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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: From a biological perspective, the subterranean realm is one of the less studied, but at the same time, one of the most promising, theatres for new findings and research. Compared to those on the surface, the ecological conditions occurring in subterranean habitats are relatively simple, and this may be an optimal scenario for understanding the mechanisms allowing the colonization, adaptation, and evolution of species, as well as their interactions within local communities. Diversity in subterranean habitats is often overlooked, and few studies embrace whole communities or try to assess functional relationships between species. This Special Issue reprint comprises papers covering a wide range of aspects related to the distribution, composition, and roles of subterranean communities occurring in different typologies of subterranean habitats.
    Keywords: cave biology ; subterranean habitats ; vertebrates ; invertebrates ; community dynamics ; biospeleology ; hypogean ; conservation ; biodiversity ; troglobite ; troglophile ; trogloxene ; extreme environment ; niche ; epikarst ; classification trees ; Copepoda ; random forests ; Diptera ; Limonia ; Limonia nubeculosa ; Neolimonia ; Trichoceridea ; cave community ; prey ; food resources ; occupancy ; abundance ; Astyanax ; Spelaeomysis ; Troglomexicanus ; Speocirolana ; Toro cave ; Sierra de El Abra ; troglomorphy ; stygobite ; fieldwork ; wild fish ; comparative biology ; behavior ; troglomorphism ; olfactory test ; infrared movies ; amino acids ; chondroitin ; plasticity ; cybernetics ; ecology ; cavefish ; dissolved oxygen ; cave evolution ; Astyanax mexicanus ; Ostracoda ; Yucatán Peninsula ; cenotes ; mitochondrial marker ; geometric morphometrics ; population ecology ; growth ; movements ; São Domingos karst area ; subterranean fishes ; evolution ; origin of troglobites ; Brazil ; subterranean biology ; environmental science ; biogeography ; distribution records ; groundwater ; underwater caves ; cenote ; mysid ; stygobiont ; bioindicator ; accidental cave visitors ; Arachnida ; Araneae ; arid ; levant ; Mediterranean ; species diversity ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue highlights fundamental changes to the questions that we can ask about both the recent past and deep time. Delve into the forefront of paleontological research with this Special Issue reprint. Renowned paleontologists from around the world share groundbreaking insights into ancient life on Earth. Discover the latest advances in fossil discovery, analytical techniques, interdisciplinary collaborations, and technological innovations that are shaping our understanding of evolution and the Earth's history. This collection of cutting-edge research is a must-read for scientists, researchers, and enthusiasts interested in the dynamic field of paleontology in the modern era.
    Keywords: REE ; Tyrannosaurus rex ; molecular paleontology ; geochemical taphonomy ; diagenesis ; bone ; protein ; collagen ; Hell Creek Formation ; cuticle ; Eocene ; Fur Formation ; insects ; melanin ; mo-clay ; pigment ; Stolleklint Clay ; structural coloration ; Ølst Formation ; fossil ; dinosaur ; paleoproteomics ; porphyrin ; keratin ; feather ; taphonomy ; degradation ; microbes ; CO2 ; apatite ; paleontology ; China ; history ; 20th century ; 21th century ; paleobiology ; history and philosophy of paleontology ; twenty-first-century paleontology ; paleobiological revolution ; technoscience and global issues ; fossil proteins ; rare earth elements ; soft-tissue preservation ; geochemistry ; soft tissues ; molecular preservation ; Hornerstown Formation ; shallow marine ; glauconite ; hybridization ; introgression ; ancient DNA (aDNA) ; hominin paleontology ; paleoanthropology ; Brachylophosaurus ; Judith River Formation ; ELISA ; RIA ; Venta Micena site ; VM-0 ; VM-1960 ; taxonomy ; morphometrics ; phylogeny ; evolution ; morphological clock ; molecular clock ; biodiversity ; palaeobiogeography ; macroevolution ; primates ; Cercopithecidae ; monkeys ; genotype:phenotype mapping ; dentition ; Equidae ; Equinae ; hipparionini ; protohippini ; equini ; paleoecology ; paleoclimatology ; biochronology ; steroids ; diet ; coprolites ; Gryphaea dilatata ; crystallographic texture ; pole figures ; neutron diffraction ; recrystallization ; thick-walled shells ; molecular taphonomy ; fossils ; preservation ; mass spectrometry ; dinosaurs ; Neanderthal ; Combe-Grenal ; juvenile ; mandible ; periodontitis ; tooth ; tartar ; SEM analysis ; n/a ; terrestrialization ; artrhopods ; Cambrian explosion ; molecular clocks ; palaeontology ; phylogenomics ; teeth ; enamel ; microanalysis ; Purussaurus ; Neoepiblema ; miocene ; ICP-MS ; MEV ; microscopy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; micro-computed tomography ; radiocarbon dating ; DNA barcoding ; synchrotron ; bone remodeling ; elemental analysis ; diagenetic alteration ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint of the Special Issue "Advances in Plant Taxonomy and Systematics", includes an Editorial and fifteen high-quality papers published between April 2022 and April 2023 by global researchers. This collection addresses scholars and students interested in current progresses in taxonomy and systematics, which are crucial for all plant applications.
    Keywords: alpine species ; chromosome number ; Irano-Turanian region ; biogeography ; rapid radiation ; Veronica ; endemism ; morphometrics ; image analysis ; molecular analysis ; niche similarity ; nomenclature ; Magnoliaceae ; chloroplast genome ; phylogenomics ; intergeneric relationship ; Crassula ; Crassulaceae ; plastome ; codon usage ; codon aversion ; DNA barcoding ; evolutionary rates ; phylogeny ; Adonanthe ; molecular phylogeny ; taxonomy ; steppic plant ; demographic systematics ; ethology ; evolution ; natural selection ; next-generation sequencing ; ordination ; reproductive isolation ; sexual deceit ; speciation ; species circumscription ; Astragalus subgenus Hypoglottis ; Leguminosae ; Iran ; rapid diversification ; section Hypoglottidei ; section Stereothrix ; Australia ; carnivorous plants ; non-core Caryophyllales ; Nepenthales ; sundews ; typification ; Adelieae ; Argythamnia ; Caperonia ; Caperonieae ; Chiropetalum ; Ditaxeae ; Ditaxis ; phylogenetics ; Philyra ; Arecaceae ; Bentinckia ; biogeographic analysis ; karyomorphology ; Asteraceae ; ecology ; ddRADseq ; geography ; leaf morphology ; polyploidy ; chromosome numbers ; Crocus heuffelianus group ; Crocus series Verni ; dysploidy ; genome size ; genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) ; morphometry ; apomixis ; hybridisation ; multiple origins ; Sorbus austriaca ; genomics ; geometric morphometrics ; Ranunculus auricomus ; taxonomically complex groups (TCGs) ; arid lands ; Cactaceae ; colonization ; Mammillaria ; Mexican Plateau ; Miocene ; Pleistocene ; recent diversification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Non-metallic inclusions have a great influence on the cleanliness and mechanical properties of steel. Controlling the size and composition of inclusions contributes to the excellent properties of “clean steel”. At the same time, in terms of our understanding of inclusions’ behavior using thermodynamics principles, the design and control of the composition, shape, size, and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in different steels can significantly enhance steel properties. This reprint introduces the latest developments in inclusion engineering, aiming to control the cleanliness and microstructure of steel through thermodynamic calculations and experimental work. Special attention is paid to the formation mechanism and evolution of inclusions during refining and solidification in real steel plants, the aggregation and floating of inclusions, and the kinetics of inclusion adsorption by refining slag.
    Keywords: MnS ; inclusion ; cerium ; sulfur ; fracture ; Cr5 ; back-up roller ; forged ingot ; large-size inclusions ; SiO2-MnO-Al2O3 ; contact angle ; aluminum deoxidation ; magnetic particle inspection ; defects ; nonmetallic inclusion ; cleanliness ; Ti-bearing IF steel ; reoxidation ; long producing process ; U75V heavy rail steel ; Cerium treatment ; gleeble ; MgO saturation ; industrial trial ; non-metallic inclusions ; thermodynamic calculation ; nonmetallic inclusions ; MgO-Al2O3 ; CaO-MgO-Al2O3 ; thermodynamic ; kinetic ; electroslag remelting ; evolution ; CAFE ; equiaxed crystal ratio ; macrosegregation ; numerical simulation ; continuous casting ; process optimization ; rare earth Ce ; inclusions ; modification ; non-oriented silicon steel ; rare earth oxysulfides ; rare earth La–Ce ; magnetic property ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue contains 12 articles evidencing the state of the art of research on the evolution and genetics of reptiles. One of the main lines of research concerns the advancements in phylogenetic studies based on the more recent molecular methods and the developments in whole genome sequencing. Among the papers, topics related to the analysis of genome composition with special reference to the presence and evolution of repetitive DNA and the control of gene activity are of interest. Examples of the different roles played by chromosome variability in various evolutionary models are reported. Some of the papers regard certain peculiarities of reptiles, such as meiotic mechanisms in parthenogenetic species and the transition between genetic and environmental sex determination. Besides studies on chromosomes and the nuclear genome, two papers also investigate mitochondrial genome evolution. Particularly promising for future studies is the potentiality gained by the results obtained so far from research into the evolution and genetics of reptiles that has also been used for an intriguing tentative motion to reconstruct dinosaurs’ karyotypes. The papers from this Special Issue highlight that reptiles are a good model for studying the genetic and molecular basis of certain key moments in vertebrate evolution.
    Keywords: varanid ; control region ; ortholog ; paralog ; evolution ; karyotype ; NORs ; Madagascar ; reptiles ; sex chromosomes ; lizard ; sex determination ; incubation temperature ; gonadal differentiation ; centric fissions ; chromosome rearrangements ; cytochrome b ; population cytogenetics ; speciation ; prophase I of meiosis ; synaptonemal complex ; crossing-over ; recombination rate ; nucleolar organizer ; NOR ; bimodal karyotype ; microchromosomes ; heterochromatin ; chiasma ; lizards ; Zootoca vivipara ; multiple sex chromosomes ; meiosis ; synaptonemal complex (SC) ; form and subspeciation ; dinosaurs ; birds ; chromosome ; cytogenomics ; comparative genomics ; genome evolution ; epigenetic DNA methylation ; temperature-dependent sex determination—TSD ; bisulfite conversion of immunoprecipitated DNA MeDIP-BS-seq ; methylation-sensitive ELISA ; methylation-sensitive PCR ; methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme ; vertebrate reptilian turtle ; somatic versus gonadal tissue ; sexing diagnosis ; conservation ecology ; Serpentes ; Colubridae ; Viperidae ; repetitive DNA ; centromere ; anonymous loci ; GC content ; genome size ; isochores ; natural history ; reduced representation ; repetitive elements ; sex determination and chromosomes ; target capture ; ultraconserved elements ; snake venoms ; antimicrobial activity ; snake toxins ; snake immunity ; rattlesnakes ; cathelicidins ; defensins ; genes ; peptides ; Southern River Terrapin ; genetics ; haplotype ; phylogenetic tree ; Peninsular Malaysia ; population diversity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains a series of articles and reviews that illustrate the state-of-the-art knowledge about Gamma Ray Bursts and provide deep insights on the challenges that will be faced in GRB physics in the next decade.
    Keywords: gamma rays bursts ; radiation mechanisms ; non-thermal ; quark matter ; up-down quark nuggets ; quark star crusts ; white dwarfs ; gamma ray bursts ; fireball model ; circularity problem ; standard candles ; calibration ; dark energy ; dark matter ; cosmography ; cosmological parameters ; Gamma-ray bursts ; massive stars ; supernova ; spectroscopy ; binary stars ; metallicity ; rotation rate ; gamma-ray bursts ; polarization ; jet structure ; instruments & methods ; GRB ; radio ; redshift evolution ; instrumentation—detectors ; gamma rays: general ; gamma-ray bursts: general ; gamma-ray burst ; gravitational wave ; neutron stars ; magnetosphere ; shock breakout ; SVOM (Space-based multiband astronomical Variable Objects Monitor) ; time-domain astronomy ; γ-ray burst ; multi-messenger astrophysics ; nano-satellites ; supernovae ; Ia ; cosmology ; Hubble ; tension ; ΛCDM ; evolution ; modified ; gravity ; theories ; prompt emission ; relativistic jets ; gamma–rays: bursts ; cosmology: early universe ; multi-messenger astrophysics: gravitational waves ; neutrinos ; instrumentation: X/gamma–ray astrophysics from space ; fundamental physics ; non-thermal processes ; Cherenkov telescopes ; very high energy ; IACTs ; clustering ; statistical analysis ; feature extraction ; machine learning ; gamma-ray burst: general ; relativistic processes ; magnetohydrodynamics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Amid challenging environmental conditions throughout their life cycle, plants display an extraordinary ability to sense, process, and respond to a diverse array of stimuli with adaptability. The complexity of their stress responses unfolds across various levels—physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and cellular—demanding a profound comprehension of the intricate mechanisms at work. These stresses intertwine, triggering cellular damage and initiating a cascade of responses within plants. Critical growth phases under severe stress encounter mechanical damage and alterations in cellular macromolecule synthesis. While plants possess inherent defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, excessive oxygen production overwhelms their detoxification capacity, leading to detrimental reactions like loss of osmotic responsiveness, wilting, and necrosis. This reprint undertakes a comprehensive analysis, exploring multiple perspectives such as gas exchange, metabolomics, proteomics, isotopic, and genomic approaches, to unveil the drivers and specific strategies that empower plants to adapt to stressful growth conditions. By examining trait selection, phenotypic plasticity, and other factors, this reprint uncovers the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying plant resilience amidst adversity. A valuable resource for scientists, academics, and professionals, this reprint unveils the mysteries of plant resilience and productivity, fostering innovative strategies for sustainable agriculture in our ever-changing world.
    Keywords: allelopathic potential ; chemical composition ; phenolics ; Acacia melanoxylon ; Lactuca sativa ; HPLC seedling growth Flavonoides ; Cadmium ; heavy metal ; food security ; oxidative damage ; antioxidants ; intercropping ; lodging tolerance ; agronomical management ; lignin metabolism ; resistance genes ; salinity ; Chenopodium quinoa ; biomass ; functional plant traits ; biochemical traits ; genotypes ; yield ; salt stress ; heat stress ; photosynthesis ; antioxidant enzymes ; HSPs ; QTLs ; omics ; rice ; nitrogen ; water stress ; drought ; antioxidant ; reactive oxygen species ; reactive nitrogen species ; canopy temperature ; water soluble carbohydrates ; stay green ; seed yield ; Camellia oleifera ; Arachis hypogaea ; soil nutritional status ; soil quality ; cropping pattern ; silvicultural methods ; sustainable production ; stable isotope ; isotopic composition ; C and N cycling ; vegetation type ; soil health ; nitric oxide ; salinity stress ; antioxidant system ; osmolytes ; photosystem II ; Na+/H+ antiporters ; Triticum aestivum L. ; weed suppression ; allelochemicals ; sorgoleone ; benzoquinone ; cropping systems ; Lathyrus odoratus ; seed priming ; seawater ; proline ; SiNPs ; wheat ; antioxidant capacity ; grain quality ; alveographic parameters ; alpha-lipoic acid ; cysteine ; biochar ; alkaline soils ; abiotic stress ; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; fatty acids ; Zea mays L. ; lowland rice ; terminal water stress ; grain yield ; stress indices ; stress tolerance ; bioactive ; desert ; irrigated ; flavonoid ; phenol ; phytochemistry ; n/a ; Hordeum vulgare ; stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen ; saline water stress ; isotope ecology ; yield stability ; ion homeostasis ; spinach ; paracetamol ; degradation ; growth parameters ; chlorophyll florescence ; photosynthetic pigments ; elements ; microbes ; bioethanol ; salt tolerance ; water deficit conditions ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; photosynthetic efficiency ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens currently represents a serious threat to public health and the economy. Due to antibiotic treatments in humans and veterinary medicine, prophylactic use and environmental contamination, bacteria are today more frequently exposed to unnatural doses of antibiotics and their selective effect.Antibiotic resistance can be encoded on chromosomes, plasmids, or other mobile genetic elements in bacteria. It may also result from mutations that lead to changes in the affinity of antibiotics for their targets or in the ability of antibiotics to act on bacterial growth or death. Exposure of bacteria, bacterial populations, and microbial communities to antibiotics at different concentrations shapes their genomic dynamics, as does the mobilisation and spread of resistance determinants. It is, therefore, essential to understand the dynamics and mobilisation of genes encoding antibiotic resistance, in human, animal, plant, and environmental microbiomes, through genomic and metagenomic approaches and bioinformatics analyses.This Special Issue gathers research publications on the horizontal transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes, their dissemination and epidemiology, their association with bacterial virulence, between bacterial genotypes and their phenotypes, and other related research topics.
    Keywords: antimicrobial ; drug resistance ; pan-genome ; multilocus sequence typing ; nosocomial infections ; MDR P. aeruginosa ; titanium dioxide nanoparticles ; biofilm ; efflux pumps ; quorum-sensing system ; real-time polymerase chain reaction ; MDR E. coli ; ESBLs ; MBLs ; MAR index ; Francisella tularensis ; resazurin ; DipA ; PilD ; tularemia ; antibiotic ; resistance ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; colistin ; carbapenems ; multidrug resistant ; WGS ; KPC-70 ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; ceftazidime/avibactam resistance ; KPC-3 ; ST13 ; KPC-variant ; hypermucoviscosity ; hypervirulence ; Portugal ; comparative genomic analysis ; CA-MRSA ; EMRSA-15 ; PVL-positive ; ST22 ; N. gonorrhoeae ; fluoroquinolone ; AMR ; ciprofloxacin ; Mycobacteroides abscessus ; tigecycline ; genetic determinants ; WhiB7 ; SigH ; RshA ; antimicrobial resistance ; hvKP ; K2 capsule ; ST14 ; fimbrial proteins ; aerobactin ; antibiotic resistance ; virulence ; plasmid ; Integrative and Conjugative Element ; co-selection ; genomics ; evolution ; S. Infantis ; multidrug-resistance ; blaCTX-M-65 ; fosA3 ; heavy-metal resistance ; pESI-like megaplasmid ; whole-genome sequencing ; ST213 worldwide strains ; genomic databases ; antibiotic resistance plasmids ; Typhimurium ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.
    Keywords: nitrification inhibitors ; soil type ; CO2 and N2O emissions ; soil nitrogen dynamic ; winter malting barley ; malting quality indices ; summer cover crops ; sunn hemp ; crimson clover ; seeding rate ; nitrogen management ; aerobic incubation ; CO2 production ; microbial metabolism ; enzyme activities ; active biomass ; gross mineralization/immobilization ; Bradyrhizobium ; attachment ; root ; biofilm ; lectin ; soybean ; soil ; hydrophobicity ; Brassica napus ; natural variation ; nitrogen nutrition ; root system architecture ; nitrogen ; miscanthus ; willow ; field experiment ; lettuce ; plant-based amendment ; rhizosphere ; rainfall simulator ; nutrient runoff ; ammonium ; nitrate ; nitrogen use efficiency ; biochar ; total nitrogen ; soil organic carbon ; nitrogen mineralization ; nitrification ; turfgrass ; residential landscapes ; landscape patches ; urban soils ; perennial peanut ; urban landscapes ; N mineralization ; C/N ratio ; crop residue ; N availability ; NBPT ; nitrification inhibitor ; half-life ; degradation rate constant ; nitrogen leaching ; autumn tillage ; no-till ; lysimeter ; field experiment network ; soil nitrogen mineralization ; soil properties ; cropping system ; modeling ; STICS model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: Laurus nobilis ; medicinal plant ; mobile genomic elements ; germplasm characterization ; Mediterranean region ; chloroplast ; Ipomoea batatas ; simple sequence repeat ; sweet potato ; plant germplasm ; landrace rice ; fat-soluble nutraceuticals ; β-sitosterol ; genetic variability ; cluster analysis ; Solanum melongena ; germplasm ; Greece ; islands ; mainland ; phenotyping ; genotyping ; mineral composition ; landraces ; genetic diversity ; genetic structure ; Panax ginseng ; Triticum turgidum ; HMW glutenins ; LMW glutenins ; gluten quality ; non-allelic interactions ; combined analysis ; evolution ; genetic resources ; Zea mays ; Blumeria graminis ; disomic addition line ; molecular cytogenetics ; wheat ; Psathyrostachys huashanica ; natural variation ; maize ; root length ; domestication selection ; ZmMADS60 gene ; genetic basis ; GWAS ; eating and cooking qualities ; rice ; genetic variation ; eggplant ; cropping condition ; yield ; agro-morphological characterization ; chili pepper ; gene bank ; molecular markers ; morphological descriptor ; DArTseq markers ; GBS ; Triticum aestivum ; starch ; SNP ; InDel ; CAPS ; intron-loss ; NGS ; phosphorus use efficiency ; phosphorus ; proteomics ; grain hardness ; PIN ; kernel texture ; triticum ; SKCS ; Cucumis sativum ; downy mildew ; genetics ; inheritance ; oomycetes ; resistance ; rice genotypes ; blast resistant genotype ; genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ; phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ; heritability values ; DArT SNP markers ; early maturity ; heat and drought tolerance ; salt stress ; nitrogen metabolism ; oxidative stress response ; G6PDH ; GDH ; GS/GOGAT ; Triticum aestivum L. ; γ-gliadins ; Gli-B1 ; polymorphism ; PCR analysis ; ginseng ; genetic composition ; SSR ; fonio ; fonio millet ; white fonio ; Digitaria exilis ; agro morphological descriptors ; phenotypic diversity ; neglected and underutilized species (NUS) ; genetic improvement ; catechin ; phytochemicals ; targeted-oriented core collection ; tea germplasm ; agronomic performance ; correlation analysis ; malawi ; pigeonpea ; yield stability ; bermudagrass ; forage breeding ; genetic parameters ; genotype by harvest interaction ; Tifton 85 ; accessions ; descriptors ; anthracnose ; Colletotrichum lentis ; disease screening ; lentil ; plant resistance ; tall wild pea ; Pisum sativum subsp. elatius ; neoplasm ; pea weevil ; Bruchus pisorum ; expressivity ; Africa ; cowpea ; microsatellites ; Aegilops ; triticale ; leaf rust ; stripe rust ; yellow rust ; Puccinia ; drought ; Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; plant breeding ; rhizobia ; stress ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vols 1 and 2 contain 57 papers in the Special Issue of ‘Plant Genomics 2009’ and cover a wide range of topics, highlighting the significant progress that has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics and genomics of plants’ growth, development, and stress responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential applications of genomic tools and technologies for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture, as well as fundamental questions about the evolution and function of plant genes and genomes.
    Keywords: Aristolochia ; chloroplast genome ; molecular evolution ; compare analysis ; phylogeny ; brassinosteroid-signaling kinase ; gene family ; expression profile ; alternative splicing ; intron retention ; genome-wide analysis ; drought tolerance ; foxtail millet ; LIM genes ; transgenic rice ; protein phosphatase (PP2C) ; cotton ; syntenic relationships ; expression patterns ; evolutionary analysis ; Populus trichocarpa ; multiple organellar RNA editing factor ; drought stress ; RNA editing ; genome ; β-glucosidase ; Brassica rapa ; BrBGLU10 ; pollen development ; co-expression analysis ; VQ genes family ; Eucalyptus grandis ; expression pattern ; plant hormones ; abiotic stress ; calcium-dependent protein kinases ; CDPK-related kinases ; cucurbitaceae ; hst1 ; Na+ accumulation ; SNP ; rapid generation advance ; salt tolerant ; variant annotation ; whole-genome sequencing ; expression ; genome-wide ; identification of peroxidase genes ; duplication pattern ; stress ; cassava ; ABCDE model ; cereals ; evolutionary relationships ; flower organ identity ; floral speciation ; MADS-box genes ; maize ; ZmTCP ; natural variation ; subgroup IId ; CsWRKY7 ; flowering ; Arabidopsis ; Camellia sinensis ; pomegranate ; sequence diversity ; site-specific selection ; tomato ; MADS-box ; floral organ ; fruit development ; polygalacturonase (PGs), pectin methylesterase (PMEs), collinearity analysis ; gene duplications ; expression profiling ; grapevine ; Rehmannia glutinosa L. ; replant disease ; rhizosphere microbes ; NB-LRR ; plant hormone ; apple ; aquaporin ; functional analysis ; stress tolerance ; Salicaceae ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastid genome ; comparative genomics ; repeat sequences ; stress marker genes ; sesame ; gene co-expression ; abiotic stress tolerance ; hub genes ; meta-analysis ; agrobacterium ; transient expression ; virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) ; tobacco rattle virus (TRV) ; cassava (Manihot esculenta) ; chalcone synthase ; chromatin accessibility ; epigenetic inheritance ; genetic engineering ; methylation ; ODNs ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; plant breeding ; multiplex genome editing ; crop improvement ; TALEN ; ZFN ; biotic stress ; avocado ; carotenoid biosynthesis ; mesocarp ; seed ; de novo assembly from short read sequencing ; full-length transcript sequencing ; differentially expressed genes ; gene dosage ; pigment ; turnip ; gene expression ; antioxidant ; nutritional quality ; B3 superfamily ; transcription factor ; ovule abortion ; Vitis vinifera ; expression analysis ; cold response ; Pittosporum tobira ; leaf variegation ; linoleic acid ; ROS scavenging enzyme ; heat shock protein ; invasive weed ; Rhizoctonia solani ; phytohormone signaling ; systemic signal ; plant defense ; calcium signaling ; ABA ; drought ; salinity ; citrulline ; genome-wide association study ; haplotype ; watermelon ; acetolactate synthase ; ferrochelatase ; rice ; large grain gene ; large grain-isogenic Koshihikari ; fine mapping ; NGS ; GW2 ; co-integration ; gene recombination ; semidwarf gene ; d60 ; linkage ; chromosome 2 ; Brachypodium ; comparative chromosome barcoding ; dysploidy ; karyotype structure and evolution ; model grass genus ; molecular cytogenetics ; polyploidy ; plant genome ; artificial microRNA ; gene silencing ; Lagerstroemia indica ; ornamental value ; anthocyanins ; leaf coloration ; directional improvement ; YABBY ; pineapple ; subcellular localization ; oak species identification ; Quercus ; mutation hotspots ; Centranthera grandiflora Benth ; transcriptome ; catalpol biosynthesis ; acteoside biosynthesis ; azafrin biosynthesis ; wheat ; Dasypyrum villosum ; alien substitution line ; GISH ; molecular marker ; marker-assisted selection ; regulation ; RNA-seq ; biosynthesis pathway ; chalcones ; stilbenes ; common bean ; Fusarium oxysproum ; plant–pathogen interaction ; metabolome ; evolution ; genome fractionation ; ABC transporters ; transcription factors ; transposable elements ; whole-genome duplication ; RNA-sequencing ; ChIP-sequencing ; transcriptional regulatory mechanism ; data integration ; karyopherin ; solanum tuberosum ; chemical fungicide ; disease control ; Neoscytalidium dimidiatum ; royal poinciana ; stem canker ; UAE ; bioinformatics ; VvGAST ; GASR ; Cis-elements ; wheat genome ; kernel hardness ; Puroindoline ; Puroindoline b-2 variants ; genotype-to-phenotype association ; synteny ; phylogenetic analysis ; genomic selection ; missing data ; minor allele frequency ; GDSL lipase ; GPAT6 ; cutin ; habaneros ; Capsicum chinense ; fruit ; RNA-Seq ; flax ; genome-wide association study (GWAS) ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; prediction accuracy ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) ; Fabaceae ; Lupinus ; glutamine synthetase (GS) ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) ; gene families ; duplication/triplication ; structural genomics ; genome organization ; genome evolution ; microRNA ; miRNA156 ; seed development ; fatty acid synthesis ; linseed flax ; anthocyanin biosynthetic genes ; cis-regulatory motifs ; DEGs ; network analysis ; qRT-PCR ; reddish purple Chinese cabbage ; abscisic acid ; flavonolignans ; metabolite profiling ; Silybum marianum ; silymarin ; aquaporins ; bright yellow-2 suspension cells ; Nicotiana tabacum ; substrate specificity ; TaCKX1 ; TaCKX expression ; grain yield ; cytokinins ; phytohormones ; RNAi ; wheat spikes ; genome-wide identification ; 2OGD family ; hormone biosynthetic and metabolism genes ; tomato fruit ripening ; DNA methylation ; phenomics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Several factors influence consumers’ choices of food products. While price remains the main criterion, quality, pleasure, convenience, and health are also important driving factors in food market evolution. Food enterprises are making significant efforts to manufacture products that meet consumers’ demands without compromising on safety standards. Additionally, the food industry also aims to improve the efficiency of transformation and conservation processes by minimizing energy consumption, process duration, and waste generation. However, foods are highly complex systems in which: (i) Non-linear dynamics and interactions among different temporal and spatial scales must be considered; (ii) A wide range of physical phenomena occur; (iii) Different food matrices, with different microstructures and properties are involved; and (iv) The number of quality and safety indicators (such as bacteria, total volatile basic nitrogen, color, texture, odor, and sensory characteristics) is substantial. Mathematical modeling and simulation are key elements that allow us to gain a deeper understanding of food processes and enable the use of tools such as optimization and real-time control to improve their efficiency. This Special Issue gathers research on the development of dynamic mathematical models that describe the relevant factors in food processes, and model-based tools to improve such processes. The contributions published in this Special Issue can be grouped into two categories: the evolution of safety and quality indicators in unprocessed food systems, and transformation and preservation processes.
    Keywords: food safety ; predictive microbiology ; mathematical models ; microbial inactivation ; sublethal injury ; bioprocess engineering ; fermentation process ; batch bioreactors ; dynamical non-linear mathematical model ; model identification ; particle swarm optimization ; simulation ; Carnobacterium maltaromaticum ; modeling ; microbial growth ; optimization ; fermentation ; temperature-dependent thermal properties ; scaled sensitivity coefficient ; TPCell ; parameter estimation ; inverse problems ; food microstructure ; electronic nose ; Shewanella putrefaciens ; dynamic growth ; spoilage prediction ; GC-MS ; acrylamide formation ; thermal resistance ; dynamic models ; FSSP ; DoE ; smoke ; fish ; wine fermentation ; nitrogen ; mathematical modeling ; population model ; maintenance ; variable yield ; underutilized wild species ; lycopene ; viscosity ; thermal processing ; color ; mathematical modelling ; fish quality ; fish freshness ; bibliometric analysis ; stress variables ; quality degradation ; beer fermentation ; food industry ; multi-objective optimization ; model-based optimization ; equivalent solutions ; uncertainty ; Monte Carlo ; frying operation ; acrylamide ; quality ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Pharmaceutics is very pleased to be hosting a Special Issue in honor of Dr. Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue, acknowledging her influential scientific contributions to research on Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). This Special Issue aimed to gather and highlight significant advancements for AMPs as an alternative to antibiotics for increasing resistant strains and recent discoveries for future therapeutic approaches. Since the AMPs are multifunctional peptides with antitumor and immunomodulating effects, original research articles and reviews in these fields were particularly welcomed. Manuscripts regarding antimicrobial biomaterials including AMPs were also of interest.
