ALBERT

Description: The late Miocene Monte Capanne and Porto Azzurro plutons are investigated by means of coupled U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating to test the occurrence of long-lived magmatic systems in the upper crust. Zircon crystallized for 〉 1 Myr in both plutonic systems, with supersolidus conditions overlapping for ~220 kyr indicating previously unrecognized co-existence of the two reservoirs. The development of the Porto Azzurro high T-aureole is post-dated by continuous igneous zircon crystallization until ~ 6.0 Ma. By linking crystallization to post-emplacement cooling of late-stage pulses in both western and eastern Elba we constrain long-lived sizeable reservoirs (possibly the same reservoir) in the Tyrrhenian upper crust between ~8 and 6 Ma.

Description: In press

Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici

Description: JCR Journal

Description: Based on multidisciplinary data, including seismological and geodetic observations, as well as seismic reflection profiles and gravity maps, we analysed the pattern of crustal deformation and active tectonics in the Sicily Channel, a key observation point to unravel the complex interaction between two major plates, Nubia and Eurasia, in the Mediterranean Sea. Our data highlight the presence of an active ~ 220-km-long complex lithospheric fault system (here named the Lampedusa-Sciacca Shear Zone), approximately oriented N-S, crossing the study area with left-lateral strike-slip deformations, active volcanism and high heat flow. We suggest that this shear zone represents the most active tectonic domain in the area, while the NW-SE elongated rifting pattern, considered the first order tectonic feature, appears currently inactive and sealed by undeformed recent (Lower Pleistocene?) deposits. Estimates of seismological and geodetic moment-rates, 6.58 × 1015 Nm/year and 7.24 × 1017 Nm/year, respectively, suggests that seismicity accounts only for ~ 0.9% of crustal deformation, while the anomalous thermal state and the low thickness of the crust would significantly inhibit frictional sliding in favour of creeping and aseismic deformation. We therefore conclude that a significant amount of the estimated crustal deformation-rate occurs aseismically, opening new scenarios for seismic risk assessments in the region.

Description: Published

Description: 21238

Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva

Description: JCR Journal

Description: Gases present in the Earth crust are important in various branches of human activities. Hydrocarbons are a significant energy resource, helium is applied in many high-tech instruments, and studies of crustal gas dynamics provide insight in the geodynamic processes and help monitor seismic and volcanic hazards. Quantitative analysis of methane and CO2 migration is important for climate change studies. Some of them are toxic (H2S, CO2, CO); radon is responsible for the major part of human radiation dose. The development of analytical techniques in gas geochemistry creates opportunities of applying this science in numerous fields. Noble gases, hydrocarbons, CO2, N2, H2, CO, and Hg vapor are measured by advanced methods in various environments and matrices including fluid inclusions. Following the “Geochemical Applications of Noble Gases”(2009), “Frontiers in Gas Geochemistry” (2013), and “Progress in the Application of Gas Geochemistry to Geothermal, Tectonic and Magmatic Studies” (2017) published as special issues of Chemical Geology and “Gas geochemistry: From conventional to unconventional domains” (2018) published as a special issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology, this volume continues the tradition of publishing papers reflecting the diversity in scope and application of gas geochemistry.

Description: Published

Description: 976190

Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica

Description: JCR Journal

Description: We provide a dataset of 3D coordinate time series of 37 continuous GNSS stations installed for stability monitoring purposes on onshore and offshore industrial settlements along a NW-SE-oriented and ~100-km-wide belt encompassing the eastern Italian coast and the Adriatic Sea. The dataset results from the analysis performed by using different geodetic software (Bernese, GAMIT/GLOBK and GIPSY) and consists of six raw position time series solutions, referred to IGb08 and IGS14 reference frames. Time series analyses and comparisons evidence that the different solutions are consistent between them, despite the use of different software, models, strategy processing and frame realizations. We observe that the offshore stations are subject to significant seasonal oscillations probably due to seasonal environmental loads, seasonal temperature-induced platform deformation and hydrostatic pressure variations. Many stations are characterized by non-linear time series, suggesting a complex interplay between regional (long-term tectonic stress) and local sources of deformation (e.g. reservoirs depletion, sediment compaction). Computed raw time series, logs files, phasor diagrams and time series comparison plots are distributed via PANGAEA ( https://www.pangaea.de ).

Description: This research was financed by the Italian Economic Development Ministry in the”CLYPEA-Innovation Network for Future Energy” framework, “subsoil deformations” project.

