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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: I am grateful to all the authors who contributed to this Special Issue and the referees for reviewing the manuscripts. Finally, I give my thanks to Ms. Alisa Si and all the editorial staff of Nanomaterials for their support during the publication of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: Si ; MnO2 ; rGO ; sea urchin-like structure ; lithium-ion battery ; high performance ; silica-based anode ; Ketjen Black ; electrochemical properties ; pseudocapacitor ; carbon nanotube ; polyaniline ; fractional-order circuit model ; memory effect ; fractional derivative ; zinc-ion batteries ; conducting polymers ; zinc-ion diffusion ; metal–organic framework ; supercapacitors ; energy density ; specific capacitance ; stability ; self-powered ; wearable flexible sensor ; energy harvesting ; human motion monitoring ; triboelectric nanogenerator ; NiMoO4@MnCo2O4 ; microstructure ; electrochemical performance ; cycling stability ; semiconductor superlattice ; dielectric capacity ; energy storage ; first-principles calculation ; supercapacitor ; organic crosslinked polymer ; porous carbon ; electrochemistry ; α-Fe2O3@MnO2 ; electrode materials ; flexibility ; hydrogen generation ; porous titanium oxide cage ; PtNi nanoparticles ; sodium borohydride hydrolysis ; NaBH4 ; graphene oxide ; catalytic activity ; hydrolysis ; aqueous zinc ion battery ; transition metal chalcogenides ; layered structure ; cathode ; energy storage mechanism ; g-C3N4 ; perovskite solar cells ; additive ; surface modifier layer ; Li-rich cathode material ; voltage and capacity fade ; testing mode ; cobalt-containing nanomaterials ; morphological design ; bio-derived hard carbon ; Coulomb efficiency ; Na-ion batteries ; storage mechanism ; fibrous phosphorus ; lithium-Ion battery ; anode ; CuMn2O4 ; nanosheet arrays ; hydrothermal ; battery-type ; CoO@rGO ; graphene ; MOF ; flexible electrodes ; hollow structure ; ultrafast integration ; lithium-ion batteries ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; mechanical vibration ; durability ; platinum migration ; accelerated stress test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: From a biological perspective, the subterranean realm is one of the less studied, but at the same time, one of the most promising, theatres for new findings and research. Compared to those on the surface, the ecological conditions occurring in subterranean habitats are relatively simple, and this may be an optimal scenario for understanding the mechanisms allowing the colonization, adaptation, and evolution of species, as well as their interactions within local communities. Diversity in subterranean habitats is often overlooked, and few studies embrace whole communities or try to assess functional relationships between species. This Special Issue reprint comprises papers covering a wide range of aspects related to the distribution, composition, and roles of subterranean communities occurring in different typologies of subterranean habitats.
    Keywords: cave biology ; subterranean habitats ; vertebrates ; invertebrates ; community dynamics ; biospeleology ; hypogean ; conservation ; biodiversity ; troglobite ; troglophile ; trogloxene ; extreme environment ; niche ; epikarst ; classification trees ; Copepoda ; random forests ; Diptera ; Limonia ; Limonia nubeculosa ; Neolimonia ; Trichoceridea ; cave community ; prey ; food resources ; occupancy ; abundance ; Astyanax ; Spelaeomysis ; Troglomexicanus ; Speocirolana ; Toro cave ; Sierra de El Abra ; troglomorphy ; stygobite ; fieldwork ; wild fish ; comparative biology ; behavior ; troglomorphism ; olfactory test ; infrared movies ; amino acids ; chondroitin ; plasticity ; cybernetics ; ecology ; cavefish ; dissolved oxygen ; cave evolution ; Astyanax mexicanus ; Ostracoda ; Yucatán Peninsula ; cenotes ; mitochondrial marker ; geometric morphometrics ; population ecology ; growth ; movements ; São Domingos karst area ; subterranean fishes ; evolution ; origin of troglobites ; Brazil ; subterranean biology ; environmental science ; biogeography ; distribution records ; groundwater ; underwater caves ; cenote ; mysid ; stygobiont ; bioindicator ; accidental cave visitors ; Arachnida ; Araneae ; arid ; levant ; Mediterranean ; species diversity ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The green mining of coal resources aims to realize the best economic and environmental benefits in the process of coal resource development, which is relevant to the sustainable development of the earth. Green mining technologies include the following: water-preserved mining for water resource protection; filling mining for the protection of the earth and buildings; simultaneous extraction of coal and gas for the realization of gas discharge; intelligent green mining to realize emission reduction; clean energy development in mining enterprises for the realization of resource transformation; and water and soil ecological restoration for the ecological protection of mining areas.
    Keywords: residual coal pillar ; gob-side entry driving ; extra-thick coal seam ; coal pillar size ; surrounding rock control ; directional long borehole ; long-distance ; heading face ; permeability evolution ; gas pressure evolution ; gas drainage ; pre-splitting blasting ; roof cutting technology ; hydraulic fracturing ; no-coal pillar mining ; thick hard roof ; pressure relief technology ; sandstone ; deformation behavior ; mining stress path ; coal ; solid propellant blasting ; borehole wall pressure ; damage fracture law ; experimental study ; main roadway group ; mining-induced stress ; surrounding rock stability ; ground control ; deflection of principal stress ; close-distance coal seams ; stopping space ; roof rocks ; stability ; asymmetric control ; deep mine ; coal roadway ; numerical simulation ; pressure relief ; external anchor–internal unloading ; surrounding rock control technology ; multi-seam mining ; gas emission of working face ; hydrocarbon isotope ; gas emission rate of adjacent coal seam ; mining fracture zone height ; fully mechanized top coal caving mining ; triangle-block structure ; beam structure ; cable truss ; support ; mining pressures ; gob-side coal roadway ; asymmetric floor heave ; failure mechanism ; cooperative control ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The states of bridge structures decline over time due to various degradation processes, such as creep, corrosion, and cyclic loading. During its life cycle, a bridge also faces the great threat of multiple hazards, such as winds, earthquakes, collisions, waves, landslides, and so on. Structural damages in an existing bridge affect operational and structural safety and weaken the sustainability of bridges. Therefore, advanced damage diagnosis techniques and safety assessment methods are strongly required to ensure structural safety and achieve infrastructure sustainability. This Special Issue aims to bring together recent scientific developments in probabilistic hazard analysis, structural exposure models, damage diagnosis methods, testing and measurement techniques, dynamic behavior and protection technology, damage mechanisms, risk assessment framework, and resilience-based approaches. Since we have past one year since this Special Issue opened, thirteen papers have been published, the majority of which focus on the structural safety assessment of bridges under wind, earthquake, collision, wave, etc. The Guest Editors believe that this reprint will provide important theoretical and technical support for bridge damage diagnosis and safety assessment and promote communication and cooperation between design, construction, research, teaching, and production.
    Keywords: self-consolidating concrete ; micro-steel fiber ; high admixture ; mechanical performance ; grid pile foundation ; ABAQUS ; load-bearing performance ; Monte Carlo method ; safety assessment ; sea-crossing bridges ; triangle elevation ; leveling method ; dynamic compensation ; total station ; harsh environment ; long distance ; sea-crossing elevation ; combined survey platform ; numerical simulation ; strong wave and deep-water conditions ; wave-current load ; working performance ; arch bridge ; ultimate span length ; theoretical analysis ; high-performance material ; strength ; stability ; bridge ; near-fault earthquake ; vertical separation ; eccentric impact ; failure mode ; pounding ; prefabricated frame bridge ; seismic behaviors ; small and medium bridge ; seismic responses ; stopper damage ; numerical method ; conformal mapping ; closed box girder ; sliding searching method ; flutter performance ; aerodynamic forces ; streamlined box girder ; coupled vibration ; potential flow ; second-order component ; bridge engineering ; temperature gradient ; parameter sensitivity ; steel slag ; concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) ; T-joint ; seismic performance ; concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) ; laced piers ; modeling method ; design optimization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint showcases a collection of a Special Issue entitled “Soilless Culture, Growing Media and Horticultural Plants”. Within its pages, readers will find an assortment of 22 original papers accompanied by 1 review paper and 1 editorial. Representing a collaborative effort involving by 84 authors from 15 different countries, this Special Issue explores cutting-edge advancements in soilless culture, investigating the interaction between soilless and environmental factors while also exploring their consequential impacts on plant growth and physiology. Additionally, these studies meticulously scrutinize the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The compositions of nutrient solutions and the physical attributes of substrates and mixtures are illuminated through rigorous analyses. Furthermore, a spotlight is placed on the dynamic interactions between microorganisms and plant-growing media. In the near future, climate change and environmental and ecological issues will steer the trajectory of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media constituents.
    Keywords: biochar ; compost ; climate change ; hydroponics ; growing medium ; life cycle analysis ; organic bioresources ; peat alternatives ; renewable raw materials ; rockwool ; waste ; wood fibers ; soilless culture ; water soluble fertilizers ; vegetables ; Capsicum annuum L. ; Solanum melongena L. ; nutrients ; shape index ; UVR8 ; PPFD ; dose-dependent ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; phenolic compounds ; nutrient uptake ; nutrient variation ; simulation model ; sweet pepper ; restricted deficit irrigation ; soil moisture sensors ; nonchemical growth control ; water use efficiency ; peat ; growth ; cabbage ; Brassica ; emergence ; colored sweet peppers ; antioxidant activity ; phenolics ; ascorbic acid ; carotenoids ; solar and ultraviolet radiation ; peat replacement ; particle size ; calcium ; magnesium ; extractable nutrients ; dry weight ; N levels ; elevated CO2 ; open-top chamber ; nutrient transportation ; transpiration ; dilution effect ; Capsicum annuum ; flavonoids ; fluorescence monitoring ; bio-waste utilization ; NO3–N ; plant ; substrate ; container ; production ; growing media ; nursery production ; carbon ; peat moss ; bioenergy ; Solanum lycopersicum ; olive oil waste ; two-phase ; three-phase ; water sludge ; flower bud development ; flower number ; flower quality ; Gerbera jamesonii ; DLI ; urban agriculture ; simplified soilless culture ; conventional agriculture ; irrigation ; soilless substrates ; water ; coconut coir ; initial moisture ; mass wetness ; peatmoss ; pine bark ; wettability ; capillary rise ; container capacity ; capture rate ; available water ; dewpoint potentiometer ; pine tree substrate ; substrate processing ; surface-bound water ; unavailable water ; wood substrate ; organic and mineral substrates and mixtures ; laboratory characterization ; hydraulic properties ; physicochemical properties ; lettuce ; plant nutrient content ; Pelargonium zonale ; low-tech soilless cultivation system ; commercial quality ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ; rhizosphere ; plant factory ; plant quality ; plant yield ; microbiome ; beneficial bacteria ; germination ; nitrate content ; phenolic content ; antioxidant capacity ; microbial community ; nutrient solution concentration ; sweetpotato ; storage root ; leaf abscission ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue provides an update on the state of the art and current trends in polymeric drug delivery systems specifically designed for improving drug bioavailability. The multiple contributions received further strengthen the role of polymers in modern drug delivery and targeting, illustrating the different approaches possible and unveiling what the future may bring.