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; antimicrobial activity ; structure-activity relationship ; helical conformation ; ultraviolet irradiation ; UV ; UVC ; UVB ; UVA ; antimicrobial peptides ; chemokines ; cytokines ; endodontic ; inflammation ; pain ; tissue healing ; multifunctional antimicrobial peptides ; chromogranin A-derived peptides ; immunomodulators ; dermaseptins ; anticancer activities ; albumin ; biomaterials ; Catestatin ; Chromogranin A ; Chromofungin ; critically ill ; outcome ; prognosis ; superbugs ; Vasostatin-I ; cystic fibrosis ; lung infection ; biodegradable nanocarrier ; therapeutic index ; transepithelial resistance ; lung gene expression ; mouse bronchoalveolar lavage ; chromogranin A ; vasostatin-1 ; catestatin ; angiogenesis ; tumor diagnosis ; neuropilin-1 integrin avβ6 ; integrin avβ8 ; immunogenicity ; immunomodulation ; biotherapeutics ; in vitro T cell assay ; assay validation ; nisin–biogel ; periodontal disease ; dogs ; clinical trial ; anti-microbial peptides ; antibiotic resistance ; Gram-positive Gram-negative ; fungi ; antimicrobial peptide (AMP) ; multi-drug resistance (MDR) ; extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) ; lipopolysaccharides (LPS) ; lipoteichoic acid (LTA) ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; colistin ; antimicrobial resistance ; mutation timing ; evolution ; biofilm ; anti-inflammatory ; PEGylation ; glycosylation ; gut microbiome ; antimicrobial peptide ; cell permeable peptide ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on proteins as critical components of plant cell walls. They contribute not only to the overall architecture of the walls but also to the rearrangement of the cell wall polymers to enable growth, differentiation, and appropriate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, thus allowing the adaptation of plants to their changing environment. Different experimental approaches are illustrated and the roles of a set of protein families are described. Moreover, new concepts involving the role of cell wall proteins in organ morphogenesis through calcium signaling are discussed.
    Keywords: Brachypodium ; cell wall ; nucleus ; zygotic embryo ; arabinogalactan proteins ; cellulose ; pectin ; matricellular proteins ; SOS5 ; periostin ; Mpb83 ; cellulase ; glycosyl hydrolase family 9 ; carbohydrate binding module (CBM) ; bioinformatics ; RT-qPCR ; morphogenesis ; cell wall protein ; hechtian oscillator ; calcium signaling ; H+-ATPase ; nutrients ; root system architecture ; Glycine max ; XTH gene family ; transgenic soybean ; plant genome ; plant hormone ; flooding ; root plasticity ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Class III peroxidase ; Medicago truncatula ; microdomains ; phylogenetics ; plasma membrane ; protein–protein interaction ; Oryza sativa ; tonoplast ; Zea mays ; pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), pectin ; homogalacturonan (HG) ; cell wall properties ; degree of methylesterification (DM) ; stress ; development ; applications ; fasciclin-like AGP ; FLA ; evolution ; phylogeny ; plant cell wall ; proteome ; monocot ; stiff brome ; rice ; sugarcane ; Brachypodium distachyon ; Saccharum spp. ; extensins ; immunohistochemistry ; leaf ; temperature stress ; plant cell walls ; plasmodesmata ; callose ; callose synthase ; DUF642 family ; homogalacturonans ; plant development ; pectins ; EXO70 ; exocyst complex ; phosphatidic acid ; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ; phospholipids ; plasma membrane domains ; polar exocytosis ; trichome ; phosphate starvation ; Pi mobilization ; roots ; grain ; remodeling ; polysaccharide ; wheat ; Phyllotaxis ; auxin ; acid growth ; Hechtian oscillator ; plasma membrane ion fluxes ; n/a ; green lineage ; modeling ; PAC domain ; plant ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The ever-growing information and communications within society require us to continuously update our knowledge. For this reason, higher education must provide students and lecturers with the opportunity to implement new learning approaches in the classroom. In this sense, teaching is adapting to a fast-changing world, and achieving a high-quality standard for our educational systems will ensure that the education standard appropriately adapts to both the current times and to new teaching–learning processes. This topic captures the attention of different socio-educational actors in order to achieve an education style that develops individuals and provides them with the necessary strategies to assist their learning throughout their lifetime.
    Keywords: higher education ; inclusive education ; disability ; technological platforms ; faculty members ; international students ; service quality evaluation ; perceived satisfaction ; sustainable higher education system ; China ; active learning ; career adaptability ; Hong Kong ; human resources management ; university students ; university teaching ; mobile-assisted language learning ; foreign language learning ; productive-receptive skills ; technology acceptance model ; WhatsApp ; Line App ; VET ; European ; validation principles ; Spain ; virtual meeting platform ; technology readiness ; social presence ; course satisfaction ; sustained use intention ; serial mediation ; science scenario ; collaborative problem solving ; behavioral transition patterns ; lag sequential analysis ; disadvantaged students ; higher education SPROUT project ; learning effects ; qualitative changes ; distance learning ; university authorities ; lecturers ; students ; cross-cultural pragmatic competence ; social context ; communicative dynamics in classroom situations ; EFL context ; online instruction ; students’ perceptions ; education quality ; online learning ; socioemotional competence ; models ; emotional intelligence ; social intelligence ; TAM Model ; learning analytics ; academic performance ; COVID-19 ; middle school students ; parenting style ; self-esteem ; academic achievement ; academic engagement ; social emotions ; performance ; performance enhancement ; performance anxiety ; psychological flexibility ; ACT ; transdiagnostic approach ; transdiagnostic assessment ; transdiagnostic interventions ; transdiagnostic dimensions ; psychopathology ; mental health ; health conditions ; emotional disorders ; implementation ; dissemination ; cost-effectiveness ; prevention ; evidence-based psychological interventions ; sustainable education ; learning environments ; active learning classrooms ; informal learning ; student perceptions ; educational quality ; dropout ; permanence ; public policies ; institutions ; modelling ; learning stories ; early childhood curriculum ; program evaluation ; workstation design ; online classes ; user preference ; conjoint analysis ; grade retention ; psychosocial outcomes ; school retention composition ; quasi-experimental methods ; multilevel modelling ; PISA ; teacher self-regulation ; student self-regulation ; secondary education ; quantitative study ; engagement ; sense of belonging ; social support ; freshmen ; university ; virtual campus ; quality ; virtual education ; digital environments ; first-year students ; student adjustment ; marketing research ; evolution ; university subject ; professors ; professionals ; data ; technology ; critical thinking ; assessment ; quality education ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The effects of nutrition on chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and stroke, continue to generate interest among researchers. This is because diet is a modifiable risk factor. The composition of diet, including the proportions and types of macronutrients and micronutrients, is a major contributor to chronic diseases. The beneficial effects of nutritional interventions on chronic conditions have been well documented, although differences remain among researchers concerning their overall impact. The evaluations of the role of nutrition in chronic conditions draw on diet’s effects on body weight, body composition, glycemic, and insulin excursions, and vascular remodeling. The effect of diet in modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis is also an evolving area of research. This reprint, entitled “Nutrition in Chronic Conditions”, aims to examine the effect of nutrition in the development, care, and management of chronic conditions. This reprint includes 11 original studies conducted in high- and middle-income countries, 3 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and 3 literature reviews. The topics covered in the reprint include: the effects of diet on (1) insulin and glucose metabolism; (2) gut health; (3) brain and cognitive impairment; (4) infections, chronic conditions, malnutrition, and all-cause mortality; (5) obesity and dietary variables in post-menopausal women; (6) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice, specifically with the consumption of coffee; and (7) chronic conditions and COVID-19 infection.
    Keywords: metabolic syndrome ; insulin resistance ; diabetes mellitus type 2 ; mild cognitive impairment ; Alzheimer’s disease ; NAFLD ; coffee ; lncRNA ; Gm16551 ; H19 ; diabetes ; chronic kidney disease ; proteinuria ; inflammation ; diet ; nutrition ; plant-based foods ; medical nutrition therapy ; type 2 diabetes ; almonds ; tree nuts ; glycated haemoglobin ; gut microbiota ; body mass index ; bone metabolism ; obesity ; osteoporosis ; fracture ; bone turnover markers ; economic analysis ; chronic heart failure ; nutritional support ; clinical outcomes ; cost savings ; COVID-19 ; micronutrients ; deficiency ; SARS-CoV-2 ; hospital outcomes ; childhood obesity ; pandemic ; personalised lifestyle intervention ; overweight ; BMI ; extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) ; innate immunity ; PBLs ; cytokines ; handgrip strength ; malnutrition ; cancer ; glycemic control ; intake ; adolescents ; glycemic index ; glycemic load ; dietary fiber ; mortality ; cardiovascular diseases ; cohort study ; beta-hydroxybutyrate ; evolution ; ketogenesis ; anti-inflammatory ; zinc deficiency ; inflammatory bowel disease ; meta-analysis ; dietary habits ; Helicobacter pylori ; socio-demographic factors ; biochemical measurement ; vitamin D ; Bahrain ; postprandial ; hypertension ; insulinaemia ; triglyceridaemia ; prebiotics ; oral anti-diabetic agents ; gut microbiome ; Network meta-analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Viruses in the Parvoviridae family constitutes a most diverse and intriguing field of research. Parvoviruses have a long evolutionary history and, beneath an apparent simplicity and uniformity, can differ widely in structure, genome organization and expression, virus–cell interaction, and impact on the host. In addition to interest in the study of basic virology, the translational implications of research on parvoviruses are relevant since many viruses are important human and veterinary pathogens, while other viruses can be engineered as tools for oncolytic therapy or as sophisticated gene delivery vectors. Exploring the diversity and the inherent complexity in the biology of these apparently simple viruses is an ongoing commitment for the scientific community to address. This Special Issue entitled ‘Advances in Parvovirus Research 2022’ continued the series dedicated to research on viruses belonging to the Parvoviridae family and collected the latest contributions in the field of parvovirus research.
    Keywords: parvovirus B19 ; synthetic genome ; genetic engineering ; replicon unit ; functional complementation ; B19V ; VP1u ; VP1uR ; receptor ; tropism ; primate erythroparvovirus ; simian erythroparvovirus ; rhesus erythroparvovirus ; pig-tailed erythroparvovirus ; Benzonase® ; acute infection ; persistent infection ; viral DNA load ; oncolytic virus immunotherapy ; protoparvovirus H-1PV ; virus host interactions ; virus cell entry ; galectin-1 ; laminin γ1 ; adeno-associated virus ; AAV ; classification ; genotype ; serotype ; intraspecies ; pairwise genetic distance ; recombination ; porcine parvovirus ; virus-like particles ; diagnostic ; I-ELISA ; parvovirus ; capsid ; AMDV ; PARV4 ; cryo-EM ; Amdoparvovirus ; Tetraparvovirus ; pathogen ; CPV-2 ; FPV ; illegal trade ; companion animals ; wildlife ; spillover ; porcine parvovirus 1 ; Africa ; epidemiology ; phylogeography ; phylogeny ; VP2 ; H1-PV ; infection ; oncolytic virus ; anticancer gene ; cancer gene therapy ; cancer ; Parvovirus B19 ; genetic diversity ; viral quasispecies ; Next Generation Sequencing ; Shannon Entropy ; cluster analysis ; skunk amdoparvovirus ; striped skunk ; next generation sequencing ; virus surveillance ; HIV infection ; hemolysis ; hereditary spherocytosis ; parvoviruses ; DNA damage response ; Minute Virus of Mice ; immunity ; evolution ; paleovirology ; endogenous viral elements ; bocavirus ; CnMV ; PBoV ; RBoV ; canine parvovirus type 2 ; molecular epidemiology ; Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 ; virus evolution ; Parvoviridae ; international workshop ; conference report ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: We are honored and privileged to edit this Special Issue, “Fungal Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Ecology: A Themed Issue Dedicated to Academician Wen-Ying Zhuang”. In this Special Issue, we are pleased to publish a comprehensive assemblage of 23 papers covering fungal taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology, in which 76 new taxa from a broad taxonomic group and different ecological habitats are reported.
    Keywords: inocybaceae ; multigene ; phylogeny ; taxonomy ; Ascomycota ; Pyronemataceae ; seven new taxa ; Gymnopus sect. Levipedes ; Gymnopus erythropus complex ; new species ; Northeast China ; phylogenetic analysis ; ectomycorrhizal fungi ; molecular phylogeny ; morphology ; stipitate hydnoid fungi ; chanterelle ; East Asia ; Cordycipitaceae ; epiphyte ; insect pathogenic fungi ; multigene phylogeny ; scale insects ; Amphisphaeriaceae ; new taxon ; Cavenderia ; cellular slime molds ; species concept ; biodiversity ; Alternaria ; compositae ; multi-locus sequence analyses ; green mold disease ; one new taxon ; mycoparasites ; biological agents ; new taxa ; Nectriaceae ; pairwise homoplasy index ; polyphasic approaches ; species complexes ; catapyrenioid lichens ; Clavascidium ; Placidium ; Verrucariaceae ; ballistic conidia ; entomopathogenicity ; evolution ; ancestral state reconstruction ; multi-locus phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; plant pathogen ; Calonectria leaf blight ; forest pathogens ; fungal diversity ; Sordariomycetes ; diversity ; Trypetheliaceae ; southwest China ; subtropical region ; wood-inhabiting fungi ; edaphic variables ; edible mushrooms ; natural forests ; plantation forests ; sporocarp yield ; Bionectriaceae ; sequence analyses ; agaricales ; basidiolichen ; basidiomycota ; fruiting body ; green algae ; phenotype ; systematics ; Hypocreaceae ; Trichoderma ; Orbilia ; phylogenetic ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This book addresses the most recent developments in soil pollution and restoration, contaminant hydrology, and ground disturbance to stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interactions between professionals.
    Keywords: groundwater ; hydrochemistry ; hexavalent chromium contamination ; water chemistry simulation ; construction disturbance ; replacement of embankment ; foamed cement banking technology ; post-construction settlement ; method of replacement thickness calculation ; steam injection ; ethanol ; azeotropic temperature ; heterogeneous aquifers ; nitrobenzene ; microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) ; unsaturated soil ; soil-water characteristic curves ; matrix suction ; microstructure ; molecular dynamics ; mechanical properties ; montmorillonite ; basal spacing ; long-term freeze–thaw cycles ; composite heavy metal contamination ; morphological analysis ; solidification/stabilization ; groundwater level fluctuation zone ; nitrogen ; migration and transformation ; HYDRUS-1D model ; kinetic adsorption and desorption ; groundwater table fluctuations ; Pb ; migration ; experimental study ; unsaturated subgrade ; capillary barrier ; distress control of wetting ; xanthan gum ; silt ; water retention capacity ; strength ; wetting process ; microscopic tests ; overconsolidation effect ; thermal pore water pressure ; calculation method ; saturated clay ; additives ; compacted clay cover ; moisture retention ; gas diffusion barrier ; hydraulic conductivity ; tidal action ; silty-clay soil ; riparian hyporheic zone ; inorganic nitrogen ; occurrence characteristics ; influencing factors ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This Special Issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies. The use of these tools allows for the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, the minimization of water and energy usage, and the improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. This Special Issue aims not only to provide an understanding of smart agriculture but to also inspire the reader to think about the future of agriculture and the ways in which modern food production methods can be improved.
    Keywords: recirculating aquaculture system ; variable-flow regulation model ; circulating pump-drum filter linkage working technique ; machine learning methods ; gene algorithm support vector machine ; controlled environment agriculture ; digital twin ; productivity ; architecture ; optimization ; NDVI ; image processing ; SURF ; SIFT ; SVM ; BP algorithm ; performance ; sweet pepper ; deep neural network ; sprouts ; stimulation with a pulsed magnetic field ; micro and macro components ; ICP-OES ; ground pressure ; paddy soil ; seeding skateboard ; internet of things ; wireless measurement system ; calcium ; magnesium ; phosphorus ; potassium ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; sodium ; zinc ; wild leafy vegetables ; real-time kinematic (RTK) ; precision agriculture ; ISO standard ; global positioning system (GPS) ; GLONASS ; agricultural tractor ; Korean ginseng ; root-rot-disease ; plant segmentation ; deep learning ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; convolutional neural network ; corn insect ; electrical fields ; magnetic fields ; high-voltage electric field ; growth of fruits ; ripening of fruits ; shelf life of fruits ; fungicide resistance ; PCR ; broad-spectrum fungicides ; Fusarium solani ; toxicity ; asymmetric machine-tractor unit ; motion ; stability ; resistance coefficients ; amplitude-frequency characteristic ; phase-frequency characteristic ; quality parameters ; firmness ; total soluble solid ; titratable acidity ; dry matter ; respiration rate ; apple fruit ; model predictive control ; energy management system ; renewable energy ; smart irrigation ; agriculture 4.0 ; maize bulk ; kernel breakage ; vertical pressure ; deformation ; heat production ; sustainable ; agriculture ; rural ; mobile internet technology ; bivariate probit model ; agricultural modernization ; Pakistan ; wheat ; smart ; Zea mays ; stalk diseases ; crop rotation ; stubble ; suppressive soils ; biomass combustion ; broadleaved tree ; pulsed electric field ; calorific value ; UV-C radiation ; stress response ; mechanical properties ; stimulation ; potato tuber ; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; terminal velocity ; winnowing machine separation ; chili pepper harvester ; water and fertilizer integration ; pH adjustment ; BP-PID-Smith algorithm ; estimated compensation ; convolutional neural networks ; MATLAB ; hybrid system ; mobile application ; aeration ; airflow resistance ; pore volume ; semi-empirical modelling ; self-compaction ; spatial and temporal ; energy ; environmental contamination ; lettuce ; life cycle assessment ; winter wheat ; leaf greenness index (SPAD) ; protein ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen ; smart agriculture ; weed management ; crop productivity ; computer vision ; analytical procedure ; forklift truck ; interchangeable equipment ; static stability assessment ; typical meteorological sequence ; typical meteorological week ; wastewater treatment ; high-rate algae pond ; solar irradiance ; Finkelstein-Schafer statistics ; southern rice ; threshing loss ; fuzzy PID ; adaptive algorithm ; hilly mountainous areas ; rapeseed pod ; surface area measurement ; 3-D measurement ; side area of oblique cylinders ; rapeseed pod seed testing machine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint is about vitamin D, a molecule that can be absorbed from certain foods, such as fatty fish, which can also be produced endogenously when we expose our skin to sufficient doses of ultraviolet B radiation. When vitamin D is metabolized into 1,25(OH)2D3 (also called calcitriol), it acts as a high-affinity ligand for the transcription factor VDR, i.e., it has direct effects on gene regulation. The key physiological functions of vitamin D are the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which is essential for bone mineralization, and the modulation of the immune system by stimulating innate immunity and preventing overreactions of adaptive immunity. This reprint presents recent developments and the latest research in the fascinating broad range of today’s vitamin D biology, from evolution to systems biology.
    Keywords: vitamin D ; VDR ; target genes ; chromatin ; epigenome ; transcriptome ; vitamin D signaling ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D ; 1,25-(OH)2D3 ; antitumor action ; breast cancer ; case-control studies ; colorectal cancer ; cohort studies ; ecological studies ; epidemiological studies ; randomized controlled trials ; UVB ; vitamin D receptor ; 3D structure ; structural analysis ; molecular recognition ; protein–ligand interactions ; coregulators ; acute myeloid leukemia ; blast ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ; analogs ; all-trans-retinoic acid ; differentiation ; immunomodulation ; evolution ; energy metabolism ; immune system ; calcium homeostasis ; migration of Homo sapiens ; influenza ; SARS-CoV-2 ; lung ; inflammation ; infantile hypercalcemia type 1 ; idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia ; CYP24A1 ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase ; hypercalcemia ; 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; fracture repair ; diet ; transcellular ; absorption ; diffusion ; intestine ; homeostasis ; parathyroid hormone ; gestational diabetes ; preeclampsia ; preterm birth ; ovarian cancer ; vitamin D analogs ; vitamin D deficiency ; single high dose ; vitamin D3 supplementation ; proinflammatory cytokines ; IL6 ; IL8 ; TNF ; 25(OH)D3 ; brain ; development ; neuroprotection ; disease mechanisms ; genetic risk ; heritability ; personalized supplementation ; genome-wide association study ; Mendelian randomization ; lumisterol ; anti-inflammatory ; ACE2 ; Mpro ; RdRp ; month of birth ; muscle ; pregnancy ; older adults ; metabolites ; hybrids and VDR nonsecosteroidal ligands ; nongenomic response ; PDIA3 ; ultraviolet radiation ; megalin ; mitochondria ; vitamin D metabolism ; fibroblast growth factor-23 ; klotho ; 1α-hydroxylase ; RAAS ; systems biology ; cell differentiation ; prostate cancer ; n/a ; bone ; osteoblasts ; differentiation and mineralization ; McCollum ; sunlight ; rickets ; food fortification ; vitamin D2 ; vitamin D3 ; COVID-19 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the biomimetic and bioinspired developments based on the biomechanical and morphological studies of plants and animals. The articles cover basic research in biology, the modeling of functional principles and the transfer into bioinspired materials systems, as well as hands-on models for teaching and education.
    Keywords: adaptation ; engineering theory ; evolution ; form-function ; modelling ; plants ; peltate leaves ; petiole ; petiole–lamina junction ; anatomy ; strengthening structures ; actuator ; bark ; biomimetics ; curving demonstrators ; structural graded material ; freeze-casting ; biomimetic ; microcomputed tomography (µCT) ; porous ceramic ; sea urchin spine ; alumina ; fracture behavior ; actuators ; compliant systems ; hygroscopic materials ; plant movements ; fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) ; elastomer ; pneumatics ; actuation ; folding ; finite element modeling (FEM) ; simulation ; material development ; biomimetic bilayer actuators ; hygroscopic actuation ; 4D-printing ; mechanical modeling ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: 10th Anniversary of Plants—Recent Advances and Perspectives is a scientific paper collection specially published on the anniversary of Plants. Covering all major areas of plant science, it is a valuable guide through current achievements and future discoveries in this scientific field.
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; Secale montanum ; Secale strictum ; QTL mapping ; molecular marker ; self-incompatibility ; fertility ; seed set ; abiotic stress ; cell homeostasis ; heterologous host synthetic approach ; terpenophenolics ; brown spot ; ACT ; fungus culture filtrate ; mycotoxin ; fruit development ; fruit gauge ; VPD ; Mangifera indica ; cell division ; cell expansion ; ripening ; pulegone ; isomenthone ; menthone ; thymol ; p-cymene ; chemotypes ; seasonal variation ; enantiomeric distribution ; label-free proteomics ; Panax ginseng ; ginsenosides ; cytochrome p450 ; UDP-glycosyltransferase ; MEP pathway ; MVA pathway ; TCA/acetone ; methanol/chloroform ; endophytes ; foliar pathogens ; pathogenicity ; taxonomy ; Thymus vulgaris ; Crithmum maritimum ; leather artifacts ; essential oils ; anti-bacterial activity ; Euphorbia dendroides L. ; aerial parts ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; anti-inflammatory activity ; toxicity ; calcium oxalate crystals ; colleter ; extrafloral nectaries ; resin gland ; bud protection ; plant-environment interaction ; carbohydrate metabolism ; microarray ; crop ; rice ; productivity ; endosperm ; geometry ; morphology ; seed shape ; Vitaceae ; exDNA ; environmental DNA ; DNA sensing ; self-DNA inhibition ; autotoxicity ; plant response ; DAMP ; PAMP ; EDAP ; climate change ; food security ; Mediterranean countries ; sustainable exploitation ; phytogenetic resources ; candidate gene ; quantitative trait locus ; recombinant inbred line ; soybean drought tolerance ; weighted drought coefficient ; antioxidants ; biostimulants ; biotic stress ; GABA ; metabolism ; phytohormones ; reactive oxygen species ; signaling ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; bacterial functions ; co-presence networks ; metagenomics ; microbial ecology ; plant domestication ; trace element ; plant nutrient ; salinity ; antioxidant defense system ; glyoxalase system ; biochar ; licorice ; soil enzymes ; nutrients ; root system ; ALS ; BCAA ; low oxygen ; flooding ; AIP1 ; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver ; trait variations ; probability grading ; quantitative traits ; planting models ; leaves ; cytokinin ; TD-K ; thidiazuron ; INCYDE ; CPPU ; isopentenyl transferase ; IPT ; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ; CKX ; wheat ; barley ; yield ; cucumber ; QTL-seq ; SNP markers ; white immature fruit skin color ; ecological costs ; germination models ; herbicide resistance ; hydrotime ; target-site resistance ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; generalized regression neural network ; genetic algorithm ; scarification ; seed dormancy ; plant tissue culture ; foliar descriptors ; leaf area ; models ; vine leaves ; Olea europaea L. ; olive ; genotype by sequencing (GBS) ; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ; reference genome ; plastid markers ; DNA barcoding ; ISSR markers ; Egyptian barley ; agro-morphological traits ; cluster analysis ; genetic variation ; biplot ; drought stress ; drying processes ; mathematical model ; plant hydric stress tolerance ; rate of weight loss ; RWLMod ; water evaporation ; photosynthesis ; elevated CO2 ; Rubisco ; electron transport ; light ; diurnal cycle ; sexual propagation ; cold stratification ; in situ ; ex situ ; plant endemism ; Morocco ; biodiversity ; ex-situ conservation ; protocols ; germplasm ; forest berries ; brushing ; lettuce ; chicory ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant capacity ; Ziziphus lotus ; phenolics ; SH-SY5Y cell line ; chromatography ; Koelreuteria paniculata ; dry ethanol extracts ; GC-MS analysis ; chemical compounds ; antitumor and antimicrobial activities ; medicinal plant ; bioactive compounds ; plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) ; cell suspension culture (CSC) ; bioreactor engineering ; apple ; Golden Delicious ; Top Red ; fruitlet thinners ; light reactions ; electron transport rate ; photoprotective mechanism ; state transitions ; PSII repair cycle ; vegetation structure ; environmental variables ; PC-ORD ; plant community assembly ; Himalaya ; allopolyploidy ; interspecific hybridization ; unreduced gametes ; cytological diploidization ; genomic changes ; root length ; root/shoot ratio ; specific root length ; Saragolle Lucana ; seed coating ; heavy metals ; evolution ; hyperaccumulation ; black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) ; anthocyanin stability ; herbs ; co-pigmentation ; color stability ; functional foods/beverages ; biotechnological tools ; ethnomedicine ; in vitro culture ; genetic improvement ; pollen ; tip growth ; calcium ; calcium dependent protein kinase ; Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor ; ROP GTPase ; RhoGDI displacement factor ; polarity ; guar ; gene expression ; qRT-PCR ; RNA-Seq ; salt stress ; salt tolerance ; stress ; transcriptome ; D-tagatose ; IFP48 ; induced resistance ; sweet immunity ; sugar-enhanced defense ; Plasmopara viticola ; Botrytis cinerea ; Vitis vinifera ; human diet ; edible wild plants ; Plantago coronopus L. ; Rumex acetosa L. ; Cichorium intybus L. ; Artemisia dracunculus L. ; phytochemistry ; anti-inflammatory properties ; stem photosynthesis ; hydraulic recovery ; soaking ; X-ray micro-CT ; bark water uptake ; embolism ; genetic resources ; Solanaceae ; Cucumis ; Lactuca ; diversity ; vegetables ; genebank ; essential oil ; iNOS ; interleukin ; lavenders ; NF-κB ; glycosyltransferases ; ER-Golgi trafficking ; mechanism of protein sorting ; COPI and COPII complexes ; sequences and motifs involved in trafficking ; Arabidopsis ; gene regulation ; protein-protein interaction ; transcription factor ; WRI1 ; TCP20 ; lipases ; lipid metabolism ; plant-environment interactions ; reproductive development ; vegetative development ; Urtica dioica ; soilless systems ; cultivated nettle ; stress factors ; functional properties ; preharvest sprouting ; MKK3 ; maternal and paternal expressed genes ; imprinted genes ; polycomb repressive complex 2 ; mRNA processing bodies ; ribonucleic binding proteins ; monosomes ; ethylene ; elicitors ; fruit ripening ; ACC synthase/oxidase ; GC-MS ; polyamines ; Vigna genus ; introgression ; hybridisation ; phylogeny ; de novo domestication ; feralisation ; novel ecosystems ; complex networks ; tree communities ; Lantana camara ; Prosopis juliflora ; ascorbic acid ; genetic diversity ; molecular markers ; aquaculture pond sediment ; recovery ; Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; wheat grass juice quality ; UV-B radiation ; olive tree ; metabolomic ; phenolic profile ; lipophilic profile ; ecophysiology ; environment ; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ; comparative transcriptomics ; Arum-type ; Paris-type ; Solanum lycopersicum ; Rhizophagus irregularis ; Gigaspora margarita ; Camelina sativa ; semi-arid lands ; biofuel feedstock ; biodiesel ; renewable diesel ; crop breeding ; transgenesis ; genome editing ; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria ; host associate factor ; comparative genomics ; Cannabis sativa L. ; chemovars ; secondary metabolites ; trichomes ; residual by-products ; biogeography ; cardioid ; islands ; geometric models ; Mediterranean flora ; Silene ; super-ellipse ; abscisic acid ; aromatic herb ; ascorbate-glutathione cycle ; jasmonic acid ; lipoic acid ; oxidative stress ; salicylic acid ; Salvia officinalis ; drought ; state of stress ; tolerance ; avoidance ; stress survival ; amino acids ; nitrate reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; plants mycorrhized ; dark septate ; Daphne genkwa ; Thymelaeaceae ; flavonoids ; design of experiments ; blooming stages ; germination stimulant ; witchweed ; methyl phenlactonoates (MPs) ; Nijmegen-1 ; weed ; plant development ; vasculature ; leaf traces ; structure ; microtomography ; Euphorbiaceae ; in vitro crop ; gamma radiation ; ionizing radiation ; mutants ; Fumaria scheleicheri Soy. Will. ; isoquinoline alkaloids ; HPLC-DAD ; in vitro anti-cholinesterase ; cytotoxic ; antioxidant ; ABC model ; hop ; transcription factors ; type-II MADS box ; type-I MADS-box ; AFLP ; carpological traits ; genetic structure ; molecular systematics ; plastid phylogeny ; Valerianaceae ; auxins ; embryogenic calli ; HPLC ; IAA ; immunohistochemistry ; deficit irrigation ; grape quality ; phenology ; plant diseases ; bacterium ; symptoms ; molecular classification ; common juniper ; common larch ; Cupressaceae ; Pinaceae ; SPME-GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; herbicidal activity ; weed control ; trait association ; GCV ; genetic variability ; genetic advance ; heritability ; PCV ; Cicer arietinum L. ; gold nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; machine learning techniques ; principal component analysis ; support vector machine classification ; citrus ; melanose ; Diaporthe citri ; epidemiology ; symptomatology ; Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis ; resistance-nodulation-cell division transporter ; type-three secretion system ; phytoalexin ; brassinin ; glucosinolate ; cabbage ; flowering ; juvenile traits ; genetic stability ; flow cytometry ; somaclonal variation ; thorniness ; carbohydrates ; protein ; lipids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; plastome ; Plicosepalus acaciae ; Plicosepalus curviflorus ; loranthaceae ; mistletoe ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastome structure ; comparative analysis ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Solanum tuberosum ; multi-exponential transverse relaxation ; water stress ; broccoli ; human nutrition ; improved health ; melatonin ; postharvest ; apricot ; pollen tube ; pollination ; Prunus armeniaca ; S-alleles ; Populus ; hexokinase ; sucrose metabolism ; sugar signaling ; stress and defense ; centres of origin ; crop wild relatives ; crop domestication ; cryopreservation ; conservation ; in vitro storage ; ecosystem restoration ; plant breeding ; acidification ; alkalinisation ; bud burst ; freezing ; Malus domestica ; pH ; Picea abies ; Pinus cembra ; histone modification ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; natural rubber ; high light stress ; singlet oxygen ; signalling ; GPX5 ; beta cyclocitral ; acrolein ; glutathione peroxidase ; carbonyl ; transcription ; SLIM1 transcription factor ; sulfur deficiency ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; sulfate transporter ; sulfate assimilation ; stress tolerance ; LRR-RLK receptors ; dodders ; parasitic plants ; proteomics ; virus vertical transmission ; CMV-Fny strain ; pseudorecombinant virus ; chimeric virus ; infection rate ; seed-growth tests ; electron microscopy ; circular dichroism spectroscopy ; viral assembly ; Adiantetea capilli-veneris ; demographic analysis ; ecology ; IUCN ; plant conservation ; phytosociology ; rupicolous habitat ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: 10th Anniversary of Plants—Recent Advances and Perspectives is a scientific paper collection specially published on the anniversary of Plants. Covering all major areas of plant science, it is a valuable guide through current achievements and future discoveries in this scientific field.
