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  • Climate change  (35)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
  • Ecosystem ecology
  • Springer Netherlands  (20)
  • Cham : Springer  (16)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1
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    Measurements meet human observations: integrating distinctive ways of knowing in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan to assess local climate change (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: In mountain environments dimensions of climate change are unclear because of limited availability of meteorological stations. However, there is a necessity to assess the scope of local climate change, as the livelihood and food systems of subsistence-based communities are already getting impacted. To provide more clarity about local climate trends in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, this study integrates measured climate data with community observations in the villages of Savnob and Roshorv. Taking a transdisciplinary approach, both knowledge systems were considered as equally pertinent and mutually informed the research process. Statistical trends of temperature and snow cover were retrieved using downscaled ERA5 temperature data and the snow cover product MOD10A1. Local knowledge was gathered through community workshops and structured interviews and analysed using a consensus index. Results showed, that local communities perceived increasing temperatures in autumn and winter and decreasing amounts of snow and rain. Instrumental data records indicated an increase in summer temperatures and a shortening of the snow season in Savnob. As both knowledge systems entail their own strengths and limitations, an integrative assessment can broaden the understanding of local climate trends by (i) reducing existing uncertainties, (ii) providing new information, and (iii) introducing unforeseen perspectives. The presented study represents a time-efficient and global applicable approach for assessing local dimensions of climate change in data-deficient regions.
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; Climate change ; Pamir Mountains ; Local knowledge ; Perception ; Climate data ; Statistical downscaling
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Natural hazards and climate change are not drivers of disasters (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-08-25
    Description: Many nations face challenges in assessing, understanding, and responding to the time-dependent nature of disaster risk. Changes in the intensity of occurrences of extreme events coupled with changes in vulnerability and exposure alter the impacts of natural hazards on society in mostly negative ways. Here an interrelationship between natural hazard (NH), climate change (CC), vulnerability (V), exposure (E), and decisionmaking (DM) is considered. While NHs trigger disasters and CC is likely to intensify occurrences of disasters, V and E present major drivers of disasters. Informed DM on disaster risk reduction should be based on scientific evidence from NH and CC, knowledge of V and E, and relevant options for actions on preventive disaster measures as a part of preparedness and public awareness.
    Description: Russian Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006769
    Description: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) (4220)
    Keywords: ddc:363.7 ; Disaster ; Vulnerability ; Exposure ; Natural hazard ; Risk ; Climate change ; Preparedness ; Public awareness
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Environmental matching reveals non-uniform range-shift patterns in benthic marine Crustacea (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-08-25
    Description: Empirical and theoretical studies suggest that marine species respond to ocean warming by shifting ranges poleward and/or into deeper depths. However, future distributional patterns of deep-sea organisms, which comprise the largest ecosystem of Earth, remain poorly known. We explore potential horizontal range shifts of benthic shallow-water and deep-sea Crustacea due to climatic changes within the remainder of the century, and discuss the results in light of species-specific traits related to invasiveness. Using a maximum entropy approach, we estimated the direction and magnitude of distributional shifts for 94 species belonging to 12 orders of benthic marine crustaceans, projected to the years 2050 and 2100. Distance, direction, and species richness shifts between climate zones were estimated conservatively, by considering only areas suitable, non-extrapolative, and adjacent to the currently known distributions. Our hypothesis is that species will present poleward range-shifts, based on results of previous studies. Results reveal idiosyncratic and species-specific responses, with prevailing poleward shifts and a decline of species richness at mid-latitudes, while more frequent shifts between temperate to polar regions were recovered. Shallow-water species are expected to shift longer distances than deep-sea species. Net gain of suitability is slightly higher than the net loss for shallow-water species, while for deep-sea species, the net loss is higher than the gain in all scenarios. Our estimates can be viewed as a set of hypotheses for future analytical and empirical studies, and will be useful in planning and executing strategic interventions and developing conservation strategies.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN) (3507)
    Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; Climate change ; Deep-sea ; Shallow-water ; Distributional shift ; Ecological niche modeling ; Mobility-oriented parity metric (MOP)
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Experiencing climate change: revisiting the role of local weather in affecting climate change awareness and related policy preferences (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-08-24
    Description: Over the last few years, climate change has risen to the top of the agenda in many Western democracies, backed by a growing share of voters supporting climate protection policies. To understand how and why these changes came about, we revisit the question whether personal experiences with increasingly unusual local weather conditions affect people’s beliefs about climate change and their related attitudes. We first take a closer look at the theoretical underpinnings and extend the theoretical argument to account for the differential impact of different weather phenomena, as well as the role of prior beliefs and individual reference frames. Applying mixed-effects regressions to a novel dataset combining individual-level multi-wave panel survey data from up to 18,010 German voters collected from 2016 to 2019 with weather data from 514 weather stations, we show that personally experiencing unusual or extreme local weather did not shape people’s awareness of climate change as a political problem or their climate policy preferences in a sustained manner. Even among people who may be considered most likely to exhibit such effects, we did not detect them. Moreover, we demonstrate that the common modeling strategy of combining fixed-effects regression with clustered standard errors leads to severely reduced standard errors and substantively different results. We conclude that it cannot be taken for granted that personally experiencing extreme weather phenomena makes a difference in perceptions of climate change and related policy preferences.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:363.7 ; Climate change ; Policy preferences ; Experiential learning ; Mixed-effects regression ; Panel data
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Climate change literacy and migration potential: micro-level evidence from Africa (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: While a growing literature studies the effects of climate change on international migration, still only relatively little is known about the individual mechanisms linking migration decisions to climate change. We argue that climate change literacy (i.e., knowledge about climate change) is a major determinant of why some individuals consider migrating to other countries in response to climate change effects. In particular, climate change literacy helps individuals translate their perceptions of temperature changes into an understanding of these changes’ irreversible long-term consequences. We test this hypothesis using highly accurate geo-coded data for 37,000 individuals across 30 African countries. We show that climate change indeed leads to stronger migration intentions among climate literates only. Furthermore, we show that climate change only increases migration intentions among climate literates when it is approximated by long-run increases in local temperatures, but not when operationalized as changing heat wave or precipitation patterns. Further analyses show that climate literates are more likely to live in urban areas, have a higher news consumption, are highly educated, and have demanding occupations. Consequently, climate change may further deprive affected countries of valuable talent.
