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  • global optimization  (117)
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  • 1
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    Springer
    Annals of operations research 98 (2000), S. 171-187 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: global optimization ; cutting angle method ; increasing positively homogeneous function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study a method for global optimization of increasing positively homogeneous functions over the unit simplex, which is a version of the cutting angle method. Some properties of the auxiliary subproblem are studied and a special algorithm for its solution is proposed. A cutting angle method based on this algorithm allows one to find an approximate solution of some problems of global optimization with 50 variables. Results of numerical experiments are discussed.
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  • 2
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    Journal of heuristics 6 (2000), S. 191-213 
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Keywords: genetic algorithm ; global optimization ; continuous variables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Genetic algorithms are stochastic search approaches based on randomized operators, such as selection, crossover and mutation, inspired by the natural reproduction and evolution of the living creatures. However, few published works deal with their application to the global optimization of functions depending on continuous variables. A new algorithm called Continuous Genetic Algorithm (CGA) is proposed for the global optimization of multiminima functions. In order to cover a wide domain of possible solutions, our algorithm first takes care over the choice of the initial population. Then it locates the most promising area of the solution space, and continues the search through an “intensification” inside this area. The selection, the crossover and the mutation are performed by using the decimal code. The efficiency of CGA is tested in detail through a set of benchmark multimodal functions, of which global and local minima are known. CGA is compared to Tabu Search and Simulated Annealing, as alternative algorithms.
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  • 3
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    Journal of heuristics 6 (2000), S. 405-418 
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Keywords: MOCO ; multiobjective optimization ; global optimization ; local search methods ; metaheuristics ; quad-trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new concept for generating approximations to the non-dominated set in multiobjective optimization problems. The approximation set A is constructed by solving several single-objective minimization problems in which a particular function D(A, z) is minimized. A new algorithm to calculate D(A, z) is proposed. No general approach is available to solve the one-dimensional optimization problems, but metaheuristics based on local search procedures are used instead. Tests with multiobjective combinatorial problems whose non-dominated sets are known confirm that CHESS can be used to approximate the non-dominated set. Straightforward parallelization of the CHESS approach is illustrated with examples. The algorithm to calculate D(A, z) can be used in any other applications that need to determine Tchebycheff distances between a point and a dominant-free set.
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  • 4
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 104 (2000), S. 301-322 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: global optimization ; multiplicative programming ; cutting plane ; nonconvex programming ; outcome space ; extreme-point search
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This article presents an outcome-space pure cutting-plane algorithm for globally solving the linear multiplicative programming problem. The framework of the algorithm is taken from a pure cutting-plane decision set-based method developed by Horst and Tuy for solving concave minimization problems. By adapting this method to an outcome-space reformulation of the linear multiplicative programming problem, rather than applying directly the method to the original decision-set formulation, it is expected that considerable computational savings can be obtained. Also, we show how additional computational benefits might be obtained by implementing the new algorithm appropriately. To illustrate the new algorithm, we apply it to the solution of a sample problem.
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  • 5
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 107 (2000), S. 391-414 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: diffusion networks ; image estimation ; global optimization ; simulated annealing ; weak convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This work is concerned with a numerical procedure for approximating an analog diffusion network. The key idea is to take advantage of the separable feature of the noise for the diffusion machine and use a parallel processing method to develop recursive algorithms. The asymptotic properties are studied. The main result of this paper is to establish the convergence of a continuous-time interpolation of the discrete-time algorithm to that of the analog diffusion network via weak convergence methods. The parallel processing feature of the network makes it attractive for solving large-scale optimization problems. Applications to image estimation are considered. Not only is this algorithm useful for the image estimation problems, but it is widely applicable to many related optimization problems.
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  • 6
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 107 (2000), S. 331-354 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: general quadratic programming problem with quadratic constraints ; global optimization ; branch-and-bound algorithms ; duality bounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this article is to develop a branch-and-bound algorithm using duality bounds for the general quadratically-constrained quadratic programming problem and having the following properties: (i) duality bounds are computed by solving ordinary linear programs; (ii) they are at least as good as the lower bounds obtained by solving relaxed problems, in which each nonconvex function is replaced by its convex envelope; (iii) standard convergence properties of branch-and-bound algorithms for nonconvex global optimization problems are guaranteed. Numerical results of preliminary computational experiments for the case of one quadratic constraint are reported.
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  • 7
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    Optimization and engineering 1 (2000), S. 373-397 
    ISSN: 1573-2924
    Keywords: global optimization ; nonconvex optimization ; software ; black box
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The paper considers global optimization of costly objective functions, i.e. the problem of finding the global minimum when there are several local minima and each function value takes considerable CPU time to compute. Such problems often arise in industrial and financial applications, where a function value could be a result of a time-consuming computer simulation or optimization. Derivatives are most often hard to obtain, and the algorithms presented make no use of such information. Several algorithms to handle the global optimization problem are described, but the emphasis is on a new method by Gutmann and Powell, A radial basis function method for global optimization. This method is a response surface method, similar to the Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) method of Jones. Our Matlab implementation of the Radial Basis Function (RBF) method is described in detail and we analyze its efficiency on the standard test problem set of Dixon-Szegö, as well as its applicability on a real life industrial problem from train design optimization. The results show that our implementation of the RBF algorithm is very efficient on the standard test problems compared to other known solvers, but even more interesting, it performs extremely well on the train design optimization problem.
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  • 8
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 104 (2000), S. 343-376 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: random search ; stochastic approximation ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new recursive algorithm for searching the global minimizer of a function is proposed when the function is observed with noise. The algorithm is based on switches between the stochastic approximation and the random search. The combination of SA with RS is not a new idea in such combination, the difficulty consists in creating a good switching rule and in designing an efficient method to reduce the noise effect. The proposed switching rule is easily realizable, the noise reducing method is effective, and the whole recursive optimization algorithm is simply calculated. It is proved that the algorithm a.s. converges to the global minimizer and is asymptotically normal. In comparison with existing methods, the proposed algorithm not only requires much weaker conditions, but also is more efficient as shown by simulation.
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  • 9
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 104 (2000), S. 691-716 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: simulated annealing ; cooling schedule ; global optimization ; convergence analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A class of simulated annealing algorithms for continuous global optimization is considered in this paper. The global convergence property is analyzed with respect to the objective value sequence and the minimum objective value sequence induced by simulated annealing algorithms. The convergence analysis provides the appropriate conditions on both the generation probability density function and the temperature updating function. Different forms of temperature updating functions are obtained with respect to different kinds of generation probability density functions, leading to different types of simulated annealing algorithms which all guarantee the convergence to the global optimum.
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  • 10
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 107 (2000), S. 355-389 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: global optimization ; reverse convex programming problem ; dual problem ; inner approximation method ; penalty function method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we consider a reverse convex programming problem constrained by a convex set and a reverse convex set, which is defined by the complement of the interior of a compact convex set X. We propose an inner approximation method to solve the problem in the case where X is not necessarily a polytope. The algorithm utilizes an inner approximation of X by a sequence of polytopes to generate relaxed problems. It is shown that every accumulation point of the sequence of optimal solutions of the relaxed problems is an optimal solution of the original problem.
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  • 11
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 107 (2000), S. 245-260 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: global optimization ; difference of convex functions ; location theory ; multiple-criteria decision making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we show that a DC representation can be obtained explicitly for the composition of a gauge with a DC mapping, so that the optimization of certain functions involving terms of this kind can be made by using standard DC optimization techniques. Applications to facility location theory and multiple-criteria decision making are presented.
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  • 12
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    Journal of global optimization 16 (2000), S. 1-21 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Mixed complementarity problems ; semismooth Newton method ; global optimization ; tunneling method ; filled function method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the theoretical and numerical properties of two global optimization techniques for the solution of mixed complementarity problems. More precisely, using a standard semismooth Newton-type method as a basic solver for complementarity problems, we describe how the performance of this method can be improved by incorporating two well-known global optimization algorithms, namely a tunneling and a filled function method. These methods are tested and compared with each other on a couple of very difficult test examples.