Description: Published

Description: 373

Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva

Description: JCR Journal

Description: Here we present the results of the inversion of a new geodetic data set covering the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence and the following 1 year of postseismic deformation. Modeling of the geodetic data together with the use of a catalog of 3-D relocated aftershocks allows us to constrain the rupture geometries and the coseismic and postseismic slip distributions for the two main events (Mw 6.1 and 6.0) of the sequence and to explore how these thrust events have interacted with each other. Dislocation modeling reveals that the first event ruptured a slip patch located in the center of the Middle Ferrara thrust with up to 1 m of reverse slip. The modeling of the second event, located about 15 km to the southwest, indicates a main patch with up to 60 cm of slip initiated in the deeper and flatter portion of the Mirandola thrust and progressively propagated postseismically toward the top section of the rupture plane, where most of the aftershocks and afterslip occurred. Our results also indicate that between the two main events, a third thrust segment was activated releasing a pulse of aseismic slip equivalent to a Mw 5.8 event. Coulomb stress changes suggest that the aseismic event was likely triggered by the preceding main shock and that the aseismic slip event probably brought the second fault closer to failure. Our findings show significant correlations between static stress changes and seismicity and suggest that stress interaction between earthquakes plays a significant role among continental en echelon thrusts.

Description: Published

Description: 4742–4766

Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva

Description: 2T. Sorgente Sismica

Description: 3T. Storia Sismica

Description: JCR Journal

Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in The ISME Journal 6 (2012): 1901-1915, doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.31.

Description: Antarctic surface oceans are well-studied during summer when irradiance levels are high, sea ice is melting and primary productivity is at a maximum. Coincident with this timing, the bacterioplankton respond with significant increases in secondary productivity. Little is known about bacterioplankton in winter when darkness and sea-ice cover inhibit photoautotrophic primary production. We report here an environmental genomic and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) analysis of winter and summer Antarctic Peninsula coastal seawater bacterioplankton. Intense inter-seasonal differences were reflected through shifts in community composition and functional capacities encoded in winter and summer environmental genomes with significantly higher phylogenetic and functional diversity in winter. In general, inferred metabolisms of summer bacterioplankton were characterized by chemoheterotrophy, photoheterotrophy and aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis while the winter community included the capacity for bacterial and archaeal chemolithoautotrophy. Chemolithoautotrophic pathways were dominant in winter and were similar to those recently reported in global ‘dark ocean’ mesopelagic waters. If chemolithoautotrophy is widespread in the Southern Ocean in winter, this process may be a previously unaccounted carbon sink and may help account for the unexplained anomalies in surface inorganic nitrogen content.

Description: CSR was supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biological Informatics (DBI-0532893). The research was supported by National Science Foundation awards: ANT 0632389 (to AEM and JJG), and ANT 0632278 and 0217282 (to HWD), all from the Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program.

Description: Data assimilation is the combination of information from observations and models of a particular physical system in order to get the best possible estimate of the state of that system. The technique has wide applications across a range of earth sciences, a major application being the production of operational weather forecasts. Others include oceanography, atmospheric chemistry, climate studies, and hydrology. Data Assimilation for the Earth System is a comprehensive survey of both the theory of data assimilation and its application in a range of earth system sciences. Data assimilation is a key technique in the analysis of remote sensing observations and is thus particularly useful for those analysing the wealth of measurements from recent research satellites. This book is suitable for postgraduate students and those working on the application of data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and other earth sciences.

Description: Preface. 1. Introduction; B. Boots, et al. Part I: Statistical models of spatial systems. Section A: Spatial statistics. 2. Geographic patterns of urban residential development; J. Lee. 3. Using local statistics for boundary characterization; B. Boots. 4. Local spatial interaction modelling based on the geographically weighted regression approach; T. Nakaya. Section B: Space-time analysis. 5. Understanding activity scheduling and rescheduling behaviour: theory and numerical illustration; Chang-Hyeon Joh, et al. 6. Geographical model of a self-organizing megalopolis with time-space convergence; I. Mizuno. 7. Epidemic modelling of HIV/AIDS transfers between eastern and western Europe; P. Smith, R. Thomas. Part II: Computational methods. Section A: Simulation models. 8. A spatial microsimulation model for social policy evaluation; D. Ballas, et al. 9. Analysis of the effect of land use patterns on the anthropogenic energy discharged from air conditioning and hot water supply using a modified CSU mesoscale model; T. Watanabe, et al. 10. Generalized Thuenen and Thuenen-Ricardo models for Asian land use; K. Konagaya. Section B: GIS models. 11. Balancing consensus and conflict with a GIS-based multi-participant, multi-criteria decision support tool; R. D. Feick, G. B. Hall. 12. Grid-based population distribution estimates from historical Japanese topographical maps using GIS: Y. Arai, S. Koike. 13. GIS modelling for rain-induced debris-flow hazards in a small watershed; S. Zhao, T. Tamura. Section C: The internet. 14. A geographical interpretation of cyberspace: preliminary analysis on the scaling tendency of information spaces; N. Shiode. 15. On modelling internet transactions as a time-dependent random walk: an application of the retail aggregate space-time trip (RASTT) model; R. G. V. Baker. 16. Development of disaster information network system in the Asian region: internet GIS for disaster information management; Y. Ogawa, et al. 17. Geographical conceptualization of cyberplaces; M. Takeyama.

