ALBERT

Description: The late Miocene Monte Capanne and Porto Azzurro plutons are investigated by means of coupled U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating to test the occurrence of long-lived magmatic systems in the upper crust. Zircon crystallized for 〉 1 Myr in both plutonic systems, with supersolidus conditions overlapping for ~220 kyr indicating previously unrecognized co-existence of the two reservoirs. The development of the Porto Azzurro high T-aureole is post-dated by continuous igneous zircon crystallization until ~ 6.0 Ma. By linking crystallization to post-emplacement cooling of late-stage pulses in both western and eastern Elba we constrain long-lived sizeable reservoirs (possibly the same reservoir) in the Tyrrhenian upper crust between ~8 and 6 Ma.

Description: In press

Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici

Description: JCR Journal

Description: Gases present in the Earth crust are important in various branches of human activities. Hydrocarbons are a significant energy resource, helium is applied in many high-tech instruments, and studies of crustal gas dynamics provide insight in the geodynamic processes and help monitor seismic and volcanic hazards. Quantitative analysis of methane and CO2 migration is important for climate change studies. Some of them are toxic (H2S, CO2, CO); radon is responsible for the major part of human radiation dose. The development of analytical techniques in gas geochemistry creates opportunities of applying this science in numerous fields. Noble gases, hydrocarbons, CO2, N2, H2, CO, and Hg vapor are measured by advanced methods in various environments and matrices including fluid inclusions. Following the “Geochemical Applications of Noble Gases”(2009), “Frontiers in Gas Geochemistry” (2013), and “Progress in the Application of Gas Geochemistry to Geothermal, Tectonic and Magmatic Studies” (2017) published as special issues of Chemical Geology and “Gas geochemistry: From conventional to unconventional domains” (2018) published as a special issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology, this volume continues the tradition of publishing papers reflecting the diversity in scope and application of gas geochemistry.

Description: Published

Description: 976190

Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica

Description: JCR Journal

Description: Here we present the results of the inversion of a new geodetic data set covering the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence and the following 1 year of postseismic deformation. Modeling of the geodetic data together with the use of a catalog of 3-D relocated aftershocks allows us to constrain the rupture geometries and the coseismic and postseismic slip distributions for the two main events (Mw 6.1 and 6.0) of the sequence and to explore how these thrust events have interacted with each other. Dislocation modeling reveals that the first event ruptured a slip patch located in the center of the Middle Ferrara thrust with up to 1 m of reverse slip. The modeling of the second event, located about 15 km to the southwest, indicates a main patch with up to 60 cm of slip initiated in the deeper and flatter portion of the Mirandola thrust and progressively propagated postseismically toward the top section of the rupture plane, where most of the aftershocks and afterslip occurred. Our results also indicate that between the two main events, a third thrust segment was activated releasing a pulse of aseismic slip equivalent to a Mw 5.8 event. Coulomb stress changes suggest that the aseismic event was likely triggered by the preceding main shock and that the aseismic slip event probably brought the second fault closer to failure. Our findings show significant correlations between static stress changes and seismicity and suggest that stress interaction between earthquakes plays a significant role among continental en echelon thrusts.

Description: Published

Description: 4742–4766

Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva

Description: 2T. Sorgente Sismica

Description: 3T. Storia Sismica

Description: JCR Journal

Description: We propose a new quantitative approach for the joint interpretation of velocity and attenuation tomography images, performed through the lateral separation of scattering and intrinsic attenuation. The horizontal P-wave scattering attenuation structure below Campi Flegrei Caldera (CFC) is imaged using the autocorrelation functions (ACF) of P-wave vertical velocity fluctuations. Cluster analysis (CA) is then applied to interpret the images derived from ACF and the available P-wave total attenuation images at 2000m quantitatively. The analysis allows the separation of intrinsic and scattering attenuation on a 2-D plane, adding new geophysical constraints to the present knowledge about this volcanic area. The final result is a new, quantitative image of the past and present tectonic and volcanological state of CFC. P-wave intrinsic dissipation dominates in an area approximately located under the volcanic centre of Solfatara, as expected in a region with a large presence of fluids and gas. A north–south scattering attenuation region is mainly located below the zone of maximum uplift in the 1982–1984 bradiseismic crisis, in the sea side of the Pozzuoli bay, but also extending below Mt Nuovo. This evidence favours the interpretation in terms of a hard but fractured body, contoured by strong S-wave scatterers, corresponding to the Caldera rim: the region is possibly a section of the residual magma body, associated with the 1538 eruption of Mt Nuovo.