    Description: leibniz-gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001664
    Description: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH (3511)
    Description: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/3LRAFL
    Keywords: ddc:304.2 ; International migration ; Migration intentions ; Climate change ; Climate change literacy ; Africa
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Global vulnerability hotspots: differences and agreement between international indicator-based assessments (2021)
    Feldmeyer, Daniel ; Birkmann, Joern ; McMillan, Joanna M. ; [et al.]
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: Climate change impacts and their consequences are determined not only by the intensity and frequency of different climatic hazards but also by the vulnerability of the system, society or community exposed. While general agreement exists about the importance of assessing vulnerability to understand climate risks, there is still a tendency to neglect global and regional vulnerability patterns because they are hard to quantify, despite their value in informing adaptation, disaster risk and development policies. Several approaches to quantifying global vulnerability exist. These differ in terms of the indicators they use and how they classify countries or regions into vulnerability classes. The paper presents the structure of selected approaches and explores two indices in depth. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of agreement between selected international indicator-based assessments of vulnerability, at the level of climate regions. Results suggest that the two major global vulnerability assessments analysed largely agree on the location of the most and least vulnerable regions when these assessments are aggregated to a regional scale using the IPCC’s climate regions. The paper then discusses the robustness of the information derived and its usefulness for adaptation, disaster risk and development policies. Measuring progress towards reducing vulnerability to climate change and hazards is key for various agencies and actors in order to be able to develop informed policies and strategies for managing climate risks and to promote enabling conditions for achieving the SDGs and building resilience.
    Description: Universität Stuttgart (1023)
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Vulnerability ; Hotspots ; Indicators ; Climate change ; Global mapping
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Depth-distribution of lake benthic diatom assemblages in relation to light availability and substrate: implications for paleolimnological studies (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: We analyzed the depth distributions of benthic diatoms in two adjacent, but hydrologically distinct subalpine lakes (Lakes Soiernseen, S-Germany). Lake Unterer Soiernsee is affected by marked water-level fluctuations and is light-penetrated to the bottom most of the year, while Lake Oberer Soiernsee provides more stable conditions and an extended aphotic zone. Mixed samples of epiphytic, epilithic, epipsammic and epipelic periphyton were taken in one-meter depth steps by scuba divers. Most of the common benthic diatoms occurred in distinct depth-areas. RDA analyses showed that depth was strongly correlated with species distribution in both lakes. Depth-constrained cluster analyses indicated three distinct diatom community zones in each lake. A shallow littoral zone hosting mainly epiphytic and epilithic species and a deeper littoral zone with mainly epipsammic and epipelic taxa existed in both lakes. Additionally, a highly disturbed near-shore littoral zone with diatoms adapted to unstable conditions (aerophilic taxa, pioneer species) was found in Lake Unterer Soiernsee, and a deep-water pelagic zone with mainly planktonic taxa in Lake Oberer Soiernsee. Light availability, substrate, physical stressors and nutrient concentrations were linked closely with water depth. While light availability affected the ratio of benthic and planktonic diatoms, substrate type influenced benthic diatom assemblage structures. Diatoms occurring in surficial sediments of the aphotic zone represent an ideal cross-section of the recent diatom assemblage of the lake, including benthic and planktonic species. However, sediment samples taken in light-flooded depths are inappropriate for studies based on shifts between benthic and planktonic taxa, because in situ benthic species dominate the surface-sediment assemblages, while settled tychoplanktonic and planktonic species occur less frequently. A diatom-inferred depth model was created for each lake to prove the usability for down-core studies using weighted-averaging approaches. For both lakes these models are highly appropriate to reconstruct past fluctuations in water-transparency or lake-level. With regard to the development of diatom-based TP-transfer-functions for Bavarian mountain lakes, we found it is highly important to consider lake depth and transparency. Based on the findings of this study we recommend the creation of two different training-sets, one for deep or low-transparency lakes with an aphotic zone including both benthic and planktonic diatoms, and another one for shallow, clear water lakes solely using benthic diatoms.
    Keywords: ddc:561 ; Climate change ; Subalpine lakes ; Water-level fluctuations ; Diatom community zones ; TP-transfer function ; B/P ratio
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Identifying decision-relevant uncertainties for dynamic adaptive forest management under climate change (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: The decision on how to manage a forest under climate change is subject to deep and dynamic uncertainties. The classic approach to analyze this decision adopts a predefined strategy, tests its robustness to uncertainties, but neglects their dynamic nature (i.e., that decision-makers can learn and adjust the strategy). Accounting for learning through dynamic adaptive strategies (DAS) can drastically improve expected performance and robustness to deep uncertainties. The benefits of considering DAS hinge on identifying critical uncertainties and translating them to detectable signposts to signal when to change course. This study advances the DAS approach to forest management as a novel application domain by showcasing methods to identify potential signposts for adaptation on a case study of a classic European beech management strategy in South-West Germany. We analyze the strategy’s robustness to uncertainties about model forcings and parameters. We then identify uncertainties that critically impact its economic and ecological performance by confronting a forest growth model with a large sample of time-varying scenarios. The case study results illustrate the potential of designing DAS for forest management and provide insights on key uncertainties and potential signposts. Specifically, economic uncertainties are the main driver of the strategy’s robustness and impact the strategy’s performance more critically than climate uncertainty. Besides economic metrics, the forest stand’s past volume growth is a promising signpost metric. It mirrors the effect of both climatic and model parameter uncertainty. The regular forest inventory and planning cycle provides an ideal basis for adapting a strategy in response to these signposts.
    Description: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Keywords: ddc:333.7 ; Forest management ; Climate change ; Deep uncertainties ; Global sensitivity analysis ; Signposts ; Scenario discovery
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Are we expecting too much from the private sector in flood adaptation? Scenario-based field experiments with small- and medium-sized firms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: Adaptive governance approaches emphasize the crucial role of the private sector in enabling climate change adaptation. Yet, the participation of local firms is still lacking, and little is known about the conditions potentially influencing firms’ adaptation decisions and mechanisms that might encourage private sector engagement. We address this gap with an empirical analysis of the willingness of manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to participate financially in collective flood adaptation in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), a hotspot of future climate change risk. Using scenario-based field experiments, we shed light on internal and external conditions that influence potential investments in collective initiatives and explain what role SMEs can play in flood adaptation. We find that direct impacts of floods, perceived self-responsibility, and strong local ties motivate firms to participate in collective adaptation, whereas government support, sufficient financial resources, and previously implemented flood protection strategies reduce the necessity to act collectively. Here, opportunity costs and the handling of other business risks play a decisive role in investment decisions. This study shows that although private sector engagement appears to be a promising approach, it is not a panacea. Collective initiatives on flood adaptation need formal guidance and should involve local business networks and partnerships to give voice to the needs and capacities of SMEs, but such initiatives should not overstretch firms’ responsibilities.