    Keywords: Histoplasma capsulatum ; PLGA ; Itraconazole ; macrophage ; functionalized nanoparticle ; F4/80 receptor ; rutin ; nanocrystals ; anti-inflammatory ; hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin ; nanoparticles ; budesonide ; chitosan ; colon delivery ; eudragit ; pellets ; ferrisilicate ; PEG ; insulin ; encapsulation ; diabetic mellitus ; polypeptides ; drug delivery ; doxorubicin ; cancer ; topology of poly-l-cystein ; antimicrobial ; antifouling ; pH sensitivity ; zwitterionic polymers ; gamma radiation ; copolyester ; SPION ; cysteine ; bioconjugation ; and enzymatic release ; polymeric nanoparticles ; drug delivery and targeting ; ocular posterior segment ; oxidative stress ; retinal degeneration ; nerve growth factor ; peanut agglutinin ; zebrafish ; molecular dynamics simulation ; interaction energy ; hydrogen bonding ; solid dispersion ; hot melt extrusion ; amorphous formulation ; tacrolimus ; sucrose acetate isobutyrate ; amorphous solid dispersion ; dissolution ; stability ; pharmacokinetics ; phytomedicine ; nanosponges ; lactoferrin ; bioavailability ; MDA-MB-231 cells ; caspase-3 ; cyclin-D1 ; dendrimers ; Janus nanoparticles ; biocompatibility ; nanoformulation ; pharmaceuticals ; 3D printing ; hybrid scaffold ; polycaprolactone ; vancomycin ; mesenchymal stem cells ; tissue engineering ; drug delivery systems (DDSs) ; osteomyelitis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Lipid-based nanosystems, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cationic lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, have been extensively studied to improve drug delivery through different administration routes. The main advantages linked to these systems are the ability to protect, transport, and control the release of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules (either small molecular weight or macromolecules); the use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients that minimize the toxicity of the formulations; and the possibility to modulate pharmacokinetics and enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated payloads. In addition, the versatility of lipid-based nanosystems has been further demonstrated through the delivery of vaccines, protection of cosmetic actives, or improvement in the moisturizing properties of cosmetic formulations. Currently, lipid-based nanosystems are well established, and there are already different commercially approved formulations for different human disorders. This success has actually paved the way to diversifying the pipeline of development, upon addressing unmet medical needs for several indications, such as cancer; neurological disorders; and autoimmune, genetic, and infectious diseases. This Special Issue aims to update readers on the latest research on lipid-based nanosystems, both at the preclinical and clinical levels.
    Keywords: design of experiment ; porcine mucous membrane ; ophthalmic tissues ; permeation ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; gentiopicroside ; phospholipid complex ; self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system ; oral bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; antioxidants ; marine bio-waste ; bioactive compounds ; neurodegenerative diseases ; NLC ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; SLN ; intranasal administration ; nose-to-brain ; exosome ; drug loading ; exosomal delivery ; large-scale production ; lipid nanoparticles ; mucoadhesion ; ocular bioavailability ; surface modification ; liposomes ; baricitinib ; JAK-inhibitor ; transepidermal delivery ; skin permeation ; lipid NPs ; breast cancer ; siRNA delivery ; gene silencing ; personalized therapy ; bimatoprost ; central composite design ; glaucoma ; HET-CAM test ; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) ; perillyl acid ; biodistribution ; empty lipid nanoparticles ; reactogenicity ; xenobiotics ; ionizable lipids ; isoniazid ; in vivo pharmacokinetics ; drug release profile ; histopathological toxicity ; mannosylation ; nanocarriers ; Chagas disease ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; in vivo assays ; quality by design ; plumbagin ; diabetes ; in vitro ; niosomes ; levosulpiride ; antidepressant ; acute toxicity ; in vivo imaging ; bioavailability ; cisplatin ; co-encapsulation ; mifepristone ; synergism ; gefitinib ; lipid ; surfactant ; stability ; breast cancer cell ; MTT assay ; anticancer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Partial differential equations are indispensable for modeling various phenomena and processes, such as those in physics, biology, finance, and engineering. Finding solutions to partial differential equations using qualitative theories or quantitative methods, as well as the application of such investigations to real-world problems, has drawn a large amount of interest from researchers. This reprint encompasses all the articles that were accepted and published in this Special Issue titled "Applications of Partial Differential Equations ". We hope that these accepted and published papers will be impactful and motivate future research on partial differential equations for solving complex problems in various fields, disciplines, and applications.
    Keywords: non-linear optimal control ; stratified fluids ; energy functional ; optimal condition ; state variable ; travelling waves ; Eyring–Powell ; geometric perturbation ; nonlinear reaction–diffusion ; unsteady flow ; C∞-semigroups ; analytic semigroups ; Fourier multipliers ; Λ-ellipticity ; fractional Zakharov system ; stochastic Zakharov system ; Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE method ; Jacobi elliptic function method ; generalized fractional derivative ; time-diffusion problem ; generalized linear interpolation ; numerical scheme ; backward nonlocal wave equation ; Pascal bases automatically satisfying specified conditions ; integral boundary condition ; nonlocal boundary shape function ; delay differential equations ; 2D parabolic equations ; fractional step method ; convection diffusion problems ; shallow water flow ; Faedo–Galerkin method ; feedback control ; PDE’s stabilization ; tuberculosis ; COVID-19 ; diffusion ; coinfection ; stability ; singularly perturbed problem ; parabolic differential equation ; convection–diffusion problem ; line discontinuous source term ; streamline–diffusion finite element method ; Shishkin mesh ; uniformly convergent ; diffusion equations ; traveling waves ; phototaxis ; bacterial motion ; biological aggregation ; chemotaxis model ; integral inequality ; global uniform boundedness ; CNL-GZE ; lump-type solitons ; rogue wave ; appropriate transformation technique ; optimal decay ; viscoelastic wave equation ; nonlinear time-varying delay ; nonlinear damping ; acoustic boundary conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This is a timely collection of recent diverse work on metal oxide nanomaterials, connecting their fundamental aspects and application perspectives in a concise fashion to give a broad view of the current status of this fascinating field. This book presents eight original research articles and two comprehensive reviews to highlight the recent development and understanding of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles and their use for applications in luminescence, photocatalysis, water–oil separation, optoelectronics, gas sensors, energy-saving smart windows, etc. It presents just the tip of the iceberg of the broad, dynamic, and active fundamental research and applications in the developing field of metal oxide nanomaterials by collecting a few examples of the latest advancements.
    Keywords: photoinduced hydrophilicity ; surface energy ; heterostructures ; charge transfer ; work function ; adsorbed water ; nanocarrier ; nanoparticle ; age-dependent adsorption ; Langmuir isotherm ; deoxynucleoside monophosphate ; silica@zirconia ; core@shell ; solution NMR ; buffer interference with adsorption ; VO2 ; phase change material ; flexible thin film ; thermochromics ; energy efficient materials ; RF magnetron sputtering ; ZnO:N thin films ; Raman spectroscopy ; photoluminescence spectroscopy ; electrical characteristics ; charge carrier transport properties ; nanostructured surface ; wettability ; metal fiber felt ; oil–water separation ; emulsion ; nanocomposite ; worm-like micelle ; viscoelastic surfactant ; fracturing fluid ; stability ; two-dimensional materials ; metal oxide ; nanoparticles ; composite materials ; gas sensors ; microstructure ; composites ; photoactivity ; pesticides ; wastewater ; photocatalysis ; metal oxides ; semiconductors ; BaZrO3 ; europium ; luminescence ; EXAFS ; defect ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Greenhouse cultivation provides an artificially controlled environment for the year-round production of vegetables, and has played an increasingly important role in agriculture production systems in recent decades. Recent works have shown that improving greenhouse conditions can promote the growth of vegetables and enhance the uptake of nutrients, leading to better vegetable quality. Meanwhile, greenhouse conditions not only directly influence soil nutrient cycling processes and properties, but also indirectly affect them by regulating vegetable root growth and plant–soil interactions. This Special Issue features twelve original research articles that deal with the effects of novel greenhouse practices and strategies on the yield and quality of horticulture crops, as well as greenhouse soil properties. Among these publications, three studied the effects of fertilizers, including organic and macro- and micro-nutrient fertilizers, on the growth and nutrient uptake of vegetables. Two articles described the effects of water and nutrient supply using irrigation or hydroponic supplying systems on the yield and quality of vegetables. Four articles investigated the effects of environmental conditions (mainly light and temperature) on the growth and quality of vegetables. In terms of degenerated greenhouse soil, three articles showed how reductive soil disinfestation decreased soil salinity, improved soil quality, and inactivated soil-borne pathogens.
    Keywords: daily light integral ; cucumber seedling ; seedling quality ; flower development ; boron ; application methods ; growth ; fruit quality ; tomato ; protected greenhouse ; soilless culture ; poultry manure ; yield enhancement ; cucumber ; univariate analysis ; multivariate analysis ; nutrient uptake ; sweet onion ; nerokremmydo ; aeroponic ; floating ; nutrient film technique ; bulb ; application rate ; nitrate ; organic acid ; soil-borne pathogens ; soil pH ; sulfate ; growth rate ; root morphology ; ammonium to nitrate ratio ; nutrient solution composition ; nitrogen efficiency ; net assimilation rate (NAR) ; leaf nitrogen ; fruit temperature ; dry matter ; chlorophyll ; microbial activity ; organic fertilizer ; plastic shed cultivation system ; reductive soil disinfestation ; soil quality ; aromatic substances ; carbon exportation ; flavor quality ; nutrient and function indicator ; overall appearance ; microbial community ; microbial function ; co-occurrence network ; soil ecosystem ; alternate drip irrigation under mulch ; water ; zeolite amount ; tomato growth ; water use efficiency ; principal component ; solar radiation ; humidity ; temperature ; irrigation water use efficiency ; yield ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue is a collection of research topics on developing analytical and bioanalytical methods for isolation, identification, and determination of substances in biomedical and pharmaceutical matrices. Special attention is given to advancements in sample preparation, separation techniques and novel detection methods of small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies. The presented analytical methods exhibit several applications, including pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, microdialysis, toxicology, disease screening or drug stability study. Two comprehensive review articles were also presented on applying capillary electrophoresis to analyze bioactive compounds in herbal matrices.
    Keywords: CNS ; sulfasalazine ; brain to plasma ratio ; LC-ESI-TOF-MS ; rituximab ; quadripolar mass spectrometer ; albumin depletion ; pharmacokinetics ; orbitrap mass spectrometer ; IgG-immunocapture ; bubble-generating magnetic liposomes ; bionic membrane ; permeable compounds ; herbal medicines ; LC–MS ; capillary electrophoresis ; herbal ; raw material ; tea ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; amino acids ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; chlorambucil and valproic acid ; HPLC-UV and GC-MS methods ; optimization and validation ; determination in plasma ; combined anticancer therapy ; herbal drugs ; medicinal plants ; quality control ; quantitative analysis ; pharmaceutical analysis ; 4-acetamidobenzoic acid ; validation ; pharmacokinetic ; pigs ; LC-MS/MS ; iron determination ; spectrophotometry ; flow analysis ; direct injection detector ; multi-pumping flow system ; medical errors ; hospital workflow ; patient safety ; Raman spectroscopy ; IV drugs ; piperacillin ; tazobactam ; non-invasively ; vildagliptin ; remogliflozin ; ratio derivative spectrophotometry ; determination ; formulation ; ecofriendly ; confidence interval ; stability ; retrospective analysis ; sample size ; regulatory bioanalysis ; bioanalytical method validation ; heparin ; metal–organic framework ; zeolite imidazolate framework-8 ; kinetic ; thermodynamic ; Oncheong-eum ; traditional herbal prescription ; method development ; method validation ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; thalassemia ; human hemoglobin ; wooden-tip electrospray ionization ; multiply charged ions ; mass spectrometry ; multiply charged ion ; GC–MS ; analytical QbD ; genotoxic impurity ; alkyl halide ; (Q)SAR ; analytical method development ; tyrosine kinase inhibitor ; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; active metabolite ; therapeutic drug monitoring ; chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; assay error equation ; oral anticancer drug ; IWR-1-endo ; Wnt signaling inhibitor ; solid-phase extraction ; cerebral microdialysis ; bioanalysis ; Tafamidis ; polymorphs ; crystal structure ; powder diffraction ; thermal stability ; blood collection tubes ; citrate anticoagulant ; direct spectrometric determination ; quality control method ; anticoagulant concentration ; draw volume ; anticoagulant volume ; magnesium contamination ; potassium contamination ; Agrimonia pilosa ; apigenin-7-O-glucuronide ; cream ; HPLC-DAD ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: In recent years, peptides generated from various marine organisms have attracted wide attention due to their diverse chemical structures and bioactivities, including antioxidant, immune-modulating, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, antiviral, cytotoxic, neurotoxic, anticoagulant, antifreeze, etc. Moreover, bioactive peptides can serve as additional functional components used in health foods, nutraceuticals, bio-preservatives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The Special Issue on “Marine Bioactive Peptides—Structure, Function, and Application” aimed to collect papers on up-to-date information regarding the preparation, structural identification, activity and functional evaluation, and application of marine bioactive peptides.
