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  • Articles  (15)
  • Solar energy technologies  (15)
  • Oxford University Press  (15)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (15)
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  • Articles  (15)
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  • Oxford University Press  (15)
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  • 1
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    Alternative coating technologies for metal-ceramic nanocomposite films: potential application for solar thermal absorber (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Metal–ceramic nanocomposite films for solar absorbers have been obtained by electro-deposition. This coating technique uses a mixed solution of nickel nanoparticles and sub-micron alumina particles. The relative ratio of Ni-to-Al in these films is varied by tuning the concentration of nickel and alumina particles in the starting solution. Three films with different Ni/Al ratio have been prepared and characterized with X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Even in absence of any heat treatment, significant amount of nickel in metallic state has been found in all three samples.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Performance study of a static low-concentration evacuated tube solar collector for medium-temperature applications (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: With the development of the energy demands, solar energy medium-temperature applications (〉80°C) for refrigeration, building heating, seawater desalination, thermal power generation etc. has become popular research fields. The article presents an investigation on a static low-concentration evacuated tube (LCET) solar collector for medium-temperature applications. Ray trace outcome at the incident angles between 0 and 60° shows that the average optical efficiency can reach 76.9%. The experimental testing was conducted in the medium temperature range of 80 and 140°C which indicates the instantaneous thermal efficiency is still larger than about 30.0%, and the instantaneous exergetic efficiency is 〉5.92%. The results comprehensively indicate the good performance of LCET solar collector for medium-temperature applications.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Numerical assessment of energy contribution by building integrated photovoltaics in a commercial/office building refurbishment in UK (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: The generation and supply of electricity to residential and commercial/office buildings has been well established in different parts of the world for some decades now. However, sources like coal, nuclear and gas turbine electric generators which constitute most of the technologies applied in grid power stations usually involve fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions which are not environmentally friendly. As a solution to reduce the global carbon footprint and provide sustainable source of electricity, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) or solar electricity has been identified as one of the most attractive sustainable energy technologies in the building sectors. This research work aims at assessing the energy impact of a grid connected solar electric system integrated in a commercial/office high-rise building in UK for a period of 1 year, by carrying out a numerical evaluation based on measured daily BIPV system energy outputs and the overall electrical energy demand of the applied building before and after the installation of the BIPV system. The results of the assessment showed that BIPV has the capacity to provide ~0.4% of the total electrical energy required in applied building.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Energy performance of a residential building-integrated micro-cogeneration system upon varying thermal load and control logic (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: This work investigated the energy performance of a 6.0 kW el micro-cogeneration device integrated with a multi-family house by using a dynamic simulation software. The analyses were performed upon varying the climatic conditions, the control logic of the cogeneration unit, the number of flats composing the building and the target temperature of hot water produced for heating purposes. The simulation data were used to compare the performance of the proposed system with those of a conventional system composed of a natural gas-fired boiler and a power plant mix connected to the electric grid from an energy point of view.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Thermal modeling and experimental validation of solar tunnel dryer: a clean energy option for drying surgical cotton (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: A battery of three walk-in-type solar tunnel dryers was commissioned at M/s Cotton Product of India, Udaipur (27' 42°N, 75' 33°E), for drying surgical cotton. Each dryer has a drying capacity of 600 kg of surgical cotton, with moisture content reduction averaging 40 to 5% (wb) in a single solar day. This investigation presents thermal modeling, energy and exergy analyses for a walk-in-type solar tunnel dryer. The predicted drying air temperature was 2–3°C higher than experimental values. The experimental and predicted values for energy efficiency of the drying process were found to vary from 1.051–1.793% and 1.298–2.224%, respectively, whereas those of exergy efficiency were found to vary from 0.039–0.072% and 0.030–0.058%, respectively. An economic analysis of the tunnel dryer under consideration has also been completed, and its greenhouse-gas mitigation potential has been calculated to better determine its usefulness as a replacement for light diesel oil (LDO) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) drying units. It was found that the payback periods of the solar tunnel dryer, when replacing LDO and LPG units, were 3.03 and 2.26 years, respectively whereas the benefit–cost ratio was 2.12 with respect to LDO units and 3.03 with respect to LPG units. Additionally, it was determined that a single unit of a tunnel dryer can reduce CO 2 emissions by 12.15 tons per year when replacing an LDO unit, and by 6.72 tons per year when replacing an LPG unit.