    Description: University of Economics and Law, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
    Description: Bundciesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Private sector adaptation ; Climate change ; Flood response ; Small- and medium-sized firms ; Field experiments ; Vietnam
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    How evaluation of global hydrological models can help to improve credibility of river discharge projections under climate change (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: Importance of evaluation of global hydrological models (gHMs) before doing climate impact assessment was underlined in several studies. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of six gHMs in simulating observed discharge for a set of 57 large catchments applying common metrics with thresholds for the monthly and seasonal dynamics and summarize them estimating an aggregated index of model performance for each model in each basin. One model showed a good performance, and other five showed a weak or poor performance in most of the basins. In 15 catchments, evaluation results of all models were poor. The model evaluation was supplemented by climate impact assessment for a subset of 12 representative catchments using (1) usual ensemble mean approach and (2) weighted mean approach based on model performance, and the outcomes were compared. The comparison of impacts in terms of mean monthly and mean annual discharges using two approaches has shown that in four basins, differences were negligible or small, and in eight catchments, differences in mean monthly, mean annual discharge or both were moderate to large. The spreads were notably decreased in most cases when the second method was applied. It can be concluded that for improving credibility of projections, the model evaluation and application of the weighted mean approach could be recommended, especially if the mean monthly (seasonal) impacts are of interest, whereas the ensemble mean approach could be applied for projecting the mean annual changes. The calibration of gHMs could improve their performance and, consequently, the credibility of projections.
    Description: BMBF
    Description: JSPS KAKENHI
    Description: NSFC
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; Climate change ; Global hydrological models ; River discharge projections ; Model evaluation ; Model performance ; Model weighting ; Credibility of projections
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  • 11
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    Will dairy cattle production in West Africa be challenged by heat stress in the future? (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: This study focuses on heat stress conditions for dairy cattle production in West Africa under current and future climatic conditions. After testing the accuracy of the dynamically downscaled climate datasets for simulating the historical daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and relative humidity (RH) in West Africa for 50 meteorological stations, we used the dataset for calculating the temperature-humidity index (THI), i.e., an index indicating heat stress for dairy cattle on a daily scale. Calculations were made for the historical period (1981–2010) using the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset, and for two future periods (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) using climate predictions of the GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, and MPI-ESM-MR Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under the RCP4.5 emission scenario. Here, we show that during the period from 1981 to 2010 for 〉 1/5 of the region of West Africa, the frequency of severe/danger heat events per year, i.e., events that result in significant decreases in productive and reproductive performances, increased from 11 to 29–38 days (significant at 95% confidence level). Most obvious changes were observed for the eastern and southeastern parts. Under future climate conditions periods with severe/danger heat stress events will increase further as compared with the historical period by 5–22% depending on the GCM used. Moreover, the average length of periods with severe/danger heat stress is expected to increase from ~ 3 days in the historical period to ~ 4–7 days by 2021–2050 and even to up to 10 days by 2071–2100. Based on the average results of three GCMs, by 2071–2100, around 22% of dairy cattle population currently living in this area is expected to experience around 70 days more of severe/danger heat stress (compare with the historical period), especially in the southern half of West Africa. The result is alarming, as it shows that dairy production systems in West Africa are jeopardized at large scale by climate change and that depending on the GCM used, milk production might decrease by 200–400 kg/year by 2071–2100 in around 1, 7, or 11%. Our study calls for the development of improved dairy cattle production systems with higher adaptive capacity in order to deal with expected future heat stress conditions.
    Description: African Union Commission
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; THI ; Climate change ; Dairy cattle ; West Africa
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Effects of model calibration on hydrological and water resources management simulations under climate change in a semi-arid watershed (2020)
    Koch, Hagen ; Silva, Ana Lígia Chaves ; Liersch, Stefan ; [et al.]
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: Semi-arid regions are known for erratic precipitation patterns with significant effects on the hydrological cycle and water resources availability. High temporal and spatial variation in precipitation causes large variability in runoff over short durations. Due to low soil water storage capacity, base flow is often missing and rivers fall dry for long periods. Because of its climatic characteristics, the semi-arid north-eastern region of Brazil is prone to droughts. To counter these, reservoirs were built to ensure water supply during dry months. This paper describes problems and solutions when calibrating and validating the eco-hydrological model SWIM for semi-arid regions on the example of the Pajeú watershed in north-eastern Brazil. The model was calibrated to river discharge data before the year 1983, with no or little effects of water management, applying a simple and an enhanced approach. Uncertainties result mainly from the meteorological data and observed river discharges. After model calibration water management was included in the simulations. Observed and simulated reservoir volumes and river discharges are compared. The calibrated and validated models were used to simulate the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes and water resources management using data of two representative concentration pathways (RCP) and five earth system models (ESM). The differences in changes in natural and managed mean discharges are negligible (〈 5%) under RCP8.5 but notable (〉 5%) under RCP2.6 for the ESM ensemble mean. In semi-arid catchments, the enhanced approach should be preferred, because in addition to discharge, a second variable, here evapotranspiration, is considered for model validation.
    Description: BMBF Germany
    Description: BMGF Germany
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; Pajeú watershed ; Semi-arid ; Climate change ; Water management ; Hydrology ; SWIM
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Navigating through the jungle of information. Informational self-efficacy predicts climate change-related media exposure, knowledge, and behaviour (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: Climate change is a complex issue and understanding it is not an easy endeavour. An abundance of information is available through media and a lot of research has dealt with the question of how to best communicate this issue to the public. However, uncertainty and scepticism remain. In this paper, we argue that the subjective capability of informing oneself satisfactorily about climate change (i.e. informational self-efficacy) to reach goals like forming an opinion, evaluating political decisions regarding climate change, or behaving in a climate protective manner might be a crucial determinant of people’s engagement with the issue. In an online survey with a quota sample of German residents (N = 498), informational self-efficacy positively predicted people’s exposure to climate change communication in the media, their knowledge about the climate system and climate protective behaviours, and the extent to which they actually engaged in climate protective actions. Moreover, informational self-efficacy positively predicted climate protective behaviour and climate system knowledge indirectly through media exposure—but not behavioural knowledge. Hence, next to optimising the provided climate change communication, we suggest to strengthen people’s confidence in dealing with it through media literacy trainings and examine the causal effect of these trainings on informational self-efficacy and climate change engagement. Furthermore, the impact of different behaviours on climate change should be more often and more concretely discussed in media coverage.