    Keywords: internal organs of Urechis unicinctus ; ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis ; polypeptide ; antioxidant activity ; monkfish peptides ; NAFLD ; the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway ; lipid metabolism ; Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) ; cartilage ; collagen peptide ; cytoprotection ; Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate ; krill oil-in-water emulsion ; lipid oxidation ; Pinctada martensii purified peptides ; molecular docking ; traceless healing ; Cyclina sinensis ; pentadecapeptide ; immunomodulatory ; cyclophosphamide ; mechanism ; red alga ; Gracilariopsis chorda ; bioactive peptides ; ACE inhibitory activity ; DPP-IV inhibitory activity ; DPPH scavenging activity ; Laminaria digitata ; ACE-1 inhibition ; protein hydrolysate ; brown seaweed ; in silico analysis ; skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) ; antioxidant peptide ; skin photoaging ; ultraviolet radiation ; protective function ; anti-apoptosis ; monkfish (Lophius litulon) ; swim bladders ; peptide ; stability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The exposure of animals to environmental stresses (restraint, bad housing conditions, irradiation, pollution, diseases, and heat stress) and endogenous stresses (metabolic and physiological disorders) can seriously disrupt the redox homeostasis, leading to impairments in animals’ health and overall performance. Under these circumstances, the self-antioxidant defense system may not be enough to neutralize ROS effects. In this context, the utilization of an exogenous source of antioxidants, mainly dietary sources, may present an effective and cost-effective solution. There are a plethora of substances, either naturally occurring or synthesized (organic acids, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and specific feed additives originating from plants such as essential oils and polyphenols), known for their antioxidant activity, that can be used to maintain adequate redox status in animals in order to preserve their well-being and/or productivity. This area of research still needs more investigations in order to clearly elucidate the effective antioxidant substances that could be used in practical applications, with an emphasis on their biological mechanisms during different physiological conditions and health statuses. We intend to bring together current research concerning the role of antioxidant substances either from natural sources or those synthesized for improving animal production, reproduction, health, and welfare.
    Keywords: antinutrient ; enzyme ; fermentation ; fiber ; gut health ; microbiota ; meta-analysis ; poultry ; prebiotic ; antioxidants ; growth ; heat stress ; rabbit ; selenium ; spirulina ; zinc ; broiler ; dietary protein level ; phytogenic feed additive ; growth performance ; immune response ; exercise ; endurance ; undenatured type II collagen ; anti-inflammatory ; cardiac injury markers ; oxidative stress ; histopathology ; Bcl-2 ; Bax ; TGF-β1 ; date palm (pollen extract) ; doxorubicin ; nitrocompounds ; nitropropanol ; nitroethanol ; biochemical parameters ; oregano essential oil ; temperature ; sea bass ; cornelian cherry extract ; glucose transporter ; gene expression ; oxidative biomarker ; chicken ; cyclic heat stress ; Spirulina platensis ; redox status ; serum metabolites ; blood hematology ; meat quality ; fipronil ; boswellic acid ; PCNA ; semen ; fertility-related markers ; Oreochromis niloticus ; antioxidant ; hematology ; nitric oxide ; lysozyme ; copper toxicity ; vitamin C ; vitamin E ; hematological parameters ; phytogenic ; phenols ; antimicrobial activity ; immunity ; phenolic antioxidant ; olive oil ; caprine ; spermatozoa ; Bayesian inference ; Duroc breed boars ; biochemistry ; blood parameters ; feeding time ; correlation coefficients ; Turraea fischeri ; polyphenolics ; semen cryopreservation ; sperm ultrastructure ; antioxidant biomarker ; apoptosis ; nano particles ; performance ; blood ; pathogens ; quails ; carcass traits ; blood biochemical constituents ; abdominal fat color ; meat fatty acid profile ; liver histology ; broilers ; Eimeria tenella ; broiler chickens ; oocyst shedding ; volatile fatty acids ; feed efficiency ; cecal health ; active yeast ; antioxidant status ; nutrient density ; trace element ; laying hen performance ; high temperature ; inflammation ; cryopreservation ; tannin ; polyphenols ; semen additives ; carcass ; fructooligosaccharide ; haemato-biochemical parameters ; cecal microbiota ; propolis ; bee pollen ; productive performance ; fertility ; Holstein ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In recent years, we have seen a growing interest in various aspects of approximation theory. This happened due to the increasing complexity of mathematical models that require computer calculations and the development of the theoretical foundations of the approximation theory. Approximation theory has broad and important applications in many areas of mathematics, including functional analysis, differential equations, dynamical systems theory, mathematical physics, control theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics, and others. Approximation theory is also of great practical importance, as approximate methods and estimation of approximation errors are used in physics, economics, chemistry, signal theory, neural networks and many other areas. This book presents the works published in the Special Issue "Approximation Theory and Related Applications". The research of the world’s leading scientists presented in this book reflect new trends in approximation theory and related topics.
    Keywords: generalized Caputo proportional fractional derivative ; stability ; exponential stability ; Mittag–Leffler stability ; quadratic Lyapunov functions ; Hopfield neural networks ; fixed point ; partial metric space ; modular space ; partial modular space ; weakly compatible mappings ; C-class function ; Volterra integral equation ; statistical convergence ; quasi-statistical convergence ; asymptotic density ; quasi-density ; the matrix summability method ; Riemann and Lebesgue integrals ; statistical Riemann and Lebesgue integral ; deferred weighted Riemann summability ; Banach space ; Bernstein polynomials ; positive linear operators ; Korovkin-type approximation theorems ; Lebesgue-measurable sequences of functions ; Weyl-Nagy classes ; generalized Abel-Poisson integral ; asymptotic equality ; Kolmogorov–Nikol’skii problem ; uniform metric ; BMO ; degenerate Beltrami equations ; asymptotic homogeneity at infinity ; conformality by Belinskii and by Lavrent’iev ; hydromechanics ; fluid mechanics ; parabolic system ; optimal control ; averaging method ; approximate solution ; reverse Hardy’s inequality ; dynamic inequality ; time scale ; Fuzzy Modus Ponens ; Fuzzy Modus Tollens ; reasoning algorithm ; intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; interval-valued fuzzy sets ; confluent hypergeometric function of several variables ; recurrence relations ; branched continued fraction ; approximant ; uniform convergence ; symmetric polynomial on a Banach space ; continuous polynomial on a Banach space ; algebraic basis ; Lebesgue-Rohlin space ; symbolic regression ; Mean Square Error ; Pearson Correlation Coefficient ; oscillations in solutions ; dynamic system criteria ; waste gasification ; Occam’s Razor ; nonparametric estimation ; pointwise error ; local Hölder space ; wavelet ; set of multisets ; topological rings ; supersymmetric polynomials ; symmetric bases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on fish otoliths, as one of the most useful and important biological structures for fishery scientists and managers around the world. Collected papers cover several different research areas, from the otolith macro- to the microstructure and microchemistry, analyzing different types of otoliths and investigating various freshwater and marine species in their larval, juvenile and adult stages. Special attention is given to different approaches in otolith research and to many practical applications of such studies. The obtained data served to determine the age and growth of individual fish; to study habitat interactions, migration patterns, or habitats that the fish live in; to detect water temperatures or the presence of certain pollutants in the environment; and to reveal all other vital information about the life history of the fish.
    Keywords: sagittal otolith ; somatic growth ; long-lived fishes ; ontogeny ; teleost anatomy ; development ; fish morphology ; Fourier ; marking ; alizarin complexone ; hard tissue ; fin ray ; otolith ; scale ; silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ; age ; growth ; otoliths ; morphometry ; Sphyraena sphyraena ; fish age determination ; Greenland halibut ; deep learning ; dataset shift ; domain adaptation ; red snapper ; wavelet ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; asteriscus ; side effect ; otolith shape ; geographical effect ; temperature effect ; pH ; brook trout ; fish kill ; anadromy ; otolith microchemistry ; crucian carp ; strontium ; marking efficiency ; restocking ; time delay ; fish otoliths ; CNN ; age determination ; web tool ; Kokanee ; homing ; stocking ; Anguilla anguilla ; fish biology ; ecosystem variability ; minho river ; stock assessment ; Coilia nasus ; river estuary ; Yellow Sea ; elemental signature ; stable isotopic signature ; stock spatial structure ; atherinids ; trade-off ; daily growth ; spawning ; European hake ; length–frequency distribution ; sex-ratio ; hydro-morpho-sedimentary characteristics ; marginal increment analysis ; band deposition ; Thunnus thynnus ; growth curves ; edge analysis ; growth performance index ; quartile of marginal growth band method ; k-fold cross-validation ; back-calculation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on feeding and feed technology advances and challenges in aquaculture. These are of particular interest since aquaculture and fisheries are considered crucial sources of animal protein in human diets, providing around 17% of global edible animal protein. Special attention is given to alternative sources of fish meal and how substitutions can influence the metabolism, immune response, and disease resistance of the targeted species. Moreover, the impact of plant extracts on growth performances, physiological responses, immunity, and intestinal health is addressed.
    Keywords: Pacific bluefin tuna ; squid meal ; krill meal ; heat treatment ; growth performance ; dietary protein ; glycolipid metabolism ; immune response ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; high temperature ; Macleaya cordata extract ; serum lipid ; antioxidant ability ; intestinal microbiota ; intestinal health ; Anguilla rostrata ; feed additives ; immune gene expressions ; antioxidant defensive system ; Spirulina ; digestive enzymes ; hepatic enzymes ; gene expression ; aquaculture ; cyanobacteria ; Bangladesh ; children ; dry fish ; malnutrition ; minerals ; nutrients ; protein ; vitamins ; women ; whitebait ; larval diet ; formulated feed ; PUFA ; HUFA ; herbal medicines ; growth ; striped catfish ; immunity ; largemouth bass ; pompano ; amberjack ; red drum ; algal oil ; olive flounder ; fish meal replacement ; meat meal ; regression analysis ; innate immune response ; Lamiaceae ; fish ; health ; antioxidant ; nutrition ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; astaxanthin ; pigmentation deposit ; antioxidation ; Ctenopharyngodon idellus ; Phragmites australis ; serum biochemistry ; immune-related factors ; immune gene ; alternative protein source ; essential amino acid ; insect meal ; protein replacement ; T. tinca ; whole-body composition ; feed ; insects ; innovation ; sustainability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAF Fisheries and related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Weeds are the most important biological factor that affects yield in herbaceous and perennial crops. Nowadays, following the recommendations of government institutions and public opinion, there is an urgent need to search for sustainable weed management practices that have a low impact on the environment and on the health of living organisms. This reprint, established after closing the Special Issue “Sustainable Weed Management” edited by Dr. Alessia Restuccia and Dr. Aurelio Scavo, is a collection of papers (17 research articles and 1 review) related to the recent advancements in sustainable weed control methods and to the biotic and abiotic factors affecting weed adaptation.