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; Secale montanum ; Secale strictum ; QTL mapping ; molecular marker ; self-incompatibility ; fertility ; seed set ; abiotic stress ; cell homeostasis ; heterologous host synthetic approach ; terpenophenolics ; brown spot ; ACT ; fungus culture filtrate ; mycotoxin ; fruit development ; fruit gauge ; VPD ; Mangifera indica ; cell division ; cell expansion ; ripening ; pulegone ; isomenthone ; menthone ; thymol ; p-cymene ; chemotypes ; seasonal variation ; enantiomeric distribution ; label-free proteomics ; Panax ginseng ; ginsenosides ; cytochrome p450 ; UDP-glycosyltransferase ; MEP pathway ; MVA pathway ; TCA/acetone ; methanol/chloroform ; endophytes ; foliar pathogens ; pathogenicity ; taxonomy ; Thymus vulgaris ; Crithmum maritimum ; leather artifacts ; essential oils ; anti-bacterial activity ; Euphorbia dendroides L. ; aerial parts ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; anti-inflammatory activity ; toxicity ; calcium oxalate crystals ; colleter ; extrafloral nectaries ; resin gland ; bud protection ; plant-environment interaction ; carbohydrate metabolism ; microarray ; crop ; rice ; productivity ; endosperm ; geometry ; morphology ; seed shape ; Vitaceae ; exDNA ; environmental DNA ; DNA sensing ; self-DNA inhibition ; autotoxicity ; plant response ; DAMP ; PAMP ; EDAP ; climate change ; food security ; Mediterranean countries ; sustainable exploitation ; phytogenetic resources ; candidate gene ; quantitative trait locus ; recombinant inbred line ; soybean drought tolerance ; weighted drought coefficient ; antioxidants ; biostimulants ; biotic stress ; GABA ; metabolism ; phytohormones ; reactive oxygen species ; signaling ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; bacterial functions ; co-presence networks ; metagenomics ; microbial ecology ; plant domestication ; trace element ; plant nutrient ; salinity ; antioxidant defense system ; glyoxalase system ; biochar ; licorice ; soil enzymes ; nutrients ; root system ; ALS ; BCAA ; low oxygen ; flooding ; AIP1 ; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver ; trait variations ; probability grading ; quantitative traits ; planting models ; leaves ; cytokinin ; TD-K ; thidiazuron ; INCYDE ; CPPU ; isopentenyl transferase ; IPT ; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ; CKX ; wheat ; barley ; yield ; cucumber ; QTL-seq ; SNP markers ; white immature fruit skin color ; ecological costs ; germination models ; herbicide resistance ; hydrotime ; target-site resistance ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; generalized regression neural network ; genetic algorithm ; scarification ; seed dormancy ; plant tissue culture ; foliar descriptors ; leaf area ; models ; vine leaves ; Olea europaea L. ; olive ; genotype by sequencing (GBS) ; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ; reference genome ; plastid markers ; DNA barcoding ; ISSR markers ; Egyptian barley ; agro-morphological traits ; cluster analysis ; genetic variation ; biplot ; drought stress ; drying processes ; mathematical model ; plant hydric stress tolerance ; rate of weight loss ; RWLMod ; water evaporation ; photosynthesis ; elevated CO2 ; Rubisco ; electron transport ; light ; diurnal cycle ; sexual propagation ; cold stratification ; in situ ; ex situ ; plant endemism ; Morocco ; biodiversity ; ex-situ conservation ; protocols ; germplasm ; forest berries ; brushing ; lettuce ; chicory ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant capacity ; Ziziphus lotus ; phenolics ; SH-SY5Y cell line ; chromatography ; Koelreuteria paniculata ; dry ethanol extracts ; GC-MS analysis ; chemical compounds ; antitumor and antimicrobial activities ; medicinal plant ; bioactive compounds ; plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) ; cell suspension culture (CSC) ; bioreactor engineering ; apple ; Golden Delicious ; Top Red ; fruitlet thinners ; light reactions ; electron transport rate ; photoprotective mechanism ; state transitions ; PSII repair cycle ; vegetation structure ; environmental variables ; PC-ORD ; plant community assembly ; Himalaya ; allopolyploidy ; interspecific hybridization ; unreduced gametes ; cytological diploidization ; genomic changes ; root length ; root/shoot ratio ; specific root length ; Saragolle Lucana ; seed coating ; heavy metals ; evolution ; hyperaccumulation ; black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) ; anthocyanin stability ; herbs ; co-pigmentation ; color stability ; functional foods/beverages ; biotechnological tools ; ethnomedicine ; in vitro culture ; genetic improvement ; pollen ; tip growth ; calcium ; calcium dependent protein kinase ; Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor ; ROP GTPase ; RhoGDI displacement factor ; polarity ; guar ; gene expression ; qRT-PCR ; RNA-Seq ; salt stress ; salt tolerance ; stress ; transcriptome ; D-tagatose ; IFP48 ; induced resistance ; sweet immunity ; sugar-enhanced defense ; Plasmopara viticola ; Botrytis cinerea ; Vitis vinifera ; human diet ; edible wild plants ; Plantago coronopus L. ; Rumex acetosa L. ; Cichorium intybus L. ; Artemisia dracunculus L. ; phytochemistry ; anti-inflammatory properties ; stem photosynthesis ; hydraulic recovery ; soaking ; X-ray micro-CT ; bark water uptake ; embolism ; genetic resources ; Solanaceae ; Cucumis ; Lactuca ; diversity ; vegetables ; genebank ; essential oil ; iNOS ; interleukin ; lavenders ; NF-κB ; glycosyltransferases ; ER-Golgi trafficking ; mechanism of protein sorting ; COPI and COPII complexes ; sequences and motifs involved in trafficking ; Arabidopsis ; gene regulation ; protein-protein interaction ; transcription factor ; WRI1 ; TCP20 ; lipases ; lipid metabolism ; plant-environment interactions ; reproductive development ; vegetative development ; Urtica dioica ; soilless systems ; cultivated nettle ; stress factors ; functional properties ; preharvest sprouting ; MKK3 ; maternal and paternal expressed genes ; imprinted genes ; polycomb repressive complex 2 ; mRNA processing bodies ; ribonucleic binding proteins ; monosomes ; ethylene ; elicitors ; fruit ripening ; ACC synthase/oxidase ; GC-MS ; polyamines ; Vigna genus ; introgression ; hybridisation ; phylogeny ; de novo domestication ; feralisation ; novel ecosystems ; complex networks ; tree communities ; Lantana camara ; Prosopis juliflora ; ascorbic acid ; genetic diversity ; molecular markers ; aquaculture pond sediment ; recovery ; Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; wheat grass juice quality ; UV-B radiation ; olive tree ; metabolomic ; phenolic profile ; lipophilic profile ; ecophysiology ; environment ; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ; comparative transcriptomics ; Arum-type ; Paris-type ; Solanum lycopersicum ; Rhizophagus irregularis ; Gigaspora margarita ; Camelina sativa ; semi-arid lands ; biofuel feedstock ; biodiesel ; renewable diesel ; crop breeding ; transgenesis ; genome editing ; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria ; host associate factor ; comparative genomics ; Cannabis sativa L. ; chemovars ; secondary metabolites ; trichomes ; residual by-products ; biogeography ; cardioid ; islands ; geometric models ; Mediterranean flora ; Silene ; super-ellipse ; abscisic acid ; aromatic herb ; ascorbate-glutathione cycle ; jasmonic acid ; lipoic acid ; oxidative stress ; salicylic acid ; Salvia officinalis ; drought ; state of stress ; tolerance ; avoidance ; stress survival ; amino acids ; nitrate reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; plants mycorrhized ; dark septate ; Daphne genkwa ; Thymelaeaceae ; flavonoids ; design of experiments ; blooming stages ; germination stimulant ; witchweed ; methyl phenlactonoates (MPs) ; Nijmegen-1 ; weed ; plant development ; vasculature ; leaf traces ; structure ; microtomography ; Euphorbiaceae ; in vitro crop ; gamma radiation ; ionizing radiation ; mutants ; Fumaria scheleicheri Soy. Will. ; isoquinoline alkaloids ; HPLC-DAD ; in vitro anti-cholinesterase ; cytotoxic ; antioxidant ; ABC model ; hop ; transcription factors ; type-II MADS box ; type-I MADS-box ; AFLP ; carpological traits ; genetic structure ; molecular systematics ; plastid phylogeny ; Valerianaceae ; auxins ; embryogenic calli ; HPLC ; IAA ; immunohistochemistry ; deficit irrigation ; grape quality ; phenology ; plant diseases ; bacterium ; symptoms ; molecular classification ; common juniper ; common larch ; Cupressaceae ; Pinaceae ; SPME-GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; herbicidal activity ; weed control ; trait association ; GCV ; genetic variability ; genetic advance ; heritability ; PCV ; Cicer arietinum L. ; gold nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; machine learning techniques ; principal component analysis ; support vector machine classification ; citrus ; melanose ; Diaporthe citri ; epidemiology ; symptomatology ; Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis ; resistance-nodulation-cell division transporter ; type-three secretion system ; phytoalexin ; brassinin ; glucosinolate ; cabbage ; flowering ; juvenile traits ; genetic stability ; flow cytometry ; somaclonal variation ; thorniness ; carbohydrates ; protein ; lipids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; plastome ; Plicosepalus acaciae ; Plicosepalus curviflorus ; loranthaceae ; mistletoe ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastome structure ; comparative analysis ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Solanum tuberosum ; multi-exponential transverse relaxation ; water stress ; broccoli ; human nutrition ; improved health ; melatonin ; postharvest ; apricot ; pollen tube ; pollination ; Prunus armeniaca ; S-alleles ; Populus ; hexokinase ; sucrose metabolism ; sugar signaling ; stress and defense ; centres of origin ; crop wild relatives ; crop domestication ; cryopreservation ; conservation ; in vitro storage ; ecosystem restoration ; plant breeding ; acidification ; alkalinisation ; bud burst ; freezing ; Malus domestica ; pH ; Picea abies ; Pinus cembra ; histone modification ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; natural rubber ; high light stress ; singlet oxygen ; signalling ; GPX5 ; beta cyclocitral ; acrolein ; glutathione peroxidase ; carbonyl ; transcription ; SLIM1 transcription factor ; sulfur deficiency ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; sulfate transporter ; sulfate assimilation ; stress tolerance ; LRR-RLK receptors ; dodders ; parasitic plants ; proteomics ; virus vertical transmission ; CMV-Fny strain ; pseudorecombinant virus ; chimeric virus ; infection rate ; seed-growth tests ; electron microscopy ; circular dichroism spectroscopy ; viral assembly ; Adiantetea capilli-veneris ; demographic analysis ; ecology ; IUCN ; plant conservation ; phytosociology ; rupicolous habitat ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Personalized medicine plays an important role in cancer prevention. To date, it is clear that many cancers are molecularly distinct subtypes, and different therapeutic approaches would be required for each. Indeed, the identification of cancer susceptibility genes permits identifying patients “at risk” of developing neoplasia and supports modifying individual risk behaviors or the choice of preventive therapy. Additionally, the efficacy of various targeted therapies in different cancer subtypes suggests that treatment choices in the near future will be more and more centered on molecular signatures. Data from preclinical, clinical, and observational studies have revealed the ability to prevent cancer development for compounds with different indications than cancer. The concept of drug repurposing permits combinations that can target several critical pathways of a specific disease, decreasing the risk of resistance observed when using single-agent targeted therapy.This open-access Special Issue brings together original research and review articles on molecular oncology with attention to the early detection and prevention of cancer. It highlights new findings, methods, and technical advances in molecular cancer research. The main feature of this Special Issue is to provide an open-source sharing of significant works in the field of molecular oncology that can increase our understanding of cancer development, which may lead to the discovery of new molecular diagnostic technologies and targeted therapeutics.
    Keywords: melanoma ; β3-tubulin ; microtubules ; microvesicles ; endometrial cancer ; steroid receptors ; aromatase inhibitors ; progression free survival ; overall survival ; ALK ; EGFR ; non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ; immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) ; adenocarcinoma ; GANT61 ; non-canonical Hedgehog-GLI signaling ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; tyrosine kinase inhibitor ; multidrug resistance ; cancer ; ABC transporter ; SLC transporter ; lysosomal sequestration ; cancer cell migration ; prognosis ; biomarker ; extracellular vesicles ; lipid metabolism ; human thymidylate synthase peptidic-inhibitors ; pH-sensitive PEGylated liposomes ; ovarian cancer ; drug-resistance ; raltitrexed ; 5-fluorouracil ; bladder cancer ; muscle invasive ; non-muscle invasive ; molecular subtypes ; evolution ; targeted therapy ; classification ; gut microbiota ; NAFLD ; HCC ; dysbiosis ; metabolites ; NSCLC ; early stage ; osimertinib ; DMTF1 ; ARF ; INK4a ; p53 ; Cyclin D1 ; YY1 ; STAT3 ; tumor promoter ; tumor suppressor ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Duckweed (Lemnaceae) represents a small aquatic monocot plant family presently composed of 36 species. These plants gained importance in recent decades for their applications in wastewater purification, as animal food or human nutrition, as well as for energy production. This Reprint presents 39 manuscripts published in the Special Issue “Duckweed: Research meets applications” of the journal Plants. We provide an overview of the present state of the art of duckweed research in taxonomy of the family, phytoremediation, accumulation of protein or starch, interaction with microorganisms, and phytomonitoring of toxic compounds. This Special Issue also invited the participants of the 6th International Conference on Duckweed Research and Applications (ICDRAs) held in Gatersleben, Germany, organised on behalf of the International Steering Committee on Duckweed Research and Applications (ISCDRAs). This Reprint is organised as follows:1. Introduction; 2. Molecular Characterization and Taxonomy; 3. Phytoremediation: Wastewater; 4. Applications: Accumulation of Protein or Starch; 5. Interaction with Microorganisms; 6. Physiology and Phytomonitoring.The manuscripts were organised by the Guest Editors Viktor Oláh (University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary), Klaus-J. Appenroth (Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany), and K. Sowjanya Sree (Central University Kerala, Periye, India).
    Keywords: Lemnaceae ; remediation ; feed safety ; mineral supplements ; accumulation ; agricultural wastewater ; nutrient recovery ; biosynthesis inhibitor ; duckweed ; occurrence ; overcome ; phytohormones ; wastewater ; density ; surface cover ; circular economy ; lemna ; amino acids ; biomass production ; cultivation ; nutrient medium ; uptake ; water lentils ; yield ; Wolffia sp. ; space plant biology ; astrobiology ; bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) ; biomass ; aquatic plants ; Araceae ; duckweeds ; Lemnoideae ; molecular phylogenetics ; taxonomy ; chlorophyll fluorescence imaging ; PAM fluorometry ; duckweed test ; Spirodela polyrhiza ; phytotoxicity ; hormesis ; interspecific hybrids ; tubulin-based polymorphism ; β-tubulin ; nitrogen assimilation ; nitrate reductase ; nitrite reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; GOGAT ; gene expression ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; electron transport chain ; inflammation ; lutein ; photosystem ; photosynthetic capacity ; relative growth rate ; duckweed-associated bacteria ; Microbacterium ; Azospirillum ; auxin ; AXR1 ; Arabidopsis ; amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) ; biodiversity ; intraspecific diversity ; Lemna minor ; population analysis ; Wolffiella hyalina ; red/blue ratio ; standardized production ; light quality ; light quantity ; controlled environment ; sustainable fish feed ; alternative proteins ; on-growing phase ; barcoding ; chloroplast DNA ; molecular evolution ; aquaponics ; steroid 17β-estradiol ; Scenedesmus quadricauda ; Lemna minor ; fish wastewater ; population growth ; biomolecule synthesis ; machine learning ; image analysis ; machine training ; Lemna ; phytoremediation ; chromosome number ; evolution ; genome size ; karyotype ; microbiome ; 16S rRNA ; metagenome ; stress ; adhesion ; aquatic ; biomonitoring ; microplastics ; microbeads ; anaerobic digestate ; biomass generation ; genotyping ; intraspecific variation ; aquaculture effluents ; IMTA ; RAS ; phytoplankton ; bacteria ; Lemnacea ; alternative protein ; water recovery ; continuous systems ; giant duckweed ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; great pond snail ; microbiota ; adaptation ; herbivory ; tolerance ; resistance ; fatty acids ; DNA barcoding ; diversity ; biogeography ; nitrogen content ; protein concentration ; migration ; heavy metal ; metallothionein ; metal accumulation ; ionomics ; ICP-OES ; micro-XRF ; poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) ; free-floating plant ; freshwater ; microplastic adsorption ; phytotoxic effect ; chronic impact ; manganese toxicity ; ammonium transporter ; transcription factors ; Spirodela ; water pollutants ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; heavy metals ; agrochemicals wastewater remediation ; plant-microbe interactions ; plant-bacteria associations ; bacterial colonization ; RISA ; Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 ; Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 ; strain-specific primers ; bead-beating ; starch accumulation ; AtPSP1 overexpression ; sulfur deficiency ; Lemna turionifera 5511 ; whole genome sequencing ; abiotic stress management ; biotic stress management ; abiotic stress ; biotic stress ; turion ; Lemna gibba ; polyploidisation ; spontaneous mutation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Interactions between nucleic acids and proteins are essential requirements for the viability of cellular life because they are indispensable for many basic biological processes. DNA is typically presented as a specific double-stranded helical structure, but nucleic acids have great structural flexibility. Current knowledge demonstrates that the structural conformations of nucleic acids play critical roles in protein–DNA interactions. This book presents a collection of research findings published in the Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, titled “Impacts of Molecular Structure on Nucleic Acid-Protein Interactions”.The breadth of research findings reported here demonstrates that the structural flexibility of nucleic acids plays critical roles in their interactions with proteins, with important implications across a range of human diseases, including cancer and some infectious diseases.Prof. Richard BowaterUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich, United KingdomProf. Václav BrázdaInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
    Keywords: DNA ; RNA ; protein binding ; G-quadruplex ; triplex ; i-motif ; Z-DNA ; Z-RNA ; cruciform ; amino acid composition ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; CNBP ; virus ; bioinformatics ; coevolution ; host ; dsDNA ; G4Hunter ; evolution ; plant science ; nucleic acids ; circular dichroism ; UV light ; ligand ; rhodamine ; thiazole orange ; thioflavin T ; p53 ; aging ; longevity ; comparative analysis ; protein sequence ; Drosophila ; polytene chromosomes ; Canton-S ; agnostic ; ectopic pairing ; 1.688 repeats ; 372-bp repeats ; fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) ; fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) ; fragile X syndrome (FXS) ; repeat instability ; repeat expansion ; chromosome fragility ; RNA gain-of-function ; repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation ; repeat-mediated gene silencing ; Zα domain ; orthogonal representation ; algorithm ; toehold switch ; arithmetic operation ; RNA–RNA interaction ; molecular computing ; reversible computing ; DNA base sequence ; DNA structure ; DNA supercoiling ; epigenetics ; genome stability ; inverted repeat ; replication ; transcription ; nucleic acid–protein interactions ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Halophytes are a fascinating group of wild plants adapted to highly saline natural habitats, where most plant species and all our conventional crops would not survive. In fact, some halophytes can withstand even seawater salinity. In the current climate change scenario, increasing average temperatures and drought episodes contribute to the accelerated salinisation of irrigated cropland, especially in arid and semiarid regions, by the progressive accumulation in the soil of salts dissolved in irrigation water. This ‘secondary salinisation’ is one of the major causes of reducing crop yields worldwide. In this context, halophytes represent ideal experimental systems to investigate the mechanisms plants use to respond to high-salinity conditions. This knowledge will be essential for the genetic improvement of crop salt tolerance, which represents the most sensible strategy to address the abovementioned problem. Furthermore, halophytes could be the basis of a sustainable, ‘saline’ agriculture, after domestication and some breeding to improve agronomic characteristics. Then, they could be commercially cultivated for food, feed, fibre, or the production of biomolecules of industrial interest. Since they could be grown in saline land and irrigated with brackish water, they will not compete with our conventional crops for these limited resources, fertile land and good-quality water for irrigation. The articles included in this Special Issue address these different aspects of halophytes’ research, although most focus on basic studies on salt-tolerance mechanisms.
    Keywords: halophytes ; Amaranthaceae ; salinity ; antioxidant enzymes ; phenolic compounds ; salt stress ; growth responses ; ion accumulation ; osmolytes ; oxidative stress biomarkers ; antioxidants ; climate change ; growth ; osmolyte accumulation ; phytohormones ; polyamines ; salicylic acid ; biosaline agriculture ; salt tolerance ; osmotic stress ; pre-conditioning ; intraspecific variability ; bioactive compounds ; flavonoids ; fatty acids ; Suaeda ; physiology ; oxidative stress ; potential toxic elements ; betacyanin ; carbon ; nitrogen ; phytoremediation ; rice ; halophyte ; root ; microelectrode ion flux ; MIFE ; transporters ; inflorescences ; ion localization ; forage legumes ; ions ; mineral nutrition ; salinity tolerance ; strawberry clover ; morphology ; anatomy ; catalase ; peroxidase ; hydrogen peroxide ; chlorophyll content ; Sarcocornia fruticosa ; Salicornia europaea ; Salicornia veneta ; drought stress ; stress recovery ; ion transport ; oxidative stress markers ; salt glands ; recretohalophytes ; endemism ; water deficit ; osmolytes accumulation ; drought tolerance ; conservation programmes ; climate emergency ; crops’ wild relatives ; glycophytes ; salt tolerance mechanisms ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vols 1 and 2 contain 57 papers in the Special Issue of ‘Plant Genomics 2009’ and cover a wide range of topics, highlighting the significant progress that has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics and genomics of plants’ growth, development, and stress responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential applications of genomic tools and technologies for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture, as well as fundamental questions about the evolution and function of plant genes and genomes.
    Keywords: Aristolochia ; chloroplast genome ; molecular evolution ; compare analysis ; phylogeny ; brassinosteroid-signaling kinase ; gene family ; expression profile ; alternative splicing ; intron retention ; genome-wide analysis ; drought tolerance ; foxtail millet ; LIM genes ; transgenic rice ; protein phosphatase (PP2C) ; cotton ; syntenic relationships ; expression patterns ; evolutionary analysis ; Populus trichocarpa ; multiple organellar RNA editing factor ; drought stress ; RNA editing ; genome ; β-glucosidase ; Brassica rapa ; BrBGLU10 ; pollen development ; co-expression analysis ; VQ genes family ; Eucalyptus grandis ; expression pattern ; plant hormones ; abiotic stress ; calcium-dependent protein kinases ; CDPK-related kinases ; cucurbitaceae ; hst1 ; Na+ accumulation ; SNP ; rapid generation advance ; salt tolerant ; variant annotation ; whole-genome sequencing ; expression ; genome-wide ; identification of peroxidase genes ; duplication pattern ; stress ; cassava ; ABCDE model ; cereals ; evolutionary relationships ; flower organ identity ; floral speciation ; MADS-box genes ; maize ; ZmTCP ; natural variation ; subgroup IId ; CsWRKY7 ; flowering ; Arabidopsis ; Camellia sinensis ; pomegranate ; sequence diversity ; site-specific selection ; tomato ; MADS-box ; floral organ ; fruit development ; polygalacturonase (PGs), pectin methylesterase (PMEs), collinearity analysis ; gene duplications ; expression profiling ; grapevine ; Rehmannia glutinosa L. ; replant disease ; rhizosphere microbes ; NB-LRR ; plant hormone ; apple ; aquaporin ; functional analysis ; stress tolerance ; Salicaceae ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastid genome ; comparative genomics ; repeat sequences ; stress marker genes ; sesame ; gene co-expression ; abiotic stress tolerance ; hub genes ; meta-analysis ; agrobacterium ; transient expression ; virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) ; tobacco rattle virus (TRV) ; cassava (Manihot esculenta) ; chalcone synthase ; chromatin accessibility ; epigenetic inheritance ; genetic engineering ; methylation ; ODNs ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; plant breeding ; multiplex genome editing ; crop improvement ; TALEN ; ZFN ; biotic stress ; avocado ; carotenoid biosynthesis ; mesocarp ; seed ; de novo assembly from short read sequencing ; full-length transcript sequencing ; differentially expressed genes ; gene dosage ; pigment ; turnip ; gene expression ; antioxidant ; nutritional quality ; B3 superfamily ; transcription factor ; ovule abortion ; Vitis vinifera ; expression analysis ; cold response ; Pittosporum tobira ; leaf variegation ; linoleic acid ; ROS scavenging enzyme ; heat shock protein ; invasive weed ; Rhizoctonia solani ; phytohormone signaling ; systemic signal ; plant defense ; calcium signaling ; ABA ; drought ; salinity ; citrulline ; genome-wide association study ; haplotype ; watermelon ; acetolactate synthase ; ferrochelatase ; rice ; large grain gene ; large grain-isogenic Koshihikari ; fine mapping ; NGS ; GW2 ; co-integration ; gene recombination ; semidwarf gene ; d60 ; linkage ; chromosome 2 ; Brachypodium ; comparative chromosome barcoding ; dysploidy ; karyotype structure and evolution ; model grass genus ; molecular cytogenetics ; polyploidy ; plant genome ; artificial microRNA ; gene silencing ; Lagerstroemia indica ; ornamental value ; anthocyanins ; leaf coloration ; directional improvement ; YABBY ; pineapple ; subcellular localization ; oak species identification ; Quercus ; mutation hotspots ; Centranthera grandiflora Benth ; transcriptome ; catalpol biosynthesis ; acteoside biosynthesis ; azafrin biosynthesis ; wheat ; Dasypyrum villosum ; alien substitution line ; GISH ; molecular marker ; marker-assisted selection ; regulation ; RNA-seq ; biosynthesis pathway ; chalcones ; stilbenes ; common bean ; Fusarium oxysproum ; plant–pathogen interaction ; metabolome ; evolution ; genome fractionation ; ABC transporters ; transcription factors ; transposable elements ; whole-genome duplication ; RNA-sequencing ; ChIP-sequencing ; transcriptional regulatory mechanism ; data integration ; karyopherin ; solanum tuberosum ; chemical fungicide ; disease control ; Neoscytalidium dimidiatum ; royal poinciana ; stem canker ; UAE ; bioinformatics ; VvGAST ; GASR ; Cis-elements ; wheat genome ; kernel hardness ; Puroindoline ; Puroindoline b-2 variants ; genotype-to-phenotype association ; synteny ; phylogenetic analysis ; genomic selection ; missing data ; minor allele frequency ; GDSL lipase ; GPAT6 ; cutin ; habaneros ; Capsicum chinense ; fruit ; RNA-Seq ; flax ; genome-wide association study (GWAS) ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; prediction accuracy ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) ; Fabaceae ; Lupinus ; glutamine synthetase (GS) ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) ; gene families ; duplication/triplication ; structural genomics ; genome organization ; genome evolution ; microRNA ; miRNA156 ; seed development ; fatty acid synthesis ; linseed flax ; anthocyanin biosynthetic genes ; cis-regulatory motifs ; DEGs ; network analysis ; qRT-PCR ; reddish purple Chinese cabbage ; abscisic acid ; flavonolignans ; metabolite profiling ; Silybum marianum ; silymarin ; aquaporins ; bright yellow-2 suspension cells ; Nicotiana tabacum ; substrate specificity ; TaCKX1 ; TaCKX expression ; grain yield ; cytokinins ; phytohormones ; RNAi ; wheat spikes ; genome-wide identification ; 2OGD family ; hormone biosynthetic and metabolism genes ; tomato fruit ripening ; DNA methylation ; phenomics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This reprint focuses on relevant findings in the field of neuroscience, ranging from cognitive neuroscience, including studies on human consciousness, to clinical neurology, including studies on autism and epilepsy. Furthermore, the latest methods in the expanding field of neuroscience from cognitive to clinical subdisciplines will also be available to the readers.