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation systems based on the equivalent cost of environmental degradation and high-grade energy savings (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: Solar distillation systems have been found economically feasible in desalination of saline water. It is a simple and cost-effective low-carbon technology. Free of cost, non-polluting, non-exhaustible solar energy is used to produce distilled water inside a solar still. In this article, the usual economic analysis model has been modified by incorporating the factor of equivalent cost of environmental degradation and high-grade energy savings for solar stills. The unit cost of desalination of saline water is estimated to be US$ 0.034/L corresponding to 30.42% energy efficiency of a passive solar still. It decreases to US$ 0.024/L using the modified model. Double-slope passive solar stills desalinate at a lowest cost of US$ 0.007/L. Due to higher capital cost of active solar stills, the unit cost of desalination of saline water is higher even if productivity is more. Effects of variation of energy efficiency, useful life, capital cost, etc. are also studied. The payback periods of the passive solar still are found to be in the range of 1.1 to 7.6 years if the selling price of distilled water decreases from US$ 0.18 to 0.04/L.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Towards the generation of distributed electric power: self-consumption with net balance (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The results and considerations on one self-consumption photovoltaic installation with net balance in Granada (South of Spain) are presented and discussed in this paper. The use of the building (one faculty) makes it optimal for this kind of consumption. Finally, the potential benefits and problems of self-consumption with net balance are presented.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Theoretical investigation of hot box solar cookers having conventional and finned absorber plates (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: In this paper, solar box cookers with ordinary and finned absorber plates are theoretically investigated in terms of thermodynamic performance parameters. For a typical summer and winter day, temperatures of solar cooker components such as glass cover, internal air, absorber plate, cooking vessel and the liquid are determined theoretically versus time. The analysis is carried out for conventional and finned absorber plates, and accuracy of the results is verified by a previously published experimental work. Energy and exergy efficiencies of box-type solar cookers are plotted versus time for various cases. The methodology presented in this paper enables to make a preliminary evaluation of ordinary and modified solar box cookers with respect to changes in main environmental parameters such as temperature and illumination intensity. Some recommendations are also made to enhance the power outputs of the aforementioned solar cookers.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Design of a celestial vault image capture device for its application in the solar radiation field (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The sun is the more plentiful source of natural power that we have in the Earth. However, the amount of radiation reaching the Earth's surface depends on astronomical and climatic factors. One of the factors exerting a greater influence is cloudiness. For that reason, it is important to quantify its influence on solar radiation. According to that, in this work, a prototype to capture images of the celestial vault is designed and implemented to be able to measure parameters related to the cloud properties and, later, to determine their influence on solar radiation.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Investigation of concentrating and nonconcentrating evacuated tube solar water heaters using 2D particle imaging velocimetry (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Under transient climatic conditions, solar water heaters using heat pipes are more effective at capturing incident solar radiation than other equivalent sized solar water heaters. The cost must be reduced to improve uptake of such systems. To investigate two methods were considered by this study: thermosyphon fluid flow and reflective concentrators. A physical reconfigurable laboratory model of the manifold and associated condensers of a heat-pipe-evacuated tube system were fabricated; fluid circulation was via thermosyphonic action, particle imaging velocimetry derived velocity maps and the use of concentrators was simulated. When condenser spacing was doubled, the Nusselt number increased by 43%, the velocity by 55% but the heat transfer efficiency of the model manifold decreased by 9%. Potential annual energy savings of 10 207 GWh could be realized if such systems could be successfully fabricated.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Solar low-pressure turbo-ejector Maisotsenko cycle-based power system for electricity, heating, cooling and distillation (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: The article describes the innovative solutions of power, heating and cooling generation utilizing low- or medium-grade heat sources. The proposed technology based on the well-known irreversible Brayton cycle and the revolutionary Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) operates at atmospheric or sub-atmospheric pressures. Such energetic systems are simple and reliable and utilize moisture-saturated air as a working fluid. The ejector replacing the mechanical compressor in the Brayton cycle system allows increasing the cycle work by three to five times at the constant airflow. At the same time, the utilized heat serves for simultaneous heating and cooling production that makes the system economically viable and environmentally friendly with the increased integral performance. For system's performance improvement, the schematic and the cycle were upgraded allowing the off-the-shelf components to be employed and replace the electrically driven fan with fluidic jet-fan that served for energy saving of the innovative turbo-ejector system operation.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 12