    Keywords: cover crop ; weed management ; seed bank ; weed associations ; species richness ; multivariate analysis ; sustainability ; crop competition ; cultural management ; rainfall ; rain-fed agriculture ; seed production ; weed suppression ; weed density ; alternative weed management ; buffalobur ; crop and herbicide rotation ; herbicide efficacy ; surfactant ; terpenes ; mechanism of action ; germination inhibitors ; crops ; allelopathy ; phytochemicals ; P. hysterophorus ; germination ; growth ; herbicide resistance ; resistance mechanisms ; NTSR mechanisms ; TSR mechanisms ; metabolism ; organic ; no-till ; agroecology ; competition ; dispersal ; landscape ; oilseed rape ; sustainable weed management ; growth curve ; plant traits ; elevation gradient ; climate change ; invasive plant species ; Ophraella communa ; invasive species management ; contact herbicide ; pelargonic acid ; esterified seed oil ; foliar penetration ; adjuvant ; tank-mix partner ; non-chemical weed management ; rare weeds ; weed control ; winter wheat ; Chinese elm ; woody weed ; chemical control ; stem implantation ; Olea europaea L. ; Mediterranean basin ; agroecological practices ; minimum tillage ; zero tillage ; pollinating and predatory insects ; agroforestry ; intercropping ; consociation ; weeds ; barley ; false seedbed ; cropping system ; bioherbicides ; compost processing ; coniferous volatiles ; Pinus densiflora ; Pinus koraiensis ; thermal resistance ; durum wheat ; seed germination ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; Portulaca oleracea ; Stellaria media ; rice ; cultural methods ; herbicides ; impacts ; soil microorganisms ; soil enzymes ; Triticum durum ; soil seedbank ; species diversity ; weed communities ; old landraces ; multivariate statistics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: In recent research on natural processes, mathematical modeling has become a very useful tool. It is often the case that, in fields such as economics and biology, a temporal lag between cause and effect must often be taken into consideration. In modeling, a natural and practical implementation of this phenomenon is through the use of distributed delays. This is because they illustrate the situation where temporal lags arise in certain ranges of values for certain related probability distributions, taking into account the variables’ entire history of behavior. Another mathematical tool that allows for the memory and inherited properties of systems to be encompassed in a model is the replacement of integer-order derivatives with fractional derivatives. To address realistic conditions, stochastic perturbation framed by a stochastic differential delay system can be used to explain the ambiguity about the context in which the system operates. The present book comprises all the 16 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Advances in Differential Dynamical Systems with Applications to Economics and Biology” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, with focuses on the dynamical analysis of mathematical models, arising from economy and biology, and innovative developments in mathematical techniques for their applications. We expect that the international scientific community will find this collection of research papers influential and that they will spur additional investigations on diverse applications with respect to dynamical systems in all scientific areas.
    Keywords: dynamical systems ; time delay ; stability ; bifurcation analysis in economic and biological systems ; chaotic behaviors ; fractional order systems ; numerical methods ; economic modeling ; infection modeling ; epidemic spreading ; blood flow models ; optimal control ; reaction&ndash ; diffusion systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The present reprint contains 33 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue entitled “Advancement of Mathematical Methods in Feature Representation Learning for Artificial Intelligence, Data Mining and Robotics, 2022” in the MDPI journal, Mathematics, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of feature representation learning for image processing, artificial intelligence, data mining and robotics. These topics include, among others, elements from image blurring, image aesthetic quality assessment, pedestrian detection, visual tracking, vehicle re-identification, face recognition, 3D reconstruction, the stability of switched systems, domain adaption, deep reinforcement, sentiment analysis, graph convolutional networks, knowledge graphs, geometric metric learning, etc. It is hoped that this reprint will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of image processing, computer vision, machine learning, natural language processing and robotics, as well as for those with backgrounds in machine learning who are willing to become familiar with recent advancements in artificial intelligence, which, today, is present in almost all aspects of human life and activities.
    Keywords: head detection ; YoloV4 ; NMS ; soft-NMS ; people counting ; vehicle re-identification ; license plate recognition ; video surveillance ; feature extraction ; pedestrian detection ; machine learning ; end-to-end ; anchor-free ; feature reuse ; correlation filters ; second-order fitting ; visual tracking ; DCNN-BiLSTM ; domain adaptation ; MMD ; fine-tuning ; C-MAPSS ; cross-working ; small sample ; blind image deblurring ; image prior ; sparse channel ; sparsity ; multi-output ; kNN ; metric learning ; cost-weighted ; geometric mean metric ; motion deblurring ; image super-resolution ; multi-order attention ; gated learning ; decoupling ; face recognition ; second-order gradient ; image gradient orientations ; collaborative-representation-based classification ; image aesthetic assessment ; semi-supervised learning ; label propagation ; deep learning ; computer vision ; garbage quantity identification ; YOLOX ; Soft-NMS ; stability ; switched system ; state-dependent switching ; time delay ; multi-source domain adaptation ; Dempster–Shafer evidence theory ; cross-domain classification ; 3D reconstruction ; multi-view stereo ; structure from motion ; background matting ; adversarial example ; feature transformation ; black-box attack ; ensemble attack ; deep neural network ; intelligent design ; data analysis ; models and algorithms ; extension theory ; scheme design ; adversarial learning ; adversarial equilibrium ; transferability quantification ; power load forecasting ; routing, modulation and spectrum assignment ; elastic optical networks ; deep reinforcement learning ; knowledge distillation ; aspect-based sentiment analysis ; graph neural networks ; dependency trees ; dependency types ; graph attention mechanism ; syntactic ; semantic ; vehicle color recognition ; low–high level joint task ; object detection ; joint semantic learning ; rainy image recovery ; XSS attack ; traffic detection ; payloads ; fusion verification ; hypergraph matching ; similarity metric ; information-theoretic metric learning ; mixed noise removal ; matrix nuclear norm ; logarithm norm ; ADMM ; plug-and-play ; aspect-level sentiment classification ; external knowledge ; KGE ; GCN ; discriminative feature learning ; multidimensional scaling ; fuzzy k-means ; pairwise constraint propagation ; iterative majorization algorithm ; Aspect Level Sentiment Classification ; Contrasitve Learning ; Graph Convolutional Networks ; graph convolutional networks ; commonsense knowledge graph ; anomaly detection ; cyber–physical ; industrial control systems ; image classification ; large-margin technique ; robustness ; anti-noise performance ; cross-domain sentiment classification ; word embedding ; GAT ; hate speech detection ; contrastive learning ; multi-task learning ; attention mechanism ; state reconstruction ; gait adjustment ; uncertain temporal knowledge graph ; temporal knowledge graph ; knowledge graph embedding ; confidence score ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The business model concept has gained a prominent position both in academia and among practitioners during the past 30+ years. The aim of this Special Issue of Systems is to contribute to a stronger theoretical basis for the business model concept. This includes a focus on the systemic character of business models and the systems approaches that this entails. Another important aspect is to allocate more attention to innovations of business models. The business models that emerged with e-commerce and e-business as such were in themselves innovations. However, innovations of business models have received too little attention. Most of the business models analyzed and discussed in the business model literature have been rather static instead of dynamic. This is the reason why this Special Issue of Systems, entitled ‘Business Model—the Perspective of Systems Thinking and Innovation’, has been developed.
    Keywords: digital business models ; digital economy ; network effects ; digital business model innovation ; digital innovation ; systems thinking ; Rich Picture ; complexity ; Netflix ; port supply chain ; blockchain ; smart contract ; probabilistic model checking ; luxury hotel ; COVID-19 ; marketing ; human resource ; efficiency ; TRIZ ; decision making ; social commerce ; e-commerce ; social media ; business model ; network steam ; business model innovation ; blitz canvas ; process-driven business models ; business model canvas ; lean startups ; adaptability ; ecological fitness ; entropy ; environment ; growth ; stability ; start-ups ; survival ; synchronous ; sustainability ; system design thinking ; system innovation ; designer ; open system approach ; product innovation ; attention allocation ; strategic attentions ; external information sources ; absorptive capacity ; organizational learning ; service design ; digital technology ; experience innovation ; cultural heritage ; supply chain system ; data sharing ; access control ; system verification ; supply chain ; data ownership ; data asset trading ; block chain ; demand-side economies of scope ; economies of scale ; Big Tech corporations ; business models ; system dynamics ; agriculture value chain ; farmers behavior ; fresh products production ; incumbents ; innovation management ; exploration ; renewal ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
    Keywords: timber structures ; estimating mechanical parameters ; small clear specimens ; non-destructive tests ; semi-destructive tests ; resistance drilling ; ultrasonic wave ; stress wave ; visual grading ; concrete ; NDT ; finite element method ; experiment ; automated inspection ; frequency domain ; validation ; sulfate attack ; physical and mechanical properties ; damage model ; microstructure ; external thermal insulation systems ; mechanical properties of bonds ; polyurethane adhesive ; timber frame building ; bond strength ; shear properties ; residual magnetic field ; Barkhausen noise ; LCR circuits ; plastic deformation ; austenitic steel ; steel fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel fibres ; waste sand properties ; reinforced beam ; shear cracking ; shear capacity ; non-destructive testing ; damage detection ; vibrations ; modal analysis ; continuous wavelet transform ; concrete beam ; strengthening ; adhesive joint ; debonding ; S355 steel ; uniaxial tensile test ; strength properties ; true stress-strain relationships ; confining pressure ; expansive clay ; fiber ; flexible wall permeameter ; hydraulic conductivity ; lime ; rigid wall permeameter ; concrete corrosion ; concrete protection ; steel corrosion ; concrete durability ; coating materials ; masonry structures ; autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) ; compressive strength ; minor-destructive (MDT) techniques ; non-destructive (NDT) techniques ; ultrasonic testing ; acoustoelastic effect (AE) ; hydrostatic stresses ; modeling ; DIC technique ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction architecture material ; inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) ; proficiency testing (PT) ; concrete quality assessment ; fracture mechanics ; ductile fracture ; material microstructure ; void growth ; FEM model ; material testing ; geodesic dome ; seismic response ; dynamic analysis ; seismic analysis ; high temperature ; fire temperature ; residual strength ; heat accumulation factor ; variational asymptotic method ; reduced-order plate model ; orthogrid-stiffened panel ; free-vibration analysis ; global buckling ; steel plates ; ultrasonic tomography ; base material ; rock ; post-installed anchors ; adhesive anchor ; mechanical anchor ; load-bearing capacity ; GSI ; RMR ; rebound value ; rebound hammer ; semi-flexible pavement ; fatigue resistance ; cracking mechanism ; fatigue prediction ; fracture surface ; cement–cellulose composites ; ventilated façade ; acoustic emission method ; frequencies of acoustic emission signals ; geosynthetic ; design ; pullout resistance ; effective length ; reinforced earth ; clay bricks ; cement lime mortar ; infill masonry wall ; destructive force ; self-stressed anti-washout concrete ; segment assembly ; undrained strengthening ; axial compression test ; mechanical properties ; CFRP grid ; PCM ; interface ; mechanical model ; pull-out test ; finite element analysis ; external walls ; thermal measurements ; R-value ; thermal resistance ; temperature-based method ; heat flow meter method ; infrared thermography method ; 3D textile composite ; equivalent model ; buckling analysis ; interlaboratory comparison (ILC) ; risk analysis ; measurements uncertainty (MU) ; ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) ; assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) ; construction product ; market surveillance ; artificial weathering testing in civil engineering ; construction profiles ; natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites ; building performance assessment ; microstructure analysis ; stairs ; masonry ; clay brick ; arch ; vault ; management ; quality ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; TLS ; low-temperature construction additive ; preparation method ; volumetric properties ; modification mechanism ; mixture performance ; bio-rejuvenated additive ; 100% rejuvenation ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; regeneration mechanism ; pavement performance ; macro-strain mode ; medium- and small-span bridges ; wavelet transform ; cross-correlation function ; hygrothermal simulation ; capillary active internal insulation ; mould risk ; moisture effects ; subgrade ; static load test ; deformation modulus ; reliability ; fine-grain concrete ; bond ; industrial computed tomography ; numerical simulation ; xCT ; rectangular profile ; torsional stiffness ; stiffness increase ; research ; guided waves ; longitudinal wave ; discrete element method ; numerical modelling ; dispersion curves ; recycled aggregate concrete ; sustainable aggregate ; flexural strength ; gradient boosting ; random forest ; ventilated facades ; large-scale model ; fibre cement boards ; fire exposure ; Bayesian approach ; prestressing force ; saw-cut method ; assessment ; pre-tensioned members ; waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores ; artificially supported mining method ; backfill ; activation ; nanomodifier astralene ; ultimate compressive strength ; cement ; air-entraining admixture ; plasticizing ; porosity ; air-content ; strength ; freeze-thawing resistance ; storage systems ; looseness ; stiffness ; beam-end connection ; bending ; gap ; clearance ; plastic viscosity ; yield stress ; machine learning ; volcanic soil ; mechanical property ; strength index ; particle crushing ; road engineering ; pavement ; fatigue ; modules ; FEM ; light weight deflectometer ; solid fired brick ; defects in the internal structure ; resonant pulse method ; material durability ; drying of soil ; microwave heating ; soil structure ; computed microtomography ; water content ; buckling ; stability ; civil engineering ; slender bars ; columns ; numerical analysis ; variable cross-section ; waste glass ; recycling ; construction materials ; sustainable concrete ; steel fiber ; building material ; fibers ; mortar ; hybrid ; artificial neural networks ; fibre-cement boards ; acoustic emission ; SEM ; steel fibers ; steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; backfill mining ; loading rate ; cumulative ringing count ; damage constitutive model ; CFRP ; bond–slip law ; RC slab ; retrofit ; strengthen ; self-compacting concrete ; prediction models ; FRP ; continuous RC slab ; optimal design ; asphalt aging ; material property ; climate condition ; pavement structure ; field rut depth ; precast concrete products ; quality control ; OC curve ; AOQ curve ; shear wave velocity ; bender elements ; triaxial testing ; micromechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The delicate balance of resource intensity and efficiency of a solution for a very complex problem raises the issue of how these aspects constitute a symmetrical or asymmetrical system. Computational Intelligence (CI) offers a plethora of efficient tools for the potential and rather good quality solution of highly complex, often mathematically intractable problems. This "toolbox" is one of the best examples for the study of the above mentioned issue, namely, how to find the best balance, how to establish a symmetry of weights or costs in a particular field, for a particular problem. This special issue presents a number of interesting novel applications of CI for the tackling of a wide variety of difficult problems. The Introduction gives a short insight into the symmetry and asymmetry aspect of the topic.
    Keywords: lung nodule segmentation ; 3D-UNet ; 3D-Res2UNet ; multi-scale features ; deep learning ; butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; cubic map ; nonlinear ; high dimension ; extensional fuzzy numbers ; MI-algebras ; similarity ; arithmetics of fuzzy numbers ; orderings ; fuzzy interpolation ; economic data ; air defense system ; artificial immune system ; command and control ; learning classifier system ; multi-agent systems ; weapon-target assignment ; energy optimization ; genetic algorithms ; multi-objective optimization ; artificial neural network simulator ; artificial intelligence ; artificial bee colony algorithm ; global optimization ; neural network ; nonlinear static system ; behavioural finance ; imprecision ; oriented fuzzy number ; oriented present value ; oriented return ; S-divergence ; S-distance ; spectral clustering ; text summarization ; recurrent neural network ; embedding ; dynamic memory network ; fuzzy-rough cognitive network ; fuzzy cognitive map ; granular computing ; fuzzy-rough sets ; stability ; convergence ; discrete bacterial memetic evolutionary algorithm ; simulated annealing ; flow shop scheduling problem ; global sensitivity analysis ; Sobol procedure ; fast algorithm ; convolutional neural network ; structure reduction ; pruning ; quality ; feature selection ; machine learning ; asexual ; genetic algorithm ; android malicious application detection ; bees algorithm ; training deep neural networks ; metaheuristics ; opinion mining ; recurrent neural networks ; sentiment classification ; natural language processing ; data augmentation ; fine-tuning ; generative models ; StyleGAN ; transfer learning ; present value ; discount factor ; portfolio ; finance ; optimization ; tourist trip design ; vehicle routing ; key performance indicator (KPI) ; anomaly detection ; variational auto-encoder (VAE) ; support vector data description (SVDD) ; FMEA ; Fuzzy Logic ; greenhouse gases ; blockchain ; difficulty adjustment ; proof-of-work ; ANN ; AlexNet ; COVID-19 ; TSA ; commonsense ; knowledge graph ; linguistic terms ; language models ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: In the context of the food industry, "Innovative Food Products and Processing" refers to the creation and application of cutting-edge techniques, technologies, and approaches. This vibrant industry covers a broad range of topics, with the aim of enhancing food quality, safety, sustainability, and the consumer experience. This Special Issue, entitled “Innovative Food Products and Processing” provides readers with a wide range of topics and applications in food science and technology, such as the use of food chemistry, biochemistry, fermentation, and microbiology, as well as new contemporary processing and preservation technologies and techniques for effective waste management and green technology for the food processing industry. “Innovative Food Products and Processing” is an excellent resource for food science researchers, food scientists, biochemists, nutritionists, and students. This publication's wide range of topics provides a complete overview of the most recent breakthroughs, cutting-edge technologies, and emerging trends in the food industry.
    Keywords: bambangan ; extraction solvents ; fatty acid ; triacylglycerol ; crystalline microstructure ; Bario ; rice flour ; gluten-free ; bread ; amylose content ; encapsulation ; non-dairy ; probiotics ; stability ; storage ; Auricularia cornea ; wood ear mushroom ; instant noodles ; glycaemic response ; by-product ; needlefish (Tylosurus acus melanotus) ; acid-soluble collagen extraction ; physicochemical ; characterization ; chlorophylls ; green colour ; antioxidant activity ; amaranth ; metal ions ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; lactobacillus ; bifidobacterium ; Eucheuma denticulatum ; seaweed oligosaccharide ; HMF ; chokeberry ; wort ; mint essential oil ; malt ; polyphenols ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant capacity ; green banana flour ; soy protein isolate ; emulsifier ; cake ; resistant starch ; dietary fiber ; esters ; brandy ; HS-SPME/GC-MS ; cold stabilization ; multivariate statistics ; egg white ; pulses ; foaming agent ; aerated foods ; canned liquid ; seaweed ; reduced salt ; meat emulsion ; physicochemical properties ; sensory ; meat products ; patty ; microencapsulation ; nanoemulsion ; trans-cinnamaldehyde ; spray-drying ; freeze-drying ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Rural development is an essential constituent of the global economy. However, within agriculture, a decrease in the quantity and quality of crop harvest and livestock productivity is observed due to a deterioration in soil fertility, environment, and irrational use of natural resources. At the same time, agricultural areas are under pressure from population growth, requiring more food production. As a result, it encourages people to move into intact primary areas in order to increase the area of crops, pastures, etc., which leads to the destruction of natural diversity. The solution to avoid disaster is increasing agricultural production efficiency to expand crop harvest and livestock productivity without deteriorating quality. It requires introducing innovative engineering technologies to agriculture. Fortunately, technology is developing rapidly nowadays, and new driving scientific forces are emerging. The Special Issue collected high-quality research and review articles from academics and industry-related researchers in the areas of Agricultural Engineering covering the following topics: harvesting and planting crops, livestock production, livestock and agrofood waste utilization, seed treatment and transportation, water treatment, agricultural robotic applications, solutions for digital and precision agriculture, hardware and software support for pest and weed control, machine learning, energy efficiency and conservation in agriculture.
    Keywords: microclimate ; ceiling fans ; electric thermal storage unit ; energy–saving ; heat supply system ; discrete element method ; soybean seed ; ellipsoidal shape ; parameter calibration ; rolling friction coefficient ; pulsed LED light ; continuous LED ; scanning LED light ; energy saving ; lettuce ; vertical farms ; growth ; cultivation ; pneumatic seeder ; pressure loss characteristics ; complex airway ; airway optimization ; harvesting ; force action ; potato ; working body ; harvesting machines ; device for assessing the suitability for harvesting ; transition metal ; charge compensator ; red emission ; artificial lighting ; photosynthetic pigments ; count red jujubes ; red jujube ; improved YOLOv5s ; ShuffleNet V2 Unit ; Stem ; BiFPN ; impact sprinkler ; non-circular nozzle ; water distribution ; aspect ratio ; 2D video disdrometer ; droplet kinetic energy distribution ; wild blueberry ; Vaccinium angustifolium ; Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi ; deep learning ; coordinated attention ; synthetic data ; prediction accuracy ; multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ; double wishbone mechanisms ; multibody dynamics ; pareto solution set ; amaranth inflorescence wastes ; pyrolysis ; thermogravimetric analysis ; hydrocarbon rich bio-oil ; indoor climate ; air cooling ; water-evaporative systems ; sprayed panels ; heat recovery units ; technological process ; rod elevator ; lifting angle ; displacement ; experiment ; cleaning machine ; grain plants seeds ; Fusarium ; photoluminescence ; linear regression models ; green cold chain delivery ; fresh agricultural products ; customer value ; time-dependent road network ; biomass ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; bio-oil ; biochar ; WCH ; DCH ; feed length of the stalk ; conveying performance ; fuel consumption ; high-voltage electrical pulse ; processing ; plant tissue ; irreversible damage ; intracellular structure ; green energy supply ; agricultural electrification ; high-efficiency photovoltaic equipment ; complex energy supply systems ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Currently, the global liquid crystal (LC) industry is worth approximately USD 115 billion, most of which is used for display applications using nematic LCs (including chiral nematic LCs). The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide new knowledge and research tools as the application of LC devices expands from flat displays to new fields such as 3D displays and sensors. This issue will provide LC researchers with ways to solve their problems.