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  • 13
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 104 (2000), S. 121-133 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: global optimization ; simulated annealing ; convergence conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, simulated annealing algorithms for continuous global optimization are considered. After a review of recent convergence results from the literature, a class of algorithms is presented for which strong convergence results can be proved without introducing assumptions which are too restrictive. The main idea of the paper is that of relating both the temperature value and the support dimension of the next candidate point, so that they are small at points with function value close to the current record and bounded away from zero otherwise.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 105 (2000), S. 37-54 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: multiple-criteria decision making ; efficient set ; global optimization ; branch-and-bound methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents a finite branch-and-bound variant of an outcome-based algorithm proposed by Benson and Lee for minimizing a lower-semicontinuous function over the efficient set of a bicriteria linear programming problem. Similarly to the Benson-Lee algorithm, we work primarily in the outcome space. Dissimilarly, instead of constructing a sequence of consecutive efficient edges in the outcome space, we use the idea of generating a refining sequence of partitions covering the at most two-dimensional efficient set in the outcome space. Computational experience is also presented.
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  • 15
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 107 (2000), S. 145-168 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: diagonal algorithms ; partitioning ; minimal description ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the problem of the minimal description of the structure offunctional f(x) over an N-dimensional interval is considered. Thedescription is obtained by applying diagonal algorithms, i.e., proceduressequentially partitioning the given hyperinterval and evaluating f(x)at the vertices corresponding to the main diagonal of each generatedsubinterval. Two partition strategies traditionally used for solving thisproblem are analyzed and it is demonstrated that using them can result ina high number of redundant evaluations of the functional f(x). Anew efficient partition strategy is proposed; it reduces considerably thenumber of evaluations of f(x) and the memory complexity.
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  • 16
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    Methodology and computing in applied probability 1 (1999), S. 127-190 
    ISSN: 1387-5841
    Keywords: combinatorial optimization ; global optimization ; importance sampling ; markov chain monte carlo ; simulated annealing ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a new and fast method, called the cross-entropy method, for finding the optimal solution of combinatorial and continuous nonconvex optimization problems with convex bounded domains. To find the optimal solution we solve a sequence of simple auxiliary smooth optimization problems based on Kullback-Leibler cross-entropy, importance sampling, Markov chain and Boltzmann distribution. We use importance sampling as an important ingredient for adaptive adjustment of the temperature in the Boltzmann distribution and use Kullback-Leibler cross-entropy to find the optimal solution. In fact, we use the mode of a unimodal importance sampling distribution, like the mode of beta distribution, as an estimate of the optimal solution for continuous optimization and Markov chains approach for combinatorial optimization. In the later case we show almost surely convergence of our algorithm to the optimal solution. Supporting numerical results for both continuous and combinatorial optimization problems are given as well. Our empirical studies suggest that the cross-entropy method has polynomial in the size of the problem running time complexity.
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  • 17
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 50 (1999), S. 121-134 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Key words: Risk measurement ; global optimization ; quadratic programming ; nonlinear programming ; polynomial-approximation algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Effective risk management requires adequate risk measurement. A basic problem herein is the quantification of market risks: what is the overall effect on a portfolio if market rates change? First, a mathematical problem statement is given and the concept of `Maximum Loss' (ML) is introduced as a method for identifying the worst case in a given set of scenarios, called `Trust Region'. Next, a technique for calculating efficiently the Maximum Loss for quadratic functions is described; the algorithm is based on the Levenberg-Marquardt theorem, which reduces the high dimensional optimization problem to a one dimensional root finding.  Following this, the idea of the `Maximum Loss Path' is presented: repetitive calculation of ML for growing trust regions leads to a sequence of worst case scenarios, which form a complete path; similarly, the path of `Maximum Profit' (MP) can be determined. Finally, all these concepts are applied to nonquadratic portfolios: so-called `Dynamic Approximations' are used to replace arbitrary profit and loss functions by a sequence of quadratic functions, which can be handled with efficient solution procedures. A description of the overall algorithm rounds off the discussion of nonlinear portfolios.
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  • 18
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 103 (1999), S. 1-43 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: DC functions ; DC programming ; global optimization ; nonconvex programming ; optimality conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical programming problems dealing with functions, each of which can be represented as a difference of two convex functions, are called DC programming problems. The purpose of this overview is to discuss main theoretical results, some applications, and solution methods for this interesting and important class of programming problems. Some modifications and new results on the optimality conditions and development of algorithms are also presented.
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  • 19
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 102 (1999), S. 289-298 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Concave minimization ; γ-valid cut ; Tuy cut ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The concept of a γ-valid cutting plane has been used in many types of algorithms for solving concave minimization problems. Unfortunately, the procedures proposed to date for constructing these cuts are valid only under certain assumptions that often may not hold in practice. Chief among these is the requirement that the feasible region of the concave minimization problem in question have full dimension, and that the objective function of this problem be concave rather than quasiconcave. In this article, we propose, validate, and show how to implement a more general γ-valid cutting plane procedure which eliminates these restrictions.
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    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 8 (1998), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: deterministic annealing ; global optimization ; M-estimator ; motion analysis ; robust statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A robust method is presented for computing rotation angles of image sequences from a set of corresponding points containing outliers. Assuming known rotation axis, a least-squares (LS) solution are derived to compute the rotation angle from a clean data set of point correspondences. Since clean data is not guaranteed, we introduce a robust solution, based on the M-estimator, to deal with outliers. Then we present an enhanced robust algorithm, called the annealing M-estimator (AM-estimator), for reliable robust estimation. The AM-estimator has several attractive advantages over the traditional M-estimator: By definition, the AM-estimator involves neither scale estimator nor free parameters and hence avoids instabilities therein. Algorithmically, it uses a deterministic annealing technique to approximate the global solution regardless of the initialization. Experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the LS, M- and AM-estimators for the angle estimation. Experiments show that in the presence of outliers, the M-estimator outperforms the LS estimator and the AM-estimator outperforms the M-estimator.
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  • 21
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    Journal of global optimization 12 (1998), S. 101-104 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Increasing functional ; integral functional ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note we introduce a suitable class of functionals, including the class of integral functionals, and prove that any (strict) local minimum of a functional of this class, defined on a decomposable space, is a (strict) global minimum. So, the recent result obtained by Giner in [1] is specified and extended.
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  • 22
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 97 (1998), S. 211-227 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Homotopy ; relaxation ; trajectory tracking ; global optimization ; roots ; nonlinear equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Two generalized trajectory methods are combined to provide a novel and powerful numerical procedure for systematically finding multiple local extrema of a multivariable objective function. This procedure can form part of a strategy for global optimization in which the greatest local maximum and least local minimum in the interior of a specified region are compared to the largest and smallest values of the objective function on the boundary of the region. The first trajectory method, a homotopy scheme, provides a globally convergent algorithm to find a stationary point of the objective function. The second trajectory method, a relaxation scheme, starts at one stationary point and systematically connects other stationary points in the specified region by a network of trjectories. It is noted that both generalized trajectory methods actually solve the stationarity conditions, and so they can also be used to find multiple roots of a set of nonlinear equations.
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    Journal of global optimization 12 (1998), S. 61-99 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Discrete Lagrangian methods ; global optimization ; satisfiability ; NP-completeness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Satisfiability is a class of NP-complete problems that model a wide range of real-world applications. These problems are difficult to solve because they have many local minima in their search space, often trapping greedy search methods that utilize some form of descent. In this paper, we propose a new discrete Lagrange-multiplier-based global-search method (DLM) for solving satisfiability problems. We derive new approaches for applying Lagrangian methods in discrete space, we show that an equilibrium is reached when a feasible assignment to the original problem is found and present heuristic algorithms to look for equilibrium points. Our method and analysis provides a theoretical foundation and generalization of local search schemes that optimize the objective alone and penalty-based schemes that optimize the constraints alone. In contrast to local search methods that restart from a new starting point when a search reaches a local trap, the Lagrange multipliers in DLM provide a force to lead the search out of a local minimum and move it in the direction provided by the Lagrange multipliers. In contrast to penalty-based schemes that rely only on the weights of violated constraints to escape from local minima, DLM also uses the value of an objective function (in this case the number of violated constraints) to provide further guidance. The dynamic shift in emphasis between the objective and the constraints, depending on their relative values, is the key of Lagrangian methods. One of the major advantages of DLM is that it has very few algorithmic parameters to be tuned by users. Besides the search procedure can be made deterministic and the results reproducible. We demonstrate our method by applying it to solve an extensive set of benchmark problems archived in DIMACS of Rutgers University. DLM often performs better than the best existing methods and can achieve an order-of-magnitude speed-up for some problems.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 98 (1998), S. 17-35 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multiple-objective linear programming ; vector maximization ; efficient set ; outcome set ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Various difficulties arise in using decision set-based vector maximization methods to solve a multiple-objective linear programming problem (MOLP). Motivated by these difficulties, some researchers in recent years have begun to develop tools for analyzing and solving problem (MOLP) in outcome space, rather than in decision space. In this article, we present and validate a new hybrid vector maximization approach for solving problem (MOLP) in outcome space. The approach systematically integrates a simplicial partitioning technique into an outer approximation procedure to yield an algorithm that generates the set of all efficient extreme points in the outcome set of problem (MOLP) in a finite number of iterations. Some key potential practical and computational advantages of the approach are indicated.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 98 (1998), S. 83-108 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Concave minimization ; reverse convex programs ; non-convex optimization ; global optimization ; test problems ; linear programming ; nonlinear programming ; computational experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a method for constructing test problems with known global solutions for concave minimization under linear constraints with an additional convex constraint and for reverse convex programs with an additional convex constraint. The importance of such a construction can be realized from the fact that the well known d.c. programming problem can be formulated in this form. Then, the method is further extended to generate test problems with more than one convex constraint, tight or untight at the global solution.