    Description: Universität Koblenz-Landau (3155)
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Climate change ; Climate change knowledge ; Pro-environmental behaviour ; Media exposure ; Self-efficacy
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  • 14
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    Air quality co-benefits of ratcheting up the NDCs (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: The current nationally determined contributions, pledged by the countries under the Paris Agreement, are far from limiting climate change to below 2 ∘C temperature increase by the end of the century. The necessary ratcheting up of climate policy is projected to come with a wide array of additional benefits, in particular a reduction of today’s 4.5 million annual premature deaths due to poor air quality. This paper therefore addresses the question how climate policy and air pollution–related health impacts interplay until 2050 by developing a comprehensive global modeling framework along the cause and effect chain of air pollution–induced social costs. We find that ratcheting up climate policy to a 2 ∘ compliant pathway results in welfare benefits through reduced air pollution that are larger than mitigation costs, even with avoided climate change damages neglected. The regional analysis demonstrates that the 2 ∘C pathway is therefore, from a social cost perspective, a “no-regret option” in the global aggregate, but in particular for China and India due to high air quality benefits, and also for developed regions due to net negative mitigation costs. Energy and resource exporting regions, on the other hand, face higher mitigation cost than benefits. Our analysis further shows that the result of higher health benefits than mitigation costs is robust across various air pollution control scenarios. However, although climate mitigation results in substantial air pollution emission reductions overall, we find significant remaining emissions in the transport and industry sectors even in a 2 ∘C world. We therefore call for further research in how to optimally exploit climate policy and air pollution control, deriving climate change mitigation pathways that maximize co-benefits.
    Keywords: ddc:363.73 ; Air pollution ; Co-benefits ; Climate change ; Health impacts
    Language: English
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    Climate change adaptation strategies, productivity and sustainable food security in southern Mali (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Many people in African countries derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Therefore, unfavourable environmental and climatic conditions render them more vulnerable to increasing food insecurity and poverty rates. However, few studies have investigated how farmers’ adaptation strategies affect farm productivity and household food security in the Sahelian region, notably Mali. We analyse factors that influence adaptation strategies to climate change and the impacts of the adaptation strategies on maize productivity and household food security in southern Mali. Farmers use adaptation strategies such as organic fertilizers, changing planting dates and growing of short duration maize varieties to mitigate against the negative effects of climate change. We find that farmer experience, number of livestock owned, off-farm employment, access to credit, farmer association and technical training exert positive effects on the use of planting short-duration maize varieties as an adaptation strategy, while distance to the farm shows a negative effect. We observe that household size, experience in maize farming, number of livestock owned and technical training positively influence farmers to change planting dates as an adaptation strategy. The use of organic fertilizers and short-duration maize varieties promote maize productivity and food security. We conclude that building farmers’ adaptive capacity tends to reduce their vulnerability to climate change by increasing crop yields and food security.
    Description: CGIAR Fund
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Adaptation strategies ; Climate change ; Environmental change ; Food security ; Maize yield ; Mali
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Climate humanitarian visa: international migration opportunities as post-disaster humanitarian intervention (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: With global action being outpaced by climate change impacts, communities in climate-vulnerable countries are at increased risk of incurring climate-induced losses and damages. In the last few years, disasters from extreme weather events such as typhoons have increased and have breached records, with typhoon Haiyan being the strongest ever typhoon to make landfall. Such an event solicited global compassion and altruism where Canada and the USA, apart from doling out traditional humanitarian aid, also offered immigration relief opportunities to typhoon Haiyan victims who have familial connections to their residents. Drawing from these immigration relief interventions, this paper uses a sociopolitical approach in proposing a climate humanitarian visa that would be offered to climate change victims on the basis of transnational family networks and skilled labor. Noting that several countries such as in Europe have demographic deficits and labor shortages, such a scheme would benefit both climate change victims and receiving countries. To counter the risk of selective compassion against economically trapped populations, potential receiving countries could provide skills upgrading geared toward addressing their labor shortages through their existing development programs. While migration is only one strategy in a spectrum of responses to climate change impacts, a climate humanitarian visa could provide climate change victims a legal choice for mobility while invoking altruism, hospitality, and compassion from potential receiving countries, whether or not they historically cause climate change.
    Description: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (1040)
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Climate change ; Extreme weather events ; Emigration ; Displacement ; UNFCCC
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  • 17
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    Attitudes towards climate change migrants (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: While climate change has become a salient political and social issue in Western societies, we know relatively little about how these societies will react to one of the potentially important consequences of climate change: increasing migration flows. By means of a representative online survey in Germany, this paper therefore investigates for the very first time to what extent citizens in industrialized societies are willing to accept climate change migrants, especially in comparison with other groups of migrants and refugees, and the circumstances and principles under which they would accept them. The findings show that climate change migrants receive high support levels comparable with those enjoyed by political refugees (migrants who need special protection) and that contrast with attitudes towards economic migrants (who are often not seen as in need of special protection). We also see that people are more likely to accept justifications for taking climate change migrants when they realize that the expected number of migrants is relatively low. While arguments about morality, corrective justice, and a country’s capacity lead to similar acceptance rates in general, the latter argument plays a more important role for highly educated people and non-environmentalists than the former two. The findings of this study allow us to better prepare for potential conflicts that might emerge with increasing migration flows caused by climate change.