Description: Published

Description: 1304-1310

Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti

Description: JCR Journal

Description: reserved

Description: We investigate in detail the crustal layering of the ‘Val di Chiana Basin’ (Northern Apennines, Tuscany, Italy) through receiver functions and seismic anisotropy with hexagonal symmetry. The teleseismic data set is recorded in correspondence of a typical foreland basin resulting by the progressive eastward retreat of a regional-scale subduction zone trapped between two continents. We study the azimuthal variations of the computed and binned receiver functions associated to a harmonic angular analysis to emphasize the presence of the dipping and the anisotropic structures. The resulting S-wave velocity model shows interesting and new results for this area that we discuss in a regional geodynamic contest contributing to the knowledge of the structure of the forearc of the subduction zone. A dipping interface (N192°E strike, 18° dip) has been revealed at about 1.5 km depth, that separates the basin sediments and flysch from the carbonates and evaporites. Moreover, we interpret the two upper-crust anisotropic layers (at about 6 and 17 km depth) as the Hercynian Phyllites and Micaschists, of the Metamorphic Tuscan Basement. At relatively shallow depths, the presence of these metamorphic rocks causes the seismic anisotropy in the upper crust. The presence of shallow anisotropic layers is a new and interesting feature, first revealed in the study area. Beneath the crust–mantle transition (Moho), located about 28 km depth, our analysis reveals a 7-km-thick anisotropic layer.

Description: Published

Description: 545-556

Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra

Description: JCR Journal

Description: reserved

Description: We present the surface wave dispersion results of the application of the ambient noise method to broad-band data recorded at 114 stations from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vul- canologia (INGV) national broad-band network, some stations of the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) and of the Austrian Central Institute for Me- teorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG). Vertical-component ambient noise data from 2005 October to 2007 March have been cross-correlated for station-pairs to estimate fundamental mode Rayleigh wave Green’s functions. Cross-correlations are calculated in 1-hr segments, stacked over periods varying between 3 months and 1.5 yr. Rayleigh wave group dispersion curves at periods from 8 to 44 s were determined using the multiple-filter analysis technique. The study region was divided into a 0.2◦ × 0.2◦ grid to invert for group velocity distribu- tions. Checkerboard tests were first carried out, and the lateral resolution was estimated to be about 0.6◦. The resulting group velocity maps from 8 to 36 s show the significant difference of the crustal structure and good correlations with known geological and tectonic features in the study region. The Po Plain and the Southern Alps evidence lower group veloci- ties due to soft alluvial deposits, and thick terrigenous sediments. Our results also clearly showed that the Tyrrhenian Sea is characterized with much higher velocities below 8 km than the Italian peninsula and the Adriatic Sea which indicates a thin oceanic crust beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Description: Published

Description: 1242-1252

Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra

Description: JCR Journal

Description: reserved

Description: Data assimilation is the combination of information from observations and models of a particular physical system in order to get the best possible estimate of the state of that system. The technique has wide applications across a range of earth sciences, a major application being the production of operational weather forecasts. Others include oceanography, atmospheric chemistry, climate studies, and hydrology. Data Assimilation for the Earth System is a comprehensive survey of both the theory of data assimilation and its application in a range of earth system sciences. Data assimilation is a key technique in the analysis of remote sensing observations and is thus particularly useful for those analysing the wealth of measurements from recent research satellites. This book is suitable for postgraduate students and those working on the application of data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and other earth sciences.

Description: Preface. 1. Introduction; B. Boots, et al. Part I: Statistical models of spatial systems. Section A: Spatial statistics. 2. Geographic patterns of urban residential development; J. Lee. 3. Using local statistics for boundary characterization; B. Boots. 4. Local spatial interaction modelling based on the geographically weighted regression approach; T. Nakaya. Section B: Space-time analysis. 5. Understanding activity scheduling and rescheduling behaviour: theory and numerical illustration; Chang-Hyeon Joh, et al. 6. Geographical model of a self-organizing megalopolis with time-space convergence; I. Mizuno. 7. Epidemic modelling of HIV/AIDS transfers between eastern and western Europe; P. Smith, R. Thomas. Part II: Computational methods. Section A: Simulation models. 8. A spatial microsimulation model for social policy evaluation; D. Ballas, et al. 9. Analysis of the effect of land use patterns on the anthropogenic energy discharged from air conditioning and hot water supply using a modified CSU mesoscale model; T. Watanabe, et al. 10. Generalized Thuenen and Thuenen-Ricardo models for Asian land use; K. Konagaya. Section B: GIS models. 11. Balancing consensus and conflict with a GIS-based multi-participant, multi-criteria decision support tool; R. D. Feick, G. B. Hall. 12. Grid-based population distribution estimates from historical Japanese topographical maps using GIS: Y. Arai, S. Koike. 13. GIS modelling for rain-induced debris-flow hazards in a small watershed; S. Zhao, T. Tamura. Section C: The internet. 14. A geographical interpretation of cyberspace: preliminary analysis on the scaling tendency of information spaces; N. Shiode. 15. On modelling internet transactions as a time-dependent random walk: an application of the retail aggregate space-time trip (RASTT) model; R. G. V. Baker. 16. Development of disaster information network system in the Asian region: internet GIS for disaster information management; Y. Ogawa, et al. 17. Geographical conceptualization of cyberplaces; M. Takeyama.

