-62
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (2018): 723, doi:10.3390/ijerph15040723.
    Description: There has been a massive increase in recent years of the use of lead (Pb) isotopes in attempts to better understand sources and pathways of Pb in the environment and in man or experimental animals. Unfortunately, there have been many cases where the quality of the isotopic data, especially that obtained by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS), are questionable, resulting in questionable identification of potential sources, which, in turn, impacts study interpretation and conclusions. We present several cases where the isotopic data have compromised interpretation because of the use of only the major isotopes 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb, or their graphing in other combinations. We also present some examples comparing high precision data from thermal ionization (TIMS) or multi-collector plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) to illustrate the deficiency in the Q-ICP-MS data. In addition, we present cases where Pb isotopic ratios measured on Q-ICP-MS are virtually impossible for terrestrial samples. We also evaluate the Pb isotopic data for rat studies, which had concluded that Pb isotopic fractionation occurs between different organs and suggest that this notion of biological fractionation of Pb as an explanation for isotopic differences is not valid. Overall, the brief review of these case studies shows that Q-ICP-MS as commonly practiced is not a suitable technique for precise and accurate Pb isotopic analysis in the environment and health fields
    Keywords: Lead isotopes ; ICP-MS ; TIMS ; MC-ICP-MS ; Environment ; Humans ; Rats ; Fractionation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Neuroscience 38 (2018): 6586-6596, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1034-18.2018.
    Description: In the nervous system, myelination of axons enables rapid impulse conduction and is a specialized function of glial cells. Myelinating glia are the last cell type to emerge in the evolution of vertebrate nervous systems, presumably in ancient jawed vertebrates (gnathostomata) because jawless vertebrates (agnathans) lack myelin. We have hypothesized that, in these unmyelinated species, evolutionary progenitors of myelinating cells must have existed that should still be present in contemporary agnathan species. Here, we used advanced electron microscopic techniques to reveal axon–glia interactions in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. By quantitative assessment of the spinal cord and the peripheral lateral line nerve, we observed a marked maturation-dependent growth of axonal calibers. In peripheral nerves, all axons are ensheathed by glial cells either in bundles or, when larger than the threshold caliber of 3 μm, individually. The ensheathing glia are covered by a basal lamina and express SoxE-transcription factors, features of mammalian Remak-type Schwann cells. In larval lamprey, the ensheathment of peripheral axons leaves gaps that are closed in adults. CNS axons are also covered to a considerable extent by glial processes, which contain a high density of intermediate filaments, glycogen particles, large lipid droplets, and desmosomes, similar to mammalian astrocytes. Indeed, by in situ hybridization, these glial cells express the astrocyte marker Aldh1l1. Specimens were of unknown sex. Our observations imply that radial sorting, ensheathment, and presumably also metabolic support of axons are ancient functions of glial cells that predate the evolutionary emergence of myelin in jawed vertebrates.
    Description: This work was supported by the Cluster of Excellence and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (M-T.W., K.-A.N, T.S., and W.M.), the DFG (Grants WE 2720/2-2 and WE 2720/4-1 to H.B.W.), and the European Research Council (Advanced Grant to K.-A.N.
    Description: 2019-01-18
    Keywords: Axon–glia interaction ; Electron microscopy ; Myelin ; Oligodendrocyte ; Radial sorting ; Schwann cell
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Muestras de fitoplancton de aguas de mar y de red de arrastre fueron recolectadas abordo del BAE "ORION" del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, durante el período de 1972-1979. La mayor parte de las especies fueron identificadas mediante el miscroscopio estandar de Zeiss con optovar incorporado, y el microscopio invertido utilizado para los contajes celulares. La identificación de las células más pequeñas fue confirmada con el Miscroscopio Electrónico de Barrido. 37 especies de cocolitofóridos fueron reconocidos y serán incorporados en los conteos celulares de las investigaciones futuras. Estos organismos constituyeron una población muy importante del fitoplancton marino de aguas ecuatorianas, y contribuyeron en muchas ocasiones, hasta con el 90% de la biomasa total.