    Description: University of Bamberg
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Climate change ; Migration ; Prejudices
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    Unknown
    Climate change, ecosystem services and migration in the Marshall Islands: are they related? (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: As one of the lowest-lying island nation states in the world, the Republic of the Marshall Islands is vulnerable to sea level rise, flooding and the associated impacts on soil and water salinity. Persistent drought is further affecting agricultural production and access to drinking water, and heat stress is increasingly common. The number of Marshallese people residing in the USA has increased rapidly from 6650 in 2000 to an estimated 30,000 in 2018. While we know that climate change is already affecting the Marshall Islands and that there are significant migration flows, we do not know to what extent people already migrate because of climate change. This paper addresses this gap and presents findings from interdisciplinary fieldwork in the Marshall Islands and destination areas in the USA. The research team conducted a survey (N = 278), focus group discussions, expert interviews and a geo-spatial analysis of flood extent and migration rates to study the relationship between climatic events, ecosystem services and migration. The results show that respondents primarily cite education, health care, work and family visits as migration drivers, and only few mention climate impacts or environmental change. However, respondents do identify impacts of climate change on their livelihoods, health and safety, and the study finds significant correlations between climate impacts, trends in ecosystem services and migration propensities at household level. Furthermore, 62% of Marshallese respondents in the USA indicated that climate change affects their decision to return to Marshall Islands in the future.
    Description: Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Center
    Description: Pacific Research and Integrated Science Assessments Program
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Climate change ; Migration ; Ecosystem services ; Sea level rise ; Drought ; Pacific
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Sustainable development ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Sustainable Development ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction --- 2. Action on Climate Change: What Does it Mean and Where Does it Lead To? --- Part 1. Policy --- 3. Mainstreaming Impact Evidence in Climate Change and Sustainable Development --- 4. Pathway to Impact: Supporting and Evaluating Enabling Environments for Research for Development --- 5. Lessons from Taking Stock of 12 years of Swiss International Cooperation on Climate Change --- 6. An Analytical Framework for Evaluating a Diverse Climate Change Portfolio --- 7. Enhancing the Joint Crediting Mechanism MRV to Contribute to Sustainable Development --- Part 2. Climate Change Mitigation --- 8. Using Mixed Methods to Assessing Trade-offs Between Agricultural Decisions and Deforestation --- 9. Methodological Approach of the GEF IEO’s Climate Change Mitigation Impact Evaluation: Assessing Progress in Market Change for Reduction of CO2 Emissions --- 10. Integrating Avoided Emissions in Climate Change Evaluation Policies for LDCs: The Case of Passive Solar Houses in Afghanistan --- 11. Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy in Rural Central America --- 12. Unpacking the Black Box of Technology Distribution, Development Potential and Carbon Markets Benefits --- Part 3. Climate Change Adaptation.-13. What do Evaluations Tell Us About Climate Change Adaptation? Meta-Analysis with a Realist Approach --- 14. Adaptation Processes in Agriculture and Food Security: Insights from Evaluating Behavioral Changes in West Africa --- 15. Using Participatory Approaches in Measuring Resilience and Development in Isiolo County, Kenya --- 16. Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation in Practice: A Child-Centred, Community-Based Project in the Philippines --- 17. Drought Preparedness Policies and Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Measures in Brazil: An Institutional Change Assessment --- 18. The Adaptation M&E Navigator: A Decision Support Tool for the Selection of Suitable Approaches to Monitor and Evaluate Adaptation to Climate Change
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 355 pages) , 44 illustrations, 36 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319437026
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-43702-6
    Language: English
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    Paris Climate Agreement: Beacon of Hope (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Energy industries ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Management and Policy ; Energy Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Earth's Climate System --- Chapter 2. Forecasting Global Warming --- Chapter 3. Paris INDCs --- Chapter 4. Implementation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 186 pages) , 58 illustrations, 54 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319469393
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-46939-3
    Language: English
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    Rangeland Systems : Processes, Management and Challenges (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Ecology ; Climate change ; Environmental law ; Environmental policy ; Environmental management ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice ; Ecology ; Climate Change
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Conceptual development toward a rangeland systems framework --- Part: 1 Processes --- 2. Woody plant encroachment --- 3. Ecohydrology: processes and implications for rangelands --- 4. Soil and belowground processes --- 5. Structural heterogeneity as the basis for rangeland management --- 6. Non-equilibrium ecology and resilience theory --- 7. Ecological consequences of climate change on rangelands --- Part: 2 Management --- 8. Rangelands as social-ecological systems --- 9. State and transition models: theory, applications, and challenges --- 10. Livestock production systems --- 11. Adaptive management of rangeland systems --- 12. Managing the livestock-wildlife interface on rangelands --- Part: 3 Challenges --- 13. Invasive plant species and novel rangeland systems --- 14. Rangeland ecosystem services: nature´s supply and humans´ demand --- 15. Managing climate change risks in rangeland systems --- 16. Monitoring protocols: options, approaches, implementation, benefits --- 17. Rangeland systems in developing nations: conceptual advances and societal implications
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 661 pages) , 101 illustrations, 69 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319467092
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-46709-2
    Language: English
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    Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Geography ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Environmental management ; Geography ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Environmental Management ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate services in the Tropics --- Climate planning in medium-size cities of the Tropics --- Setting up and managing automatic weather stations for remote sites monitoring: from Niger to Nepal --- Characterization of climate risks for rice crop in Casamance --- Climate change, drought and food security: a methodology for the vulnerability analysis. The case of the West Arsi Woreda in Ethiopia --- Visualize and communicate extreme weather risk to improve urban resilience --- Climate change adaptation and resilience in Mali --- Building resilience to drought in the Sahel by early risk identification and advices --- Risk analysis and evaluation to improve climate adaptation planning in Western Niger --- A simplified hydrological method for flood risk assessment at sub-basin level in Niger --- Socio-technical transitions and resilient infrastructure: analyzing changes in access to water following infrastructure upgrade in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania --- Monitoring and evaluating advocacy and mainstreaming of climate change adaptation in Haiti --- Knowledge for transformational adaptation planning: comparing the potential of forecasting and back casting methods for assessing people vulnerability --- Possible impact of pelletized crop residues use as a fuel for cooking in Niger --- An effective Mainstreaming DRR and Resilience approach in La Paz (Mexico) and San Jose (Costa-Rica) --- Climate vulnerability reduction credits: measuring results of adaptation; potential applicability for sub-Saharan communities --- Review of pilot projects on index-based insurance in Africa: insights and lessons Learned --- A new perspective for integrating climate change in local development plans