Description: Foreword. How to climb the gravity wall; R. Rummel. I: Precise orbit determination and gravity field modelling. Strategies for precise orbit determination of low earth orbiters using the Global Positioning System; U. Hugentobler, G. Beutler. Aiming at a 1 cm orbit for low earth orbiters: reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination; P. N. A. M. Visser, J. van den Ijssel. Space-wise, time-wise, torus and Rosborough representations in gravity field modelling; N. Sneeuw. Gravity field recovery from GRACE: unique aspects of the high precision inter-satellite data and analysis methods; G. Balmino. Global gravity field recovery using solely Global Positioning System tracking and accelerometer data from CHAMP; C. Reigber, et al. The processing of band-limited measurements: filtering techniques in the least squares context and in the presence of data gaps; W.-D. Schuh. II: Solid earth physics. Long wavelength sea level and solis surface perturbations driven by polar ice mass variations: fingerprinting Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet flux; M. E. Tamisiea, et al. Benefits from GOCE within solid earth geophysics; A. M. Marotta. The potential of GOCE in constraining the structure of the crust and lithosphere from post-glacial rebound; L. L. A. Vermeersen. Deep and shallow solid-earth structures reconstructed with sequential integrated inversion (SII) of seismic and gravity data; R. Tondi, et al. Present-day sea level change: observations and causes; A. Cazenave, et al. III: Ocean circulation. Global ocean data assimilation and geoid measurements; C. Wunsch, D. Stammer. Resolution needed for an adequate determination of the mean ocean circulation from altimetry and an improved geoid; C. Le Provost, M. Bremond. Error characteristics estimated from CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE derived geoids and from satellite altimetry derived mean dynamic topography; E. J. O. Schrama. Estimating the high-resolution mean sea-surface velocity field by combined use of altimeter and drifter data for geoid model improvement; S. Imawaki, et al. Combined use of altimetry and in situ gravity data for coastal dynamics studies; K. Haines, et al. Feasibility and contribution to ocean circulation studies of ocean bottom pressure determination; C. W. Hughes, V. Stepanov. Impact of geoid improvement on ocean mass and heat transport estimates; P. Le Grand. How operational oceanography can benefit from dynamic topography estimates as derived from altimetry and improved geoid; P. Y. Le Traon, et al. IV: Geodesy. Remarks on the role of height datum in altimetry-gravity boundary-value problems; F. Sacerdote, F. Sanso. Ocean tides in GRACE monthly averaged gravity fields; P. Knudsen. Tidal models in a new era of satellite gravimetry; R. D. Ray, et al. The elusive stationary geoid; M. Vermeer. Geodetic methods for calibration of GRACE and GOCE; J. Bouman, R. Koop. V: Sea level. Benefits of GRACE and GOCE to sea level studies; P. Woodworth, J. M. Gregory. What might GRACE contribute to studies of post glacial rebound? J. Wahr, I. Velicogna. Measuring the distribution of ocean mass using GRACE; R. S. Nerem, et al. Monitoring changes in continental water storage with GRACE; S. Swenson, J. Wahr. VI: Future concepts. Attitude and drag control: an application to the GOCE satellite; E. Canuto, et al. On superconductive gravity gradiometry in space; S. Zarembinski. Satellite-satellite laser links for future gravity missions; P. L. Bender et al. Possible future use of laser gravity gradiometers; P. L. Bender, et al. MICROSCOPE instrument development lessons for GOCE; P. Touboul. Needs and tools for future gravity measuring missions; M. Aguirre-Martinez, N. Sneeuw. VII: Closing session. GOCE: first earth explorer core mission; M. R. Drinkwater, et al. Earth gravity field from space from senors to earth sciences: closing remarks; G. Beutler.