    Keywords: liquid crystal ; liquid crystalline semiconductor ; chiral nematic phase ; chiral smectic C phase ; ferroelectric liquid crystals ; circularly polarized light ; circularly polarized photoluminescence ; circularly polarized electroluminescence ; bulk photovoltaic effect ; shift current ; blue phase ; polymer-stabilised blue phase ; Kerr effect ; electro-optics ; disclination ; liquid crystal display ; residual direct-current voltage ; I-V curve ; triangular voltage application ; vertically aligned twisted nematic (VTN) mode ; fringe field switching (FFS) mode ; IPS ; FFS-LCD ; asymmetric optical -LCD system ; optical compensation ; response time ; blue phase liquid crystals ; photonic crystals ; 3D orientation control ; photonic devices ; schiff base ; biphenyl ; 4-phenyl pyridine ; DFT ; nematic liquid crystal ; polar anchoring ; azimuthal anchoring ; hybrid aligned nematic ; twisted nematic ; homogeneous orientation ; threshold voltage ; transmittance ; liquid crystal mixture ; diluter ; stability ; polymer-sustained vertically aligned (PS-VA) ; PI-free ; voltage–transmittance curve ; cross-linked structure ; cross section ; flexoelectricity ; liquid crystalline elastomers ; splay ; spontaneous polarization ; n/a ; chiral nematic liquid crystals ; molecular dynamics simulation ; miscibility ; diffusion coefficient ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use/land cover (LULC), natural hazards and their interactions, changes, and impacts. Over the past few decades, the risks due to natural hazards have increased significantly, to a large extent due to changes in LULC, which are triggered mainly by anthropic pressure on landscapes, i.e., urbanization, forest management practices, agricultural practices, and the like. As a result, LULC changes contribute significantly to changes in the variability or magnitude of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and erosion. Therefore, this reprint provides a collection of studies focused on the interactions between LULC and different types of natural hazards, which were studied in several research areas around the world.
    Keywords: flash floods ; intense rainfall ; urbanized areas ; damage ; anthropic impacts ; West Mediterranean ; Italy ; land use change ; surface runoff ; urban development ; green infrastructure ; Xiamen ; land use/land cover legacy ; airborne LiDAR-based HRDTM ; generalized additive model ; landslide susceptibility modeling ; historical landslide inventory bias ; biomass extraction ; farmers’ perception ; NDVI ; climate change ; remote sensing ; GIS ; NDBI ; flood risk ; land use ; settlement development ; agricultural land use ; flood-prone areas ; Alpine regions ; landslide modelling ; shallow landslides ; soil cohesion ; soil tillage ; river meandering ; river morphology ; centerline migration ; satellite images ; loess ; filled slope ; physical model test ; interface effect ; stability ; river morphodynamics ; Landsat data ; planform changes ; forest fire ; fire danger rating systems ; environmental fire danger ; fire indices ; drought indices ; remote sensing fire indices ; fire ignition probability ; climate change extremes ; land cover ; QGIS ; MOLUSCE ; Great Yellow River Region ; mountain hazards ; land take ; landslide hazard ; land cover change ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint titled “Analysis of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Plant, Food, and Pharmaceutical Products Using Chromatographic Techniques” deals with the separation and analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products. A growing tendency toward the discovery and use of natural bioactive compounds that are least harmful, have the fewest side effects, and fit the human body the most naturally has been noticed during the past few decades. As evidenced by the rise in recent studies on the therapeutic properties of plants, this trend has caused a return of healthcare professionals to nature and plants, but with a modern approach that specifically questions how plants help to heal humans and what their exact effects on the human body are. In order to identify and analyze natural bioactive compounds in plant, food, and pharmaceutical products, this reprint attempted to compile latest improvements, advancements, and analytical innovations in chromatographic techniques. In the last few decades, tremendous research on the analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products using wide range of chromatography techniques have been performed. This reprint has brought together prominent researchers who have explored a diverse applications range of chromatographic techniques in the extraction, separation, identification, and analysis of natural bioactive compounds.
    Keywords: C. indica ; propolis ; GC-MS ; antibacterial ; bioactive compounds ; chemical composition ; AGREE ; Curcuma longa ; curcumin ; nanoemulsion ; greener HPLC ; validation ; lavender oil ; cytotoxic ; scolicidal ; Musca domestica ; acaricide ; capillary electrophoresis ; fluorescence detection ; honey ; sugars ; breast cancer ; liquid chromatography ; bioanalytical methods ; neratinib ; naringenin ; dosage form ; HPLC ; pterostilbene ; solubility ; stability ; lamb meat ; heterocyclic aromatic amines ; roasted ; spices ; olive leaves ; extraction ; optimization ; ultrasound ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; antioxidant ; Haberlea rhodopensis ; myconoside ; hispidulin 8-C-(6-O-acetyl-2″-O-syringoyl-β-glucopyranoside) ; GLUT1 transporter ; estrogen receptor and MYST acetyltransferase ; Gymnosperma glutinosum ; cosmetology ; skin care ; antioxidants ; bisabolol ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
    Keywords: timber structures ; estimating mechanical parameters ; small clear specimens ; non-destructive tests ; semi-destructive tests ; resistance drilling ; ultrasonic wave ; stress wave ; visual grading ; concrete ; NDT ; finite element method ; experiment ; automated inspection ; frequency domain ; validation ; sulfate attack ; physical and mechanical properties ; damage model ; microstructure ; external thermal insulation systems ; mechanical properties of bonds ; polyurethane adhesive ; timber frame building ; bond strength ; shear properties ; residual magnetic field ; Barkhausen noise ; LCR circuits ; plastic deformation ; austenitic steel ; steel fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel fibres ; waste sand properties ; reinforced beam ; shear cracking ; shear capacity ; non-destructive testing ; damage detection ; vibrations ; modal analysis ; continuous wavelet transform ; concrete beam ; strengthening ; adhesive joint ; debonding ; S355 steel ; uniaxial tensile test ; strength properties ; true stress-strain relationships ; confining pressure ; expansive clay ; fiber ; flexible wall permeameter ; hydraulic conductivity ; lime ; rigid wall permeameter ; concrete corrosion ; concrete protection ; steel corrosion ; concrete durability ; coating materials ; masonry structures ; autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) ; compressive strength ; minor-destructive (MDT) techniques ; non-destructive (NDT) techniques ; ultrasonic testing ; acoustoelastic effect (AE) ; hydrostatic stresses ; modeling ; DIC technique ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction architecture material ; inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) ; proficiency testing (PT) ; concrete quality assessment ; fracture mechanics ; ductile fracture ; material microstructure ; void growth ; FEM model ; material testing ; geodesic dome ; seismic response ; dynamic analysis ; seismic analysis ; high temperature ; fire temperature ; residual strength ; heat accumulation factor ; variational asymptotic method ; reduced-order plate model ; orthogrid-stiffened panel ; free-vibration analysis ; global buckling ; steel plates ; ultrasonic tomography ; base material ; rock ; post-installed anchors ; adhesive anchor ; mechanical anchor ; load-bearing capacity ; GSI ; RMR ; rebound value ; rebound hammer ; semi-flexible pavement ; fatigue resistance ; cracking mechanism ; fatigue prediction ; fracture surface ; cement–cellulose composites ; ventilated façade ; acoustic emission method ; frequencies of acoustic emission signals ; geosynthetic ; design ; pullout resistance ; effective length ; reinforced earth ; clay bricks ; cement lime mortar ; infill masonry wall ; destructive force ; self-stressed anti-washout concrete ; segment assembly ; undrained strengthening ; axial compression test ; mechanical properties ; CFRP grid ; PCM ; interface ; mechanical model ; pull-out test ; finite element analysis ; external walls ; thermal measurements ; R-value ; thermal resistance ; temperature-based method ; heat flow meter method ; infrared thermography method ; 3D textile composite ; equivalent model ; buckling analysis ; interlaboratory comparison (ILC) ; risk analysis ; measurements uncertainty (MU) ; ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) ; assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) ; construction product ; market surveillance ; artificial weathering testing in civil engineering ; construction profiles ; natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites ; building performance assessment ; microstructure analysis ; stairs ; masonry ; clay brick ; arch ; vault ; management ; quality ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; TLS ; low-temperature construction additive ; preparation method ; volumetric properties ; modification mechanism ; mixture performance ; bio-rejuvenated additive ; 100% rejuvenation ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; regeneration mechanism ; pavement performance ; macro-strain mode ; medium- and small-span bridges ; wavelet transform ; cross-correlation function ; hygrothermal simulation ; capillary active internal insulation ; mould risk ; moisture effects ; subgrade ; static load test ; deformation modulus ; reliability ; fine-grain concrete ; bond ; industrial computed tomography ; numerical simulation ; xCT ; rectangular profile ; torsional stiffness ; stiffness increase ; research ; guided waves ; longitudinal wave ; discrete element method ; numerical modelling ; dispersion curves ; recycled aggregate concrete ; sustainable aggregate ; flexural strength ; gradient boosting ; random forest ; ventilated facades ; large-scale model ; fibre cement boards ; fire exposure ; Bayesian approach ; prestressing force ; saw-cut method ; assessment ; pre-tensioned members ; waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores ; artificially supported mining method ; backfill ; activation ; nanomodifier astralene ; ultimate compressive strength ; cement ; air-entraining admixture ; plasticizing ; porosity ; air-content ; strength ; freeze-thawing resistance ; storage systems ; looseness ; stiffness ; beam-end connection ; bending ; gap ; clearance ; plastic viscosity ; yield stress ; machine learning ; volcanic soil ; mechanical property ; strength index ; particle crushing ; road engineering ; pavement ; fatigue ; modules ; FEM ; light weight deflectometer ; solid fired brick ; defects in the internal structure ; resonant pulse method ; material durability ; drying of soil ; microwave heating ; soil structure ; computed microtomography ; water content ; buckling ; stability ; civil engineering ; slender bars ; columns ; numerical analysis ; variable cross-section ; waste glass ; recycling ; construction materials ; sustainable concrete ; steel fiber ; building material ; fibers ; mortar ; hybrid ; artificial neural networks ; fibre-cement boards ; acoustic emission ; SEM ; steel fibers ; steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; backfill mining ; loading rate ; cumulative ringing count ; damage constitutive model ; CFRP ; bond–slip law ; RC slab ; retrofit ; strengthen ; self-compacting concrete ; prediction models ; FRP ; continuous RC slab ; optimal design ; asphalt aging ; material property ; climate condition ; pavement structure ; field rut depth ; precast concrete products ; quality control ; OC curve ; AOQ curve ; shear wave velocity ; bender elements ; triaxial testing ; micromechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the last few years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies.
    Keywords: excitotoxicity ; neurodegeneration ; retina ; microparticles ; controlled drug release ; rebamipide ; sustained delivery system ; dry eye ; eyelid ; mucin ; ocular pharmacokinetics ; ocular drug delivery systems ; ocular routes of drug administration ; intravitreal administration ; topical administration ; anti-angiogenesis ; corneal neovascularization (NV) ; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ; gelatin ; hyaluronic acid (HA), nanoparticles ; RGD peptide ; eye drops ; retinal penetration ; neuroprotection ; protein aggregation ; stability ; intravitreal delivery ; CNTF ; corticosteroids ; drug delivery systems ; intravitreal dexamethasone implant ; intravitreal injections ; Ozurdex ; drug delivery ; glaucoma ; ROCK inhibitor ; fasudil ; PLGA microspheres ; intravitreal injection ; trabecular meshwork ; Schlemm’s canal ; retinal pigment epithelium ; Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing ; dexamethasone acetate ; cyclodextrins ; hydrogels ; rheology ; cytotoxicity studies ; transcorneal permeation ; radiolabeled ocular biopermanence ; blood-retinal barrier ; cationic drug ; transport ; lysosomal trapping ; atropine ; ophthalmic solution ; myopia ; amphotericin B ; γ-cyclodextrins ; fungal keratitis ; lutein ; PLGA ; PLGA–PEG–biotin ; ARPE-19 ; macular edema ; age-related macular degeneration ; biotin-decorated nanoparticles ; polymeric nanoparticles ; targeted therapy ; ocular drug delivery ; half-life extension ; albumin ; therapeutic proteins ; size exclusion chromatography ; iron ; retinal degeneration ; retinitis pigmentosa ; transferrin ; gene therapy ; plasmid electrotransfection ; dexamethasone ; poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid ; ophthalmology ; microspheres ; periocular administration ; gamma sterilization ; tolerance ; in vitro model ; in vitro drug release ; intravitreal implants ; SLA 3D-printing ; triamcinolone acetonide ; USP apparatus 4 ; USP apparatus 7 ; vitreous substitute ; dissolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This Special Issue comprises 15 papers broadly outlining current trends in nucleic acid biophysics. It contains original research papers and reviews on structure, stability, and interactions of canonical and non-canonical nucleic acids. The authors describe the use of established, time-honored experimental and computational techniques as well as their more recently developed counterparts. Molecular insights that can be gained from the papers collected in this issue range from the fundamental to the applied with emphasis on biological functions and biomedical prospects of nucleic acids. The collection is not meant to be exhaustive, but to highlight recent advances from select laboratories worldwide. Nevertheless, it represents a useful guide for scientists who wish to familiarize themselves with biophysical topics in nucleic acid research. This Special Issue will be useful both for researchers who study fundamental aspects of nucleic acid structure, stability, and dynamics, as well as for those that are mainly interested in practical biological and biomedical applications of nucleic acids.