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    Urban forests and solar power generation: partners in urban heat island mitigation (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: The urban forest is generally decreasing in areal extent. At the same time, human population is urbanizing and urban areal extent per capita is increasing. Eighty percent of North Americans are now living in urbanized areas. Urban forests directly affect quality of life for residents of cities via the ecosystem services and psychosocial restoration they provide. The urban forest canopy is a key component of reducing the urban heat island, slowing stormwater runoff and making urban environments more efficient and livable. Municipalities in North America are reacting to concerns about urbanization and economic trends by permitting an increasing number of compact developments that may conflict with beneficial Green Infrastructure. Compact development may also present challenges to solar access for solar power generation. This paper identifies and illustrates key strategies to increase urban forest cover and decrease infrastructure conflicts by implementing given innovative design details, detailing specific zoning and code language, and providing best practices from multiple disciplines. These strategies to increase urban forest canopy cover frame a coherent set of ideas to decrease the effects of the urban heat island, increase solar power generation and improve urban quality of life in cities.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 13
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    Study into solar-still performance under sealed and unsealed conditions (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Safe water is fundamental to life and sustainable development. Despite modern civilization pacing into the 21st century, global access to safe water is disparate and inadequate particularly in south Asia and Africa. The need of the hour is to promote appropriate technologies, such as desalination, which are economically viable and environmentally conducive. With increasing stress on renewable energy use, technologies based on effectively harnessing solar energy would prove sustainable. Solar-still is a desalination technology that effectively harnesses solar energy. Solar-stills generate safe water from either contaminated and/or brackish water. They are an enabling domestic technology that can suit de-centralized operation and maintenance. Their fundamental dependence on solar energy and relatively low yield has thus far impeded wide-spread adoption. The current article discusses the prospects of solar-stills as a safe-water technology. Subsequently, an innovative low internal-volume stepped solar-still has been commissioned and tested for its productivity under sealed and unsealed conditions. The results of the experimental investigation have been discussed in this article. The salient contribution in this article pertains to the performance of a stepped solar-still under sealed and unsealed conditions. Such an investigation has been found to be crucial, but hitherto unattended to.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 14
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    Micro-scale ORC-based combined heat and power system using a novel scroll expander (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-15
    Description: Micro-combined heat and power generation (micro-CHP) based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a flexible technology that allows saving the environment and promoting the economic growth. However, ORC expanders employed recently suffer from key problems including excessive fluid leakage, thermal losses and low isentropic efficiency, and no commercial micro-scale expanders are available in the market and applicable for ORC applications. The possibility of driving a micro-CHP system by solar thermal energy, biomass combustion, waste heat or other clean energy sources allows attaining diversity and security in energy supply as well as decreasing pollutants and gas emissions. In the current work, a solar-biomass-driven micro-CHP system based on the ORC technology is theoretically and experimentally investigated to provide the thermal and electrical needs for residential applications. The micro-CHP system employs an innovative micro-expander utilizing an environmentally friendly working fluid. A numerical model was developed using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software to simulate the thermal and electrical performance of the overall CHP system. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of different operational parameters on the CHP system performance. In addition, an experimental set-up was built to test micro-scale ORC-CHP system performance under different conditions using hydrofluoroether (HFE)-7100 fluid. The maximum electric power generated by the expander was in the range of 500 W under a pressure differential of ~4.5 bars. The expander isentropic efficiency has exceeded 80% at its peak operating conditions with no working fluid leakage.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 15
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    Passive cooling technology for photovoltaic panels for domestic houses (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-15
    Description: The efficiency of photovoltaic panels decreases as the panels' temperature increases, which results in deduction of electricity generation. In order to reduce this effect, different cooling methods were proposed and investigated. This paper reviews the previous work on cooling PV cells and concludes that the cost-effectiveness, design feasibility and minimal energy consumption are the important design consideration for cooling systems. Based on these considerations, this paper reports a passive cooling method that utilizes rainwater as cooling media and a gas expansion device to distribute the rainwater. The gas is thermally expanded from receiving solar radiation as such the amount of water it pushes to flow over the PV cells is proportional with the solar radiation it received. The paper reports a design and simulation of such a system for a domestic house application. In the paper, a relationship of the gas chamber size, solar radiation and gas expansion volume was established for evaluation with respect to the variation of gas temperature and the amount of rainwater used for cooling. A heat transfer model was used to evaluate the performance of the cells by cooling with this passive device. The results show that on a design day, the passive cooling system reduces the temperature of the cells and increases electrical efficiency of the PV panel by 8.3%. The payback period of this system is 〈14 years.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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