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    Letters in mathematical physics 41 (1997), S. 265-277 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: gauge fields ; infrared singularities ; covariant quantization ; generalized distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a simple and general method for constructing Wick-ordered entire functions of free fields with an indefinite metric, based on using an appropriate generalization of the Paley–Wiener–Schwartz theorem.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 94 (1997), S. 487-510 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multiplicative programming ; global optimization ; concave minimization ; efficient points ; heuristic algorithms ; multiple objectives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Multiplicative programming problems are difficult global optimization problems known to be NP-hard. At the same time, these problems have some important applications in engineering, finance, economics, and other fields. This article has two purposes. The first is to present an analysis that shows several relationships between concave multiplicative programs and concave minimization problems, and between concave multiplicative programs and certain multiple-objective mathematical programs. The second purpose is to propose and report computational results for a heuristic efficient-point search algorithm that we have designed for use on linear multiplicative programming problems. To our knowledge, this is the first heuristic algorithm of its type. The theoretical and algorithmic results given in the article offer some potentially important new avenues for analyzing and solving multiplicative programming problems of various types.
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    Journal of global optimization 10 (1997), S. 37-55 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: global optimization ; random search ; Cauchy distributions.
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This article presents a new algorithm, called the’’Hyperbell Algorithm‘‘, that searches for the global extrema ofnumerical functions of numerical variables. The algorithm relies on theprinciple of a monotone improving random walk whose steps aregenerated around the current position according to a gradually scaleddown Cauchy distribution. The convergence of the algorithm is provenand its rate of convergence is discussed. Its performance is tested onsome ’’hard‘‘ test functions and compared to that of other recentalgorithms and possible variants. An experimental study of complexityis also provided, and simple tuning procedures for applications areproposed.
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    Journal of global optimization 10 (1997), S. 425-437 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Nonlinear 0–1 optimization ; linearization ; convex envelope ; concave extension ; bilinear programming ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Convex envelopes of multilinear functions on a unit hypercube arepolyhedral. This well-known fact makes the convex envelopeapproximation very useful in the linearization of non-linear 0–1programming problems and in global bilinear optimization. This paperpresents necessary and sufficient conditions for a convex envelope to be apolyhedral function and illustrates how these conditions may be used inconstructing of convex envelopes. The main result of the paper is a simpleanalytical formula, which defines some faces of the convex envelope of amultilinear function. This formula proves to be a generalization of the wellknown convex envelope formula for multilinear monomial functions.
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    Journal of global optimization 11 (1997), S. 35-53 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Molecular conformation ; global optimization ; Lennard-Jones cluster
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning putative global minima of the potential energy function for Lennard-Jones clusters, an intensely studied molecular conformation problem. Almost all known exceptions to global optimality of the well-known Northby multilayer icosahedral conformations for microclusters are shown to be minor variants of that geometry. The truly exceptional case of face-centered cubic lattice conformations is examined and connections are made with the macrocluster problem. Several types of algorithms and their limitations are explored, and a new variation on the growth sequence idea is presented and shown to be effective for both small and large clusters.
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    Journal of global optimization 11 (1997), S. 409-432 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Location Theory ; global optimization ; discretization ; geometrical algorithms
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Given a finite set of points in the plane anda forbidden region $$\mathcal{R}$$ , we want to find a point $$X \notin \operatorname{int} (\mathcal{R})$$ , such thatthe weighted sum to all given points is minimized.This location problem is a variant of the well-known Weber Problem, where wemeasure the distance by polyhedral gauges and alloweach of the weights to be positive ornegative. The unit ballof a polyhedral gauge may be any convex polyhedron containingthe origin. This large class of distance functions allows verygeneral (practical) settings – such as asymmetry – to be modeled. Each given point isallowed to have its own gaugeand the forbidden region $$\mathcal{R}$$ enables us to include negative information in the model. Additionallythe use of negative and positive weights allows to include thelevel of attraction or dislikeness of a new facility.Polynomial algorithms and structural properties for this globaloptimization problem (d.c. objective function and anon-convex feasible set) based on combinatorial and geometrical methodsare presented.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 93 (1997), S. 547-556 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Quadratic functionals ; quadratic equality constraints ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we investigate a constrained optimization problem with a quadratic cost functional and two quadratic equality constraints. It is assumed that the cost functional is positive definite and that the constraints are both feasible and regular (but otherwise they are unrestricted quadratic functions). Thus, the existence of a global constrained minimum is assured. We develop a necessary and sufficient condition that completely characterizes the global minimum cost. Such a condition is of essential importance in iterative numerical methods for solving the constrained minimization problem, because it readily distinguishes between local minima and global minima and thus provides a stopping criterion for the computation. The result is similar to one obtained previously by the authors. In the previous result, we gave a characterization of the global minimum of a constrained quadratic minimization problem in which the cost functional was an arbitrary quadratic functional (as opposed to positive-definite here) and the constraints were at least positive-semidefinite quadratic functions (as opposed to essentially unrestricted here).
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 92 (1997), S. 605-631 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multiple-objective optimization ; utility function programs ; global optimization ; branch-and-bound algorithms
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Natural basic concepts in multiple-objective optimization lead to difficult multiextremal global optimization problems. Examples include detection of efficient points when nonconvexities occur, and optimization of a linear function over the efficient set in the convex (even linear) case. Assuming that a utility function exists allows one to replace in general the multiple-objective program by a single, nonconvex optimization problem, which amounts to a minimization over the efficient set when the utility function is increasing. A new algorithm is discussed for this utility function program which, under natural mild conditions, converges to an ∈-approximate global solution in a finite number of iterations. Applications include linear, convex, indefinite quadratic, Lipschitz, and d.c. objectives and constraints.
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    Journal of global optimization 10 (1997), S. 185-206 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: global optimization ; parallel computations ; characteristicalalgorithms
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    Notes: Abstract A class of parallel characteristical algorithms for global optimization ofone-dimensional multiextremal functions is introduced. General convergence andefficiency conditions for the algorithms of the class introduced areestablished. A generalization for the multidimensional case is considered.Examples of parallel characteristical algorithms and numerical experiments arepresented.
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    Journal of global optimization 10 (1997), S. 229-256 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Generalized convex multiplicative programming ; conical partition ; global optimization ; branch-and-bound.
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    Notes: Abstract We present a new method for minimizing the sum of a convex function and aproduct of k nonnegative convex functions over a convex set. This problem isreduced to a k-dimensional quasiconcave minimization problem which is solvedby a conical branch-and-bound algorithm. Comparative computational results areprovided on test problems from the literature.