    Keywords: zebrafish ; plasticity ; brain development ; optic tectum ; brain regeneration ; addiction ; maternal separation ; risk factor ; sex differences ; brain–computer interface (BCI) ; inner speech ; electroencephalography (EEG) ; deep learning ; Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) ; independent component analysis ; supervised learning ; long COVID ; parasympathetic ; sympathetic ; autonomic dysfunction ; autonomic therapy ; outcomes ; neurosarcoidosis ; sarcoidosis ; cranial neuropathy ; facial diplegia ; lymph node biopsy ; body mass index ; brain function ; cognition ; developing context ; neuropsychological tests ; obesity ; peripheral autonomic neuropathy ; advanced autonomic dysfunction ; diabetic autonomic neuropathy ; cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy ; small fiber disorder ; sudomotor testing ; human single neuron ; hippocampus ; amygdala ; human race perception ; autism ; handwriting ; motion tracking ; developmental neuroscience ; crab ; K2p channels ; proprioception ; sensory ; autism spectrum disorder ; mouse model ; idiopathic ; cerebellum ; neural ; brain ; structural intelligence ; cell expression ; evolution ; brain metastases ; glioblastoma ; machine learning ; primary central nervous system lymphoma ; brain organoids ; sentiomics ; regenerative neuromedicine ; dynamic patterns ; Amazon Rainforest ; intraoperative fluorescence ; pediatric brain tumors ; neurosurgical adjunct ; consciousness ; brain networks ; artificial intelligence ; synthetic biology ; cognitive robotics ; complex systems ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: 10th Anniversary of Plants—Recent Advances and Perspectives is a scientific paper collection specially published on the anniversary of Plants. Covering all major areas of plant science, it is a valuable guide through current achievements and future discoveries in this scientific field.
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; Secale montanum ; Secale strictum ; QTL mapping ; molecular marker ; self-incompatibility ; fertility ; seed set ; abiotic stress ; cell homeostasis ; heterologous host synthetic approach ; terpenophenolics ; brown spot ; ACT ; fungus culture filtrate ; mycotoxin ; fruit development ; fruit gauge ; VPD ; Mangifera indica ; cell division ; cell expansion ; ripening ; pulegone ; isomenthone ; menthone ; thymol ; p-cymene ; chemotypes ; seasonal variation ; enantiomeric distribution ; label-free proteomics ; Panax ginseng ; ginsenosides ; cytochrome p450 ; UDP-glycosyltransferase ; MEP pathway ; MVA pathway ; TCA/acetone ; methanol/chloroform ; endophytes ; foliar pathogens ; pathogenicity ; taxonomy ; Thymus vulgaris ; Crithmum maritimum ; leather artifacts ; essential oils ; anti-bacterial activity ; Euphorbia dendroides L. ; aerial parts ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; anti-inflammatory activity ; toxicity ; calcium oxalate crystals ; colleter ; extrafloral nectaries ; resin gland ; bud protection ; plant-environment interaction ; carbohydrate metabolism ; microarray ; crop ; rice ; productivity ; endosperm ; geometry ; morphology ; seed shape ; Vitaceae ; exDNA ; environmental DNA ; DNA sensing ; self-DNA inhibition ; autotoxicity ; plant response ; DAMP ; PAMP ; EDAP ; climate change ; food security ; Mediterranean countries ; sustainable exploitation ; phytogenetic resources ; candidate gene ; quantitative trait locus ; recombinant inbred line ; soybean drought tolerance ; weighted drought coefficient ; antioxidants ; biostimulants ; biotic stress ; GABA ; metabolism ; phytohormones ; reactive oxygen species ; signaling ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; bacterial functions ; co-presence networks ; metagenomics ; microbial ecology ; plant domestication ; trace element ; plant nutrient ; salinity ; antioxidant defense system ; glyoxalase system ; biochar ; licorice ; soil enzymes ; nutrients ; root system ; ALS ; BCAA ; low oxygen ; flooding ; AIP1 ; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver ; trait variations ; probability grading ; quantitative traits ; planting models ; leaves ; cytokinin ; TD-K ; thidiazuron ; INCYDE ; CPPU ; isopentenyl transferase ; IPT ; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ; CKX ; wheat ; barley ; yield ; cucumber ; QTL-seq ; SNP markers ; white immature fruit skin color ; ecological costs ; germination models ; herbicide resistance ; hydrotime ; target-site resistance ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; generalized regression neural network ; genetic algorithm ; scarification ; seed dormancy ; plant tissue culture ; foliar descriptors ; leaf area ; models ; vine leaves ; Olea europaea L. ; olive ; genotype by sequencing (GBS) ; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ; reference genome ; plastid markers ; DNA barcoding ; ISSR markers ; Egyptian barley ; agro-morphological traits ; cluster analysis ; genetic variation ; biplot ; drought stress ; drying processes ; mathematical model ; plant hydric stress tolerance ; rate of weight loss ; RWLMod ; water evaporation ; photosynthesis ; elevated CO2 ; Rubisco ; electron transport ; light ; diurnal cycle ; sexual propagation ; cold stratification ; in situ ; ex situ ; plant endemism ; Morocco ; biodiversity ; ex-situ conservation ; protocols ; germplasm ; forest berries ; brushing ; lettuce ; chicory ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant capacity ; Ziziphus lotus ; phenolics ; SH-SY5Y cell line ; chromatography ; Koelreuteria paniculata ; dry ethanol extracts ; GC-MS analysis ; chemical compounds ; antitumor and antimicrobial activities ; medicinal plant ; bioactive compounds ; plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) ; cell suspension culture (CSC) ; bioreactor engineering ; apple ; Golden Delicious ; Top Red ; fruitlet thinners ; light reactions ; electron transport rate ; photoprotective mechanism ; state transitions ; PSII repair cycle ; vegetation structure ; environmental variables ; PC-ORD ; plant community assembly ; Himalaya ; allopolyploidy ; interspecific hybridization ; unreduced gametes ; cytological diploidization ; genomic changes ; root length ; root/shoot ratio ; specific root length ; Saragolle Lucana ; seed coating ; heavy metals ; evolution ; hyperaccumulation ; black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) ; anthocyanin stability ; herbs ; co-pigmentation ; color stability ; functional foods/beverages ; biotechnological tools ; ethnomedicine ; in vitro culture ; genetic improvement ; pollen ; tip growth ; calcium ; calcium dependent protein kinase ; Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor ; ROP GTPase ; RhoGDI displacement factor ; polarity ; guar ; gene expression ; qRT-PCR ; RNA-Seq ; salt stress ; salt tolerance ; stress ; transcriptome ; D-tagatose ; IFP48 ; induced resistance ; sweet immunity ; sugar-enhanced defense ; Plasmopara viticola ; Botrytis cinerea ; Vitis vinifera ; human diet ; edible wild plants ; Plantago coronopus L. ; Rumex acetosa L. ; Cichorium intybus L. ; Artemisia dracunculus L. ; phytochemistry ; anti-inflammatory properties ; stem photosynthesis ; hydraulic recovery ; soaking ; X-ray micro-CT ; bark water uptake ; embolism ; genetic resources ; Solanaceae ; Cucumis ; Lactuca ; diversity ; vegetables ; genebank ; essential oil ; iNOS ; interleukin ; lavenders ; NF-κB ; glycosyltransferases ; ER-Golgi trafficking ; mechanism of protein sorting ; COPI and COPII complexes ; sequences and motifs involved in trafficking ; Arabidopsis ; gene regulation ; protein-protein interaction ; transcription factor ; WRI1 ; TCP20 ; lipases ; lipid metabolism ; plant-environment interactions ; reproductive development ; vegetative development ; Urtica dioica ; soilless systems ; cultivated nettle ; stress factors ; functional properties ; preharvest sprouting ; MKK3 ; maternal and paternal expressed genes ; imprinted genes ; polycomb repressive complex 2 ; mRNA processing bodies ; ribonucleic binding proteins ; monosomes ; ethylene ; elicitors ; fruit ripening ; ACC synthase/oxidase ; GC-MS ; polyamines ; Vigna genus ; introgression ; hybridisation ; phylogeny ; de novo domestication ; feralisation ; novel ecosystems ; complex networks ; tree communities ; Lantana camara ; Prosopis juliflora ; ascorbic acid ; genetic diversity ; molecular markers ; aquaculture pond sediment ; recovery ; Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; wheat grass juice quality ; UV-B radiation ; olive tree ; metabolomic ; phenolic profile ; lipophilic profile ; ecophysiology ; environment ; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ; comparative transcriptomics ; Arum-type ; Paris-type ; Solanum lycopersicum ; Rhizophagus irregularis ; Gigaspora margarita ; Camelina sativa ; semi-arid lands ; biofuel feedstock ; biodiesel ; renewable diesel ; crop breeding ; transgenesis ; genome editing ; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria ; host associate factor ; comparative genomics ; Cannabis sativa L. ; chemovars ; secondary metabolites ; trichomes ; residual by-products ; biogeography ; cardioid ; islands ; geometric models ; Mediterranean flora ; Silene ; super-ellipse ; abscisic acid ; aromatic herb ; ascorbate-glutathione cycle ; jasmonic acid ; lipoic acid ; oxidative stress ; salicylic acid ; Salvia officinalis ; drought ; state of stress ; tolerance ; avoidance ; stress survival ; amino acids ; nitrate reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; plants mycorrhized ; dark septate ; Daphne genkwa ; Thymelaeaceae ; flavonoids ; design of experiments ; blooming stages ; germination stimulant ; witchweed ; methyl phenlactonoates (MPs) ; Nijmegen-1 ; weed ; plant development ; vasculature ; leaf traces ; structure ; microtomography ; Euphorbiaceae ; in vitro crop ; gamma radiation ; ionizing radiation ; mutants ; Fumaria scheleicheri Soy. Will. ; isoquinoline alkaloids ; HPLC-DAD ; in vitro anti-cholinesterase ; cytotoxic ; antioxidant ; ABC model ; hop ; transcription factors ; type-II MADS box ; type-I MADS-box ; AFLP ; carpological traits ; genetic structure ; molecular systematics ; plastid phylogeny ; Valerianaceae ; auxins ; embryogenic calli ; HPLC ; IAA ; immunohistochemistry ; deficit irrigation ; grape quality ; phenology ; plant diseases ; bacterium ; symptoms ; molecular classification ; common juniper ; common larch ; Cupressaceae ; Pinaceae ; SPME-GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; herbicidal activity ; weed control ; trait association ; GCV ; genetic variability ; genetic advance ; heritability ; PCV ; Cicer arietinum L. ; gold nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; machine learning techniques ; principal component analysis ; support vector machine classification ; citrus ; melanose ; Diaporthe citri ; epidemiology ; symptomatology ; Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis ; resistance-nodulation-cell division transporter ; type-three secretion system ; phytoalexin ; brassinin ; glucosinolate ; cabbage ; flowering ; juvenile traits ; genetic stability ; flow cytometry ; somaclonal variation ; thorniness ; carbohydrates ; protein ; lipids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; plastome ; Plicosepalus acaciae ; Plicosepalus curviflorus ; loranthaceae ; mistletoe ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastome structure ; comparative analysis ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Solanum tuberosum ; multi-exponential transverse relaxation ; water stress ; broccoli ; human nutrition ; improved health ; melatonin ; postharvest ; apricot ; pollen tube ; pollination ; Prunus armeniaca ; S-alleles ; Populus ; hexokinase ; sucrose metabolism ; sugar signaling ; stress and defense ; centres of origin ; crop wild relatives ; crop domestication ; cryopreservation ; conservation ; in vitro storage ; ecosystem restoration ; plant breeding ; acidification ; alkalinisation ; bud burst ; freezing ; Malus domestica ; pH ; Picea abies ; Pinus cembra ; histone modification ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; natural rubber ; high light stress ; singlet oxygen ; signalling ; GPX5 ; beta cyclocitral ; acrolein ; glutathione peroxidase ; carbonyl ; transcription ; SLIM1 transcription factor ; sulfur deficiency ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; sulfate transporter ; sulfate assimilation ; stress tolerance ; LRR-RLK receptors ; dodders ; parasitic plants ; proteomics ; virus vertical transmission ; CMV-Fny strain ; pseudorecombinant virus ; chimeric virus ; infection rate ; seed-growth tests ; electron microscopy ; circular dichroism spectroscopy ; viral assembly ; Adiantetea capilli-veneris ; demographic analysis ; ecology ; IUCN ; plant conservation ; phytosociology ; rupicolous habitat ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Several factors influence consumers’ choices of food products. While price remains the main criterion, quality, pleasure, convenience, and health are also important driving factors in food market evolution. Food enterprises are making significant efforts to manufacture products that meet consumers’ demands without compromising on safety standards. Additionally, the food industry also aims to improve the efficiency of transformation and conservation processes by minimizing energy consumption, process duration, and waste generation. However, foods are highly complex systems in which: (i) Non-linear dynamics and interactions among different temporal and spatial scales must be considered; (ii) A wide range of physical phenomena occur; (iii) Different food matrices, with different microstructures and properties are involved; and (iv) The number of quality and safety indicators (such as bacteria, total volatile basic nitrogen, color, texture, odor, and sensory characteristics) is substantial. Mathematical modeling and simulation are key elements that allow us to gain a deeper understanding of food processes and enable the use of tools such as optimization and real-time control to improve their efficiency. This Special Issue gathers research on the development of dynamic mathematical models that describe the relevant factors in food processes, and model-based tools to improve such processes. The contributions published in this Special Issue can be grouped into two categories: the evolution of safety and quality indicators in unprocessed food systems, and transformation and preservation processes.
    Keywords: food safety ; predictive microbiology ; mathematical models ; microbial inactivation ; sublethal injury ; bioprocess engineering ; fermentation process ; batch bioreactors ; dynamical non-linear mathematical model ; model identification ; particle swarm optimization ; simulation ; Carnobacterium maltaromaticum ; modeling ; microbial growth ; optimization ; fermentation ; temperature-dependent thermal properties ; scaled sensitivity coefficient ; TPCell ; parameter estimation ; inverse problems ; food microstructure ; electronic nose ; Shewanella putrefaciens ; dynamic growth ; spoilage prediction ; GC-MS ; acrylamide formation ; thermal resistance ; dynamic models ; FSSP ; DoE ; smoke ; fish ; wine fermentation ; nitrogen ; mathematical modeling ; population model ; maintenance ; variable yield ; underutilized wild species ; lycopene ; viscosity ; thermal processing ; color ; mathematical modelling ; fish quality ; fish freshness ; bibliometric analysis ; stress variables ; quality degradation ; beer fermentation ; food industry ; multi-objective optimization ; model-based optimization ; equivalent solutions ; uncertainty ; Monte Carlo ; frying operation ; acrylamide ; quality ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.
    Keywords: woody biomass crops ; bioenergy ; biodiversity ; species richness ; flora ; vascular plants ; short rotation coppices ; poplars ; willows ; feeding simulation ; defoliation ; herbivory ; short rotation coppice ; phosphatase activity ; nutrient content ; growth stages ; biomass ; willow ; Salix ; capacity ; European larch ; fast-growing trees ; plantations ; plantation area ; poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” ; sown area ; biomass production ; life cycle assessment ; climate impact ; soil organic carbon ; genotypic difference ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; Populus ; INRA 717-1B4 ; pyramidal plant habitus ; leaf petiole angle ; branch angle ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; carbon ; physiology ; F. mandshurica ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; photosynthetic vitality ; chlorophyll and phenol content ; nutrition supply ; dry matter yield ; land reclamation ; spring pruning ; year-long pruning ; branching ; angle diversion of sprout ; dry matter losses ; poplar wood chips ; laboratory scale ; cultivable saproxylic microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; abiotic stress response ; photosynthesis ; phosphoglycolate phosphatase ; photorespiration ; 2-phosphoglycolate ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; glycolate oxidase ; protein phosphorylation ; Zea mays ; Portulaca grandiflora ; C4 photosynthesis ; Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), evolution ; development ; PEP carboxylase ; Portulacaceae ; glycine decarboxylase ; metabolite signaling/acclimation ; TCA cycle ; Calvin–Benson cycle ; photoperiodic changes ; redox-regulation ; environmental adaptation ; Glycolate oxidase ; evolution ; Archaeplastida ; Cyanobacteria ; MCF ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mitochondrial carriers ; transporters ; energy balancing ; cyclic electron flux ; malate valve ; C3 cycle ; acclimation ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; fluctuating light ; natural variation ; pyruvate kinase ; glycolysis ; respiratory metabolism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book focuses on recent advances in plasma technology and its application to metals, alloys, and related materials. Surface modifications, material syntheses, cutting and surface coatings are performed using low-pressure plasma or atmospheric-pressure plasma. The contributions of this book include the discussion of a wide scope of plasma technologies applied to materials. Plasma is a versatile tool that can be applied in many types of material processing. New material processing applications of plasmas and new plasma technologies are being developed rapidly. We hope that this book can contribute new knowledge to the plasma material research society.
    Keywords: cathodic plasma electrolysis deposition ; Al2O3 coating ; oxidation ; solution surface tension ; nitrogen plasma ; Ga droplet ; GaN nanodot ; transmission electron microscopy ; wurtzite ; Zinc-blende ; plasma cutting ; cut heat affected zone ; mini-tensile test ; steel plate ; residual stress ; atmospheric pressure plasma jet ; platinum ; tin oxide ; dye-sensitized solar cells ; chloroplatinic acid ; tin chloride ; self-lubricating ; composite coating ; titanium ; plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ; polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ; plasma nitriding ; atmospheric-pressure plasma ; nitrogen dose amount ; hydrogen fraction ; void ; Ti6Al4V lattice structure ; Ag-doped TiO2 anatase ; spark plasma sintering ; selective laser melting ; additive manufacturing ; antibacterial and photoactivity applications ; aluminum ; surface ; plasma ; nitrogen ; postdischarge ; atmospheric pressure ; wettability ; organic-inorganic halide perovskite ; air plasma ; plasma treatment ; optoelectronic properties ; morphology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 36
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: In higher mammals, including primates and carnivores, the asymmetrical aspects of brain morphology and function have been shown to be species-related, sex-related, and subject to individual diversity, and are associated with cognition, emotion, language, preference of hand/paw use, and numerous other aspects. Disturbance of the brain lateralization is involved in human neurodevelopmental disorders with cognitive impairments, social deficits, and/or specific language impairments. Asymmetric development may be essential to the evolution of the brain in acquiring higher and/or more diverse functions. The purpose of this Special Issue on “Brain Asymmetry in Evolution” is to highlight morphological and functional lateralization of the brain in various species of mammals toward understanding the evolution of the brain.
    Keywords: oxyhemoglobin level ; state anxiety ; task performance ; heart rate ; human ; asymmetry ; sex difference ; MRI ; volumetry ; cerebellum ; ferret ; lateralization ; side bias ; fish ; methodological artefacts ; symmetry ; non-human primate ; Old World monkey ; evolution ; evolutionary expansion ; gyrification ; structural asymmetry ; language laterality ; topological data analysis ; persistent homology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Predation and scavenging are pervasive ecological interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The ecology, evolution and conservation of predators and scavengers have received wide scientific attention and public awareness. However, the close connection that exists between predation and scavenging has not been emphasized until very recently. The recognition that carnivorous animals may obtain meat by either hunting prey or scavenging their carcasses has profound implications from individual behavior to population, community and ecosystem levels. However, many relevant questions still remain unexplored. This book deals with some of these questions, with the final aim to definitively dismiss the traditional view that predation and scavenging are disconnected ecological processes. This compendium of science may help to inspire ecologists, evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, forensic scientists, anatomists, and, of course, conservation biologists in their stimulating and promising endeavor of achieving a more comprehensive understanding of carnivory in a rapidly changing world.
    Keywords: caching ; Capreolus capreolus ; carrion ; Eurasian lynx ; Lynx lynx ; Norway ; predation ; roe deer ; scavenging ; decomposition ; nitrogen ; nutrient recycling ; trophic cascade ; apex predators ; bear ; interspecific interactions ; moose ; wolf ; birds of prey ; foraging ; predators ; scavengers ; vision ; carcass ; confrontational scavenging ; disease risk ; facultative scavenger ; landscape of peril ; marine ecosystems ; parasite risk ; predator risk ; terrestrial ecosystems ; anthropogenic food ; diet ; urban habitats ; ecological functions ; carnivorous ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue is designed to celebrate the founding of the open-access journal Oceans and is focused on presenting new ideas and advances at the cutting edge of ocean science. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to: ocean geosciences, physics, biogeochemistry, and ecology; ocean ecosystem services and sustainable ocean resource use; and ocean operations and engineering. The fifteen articles published in this Special Issue focus on diverse areas of oceanography, including ocean ecology and biology, ocean geosciences, ocean climate and meteorology, ocean circulation, ocean chemistry and biogeochemistry, ocean resources (e.g., fisheries, aquaculture, and mining), ocean engineering, ocean modeling and ocean governance.
    Keywords: SIDS ; UN Member States ; sustainable development goal 14 ; SAMOA pathway ; capacity building ; scientific infrastructure ; IAEA ; ocean challenges ; nuclear and isotopic techniques ; ecology ; oceanography ; Portugal ; abundance rate ; nursery ; common dolphin ; Delphinus delphis ; phytoplankton ; zooplankton ; time series ; regime shift ; climate ; nutrients ; composite ; delamination ; seawater ; immersion ; ageing ; Black Sea ; biogeochemical modelling ; seasonal phytoplankton and inter-annual variation ; capture–recapture ; Cayman Islands ; Seychelles ; monitoring ; endangered species ; maximum number of individuals ; photo-identification ; mark-recapture ; movement ecology ; phosphorus ; polyphosphates ; pyrophosphate ; pyrophosphatase activity ; seaweed ; Ulva ; ras al hadd oceanic dipole ; arabian sea ; cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies ; altimetric data ; angular momentum eddy detection and tracking algorithm (AMEDA) ; HYCOM model ; ARGO floats ; carbon cycle ; tropical Atlantic ; dissolved inorganic carbon ; alkalinity ; Demerara Rise ; millennial-scale variability ; Late Quaternary paleoclimate ; seafloor mapping ; vulnerable deep-sea habitats ; deep-sea corals ; chemosynthesis-based communities ; vulnerable marine ecosystem ; Atlantic Ocean ; seismic faults ; slope instabilities ; submarine volcanism ; fluid-flow processes ; bottom currents ; tsunamis ; canyon heads ; tectonic indentation ; multidisciplinary approach ; carbon ; eutrophic ; Hiroshima Bay ; nitrogen ; sulfur ; sediment ; ocean forecasting ; reflexivity ; fisheries ; harmful algal blooms ; coupled natural-human systems ; Anthropocene ocean ; shark ; luminescence ; Etmopteridae ; Dalatiidae ; Somniosidae ; photophore ; hormonal control ; counter-illumination ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections are a major and costly public health concern. Several pathogens are already pan-resistant, representing a major cause of mortality in patients suffering from nosocomial infections. Drug efflux pumps, which remove compounds from the bacterial cell, thereby lowering the antimicrobial concentration to sub-toxic levels, play a major role in multidrug resistance. In this Special Issue, we present up-to-date knowledge of the mechanism of RND efflux pumps, the identification and characterization of efflux pumps from emerging pathogens and their role in antimicrobial resistance, and progress made on the development of specific inhibitors. This collection of data could serve as a basis for antimicrobial drug discovery aimed at inhibiting drug efflux pumps to reverse resistance in some of the most resistant pathogens.
    Keywords: MdtF (YhiV) ; multidrug resistance ; RND-type efflux pump ; dye accumulation ; real-time efflux ; pathogens ; RND ; evolution ; efflux pump ; adaptation ; Aliarcobacter butzleri ; RND efflux pumps ; virulence ; resistance ; RND pump ; dominant negative effect ; assembly ; protein-protein interaction ; mutation ; drug resistance ; cystic fibrosis ; prevalence of efflux resistance mechanisms ; hospital acquired infections ; antibiotic resistance ; allostery ; antimicrobial resistance ; conformational changes ; energetic transition ; gram-negative bacteria ; pump activation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This Special Issue of Cancers focuses on new advances in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, both surgical and pharmacological (and combinations of these), and novel approaches to tackle treatment resistance and improve our understanding of this phenomenon.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; autophagy ; hydroxychloroquine ; chloroquine ; ROC-325 ; cysteine cathepsins ; cysteine cathepsin inhibitors ; lysosome ; renal cancer ; metastatic renal cell carcinoma ; immune-based combination therapies ; network meta-analysis ; PD-L1 ; predictive ; biomarker ; treatment ; TKIs ; mRCC ; biomarkers ; soluble factors ; immunotherapy ; renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ; sunitib resistance ; artesunate (ART) ; Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ; growth inhibition ; ferroptosis ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; clear cell renal cell carcinoma ; ccRCC ; RCC ; kidney cancer ; evolution ; evolutionary trajectory ; metastatic ; second line therapy ; renal cell cancer ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; individualization ; genomic signature ; transcriptomic analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on parrots, which are among the most fascinating, attractive, and threatened birds, combining and synthesizing recent research on the biology, ecology, and conservation of both native and non-native parrot populations across the world.
    Keywords: circovirus ; PBFD ; BFDV ; rose-ringed parakeet ; monk parakeet ; invasive species ; CRAVED ; conservation criminology ; defaunation ; harvesting ; wildlife trade ; parrot abundance ; pets ; poaching ; Savage selectivity index ; conservation management ; conservation threats ; drivers of extinction ; illegal wildlife trade ; parrot conservation ; Psittacidae conservation ; threatened species ; unsustainable use of wildlife ; eBird ; endangered species ; population survey ; roost counts ; Psittacidae ; reintroduction ; Allee effect ; population ; survival ; reproduction ; site fidelity ; flock cohesion ; Amazona lilacina ; mangrove ; dry forest ; local knowledge ; attitudes ; Lilacine Amazon ; red-fronted macaw ; Andes ; dynamic vegetation model ; biotic interactions ; climate change ; RCP2.6 ; RCP8.5 ; foster chicks ; chick starvation ; chick survival ; chick supplemental feeding ; avian brood manipulation ; wildlife management ; Scarlet Macaw ; Perú ; conservation actions ; literature review ; wildlife markets ; soft-release ; acclimatization ; monitoring ; Amazon ; dispersion ; algarrobo ; drylands ; High Monte ; parrots ; seed dispersal ; soft seed viability ; stomatochory ; conservation genetics ; genetic assignment tests ; probable geographic origin ; Military Macaw ; psittaciformes ; macaw ; conure ; parakeet ; reintroduction techniques ; hand-rearing ; pioneer flock ; training ; flocking ; predator evasion ; wild parrots ; Chlamydia psittaci ; Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1 ; avipoxvirus ; beak and feather disease virus ; cryptic species ; vocal variation ; parrot ; genetic differentiation ; open-ended learning ; Amazona farinosa ; bird abundance ; census ; bird density ; detectability ; distance sampling ; Psittaciformes ; genetic diversity ; demographic history ; population structure ; captive breeding ; blue-throated macaw ; thick-billed parrot ; naturalized parrots ; introduced species ; world parrot trade ; invasion biology ; Amazona ; species distribution models ; data integration models ; occupancy models ; citizen-science ; population size ; count data ; conservation ; ecology ; density ; endemism ; IUCN Red List ; CITES ; evolution ; genomics ; museomics ; Ara glaucogularis ; migration ; daily behavioral patterns ; Llanos de Moxos ; emerging infectious disease ; haplotypes ; viral diversification ; distribution ; environmental niche modelling ; research selection function ; psittacids ; state observation models ; captive populations ; glucocorticoids ; reproductive success ; seasonality ; Myiopsitta monachus ; home range ; sex ; age ; urbanization ; invasive alien species ; Circoviridae ; infectious disease ; surveillance ; viral infection ; vulnerable taxa ; wild populations ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as “no longer human” at all.
    Keywords: cyborgs ; implants ; posthumans ; Homo technologicus ; Homo sapiens ; human-machine interaction ; cyborg ; enhancement technology ; prosthesis ; brain–computer interface ; new senses ; identity ; neuroprosthesis ; patent law ; copyright law ; cognitive liberty ; international law ; evolution ; cultural technology ; human enhancement ; engineering ; bionics ; biotechnology ; disability ; marketing ; cultural studies ; Disney ; supercrip ; human enhancements ; autonomy ; informed consent ; moral enhancement ; vulnerability ; numeric identity ; military ethics ; human–machine interaction ; upgrading humans ; superhumans ; gene editing ; embryo selection ; CRISPR ; cognitive enhancement ; assisted reproductive technologies (ART) ; public opinion ; in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) ; genome-wide association studies (GWAS) ; brain–computer interface (BCI) ; brain–machine interface (BMI) ; ethical ; legal and social Issues (ELSI) ; neuroethics ; narrative review ; intellectual property ; copyright ; neuropolitics ; brain science ; voting ; human rights ; ethics ; discrimination ; racism ; speciesism ; ableism ; human–robot interaction ; mind ; sense of agency ; alienation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Extreme climatic events, such as intense and prolonged droughts and heat waves, are occurring with increasing frequency and with pronounced impacts on forests. Forest trees, as long-lived organisms, need to develop adaptation mechanisms to successfully respond to such climatic extremes. Whether physiological adaptations on the tree level result in ecophysiological responses that ensure plasticity of forest ecosystems to climate change is currently in the core forest research. Within this Special Issue, forest species’ responses to climatic variability were reported from diverse climatic zones and ecosystem types: from near-desert mountains in western USA to tropical forests in central America and Asia, and from Mediterranean ecosystems to temperate European forests. The clear effects of constraints related to climate change were evidenced on the tree level, such as in differentiated gene expression, metabolite abundance, sap flow rates, photosynthetic performance, seed germination, survival and growth, while on the ecosystem level, tree line shifts, temporal shifts in allocation of resources and species shifts were identified. Experimental schemes such as common gardens and provenance trails also provided long-term indications on the tolerance of forest species against drought and warming and serve to evaluate their performance under the predicted climate in near future. These findings enhance our knowledge on the potential resilience of forest species and ecosystems to climate change and provide an updated basis for continuing research on this topic.
    Keywords: Cedrela odorata ; seeds ; germination ; cardinal temperatures ; thermal time ; climate change ; dendrochronology ; ecology ; moving window analysis ; Pinaceae ; Pinus arizonica Engelm. ; Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera (Engelm.) ; Ponderosae ; response function ; tree rings ; global climate change ; forest ecology ; trees adaptation ; phenotypic plasticity ; Phoebe bournei ; nitrogen ; carbon dioxide ; photosynthesis ; leaf anatomy ; National Park ; tree line shift ; acclimation ; adaptation ; common garden ; drought ; ecodistance ; mortality ; stomatal frequency ; stomatal size ; sap flux ; radial profile ; sapwood depth ; Aleppo pine ; diurnal variation ; seasonal variation ; climate ; basal area increment ; forest dieback ; Mediterranean forest ; stem growth ; water availability ; Quercus ; morphology evaluation ; survival rate ; extreme frost ; heat and drought ; open-top chamber ; RNA sequencing ; gene expression analysis ; Populus ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Microorganisms is pleased to publish this book, which reprints papers that appeared in a Special Issue on “Phototrophic Bacteria”, with Guest Editors Robert Blankenship and Matthew Sattley. This Special Issue included research on all types of phototrophic bacteria, including both anoxygenic and oxygenic forms. Research on these bacterial organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of the basic principles that underlie the energy storage that takes place in all types of photosynthetic organisms, including both bacterial and eukaryotic forms. Topics of interest include: microbial physiology, microbial ecology, microbial genetics, evolutionary microbiology, systems microbiology, agricultural microbiology, microbial biotechnology, and environmental microbiology, as all are related to phototrophic bacteria.