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 372 pages) , 91 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319590967
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-59096-7
    Language: English
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    The Interconnected Arctic — UArctic Congress 2016 (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Medical research ; Environmental management ; Economics ; Quality of life ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Quality of Life Research ; Environment Studies ; Economic Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Vulnerability of the Arctic environments. Chapter 1 Mysteries of the geological history of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean sea ice cover --- Chapter 2 Response of Arctic alpine biota to climate change -evidence from Polar Urals GLORIA summits --- Chapter 3 The features of natural and artificial recovery in quarries of the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia --- Chapter 4 The concept of hierarchical structure of large marine ecosystems in the zoning of Russian Arctic shelf seas --- Chapter 5 Changing climate and outbreaks of forest pest insects in a cold northern country, Finland --- Chapter 6 Wood-based energy as a strategy for climate change mitigation in the Arctic –Perspectives on assessment of climate impacts and resource efficiency with Life Cycle Assessment --- Chapter 7. Geospatial analysis of persistent organic pollutant deposits in the Arctic ecosystems and environment --- Chapter 8 Hydrological probabilistic model MARCS and its application to simulate the probability density functions of multi-year maximal runoff: the Russian Arctic as a case of study --- Chapter 9 Student contribution: Assessment of Atmospheric Circulation in the Atlantic-Eurasian Region and Arctic Using Climate Indices. The Possible Applications of these Indices in Long-term Weather Forecasts --- Chapter 10 Student contribution: Difficulties of Geological Engineering in Arctic Seas --- Part II Vulnerability of the Arctic societies. Chapter 11 The Health Transition: A challenge to indigenous peoples in the Arctic --- Chapter 12 Uncertainties in Arctic socio-economic scenarios --- Chapter 13 Importance of consideration of climate change at managing fish stocks: A case of northern Russian fisheries --- Chapter 14 Preservation of territories and traditional activities of the northern indigenous peoples in the period of the Arctic industrial development --- Chapter 15 The Arctic journey – design experiments in the north --- Chapter 16 The Bicycle and the Arctic. Resilient and sustainable transport in times of climate change --- Part III Building the long-term human capacity. Chapter 17 Human capital development in the Russian Arctic --- Chapter 18 Impact of wages on employment and migration in the High North of Russia --- chapter 19 Well-being in an Arctic city. Designing a longitudinal study on student relationships and perceived quality of life --- Chapter 20 Researching Links between Teacher Wellbeing and Educational Change: Case Studies from Kazakhstan and Sakha Republic --- chapter 21 Student contribution: Well-being at the Polish polar station, Svalbard: Adaptation to extreme environments --- Part IV Arcitc tourism. Chapter 22 Tourism futures in the Arctic --- chapter 23 Uniqueness as a draw for riding under the midnight sun --- Chapter 24 Arctic tourism: the design approach with reference to the Russian North --- Part V Arctic safety. Chapter 25 Maritime operations and emergency preparedness in the Arctic –competence standards for search and rescue operations contingencies in polar waters --- Chapter 26 Risk reduction as a result of implementation of the functional based IMO Polar Code in the Arctic cruise industry --- Chapter 27 Safety of industrial development and transportation routes in the Arctic (SITRA) -collaboration project for research and education of future High North experts --- Chapter 28 Safe Snow and Ice Construction to Arctic Conditions --- Chapter 29 The components of psychological safety of oil and gas shift workers in the Arctic --- Part VI Circumpolar, inclusive and reciprocal Arctic. Chapter 30 Where is gender? Cracking the Arctic box and its persistent “gender neutral” research agendas --- Chapter 31 Towards an Arctic awakening: Neocolonialism, sustainable development, emancipatory research, collective action, and Arctic regional policymaking
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 311 pages) , 78 illustrations, 69 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319575322
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-57532-2
    Language: English
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    Paris Climate Agreement: Beacon of Hope (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Energy industries ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Management and Policy ; Energy Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Earth's Climate System --- Chapter 2. Forecasting Global Warming --- Chapter 3. Paris INDCs --- Chapter 4. Implementation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 186 pages) , 58 illustrations, 54 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319469393
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-46939-3
    Language: English
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    Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Sustainable development ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Sustainable Development ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction --- 2. Action on Climate Change: What Does it Mean and Where Does it Lead To? --- Part 1. Policy --- 3. Mainstreaming Impact Evidence in Climate Change and Sustainable Development --- 4. Pathway to Impact: Supporting and Evaluating Enabling Environments for Research for Development --- 5. Lessons from Taking Stock of 12 years of Swiss International Cooperation on Climate Change --- 6. An Analytical Framework for Evaluating a Diverse Climate Change Portfolio --- 7. Enhancing the Joint Crediting Mechanism MRV to Contribute to Sustainable Development --- Part 2. Climate Change Mitigation --- 8. Using Mixed Methods to Assessing Trade-offs Between Agricultural Decisions and Deforestation --- 9. Methodological Approach of the GEF IEO’s Climate Change Mitigation Impact Evaluation: Assessing Progress in Market Change for Reduction of CO2 Emissions --- 10. Integrating Avoided Emissions in Climate Change Evaluation Policies for LDCs: The Case of Passive Solar Houses in Afghanistan --- 11. Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy in Rural Central America --- 12. Unpacking the Black Box of Technology Distribution, Development Potential and Carbon Markets Benefits --- Part 3. Climate Change Adaptation.-13. What do Evaluations Tell Us About Climate Change Adaptation? Meta-Analysis with a Realist Approach --- 14. Adaptation Processes in Agriculture and Food Security: Insights from Evaluating Behavioral Changes in West Africa --- 15. Using Participatory Approaches in Measuring Resilience and Development in Isiolo County, Kenya --- 16. Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation in Practice: A Child-Centred, Community-Based Project in the Philippines --- 17. Drought Preparedness Policies and Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Measures in Brazil: An Institutional Change Assessment --- 18. The Adaptation M&E Navigator: A Decision Support Tool for the Selection of Suitable Approaches to Monitor and Evaluate Adaptation to Climate Change
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 355 pages) , 44 illustrations, 36 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319437026
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-43702-6