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    Journal of global optimization 11 (1997), S. 91-105 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Molecular conformation ; global optimization ; Lennard-Jones cluster
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a new global optimization approach for solving exactly or inexactly constrained distance geometry problems. Distance geometry problems are concerned with determining spatial structures from measurements of internal distances. They arise in the structural interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance data and in the prediction of protein structure. These problems can be naturally formulated as global optimization problems which generally are large and difficult. The global optimization method that we present is related to our previous stochastic/perturbation global optimization methods for finding minimum energy configurations, but has several key differences that are important to its success. Our computational results show that the method readily solves a set of artificial problems introduced by Moré and Wu that have up to 343 atoms. On a set of considerably more difficult protein fragment problems introduced by Hendrickson, the method solves all the problems with up to 377 atoms exactly, and finds nearly exact solution for all the remaining problems which have up to 777 atoms. These preliminary results indicate that this approach has very good promise for helping to solve distance geometry problems.
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    Journal of global optimization 11 (1997), S. 313-324 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Nonconcex function ; global optimization ; genetic algorithms ; searchdirection ; Rosenbrock functions
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing a function in severalvariables which could be multimodal and may possess discontinuities. A newalgorithm for the problem based on the genetic technique is developed. Thealgorithm is hybrid in nature in the sense that it utilizes the genetictechnique to generate search directions, which are used in an optimizationscheme and is thus different from any other methods in the literature.The algorithm has been tested on the Rosenbrock valley functions in 2 and 4dimensions, and multimodal functions in 2 and 4 dimensions, which are of ahigh degree of difficulty. The results are compared with the Adaptive RandomSearch, and Simulated Annealing algorithms. The performance of the algorithmis also compared to recent global algorithms in terms of the number offunctional evaluations needed to obtain a global minimum and results show thatthe proposed algorithm is better than these algorithms on a set of standardtest problems. It seems that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust.
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    Journal of global optimization 11 (1997), S. 341-359 
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    Keywords: Stochastic optimization ; nonlinear optimization ; global optimization ; genetic algorithm ; evolution strategy
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    Notes: Abstract A new heuristic approach for minimizing possiblynonlinear and non-differentiable continuous spacefunctions is presented. By means of an extensivetestbed it is demonstrated that the new methodconverges faster and with more certainty than manyother acclaimed global optimization methods. The newmethod requires few control variables, is robust, easyto use, and lends itself very well to parallelcomputation.
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    Journal of global optimization 10 (1997), S. 165-184 
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    Keywords: global optimization ; eclipsing binary stars
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    Notes: Abstract We present an algorithm for finding a global minimum of a multimodal,multivariate function whose evaluation is very expensive, affected by noise andwhose derivatives are not available. The proposed algorithm is a new version ofthe well known Price's algorithm and its distinguishing feature is that ittries to employ as much as possible the information about the objectivefunction obtained at previous iterates. The algorithm has been tested on alarge set of standard test problems and it has shown a satisfactorycomputational behaviour. The proposed algorithm has been used to solveefficiently some difficult optimization problems deriving from the study ofeclipsing binary star light curves.
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    Annals of operations research 63 (1996), S. 151-188 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Tabu search ; local search ; approximate algorithms ; heuristics ; global optimization ; stochastic minimization ; hybrid algorithms
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A novel algorithm for the global optimization of functions (C-RTS) is presented, in which a combinatorial optimization method cooperates with a stochastic local minimizer. The combinatorial optimization component, based on the Reactive Tabu Search recently proposed by the authors, locates the most promising “boxes”, in which starting points for the local minimizer are generated. In order to cover a wide spectrum of possible applications without user intervention, the method is designed with adaptive mechanisms: the box size is adapted to the local structure of the function to be optimized, the search parameters are adapted to obtain a proper balance of diversification and intensification. The algorithm is compared with some existing algorithms, and the experimental results are presented for a variety of benchmark tasks.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 91 (1996), S. 617-641 
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    Keywords: Lagrangian duality ; global optimization ; concave minimization ; penalty methods
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    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the global optimization problem of minimizing a concave function subject to linear constraints and an additional facial reverse convex constraint. Here, the feasible set is the union of some faces of the polyhedron determined by the linear constraints. Several well-known mathematical problems can be written or transformed into the form considered. The paper addresses the Lagrangian duality of the problem. It is shown that, under slight assumptions, the duality gap can be closed with a finite dual multiplier. Finite methods based on solving concave minimization problems are also proposed. We deal with the advantages accrued when outer approximation, cutting plane, or branch-and-bound methods are used for solving these subproblems.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 91 (1996), S. 185-214 
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    Keywords: Gradient methods ; Liapunov direct methods ; global optimization ; stability under perturbations
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The steepest-descent technique dealing with the perturbed values of the objective function and its gradients and with nonexact line searches is considered. Attention is given to the case where the perturbations do not decrease on the algorithm trajectories; the aim is to investigate how perturbations at every iteration of the algorithm perturb its original attractor set. Based on the Liapunov direct method for attraction analysis of discrete-time processes, a sharp estimation of the attractor set generated by a perturbed steepest-descent technique with respect to the perturbation magnitudes is obtained. Some global optimization properties of finite-difference analogues of the gradient method are discovered. These properties are not inherent in methods which use exact gradients.
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    Journal of global optimization 8 (1996), S. 235-243 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Bilevel programming problem ; nonconvex programming ; test problems ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract A method of constructing test problems for linear bilevel programming problems is presented. The method selects a vertex of the feasible region, ‘far away’ from the solution of the relaxed linear programming problem, as the global solution of the bilevel problem. A predetermined number of constraints are systematically selected to be assigned to the lower problem. The proposed method requires only local vertex search and solutions to linear programs.
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    Journal of global optimization 9 (1996), S. 65-93 
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    Keywords: Concave minimization ; branch and bound ; simplicial subdivisions ; triangulation ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this article, our primary concern is the classical problem of minimizing globally a concave function over a compact polyhedron (Problem (P)). We present a new simplicial branch and bound approach, which combines triangulations of intersections of simplices with halfspaces and ideas from outer approximation in such a way, that a class of finite algorithms for solving (P) results. For arbitrary compact convex feasible sets one obtains a not necessarily finite but convergent algorithm. Theoretical investigations include determination of the number of simplices in each applied triangulation step and bounds on the number of iterations in the resulting algorithms. Preliminary numerical results are given, and additional applications are sketched.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 88 (1996), S. 77-105 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multiple criteria decision making ; efficient set ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This article presents a finite, outcome-based algorithm for optimizing a lower semicontinuous function over the efficient set of a bicriteria linear programming problem. The algorithm searches the efficient faces of the outcome set of the bicriteria linear programming problem. It exploits the fact that the dimension of the outcome set of the bicriteria problem is at most two. As a result, in comparison to decisionbased approaches, the number of efficient faces that need to be found is markedly reduced. Furthermore, the dimensions of the efficient faces found are always at most one. The algorithm can be implemented for a wide variety of lower semicontinuous objective functions.
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    Journal of global optimization 8 (1996), S. 67-80 
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    Keywords: Concave minimization ; global optimization ; production-transportation problem ; resource allocation problem ; dynamic programming
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses a method for solving two classes of production-transportation problems with concave production cost. By exploiting a special network structure both problems are reduced to a kind of resource allocation problem. It is shown that the resultant problem can be solved by using dynamic programming in time polynomial in the number of supply and demand points and the total demand.
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    Journal of global optimization 9 (1996), S. 153-167 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Reverse convex programs ; nonconvex optimization ; global optimization ; test problem generation ; linear programming ; nonlinear programming ; computational experiments
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents computational experience with a rather straight forward implementation of an edge search algorithm for obtaining the globally optimal solution for linear programs with an additional reverse convex constraint. The paper's purpose is to provide a collection of problems, with known optimal solutions, and performance information for an edge search implementation so that researchers may have some benchmarks with which to compare new methods for reverse convex programs or concave minimization problems. There appears to be nothing in the literature that provides computational experience with a basic edge search procedure. The edge search implementation uses a depth first strategy. As such, this paper's implementation of the edge search algorithm is a modification of Hillestad's algorithm [11]. A variety of test problems is generated by using a modification of the method of Sung and Rosen [20], as well as a new method that is presented in this paper. Test problems presented may be obtained at ftp://newton.ee.ucla.edu/nonconvex/pub/.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Environment-economy integration ; industrial waste management ; “black box” systems design ; global optimization ; decision support systems
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Sustainable economic development requires the inclusion of environmental factors in the decision making procedure. The generic objective of the Environmentally Sensitive Investment System (ESIS) Project is to provide industry and governmental departments or agencies with a tool to assess the technical and economic implications of capital-intensive projects, in response to stated environmental policies. More specifically, the ESIS prototype helps to find wastewater management alternatives that meet given environmental regulatory standards in a technologically sound and cost-efficient manner. The use of this decision support system will enhance the ability of managers and planners to explore the quantitative implications of a wide range of options. ESIS incorporates a combination of artificial intelligence and operations research techniques, database management and visualization tools, integrated under a graphical user interface. The ESIS prototype runs on top-of-the-line personal computers.