    Keywords: aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria ; chlorophototroph ; thermophile ; hot spring ; bacteriochlorophyll ; Alphaproteobacteria ; cyanophage ; Nostoc sp. ; label-free quantitative proteomics ; photosynthesis ; substance metabolism ; energy metabolism ; purple sulfur bacteria ; genomic phylogeny ; Ectothiorhodospiraceae ; Halorhodospiraceae ; new family and genus ; scytonemin ; ultraviolet radiation ; high light ; cyanobacteria ; Acaryochloris ; chlorophyll ; genomics ; far-red photosynthesis ; plasmid ; horizontal gene transfer ; Rhodocyclus ; purpureus ; tenuis ; gracilis ; HiPIP ; cobalamin ; whole genome sequencing ; taxonomy ; chlorophyll d ; Moss Beach ; photosynthetic pigments ; absorbance spectra ; genome sequence ; Photosystem II ; oxygenic photosynthesis ; photosynthetic reaction center ; cryo-electron microscopy ; cyclic electron flow ; ferredoxin-NADP reductase ; NDH-1 ; proton motive force ; thylakoid ; anoxygenic phototrophs ; heliobacteria ; bacteriochlorophyll g ; Heliophilum fasciatum ; Heliobacteria ; promoters ; reporters ; gene expression ; phototrophic bacteria ; transcriptional regulation ; gene transfer ; persulfide ; redox signaling ; cyclic GMP ; PpsR ortholog ; AerR photoreceptor ; light regulation ; photosynthesis gene regulators ; two-component system ; RegA ; aerobic ; copper ion ; disulfide bond ; DNA binding ; gene regulation ; purple phototrophic bacteria ; extremophile ; Halorhodospira halochloris ; Halorhodospira abdelmalekii ; light-harvesting 1 reaction center ; bacteriochlorophyll b ; thermal stability ; salt- and pH-dependence ; near infrared ; stromatolite ; shark bay ; reduction-oxidation ; photosystem II ; phycobilisome ; RNase ; light-harvesting ; aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs ; AAP ; Rhodobacter ; purple nonsulfur bacteria ; Yellowstone ; xanthorhodopsin ; vitamin B12 ; frameshifting ; evolution ; chelatase ; chlIDH ; cobNST ; phototrophic extracellular electron uptake ; comparative genomics ; transcriptomics ; Rhodovulum sulfidophilum ; Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense ; ancestral sequence reconstruction ; chlorophyll f ; far-red light photoacclimation ; Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 ; Chloroflexus aurantiacus ; proteomic analysis ; respiration ; chlorosome ; alternative complex III ; phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses ; conserved signature indels (CSIs) ; molecular signatures ; class Chlorobia and the families Chlorobiaceae and Chloroherpetonaceae ; Ignavibacteria ; uncultured species/strains related to Chlorobia/Ignavibacteria ; FNR ; NDH ; photoheterotrophic growth ; comparative genome analysis ; cyanobacterial photoreceptors ; phycobiliproteins ; chromatic acclimation ; linker proteins ; phylogenetic comparison ; halophiles ; alkaliphiles ; nitrogen fixation ; diazotroph ; Rhodovulum tesquicola ; hydrogen ; electron transport ; photosystem I ; microbial ecology of lakes ; bacterial community ; Lake Winnipeg ; food web dynamics ; picoplankton ; bacterioplankton ; carotenoid ; Synechocystis ; zeta-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book deals with sustainable agriculture at a time of climate change. It seeks to identify a number of solutions to deal with the agricultural stresses caused by climate change. These range from the identification and cultivation of appropriate crop varieties and the adoption of climate adaptive agricultural practices. Significant sustainable agricultural innovation is required to deal with these challenges. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) may be of crucial importance for modern agriculture. They serve to make R&D in agriculture attractive, by encouraging investment in new technologies and generating tradeable assets. A number of the chapters of this book refer to the principal IPRs relevant to agricultural innovation, namely: (i) patents, which protect inventions; (ii) plant variety rights, which protect the breeding of new and distinct plant varieties; and (iii) trademarks and geographical indications, which facilitate the marketing of products by providing protection for the symbols of their manufacturing or geographic origin. The United Nations Climate Change Panel has urged the consideration of the agricultural practices of traditional communities and some of these practices particularly involving rice, banana, and brassica cultivation are explored in the book. This book is essential reading for officials of governments and international organizations concerned with sustainability, as well as scholars and students concerned with these subjects
    Keywords: alternative energy source ; Ethiopian mustard ; sustainability ; agricultural green development ; entropy weight method ; spatial heterogeneity ; spatial spillover effect ; China ; rice yields ; climate change ; phenology ; relative contribution ; partial correlation ; seed security ; banana tissue culture planting material ; uptake ; banana farmers ; central Uganda ; traditional rice economics ; institutional ; socio-demographic factors ; multinomial logit model ; constraints ; China-Africa cooperation ; agricultural program ; agricultural training ; technology adoption ; dams ; agriculture ; livelihoods ; health ; schistosomiasis ; restoration ; sustainable development ; climate adaptation ; rice–wheat cropping system ; South Asia ; water requirements ; nitrogen ; direct seeding ; agricultural science, technology and innovation ; Innovation efficiency ; DEA ; G20 ; productivity ; efficiency ; food security ; digital agriculture ; smart farming ; digitalization ; digital technologies ; Middle East and North Africa ; decision making ; instrumental variable ; neighbourhood effects ; rice farmers ; risk attitudes ; spatial dependence ; agricultural innovation ; sustainable agriculture ; plant breeding ; cereals ; intellectual property ; agricultural law ; plant variety rights ; seed marketing ; European Union ; fertilizer ; knowledge ; attitude ; ease of use ; motivation ; work performance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Carbon-based nanomaterials have been increasingly used in sensors and biosensors design due to their advantageous intrinsic properties, which include, but are not limited to, high electrical and thermal conductivity, chemical stability, optical properties, large specific surface, biocompatibility, and easy functionalization. The most commonly applied carbonaceous nanomaterials are carbon nanotubes (single- or multi-walled nanotubes) and graphene, but promising data have been also reported for (bio)sensors based on carbon quantum dots and nanocomposites, among others. The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials, independent of the detection scheme and developed platform type (optical, chemical, and biological, etc.), has a major beneficial effect on the (bio)sensor sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance. As a consequence, carbon-based nanomaterials have been promoting a revolution in the field of (bio)sensors with the development of increasingly sensitive devices. This Special Issue presents original research data and review articles that focus on (experimental or theoretical) advances, challenges, and outlooks concerning the preparation, characterization, and application of carbon-based nanomaterials for (bio)sensor development.
    Keywords: dopamine ; uric acid ; MnO2 nanoflowers ; N-doped reduced graphene oxide ; voltammetric sensor ; 3D printing ; biomimetic sensor ; flexible electronics ; graphene ; PDMS ; gauge factor ; carbon nanofibers ; nanoparticles ; electrospinning ; hybrid nanomaterials ; sensor ; carbon dots ; dipicolinic acid ; Tb3+ ; schizochytrium ; ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe ; carbon-based nanomaterials ; chemo- and biosensor ; food safety ; field effect transistor ; graphene nanoribbon ; propane ; butane ; gas sensor ; detector ; oxygen ; humidity ; water ; nitrogen ; carbon dioxide ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering ; ultrathin gold films ; spectroscopic ellipsometry ; percolation threshold ; nano carbon black ; polydimethylsiloxane ; pressure sensors ; wearable electronics ; hemoglobin determination ; luminescence ; room temperature phosphorescence ; portable instrumentation ; sensors and biosensors ; carbon nanomaterials ; environment ; aquatic fauna ; waters ; carbon nanotubes ; zirconia nanoparticles ; Prussian blue ; electrochemical sensors ; metal organic framework ; active carbon ; heavy metal ; low-cost adsorbents ; lead sensor ; Cortaderia selloana ; non-covalent ; biosensor ; real-time ; nanocomposite ; π-π stacking ; drop-cast ; carbon-surfaces ; resistor ; GFET ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Vegetables are an important part of the human diet due to their nutrient density and, at the same time, low calorie content. Producers of vegetable crops mainly aim at achieving high yields with good external quality. However, there is an increasing demand of consumers for vegetables that provide good sensory properties and are rich in secondary compounds that can be valuable for human health. Sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions, like high temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity or nutrient deficiency, may alter the composition of vegetable crops and at the same time, result in yield loss. Thus, producers need to adapt their horticultural practices such as through the choice of variety, irrigation regime, light management, fruit thinning, or fertilizer application to improve the yield and quality of the vegetable product. In the future, altered climate conditions such as elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, rising temperatures, or altered precipitation patterns may become additional challenges for producers of vegetable crops, especially those that cultivate in the open field. This raises the need for optimized horticultural practices in order to minimize abiotic stresses. As well, specific storage conditions can have large impacts on the quality of vegetables. This Special Issue compiles research that deals with the optimization of vegetable product quality (e.g. sensory aspects, composition) under sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions.
    Keywords: ascorbic acid ; biostimulants ; Allium cepa ; Phulkara ; Nasarpuri ; Lambada and Red Bone ; gibberex ; Momordica charantia L ; dismutase ; peroxidase ; catalase ; vegetative growth ; flesh firmness ; flowering ; harvest time ; lycopene ; rootstock-scion combination ; total soluble solids ; elevated CO₂ ; modified atmosphere package ; sensory and physiological-biochemical characteristics ; total phenol ; DPPH ; heirloom beans ; drought ; abiotic stress ; local farming ; nutraceutical properties ; zinc ; Solanum lycopersicum ; drought potassium ; vacuolar transporter ; tomato ; product quality ; nitrogen ; shelf life ; carotenoids ; antioxidants ; taste ; minerals ; fatty acids ; oxalate ; nitrate ; phytochemicals ; ammonium ; climate change ; food quality ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen source ; vegetable ; Ocimum basilicum ; salt ; NaCl ; yield ; quality ; polyphenols ; grafting ; water-use efficiency ; nutrient use efficiency ; vegetable production ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This Special Issue collects novel contributions from scientists in the interdisciplinary field of biomolecular evolution. Works listed here use information theoretical concepts as a core but are tightly integrated with the study of molecular processes. Applications include the analysis of phylogenetic signals to elucidate biomolecular structure and function, the study and quantification of structural dynamics and allostery, as well as models of molecular interaction specificity inspired by evolutionary cues.
    Keywords: power law ; Brownian process ; Kolmogorov complexity ; entropy ; chaos ; monofractal ; non-linear ; cumulative sum ; sequence analysis ; protein engineering ; direct coupling analysis ; evolutionary coupling analysis ; contact prediction ; phylogenetic bias ; phylogeny ; co-evolution ; coevolutionary analysis ; direct-coupling analysis ; specificity determining contacts ; sequence reweighting ; maximum entropy models ; protein contact predictions ; TEM-1 ; TOHO-1 ; PBP-A ; DD-transpeptidase ; conformational changes ; catalytic mechanism ; evolution ; epistasis ; allostery ; elastic network model ; protein conformational dynamics ; statistical inference ; mutational phenotypes ; interaction specificity ; phosphorylation ; fitness landscape ; bacterial signaling ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book aims to summarize the latest achievements in the development and manufacturing of modern biomaterials used in modern medicine and dentistry, for example, in cases where, as a result of a traffic or sports accident, aging, resection of organs after oncological surgery, or dangerous inflammation, there is a need to replace lost organs, tissues, and parts of the human body. The essence of biomedical materials is their constant contact with living tissues, organisms, or microorganisms and, therefore, they should meet numerous requirements from various fields, including medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering, and materials science. For this reason, biomaterials must be compatible with the organism, and biocompatibility issues must be addressed before using the product in a clinical setting. The production and synthesis of biomaterials require the use of various technologies and methods to obtain the appropriate material, which is then processed using advanced material processing technologies. Often, however, it is necessary to directly manufacture a specific product with individualized geometric features and properties tailored to the requirements of a particular patient. In such cases, additive manufacturing methods are increasingly used. In this sense, it can be considered that the Biomaterials 4.0 stage has been reached, and detailed information is included in the individual chapters of this book on the achievements in the development and manufacturing of modern biomaterials used in modern regenerative medicine, regenerative dentistry, and tissue engineering.
    Keywords: sol-gel phase transitions ; injectable scaffolds ; chitosan ; calcium β-glycerophosphate ; rheology ; bone tissue engineering ; diblock copolymers ; drug delivery systems ; nanoparticles ; nanoprecipitation ; self-assembly ; implant ; stainless steel ; nickel ; leaching ; nitrogen ; cytotoxicity ; nanodendrites ; nanostar ; fibroblast cells ; gelatin ; one-pot synthesis ; hollow mesoporous silica ; porous silica ; high drug loading capacity ; drug delivery system ; fretting ; fretting wear ; Ni-Cr-Mo ; dental alloys ; titaniumcarbonitride ; Ti(C, N) coating ; thin films ; zirconium carbide ; antimicrobial properties ; medical implants ; 316L stainless steel ; sintering ; surface nitriding ; nitrogen absorption ; response surface methodology ; sodium alginate ; hydrogel material ; regenerative medicine ; urethra ; hybrid materials ; hydroxyapatite ; FEA ; V-shaped tooth defects ; fillings ; glass-ionomer cement ; flowable composite ; stomatognathic system ; prosthetic restorations ; surgical guide ; dental prosthesis restoration manufacturing center ; CBCT tomography ; dental implants ; implant-scaffolds ; hybrid multilayer biological-engineering composites biomaterials ; CAD/CAM methods ; additive manufacturing technologies ; selective laser sintering ; stereolithography ; Dentistry 4.0 ; Industry 4.0 ; robocasting ; bioactive glass ; scaffold ; sol–gel ; 45S5 Bioglass® ; biomaterials ; biomedical implants ; additive manufacturing ; dental prosthetic restorations ; Ti6Al4V dental alloy ; structural X-ray analysis ; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope ; metallography ; tensile and bending strength ; corrosion resistance ; tribological tests ; in-vitro tests ; industry 4.0 ; dentistry 4.0 ; SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ; SPEC strategy ; elimination clinical aerosol at the source ; dendrological matrix ; photopolymer materials ; additive digital light printing ; dentistry sustainable development ; dental prophylaxis ; dental interventionistic treatment ; caries ; periodontology ; toothlessness ; endodontics ; dental implantology ; dental prosthetics ; dentist safety ; dentist ethics ; Co–Cr dental alloys ; corrosion ; porcelain firing ; SLM ; MSM ; CST ; light-cured composites ; photopolymerization process ; microhardness ; optimization ; regression analysis ; health ; well-being ; long and healthy life policy ; medicine ; dentistry ; medical ethics ; COVID-19 pandemic ; bioengineering ; medical engineering ; dental engineering ; biomedical materials ; Bioengineering 4.0 ; engineers’ ethics ; filling materials ; sealants ; obturation ; gutta-percha ; Resilon ; procedural benchmarking ; comparative matrices ; virtual approach ; digital twin ; scanning electron microscopy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The current Special Issue is a synthetic overview of 21 published articles. The contact point of architecture–art–engineering is multidimensional, and therefore, this synthesis of works takes into account three criteria: (a) research subject indication, (b) research problem identification, and (c) sublimation of the research techniques and instrumentality used. Research problems, scientific values, and utility values have been highlighted. This synthetic tripartite is intended to make it easier for the reader to find an interesting subject and instrumentality. As the topics of the articles overlap, guided by the dominant values of each article, five subject groups have been sublimated. These are: structural aspects and design, digitization, architectural heritage, aesthetics and emotions vs. engineering, and interior architecture. The characteristic values of each subject group are presented. The indicated new design and research tools do not separate but combine the subject industries; they connect the entities of the investment process.
    Keywords: cable-driven parallel robot ; construction robot ; cost–benefit analysis ; curtain wall modules ; economic evaluation ; facade installation ; contemporary architecture in historical context ; archetype ; bourgeois tenement house ; cultural heritage ; symbolic building ; corten plates ; tilted walls ; winter garden ; room acoustics ; reverberation time ; flutter echo ; art ; construction engineering ; cubature architecture ; design method ; design paradigms ; brutalist architecture ; odeons ; buildings ; membranes ; canopies ; sustainable environment ; open culture ; spaces ; evolution ; adaptation ; acoustics ; architecture ; interior design ; advanced building techniques ; interior components ; aesthetic functionalism ; sensorial experiences ; decline of architects ; future of designing ; computers control ; algorithms ; artificial intelligence ; digital simulation ; buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort ; urban neighborhoods ; UTCI ; conoid ; ellipse ; calculus of surface areas ; number psi ; number Pi ; parametric design ; modern architecture in East Asia ; architectural design ; László Hudec ; Antonin Raymond ; innovative architectural projects ; space syntax ; Asian traditions ; computational design ; corridors ; energy performance ; environmental behavior ; grasshopper ; Islamic pattern ; University of Sharjah ; visual comfort ; composition ; aesthetics ; multi-family housing ; Poland ; preferences ; color scheme ; elderly with depression ; color preference ; residential space ; interior experience ; multi-sensory experience ; movement ; sensory body ; emotion ; materiality ; creative thinking ; design studio ; design education ; design research ; bibliometric ; temporary installation ; architecture and structure ; structural design ; graphic statics ; lightweight structure ; global warming ; carbon neutrality ; energy use ; sustainable development ; Solar Decathlon China ; historic buildings ; public art ; sustainability value ; case studies and projects ; apparent destruction ; entropy ; technical durability ; aesthetical longevity ; glass ; glass structures ; structural glass ; glass pavilions ; glass extensions ; glass links ; informal learning space (ILS) ; visual perception analysis ; wearable eye tracker ; optimal design and verification ; building engineering ; research methods ; synthesis ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Soil contamination has been identified as one of the main threats to soil, inducing the degradation of global soils and driving long-term losses of the ecosystem services that they provide. As a result of human activities, the amount of soil contamination caused by heavy metal(loid)s has severely increased over the last few decades and has become a worldwide environmental issue that has attracted considerable public attention. Although many research efforts have highlighted how soil contamination is a global threat and provided an overview of the importance of healthy soil, there is still a great need for additional information from different regions around the world, and concrete strategies, which can be implemented to address the causes and impacts of this major threat, urgently need to be developed. In this context, this book was launched with the scope of bringing together articles presenting the development of novel science-based methods and applications that enhance the remediation of contaminated soil by focusing on the identification of the main sources of soil contamination caused by heavy metal(loid)s (HM)/potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in different soil types; the chemistry, potential mobility, and bioavailability of the contaminants that are commonly found in contaminated soils; the assessment of the negative impacts and risks associated with HM/PTE-induced soil contamination on crop yields; soil biota, food security, and human health; and the available methods and strategies for monitoring, assessing, and remediating soils that have been contaminated by HM/PTEs.
    Keywords: PTE ; anthropogenic soils ; Technosols ; trace elements ; heavy metals ; urban agriculture ; heavy metal availability ; enrichment factor ; redox ; biochar ; cadmium ; lead ; contaminated paddy soil ; short- and long-term mechanisms ; ACC deaminase ; heavy metal stress ; PGPR ; fertilizers ; nutrients ; yield ; selenium ; acid soils ; alkaline soils ; adsorption ; desorption ; Freundlich ; Langmuir ; Mediterranean soils ; vehicular emissions ; road age ; diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) ; metal dissociation time (Tc) ; wheat assay ; optimised linear model ; biochar application rates ; metal accumulation ; nitrogen ; ryegrass ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Different types of pressures, such as nutrients, micropollutants, microbes, nanoparticles, microplastics, or antibiotic-resistant genes, endanger the quality of water bodies. Evidence-based pollution control needs to be built on the three basic elements of water governance: Monitoring, modeling, and management. Monitoring sets the empirical basis by providing space- and time-dependent information on substance concentrations and loads, as well as driving boundary conditions for assessing water quality trends, water quality statuses, and providing necessary information for the calibration and validation of models. Modeling needs proper system understanding and helps to derive information for times and locations where no monitoring is done or possible. Possible applications are risk assessments for exceedance of quality standards, assessment of regionalized relevance of sources and pathways of pollution, effectiveness of measures, bundles of measures or policies, and assessment of future developments as scenarios or forecasts. Management relies on this information and translates it in a socioeconomic context into specific plans for implementation. Evaluation of success of management plans again includes well-defined monitoring strategies. This book provides an important overview in this context.
    Keywords: diffuse pollution ; field mapping ; storm drains ; Bayesian statistics ; distributed modelling ; PhosFate ; water quality ; analysis method ; chromaticity measurement ; surface fitting ; concentration of dissolved matter ; Copernicus Programme ; ACOLITE ; flooding ; quasi-real time monitoring ; inundation mapping ; suspended matter ; Spain ; cyanobacteria ; Microcystis aeruginosa ; water ; monitoring ; spectrophotometry ; derivative absorbance ; model evaluation ; nitrogen ; nutrient retention ; phosphorus ; sediment ; constructed wetland ; water resources management ; eutrophication ; unmanned surface vehicle ; water monitoring ; ensemble learning ; dynamic power management ; observational process ontology ; water quality monitoring ; water pollution alert ; semantic discovery ; water quality status ; sources and pathways ; land cover ; digital elevation model ; urban river ; ArcGIS ; modeling ; CSO ; urban drainage ; sewer system ; trace pollutants ; urban runoff ; concentration duration frequency curve ; MONERIS ; diffuse nutrient emission ; empirical modeling ; river basin management plan of Hungary ; effectiveness of measures ; scenarios and forecasts ; socioeconomic context ; sources and pathways of water pollution ; system understanding ; water governance ; water quality statuses and trends ; water pollution control ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Our knowledge of human evolution has made particular progress recently, due to the discovery of new fossils, the use of new methods and multidisciplinary approaches. Moreover, studies on the departure from symmetry, including variations in fluctuating or directional asymmetries, have contributed to the expansion of this knowledge. This Special Issue brings together articles that deal with symmetry and human evolution. The notion of symmetry is addressed, including whether to reconstruct deformed fossil specimens, study biological variations within hominins or compare them with extant primates, address the shape of the brain or seek possible relationships between biological and behavioural data.
    Keywords: cerebellar lobe ; Homo ; asymmetry ; evolutionary changes ; cognitive increase ; power grip strength ; directional asymmetry ; hand dominance ; hand shape ; manual activities ; human evolution ; functional morphology ; digital reconstruction ; Homo heidelbergensis ; Homo neanderthalensis ; Homo sapiens ; Middle Pleistocene humans ; virtual anthropology ; Europe ; show.asymmetry ; fossil ; geometric morphometrics ; Arothron ; biological anthropology ; biomechanics ; cortical thickness ; lateralization ; modern humans ; NMDID ; upper limb ; contralateral asymmetry ; limb bone ; biomechanical analysis ; rigidity ; chimpanzee ; occipital ; hominin ; brain-endocast correspondence ; paleontology ; interdisciplinarity ; artificial intelligence ; handedness ; grasping ; gesture ; brain asymmetry ; vertebrates ; invertebrates ; primates ; ontogeny ; evolution ; cerebrum ; cerebellum ; petalia ; shape asymmetry ; diffeomorphic surface matching ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Orchids are fascinating, with attractive flowers that sell in the markets and an increasing demand around the world. Additionally, some orchids are edible or scented and have long been used in preparations of traditional medicine.This book presents recent advances in orchid biochemistry, including original research articles and reviews. It provides in-depth insights into the biology of flower pigments, floral scent formation, bioactive compounds, pollination, and plant–microbial interaction as well as the biotechnology of protocorm-like bodies in orchids. It reveals the secret of orchid biology using molecular tools, advanced biotechnology, multi-omics, and high-throughput technologies and offers a critical reference for the readers.This book explores the knowledge about species evolution using comparative transcriptomics, flower spot patterning, involving the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways, the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, which contributes to leaf color formation, gene regulation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds, the mechanism of pollination, involving the biosynthesis of semiochemicals, gene expression patterns of volatile organic compounds, the symbiotic relationship between orchids and mycorrhizal fungi, techniques using induction, proliferation, and regeneration of protocorm-like bodies, and so on. In this book, important or model orchid species were studied, including Anoectochilus roxburghii, Bletilla striata, Cymbidium sinense, Dendrobium officinale, Ophrys insectifera, Phalaenopsis ‘Panda’, Pleione limprichtii.
    Keywords: Phalaenopsis ; transcriptome ; microRNA ; anthocyanin biosynthesis ; molecular mechanism ; coelonin ; Bletilla striata ; anti-inflammation ; signal pathway ; cell-cycle arrest ; PTEN ; Dendrobium officinale ; PLP_deC ; bioinformatics ; expression pattern analysis ; evolution ; Pleione limprichtii ; flower color polymorphism ; variation within populations ; metabolome analysis ; anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway ; RNA sequencing ; transcription factor ; Dendrobium ; molecular identification ; endophytic fungi ; pathogenicity ; protocorm ; seedling ; Anoectochilus roxburghii ; Ceratobasidium sp. ; metabolome and transcriptome analyses ; flavonoid ; HPLC-MS/MS ; qRT-PCR ; Ophrys ; sexual deception ; semiochemicals ; fly orchid ; pollination ; comparative transcriptome ; active ingredients ; different tissues ; biotechnology ; breeding ; mass propagation ; Orchidaceae ; protocorm-like bodies ; somaclonal variation ; somatic embryogenesis ; Cymbidium ; floral scents ; volatile organic compounds ; metabolomic analysis ; differential metabolites ; enzyme activity ; gene expression ; leaf color ; Cymbidium sinense ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Alcohol is often perceived as an under-rated risk factor for human health. This book corrects these misperceptions and misinformation by providing up to date reviews and publications that consider the impact of alcoholic beverages on human health in the domains of toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, foetal toxicity, neurotoxicity, impacts of alcohol on the gastro-intestinal system (including nutrient deficiencies), cardiovascular system, injuries, body weight and communicable diseases. The reprint considers how the impact of alcohol on human health can be mitigated – through, for example, improved labelling on nutrients and health warnings, better policy measures, and actions by alcohol producers on their products through reformulation to lower alcoholic strength.
    Keywords: alcoholism ; evolution ; fermentation ; frugivory ; Homo ; primate ; yeast ; alcohol ; patterns of drinking ; disease ; mortality ; dose response ; monotonous ; protective effects ; curvilinear ; alcohol control policy ; injury ; review ; risk ; morbidity ; policy ; intervention ; public health ; alcohol industry ; Canada ; body weight ; obesity ; eating dietary intake ; drinking pattern ; labelling ; health warning labels ; effectiveness ; implementation ; burden of disease ; death ; disability ; infectious diseases ; non-communicable diseases ; injuries ; global ; no-alcohol products ; low-alcohol products ; production ; consumption ; health impact ; gut ; liver ; cirrhosis ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; microbiome ; acetaldehyde ; oxidative stress ; inflammation ; one carbon metabolism ; lipid metabolism ; DNA damage ; cancer ; carcinogenesis ; communicable diseases ; HIV ; tuberculosis ; pneumonia ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; alcohol drinking ; binge drinking ; cardiovascular diseases ; ischaemic heart disease ; hypertension ; stroke ; fetal ; fetal alcohol spectrum disorder ; pregnancy ; risk assessment ; hepatotoxicity ; dose–response relationship ; margin of exposure ; epidemiological methods ; brain ; addiction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on the fundamental and applied research of the non-destructive estimation and diagnosis of crop leaf and plant nitrogen status and in-season nitrogen management strategies based on leaf sensors, proximal canopy sensors, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, manned aerial remote sensing and satellite remote sensing technologies. Statistical and machine learning methods are used to predict plant-nitrogen-related parameters with sensor data or sensor data together with soil, landscape, weather and/or management information. Different sensing technologies or different modelling approaches are compared and evaluated. Strategies are developed to use crop sensing data for in-season nitrogen recommendations to improve nitrogen use efficiency and protect the environment.
    Keywords: UAS ; multiple sensors ; vegetation index ; leaf nitrogen accumulation ; plant nitrogen accumulation ; pasture quality ; airborne hyperspectral imaging ; random forest regression ; sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) ; SIF yield indices ; upward ; downward ; leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) ; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ; laser-induced fluorescence ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; back-propagation neural network ; principal component analysis ; fluorescence characteristics ; canopy nitrogen density ; radiative transfer model ; hyperspectral ; winter wheat ; flooded rice ; pig slurry ; aerial remote sensing ; vegetation indices ; N recommendation approach ; Mediterranean conditions ; nitrogen ; vertical distribution ; plant geometry ; remote sensing ; maize ; UAV ; multispectral imagery ; LNC ; non-parametric regression ; red-edge ; NDRE ; dynamic change model ; sigmoid curve ; grain yield prediction ; leaf chlorophyll content ; red-edge reflectance ; spectral index ; precision N fertilization ; chlorophyll meter ; NDVI ; NNI ; canopy reflectance sensing ; N mineralization ; farmyard manures ; Triticum aestivum ; discrete wavelet transform ; partial least squares ; hyper-spectra ; rice ; nitrogen management ; reflectance index ; multiple variable linear regression ; Lasso model ; Multiplex®3 sensor ; nitrogen balance index ; nitrogen nutrition index ; nitrogen status diagnosis ; precision nitrogen management ; terrestrial laser scanning ; spectrometer ; plant height ; biomass ; nitrogen concentration ; precision agriculture ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; digital camera ; leaf chlorophyll concentration ; portable chlorophyll meter ; crop ; PROSPECT-D ; sensitivity analysis ; UAV multispectral imagery ; spectral vegetation indices ; machine learning ; plant nutrition ; canopy spectrum ; non-destructive nitrogen status diagnosis ; drone ; multispectral camera ; SPAD ; smartphone photography ; fixed-wing UAV remote sensing ; random forest ; canopy reflectance ; crop N status ; Capsicum annuum ; proximal optical sensors ; Dualex sensor ; leaf position ; proximal sensing ; cross-validation ; feature selection ; hyperparameter tuning ; image processing ; image segmentation ; nitrogen fertilizer recommendation ; supervised regression ; RapidSCAN sensor ; nitrogen recommendation algorithm ; in-season nitrogen management ; nitrogen use efficiency ; yield potential ; yield responsiveness ; standard normal variate (SNV) ; continuous wavelet transform (CWT) ; wavelet features optimization ; competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) ; partial least square (PLS) ; grapevine ; hyperparameter optimization ; multispectral imaging ; precision viticulture ; RGB ; multispectral ; coverage adjusted spectral index ; vegetation coverage ; random frog algorithm ; active canopy sensing ; integrated sensing system ; discrete NIR spectral band data ; soil total nitrogen concentration ; moisture absorption correction index ; particle size correction index ; coupled elimination ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Agricultural diversification can occur in many forms (e.g., genetic variety, species, structural) and can be created temporally and over different spatially scales (e.g., within crop, within field, and landscape level). Crop diversification is the practice of growing more than one crop species within a farming area in the form of rotations (two or more crops on the same field in different years), multiple crops (more than one crop in the same season on the same field) or intercropping (at least two crops simultaneously on the same field).Various cropping strategies and management practices, such as diversification of cropping systems by crop rotation, conservation tillage, and the use of cover crops, have been promoted to enhance crop productivity and ecosystem services. However, the opportunities and means differ among regions and the actual effects of diversification on cropping system sustainability still need more investigation.This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art and recent progress in different aspects related to agricultural diversification to increase the sustainability and resilience of a wide range of cropping systems (grassland, horticultural crops, fruit trees) and in a scenario of environmental challenges due to climate change: Crop production and quality; Impact of crop diversification on soil quality and biodiversity; Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification.
