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  • Articles  (9)
  • Other Sources
  • land use  (9)
  • Springer  (9)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sprawl tales: Maryland's Smart Growth Initiative and the evolution of growth management (1999)
    Springer
    Urban ecosystems 3 (1999), S. 131-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1642
    Keywords: growth management ; smart growth ; land use ; planning ; environmental policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Over the last 25 years, momentum has grown for a policy response to issues raised by development and land use patterns at the urban-suburban-rural interface. Various states and municipalities throughout the country have experimented with legislative and planning approaches, often referred to as “growth management,” to address these land use issues. This paper examines one of the most recent steps in the evolution of growth management, the Smart Growth Initiative enacted by Maryland in April 1997. The paper addresses several questions: What is the Smart Growth Initiative and where does it fit in the evolution of growth management? What processes were used to incorporate diverse values and perspectives in developing the initiative? What are the prospects for its implementation? The paper briefly reviews growth management, its evolution over the last quarter century, and the use of stakeholder involvement and consensus-building processes for policy development. With this background, the Smart Growth Initiative is examined in detail, including the group processes employed to incorporate diverse values in both developing and implementing the initiative. Finally, the paper closes by placing the Smart Growth Initiative in the context of evolving growth management approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009527930434
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A micro-analysis of land use and travel in five neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area (1997)
    Springer
    Transportation 24 (1997), S. 125-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: attitude -- behavior relationships ; land use ; traditional neighborhood developments ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the effects of land use and attitudinal characteristics on travel behavior for five diverse San Francisco Bay Area neighborhoods. First, socio-economic and neighborhood characteristics were regressed against number and proportion of trips by various modes. The best models for each measure of travel behavior confirmed that neighborhood characteristics add significant explanatory power when socio-economic differences are controlled for. Specifically, measures of residential density, public transit accessibility, mixed land use, and the presence of sidewalks are significantly associated with trip generation by mode and modal split. Second, 39 attitude statements relating to urban life were factor analyzed into eight factors: pro-environment, pro-transit, suburbanite, automotive mobility, time pressure, urban villager, TCM, and workaholic. Scores on these factors were introduced into the six best models discussed above. The relative contributions of the socio-economic, neighborhood, and attitudinal blocks of variables were assessed. While each block of variables offers some significant explanatory power to the models, the attitudinal variables explained the highest proportion of the variation in the data. The finding that attitudes are more strongly associated with travel than are land use characteristics suggests that land use policies promoting higher densities and mixtures may not alter travel demand materially unless residents' attitudes are also changed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017959825565
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understory plant species composition in remnant stands along an urban-to-rural land-use gradient (1997)
    Springer
    Urban ecosystems 1 (1997), S. 155-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1642
    Keywords: urban ; rural ; gradients ; land use ; biological conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We examined the understory species composition of 24 remnant forest stands along an urban-to-rural gradient in the metropolitan Milwaukee, Wisconsin region to determine the relationships between plant community composition, human disturbance, and contrasting types of land use along a gradient of urbanization. A significant difference was found in shrub species community composition among three contrasting land-use categories but no significant difference was found in herbaceous community composition. Significant differences in human activity existed among rural, urban, and urbanizing land-use categories, but this index of disturbance was not significantly correlated to gradients in species composition. All stands in this study had been subjected to various types of human activity and environmental disturbances in the past. Our data suggest that differences in the relative importance of understory species exist among stands but these differences may not be caused by the impacts of urbanization alone. Changes in the natural disturbance regime of this landscape, along with the impacts associated with urbanization, have led to an individualistic response in the compositional dynamics of forest stands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018523511071
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods for spatial and temporal land use and land cover assessment for urban ecosystems and application in the greater Baltimore-Chesapeake region (1997)
    Springer
    Urban ecosystems 1 (1997), S. 201-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1642
    Keywords: land use ; land cover ; urbanization ; urban-rural gradient ; paleoecology ; GIS ; historical mapping ; Baltimore-Chesapeake region ; history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Understanding contemporary urban landscapes requires multiple sets of spatially and temporally compatible data that can integrate historical land use patterns and disturbances to land cover. This paper presents three principal methods: (1) core analysis; (2) historic mapping; and (3) gradient analysis, to link spatial and temporal data for urban ecosystems and applies their use in the Baltimore-Chesapeake region. Paleoecological evidence derived from the geochronology of sediment cores provides data on long-term as well as recent changes in vegetative land cover. This information, combined with contemporary vegetation maps, provides a baseline for conducting trend analyses to evaluate urbanization of the landscape. A 200-year historical land use database created from historical maps, census data, and remotely sensed data provides a spatial framework for investigating human impacts on the region. A geographic information system (GIS) integrates core analyses with historic data on land use change to yield a comprehensive land use and land cover framework and rates of change. These data resources establish the regional foundation for investigating the ecological components of an urban ecosystem. Urban-rural gradient analyses and patch analyses are proposed as the most appropriate methods for studying the urban ecosystem as they link ecological and social patterns and processes for varying degrees of urbanization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018583729727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Land use dynamics and ecological transition: the case of South Florida (1997)
    Springer
    Urban ecosystems 1 (1997), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1642