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    Journal of global optimization 6 (1995), S. 179-191 
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    Keywords: Product of two fractional functions ; global optimization ; branch and bound ; adaptive branching ; efficiency
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    Notes: Abstract Two algorithms for finding a global minimum of the product of two affine fractional functions over a compact convex set and solving linear fractional programs with an additional constraint defined by the product of two affine fractional functions are proposed. The algorithms are based on branch and bound techniques using an adaptive branching operation which takes place in one-dimensional intervals. Results from numerical experiments show that large scale problems can be efficiently solved by the proposed methods.
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    Journal of global optimization 7 (1995), S. 209-227 
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    Keywords: Facility location ; d.c optimization ; global optimization ; nondifferentiable optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The single facility location problem with general attraction and repulsion functions is considered. An algorithm based on a representation of the objective function as the difference of two convex (d.c.) functions is proposed. Convergence to a global solution of the problem is proven and extensive computational experience with an implementation of the procedure is reported for up to 100,000 points. The procedure is also extended to solve conditional and limited distance location problems. We report on limited computational experiments on these extensions.
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    Journal of global optimization 7 (1995), S. 279-295 
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    Keywords: Alterable digraphs ; global optimization ; approximation ; NP-hardness
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Analterable digraph is a digraph with a subset of its edges marked alterable and their orientations left undecided. We say that an alterable digraph has an invariant ofk on the length of the longest circuit if it has a circuit of length at leastk regardless of the orientations over its alterable edges. Computing the maximum invariant on the length of the longest circuit in an alterable digraph is aglobal optimization problem. We show that it is hard to approximate the global optimal solution for the maximum invariant problem.
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    Journal of global optimization 6 (1995), S. 87-105 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Nonlinear programming ; global optimization ; d.c. programming ; outer approximation ; system of d.c. inequalities ; (ɛ, η)-solution ; fuel mixture problem
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a numerical method for solving the d.c. programming problem $$c^* = \min \{ \langle c,x\rangle s.t. f_i (x) \leqslant 0, i = 1,...,m, x \in D\} $$ wherefi, i=1,...,m are d.c. (difference of two convex functions) and D is a convex set in ℝn. An (ɛ, η)-solutionx(ɛ, η) satisfying $$x(\varepsilon ,\eta ) \in D, \langle c,x(\varepsilon ,\eta )\rangle \leqslant c^* + \varepsilon , f_i (x(\varepsilon ,\eta )) \leqslant \eta , i = 1,...,m,$$ can be found after a finite number of iterations. This algorithm combines an outer approximation procedure for solving a system of d.c. inequalities with a simple general scheme for minimizing a linear function over a compact set. As an application we discuss the numerical solution of a fuel mixture problem (encountered in the oil industry).
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    Numerical algorithms 9 (1995), S. 13-24 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Constrained optimization ; global optimization ; molecular dynamics ; Newtonian dynamics ; potential transformation methods ; PT methods ; 49D10 ; 90C30 ; 70D05
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several techniques for global optimization treat the objective functionf as a force-field potential. In the simplest case, trajectories of the differential equationmx=−Δf sample regions of low potential while retaining the energy to surmount passes which might block the way to regions of even lower local minima. Apotential transformation is an increasing functionV:ℝ→ℝ. It determines a new potentialg=V(f), with the same minimizers asf and new trajectories satisfying $$m\ddot x = - \nabla g = - (dV/df)\nabla f$$ . We discuss a class of potential transformations that greatly increase the attractiveness of low local minima. These methods can be applied to constrained problems through the use of Lagrange multipliers. We discuss several methods for efficiently computing approximate Lagrange multipliers, making this approach practical.
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    Journal of global optimization 6 (1995), S. 313-319 
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    Keywords: Multiplicative objective functions ; c-programming ; parametric programming ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note we show that many classes of global optimization problems can be treated most satisfactorily by classical optimization theory and conventional algorithms. We focus on the class of problems involving the minimization of the product of several convex functions on a convex set which was studied recently by Kunoet al. [3]. It is shown that these problems are typical composite concave programming problems and thus can be handled elegantly by c-programming [4]–[8] and its techniques.
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    Journal of global optimization 6 (1995), S. 231-251 
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    Keywords: Multiple objective mathematical programming ; global optimization ; efficient points ; faces ; convex geometry
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    Notes: Abstract This article performs a geometrical analysis of the efficient outcome setY E of a multiple objective convex program (MLC) with linear criterion functions. The analysis elucidates the facial structure ofY E and of its pre-image, the efficient decision setX E . The results show thatY E often has a significantly-simpler structure thanX E . For instance, although both sets are generally nonconvex and their maximal efficient faces are always in one-to-one correspondence, large numbers of extreme points and faces inX E can map into non-facial subsets of faces inY E , but not vice versa. Simple tests for the efficiency of faces in the decision and outcome sets are derived, and certain types of faces in the decision set are studied that are immune to a common phenomenon called “collapsing”. The results seem to indicate that significant computational benefits may potentially be derived if algorithms for problem (MLC) were to work directly with the outcome set of the problem to find points and faces ofY E , rather than with the decision set.
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    Journal of global optimization 6 (1995), S. 215-230 
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    Keywords: Quadratic constraints ; quadratic programming ; relaxation linearization technique ; branch and bound ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present an algorithm for finding approximate global solutions to quadratically constrained quadratic programming problems. The method is based on outer approximation (linearization) and branch and bound with linear programming subproblems. When the feasible set is non-convex, the infinite process can be terminated with an approximate (possibly infeasible) optimal solution. We provide error bounds that can be used to ensure stopping within a prespecified feasibility tolerance. A numerical example illustrates the procedure. Computational experiments with an implementation of the procedure are reported on bilinearly constrained test problems with up to sixteen decision variables and eight constraints.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 243-263 
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    Keywords: Linear two-level program ; global optimization ; Stackelberg game ; quasiconcave minimization ; branch and bound ; outer approximation ; subdivision procedure
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the linear two-level problem is considered. The problem is reformulated to an equivalent quasiconcave minimization problem, via a reverse convex transformation. A branch and bound algorithm is developed which takes the specific structure into account and combines an outer approximation technique with a subdivision procedure.
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    Journal of global optimization 5 (1994), S. 101-126 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Continuous simulated annealing ; adaptive cooling ; random search ; global optimization ; Monte Carlo optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Hide-and-Seek is a powerful yet simple and easily implemented continuous simulated annealing algorithm for finding the maximum of a continuous function over an arbitrary closed, bounded and full-dimensional body. The function may be nondifferentiable and the feasible region may be nonconvex or even disconnected. The algorithm begins with any feasible interior point. In each iteration it generates a candidate successor point by generating a uniformly distributed point along a direction chosen at random from the current iteration point. In contrast to the discrete case, a single step of this algorithm may generateany point in the feasible region as a candidate point. The candidate point is then accepted as the next iteration point according to the Metropolis criterion parametrized by anadaptive cooling schedule. Again in contrast to discrete simulated annealing, the sequence of iteration points converges in probability to a global optimum regardless of how rapidly the temperatures converge to zero. Empirical comparisons with other algorithms suggest competitive performance by Hide-and-Seek.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 81 (1994), S. 343-354 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Reverse convex programming ; nonconvex programming ; nonlinear programming ; linear programming ; test problems ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A method of constructing test problems with known global solution for a class of reverse convex programs or linear programs with an additional reverse convex constraint is presented. The initial polyhedron is assumed to be a hypercube. The method then systematically generates cuts that slice the cube in such a way that a prespecified global solution on its edge remains intact. The proposed method does not require the solution of linear programs or systems of linear equations as is often required by existing techniques.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Multidimensional bisection ; deterministic ; global optimization ; mathematical programming ; search
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Optimization methods for a given class are easily modified to utilize additional information and work faster on a more restricted class. In particular algorithms that use only the Lipschitz constant (e.g. Mladineo, Piyavskii, Shubert and Wood) can be modified to use second derivative bounds or gradient calculations. The algorithm of Breiman & Cutler can be modified to use Lipschitz bounds. Test cases illustrating accelerations to various algorithms are provided.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 89-109 
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    Keywords: Linear programming ; simplex method ; c-programming ; composite functions ; global optimization ; dc problems
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we give a brief account of the important role that the conventional simplex method of linear programming can play in global optimization, focusing on its collaboration with composite concave programming techniques. In particular, we demonstrate how rich and powerful the c-programming format is in cases where its parametric problem is a standard linear programming problem.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 117-133 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Molecular conformation ; protein folding ; nonconvex potential functions ; global optimization ; simulated annealing ; parallel algorithms
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The minimization of potential energy functions plays an important role in the determination of ground states or stable states of certain classes of molecular clusters and proteins. In this paper we introduce some of the most commonly used potential energy functions and discuss different optimization methods used in the minimization of nonconvex potential energy functions. A very complete bibliography is also given.