    Keywords: blue prawn ; black tiger shrimp ; economic efficiency ; farming systems ; salinity intrusion ; soil salinity ; white-legged shrimp ; big blue stem ; Cave in rock ; claypan ; forbs ; legumes ; intercropping ; cropping systems ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; millet and sorghum ; diversification ; monocultivar ; mixed-species plantation ; biodiversity ; arthropod ; soil ; on-farm biodiversity indicators ; lupin ; triticale ; weeds ; nitrogen ; convolutional neural network ; light competition ; transfer learning ; growth stages ; mixed cropping ; accumulate growing degree days ; phyllochron ; grass regrowth ; leaf sheaths ; blades ; agricultural sustainability ; crop rotation ; rice ; eco-economic benefit ; externality ; perennial cropping systems ; grape production ; medicinal and aromatic plants ; grapevine yield ; must quality ; experimental design ; aboveground mass ; black medick ; Egyptian clover ; grain yield ; nutrients ; white clover ; foodshed ; archipelago ; city region ; food modelling ; food self-sufficiency ; self-reliance ; food security ; agricultural diversification ; food planning ; regional food system ; crop diversification ; small farms ; HHI-Index ; Poland ; biochar ; sunflower husk ; soil respiration ; soybean ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Germanium (Ge) chalcogenides are characterized by unique properties that make these materials interesting for a very wide range of applications from phase change memories to ovonic threshold switches and from photonics to thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices. In many cases, their physical properties can be finely tuned by doping or by changing the amount of Ge, which may therefore play a key role in determining the applications, performance, and even the reliability of these devices. In this book, we include 11 articles, mainly focusing on applications of Ge chalcogenides for non-volatile memories. Most of the papers have been produced with funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under grant agreement n. 824957. In the Special Issue “BeforeHand: Boosting Performance of Phase Change Devices by Hetero- and Nanostructure Material Design”, two contributions are related to the prototypical Ge2Sb2Te5 compound, which is the most studied composition, already integrated in many devices such as optical and electronic memories. Five articles focus on Ge-rich GeSbTe alloys, exploring the electrical and the structural properties, as well as the decomposition paths. Other contributions are focused on the effect of the interfaces and on nanowires.
    Keywords: PCM ; Ge2Sb2Te5 ; sputtering ; flexible substrates ; crystallization ; electrical properties ; phase change materials ; nitrogen ; strain ; kinetics ; amorphous phase ; germanium telluride ; indium alloying ; optical contrast ; Ge-rich alloys ; crystallization temperature ; segregation ; Ge-rich GST alloys ; Raman ; electronic properties ; Ge-rich GST ; pulsed laser deposition ; phase separation ; GGST ; EDX elemental chemical mapping ; embedded memory ; density functional theory ; MOCVD ; VLS ; phase-change memory ; nanowires ; core-shell ; Ge–Sb–Te ; Ge–Sb–Te/Sb2Te3 ; embedded electronic memories ; Density Functional Theory ; high-throughput calculations ;   ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Understanding of the origin of species and their adaptability to new environments is one of the main questions in biology. This is fueled by the ongoing debate on species concepts and facilitated by the availability of an unprecedented large number of genomic resources. Genomes are organized into chromosomes, where significant variations in number and morphology are observed among species due to large-scale structural variants such as inversions, translocations, fusions, and fissions. This genomic reshuffling provides, in the long term, new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can act upon, contributing to the origin of biodiversity. This book contains mainly articles, reviews, and an opinion piece that explore numerous aspects of genome plasticity among taxa that will help in understanding the dynamics of genome composition, the evolutionary relationships between species and, in the long run, speciation.
    Keywords: cytogenetics ; sex chromosomes ; chromosome rearrangements ; genome plasticity ; centromere ; genome biology ; evolution ; BAC-clones ; chromosome painting ; Kirk’s Dikdik ; musk ox ; saola ; nilgai bull ; gaur ; satellite DNA ; genome architecture ; chromosome restructuring ; Robertsonian translocations ; satellite DNA transcription ; comparative genomic hybridization ; karyotype variability ; repetitive DNAs ; Robertsonian translocation ; Crocidura suaveolens ; shrews ; habitat specialist ; chromosomes ; chromosomal evolution ; B-chromosomes ; chromosomal polymorphism ; mtDNA ; Rallidae ; Psophiidae ; cytogenetic ; chromosome evolution ; phylogenetic ; Anopheles ; heterochromatin ; mosquito ; mitotic chromosome ; sex chromosome ; X chromosome ; aberrant sex determination ; comparative cytogenetics ; mandarin vole ; microdissection ; high-throughput sequencing ; rearrangements ; rodents ; Ellobius alaicus ; translocation ; non-homologous chromosome connections ; meiosis ; synaptonemal complex ; sex chromosome evolution ; karyotypic and molecular evolution ; genomic architecture of sexual development ; adaptation and natural selection ; genome organization and function ; nucleolar organizing region ; dosage compensation ; faster-X and faster-Z ; climate change and global warming ; reptilian vertebrates ; comparative fish cytogenetics ; cytotaxonomy ; chromosome banding ; East Asian cypriniform fishes ; FISH ; rDNA ; snDNA ; birds ; doves and pigeons ; genome organization ; macrochromosomes ; microchromosomes ; Robertsonian fusions ; distribution ; clinal analysis ; recombination ; sexual antagonism ; chromatin state ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book includes a collection of eight original research articles and three reviews covering a wide range of topics in the field of kinetoplastids. In addition, readers can find a compendium of molecular biology procedures and bioinformatics tools.
    Keywords: trypanosomatids ; yeasts ; trypanosomatids genome ; cell cycle phases ; S-phase duration ; DNA replication ; replication origins ; neglected tropical diseases ; Leishmania ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; Trypanosoma brucei ; drug discovery ; in vitro models ; in vivo models ; genomics ; drug resistance ; Leishmania infantum ; proteome ; post-translational modifications (PTMs) ; proteogenomics ; mass spectrometry ; Retrotransposon Hot Spot (RHS) multigene family ; chromosome distribution ; recombination ; gene mosaic structure ; evolution ; nuclear protein ; Leishmania braziliensis ; reverse genetics ; CRISPR–Cas9 ; gene targeting ; phenotyping ; heat shock proteins ; Trypanosoma cruzi strain ; sequencing methods ; genome plasticity ; gene expression ; trans-sialidases ; mucins ; SENP ; Ulp2 ; SUMO ; CRISPR ; protease ; genome ; repeats ; 3′UTR ; multigenic family ; Leishmania donovani ; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ; transcriptome ; artemisinin drug resistance ; Leishmania viruses ; phylogeny ; coevolution ; endosymbiont protozoan viruses ; transcriptome assembly ; transcriptional regulation ; ontology network ; co-expression network ; taxonomic analysis ; database contamination ; kleptoplastidy ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: In the last century, innovations in agricultural technologies centered on maximizing food production to feed the growing population have contributed to significant changes in agroecosystem processes, including carbon, nutrients, and water cycling. There are growing concerns regarding soil fertility depletion, soil carbon loss, greenhouse gas emissions, irrigational water scarcity, and water pollution, affecting soil health, agricultural productivity, systems sustainability, and environmental quality. Soils provide the foundation for food production, soil water and nutrient cycling, and soil biological activities. Therefore, an improved understanding of biochemical pathways of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling, microbial community involved in regulating soil health, and soil processes associated with water flow and retention in soil profile helps design better agricultural systems and ultimately support plant growth and productivity. This book, Agroecological Approaches in Soil and Water Management, presents a collection of original research and review papers studying physical, chemical, and biological processes in soils and discusses multiple ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, nutrients and water cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, and agro-environmental sustainability. We covered tillage, nutrients, irrigation, amendments, crop rotations, crop residue management practices for improving soil health, soil C and nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, soil water dynamics, and hydrological processes.
    Keywords: land use change ; tillage ; fertilization ; N2O fluxes ; subtropical region ; paddy field ; soil organic carbon ; denitrification decomposition (DNDC) ; climate change ; biochar ; food security ; socio-economics benefits ; sustainable agriculture ; sustainable environment ; evaluation of soil and water conservation ; simulated rainfall events ; soil denudation ; water and sediment process ; nitrogen ; nitrate leaching ; nitrous oxide ; soil resilience ; soil microbiome ; regenerative agriculture ; ecological ditch ; agroforestry ; conservation agriculture ; Europe ; North Africa ; nutrient retention ; organic agriculture ; soil conservation ; water conservation ; sodium adsorption ratio ; relative feed value, forage nutritive value ; oat ; alfalfa ; forage crops ; alternative water source ; agriculture landscape ; chlorophyll content of citrus ; landscape position ; soil properties ; terraces ; soil health indicators ; grazing systems ; permanganate oxidizable carbon ; soil microbial biomass ; carbon ; isotopic signature ; Mustang ; natural abundance ; nutrient sourcing ; maize equivalent yield ; nutrient loss ; runoff ; soil loss ; slope ; strip-intercropping ; water use efficiency ; structure optimization ; carbon footprint ; multi-objective linear programming ; circular agriculture ; hydrogel ; soil quality ; chemico-physical properties ; sustainability ; macronutrient ; nutrient deficiency ; nutrient uptake ; site-specific nutrient management ; soil organic matter ; soil biodiversity ; bacteria ; fungi ; microarthropods ; diatoms ; metataxonomic assays ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on catalytic hydrogen generation from formic acid, ammonia borane, and ethanol as well as on the production of fuels from tar using formic acid as a hydrogen source. The list of discussed catalysts includes single-atom catalysts, metallic/bimetallic catalysts, and supported metal complexes. These catalysts were thoroughly characterized using different methods. Optimized catalyst compositions are proposed.
    Keywords: hydrocracking ; tar ; formic acid ; nickel ; zeolite ; hydrogen donor ; catalyst ; formic acid decomposition ; hydrogen ; biomass ; metal complex ; heterogeneous catalyst ; ruthenium ; iridium ; iron ; palladium ; nitrogen ; carbon nanotubes ; ammonia borane ; hydrogen production ; hydrogen carrier ; hydrogen storage ; Ru nanoparticles ; renewable hydrogen ; biofuel ; reforming of bioethanol ; bimetallic catalyst ; modifier ; catalysts ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Environmental conditions and nutritional stress may greatly affect crop performance. Abiotic stresses such as temperature (cold, heat), water (drought, flooding), irradiance, salinity, nutrients, and heavy metals can strongly affect plant growth dynamics and the yield and quality of horticultural products. Such effects have become of greater importance during the course of global climate change. Different strategies and techniques can be used to detect, investigate, and mitigate the effects of environmental and nutritional stress. Horticultural crop management is moving towards digitized, precision management through wireless remote-control solutions, but data analysis, although a traditional approach, remains the basis of stress detection and crop management. This Special Issue summarizes the recent progress in agronomic management strategies to detect and reduce environmental and nutritional stress effects on the yield and quality of horticultural crops.
    Keywords: Capsicum annuum ; heat units ; plant population density ; hail damage ; baby corn ; non-leguminous cover crops ; chopping ; baby corn yield ; baby corn quality ; kharif season ; Thuja standishii × plicata ; container production ; nursery production ; volumetric water content ; vegetables ; water deficit ; climate change ; polyols ; minerals ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; salinity ; evapotranspiration ; leaching fraction ; calcium ; cactus pear ; GA3 ; injection application ; spraying application ; lignification ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll ; proline ; ion leakage ; susceptibility ; electrical conductivity ; greenhouse ; image processing ; nutrient stress ; remote sensing ; Bradyrhizobium ; temperature-dependent distribution ; nodule composition ; proliferation in soil ; infection ; French bean ; mangetout ; peas ; antioxidant ; ascorbic acid ; total phenolic content ; mineral composition ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Bradyrhizobium elkanii ; temperature effects ; growth ; competitive infection ; biochemical constituents ; β-carotene ; vitamins ; micro-nutrients ; growing environments ; Brix ; TAcy ; nitrogen ; potassium ; compositional data ; cranberry yield parameters ; firmness ; local diagnosis ; redundancy analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: What is life? How, where, and when did life arise? These questions have remained most fascinating over the last hundred years. Systems chemistry is the way to go to better understand this problem and to try and answer the unsolved question regarding the origin of Life. Self-organization, thanks to the role of lipid boundaries, made possible the rise of protocells. The role of these boundaries is to separate and co-locate micro-environments, and make them spatially distinct; to protect and keep them at defined concentrations; and to enable a multitude of often competing and interfering biochemical reactions to occur simultaneously. The aim of this Special Issue is to summarize the latest discoveries in the field of the prebiotic chemistry of biomolecules, self-organization, protocells and the origin of life. In recent years, thousands of excellent reviews and articles have appeared in the literature and some breakthroughs have already been achieved. However, a great deal of work remains to be carried out. Beyond the borders of the traditional domains of scientific activity, the multidisciplinary character of the present Special Issue leaves space for anyone to creatively contribute to any aspect of these and related relevant topics. We hope that the presented works will be stimulating for a new generation of scientists that are taking their first steps in this fascinating field.
    Keywords: origin of life ; peptidyl-transferase center ; pseudo-symmetry ; proto-ribosome ; SymR ; emergence of biological systems ; RNA ligation ; dimerization ; standard genetic codes ; codon assignment ; tRNA ; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase classes ; thiophene ; acetylene ; transition metal sulfides ; hydrothermal conditions ; early metabolism ; origin-of-life ; prebiotic chemistry ; protein–monosaccharide recognition ; protein–monosaccharide interactions ; FRET analysis ; glycocodon theory ; glucose oxidase ; Mars ; prebiotic chemical evolution ; early Earth ; astrobiology ; CHNOPS ; transition elements ; sample return ; exoplanets ; complex organic molecules ; astrochemistry ; interstellar medium ; molecular ices ; solid state ; protoplanetary disks ; star forming regions ; comets ; vesicles ; division ; urea–urease enzymatic reaction ; bending modulus ; budding ; ADE theory ; dynamic kinetic stability ; cognition ; chemical evolution ; systems chemistry ; metabolism ; network expansion simulation ; temperature ; thermodynamics ; protocell ; compartment ; solid interface ; lipid ; polymerization ; cyclic nucleotides ; autocatalytic set ; osmotic pressure ; cell division ; lipid membrane ; bistable reaction system ; template-directed RNA synthesis ; origin of genetic code ; time order of canonical amino acids ; proto-metabolism ; chirogenesis ; quartz ; amino acids ; radiation damage ; GC×GC-TOFMS ; origins of life ; prebiotic membranes ; protoamphiphiles ; metal ions ; hot springs ; N-acyl amino acid ; analogue conditions ; viroids ; ribozyviruses ; primordial replicators ; ribozymes ; bilayer structure ; molecular dynamics ; aggregation process ; selection ; evolution ; Fenton chemistry ; reduced phosphorus ; pyrophosphate ; chemical complexity ; minerals ; schreibersite ; olivine ; serpentinite ; ulexite ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Apomixis is the consequence of a concerted mechanism that harnesses the sexual machinery and coordinates developmental steps in the ovule to produce an asexual (clonal) seed. Altered sexual developments involve widely characterized functional and anatomical changes in meiosis, gametogenesis, and embryo and endosperm formation. The ovules of apomictic plants skip meiosis and form unreduced female gametophytes whose egg cells develop into a parthenogenetic embryo, and the central cells may or may not fuse to a sperm to develop the seed endosperm. Thus, functional apomixis involves at least three components, apomeiosis, parthenogenesis, and endosperm development, modified from sexual reproduction that must be coordinated at the molecular level to progress through the developmental steps and form a clonal seed. Despite recent progress uncovering specific genes related to apomixis-like phenotypes and the formation of clonal seeds, the molecular basis and regulatorynetwork of apomixis is still unknown. This is a central problem underlying the current limitations of apomixis breeding. This book collates twelve publications addressing different topics around the molecular basis of apomixis, illustrating recent discoveries and advances toward understanding the genetic regulation of the trait, discussing the possible origins of apomixis and the remaining challenges for its commercial deployment in plants.
    Keywords: apomixis ; evolution ; germline ; gene regulation ; sporogenesis ; plant reproduction ; ribosome ; RNA helicase ; sexual development ; stress response ; apomeiosis ; clonal seeds ; endosperm ; heterosis capture ; molecular breeding ; parthenogenesis ; differentially expressed genes ; hybridization ; microarrays ; polyploidy ; Ranunculus ; sexuality ; character segregation ; crop biotechnology ; heterosis ; meiosis ; recombination ; agamospermy ; basal angiosperms (ANA-grade) ; sporocyteless ; polycomb-group proteins ; reproductive systems ; apomixis evolution ; APOSTART ; Poa pratensis ; diplospory ; autonomous endosperm ; genetics ; Taraxacum ; dandelion ; weeping lovegrass ; drought stress ; RNA-seq ; plant breeding ; plant development ; Hieracium piloselloides ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) ; amplicon sequencing ; genome editing ; tissue culture ; haploid progeny ; dicotyledon ; PsASGR-BBML ; pseudogamy ; 5-azacytidine ; abscisic acid ; apospory ; expression profiling ; fluridone ; metabolic homeostasis ; oxidative stress ; sucrose non-fermenting-related protein kinase ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This book is a collection of fundamental and applied research on the plant root response to environmental clues. In particular, the continued adaptation of both fine and coarse roots to modifications due to natural and anthropogenic causes were investigated from different viewpoints. Additionally, specific root traits were investigated as an optimal indicator of responses to the environment at the whole-plant level. Aspects such as an innovative methodological approach, the root morphology, gene expression, and primary and secondary metabolite concentrations were at the center of the investigations conducted in this collection.
    Keywords: TIFY ; Populus trichocarpa ; protein interaction network ; phytohormone treatment ; abiotic stress ; bioengineering ; Carpinus betulus ; Fagus orientalis ; tensile force ; Acer pseudoplatanus ; competition below ground ; extracellular enzymes ; Fagus sylvatica ; intraspecific and interspecific competition ; toot economic spectrum ; toot respiration ; tree root traits ; soil compaction ; N loading ; fine root ; root morphology ; ectomycorrhizal fungi ; forest gap ; forest management ; fine roots ; morphology ; lignin ; carbon ; nitrogen ; hydro-fluctuation zone ; Three Gorges Dam Reservoir ; winter submergence ; Taxodium distichum ; Salix matsudana ; organic acids ; phosphorus deficiency ; T.‘Zhongshanshan’ ; root foraging ability for phosphorus ; anchorage ; coarse root ; measurement method ; Pinus thunbergii ; root cross-sectional area ; root system architecture ; morphological attributes ; physiological analysis ; Populus euramericana ; reforestation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The very first marine-derived anticancer drug, Cytarabine (aka Ara-C, Cytosar-U®), was approved by the FDA in 1969 for the treatment of leukemia. At the beginning of 2021, the list of approved marine-derived anticancer drugs consists of nine substances, five of which received approval within the last two years, demonstrating the rapid evolution of the field. The current book is a collection of scientific articles related to the exponentially growing field of anticancer marine compounds. These articles cover the whole field, from agents with cancer-preventive activity, to novel and previously characterized compounds with anticancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of compounds under clinical development.
    Keywords: apoptosis ; fucoidan ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; reactive oxygen species ; 3-alkylpyridinium polymers ; nicotine ; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ; non-small cell lung carcinoma ; melanoma ; sinulariolide ; proteomic ; mitochondria ; caspase cascade ; marine fungus ; sediment ; anthranilic acid ; Penicillium paneum ; cytotoxicity ; dibromotyrosine ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; oxidative stress ; topoisomerase ; epigonal organ ; bonnethead shark ; Jurkat ; tumor cell line ; hippuristanol ; PEL ; AP-1 ; STAT3 ; Akt ; colorectal cancer ; marine mollusc ; brominated indoles ; shrimp ; chemoprevention ; fatty acids ; carotenoids ; cancer ; nanoparticle ; osteosarcoma ; lung metastasis ; elisidepsin ; lipid rafts ; hydroxylated lipids ; fatty acid 2-hydroxylase ; cooperative binding ; membrane permeabilization ; marine organisms ; polysaccharides ; anticancer ; anticarcinogenic ; mechanisms of action ; fumigaclavine C ; anti-proliferation ; mitochondrial pathway ; anti-cancer ; anti-proliferative ; carotenoid ; cell cycle arrest ; fucoxanthin ; azoxymethane ; bioactive natural product ; isatin ; in vivo model ; Marthasterias glacialis L. ; palmitic acid ; ER-stress ; CHOP ; Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) ; marine antitumor agents ; clinical trials ; approved antitumor agents ; AD0157 ; angiogenesis ; marine drug ; pyrrolidinedione ; secondary metabolites ; cancer preventive ; chemopreventive ; trabectedin ; plitidepsin ; tumor-associated macrophages ; tumor microenvironment ; preclinical ; anticancer immunity ; antiangiogenesis ; fascaplysin ; cyclin-dependent kinase ; small cell lung cancer ; camptothecin ; poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitor ; breast cancer ; seaweed ; therapeutic compounds ; autophagy ; marine drugs ; autophagy inhibitors ; autophagy inducers ; macrolide ; programmed cell death ; energy stress ; araguspongine C ; c-Met ; HER2 ; gemcitabine ; pazopanib ; phase I ; safety ; soft tissue sarcoma ; pachastrissamine ; jaspine B ; carbocyclic analogue ; sphingosine kinase inhibitor ; molecular modeling ; ET-743 ; DNA minor groove binder ; soft tissue sarcoma ; chemotherapy ; bis (2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methane (BDDPM) ; anti-metastatic activity ; cell adhesion ; β1-integrin ; FAK ; BEL-7402 cell ; triterpene glycosides ; sea cucumbers ; antitumor activities ; arrest of cell cycle ; antibacterial ; marangucyclines ; deep-sea ; Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 11594 ; LS-1 ; SNU-C5/5-FU ; TGF-β signaling ; carcinoembryonic antigen ; kalkitoxin ; Moorea producens ; mitochondria toxin ; VEGF ; angiogenesis inhibitor ; hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ; HIF-1 ; Lyngbya majuscula ; marine metabolites ; SZ-685C ; nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas ; Ecklonia cava ; phlorotannins ; dieckol ; migration ; sipholenol A ; ABC transporter ; multidrug resistance ; P-gp/ABCB1 ; BCRP/ABCG2 ; MRP1/ABCC1 ; marine natural products ; glioblastoma ; xyloketal B ; proliferation ; TRPM7 ; marine compound ; ribosomal protein genes ; snoRNA ; FAU ; RPS30 ; SNORA62 ; evolution ; Porifera ; n/a ; Penicillium brevicompactum ; Brevianamide ; Mycochromenic acid derivative ; antifouling ; Caribbean sponge ; plakortide ; endoperoxide ; leukemia ; multi-drug resistant leukemia ; Sarcophyton ehrenbergi ; soft coral ; terpenes ; cembranoids ; cytotoxic activity ; molecular docking ; uveal melanoma ; oxidative stress ; virtual screening ; Topo I inhibitor ; low toxic ; natural product ; Ulva fasciata ; selenium-containing polysaccharide-protein complex ; pseudopterosin ; NF-κB ; p65 ; inflammation ; cytokine release ; IL-6 ; TNFα ; MCP-1 ; glucocorticoid receptor ; paulomycins ; Micromonospora ; antitumor ; Cantabrian Sea-derived actinobacteria ; puupehenones ; sponges ; antiangiogenic ; antitumoral ; porifera/sponge ; cancer genes ; molecular oncology ; bromophenol ; molecular mechanisms ; cell cycle ; PI3K/Akt ; p38/ERK ; ROS ; human lung cancer ; glycosaminoglycans ; antiproliferative ; heparan sulphate ; gliotoxin ; NSCLC ; adriamycin resistance ; Sepia ink polysaccharides ; antitumour ; chemosensitization ; anticoagulation ; sea anemone ; drug discovery ; endothelial cells ; RGD motif ; kunitz type inhibitor ; prostate cancer ; antioxidant ; natural marine compounds ; marine biotechnology ; microalgae ; marine sponges ; Aeroplysinin ; Isofistularin ; pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma ; metastasis ; cancer progression ; cell adhesion molecules ; integrin β1 ; hypoxia ; phycocyanin ; non-small cell lung cancer ; NF-κB signaling ; marine-derived drugs ; bioanalysis ; chromatography ; manzamine A ; epithelial–mesenchymal transition ; lung cancer ; circulating tumor cells ; signal transduction ; cisplatin ; Lampetra morii ; buccal gland ; cystatin F ; anti-angiogenesis ; cystatin superfamily ; Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) ; Tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) ; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ; itampolin A ; FBDD ; p38α ; novel inhibitor ; tetracenomycin X ; cyclin D1 ; proteasomal degradation ; p38 ; c-JUN ; λ-carrageenan ; heparanase ; anticoagulant ; depolymerisation ; cell migration ; Aspergillus ; naphthopyrones ; endophytic fungus ; Leathesia nana ; mangrove-derived actinomycete ; ansamycins ; divergolides ; apoptosis-inducing activity ; actinomycin ; EMT ; invasion ; low molecular weight fucoidan extract ; N-Ras ; neuroblastoma-rat sarcoma ; Cancer ; programmed cell death-ligand 1 ; programmed cell death-ligand 2 ; human sarcoma cell line (HT1080 cells) ; human normal diploid fibroblast (TIG-1 cells) ; chimera ; chemical conjugation ; anticancer agent ; hybridization ; α9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) ; breast cancer cells ; αO-conotoxin GeXIVA ; targeted therapy ; gorgonian ; Leptogorgia ; humulane sesquiterpenoids ; anticancer activity ; 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial ; HeLa cells ; Nur77 ; MAPK/ERK pathway ; Mycalin A ; C15 acetogenins ; synthetic analogues ; antiproliferative activity ; A375 and HeLa cell lines ; polyoxygenated steroids ; sponge ; Haliclona gracilis ; Thalassia testudinum ; thalassiolin B ; polyphenols ; CYP1A1 ; benzo[a]pyrene ; JNK1/2 ; natural products ; synergism ; A549 cells ; cytoskeleton ; P2X7 receptor ; pollution ; anti-angiogenic ; gene expression ; HSP90 ; inhibitor ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of marine mammals over the past several decades, numerous unanswered questions remain. These include fundamental questions in every biological discipline as well as other areas of science, including basic and applied chemistry and physics. Current studies of marine mammals reflect major improvements in technology as well as equally large changes in the ocean environment. Contributions for this Special Issue were invited in all areas of marine mammal research, especially those focusing on one (or both) of two themes: changing technological advances and changes in ocean habitats affecting marine mammals (including but not limited to changes in climate/temperature; ocean acidification; noise, plastic, or chemical pollution; vessel traffic and ship strikes; pathogenic viruses and microbes; trophic and salinity changes; fisheries impacts; habitat destruction; and related topics). The five articles published in this Special Issue focus on diverse areas of marine mammal research and health, including ecology, conservation, population biology and management, behavior, habitat and distribution, genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, acoustics, effects of noise and pollution, and new technologies.
    Keywords: Cetacea ; whales ; dolphins ; porpoise ; evolution ; macroevolution ; paleontology ; genetics ; harbor porpoise ; Phocoena phocoena ; American shad ; salmon ; asphyxiation ; large prey ; foraging ecology ; strandings ; harbour seal ; Phoca vitulina ; pinniped ; distribution ; population status ; climate change ; edge effect ; knowledge gaps ; antibiotic resistance ; antimicrobial ; multi-drug resistance ; MAR index ; harbor seal ; marine ecosystem ; Salish Sea ; freshwater ; cetacean ; Tursiops sp. ; wildlife management ; marine biology ; salinity ; human disturbance ; dose response ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Sustainable agricultural practices are needed to provide food security for a growing global population. Food production is usually associated with high nutrient inputs in the form of mineral fertilizers. Since the beginning of agriculture, such practices have led to soil degradation and the release of environmental contaminants. In this Special Issue, we will focus on innovations in organic and inorganic fertilizer production. We welcome studies concerning new approaches for smart fertilizer development, including bioformulations with mineral particles, nanomaterials, and plant growth promoting microorganisms. We especially encourage authors taking advantage of ecological interactions to improve plant nutrient-use efficiency. Moreover, we would like to include contributions that focus on organic amendments to increase or propitiate the terrestrial C sequestration and stabilization, in order to contribute to mitigating climate change at the same time increasing food security by soil fertility, thus making win–win–win scenarios. Such techniques may concern, but are not limited to, innovative organic waste recycling procedures and new applications of mycorrhizae, rhizobioms, or free living soil bacteria and fungi.
    Keywords: earthworms ; frass ; insect excreta ; insect farming ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil fauna ; soil fertility ; waste management ; seed germination ; jellyfish ; blue fertilizer ; soil restoration ; soil amendments ; water use efficiency ; phosphorus sources ; P solubilization ; P acidulation ; relative agronomic efficiency ; pond sediments ; organic fertilizer ; mineral fertilizer ; cucumber ; integrated fish-vegetable farming ; Mekong Delta ; Crotalaria spectabilis ; C. juncea ; 15N natural abundance ; 13C isotopic composition ; transpiration efficiency ; aluminum toxicity ; antioxidant ; barley ; lignin ; phenols ; silicon ; calcareous soil ; humic acid ; phosphorus uptake ; single superphosphate ; wheat ; animal feedstuff ; circular economy ; fertilizer ; greenhouse ; insect larva ; organic waste ; leafy vegetable ; mineral nutrients ; soil structure ; chlorophyll content ; cation exchange capacity ; nitrogen fertilizer ; nitrification inhibitor ; nitrogen leaching ; nitrogen use efficiency ; 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) ; biochar ; compost ; isotopic signature ; carbon mineralization ; plant growth ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Satisfying consumer needs through the production of healthy and nutritious agricultural products is a substantial challenge facing modern agriculture. However, agricultural production should be carried out with care for plant health, biological safety of products, and environmental safety while minimizing the risks to human health. Therefore, the implementation of agricultural practices while respecting these principles is very important for improving the quantity and quality of crops. Additionally, ecosystems have been altered as a result of human activities and climate change, resulting in the reduction of biodiversity and creation of new niches where pests can thrive. This is of particular importance in 2020, as the United Nations General Assembly declared this year as the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH), with “protecting plants, protecting life” as a leading subject.This Special Issue promotes the subject of plant health and emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of pests, including weeds, which cause substantial economic losses. Research articles cover topics related to the biology and harmfulness of weeds, particularly in connection with crop health, segetal weed communities and their biodiversity, and integrated methods of weed control. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research, opinions, and reviews.