Description: Foreword. How to climb the gravity wall; R. Rummel. I: Precise orbit determination and gravity field modelling. Strategies for precise orbit determination of low earth orbiters using the Global Positioning System; U. Hugentobler, G. Beutler. Aiming at a 1 cm orbit for low earth orbiters: reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination; P. N. A. M. Visser, J. van den Ijssel. Space-wise, time-wise, torus and Rosborough representations in gravity field modelling; N. Sneeuw. Gravity field recovery from GRACE: unique aspects of the high precision inter-satellite data and analysis methods; G. Balmino. Global gravity field recovery using solely Global Positioning System tracking and accelerometer data from CHAMP; C. Reigber, et al. The processing of band-limited measurements: filtering techniques in the least squares context and in the presence of data gaps; W.-D. Schuh. II: Solid earth physics. Long wavelength sea level and solis surface perturbations driven by polar ice mass variations: fingerprinting Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet flux; M. E. Tamisiea, et al. Benefits from GOCE within solid earth geophysics; A. M. Marotta. The potential of GOCE in constraining the structure of the crust and lithosphere from post-glacial rebound; L. L. A. Vermeersen. Deep and shallow solid-earth structures reconstructed with sequential integrated inversion (SII) of seismic and gravity data; R. Tondi, et al. Present-day sea level change: observations and causes; A. Cazenave, et al. III: Ocean circulation. Global ocean data assimilation and geoid measurements; C. Wunsch, D. Stammer. Resolution needed for an adequate determination of the mean ocean circulation from altimetry and an improved geoid; C. Le Provost, M. Bremond. Error characteristics estimated from CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE derived geoids and from satellite altimetry derived mean dynamic topography; E. J. O. Schrama. Estimating the high-resolution mean sea-surface velocity field by combined use of altimeter and drifter data for geoid model improvement; S. Imawaki, et al. Combined use of altimetry and in situ gravity data for coastal dynamics studies; K. Haines, et al. Feasibility and contribution to ocean circulation studies of ocean bottom pressure determination; C. W. Hughes, V. Stepanov. Impact of geoid improvement on ocean mass and heat transport estimates; P. Le Grand. How operational oceanography can benefit from dynamic topography estimates as derived from altimetry and improved geoid; P. Y. Le Traon, et al. IV: Geodesy. Remarks on the role of height datum in altimetry-gravity boundary-value problems; F. Sacerdote, F. Sanso. Ocean tides in GRACE monthly averaged gravity fields; P. Knudsen. Tidal models in a new era of satellite gravimetry; R. D. Ray, et al. The elusive stationary geoid; M. Vermeer. Geodetic methods for calibration of GRACE and GOCE; J. Bouman, R. Koop. V: Sea level. Benefits of GRACE and GOCE to sea level studies; P. Woodworth, J. M. Gregory. What might GRACE contribute to studies of post glacial rebound? J. Wahr, I. Velicogna. Measuring the distribution of ocean mass using GRACE; R. S. Nerem, et al. Monitoring changes in continental water storage with GRACE; S. Swenson, J. Wahr. VI: Future concepts. Attitude and drag control: an application to the GOCE satellite; E. Canuto, et al. On superconductive gravity gradiometry in space; S. Zarembinski. Satellite-satellite laser links for future gravity missions; P. L. Bender et al. Possible future use of laser gravity gradiometers; P. L. Bender, et al. MICROSCOPE instrument development lessons for GOCE; P. Touboul. Needs and tools for future gravity measuring missions; M. Aguirre-Martinez, N. Sneeuw. VII: Closing session. GOCE: first earth explorer core mission; M. R. Drinkwater, et al. Earth gravity field from space from senors to earth sciences: closing remarks; G. Beutler.