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    Journal of global optimization 5 (1994), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Reverse convex programs ; concave programs ; test problems ; nonconvex problems ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we adopt and generalize the basic idea of the method presented in [3] and [4] to construct test problems that involve arbitrary, not necessarily quadratic, concave functions, for both Concave Minimization and Reverse Convex Programs
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    Journal of global optimization 5 (1994), S. 1-14 
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    Keywords: Concave minimization ; branch and bound ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract In this article we present a new finite algorithm for globally minimizing a concave function over a compact polyhedron. The algorithm combines a branch and bound search with a new process called neighbor generation. It is guaranteed to find an exact, extreme point optimal solution, does not require the objective function to be separable or even analytically defined, requires no nonlinear computations, and requires no determinations of convex envelopes or underestimating functions. Linear programs are solved in the branch and bound search which do not grow in size and differ from one another in only one column of data. Some preliminary computational experience is also presented.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 187-208 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Molecular conformation ; global optimization ; simulated annealing ; parallel algorithms
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we propose a new kind of simulated annealing algorithm calledtwo-level simulated annealing for solving certain class of hard combinatorial optimization problems. This two-level simulated annealing algorithm is less likely to get stuck at a non-global minimizer than conventional simulated annealing algorithms. We also propose a parallel version of our two-level simulated annealing algorithm and discuss its efficiency. This new technique is then applied to the Molecular Conformation problem in 3 dimensional Euclidean space. Extensive computational results on Thinking Machines CM-5 are presented. With the full Lennard-Jones potential function, we were able to get satisfactory results for problems for cluster sizes as large as 100,000. A peak rate of over 0.8 giga flop per second in 64-bit operations was sustained on a partition with 512 processing elements. To the best of our knowledge, ground states of Lennard-Jones clusters of size as large as these have never been reported before.
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    Journal of global optimization 5 (1994), S. 253-265 
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    Keywords: Branch and bound principle ; inclusion function ; interval extensions ; midpoint test ; global optimization ; order of an interval extension ; nonconvex optimization
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    Notes: Abstract We consider branch and bound methods for enclosing all unconstrained global minimizers of a nonconvex nonlinear twice-continuously differentiable objective function. In particular, we consider bounds obtained with interval arithmetic, with the “midpoint test,” but no acceleration procedures. Unless the lower bound is exact, the algorithm without acceleration procedures in general gives an undesirable cluster of boxes around each minimizer. In a previous paper, we analyzed this problem for univariate objective functions. In this paper, we generalize that analysis to multi-dimensional objective functions. As in the univariate case, the results show that the problem is highly related to the behavior of the objective function near the global minimizers and to the order of the corresponding interval extension.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 82 (1994), S. 379-386 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Quadratic functionals ; quadratic equality constraints ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we investigate a constrained optimization problem with a quadratic cost functional and two quadratic equality constraints. While it is obvious that, for a nonempty constraint set, there exists a global minimum cost, a method to determine if a given local solution yields the global minimum cost has not been established. We develop a necessary and sufficient condition that will guarantee that solutions of the optimization problem yield the global minimum cost. This constrained optimization problem occurs naturally in the computation of the phase margin for multivariable control systems. Our results guarantee that numerical routines can be developed that will converge to the global solution for the phase margin.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 415-424 
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    Keywords: Complementarity problems ; polynomial complexity ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract We introduce some sufficient conditions under which a generalized linear complementarity problem (GLCP) can be solved as a pure linear complementarity problem. We also establish that the GLCP is in general a NP-Hard problem.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 80 (1994), S. 3-18 
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    Keywords: Multiple criteria decision making ; efficient set ; global optimization ; linear programming
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    Notes: Abstract Recently, researchers and practitioners have been increasingly interested in the problem (P) of maximizing a linear function over the efficient set of a multiple objective linear program. Problem (P) is generally a difficult global optimization problem which requires numerically intensive procedures for its solution. In this paper, simple linear programming procedures are described for detecting and solving four special cases of problem (P). When solving instances of problem (P), these procedures can be used as screening devices to detect and solve these four special cases.
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    Journal of global optimization 5 (1994), S. 399-402 
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    Keywords: Concave minimization ; concave quadratic minimization ; global optimization ; test problem
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    Notes: Abstract We construct some classes of test problems of minimizing a concave or, more general, quasiconcave function over a polyhedral set. These test problems fulfil the general requirement that they have a global solution at a known point which is suitably chosen on the boundary of the feasible set.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 1-16 
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    Keywords: Copositivity ; global optimization ; indefinite quadratic problems ; pseudoconvexity
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    Notes: Abstract Here we propose a global optimization method for general, i.e. indefinite quadratic problems, which consist of maximizing a non-concave quadratic function over a polyhedron inn-dimensional Euclidean space. This algorithm is shown to be finite and exact in non-degenerate situations. The key procedure uses copositivity arguments to ensure escaping from inefficient local solutions. A similar approach is used to generate an improving feasible point, if the starting point is not the global solution, irrespective of whether or not this is a local solution. Also, definiteness properties of the quadratic objective function are irrelevant for this procedure. To increase efficiency of these methods, we employ pseudoconvexity arguments. Pseudoconvexity is related to copositivity in a way which might be helpful to check this property efficiently even beyond the scope of the cases considered here.
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    Journal of global optimization 4 (1994), S. 47-62 
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    Keywords: Nonconvex minimization ; global optimization ; convex multiplicative function ; outer approximation method
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    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses an algorithm for generalized convex multiplicative programming problems, a special class of nonconvex minimization problems in which the objective function is expressed as a sum ofp products of two convex functions. It is shown that this problem can be reduced to a concave minimization problem with only 2p variables. An outer approximation algorithm is proposed for solving the resulting problem.
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    Mathematical programming 62 (1993), S. 575-580 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Non-convex non-linear programming ; global optimization ; second-order optimality conditions ; copositive matrices ; quadratic programming ; convex maximization problem
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note we specify a necessary and sufficient condition for global optimality in concave quadratic minimization problems. Using this condition, it follows that, from the perspective of worst-case complexity of concave quadratic problems, the difference between local and global optimality conditions is not as large as in general. As an essential ingredient, we here use theε-subdifferential calculus via an approach of Hiriart-Urruty and Lemarechal (1990).
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    Mathematical programming 61 (1993), S. 215-231 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Test problem generation ; quadratic programming ; global optimization ; large-scale optimization
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    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a new technique for generating convex, strictly concave and indefinite (bilinear or not) quadratic programming problems. These problems have a number of properties that make them useful for test purposes. For example, strictly concave quadratic problems with their global maximum in the interior of the feasible domain and with an exponential number of local minima with distinct function values and indefinite and jointly constrained bilinear problems with nonextreme global minima, can be generated. Unlike most existing methods our construction technique does not require the solution of any subproblems or systems of equations. In addition, the authors know of no other technique for generating jointly constrained bilinear programming problems.