    Description: Sea water and net phytoplankton samples were collected in coastal and oceanic water off Ecuador, aboard of the BAE "ORION", of the Oceanographic Institute of the Navy, from 1972 to 1979, Most of the phytoplankton species were identified under the standard microscope Zeiss with incorporated optovar and invert microscope used for cell counting. The identification of the small size cells were confirm under the scanning electron microscope. 37 species of coccolithophores were recognized and will be included in later researchs into the total cell counting. They were a very important component of the marine phytoplankton of the ecuadorian waters and contributed, in some ocassions, as much as the 90% of the total biomass.
    Description: 2da. updated edition, includes 28 bibliographic references
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cocolotofóridos ; Phytoplankton ; Taxonomy ; Cell counters ; Electron microscopy ; Cruises
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.209-249
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haddad, Nick M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. nick_haddad@ncsu.ed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; *Transportation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Telomeres are the protective end-complexes at the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomere attrition can lead to potentially maladaptive cellular changes, block cell division, and interfere with tissue replenishment. Recent advances in the understanding of human disease processes have clarified the roles of telomere biology, especially in diseases of human aging and in some aging-related processes. Greater overall telomere attrition predicts mortality and aging-related diseases in inherited telomere syndrome patients, and also in general human cohorts. However, genetically caused variations in telomere maintenance either raise or lower risks and progression of cancers, in a highly cancer type-specific fashion. Telomere maintenance is determined by genetic factors and is also cumulatively shaped by nongenetic influences throughout human life; both can interact. These and other recent findings highlight both causal and potentiating roles for telomere attrition in human diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackburn, Elizabeth H -- Epel, Elissa S -- Lin, Jue -- CA096840/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM026259/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1193-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. elizabeth.blackburn@ucsf.edu. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Cell Division/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Life Style ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Stress, Physiological ; Telomerase/metabolism ; Telomere/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Telomere Homeostasis/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Certification/*methods ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mathematics/education ; *Online Systems ; Science/education ; *Social Class ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1188-90. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Telomere Homeostasis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Escobar, Herton -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1138-9. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1138. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arsenic/analysis ; Brazil ; Copper/analysis ; *Disasters ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Food Chain ; Humans ; Mercury/analysis ; Metals, Heavy/*analysis ; Rivers ; Sewage/*analysis ; Structure Collapse ; *Tsunamis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. fscheid@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Separation/methods ; HIV Antibodies/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV Infections/*blood ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Mice ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients have an increased prevalence of extracardiac congenital anomalies (CAs) and risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). Exome sequencing of 1213 CHD parent-offspring trios identified an excess of protein-damaging de novo mutations, especially in genes highly expressed in the developing heart and brain. These mutations accounted for 20% of patients with CHD, NDD, and CA but only 2% of patients with isolated CHD. Mutations altered genes involved in morphogenesis, chromatin modification, and transcriptional regulation, including multiple mutations in RBFOX2, a regulator of mRNA splicing. Genes mutated in other cohorts examined for NDD were enriched in CHD cases, particularly those with coexisting NDD. These findings reveal shared genetic contributions to CHD, NDD, and CA and provide opportunities for improved prognostic assessment and early therapeutic intervention in CHD patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homsy, Jason -- Zaidi, Samir -- Shen, Yufeng -- Ware, James S -- Samocha, Kaitlin E -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- DePalma, Steven R -- McKean, David -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Gorham, Josh -- Jin, Sheng Chih -- Deanfield, John -- Giardini, Alessandro -- Porter, George A Jr -- Kim, Richard -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc -- Tikhonova, Irina -- Mane, Shrikant -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Qi, Hongjian -- Vardarajan, Badri -- Ma, Lijiang -- Daly, Mark -- Roberts, Amy E -- Russell, Mark W -- Mital, Seema -- Newburger, Jane W -- Gaynor, J William -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Iossifov, Ivan -- Ronemus, Michael -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Lifton, Richard P -- Seidman, Christine E -- Chung, Wendy K -- T32 HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1262-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation and Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK. National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. ; Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA. ; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. ; Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/metabolism ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nervous System Malformations/*genetics ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Prognosis ; RNA Splicing/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It serves both as a critical coenzyme for enzymes that fuel reduction-oxidation reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, and as a cosubstrate for other enzymes such as the sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases. Cellular NAD(+) concentrations change during aging, and modulation of NAD(+) usage or production can prolong both health span and life span. Here we review factors that regulate NAD(+) and discuss how supplementation with NAD(+) precursors may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for aging and its associated disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verdin, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1208-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gladstone Institutes, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; DNA Damage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Fatty Liver/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NAD/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Sirtuins/metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurtley, Stella -- Roberts, Leslie -- Ray, L Bryan -- Purnell, Beverly A -- Ash, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1180-1. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Health ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Telomere/*genetics ; *Telomere Homeostasis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ford, Adam T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7134.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. adamford@uoguelph.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Antelopes ; *Dogs ; Endangered Species ; *Food Chain ; *Grassland ; *Herbivory ; Humans ; Plants
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Flow regulation and irrigation alter local freshwater conditions, but their global effects are highly uncertain. We investigated these global effects from 1901 to 2008, using hydroclimatic observations in 100 large hydrological basins. Globally, we find consistent and dominant effects of increasing relative evapotranspiration from both activities, and decreasing temporal runoff variability from flow regulation. The evapotranspiration effect increases the long-term average human consumption of fresh water by 3563 +/- 979 km(3)/year from 1901-1954 to 1955-2008. This increase raises a recent estimate of the current global water footprint of humanity by around 18%, to 10,688 +/- 979 km(3)/year. The results highlight the global impact of local water-use activities and call for their relevant account in Earth system modeling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaramillo, Fernando -- Destouni, Georgia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1248-51. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1010.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Goteborg, Sweden. fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se. ; Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agricultural Irrigation ; Climate Change ; *Drinking ; *Fresh Water ; Humans ; Plant Transpiration ; Water Supply/*standards
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: The potential for the gut microbiota to affect health has a particular relevance for older individuals. This is because the microbiota may modulate aging-related changes in innate immunity, sarcopaenia, and cognitive function, all of which are elements of frailty. Both cell culture-dependent and -independent studies show that the gut microbiota of older people differs from that of younger adults. There is no chronological threshold or age at which the composition of the microbiota suddenly alters; rather, changes occur gradually with time. Our detailed analyses have separated the microbiota into groups associated with age, long-term residential care, habitual diet, and degree of retention of a core microbiome. We are beginning to understand how these groups change with aging and how they relate to clinical phenotypes. These data provide a framework for analyzing microbiota-health associations, distinguishing correlation from causation, identifying microbiota interaction with physiological aging processes, and developing microbiota-based health surveillance for older adults.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Toole, Paul W -- Jeffery, Ian B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8469.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 Y337, Ireland. pwotoole@ucc.ie. ; School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 Y337, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Aging ; Food Habits ; Frail Elderly ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Health ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akiyama, Hiroko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1135. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9386.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hiroko Akiyama is a professor at the Institute of Gerontology at the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan. akiyama@iog.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; *Longevity ; Retirement ; Social Security
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexandrov, Ludmil B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. lba@lanl.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Simulation ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genomics/*methods ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; *Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amigo, Ignacio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1286. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ignacio Amigo is a postdoctoral researcher in the biochemistry department of the Chemistry Institute at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Parenting/*psychology ; *Paternal Behavior
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Age is the greatest risk factor for nearly every major cause of mortality in developed nations. Despite this, most biomedical research focuses on individual disease processes without much consideration for the relationships between aging and disease. Recent discoveries in the field of geroscience, which aims to explain biological mechanisms of aging, have provided insights into molecular processes that underlie biological aging and, perhaps more importantly, potential interventions to delay aging and promote healthy longevity. Here we describe some of these advances, along with efforts to move geroscience from the bench to the clinic. We also propose that greater emphasis should be placed on research into basic aging processes, because interventions that slow aging will have a greater effect on quality of life compared with disease-specific approaches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaeberlein, Matt -- Rabinovitch, Peter S -- Martin, George M -- P30AG013280/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1191-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@uw.edu. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Diet ; Exercise ; Geriatrics/*trends ; *Health ; Humans ; Mortality ; Preventive Medicine/*trends ; Risk Factors ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Translational Medical Research/trends
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Caloric Restriction ; Death ; Humans ; Hydra/genetics/physiology ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/physiology