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    Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas : Linkages between Science, Policy and Practice (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Geography ; Climate change ; Regional planning ; Urban planning ; Ecosystems ; Urban ecology (Biology) ; Sustainable development ; Human geography ; Geography ; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Urban Ecology ; Ecosystems ; Sustainable Development ; Human Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Section I Scientific evidence for Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation and mitigation in urban areas --- Section II Practical implementation and needs for a transition towards Nature-based solutions in cities --- Section III Nature-based solutions and social-environmental justice in cities --- Section IV Governance Implications and Economic Viability of Nature-based solutions --- Conclusions
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 342 pages) , 60 illustrations, 42 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319560915
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-56091-5
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    High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Environmental geography ; Ecosystems ; Conservation biology ; Ecology ; Nature conservation ; Environment ; Nature Conservation ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Conservation Biology/Ecology ; Ecosystems ; Environmental Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- 1. Trade-offs in the high-mountain conservation --- 2. Present phylogeorgraphic patterns in European mountains resulting from past large climatic oscillations --- 3. The early human occupation of the high mountain --- 4. Millenial socio-ecological trajectories in high mountain and land use --- 5. Non-equilibrium in alpine plan assemblages, current shifts in summit floras --- 6. Diversity assembly in alpine plant communities --- 7. Regional forest idiosyncrasy and the response to global change --- 8. Life-history responses to the altitudinal gradient in mountain fauna --- 9. Towards a microbial conservation perspective in high-mountain lakes --- 10. On defence of fishless high mountain lakes --- 11. Atmospheric chemical loadings in the high mountain: current forcing and legacy pollution --- 12. High soil carbon stocks in mountain grasslands may be compromised by land use changes --- 13. Why recovering large carnivore populations in high mountains? --- 14. The role of environmental history in high mountain landscape conservation --- 15. Conservation lessons from long-term studies of the bearded vulture --- 16. Monitoring global change in the high mountain --- 17. Evaluating global change effects on high mountain snow and the impact on water resources --- 18. A modelling approach to the understanding of past, present and future shifts in vegetation --- 19. Challenges for conservation in a changing world, perspective from the high mountains
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 413 pages) , 114 illustrations, 86 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319559827
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-55982-7
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    Rangeland Systems : Processes, Management and Challenges (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Ecology ; Climate change ; Environmental law ; Environmental policy ; Environmental management ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice ; Ecology ; Climate Change
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Conceptual development toward a rangeland systems framework --- Part: 1 Processes --- 2. Woody plant encroachment --- 3. Ecohydrology: processes and implications for rangelands --- 4. Soil and belowground processes --- 5. Structural heterogeneity as the basis for rangeland management --- 6. Non-equilibrium ecology and resilience theory --- 7. Ecological consequences of climate change on rangelands --- Part: 2 Management --- 8. Rangelands as social-ecological systems --- 9. State and transition models: theory, applications, and challenges --- 10. Livestock production systems --- 11. Adaptive management of rangeland systems --- 12. Managing the livestock-wildlife interface on rangelands --- Part: 3 Challenges --- 13. Invasive plant species and novel rangeland systems --- 14. Rangeland ecosystem services: nature´s supply and humans´ demand --- 15. Managing climate change risks in rangeland systems --- 16. Monitoring protocols: options, approaches, implementation, benefits --- 17. Rangeland systems in developing nations: conceptual advances and societal implications
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 661 pages) , 101 illustrations, 69 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319467092
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-46709-2
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    Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate Change Scenario (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Physics ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Energy Efficiency ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Applied and Technical Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Urban Heat Island – Evidence, Measures and Tools --- Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change --- Assessment Indication and Gold Standard --- Methodologies for UHI Analysis --- Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning --- Part II Pilot Actions in European Cities --- Counteracting Urban Heat Islands: Solutions for European Cities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 400 pages) , 213 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319104256
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-10425-6
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    Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Soil science ; Soil conservation ; Air pollution ; Life Sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction to the SAMPLES Approach --- Chapter 2 Targeting Landscapes to Identify Mitigation Options --- Chapter 3 Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Associated with Land Use and Land Cover Change --- Chapter 4 Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Managed and Natural Soils --- Chapter 5 A Comparison of Methodologies for Measuring Methane Emissions from Ruminants --- Chapter 6 Quantifying Tree Biomass Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Agricultural Landscapes --- Chapter 7 Methods for Smallholder Quantification of Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes --- Chapter 8 Yield Estimation of Food and Non-Food Crops in Smallholder Production Systems --- Chapter 9 Scaling Point and Plot Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Fluxes, Balances and Intensities to Whole Farms and Landscapes --- Chapter 10 Methods for Environment-Productivity Trade-off Analysis in Agricultural Systems
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 203 pages) , 33 illustrations, 27 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319297941
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-29794-1
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    Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Climate change ; Animal ecology ; Conservation biology ; Ecology ; Vertebrates ; Life Sciences ; Conservation Biology/Ecology ; Vertebrates ; Animal Ecology ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
    Description / Table of Contents: Bats in the Anthropocene --- Urbanisation and its effects on bats – a global meta-analysis --- Bats and roads --- Responses of tropical bats to habitat fragmentation, logging, and deforestation --- Insectivorous bats and silviculture: balancing timber production and bat conservation --- Bats in the anthropogenic matrix: Challenges and opportunities for the conservation of Chiroptera and their ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes --- Dark matters: the effects of artificial lighting on bats --- Bats and water: anthropogenic alterations threaten global bat populations --- White-nose syndrome in bats --- Zoonotic viruses and conservation of bats --- Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Bats: a Global Perspective --- Exploitation of Bats for Bushmeat and Medicine --- The conflict between pteropodid bats and fruit growers: species, legislation and mitigation --- Bats and buildings: The conservation of synanthropic bats --- Conservation ecology of cave bats --- The roles of taxonomy and systematics in bat conservation --- Networking networks for global bat conservation --- Cute, Creepy, or Crispy – how values, attitudes and norms shape human behavior toward bats. 