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    Mathematical programming 62 (1993), S. 239-260 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Decomposition ; price functions ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract Since Dantzig—Wolfe's pioneering contribution, the decomposition approach using a pricing mechanism has been developed for a wide class of mathematical programs. For convex programs a linear space of Lagrangean multipliers is enough to define price functions. For general mathematical programs the price functions could be defined by using a subclass of nondecreasing functions. However the space of nondecreasing functions is no longer finite dimensional. In this paper we consider a specific nonconvex optimization problem min {f(x):h j (x)⩽g(x),j=1, ⋯,m, x∈X}, wheref(·),h j (·) andg(·) are finite convex functions andX is a closed convex set. We generalize optimal price functions for this problem in such a way that the parameters of generalized price functions are defined in a finite dimensional space. Combining convex duality and a nonconvex duality we can develop a decomposition method to find a globally optimal solution.
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    Journal of global optimization 3 (1993), S. 311-324 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Nonconvex duality ; zero gap ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to present a nonconvex duality with a zero gap and its connection with convex duality. Since a convex program can be regarded as a particular case of convex maximization over a convex set, a nonconvex duality can be regarded as a generalization of convex duality. The generalized duality can be obtained on the basis of convex duality and minimax theorems. The duality with a zero gap can be extended to a more general nonconvex problems such as a quasiconvex maximization over a general nonconvex set or a general minimization over the complement of a convex set. Several applications are given.
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    Journal of global optimization 3 (1993), S. 463-482 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Maximum clique problem ; testing ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract In the last years many algorithms have been proposed for solving the maximum clique problem. Most of these algorithms have been tested on randomly generated graphs. In this paper we present different test problem generators that arise from a variety of practical applications, as well as graphs with known maximum cliques. In addition, we provide computational experience with two exact algorithms using the generated test problems.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 78 (1993), S. 579-598 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multi-objective optimization ; global optimization ; nonlinear programming ; nonconvex programming ; stability ; sensitivity analysis
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    Notes: Abstract The optimization problem of a nonlinear real function over the weakly-efficient set associated to a nonlinear multi-objective program is examined. Necessary first-order conditions for a suboptimal solution are proposed, assuming the convexity of the multi-objective program. Estimations of the optimal value are established and an algorithm for finding suboptimal solutions is proposed. The optimal value is approximated to any prescribed degree of accuracy using a weakly-efficient suboptimal solution.
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    Journal of global optimization 3 (1993), S. 325-335 
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    Keywords: Nonconvex minimization ; global optimization ; outer approximation method ; convex multiplicative function
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    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the minimization of the product ofp convex functions on a convex set. It is shown that this nonconvex problem can be converted to a concave minimization problem withp variables, whose objective function value is determined by solving a convex minimization problem. An outer approximation method is proposed for obtaining a global minimum of the resulting problem. Computational experiments indicate that this algorithm is reasonable efficient whenp is less than 4.
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    Journal of global optimization 3 (1993), S. 1-23 
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    Keywords: Linear two-level program ; global optimization ; Stackelberg game ; reverse convex constraint programming ; polyhedral annexation method
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    Notes: Abstract Linear two-level programming deals with optimization problems in which the constraint region is implicity determined by another optimization problem. Mathematical programs of this type arise in connection with policy problems to which the Stackelberg leader-follower game is applicable. In this paper, the linear two-level programming problem is restated as a global optimization problem and a new solution method based on this approach is developed. The most important feature of this new method is that it attempts to take full advantage of the structure in the constraints using some recent global optimization techniques. A small example is solved in order to illustrate the approach.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 77 (1993), S. 291-304 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Nonlinear equations ; global optimization ; global convergence
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    Notes: Abstract A general iterative method is proposed for finding the maximal rootx max of a one-variable equation in a given interval. The method generates a monotone-decreasing sequence of points converging tox max or demonstrates the nonexistence of a real root. It is globally convergent. A concrete realization of the general algorithm is also given and is shown to be locally quadratically convergent. Computational experience obtained for eight test problems indicates that the new method is comparable to known methods claiming global convergence.
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    Journal of global optimization 3 (1993), S. 171-192 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Random search ; Monte Carlo optimization ; algorithm complexity ; global optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Improving Hit-and-Run is a random search algorithm for global optimization that at each iteration generates a candidate point for improvement that is uniformly distributed along a randomly chosen direction within the feasible region. The candidate point is accepted as the next iterate if it offers an improvement over the current iterate. We show that for positive definite quadratic programs, the expected number of function evaluations needed to arbitrarily well approximate the optimal solution is at most O(n5/2) wheren is the dimension of the problem. Improving Hit-and-Run when applied to global optimization problems can therefore be expected to converge polynomially fast as it approaches the global optimum.
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    Journal of global optimization 3 (1993), S. 67-78 
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    Keywords: Gradient method ; coordinate descent method ; global optimization ; stability under perturbations
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    Notes: Abstract The paper is devoted to the convergence properties of finite-difference local descent algorithms in global optimization problems with a special γ-convex structure. It is assumed that the objective function can be closely approximated by some smooth convex function. Stability properties of the perturbed gradient descent and coordinate descent methods are investigated. Basing on this results some global optimization properties of finite-difference local descent algorithms, in particular, coordinate descent method, are discovered. These properties are not inherent in methods using exact gradients.
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    Journal of global optimization 3 (1993), S. 193-212 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Multidimensional bisection ; deterministic ; global optimization ; mathematical programming
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    Notes: Abstract A new class of global optimization algorithms, extending the multidimensional bisection method of Wood, is described geometrically. New results show how the geometry of the global minimum relates to performance. Remarkably, the epigraph of the objective function, turned upside down, plays a key role. Algorithms customized to take advantage of special information about the objective function belong to the class. A number of algorithms in the literature, including those of Piyavskii-Shubert, Mladineo, Wood and Breiman & Cutler, also belong, and simple modifications of them produce customized algorithms. Comparison of various algorithms in the class is provided.
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    Mathematical programming 53 (1992), S. 323-338 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Random search ; Monte Carlo optimization ; global optimization ; complexity
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Pure adaptive seach iteratively constructs a sequence of interior points uniformly distributed within the corresponding sequence of nested improving regions of the feasible space. That is, at any iteration, the next point in the sequence is uniformly distributed over the region of feasible space containing all points that are strictly superior in value to the previous points in the sequence. The complexity of this algorithm is measured by the expected number of iterations required to achieve a given accuracy of solution. We show that for global mathematical programs satisfying the Lipschitz condition, its complexity increases at mostlinearly in the dimension of the problem.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 51-64 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Non-convex quadratic programming problem ; global optimization ; parametric simplex algorithm
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    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for solving a linear multiplicative programming problem (referred to as LMP) is proposed. LMP minimizes the product of two linear functions subject to general linear constraints. The product of two linear functions is a typical non-convex function, so that it can have multiple local minima. It is shown, however, that LMP can be solved efficiently by the combination of the parametric simplex method and any standard convex minimization procedure. The computational results indicate that the amount of computation is not much different from that of solving linear programs of the same size. In addition, the method proposed for LMP can be extended to a convex multiplicative programming problem (CMP), which minimizes the product of two convex functions under convex constraints.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 203-214 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: 90C30 ; 68Q15 ; 90C20 ; 90C25 ; 52A25 ; global optimization ; quadratic programming ; unique optimum ; polytope ; parallelotope ; norm ; NP-hardness ; diameter ; width ; inradius ; circumradius
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    Notes: Abstract NP-hardness is established for the problem whose instance is a system of linear inequalities defining a polytopeP, and whose question is whether, onP, the global maximum of the Euclidean norm is attained at more than one vertex ofP. The NP-hardness persists even for the restricted problem in whichP is a full-dimensional parallelotope with one vertex at the origin. This makes it possible to establish NP-hardness for other uniqueness problems, including some from pseudoboolean programming and computational convexity.
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    Mathematical programming 53 (1992), S. 339-359 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Concave cost ; hierarchical structure ; uncapacitated network ; nonconvex decomposition ; pricing mechanism ; global optimization
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we develop a decomposition method using a pricing mechanism which has been widely applied to linear and convex programs for a class of nonconvex optimization problems that are min concave cost flow problems under directed, uncapacitated networks with a hierarchical structure.