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Research into stem cells and aging aims to understand how stem cells maintain tissue health, what mechanisms ultimately lead to decline in stem cell function with age, and how the regenerative capacity of somatic stem cells can be enhanced to promote healthy aging. Here, we explore the effects of aging on stem cells in different tissues. Recent research has focused on the ways that genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and the extrinsic environmental milieu influence stem cell functionality over time. We describe each of these three factors, the ways in which they interact, and how these interactions decrease stem cell health over time. We are optimistic that a better understanding of these changes will uncover potential strategies to enhance stem cell function and increase tissue resiliency into old age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodell, Margaret A -- Rando, Thomas A -- P01 AG036695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG047820/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR062185/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG023806/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3388.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu. ; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and Center for Regenerative Rehabilitation, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*physiology ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genetic Drift ; *Health ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Organ Specificity ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenbaum, Dov -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1176. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1176-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zvi Meitar Institute for Legal Implications of Emerging Technologies, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya Israel and Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 10463, USA. dov.greenbaum@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clothing ; Humans ; *Military Personnel ; *Robotics ; Walking/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1182-5. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cats ; Dogs ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Pets/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Ry -- Gill, Jason J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ryland@tamu.edu jason.gill@tamu.edu. ; Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ryland@tamu.edu jason.gill@tamu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacteriocins ; Biological Therapy/*methods ; Burns/microbiology/therapy ; *Caudovirales ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*therapy ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1139-40. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/trends ; DNA/*genetics ; Drug Discovery/*methods ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; Drug Industry/trends ; Humans ; *Small Molecule Libraries
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6282.128. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/virology ; Angola/epidemiology ; Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; World Health Organization ; Yellow Fever/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Yellow Fever Vaccine/*administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1143. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinetobacter/*growth & development ; Animals ; *Death ; Humans ; Mice ; Moraxellaceae/*growth & development ; Rhizobiaceae/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):391-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.391. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology ; Echinococcosis/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcus/isolation & purification ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; *Refugees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Biometric Identification/*methods ; Cell Phones ; Clothing ; *Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/isolation & purification ; Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, Rosalind A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1494. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosalind A. Segal is a neurobiology professor at Harvard Medical School and co-chair of cancer biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Neurobiology/manpower ; *Sexism ; *Women, Working
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claiborne, Anne B -- English, Rebecca A -- Kahn, Jeffrey P -- 10002265/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):668-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3091. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. aclaiborne@nas.edu. ; Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. ; Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ethics, Medical ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*prevention & control ; Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy/*ethics/*standards ; *Oocytes ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; *Zygote
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Estonia ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Ships ; Skeleton ; Slavery/*history ; Sweden
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1130-2. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bites and Stings ; Criminal Law/*statistics & numerical data ; Dermatoglyphics ; Firearms ; Forensic Sciences/legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Humans ; Wounds, Gunshot
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):15. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Cell Differentiation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*transplantation ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Regenerative Medicine/*economics/*trends ; Retina/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cell Research/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):501-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6285.501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China/epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Disease Outbreaks/*history ; Europe/epidemiology ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Plague/epidemiology/*history/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/*classification/genetics/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):111-2. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Drinking Water ; *Droughts ; Humans ; Indian Ocean ; Iraq ; Mesopotamia ; Salinity ; Warfare ; Water Resources/*supply & distribution ; *Wetlands
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):434. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6272.434.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Retroviral Agents/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*virology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/*virology ; Male ; Mutagenesis ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Virus Replication
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