    Keywords: chamomile ; organic system ; bioproducts ; seeding density ; quantitative weed infestation indicators ; weed species ; fungal diseases ; camelina ; herbicides ; genetic similarity ; phytotoxicity ; formulation ; plant chlorophyll fluorescence ; reduced tillage ; no-till ; ploughing ; winter wheat ; weeds ; seed bank ; invasive weed species ; Glycine max (L.) Merr. ; cropping system ; tillage system ; weed infestation ; biological diversity ; spelt wheat ; cultivars ; crop protection methods ; seeding rate ; yield ; fungi ; mycotoxins ; dose-response ; enzyme activity ; herbicide resistance ; shikimic acid ; slender amaranth ; early potato production ; polypropylene agrotextile ; polyethylene sheeting ; mechanical weed control ; chemical weed control ; potato cultivars ; legume cover crop ; weed control ; organic matter ; nitrogen ; soil physical and biological properties ; soil erosion ; exotic Tamarix ; riparian zone ; biodiversity ; richness ; diversity ; evenness ; biodiversity indicators ; weed ; organic farming ; low-input conventional farming ; Shannon’s index ; Simpson’s index ; potato ; biodiversity of weeds ; mechanical method ; chemical method ; monocotyledonous weeds ; dicotyledonous weeds ; lupin ; yielding ; cultivation intensification ; production cost ; segetal flora ; weed quantity ; weed mass ; grain species ; legume ; Salix viminalis L. crops ; energy crops ; dynamic of flora ; age of plantation ; willow plantation ; invasive species ; medicinal species ; melliferous species ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This reprint is a printed version of the Special Issue, entitled “Orchid Biochemistry 2.0”, one literature review, and nine original research articles were published, and the Special Issue provides further insight into several critical subtopics, including reproduction biology, functional genomics in secondary metabolites, as well as polysaccharides and orchid mycorrhizae.
    Keywords: terpene synthase ; terpenes ; methyl jasmonate ; abiotic stress ; orchids ; anthocyanin ; MYB2 ; orchid ; Dendrobium bigibbum ; γ-irradiation ; orchid mycorrhiza ; plant hormone ; symbiosis germination ; gene expression ; acetyl groups ; Dendrobium officinale ; REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION ; endoplasmic reticulum ; floral volatiles ; geraniol ; MEP pathway ; amino acids ; female reproductive success ; pollinaria removal ; natural selection ; plant-pollinator interactions ; sugars ; AP2 transcription factor ; development ; dual-luciferase reporter gene system ; Orchidaceae ; evolution ; phylogenetic tree ; DROOPING LEAF ; flower development ; YABBY transcription factors ; floral display ; fruiting ; marsh helleborine ; nectar amino acids ; nectar sugars ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Soil, water, and nitrogen management are critical for crop productivity and quality in horticulture as well as for reducing negative impacts on ecosystems and greenhouse gas emissions. This Special Issue is a collection of seven important research works addressing solutions or strategies that can be implemented in order to use these three factors of production in a more sustainable way and to reduce inorganic nitrogen applications by considering the great importance of circular agriculture and the use of microorganisms. Aside from the relevance of the topics in this Special Issue, the studies included within it may trigger the development of new strategies for more sustainable and environmentally friendly intensive agriculture.
    Keywords: drip irrigation ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; water relations ; N and P status ; soil organic carbon ; osmoregulation ; sugar accumulation ; water stress ; xylem tissue ; mulching film ; Trichoderma ; Lactuca sativa L. ; nitrogen dose ; nutritional quality ; yield ; sustainability ; by-products ; recycle ; smart agriculture ; nitrogen efficiency ; soil organic matter ; acidic soil ; pH ; nitrogen ; nutrient uptake ; photosynthetic pigments ; antioxidant activity ; Spinacia oleracea ; hexavalent Cr ; photosynthesis ; phosphorus uptake ; Cr(VI) tissue ; leaf characteristics ; purslane ; soil contamination ; heavy metals ; Ginger (Zingiber officinale) ; biochar ; plant growth ; root morphological traits ; chlorophyll content ; soil enzymes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book is a collection of papers written by leaders in the field of lateralized brain function and behaviour in non-human animals. The papers cover the asymmetry of brain mechanisms and behaviour in a wide range of both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Each paper focuses on one of the following topics: the link between population-level lateralization and social behaviour; the processes in the avian brain that permit one brain hemisphere to take control of behaviour; lateralized attention to predators and the common pattern of lateralization in vertebrate species; visual and auditory lateralization; influences that alter the development of lateralization—specifically, the effect of temperature on the development of lateralization in sharks; and the importance of understanding lateralization when considering both the training and welfare of dogs. Collectively, these studies address questions of why different species have asymmetry of brain and behaviour, how it develops, and how this is dealt with by these different species. The papers report on the lateralization of different types of behaviour, each going beyond merely reporting the presence of asymmetry and shedding light on its function and on the mechanisms involved in its expression.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; spider monkey ; zebra finch ; starlings ; frequency-dependent selection ; monocular viewing ; welfare ; climate change ; song ; development ; social behavior ; social interactions ; physiology ; predator inspection ; scale-eater ; vision ; reaction time ; cross-predation ; auditory perception ; dog ; eye preference ; brain asymmetry ; asymmetry of brain function ; paw preference ; songbirds ; shelter ; hemisphere differences ; hemispheric interactions ; population-level ; birds ; color discrimination ; laterality ; general pattern of lateralisation ; lateralised behaviour ; individual-level ; lateral dimorphism ; temperature ; social interaction ; behavior ; ESS ; social networks ; evolution ; Campbell’s monkeys ; hemispheric specialisation ; lateralization ; elasmobranchs ; Perissodus ; attention ; risk ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 74
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and diverse multigene locus in all jawed vertebrate species that has an integral role in adaptive/innate immune systems, transplantation, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. The MHC supra-locus in mammalian vertebrates is usually partitioned into three distinct regions, known as classes I, II, and III, which, to varying extents, can be found conserved in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates, such as bony fish, amphibians, and bird lineages. The MHC gene region is characterized particularly by the expression of class I and class II glycoproteins that bind peptides derived from intracellular or extracellular antigens to circulating T-cells. While this expressed antigenic specificity remains the predominant interest with respect to MHC function and polymorphism in a population, a broader concept has emerged that examines the MHC as a multifunctional polymorphic controller that facilitates and regulates genome diversity with a much greater array of functions and effects than just MHC-restricted antigen recognition. This volume of 19 reprints presented by various experts and collected from the Special Issue of Cells on “MHC in Health and Disease” covers a broad range of topics on the genomic diversity of the MHC regulatory system in various vertebrate species, including MHC class I, II, and III genes; innate and adaptive immunity; neurology; transplantation; haplotypes; infectious and autoimmune diseases; fecundity; conservation; allelic lineages; and evolution. Taken together, these articles demonstrate the immense complexity and diversity of the MHC structure and function within and between different vertebrate species.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; HCP5 ; n/a ; camels ; MHC ; STK19 ; major histocompatibility complex ; human papillomavirus (HPV) ; T-cell receptor ; T1DGC ; bottleneck ; micro-mini-pigs ; life history ; computational analysis ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; phase ; Bactrian camel ; NSDK ; melanoma ; antigen ; autoimmune disease ; RD ; selection ; disease resistance ; autoimmunity ; ancestral haplotype ; Ski complex ; DXO ; high-throughput sequencing ; conservation genetics ; SVA ; lncRNA ; ankylosing spondylitis ; MHC genes ; viral peptides ; competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) ; astrogliosis ; birds ; long-fragment super haplotype ; SNP ; RLR ; HLA polymorphism ; 5??3? RNA decay ; expression ; 3??5? mRNA turnover ; orthology ; long-read sequencing ; disease association ; dromedary ; polyomavirus ; MHC-II-associated sperm-egg recognition ; experimental medicine ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; fish ; SKIV2L ; production trait ; molecular dynamics simulation ; Macaca fascicularis ; human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) ; concerted evolution ; polymorphism ; Old World camels ; MHC polymorphism ; protocol ; nonclassical ; gene duplication ; microglial reaction ; human leukocyte antigen-E ; SKI2W ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies ; antiviral immunity ; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; founder effect ; giant panda ; domain movements ; BK virus ; promoter-proximal transcriptional pause ; type 1 diabetes (T1D) ; RP1 ; miR1236 ; KIR ; synaptic covering ; swine leukocyte antigen ; cynomolgus macaque ; HLA ; kidney transplantation ; ?2m knockout mice ; DOM3Z ; interferon ? ; ethnic populations in China ; ecology ; KIR–HLA pairs ; exosomes ; major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ; MHC-I-based mother-fetus recognition ; RNA quality control ; autoimmune diseases ; NELF-E ; haplotype ; genetic drift ; evolution ; nonhuman primate models ; HLA-B27 ; PNS/CNS interface ; risk genes ; pedigree ; MHC-I- and MHC-II-dependent inter-individual recognition ; regulation ; crested ibis ; reproductive performance ; nephropathy ; cancer ; nuclear kinase ; trichohepatoenteric syndrome ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; parent-of-origin effects ; fluorescent in situ hybridization ; coverage ratio analysis ; n/a ; ribosomal DNA ; reactivation ; cytogenetics ; epigenetics ; heterochromatin ; interphase nucleus ; whole genome resequencing ; transmission ; grasshoppers ; genome instability ; dot-like (micro) Bs ; ?s ; B chromosome ; supernumerary elements ; transcription of heterochromatin ; maternal X chromosome ; supernumerary chromosome ; population analysis ; supernumerary ; repeat clusters ; extra chromosomes ; genes ; tandem repeats ; B morphotypes ; repetitive DNA ; repetitive elements ; DNA copy number variation ; chromosome polymorphism ; satellite DNA ; mammals ; maize B chromosome ; additional chromosomes ; inactivation ; drive ; B chromosomes ; FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) ; organelle DNA ; Orthoptera ; origin ; supernumerary chromosomes ; karyotype evolution ; GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) ; DNA composition ; de novo centromere formation ; genomics ; paternal X chromosome ; euchromatin degradation ; supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution ; centromere ; sSMC ; Prospero autumnale complex ; next-generation sequencing ; Drosophila ; host/parasite interaction ; Apodemus peninsulae ; genome evolution ; evolution ; teleost ; chromosome evolution ; microdissected DNA probes ; controlling element ; mobile element ; RNA-Seq ; karyotypes ; karyotypic characteristics ; RepeatExplorer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Alternative treatment modes for antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens have become a public health priority. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and lyse bacterial cells. Since bacteriophages are frequently bacterial host species-specific and can often also infect antibiotic-resistant bacterial cells, they could represent ideal antimicrobials for fighting the antibiotic resistance crisis. The medical use of bacteriophages has become known as phage therapy. It is widely used in Russia, where phage cocktails are sold in pharmacies as an over-the-counter drug. However, no phage product has been registered for medical purposes outside of the former Soviet Union. The current Special Issue of Viruses contains a collection of papers from opinion leaders in the field who explore hurdles to the introduction of phage therapy in western countries. The articles cover diverse topics ranging from patent to regulatory issues, the targeting of suitable bacterial infections, and the selection and characterization of safe and efficient phage cocktails. Phage resistance is discussed, and gaps in our knowledge of phage–bacterium interactions in the mammalian body are revealed, while other articles explore the use of phages in food production and processing.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; alginate ; abortive infection ; n/a ; bacterial resistance ; bacteriophages ; ATMP ; MALDI-MS ; adaptation ; Bacteriophage ; horizontal gene transfer ; adaptive immunity ; co-evolution ; Listeria ivanovii ; personalised medicines ; pH stability ; phage-human host interaction ; vB_SauM-fRuSau02 ; antimicrobial resistance ; phagodisinfection ; biofilm ; capsule depolymerase ; animal model ; phage cocktails ; Enterococcus ; cases report ; zoonosis ; resistance ; magistral formula ; experimental therapy ; Belgium ; phage therapy ; E. faecalis ; nontraditional antibacterial ; industrial phage application ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; OrthoMCL ; Germany ; high-throughput sequencing ; antimicrobial ; infection ; antibiotic therapy ; Kayvirus ; phages ; Twortlikevirus ; bacterial disease ; human host ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; phage ; multidrug-resistant bacteria ; bacterial infection ; Salmonella Typhi ; rhamnopolysaccharide ; compassionate use ; crop production ; compounding pharmacy ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; best practices ; bacteriophage efficacy ; phage sensitivity ; antibiotic-resistance ; antibiotic ; lysins ; PTMP ; Escherichia coli ; typhoid fever ; patent landscape ; phage preparation ; innate immunity ; anti-phage antibodies ; immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; global health ; clinical trial ; adsorption ; Brussels ; phage-resistance ; Galleria mellonella ; science communication ; history of science ; virus–host interactions ; foodborne illness ; prophage ; resistance management ; biofilms ; IND ; immunomodulation ; frequency of resistance ; capsule ; gastrointestinal tract ; phage-host interactions ; disinfection ; production ; bacteriophage therapy ; bacteriophage ; Staphylococcus ; magistral preparation ; extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) ; Viral proteins ; antibiotic resistance ; genomics ; phage biocontrol ; therapy ; target selection ; viral genomes ; evolution ; pharmaceutical paradigm shift ; personalized medicine ; pharmaceutical legislation ; food safety ; regulation ; virulence ; developing countries ; infectious disease ; regulatory framework ; sustainable agriculture ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; C-CTX-1 ; non-targeted analysis ; ciguatera fish poisoning ; suspects screening ; neurodegeneration ; adaptation ; LC-HRMS ; paralytic shellfish toxins ; LC-MS/MS ; animal toxins ; identification ; method characterization ; caribbean ciguatoxins ; oral toxicity ; water flea ; quorum sensing ; eutrophication ; beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine ; dynamics simulation ; thermal water ; spent medium ; Microcystis ; Gambierdiscus ; gambierdiscus ; whole genome sequencing ; palytoxin ; conotoxin ; ovatoxins ; cyanobacterial toxin ; BMAA ; Ciguatera fish poisoning ; Rastrineobola argentea ; calcium-activated K+ ion channel ; toxicity equivalence factor ; NMR spectroscopy ; N2a ; PPIA ; marine biotoxins ; Daphnia magna ; ELISA ; disulfide-rich peptide ; food chain ; ShK-like peptide ; voltage-gated K+ ion channel ; targeted analysis ; Chinese yellow catfish ; marine ; macaronesia ; neuroblastoma bioassay ; marine toxins ; acute toxicity ; algal–bacterial relationship ; mass spectrometry ; tetrodotoxins ; saxitoxin ; toxicology ; cationization ; seafood safety ; evolution ; cyanotoxins ; toxin genes ; zoantharian ; spatial variability ; dopaminergic neurons ; tetrodotoxin ; bivalve mollusks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book ""Quality and Production of Forage"" is intended to keep readers updatedon the developments occurring in this field. As it is apparent that livestockanimals are important throughout the world because of the meat, milk and eggthey produce, knowledge about the forages available to animals must also beconsidered for increased production, quality and efficiency. This book providesinformation that readers will find considerably invaluable about forage feeds, suchas grass, legumes, and straw. The book is composed of ten papers, focusing on awide range of research activities and topics that feature the following concepts offorage: the effect of conservation method on forage protein value; Microbial thecomposition and mycotoxin content in forage; genetic diversity of forages; timelysowing to maximize yield for both grain and biomass; ensiling treatments onforage quality; the qualitative characteristics of different accessions of new foragespecies; forage policy influencing feed costs; feeding forage on animal health;high-protein tropical forages as alternative sources for poultry; impact of foragesin poultry diet and significance of forages in sustainable poultry productionsystems. This book will be an invaluable reference for students and professionalsin agricultural science and grassland and animal husbandry researches.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; annual clover ; corn ; plant height ; forage production ; feed costs ; wilting ; population density ; Moringa oleifera ; alfalfa ; livestock ; digestibility ; hay ; sowing date ; biomass production ; clover ; tropical forages ; sustainability ; alternative protein ; plant ; animal ; dry matter ; genetic diversity ; chicken ; zearalenone ; production system ; forage ; energy balance ; grain yield ; nutritional composition ; deoxynivalenol ; grass ; silage ; policy ; path analysis ; poultry ; in vitro organic matter digestibility ; nitrogen ; nitrogen balance ; beneficial use ; lucerne ; forage yield ; anti-nutritional factors ; N fixation ; fungi ; planting ; markers ; crude protein ; epiphytic microflora ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; n/a ; Boudouard reaction in gasification ; Chinese reed ; underground coal gasification ; food waste ; kinetic models ; fixed bed combustor ; reactor modelling ; AAEMs ; anaerobic digestion ; grape marc ; adsorption isotherms ; Texaco pilot plant ; biomass valorization ; food waste compost ; CH4 adsorption ; gaseous emissions ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) ; waste wood ; coconut shells ; kinetic model ; char oxidation ; low-rank coal char ; nutrients ; characteristic time analysis ; kinetic parameters ; ash from biomass ; combustion parameters ; biomass ; thermal characteristics ; biocrude ; reaction kinetics ; sludge cake ; gasification ; pellets ; characterization ; ash layer ; energy recovery efficiency ; internal diffusion resistance ; FT-IR ; giant miscanthus ; pyrolysis ; olive mill solid wastes (OMSWs) ; food-waste biochar ; melting phenomenon ; chemisorption ; steam gasification ; NaCl template ; biomass production ; textural characterization ; desalination ; ash fusion temperature (AFT) ; thermogravimetric analysis ; combustion ; chemical speciation ; sawdust ; NaCl ; effective diffusion coefficient ; kinetics ; breakthrough curves ; biochar engineering ; biochar ; amino acid ; high heating value (HHV) ; salty food waste ; ELECTRE III ; interferences ; multicriteria model ; pyrrole ; interactions ; biogas purification ; fertilisation ; NOx ; pyrolysis conditions ; steam ; partial combustion reaction in gasification ; CO2 adsorption ; poultry slaughterhouse ; hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) ; calorific value ; oxygen enrichment ; porosity ; nitrogen ; hydrothermal carbonization ; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ; MTDATA ; activated carbon ; active site ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; nitrogen nutrition index ; n/a ; soil organic carbon ; yield estimation ; hyperspectral sensor ; crop modeling ; crop residue management ; land use change ; flat-fan atomizer ; vegetation index ; septoria tritici blotch ; crop simulation model ; temporal variability ; spectral-weight variations in fused images ; plant ; EPIC model ; large cardamom ; crop inventory ; proximal sensing ; sorghum biomass ; soil ; UAV ; Integrated Administration and Control System ; canopy temperature depression ; fractional cover ; Cropsim-CERES Wheat ; hyperspectral data ; yield ; wheat ; precision farming ; SPAD ; AquaCrop ; prediction modeling ; spectral simulation ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; machine learning ; crop production ; protein content ; Á Trous algorithm ; spatial variability ; variable rate technology ; crop type mapping ; Tarim Basin ; leaf area index ; management zone ; irrigation ; multi-spectral ; agricultural land-cover ; crop modelling ; dynamic model ; satellite images ; climate change ; control variables ; generalized model ; Sentinel-2 satellite imagery ; vegetation indices ; vegetable monitoring ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; cultivars ; crop growth model ; yield monitoring ; big data technology ; conservation agriculture ; GIS ; fAPAR ; droplet drift ; simulation analysis ; durum wheat ; hydroponic ; grain yield ; Leaf Area Index ; NDVI ; precision agriculture ; relative frequencies ; soil stoichiometry ; habitat assessment ; data assimilation ; satellite ; species modelling ; ?13C ; disease ; nitrogen ; yield mapping ; UAV chemical application ; RGB images ; decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Computational intelligence is a general term for a class of algorithms designed by nature's wisdom and human intelligence. Computer scientists have proposed many computational intelligence algorithms with heuristic features. These algorithms either mimic the evolutionary processes of the biological world, mimic the physiological structure and bodily functions of the organism,
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; individual updating strategy ; integrated design ; global optimum ; flexible job shop scheduling problem ; whale optimization algorithm ; EHO ; bat algorithm with multiple strategy coupling (mixBA) ; multi-objective DV-Hop localization algorithm ; optimization ; rock types ; variable neighborhood search ; biology ; average iteration times ; CEC2013 benchmarks ; slicing tree structure ; firefly algorithm (FA) ; benchmark ; single loop ; evolutionary computation ; memetic algorithm ; normal cloud model ; 0-1 knapsack problems ; elite strategy ; diversity maintenance ; material handling path ; artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) ; urban design ; entropy ; evolutionary algorithms (EAs) ; monarch butterfly optimization ; numerical simulation ; architecture ; set-union knapsack problem ; Wilcoxon test ; convolutional neural network ; global position updating operator ; particle swarm optimization ; computation ; minimum load coloring ; topology structure ; adaptive multi-swarm ; minimum total dominating set ; mutation operation ; shape grammar ; greedy optimization algorithm ; ?-Hilbert space ; genetic algorithm ; large scale optimization ; large-scale optimization ; NSGA-II-DV-Hop ; constrained optimization problems (COPs) ; first-arrival picking ; transfer function ; SPEA 2 ; stochastic ranking (SR) ; wireless sensor networks (WSNs) ; acceleration search ; convergence point ; fuzzy c-means ; evolutionary algorithm ; success rates ; Artificial bee colony ; particle swarm optimizer ; random weight ; range detection ; adaptive weight ; large-scale ; automatic identification ; cloud model ; swarm intelligence ; evolutionary multi-objective optimization ; DV-Hop algorithm ; bat algorithm (BA) ; Friedman test ; quantum uncertainty property ; facility layout design ; local search ; deep learning ; Y conditional cloud generator ; benchmark functions ; discrete algorithm ; dispatching rule ; DE algorithm ; nonlinear convergence factor ; energy-efficient job shop scheduling ; t-test ; evolution ; dimension learning ; global optimization ; confidence term ; elephant herding optimization ; moth search algorithm ; evolutionary ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue on the Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils presents 31 new research papers on one of the most diverse and successful groups of animals on Earth, the beetle superfamily Curculionoidea. It was in part inspired to commemorate the extraordinary life and scientific achievements of Guillermo (“Willy”) Kuschel (1918–2017), who shaped this field of science over the last century like no other weevil systematist. The papers in this memorial issue span weevil faunas from all over the globe, including South and Central America, Africa, Europe and the Near East, South-East Asia, New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. They include major advances on the phylogeny and classification of the “broad-nosed” weevils (Entiminae), on the weevils associated with American cycads and on the unique extinct weevil fauna preserved in the 100-million-year-old Burmese amber, when weevils started to diversify alongside the oldest angiosperm plants. They comprise a tribute to Willy Kuschel, the proceedings of a weevil symposium held in his honor in 2016 in Orlando, Florida, 24 systematic studies (including seven phylogenetic analyses) and five other contributions on the diversity, biology, distribution, evolution and fossil history of weevils. In the papers collated in this volume, 30 new genera and 92 new species of weevils are described and a new family of extinct weevils is recognized.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Oxycoryninae ; structural alignment ; SH test ; Titilayo barclayi ; tectal aedeagus ; Urodontinae ; identification ; Aciphylla ; Urodontidius ; spatio-temporal diffusion ; Titilayo ; biological control ; systematics ; Pharaxonothinae ; spermatheca ; Namibia ; new taxa ; mt-Cox1 ; Curculionidae ; Poor Knights Islands ; Acentrusini ; silk production ; Kuschelorhynchus ; Titilayo perrinae ; diversity ; riparian ; ribosomal markers ; stable populations ; forest disturbance ; key ; biogeography ; Broad-nosed weevils ; Tanysphyrini ; Molytinae ; biography ; Chatham Islands ; diagnostics ; weevils ; Israel ; Australia ; publications ; Guillermo Kuschel ; specialist weevils ; target host ; molecular phylogenetics ; cycad pollination ; phytophagy ; combined evidence ; New Guinea ; Araceae ; adults ; amber preparation ; broad-nosed weevils ; Brachycerinae ; Eucalyptus ; Sclerocardius ; ecology ; tribal relationships ; fogging ; Rhyncolini ; Curculionoidea ; phenology ; Rhyncolina ; evolution ; invasive species ; co-dispersal through space and time ; CT scanning ; faunal inventories ; Titilayo geiseri ; aquatic ; mitochondrial genomes ; host plant ; taxonomy ; flightlessness ; larva ; life history ; Titilayo turneri ; weevil larvae ; 1K Weevils Project ; Borneo ; morphology ; invasive ; Spartecerus ; pollination ; DNA barcoding ; longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae) ; classification ; Aethiopacorep africanus ; South Africa ; phylogeny ; weevil fauna ; KH test ; tropical forest canopies ; Mesophyletidae ; neotype ; distribution ; mitochondrial COI ; semi-aquatic ; COI ; Entiminae ; mature larva ; homonym ; Alien ; Naupactini ; Syzygium ; Neotropical region ; galling habit ; Mimaulus ; Afroryzophilus ; genitalia ; Cossoninae ; Titilayo garnerae ; Sclerocardiini ; Titilayo takanoi ; Anchonini ; AU test ; Coleoptera ; fossils ; larvae ; Pinus radiata ; comparative morphology ; obituary ; parasitic plants ; Curculioninae ; Cryptoplini ; microclimate ; hygrophilous ; palm weevils ; weevil ; Papuan region ; Dichotrachelini ; Belidae ; new species ; Afrotropical region ; Patagonia ; Cape Verde ; Erotylidae ; species competition ; Hoop Pine ; Araucariaceae ; mimicry ; constraint analysis ; exotic ; elytro-tergal stridulation ; Titilayo saotomense ; integrative taxonomy ; biodiversity ; angiosperm associations ; non-target host ; Cretaceous ; Klinki Pine ; Macadamia ; Pantomorus-Naupactus complex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Deep biosphere research is at the scientific frontier of bio- and geo-related sciences, yet it is largely underexplored. In terms of volume, deep subsurface settings represent some of the largest microbial habitats on the planet, and the combined biomass of the deep biosphere encompasses the largest living reservoir of carbon, excluding land plants. However, the paleo-record of the deep biosphere is still largely uncharted and neglected. The aim of this book is to highlight current research on deep life through time and bring together researchers with various perspectives. The book presents a collection of scientific contributions that provide a sample of forefront research in this field. The contributions involve a range of case studies of deep ancient life in continental and oceanic settings, of microbial diversity in sub-seafloor environments, and of the isolation of calcifying bacteria, as well as reviews on clay mineralization of fungal biofilms and on the carbon isotope records of the deep biosphere. Deciphering the fossil record of the deep biosphere is a challenging task but, when successful, will unlock doors to life’s cryptic past.
    Keywords: Impact structure ; fungal hyphae ; in situ radiometric dating ; secondary minerals ; stable isotopes ; subsurface ; sediment ; bacteria ; archaea ; deep biosphere ; clay authigenesis ; fossil fungi ; igneous crust ; cryptoendoliths ; subseafloor habitats ; fossilized microorganisms ; Ophiolite ; bacterial calcium-carbonate precipitation (BCP) ; calcifying bacteria selection ; calcifying mixed cultures ; ImageJ software ; Biolog EcoPlates ; sand biocementation ; carbon isotopes ; diagenetic carbonates ; methanogenesis ; anaerobic methane oxidation ; Wood–Ljungdahl pathway ; in situ U-Pb geochronology ; Caledonides ; deep drilling (COSC-1) ; geobiology ; deep time ; geochronology ; microorganisms ; evolution ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This edited book brings together research reports on the asymmetry of brain function in various species, including humans, dogs, birds, lizards and bees. As shown in a wide range of species, and, as we now know, not solely in humans, the left and right sides of the brain process information in different ways and control different responses or patterns of behaviour. Since this discovery, many new methods have become available to reveal the processes involved in the development, function and evolution of this important attribute of the brain. Chapters consider the evidence for asymmetry of sensory receptors, left–right differences in information processing and asymmetrical control of behaviour. The latter includes lateralization of bird song and use of the magnetic compass in navigation. Other chapters report studies on handedness, hemispheric asymmetries in emotional processing and perception of symmetry in humans. The importance of the degree, or strength, of asymmetry is discussed and the conclusion is that asymmetry of the brain enhances its efficiency. Other chapters provide evidence that early experience influences the development of asymmetry. All of the contributors have strong backgrounds in research and they discuss up-to-date discoveries on lateralized brain and behaviour.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; lateralization ; development ; Behavioural asymmetry ; handedness ; attention ; evolution ; brain asymmetry ; humans ; invertebrates ; vertebrates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: A virus (from the Latin word ‘v?rus’ meaning ‘venom’ or ‘poison’) is a microorganism invisible to the naked eye. Viruses can multiply exclusively by entering a cell and using the cell’s resources to create copies of themselves. As the origin of their name suggests, viruses are generally considered dangerous, harmful and often deadly. Some of the most well-studied and widely known viruses, such as HIV and influenza, infect humans. However, viruses can also infect animals, plants and microorganisms, including fungi. Many fungi are medically, ecologically and economically significant, for example, causing diseases to humans, plants and insects or being used in industry to produce bread, cheese, beer and wine. Viruses that infect fungi are called mycoviruses (from the Greek work ‘myco’, meaning ‘fungus’). Mycoviruses do not cause harm to or kill the infected fungus; in contrast, they are ‘friendly’ viruses and we can utilize them to control the growth, pathogenicity and toxin production of fungi. This book describes a range of different mycoviruses and their geographical distribution, transmission and evolution, together with their effects on the fungal hosts and how these are brought about.