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    Journal of global optimization 2 (1992), S. 41-60 
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    Keywords: Quadratic program ; bilinear program ; global optimization ; reduction
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    Notes: Abstract Indefinite quadratic programs with quadratic constraints can be reduced to bilinear programs with bilinear constraints by duplication of variables. Such reductions are studied in which: (i) the number of additional variables is minimum or (ii) the number of complicating variables, i.e., variables to be fixed in order to obtain a linear program, in the resulting bilinear program is minimum. These two problems are shown to be equivalent to a maximum bipartite subgraph and a maximum stable set problem respectively in a graph associated with the quadratic program. Non-polynomial but practically efficient algorithms for both reductions are thus obtaine.d Reduction of more general global optimization problems than quadratic programs to bilinear programs is also briefly discussed.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 73 (1992), S. 47-64 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multiple-criteria decision making ; extreme-point search ; global optimization ; efficient set ; nonconvex programming
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem (P) of optimizing a linear function over the efficient set of a multiple-objective linear program serves many useful purposes in multiple-criteria decision making. Mathematically, problem (P) can be classified as a global optimization problem. Such problems are much more difficult to solve than convex programming problems. In this paper, a nonadjacent extreme-point search algorithm is presented for finding a globally optimal solution for problem (P). The algorithm finds an exact extreme-point optimal solution for the problem after a finite number of iterations. It can be implemented using only linear programming methods. Convergence of the algorithm is proven, and a discussion is included of its main advantages and disadvantages.
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    Journal of global optimization 2 (1992), S. 259-280 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Primary: 65K10 ; Secondary: 65G10 ; Nonlinear algebraic systems ; Newton's method ; interval arithmetic ; Gauss-Seidel method ; global optimization ; singularities
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we propose modifications to a prototypical branch and bound algorithm for nonlinear optimization so that the algorithm efficiently handles constrained problems with constant bound constraints. The modifications involve treating subregions of the boundary identically to interior regions during the branch and bound process, but using reduced gradients for the interval Newton method. The modifications also involve preconditioners for the interval Gauss-Seidel method which are optimal in the sense that their application selectively gives a coordinate bound of minimum width, a coordinate bound whose left endpoint is as large as possible, or a coordinate bound whose right endpoint is as small as possible. We give experimental results on a selection of problems with different properties.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 73 (1992), S. 547-562 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Nonlinear optimal control ; nonlinear programming ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract To determine the optimum in nonlinear optimal control problems, it is proposed to convert the continuous problems into a form suitable for nonlinear programming (NLP). Since the resulting finite-dimensional NLP problems can present multiple local optima, a global optimization approach is developed where random starting conditions are improved by using special line searches. The efficiency, speed, and reliability of the proposed approach is examined by using two examples.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 75 (1992), S. 423-432 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multilevel methods ; global optimization ; Monte Carlo methods
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    Notes: Abstract A new approach to the global optimization of functions with extremely rugged graphs is introduced. This multilevel search method is both an algorithm and a meta-algorithm, a logic for regulating optimization done by other algorithms. First, it is examined in the one-dimensional case theoretically and through simple examples. Then, to deal with higher dimensions, multilevel search is combined with the Monte Carlo method; this hybrid algorithm is tested on standard problems and is found to perform extremely well for a derivative-free method.
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    Journal of global optimization 2 (1992), S. 281-311 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Renormalization group ; global optimization ; conformation ; microcluster ; annealing
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    Notes: Abstract We outline a new global minimization method in which the Gibbs distribution of the objective function is deterministically annealed by tracing the evolution of a multiple-Gaussian-packet approximation. Solutions are reached by iterative approximations with decreasing coarse-graining of both objective-function and spatial scales. Results from application of a partial implementation to the atomic-microcluster conformation problem are presented.
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    Journal of global optimization 2 (1992), S. 379-410 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Bilinear programming ; nonconvex programming ; global optimization ; branch-and-bound ; reformulation-linearization technique
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the development of an algorithm for general bilinear programming problems. Such problems find numerous applications in economics and game theory, location theory, nonlinear multi-commodity network flows, dynamic assignment and production, and various risk management problems. The proposed approach develops a new Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) for this problem, and imbeds it within a provably convergent branch-and-bound algorithm. The method first reformulates the problem by constructing a set of nonnegative variable factors using the problem constraints, and suitably multiplies combinations of these factors with the original problem constraints to generate additional valid nonlinear constraints. The resulting nonlinear program is subsequently linearized by defining a new set of variables, one for each nonlinear term. This “RLT” process yields a linear programming problem whose optimal value provides a tight lower bound on the optimal value to the bilinear programming problem. Various implementation schemes and constraint generation procedures are investigated for the purpose of further tightening the resulting linearization. The lower bound thus produced theoretically dominates, and practically is far tighter, than that obtained by using convex envelopes over hyper-rectangles. In fact, for some special cases, this process is shown to yield an exact linear programming representation. For the associated branch-and-bound algorithm, various admissible branching schemes are discussed, including one in which branching is performed by partitioning the intervals for only one set of variables x or y, whichever are fewer in number. Computational experience is provided to demonstrate the viability of the algorithm. For a large number of test problems from the literature, the initial bounding linear program itself solves the underlying bilinear programming problem.
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    Journal of global optimization 2 (1992), S. 21-40 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Complementary convex structure ; Generalized Rank k Property ; global optimization
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    Notes: Abstract We show the importance of exploiting the complementary convex structure for efficiently solving a wide class of specially structured nonconvex global optimization problems. Roughly speaking, a specific feature of these problems is that their nonconvex nucleus can be transformed into a complementary convex structure which can then be shifted to a subspace of much lower dimension than the original underlying space. This approach leads to quite efficient algorithms for many problems of practical interest, including linear and convex multiplicative programming problems, concave minimization problems with few nonlinear variables, bilevel linear optimization problems, etc...
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    Statistics and computing 2 (1992), S. 7-17 
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Keywords: Simulated annealing ; global optimization ; Monte Carlo algorithms ; graph decomposition ; probabilistic networks ; NP-complete problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the applicability of a Monte Carlo technique known as ‘simulated annealing’ to achieve optimum or sub-optimum decompositions of probabilistic networks under bounded resources. High-quality decompositions are essential for performing efficient inference in probabilistic networks. Optimum decomposition of probabilistic networks is known to be NP-hard (Wen, 1990). The paper proves that cost-function changes can be computed locally, which is essential to the efficiency of the annealing algorithm. Pragmatic control schedules which reduce the running time of the annealing algorithm are presented and evaluated. Apart from the conventional temperature parameter, these schedules involve the radius of the search space as a new control parameter. The evaluation suggests that the inclusion of this new parameter is important for the success of the annealing algorithm for the present problem.
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  • 98
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    Mathematical programming 50 (1991), S. 259-274 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Concave minimization ; global optimization ; nonlinear programming ; nonconvex programming ; branch-and-bound ; outer approximation ; cutting planes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm is proposed for globally minimizing a concave function over a compact convex set. This algorithm combines typical branch-and-bound elements like partitioning, bounding and deletion with suitably introduced cuts in such a way that the computationally most expensive subroutines of previous methods are avoided. In each step, essentially only few linear programming problems have to be solved. Some preliminary computational results are reported.
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  • 99
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    Journal of global optimization 1 (1991), S. 23-36 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Branch and bound ; global optimization ; subdivision strategy ; exhaustive and weakly exhaustive subdivision processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate subdivision strategies that can improve the convergence and efficiency of some branch and bound algorithms of global optimization. In particular, a general class of so called weakly exhaustive simplicial subdivision processes is introduced that subsumes all previously known radial exhaustive processes. This result provides the basis for constructing flexible subdivision strategies that can be adapted to take advantage of various problem conditions.
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  • 100
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    Journal of global optimization 1 (1991), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Reverse convex program ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem min {f(x): x ∈ G, T(x) ∉ int D}, where f is a lower semicontinuous function, G a compact, nonempty set in ℝn, D a closed convex set in ℝ2 with nonempty interior and T a continuous mapping from ℝn to ℝ2. The constraint T(x) ∉ int D is a reverse convex constraint, so the feasible domain may be disconnected even when f, T are affine and G is a polytope. We show that this problem can be reduced to a quasiconcave minimization problem over a compact convex set in ℝ2 and hence can be solved effectively provided f, T are convex and G is convex or discrete. In particular we discuss a reverse convex constraint of the form 〈c, x〉 · 〈d, x〉≤1. We also compare the approach in this paper with the parametric approach.
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