    Keywords: nucleic acid structures ; nucleic acid conformation ; biological structure database ; DNA ; RNA ; validation standards ; G-quadruplex ; replication ; thermodynamics ; ligand ; topology ; quadruplex-duplex hybrids ; minor groove binding drugs ; stability ; optical spectroscopy ; nucleic acids ; charge ; electrostatic potential ; ab initio methods ; NMR spectroscopy ; molecular dynamics ; forcefield ; AMBER ; B-DNA ; DNA-hairpin ; perchlorates ; brines ; pressure ; Mars ; habitability ; DNA minor groove binder ; mixed base-pair DNA sequences ; sequence selectivity ; ligand–DNA complex thermodynamic ; molecular curvature ; heterocyclic diamidine ; biosensor ; calorimetry ; DNA conjugate ; metal ion ; triple helix ; silver ion ; lanthanide ; ATP sensor ; aptamer ; terpyridine ; sequence edition ; DNAzyme ; molecular dynamics simulation (MD) ; potential of mean force (PMF) ; dsDNA–dsDNA interactions ; flexibility ; origins of life ; DNA-protein networks ; protocells ; DNA sequence-dependent structure ; DNA deformability ; DNA sequence context ; DNA curvature ; DNA minicircles ; hydrostatic pressure ; volume ; CD spectroscopy ; G-quadruplexes ; potassium ; polymorphism ; kinetics ; folding ; kinetic models ; fitting ; aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) ; salicylic acid polymers ; methylene-salicylic acid ; SARS-CoV-2 ; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ; yeast ribosomes ; human serum albumin (HSA) ; molecular recognition ; biological function and viral disease ; inhibitor binding ; single-molecule biophysics ; nucleic acid thermodynamics ; statistical mechanics ; fluctuation theorems ; computational biophysics ; n/a ; drug discovery ; drug-target interactions ; thermodynamic binding signatures ; isothermal titration calorimetry ; lead optimization ; fragment-based drug discovery ; drug-like properties ; enthalpic efficiency ; group efficiency ; lipophilic efficiency ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use/land cover (LULC), natural hazards and their interactions, changes, and impacts. Over the past few decades, the risks due to natural hazards have increased significantly, to a large extent due to changes in LULC, which are triggered mainly by anthropic pressure on landscapes, i.e., urbanization, forest management practices, agricultural practices, and the like. As a result, LULC changes contribute significantly to changes in the variability or magnitude of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and erosion. Therefore, this reprint provides a collection of studies focused on the interactions between LULC and different types of natural hazards, which were studied in several research areas around the world.
    Keywords: flash floods ; intense rainfall ; urbanized areas ; damage ; anthropic impacts ; West Mediterranean ; Italy ; land use change ; surface runoff ; urban development ; green infrastructure ; Xiamen ; land use/land cover legacy ; airborne LiDAR-based HRDTM ; generalized additive model ; landslide susceptibility modeling ; historical landslide inventory bias ; biomass extraction ; farmers’ perception ; NDVI ; climate change ; remote sensing ; GIS ; NDBI ; flood risk ; land use ; settlement development ; agricultural land use ; flood-prone areas ; Alpine regions ; landslide modelling ; shallow landslides ; soil cohesion ; soil tillage ; river meandering ; river morphology ; centerline migration ; satellite images ; loess ; filled slope ; physical model test ; interface effect ; stability ; river morphodynamics ; Landsat data ; planform changes ; forest fire ; fire danger rating systems ; environmental fire danger ; fire indices ; drought indices ; remote sensing fire indices ; fire ignition probability ; climate change extremes ; land cover ; QGIS ; MOLUSCE ; Great Yellow River Region ; mountain hazards ; land take ; landslide hazard ; land cover change ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: Cheese is an excellent and complex food matrix that preserves in concentrated form valuable milk constituents, such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and biofunctional lipids. The formation of cheese mass requires the removal of whey, i.e., water and soluble milk substances—proteins, minerals, lactose, and vitamins. It is well known that whey, apart from being a serious environmental threat, is a valuable substrate for the formation of new products with excellent functional and biological activities. This reprint aims to share research related to (i) cheese production, ripening, and properties, and (ii) whey and whey components’ functionality and biological value, as well as whey exploitation and processing.
    Keywords: ACE inhibition ; antioxidant activity ; hydrolysis ; response surface methodology ; whey protein concentrate ; Parmigiano Reggiano cheese ; somatic cells ; milk composition ; cheese yield ; cheesemaking losses ; cheese ripening ; ripening extension ; cheese microstructure ; free amino acids ; capillary electrophoresis ; proteolysis ; volatile compounds ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; dairy product analysis ; cheese peptidomics ; cheesemaking ; data-independent acquisition ; whey ; buttermilk ; second cheese whey ; ultrafiltration ; reduced-fat cheese ; hard cheese ; long ripened cheese ; ripening rooms ; environmental ripening conditions ; quantitative descriptive analysis ; texture ; water activity ; image analysis ; cheesemaking technology ; milk whey ; hydrolyzed collagen ; bioavailability ; “bryndza” cheese ; electronic nose ; gas chromatography ; volatile organic compounds ; microbiota ; Flammulina velutipes ; protein–polysaccharide complexes ; stability ; bio-layer interferometry ; in vitro digestibility ; binding regions ; Quark-type cheese ; cow cheese milk homogenization ; cheese milk heat treatment ; sugars and organic acids ; proteolysis indices ; texture profile analysis ; whey protein denaturation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes research papers on different disciplines related to composites. It contains research related to new topics such as nanotubes, fibres, admixtures added in cement and concrete. Additionally self-healing and self-sensing issues are presented. Environmental, and thermal-related topics are also discussed. Studies related to consolidation topics and alkali activation of clays are included. This blend of traditional and modern building materials, all having a common ground, the use of new technologies for improving fresh and harden state properties, make this volume interesting.
    Keywords: single wall carbon nanotubes ; surfactant ; TritonX-100 ; mass of specimens ; compressive strength ; flexural Strength ; bulk density ; ternary cements ; limestone ; siliceous fly ash ; granulated blast furnace slag ; concrete properties ; concrete durability ; CO2 emission ; detached decorative plasters ; injection grout ; glass microspheres ; reduced density ; stability ; strength ; durability ; clay mortars ; activating solutions ; wetting–drying ; freeze–thaw cycles ; microstructure ; superabsorbent polymer ; steel fibers ; high-performance fiber reinforced concrete ; digital image correlation ; autogenous shrinkage ; tensile behavior ; nano-calcium oxide ; nano-silica ; self-healing ; cement pastes ; curing regime ; gypsum binder ; additives ; light-materials ; porosity ; thermal insulation ; cement ; hydrated lime ; HEMC ; mortar ; paste ; hydration ; setting process ; ultrasonic technique ; graphite ; electrical conductivity ; self-sensing ; multi-walled carbon nanotubes ; cement-based materials ; flexural strength ; electrical resistivity ; activation energy ; supplementary cementitious materials ; packing density ; filler effect ; high calcium fly ash ; ladle furnace slag ; limestone filler ; foamed geopolymer ; reinforcing lightweight concrete ; glass fiber composites ; concrete ; thermal properties ; structural properties ; composite modified asphalt binder ; rheological properties ; storage stability ; amorphous poly alpha olefin ; polyphosphoric acid ; application properties ; water retention ; plaster ; cellulose ether ; viscosity ; self-compacting concrete (SCC) ; mix proportion design ; optimization ; experimental verification ; the grey relational analysis ; hook-end steel fiber ; bond performance ; pullout test ; inclination angle ; fiber spacing ; pullout load-slip curve ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is dedicated to Professor Delfim F. M. Torres for his 50th birthday. Professor Delfim F. M. Torres is a recognized researcher, particularly in the calculus of variations, optimal control, and mathematical biology. In this reprint, several studies in his research fields are presented.
    Keywords: calculus of variations ; non-Newtonian calculus ; multiplicative integral functionals ; multiplicative Euler–Lagrange equations ; admissible positive functions ; epidemiology ; mathematical modeling ; fractional calculus ; equilibrium ; stability ; fractional (p, q)-integral ; fractional (p, q)-difference ; periodic boundary value problems ; existence ; coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ; ABC derivative ; hybrid method ; existence analysis ; semi-analytical solution ; fractional derivatives ; distributional derivatives ; Sobolev spaces ; bounded variation functions ; embeddings ; compactness ; Abel equation ; optimal control ; maximum principle ; mixed constraints ; Physics Informed Neural Networks ; data analysis ; COVID-19 ; vaccination ; basic reproduction number ; Lyapunov function ; weighted generalized fractional calculus ; integration by parts formula ; Euler–Lagrange equation ; quantum mechanics ; fractional differential equations ; boundary value problems ; Kolmogorov–Riesz theorem ; fixed point theorems ; Nemytskii operator ; approximation solution ; fuzzy number ; fuzzy fractional order derivative ; coronavirus infection system ; Adomian decomposition method ; convex surfaces ; surface area measure of a convex body ; Newton’s problem of minimal resistance ; measles ; mathematical model ; global sensitivity analysis ; partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) ; fractional derivative ; Caputo derivative ; Ulam–Hyers stability ; fractional control systems ; neutral evolution systems ; controllability ; minimum energy ; Banach fixed point theorem ; population dynamics ; vertical transmission ; epidemic fear ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Light is the main source of energy for the primary process that sustains life on our planet, known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the strategy adopted by many living organisms for capturing and incorporating energy, and it is under this context that light is primarily experienced, explored, and exploited. Plants perceive information from the ambient environment and communicate with other organisms using light. They have developed a plethora of photoreceptors that permit this communication with the surrounding environment. Additionally, the physical properties of light, such as the spectral quality, irradiance, intensity, and photoperiod, play an integral role in the morphogenesis, growth, and metabolism of many biochemical pathways in plants.To facilitate photosynthesis in controlled environments, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been shown to offer interesting prospects for use in plant lighting designs in controlled-environment agriculture (greenhouses) and growth chambers for in vitro cultures. In high-technology greenhouses (for instance, vertical agriculture), artificial light may assume both assimilative (optimizing photosynthetic efficiency) and control functionality (guiding growth and development or the synthesis and accumulation of plant metabolites). In vitro cultures are regulated by different factors, and among them, light is the most important.