    Keywords: land use ; ecological transition ; hierarchical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This study examines the process of land use change in South Florida. Through this discussion, a conceptual model of ecological transition is developed and presented. The model is built on the general principles of neoclassical economic theories of land rent, behavioral models of resource use, and an historical geographic account of environmental change. Central to the paper is the specification of the theoretical link between demographics, market and service demands, land use, and ecological change. This study focuses on the nature and drivers of environmental change that has occurred in South Florida since 1900. The region studied includes the southern Florida Everglades and the surrounding area. The analysis determines that massive land useland cover has taken place in the region, particularly since the end of World War II. These landscape changes are conceptualized by a model that links regional demand for both agricultural and residential land through the agency of hierarchical forces. In this model, landscape evolution and natural areas encroachment are articulated as a dynamic process in which the regime of interaction between human systems and land use changes. Three main time periods for regional ecological transition are defined: (1) frontier closure (2) articulation of a system of cities with coupled agricultural hinterlands serving national and international markets. Differing land use change dynamics are identified as specific to each time period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014311116523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traditional neighborhoods and commuting in the San Francisco Bay area (1996)
    Springer
    Transportation 23 (1996), S. 373-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: land use ; matched pairs ; modal splits ; neo-traditional ; transit-oriented
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Neo-traditional designs, proponents argue, reduce dependency on the automobile and provide attractive environments for walking, bicycling, and transit riding. This paper explores the extent to which this proposition holds for seven traditional neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area that evolved around early streetcar services. Matched-pair comparisons of modal shares and trip generation rates for work trips are made between these neighborhoods and newer auto-oriented suburbs, controlling for the effects of income and, to a lesser extent, existing bus service levels. Pedestrian/bicycle modal shares and trip rates tended to be considerably higher, in some cases five time as high, in transit-oriented than in the paired auto-oriented neighborhood. Transit neighborhoods also averaged around 70 more daily transit work trips per 1,000 households than auto-oriented neighborhoods, though trip rates varied considerably among neighborhood pairs. Higher residential densities were also found to have a proportionately greater impact on transit commuting in transit-oriented than in auto-oriented neighborhoods. The paper concludes that in order to yield significant transportation benefits, neo-traditional development must be coordinated with larger regional planning efforts and public policy initiatives to reduce automobile dependency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223062
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tale of two cities (1995)
    Springer
    Transportation 22 (1995), S. 273-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: land use ; LUTRAQ ; travel behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Land use and transportation mutually affect each other. Unfortunately, most transportation decision making procedures assume that public agencies cannot shape future land use patterns, and that past land use practices unswervingly determine future conditions. In “A Tale of Two Cities,” the author surveys the correlations between land use policies and travel behavior in two Oregon cities (Portland and Hillsboro). Building on successes the City of Portland has achieved in reducing reliance on the automobile, the author outlines a recent project by 1000 Friends of Oregon, titled “Making the Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality Connection” (LUTRAQ). According to the author, the purpose of LUTRAQ is to replicate Portland's approach in a more suburban context. Specifically, LUTRAQ is attempting to develop a realistic land use/transportation/demand management alternative to a proposed new bypass freeway and to accurately measure that alternative for its effects on travel demand, land use, air quality, climate change, and other indices. Although LUTRAQ is a project in progress, the author provides preliminary information that suggests the alternative successfully reduces demand for single occupancy automobile travel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01099473
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Land use around suburban transit stations (1990)
    Springer
    Transportation 17 (1990), S. 67-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: BART ; economic development ; land use ; METRO ; rapid transit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Land use change in some form is cited by both supporters and critics of rapid transit deployment. This paper examines and categorizes land use around twenty stations located in suburban Washington, D.C. and San Francisco/Oakland through the use of aerial photographs and field investigations. As a case study of local economic development, it documents the land use pattern associated with two modern heavy rail, rapid transit networks — BART and METRO. Both BART and METRO impact land use around suburban stations. The primary contributors to station area development are residential and commercial developers in addition to the transportation providers themselves. The trend toward more intense development away from the regional CBD toward suburban station areas indicates a wave of influence moving into the hinterland via transit lines. While trends of land use are apparent, individual station areas seem to be dictated by local conditions such as markets, land use restrictions, accessibility, population, and physical geography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02125504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dealing with congestion from a regional perspective The case of Massachusetts (1989)
    Springer
    Transportation 16 (1989), S. 197-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: transportation congestion ; demand management ; transportation planning ; land use ; growth management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Traffic congestion has received considerable public and media attention over the past several years. However, many of the transportation and land use actions offered to deal with the congestion phenomenon focus only on a specific site or at most a subregion of the metropolitan area. This paper argues that congestion in many cases is an areawide phenomenon requiring consideration from a regional and programmatic viewpoint. A ten-point congestion-relief program developed for eastern Massachusetts is described. Actions in this program included those aimed to mitigate current congestion and avoid future congestion through land use management. Four policy areas are emphasized - providing transportation system improvements, managing transportation demand, managing land use, and managing the institutional and funding framework. The paper concludes that because of the political nature of the congestion problem, the congestion-relief program's importance lies more in the message it sends to the public that programmatic action is being taken. The paper also concludes that a regional approach is necessary thus requiring close examination of existing institutions, that demand management is an important component of the strategy, that the private sector has an important role to play, and that the long-term effectiveness of the program relates to the success of attempts to “institutionalize” efforts into zoning and permit procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165769
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