    Keywords: n/a ; recombination ; Brunchorstia pinea ; fungal viruses ; virus evolution ; isogenic ; fusarivirus ; Castanea sativa ; sequencing ; PsV-F ; conidiogenesis ; Narnaviridae ; Prunus ; virus discovery ; dicer ; totivirus ; killer toxin ; Saccharomyces paradoxus ; Aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1. ; Fusarium head blight ; dsRNA ; hypovirus ; killer system ; victorivirus ; Leptosphaeria biglobosa quadrivirus ; Entomophthora ; biological control ; RNA genome ; stone fruit ; hypervirulence ; Aspergillus fumigatus chrysovirus ; phylogeny ; A. fumigatus ; Mymonaviridae ; endornavirus ; mycovirus ; Aspergillus ; double-stranded RNA virus ; gemycircularvirus ; Alphapartitivirus ; Partitivirus ; capsid structure ; RnQV1 ; dsRNA virus ; RNA silencing ; capsid protein ; Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA ; multiplex PCR ; A. nidulans ; conifers ; Entomophthoromycotina ; Magnaporthe oryzae. chrysovirus 1 ; sclerogenesis ; Mitovirus ; chrysovirus ; A. niger ; selection pressure ; viral lineage ; A. thermomutatus ; transmission ; Tymovirales ; brown rot ; PcV ; Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 ; Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus ; mitovirus ; populations study ; ssRNA ; mitochondrion ; partitivirus ; rice blast fungus ; database mining ; fungal virus ; horizontal virus transmission ; antiviral ; Aspergillus fumigatus partitivirus-1 ; hypovirulence ; Ethiopia ; chestnut blight ; Trichoderma atroviride ; Botrytis cinerea ; Cryphonectria parasitica ; Totiviridae ; small RNA ; infection cushion ; ash dieback ; Beauveria bassiana ; Rhizophagus ; Sclerotinia minor ; polymycovirus ; biocontrol ; genomic structure analysis ; Mycovirus ; dsRNA mycoviruses ; mycorrhizal fungi ; evolution ; invasive species ; transmissibility ; Chalara fraxinea ; tRFs ; ScV-L-A
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The papers in this SI present valuable results in the topics of soils, sediments, and water contamination according to the consideration of ecological and health risk. They also point out open questions and possible avenues for future research. Biochar application can benefit both soil conservation and contamination, but further research should be conducted to investigate whether these positive effects can be extended to the field scale. Similar to biochar, scale-up design will be helpful for thin-layer capping in in situ sediments using mixed active amendments. Both physiochemical analysis and bioassays mutually supported the evaluation results of river water quality. However, we need better approaches and policies for management to prevent further contamination from the discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste into this aquatic ecosystem. The use of microorganisms to eliminate antibiotics is a promising strategy, but future work should verify the biodegradation ability of antibiotic-degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment plants.
    Keywords: heavy metal ; pollution ; antioxidant ; enzyme ; biomarkers ; ecological risk ; bioaccessibility ; cadmium ; chemical form ; husk biochar ; risk assessment ; active capping ; toxic metal ; sediment ; remediation ; multiple materials ; mercury ; methylmercury ; salinity ; biochar ; organic carbon ; nutrients ; leaching ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; sludge ; antibiotics ; biodegradation ; bioassays ; gold mining ; health risk ; microbiological indicators ; mutagenicity ; toxicity ; green and sustainable remediation ; SDGs ; thin-layer capping ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; nutrient use efficiency ; organic fertilization ; system approach ; Helianthus annuus L. ; catch crop ; Texas High Plains ; forage yield and quality ; living mulch ; nutrient cycling ; quality ; leguminous cover crop ; conservation ; light ; sustainable crop production ; crop rotation ; WHCNS ; stemborer ; complexity ; perennial ; manure ; maize production ; SOC and STN stocks ; cover crops ; forage pea ; yield ; SDS-PAGE analysis ; vineyard system ; double cropping ; wheat ; partial returns ; soybean ; vetch ; nitrogen use efficiency ; enzyme activities ; agrobiodiversity ; gross margin ; residue C and N release ; systematic review ; maize ; protein crops ; no-tillage ; environmental quality ; fall grazing ; kura clover ; cover crop ; organization ; scenario analyses ; cropping system design ; irrigation ; sustainable yield index ; multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) ; Acidic soil ; Europe ; Zea mais L. ; shade ; up-scaling ; water ; conservation agriculture ; water use efficiency ; Triticum aestivum L. ; forage sorghum ; N use efficiency ; nutrient balance ; organic cropping system ; forage ; durum wheat ; cropping systems ; nitrate ; grain yield ; nitrogen nutrition ; conventionalization ; crop residue incorporation ; cereal rye ; green manure ; straw decomposition ; hierarchical patch dynamics ; N uptake ; farmer’s perception ; pearl millet ; nitrogen ; faba bean ; agroecology ; harvesting strategies ; rice ; gluten fractions ; weed suppression ; economics ; mineral N fertilization ; push-pull technology ; growth ; potato (Solanum tuberosum) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In a worldwide context of ever-growing competition for water and land, climate change, droughts and man-made water scarcity, and less-participatory water governance, agriculture faces the great challenge of producing enough food for a continually increasing population. In this line, this book provides a broad overview of innovation issues in the complex water–agriculture–food nexus, thus also relative to their interconnections and dependences. Issues refer to different spatial scales, from the field or the farm to the irrigation system or the river basin. Multidisciplinary approaches are used when analyzing the relationships between water, agriculture, and food security. The covered issues are quite diverse and include: innovation in crop evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and modeling; updates in research relative to crop water use and saving; irrigation scheduling and systems design; simulation models to support water and agricultural decisions; issues to cope with water scarcity and climate change; advances in water resource quality and sustainable uses; new tools for mapping and use of remote sensing information; and fostering a participative and inclusive governance of water for food security and population welfare. This book brings together a variety of contributions by leading international experts, professionals, and scholars in those diverse fields. It represents a major synthesis and state-of-the-art on various subjects, thus providing a valuable and updated resource for all researchers, professionals, policymakers, and post-graduate students interested in the complex world of the water–agriculture–food nexus.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; hysteresis loops ; irrigation systems design ; fuzzy cognitive maps ; Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) ; olive orchard ; Kcb from ground cover ; crop growth ; surface water pollution ; crop water use and evapotranspiration ; measures ; water–energy–food nexus ; water-agriculture-food nexus ; drought classes ; soil temperature ; pressures ; crop water requirements ; Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) ; validation ; latent heat flux ; log-linear modeling ; impact ; Row crops ; dried on the vine ; reform ; Tagus River Basin ; precise land levelling ; regulated deficit irrigation ; Transfer ; relative pressure exceedance ; irrigation district ; evaporation ; Irrigation ; perturbation ; aridity effects ; economic and environmental issues ; water users’ organization ; pressurized irrigation systems ; decision support systems (DSS) ; Pampa biome ; crop yield ; reference evapotranspiration ; DPSIR ; SIMDualKc model ; semi-arid region ; wheat ; calibration ; design of irrigation systems ; Density coefficient ; simulation models ; biomass ; crop transpiration ; groundwater ; direct forcing ; Spain ; satellite observations ; maize yield ; water and salt balance ; soil water balance ; spatial variability ; persistence ; supply–demand balance model ; sustained deficit irrigation ; leaf area index ; evapotranspiration ; eddy covariance ; dry drainage system ; droughts ; Participatory Irrigation Management ; Black soil ; surface irrigation modelling ; drip and basin irrigation ; remote sensing ; crop coefficient curves ; irrigation scheduling ; unsteady flow ; root growth ; North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) ; Sensitive Zones ; soil evaporation ; actual evapotranspiration ; agricultural intensification ; organizational analysis ; policies ; water and land management ; agriculture ; hydrant risk indicator ; evaporative fraction ; local advection ; Fiesta grapes ; Evapotranspiration ; Dual crop coefficients ; Vulnerable Zones ; salinity ; cut-off time ; soil moisture ; irrigation water governance ; nitrogen ; Andalusia ; Corn ; basal crop coefficients ; water balance ; participatory management ; beneficial water use ; soil nutrient ; water users association ; deficit irrigation ; stakeholder engagement ; new technologies ; smartphone application ; drip irrigation ; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ; inflow rates ; policy-making ; soil water storage depletion ; on-demand operation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: According to a report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), achieving safe and healthier foods was one of the top ten achievements of public health in the 20th century. However, considerable persisting challenges currently exist in developed nations and developing economies for further assuring the safety and security of the food supplies. According to CDC estimates, as many as 3000 American adults, as an example, and based on a recent epidemiological estimate of the World Health Organization, around 420,000 individuals around the globe, lose their lives annually due to foodborne diseases. This emphasizes the need for innovative and emerging interventions, for further prevention or mitigation of the risk of foodborne microbial pathogens during food processing and manufacturing. The current publication discusses recent advancements and progress in the elimination and decontamination of microbial pathogens during various stages of manufacturing and production. Special emphasis is placed on hurdle validation studies, investigating decontamination of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars, various serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, public health-significant serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes, and pathogenic species of Cronobacter.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; n/a ; bacteria ; stainless steel ; Escherichia coli ; biofilm formation ; beef ; powdered infant formula ; bile acids ; stx-subtypes ; raw milk ; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli ; Cronobacter sakazakii ; synergism of mild heat and pressure ; raspberry ; blueberry ; biocidal effectiveness ; salmonellosis ; Listeria monocytogenes ; small fruits ; biosensors ; food borne pathogens ; grape ; postharvest diseases ; modified atmosphere packaging ; high hydrostatic pressure ; epithelial barrier ; carvacrol ; dietary bioactive components ; rapid detection ; essential oils ; ozon ; stx-genes ; Cronobacter outbreaks ; habituation ; plant extracts ; Escherichia coli (STEC) ; ozonated water ; disinfectants ; caprylic acid ; foodborne pathogens ; temperature ; natural background microflora ; preventive measures ; carbon dioxide ; nitrogen ; strawberry ; high-pressure pasteurization ; gut microbiota ; food safety ; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) ; microfluidic chip ; fungi ; blackberry ; serogroups ; infant care setting ; non-ozonated water ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book on the sustainable use of soils and water addressed a variety of issues related to the utopian desire for environmental sustainability and the deviations from this scene observed in the real world. Competing interests for land are frequently a factor in land degradation, especially where the adopted land uses do not conform with the land capability (the natural use of soil). The concerns of researchers about these matters are presented in the articles comprising this Special Issue book. Various approaches were used to assess the (im)balance between economic profit and environmental conservation in various regions, in addition to potential routes to bring landscapes back to a sustainable status being disclosed.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; environmental and economic changes ; overexploitation ; stream flow downscaling ; Recharge ; Institutions ; evaluation ; geo hazards ; marginal land resources ; water resources ; contributions ; land use change ; comprehensive land carrying capacity ; land eco-security ; scale effects ; river basin ; Ghana ; urbanization ; groundwater recharge ; MicroLEIS DSS ; multiple stresses ; forest ; land use conflicts ; soil ; analytic hierarchy process ; heavy metal pollution assessment ; recharge ; environmental degradation ; spatial variation ; debris flow waste-shoal land ; Lankao county ; encounters of interests ; territorial development ; driving forces analysis ; land use policy ; climate conditions ; time series analysis ; arable soil ; urban area ; multi-criterion comprehensive evaluation ; Land Use ; agricultural and livestock products ; evapotranspiration ; hydrological processes ; Trnava district ; macromodel DNS/SWAT ; central Asia ; CA-Markov ; integrative landscape management ; Land use change ; land use and transformation ; weight ; Contemporary Yellow River Delta ; conjunctive water resources management ; set pair theory ; sustainability ; karst aquifer ; withdrawal of agricultural land ; sustainable development ; SWAT ; water resource management ; water footprint ; land-use planning ; Ecosystem service value ; Penman–Monteith equation ; cloud model ; groundwater flow field ; standard deviation ; temporal stability ; landscape as geosystem ; Gross Domestic Product ; geology ; territorial factors ; agriculture ; multi-dimension ; Groundwater ; conflicts ; Green GDP ; temporal-spatial variations ; relief ; recharge zones ; groundwater depth ; Nitrate Vulnerable Zones ; hydrologic modeling ; Managed Aquifer ; soil reclamation ; nitrogen ; discrete wavelet transform ; legislative factors ; developmental factors ; ungauged catchment ; rural households’ behaviors ; arid region ; land use/cover change ; spatialization ; sustainable agriculture ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The concept of sustainability has been intensively used over the last decades since Brundtland´s report was published in 1987. This concept, due to its transversal, horizontal and interdisciplinary nature, can be used in many disciplines, scenarios, spatio-temporal dimensions and different circumstances. The intensive development in recent years of analytical techniques and tools based on disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, information theory and the Internet of Things, among others, has meant we are very well-placed for analysing the sustainability of water systems in a multiperspective way. Water systems management requires the most advanced approaches and tools for rigorously addressing all the dimensions involved in the sustainability of its development. Consequently, addressing the sustainability of water systems management may comprise physical (natural processes), chemical, socioeconomic, legal, institutional, infrastructure (engineering), political and cultural aspects, among others. This Special Issue welcomes general and specific contributions that address the sustainability of water systems management considering its development. Special interest will be given to those contributions that consider tradeoffs and/or integration between some of the aspects or disciplines that drive the sustainability of water systems in the context of their management and development.
    Keywords: suspended solids ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; spectral imaging ; artificial neural networks ; water resource ; South Korean urban industry ; green use efficiency of industrial water (GUEIW) ; global non-radial directional distance function model (GNDDF) ; economic efficiency of industrial water use (ECEIW) ; environmental efficiency of industrial water use (ENEIW) ; water quality ; climate change ; Bayesian networks ; uncertainty ; multi-models ; prioritization ; geomorphometric parameters ; compound parameter ; geospatial distribution ; GIS ; GHGs ; aquatic factors ; random forest ; water temperature ; nitrogen ; sulfate ; concrete arch-dams ; stability scenarios ; deformation scenarios ; safety management ; sustainability assessment ; runoff ; temporal dependence ; rivers’ sustainability ; predictive methods ; causal reasoning ; runoff fractions ; water management ; contamination ; integrated water resources management ; groundwater ; pollution ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; transition management ; water safety plan ; aquifer management ; water governance ; irrigation ; unauthorized use ; barbate river basin ; biocalcarenites ; remote sensing ; citizen surveys ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; chemical oxygen demand (COD) ; wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has recently estimated that the world equid population exceeds 110 million. Working equids (horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules) remain essential to ensure the livelihood of poor communities around the world. In many developed countries, the equine industry has significant economical weight, with around 7 million horses in Europe alone. The close relationship between humans and equids and the fact that the athlete horse is the terrestrial mammal that travels the most worldwide after humans are important elements to consider in the transmission of pathogens and diseases, amongst equids and to other species. The potential effect of climate change on vector ecology and vector-borne diseases is also of concern for both human and animal health. In this Special Issue, we intend to explore our understanding of a panel of equine viruses, looking at their pathogenicity, their importance in terms of welfare and potential association with diseases, their economic importance and impact on performance, and how their identification can be helped by new technologies and methods.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; hematophagous arthropod ; n/a ; abortion ; hepacivirus A ; Borna disease virus ; virus transmission ; virus stock propagation ; nucleoprotein ; influenza A viruses ; equine parvovirus-hepatitis ; neuropathogenic strain ; sequencing ; arbovirus ; virome ; transmission ; Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 ; interspecies transmission ; respiratory disease ; outbreak ; ORF34 ; ORF33 ; vaccine strategies ; ORF30 ; flavivirus ; in utero transmission ; non-primate hepacivirus ; risk factors ; Animal Rule ; equine herpesvirus type 1 ; African horse sickness ; polymerase activity ; horse parvovirus-CSF ; insects ; equine hepacivirus ; horse ; Parvoviridae ; Equid herpesviruses ; phylogeny ; ORF68 ; virus structure ; PCR ; Germany ; equine rhinitis virus A ; loss of performance ; ELISA ; myeloencephalopathy ; strain selection ; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ; equine Mx1 ; enteric disease ; cDNA cloned virus ; fetuses ; Eqcopivirus ; equine coronavirus ; Ireland ; MxA ; genital wart ; equine papillomaviruses ; equine parvovirus H ; replication ; virus neutralization ; MLST ; mosquito-borne virus ; seroprevalence ; equine influenza ; rabies ; evolution ; spike S1 protein ; hepatitis ; Thoroughbred racehorses ; vaccine ; bosavirus ; encephalitis ; West Nile virus ; horses ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: From the beginning of this century, non-Saccharomyces yeasts have taken increased relevance in wine processing. Several biotechnological companies now produce non-Saccharomyces yeasts at an industrial level to improve aroma or flavor, stabilize wine, produce biological acidification, or conversely metabolize malic acid. Species like Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Kloeckera apiculata, Lachancea thermotolerans, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and several others are common due to the technological applications they have in sensory quality but also in wine ageing and stabilization. Moreover, spoilage non-Saccharomyces yeasts like Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, and Zygosacharomyces bailii are becoming important because of the alterations they are able to produce in high-quality wines. New strategies to control these defective yeasts have been developed to control them without affecting sensory quality. The knowledge of the physiology, ecology, biochemistry, and metabolomics of these yeasts can help to better use them in controlling traditional problems such as low fermentative power, excessive volatile acidity, low implantation under enological conditions, and sensibility to antimicrobial compounds like sulfites traditionally used in wine processing. This Special Issue intends to compile current research and revised information on non-Saccharomyces yeasts with enological applications to facilitate the use and the understanding of this biotechnological tool. In 1 year this SI has globally more than 15kdownloads and produced more than 30 citations.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; wine acidity ; pulcherrimin ; glycosidases ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; Saccharomycodes ludwigii ; sparkling wine ; processing foods ; non-Saccharomyces ; taxonomy ; Candida stellate ; wine quality ; Candida stellata ; non-Saccharomyces yeast ; Brettanomyces bruxellensis ; flavor complexity ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Wickerhamomyces anomalus ; Stermerella bacillaris ; mixed cultures fermentation ; oenological uses ; winemaking ; re-fermentation ; Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ; Torulaspora delbrueckii ; genetic improvement ; Zygotorulaspora florentina ; maloalcoholic fermentation ; high-ethanol ; mixed starters ; yeast ; wines ; non-Saccharomyces yeasts ; aroma compounds ; spoilage yeasts’ control ; metabolism ; acetate esters ; Pichia anomala ; wine ; sequential fermentations ; spoilage-control ; enzymes ; yeast dominance ; acidification ; ageing-on-lees ; Kluyveromyces thermotolerans ; co-fermentation ; biotechnological applications ; stable pigments ; ecology ; Pichia kudriavzevii ; Lachancea thermotolerans ; Metschnikowia pulcherrima ; biocontrol ; S. ludwigii ; Candida intermedia ; nitrogen ; yeast inoculation ; volatile acidity ; off-flavors ; malolactic bacteria ; wine safety ; genome ; Aureobasidium pullulans ; viticulture ; anthocyanin ; aroma ; antimicrobial peptides ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gene-encoded, ancient (and important) mediators of innate host defense that exert direct or indirect antimicrobial action as well as possessing other important biologic activities (e.g., neutralization of endotoxin and anti-biofilm action) that help to protect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants from invading pathogens. While the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant pathogens (and the desperate need to develop new anti-infectives) has been a recent force driving the field, interest in AMPs has an earlier origin in studies of how phagocytes kill bacteria by oxygen-independent processes. AMPs responsible for such killing of microbes by rabbit and human neutrophils were later purified by Ganz, Selsted and Lehrer, which they termed defensins; at the time of this writing, literally thousands of defensin-based publications can be found in the scientific literature! The initial reports on defensins and the earlier report by Boman’s group on the purification and action of an insect AMP represented a historical and defining point for the AMP field as they, in hindsight, demanded the recognition of AMP research as a unique discipline that has important linkages to other important fields of medicine, especially those of microbiology, infectious diseases and immunology. On a personal note, I remember conferences on phagocytes and host defense in the early 1980s where the topic of AMPs was relegated to one short session in a five day period! Now, we have hundreds of international “AMPologists” with expertise in chemistry, biochemistry, molecular and structural biology, cell biology, microbiology, pharmacology, or medicine who have built their research careers around AMPs and can now attend international conferences dedicated to advances in AMP research.
    Keywords: molecular biology ; synthesis ; bacterial diseases ; regulation ; inflammation ; host defense ; structure-function ; immune-modulation ; evolution ; antimicrobial peptides
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue on the Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils presents 31 new research papers on one of the most diverse and successful groups of animals on Earth, the beetle superfamily Curculionoidea. It was in part inspired to commemorate the extraordinary life and scientific achievements of Guillermo (“Willy”) Kuschel (1918–2017), who shaped this field of science over the last century like no other weevil systematist. The papers in this memorial issue span weevil faunas from all over the globe, including South and Central America, Africa, Europe and the Near East, South-East Asia, New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. They include major advances on the phylogeny and classification of the “broad-nosed” weevils (Entiminae), on the weevils associated with American cycads and on the unique extinct weevil fauna preserved in the 100-million-year-old Burmese amber, when weevils started to diversify alongside the oldest angiosperm plants. They comprise a tribute to Willy Kuschel, the proceedings of a weevil symposium held in his honor in 2016 in Orlando, Florida, 24 systematic studies (including seven phylogenetic analyses) and five other contributions on the diversity, biology, distribution, evolution and fossil history of weevils. In the papers collated in this volume, 30 new genera and 92 new species of weevils are described and a new family of extinct weevils is recognized.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Oxycoryninae ; structural alignment ; SH test ; Titilayo barclayi ; tectal aedeagus ; Urodontinae ; identification ; Aciphylla ; Urodontidius ; spatio-temporal diffusion ; Titilayo ; biological control ; systematics ; Pharaxonothinae ; spermatheca ; Namibia ; new taxa ; mt-Cox1 ; Curculionidae ; Poor Knights Islands ; Acentrusini ; silk production ; Kuschelorhynchus ; Titilayo perrinae ; diversity ; riparian ; ribosomal markers ; stable populations ; forest disturbance ; key ; biogeography ; Broad-nosed weevils ; Tanysphyrini ; Molytinae ; biography ; Chatham Islands ; diagnostics ; weevils ; Israel ; Australia ; publications ; Guillermo Kuschel ; specialist weevils ; target host ; molecular phylogenetics ; cycad pollination ; phytophagy ; combined evidence ; New Guinea ; Araceae ; adults ; amber preparation ; broad-nosed weevils ; Brachycerinae ; Eucalyptus ; Sclerocardius ; ecology ; tribal relationships ; fogging ; Rhyncolini ; Curculionoidea ; phenology ; Rhyncolina ; evolution ; invasive species ; co-dispersal through space and time ; CT scanning ; faunal inventories ; Titilayo geiseri ; aquatic ; mitochondrial genomes ; host plant ; taxonomy ; flightlessness ; larva ; life history ; Titilayo turneri ; weevil larvae ; 1K Weevils Project ; Borneo ; morphology ; invasive ; Spartecerus ; pollination ; DNA barcoding ; longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae) ; classification ; Aethiopacorep africanus ; South Africa ; phylogeny ; weevil fauna ; KH test ; tropical forest canopies ; Mesophyletidae ; neotype ; distribution ; mitochondrial COI ; semi-aquatic ; COI ; Entiminae ; mature larva ; homonym ; Alien ; Naupactini ; Syzygium ; Neotropical region ; galling habit ; Mimaulus ; Afroryzophilus ; genitalia ; Cossoninae ; Titilayo garnerae ; Sclerocardiini ; Titilayo takanoi ; Anchonini ; AU test ; Coleoptera ; fossils ; larvae ; Pinus radiata ; comparative morphology ; obituary ; parasitic plants ; Curculioninae ; Cryptoplini ; microclimate ; hygrophilous ; palm weevils ; weevil ; Papuan region ; Dichotrachelini ; Belidae ; new species ; Afrotropical region ; Patagonia ; Cape Verde ; Erotylidae ; species competition ; Hoop Pine ; Araucariaceae ; mimicry ; constraint analysis ; exotic ; elytro-tergal stridulation ; Titilayo saotomense ; integrative taxonomy ; biodiversity ; angiosperm associations ; non-target host ; Cretaceous ; Klinki Pine ; Macadamia ; Pantomorus-Naupactus complex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Viruses in the Parvoviridae family constitute one of the most diverse and intriguing fields of research. While they all share an ssDNA genome and a small capsid, they can differ widely in structure, genome organization and expression, virus–cell interaction, and impact on the host. Exploring such diversity and unraveling the inherent complexity in these apparently simple viruses is an ongoing endeavor and commitment for the scientific community. The translational implications of research on parvoviruses are relevant. Within the family, some viruses are important human and veterinary pathogens, in need of diagnostic methods and antiviral strategies; other viruses have long been studied and engineered as tools for oncolytic therapy, or as sophisticated gene delivery vectors, and can now display their wide and expanding applicative potential. This Special Issue of Viruses collects recent contributions in the field of parvovirus research, with a focus on new insights and research on unresolved issues, as well as new approaches exploiting systemic methodologies. Evolution, structural biology, viral replication, virus–host interaction, pathogenesis and immunity, and viral oncotherapy are a selection of the topics addressed in the issue that can be of relevance to the community involved in parvovirus research and of interest to a wider audience.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC109-216 ; antivirals ; Bombyx mori bidensovirus ; Bocaparvovirus ; human bocavirus 1 ; equine parvovirus-hepatitis ; NS2 ; NS1 ; X-ray crystallography ; BIRC3 (cIAP-2) ; glycans ; children ; antibody interactions ; new viruses ; alpaca ; cidofovir ; rodent protoparvoviruses ; clinical trials ; structural biology ; DNA virus ; human bocavirus ; caspase-3 ; viral communities ; uncoating ; PLA2 ; phospholipase-A2 ; oncolytic virus immune therapy ; Parvoviridae ; viral ecology ; Cryo-EM ; AAV ; metagenomics ; phylogeny ; oncolytic viruses ; mite ; parvovirus evolution ; Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 ; adeno-associated virus ; telbivudine ; capsid stability ; virus ; homology modeling ; human airway epithelia ; sequence analysis ; acute gastroenteritis ; bisulfite PCR ; next-generation sequencing ; single stranded DNA virus ; overlapping promoters ; virus diversity ; prognosis ; oncolytic activity ; genome ; hydroxyurea ; Lepidoptera ; genome externalization ; antiviral compounds ; circulating angiogenic cells ; tumor microenvironment ; coumarin derivatives ; nuclear targeting ; densovirus ; receptor interactions ; cell cycle arrest ; transcription profile ; brincidofovir ; canine parvovirus ; endogenous viral elements ; inflammatory cardiomyopathy ; erythroid progenitor cells ; RNA-seq ; insect ; chapparvovirus ; RT-qPCR ; trafficking ; AAV2 ; agricultural pests ; Adeno-associated virus ; myocarditis ; diagnosis ; parvovirus ; feline panleukopenia virus ; chitin ; B19V ; transcription mapping ; flavonoids ; immunomodulation ; erythrovirus ; apoptosis ; adenoviral vector ; anti-cancer ; divalent cations ; protease ; genetics ; preclinical ; arthropod ; peritrophins ; biocontrol ; dilated cardiomyopathy ; insect parvovirus ; combination therapies ; intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) ; virus phylogeny ; evolution ; second generation parvovirus treatments ; commercial horse serum ; parvovirus B19 ; canine chapparvovirus ; CpG methylation ; RACE ; H-1PV ; viral metagenomics ; horses ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Repetitive DNA is ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, and, in many species, comprises the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome, and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNA is often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in their identification, assembly, and quantification. New technologies and methods are now providing the unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNA is of particular interest because it can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNA forms essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, which are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, whereas others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and produce genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. Even these neutral repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; transgene ; zebra finch ; transcription ; endogenous retrovirus ; transposable element ; centromere drive ; arthropods ; PSR (Paternal sex ratio) ; Alu ; gene evolution ; nuclear rDNA ; epigenetics ; heterochromatin ; alpha satellite ; Su(Hw) ; repeated elements ; karyotype ; piRNA cluster ; gene duplication ; super-Mendelian ; estrildidae ; genomic conflict ; GC-content ; segregation ; CENP-A ; drift ; germline ; hobo ; I element ; repetitive DNA ; transposons ; human satellites ; retrotransposons ; genome assembly ; LTR retrotransposons ; satellite DNA ; structural variation ; selection ; host genome ; Uraeginthus cyanocephalus ; LINE-1 ; B chromosomes ; ERV ; arms race ; sequence variation ; secondary structure ; HeT-A and TART telomeric retrotransposons ; database ; genetic conflict ; coevolution ; ncRNAs (non coding RNAs) ; repeat ; centromeric transcription ; nucleolus ; satellite ; insulator ; Rhino ; population genetics ; centromere ; genome annotation ; horizontal transfer ; rRNA ; genome elimination ; genome evolution ; evolution ; chromosome evolution ; genome size ; genome ; drosophila ; transposable elements ; selfish elements ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book presents a series of articles devoted to modeling, simulation, and optimization of processes, mainly chemical. General methods for process modeling and numerical simulation are described with flowsheeting. Population balances are addressed in detail with application to crystal production; energy saving is frequently optimized, including exergy analysis. The coupling between process simulation and computational fluid dynamics is studied for air classification and bubble columns. Pressure swing adsorption, reactive distillation, and nanofiltration are explained in general and applied to particular processes. The synthesis of carbon dots is solved by the design of experiments method. A safety study addresses the consequences of gas explosion.
    Keywords: volume-based population balance model with fines dissolution ; quadrature method of moments ; orthogonal polynomials ; population balance equation ; dynamic flowsheet simulation ; transformation matrix ; process modelling ; agglomeration ; milling ; solids ; multidimensional distributed parameters ; nanofiltration ; total volume membrane charge density ; modeling DSPM model ; ceramic membrane ; ionic strength ; heavy oil reservoir ; in-situ combustion ; oil recovery ; numerical simulation ; pressure swing adsorption (PSA) ; carbon molecular sieve (CMS) ; adsorption ; nitrogen ; nitrogen generator ; tapioca ; response surface methodology ; artificial neural network ; carbon dots ; hydrothermal ; photoluminescence ; organic ; butyric anhydride ; single reactive distillation column ; internal material circulation ; dynamic control ; modeling ; optimization ; ultrafiltration ; membrane module ; cross-flow ; protein solution ; combination system ; flame acceleration simulator (FLACS) ; pipe length ; ignition position ; fault diagnosis ; distillation ; inverse problem ; parameter estimation ; turbo air classifier ; process parameters ; particle trajectory ; relative classification sharpness index ; ammonia production ; numerical modelling ; steam methane reforming ; simulation ; Formox Perstorp ; formalin ; fixed catalytic bed reactor ; silver catalyst ; metal oxide catalyst ; exergy ; advanced exergy analysis ; organic Rankine cycle ; regenerative cycle ; reactive distillation ; steady state simulation ; Inside–Out method ; CFD ; bubble plume ; oscillation and offset characteristic ; bubble ; gas–liquid flow ; process steam drive ; software linking ; heat pump ; propane–propylene separation ; steam network ; pressure and heat losses ; energy efficiency ; n/a ; co-processing ; bio-oil ; vacuum gas oil ; LCA ; Eco-indicator 99 ; FCC ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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