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 606 pages) , 77 illustrations, 52 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319252209
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-25220-9
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    Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Soil science ; Soil conservation ; Air pollution ; Life Sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction to the SAMPLES Approach --- Chapter 2 Targeting Landscapes to Identify Mitigation Options --- Chapter 3 Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Associated with Land Use and Land Cover Change --- Chapter 4 Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Managed and Natural Soils --- Chapter 5 A Comparison of Methodologies for Measuring Methane Emissions from Ruminants --- Chapter 6 Quantifying Tree Biomass Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Agricultural Landscapes --- Chapter 7 Methods for Smallholder Quantification of Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes --- Chapter 8 Yield Estimation of Food and Non-Food Crops in Smallholder Production Systems --- Chapter 9 Scaling Point and Plot Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Fluxes, Balances and Intensities to Whole Farms and Landscapes --- Chapter 10 Methods for Environment-Productivity Trade-off Analysis in Agricultural Systems
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 203 pages) , 33 illustrations, 27 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319297941
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-29794-1
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    Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate Change Scenario (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Physics ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Energy Efficiency ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Applied and Technical Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Urban Heat Island – Evidence, Measures and Tools --- Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change --- Assessment Indication and Gold Standard --- Methodologies for UHI Analysis --- Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning --- Part II Pilot Actions in European Cities --- Counteracting Urban Heat Islands: Solutions for European Cities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 400 pages) , 213 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319104256
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-10425-6
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    Nils Petter Gleditsch: Pioneer in the Analysis of War and Peace (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; International relations ; Environmental law ; Environmental policy ; Environment ; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice ; International Relations ; Climate Change Management and Policy
    Description / Table of Contents: A Life in Peace Research --- Bibliography --- Time Differences and International Interaction --- Democracy and Peace --- The Treholt Case --- Armed Conflict and the Environment. Double-blind but More Transparent --- The Liberal Moment Fifteen Years on --- Whither the Weather? --- The Decline of War – The Main Issues --- The IPCC, Conflict, and Human Security
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 171 pages) , 22 illustrations, 11 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319038209
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-03820-9
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    First biological measurements of deep-sea corals from the Red Sea (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2802, doi:10.1038/srep02802.
    Description: It is usually assumed that metabolic constraints restrict deep-sea corals to cold-water habitats, with ‘deep-sea’ and ‘cold-water’ corals often used as synonymous. Here we report on the first measurements of biological characters of deep-sea corals from the central Red Sea, where they occur at temperatures exceeding 20°C in highly oligotrophic and oxygen-limited waters. Low respiration rates, low calcification rates, and minimized tissue cover indicate that a reduced metabolism is one of the key adaptations to prevailing environmental conditions. We investigated four sites and encountered six species of which at least two appear to be undescribed. One species is previously reported from the Red Sea but occurs in deep cold waters outside the Red Sea raising interesting questions about presumed environmental constraints for other deep-sea corals. Our findings suggest that the present understanding of deep-sea coral persistence and resilience needs to be revisited.
    Keywords: Ecosystem ecology ; Biodiversity ; Genetics ; Metabolism
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    Direct interaction between the Gulf Stream and the shelfbreak south of New England (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 2 (2012): 553, doi:10.1038/srep00553.
    Description: Sea surface temperature imagery, satellite altimetry, and a surface drifter track reveal an unusual tilt in the Gulf Stream path that brought the Gulf Stream to 39.9°N near the Middle Atlantic Bight shelfbreak—200 km north of its mean position—in October 2011, while a large meander brought Gulf Stream water within 12 km of the shelfbreak in December 2011. Near-bottom temperature measurements from lobster traps on the outer continental shelf south of New England show distinct warming events (temperature increases exceeding 6°C) in November and December 2011. Moored profiler measurements over the continental slope show high salinities and temperatures, suggesting that the warm water on the continental shelf originated in the Gulf Stream. The combination of unusual water properties over the shelf and slope in late fall and the subsequent mild winter may affect seasonal stratification and habitat selection for marine life over the continental shelf in 2012.
    Description: Profiler data were made available by the Ocean Observatory Initiative (OOI) during the construction phase of the project. The OOI is funded by the National Science Foundation and managed by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Drifter data were provided by Tim Shaw and David Calhoun at Cape Fear Community College.GGGwas supported by NSFGrant OCE-1129125. RET was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region. MA was supported by the Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Climate change ; Atmospheric science ; Oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 37
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    Limited overlap between the seismic gap and coseismic slip of the great 2010 Chile earthquake (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 173-177
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Source process ; Chile ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; Seismic Gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 38
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    Evaluation of the influence of experimental conditions on H/V results from ambient noise recordings (2007)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The H/V-noise technique is now widely used to estimate site effect parameters (fundamental frequency and sometimes the associated soil amplification), and many surveys using this technique have provided convincing results. However, a general agreement on a methodology for data acquisition, data processing and result interpretation has yet to be found. H/V measurements from ambient noise recordings imply both reliability of the results and rapidity of data collection. It is therefore important to understand which experimental conditions (1) influence data quality and reliability, and (2) can help speeding up the recording process. Within the framework of the SESAME European project, a specific task was defined to investigate the reliability of the H/V spectral ratio technique in assessing the site effects. The aim of WP02, one specific Work Package of the SESAME project, is to study the effects of experimental conditions on both stability and reproducibility of H/V results. This study has been conducted in a purely experimental way, by testing the possible influence of various experimental conditions on H/V results both on the frequency peak value and on its amplitude. WP02 results help setting up the experimental conditions under which ambient noise recordings have to be performed in order to provide reproducible, reliable and meaningful H/V results. In this paper we present the results of the WP02 SESAME project concerning the evaluation of the influence of experimental conditions of ambient noise recording on H/V results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 33-74
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Microtremor ; Site effects ; Field conditions ; Measurements ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 39
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    Influence of instruments on the H/V spectral ratios of ambient vibrations (2007)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: For an optimal analysis of the H/V curve, it appears necessary to check the instrument signal to noise ratio in the studied frequency band, to ensure that the signal from the ground noise is well above the internal noise. We assess the reliability and accuracy of various digitizers, sensors and/or digitizer-sensor couples. Although this study is of general interest for any kind of seismological study, we emphasize the influence of equipment on H/V analysis results. To display the impact of the instrumental part on the H/V behavior, some series of tests have been carried out following a step-by-step procedure: first, the digitizers have been tested in the lab (sensitivity, internal noise...), then the three components sensors, still in the lab, and finally the usual user digitizers-sensors couple in lab and outdoors. In general, the digitizer characteristics, verified during this test, correspond well to the manufacturer specifications, however, depending on the digitizer, the quality of the digitized waveform can be very good to very poor, with variation from a channel to another channel (gain, time difference etc.). It appears very clearly that digitizers need a warming up time before the recording to avoid problems in the low-frequency range. Regarding the sensors, we recommend strongly to avoid the use of “classical” accelerometers (i.e., usual force balance technology). The majority of tested seismometers (broadband and short period, even 4.5 Hz) can be used without problems from 0.4 to 25 Hz. In all cases, the instrumentation should be checked first to verify that it works well for the defined study aim, but also to define its limit of use (frequency, sensitivity...).
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-31
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: H/V technique ; Instrumentation ; Microtremors ; Site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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