    Keywords: Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don ; alkaloid content ; callus ; in vitro culture ; LED lights ; light intensity ; saponarin ; isoorientin ; hexacosanol ; octacosanol ; fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) ; blue LED ; flower bud formation ; number of flowers ; photoperiod ; photomorphogenesis ; blue photon flux density ; functional structural plant modelling ; indoor farming ; LED lighting ; artificial lighting ; energy use efficiency ; protected horticulture ; light exposure ; far-red illumination ; medicinal plants ; water use efficiency ; growth analysis ; canopy size ; incident light ; light interception ; light use efficiency ; mizuna ; projected canopy size ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; blue light ; Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) ; green light ; light-emitting diode (LED) ; morphology ; photosynthesis ; red light ; intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) ; photostationary state of phytochrome (PSS) ; photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) ; yield photon flux (YPF) ; medicinal plant ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; flavones ; metabolites ; light-emitting diode ; daily light integral ; volatile organic compounds ; energy consumption ; plant morphology ; biomass efficacy ; sodium lamps ; plants cultivation ; silicon fertilizer ; red-leaved lettuce ; green-leaved lettuce ; CoeLux® ; LEDs ; light spectrum ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; growth and development ; confined environment ; low light ; mint ; monoterpenes ; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ; hydroponics ; LED supplement ; LED light ; fluorescent light ; UV light ; elicitation ; plant secondary metabolites ; plant in vitro cultures ; LED ; ascorbic acid ; chlorophylls ; carotenoids ; light quality ; tomato ; greenhouse ; light spectra ; root stock ; photosensors ; host-pathogen interaction ; resistance genes ; gene regulation ; bacterial growth ; Erwinia amylovora ; circadian rhythms ; optogenetics ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; optimal control ; supplemental lighting in greenhouses ; image processing ; light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ; intra-canopy illumination ; interlighting ; bell pepper ; fruit set ; daily light integral (DLI) ; Lactuca sativa ; plant factory ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; carbon isotope discrimination ; light fluence rate ; growth regulators ; alfalfa ; growth ; adaption ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue, “Ecophysiology and Ecology of Grassland”, contains 11 research articles and 1 review that focus on recent advancements in integrated research on natural grasslands and artificial grasslands in response to human disturbances, abiotic stresses and climate change from a species to ecosystem level.
    Keywords: leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents ; N:P ratio ; biomass ; herb community ; driving factor ; Loess Plateau ; precipitation changes ; increased temperatures ; desert grassland ; plant diversity ; plant biomass ; soil bacteria diversity ; soil fungi diversity ; the Mongolia Plateau ; grassland degradation ; vegetation coverage ; surface bareness degree ; self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) ; water stress ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; biomass allocation ; water use efficiency ; drought resistance ; biogeographic patterns ; leaf stoichiometry ; climatic variables ; soil physicochemical properties ; Stellera chamaejasme L. ; functional traits ; productivity ; grassland ; fertilization ; soil water regime ; stress tolerance indices ; forage yield ; Panicum maximum ; Urochloa sp. ; plant functional traits ; plants diversity ; soil properties ; random forest algorithm ; PLS-SEM ; semiarid grassland ; leaf functional trait ; leaf photosynthesis ; atmospheric nitrogen deposition ; grassland ecosystem ; structure ; stability ; ecosystem services ; karst desertification control ; biomass production ; chemical composition ; ecological management ; ecosystem diversity ; grazing ; abiotic factors ; flowering phenology ; nitrogen addition ; common garden ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are pleased to introduce this collection of research papers entitled "Horticultural Plants Facing Stressful Conditions - Strategies for Stress Mitigation". This reprint comprises twelve research papers and a review paper exploring the impact of stress factors on plant growth and ways to eliminate or mitigate them. The studies investigate various plant species, including sunflowers, zinnias, orchids, buttercups, tomatoes, snap beans, lettuce, jojoba, grapevines, strawberries and apple trees. The impact of stress caused by high temperatures, spring frosts, drought, salinity, copper and asbestos on the physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in plants at the cellular, tissue, organ and whole-plant levels was described by the authors. The presented issues are crucial for comprehending the metabolic, molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of plant resistance to environmental stresses. This reprint focuses on three essential topics: (1) using exogenous compounds and bioinoculants to increase stress tolerance, (2) improving the quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables and (3) planting ornamental plants in polluted areas. Each paper has been meticulously prepared and contains figures, tables and a list of references to support a deeper understanding of the subject matter. In our opinion, this revised reprint will benefit scientists who are specifically interested in horticulture, plant physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L. ; salinity ; quality ; nano-silicon ; plant hormones ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; temperature ; solar radiation ; tolerance ; pigments ; proteins ; zinnia ; redox-active metal ; cell-wall lignification ; phenolics ; phenylpropanoid metabolic-pathway genes ; landscaping of urban areas ; antioxidant systems ; brassinolide ; grapevine ; ion accumulation ; leaf anatomy ; salt stress ; ultrastructure ; brassinosteroids ; strawberry ; growth ; stress ; Orchidaceae ; ornamental plant introduction ; serpentine outcrops ; stressful conditions ; adaptive responses ; plant water status ; redox balance ; non-enzymatic antioxidants ; nonessential elements ; moderate salinity ; biofortification ; gas exchange ; Lactuca sativa L. ; jojoba ; proline ; malondialdehyde ; total phenolic content ; climate change ; seawater ; ion leakage ; priming of defense ; G proteins ; calcium signaling ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; phytohormones ; SA signaling ; JA signaling ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant proteins ; defense genes ; buttercup ; melatonin ; POD activity ; STI ; antioxidant enzymes ; nutrient homeostasis ; osmolytes ; Phaseolus vulgaris L ; polyamine oxidation ; putrescine and saline conditions ; adaptogenic preparations ; foliar sprays ; tolerance of spring frosts ; yield ; fruit quality ; drought ; high temperature ; antioxidants ; free radicals ; photosynthesis ; lipid peroxidation ; mitigation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on applied research on growth traits, fat reserves, fatty acid profiles and enriched diets and their effects on reproduction, health status and welfare. The studies contained in the volume have been carried out in both monogastric organisms and ruminants, fish, broilers or pigeons. Fundamental studies with rats or mice are also presented. The reader will find novel research about the effects of the degree of fatness and muscularity determined by ultrasound method on sows´ reproductive performance, genetic studies on fatty acid profiles and growth traits in rabbits and Gilthead Seabream; nutritional studies addressing diets enriched with bee pollen in rats, postbiotics in male rabbits, concentrate and bypass supplementations in buffaloes; and interesting studies on the welfare assessment of meat sheep, rabbits, racing pigeons, broilers, alpacas and llamas using body condition measurements.
    Keywords: gilts ; litter ; parity ; sows ; ultrasonography ; Aloka SSD-500 ; acrylamide ; alcohol ; diet ; bone health ; biochemical analysis ; morphological analysis ; microcomputed tomography ; mice ; Cornelian cherry ; diabetes mellitus ; bone quality ; biochemistry ; histomorphometry ; Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats ; body condition ; fertility ; litter size variability ; rabbits ; selection ; estradiol ; foetuses ; leptin ; NEFA ; progesterone ; perirenal fat thickness ; placenta ; ovulation rate ; cross-fostering ; piglets ; growth performance ; stress status ; immunoglobulin ; buffaloes ; economy ; growth ; Murrah crossbred ; Swamp ; fermented food ; hepatic profile ; lactic acid bacteria ; postbiotic ; rabbit ; semen profile ; bee pollen ; nutrition ; bone structure ; rat ; body condition score ; body measurements ; fat depots ; goats ; prediction equation ; ultrasound ; bypass fat ; buffalo ; concentrate ; performance ; supplementation ; blood biochemical ; cost analysis ; animal-based measures ; indicators ; sheep welfare ; stress ; South American camelids ; anaemia ; nutritional status ; emaciation ; clinical scores ; haematology ; control population ; genetic parameters ; growth rate ; slaughter weight ; variability of growth traits ; weaning weight ; Columba livia domestica ; infectious diseases ; serum corticosterone ; welfare ; fatty acid profile ; heritability ; gilthead seabream ; body weight ; moisture ; fat ; collagen ; protein ; embryo ; MUFA ; ovulation ; PUFA ; SFA ; broiler ileum ; cold stimulation ; immunoglobulins ; cytokines ; toll-like receptors ; heat shock proteins ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: The rapid growth of the world's population has significantly increased energy consumption and environmental impact. The transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources that is needed for a sustainable future demands more efficient materials and improved technologies, but allows us to tackle this great and necessary challenge. This Special Issue highlights some of the latest energy advances in the field of materials, in particular low-dimensional materials, and nanostructured materials. Various topics related to synthesis and characterization methods, properties, and energy application uses are highlighted.
    Keywords: peritectic compound Li4(OH)3Br ; phase change materials ; thermal energy storage ; shape stabilized composites ; supporting materials ; oxides ; colloidal lithography ; thin-film photovoltaics ; photonics ; light-trapping ; self-cleaning ; graphene ; triboelectric nanogenerator ; charge trapping layer ; flexible ; stability ; energy harvesting ; solar cells ; parameter extraction ; single diode model ; non-iterative ; sodium borohydride ; hydrolysis ; porous carbon ; Co nanoparticles ; durability ; Ti-MOFs ; amine functionalization ; CO2 capture ; separation ; breakthrough experiment ; carbon nanotube ; plastic ; chemical recycling ; life cycle assessment ; ethernet ; circular economy ; data transmission ; carbon footprint ; BaF2 nanophase ; oxyfluoride nano-glass-ceramics ; Tb3+/Eu3+ energy transfer ; sol–gel chemistry ; nanocellulose ; ionic liquid ; ionogel ; gel polymer electrolyte ; renewable energy storage ; supercapacitors ; Ti2SnC ; M2AX ; powders ; thin films ; STEM ; nanoindentation ; zinc-ion supercapacitor ; three-dimensional vertically aligned graphene ; polydopamine ; highly concentrated salt electrolyte ; mini-jets ; diffuse discharge ; spark discharge ; red sprites ; blue jets ; ghosts ; Atomic Force Microscopy ; Electrochemical Strain Microscopy ; hybrid electrolyte ; Energy Storage ; lithium transport ; lithium distribution ; all-solid-state electrolytes ; diffusion ; ferric ion sensor ; MOF ; finite difference ; composite materials ; Mn3O4-CeO2-rGO ; nanocatalyst ; methanol oxidation ; cyclic voltammetry ; cellulose nanocrystal ; surface functionalization ; conductive electrodes ; energy storage ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fruit- and vegetable-based products (F&Vs) have been conventionally processed using thermal techniques such as pasteurization, scalding, and/and drying, ensuring microbial safety and/or enzyme deactivation. Although thermal treatments are the most cost-effective tools, they could also reduce bioactive compounds, nutrients, and even sensory attributes. Nowadays, non-thermal food-processing technologies such as UV light and high-pressure processing have been proposed to develop food products with extended shelf life and preserved/encouraged bioactive compounds, while preserving the sensory properties. This reprint addresses the existing knowledge gaps of novel thermal and non-thermal techniques in the production of F&Vs and their derivatives. This reprint focuses on the effect of thermal and non-thermal treatments (light stresses, high hydrostatic pressure, pulse electric fields, oscillating magnetic fields, cold plasma, ultrasound, drying, etc.) on shelf-life, key bioactive compound changes (antioxidants, nutraceuticals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids), enzymatic antioxidant systems, and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems of fruit- and vegetable-based products. Apart from an editorial written by the guest editors, the Special Issue consists of 13 papers that cover a range of subjects: thermal and non-thermal treatments on whole fruits (n = 4); thermal and non-thermal treatments on fruit and vegetable byproducts (n = 3); and, thermal and non-thermal treatments on fruit-based beverages and purées (n = 6).
    Keywords: carotenoids ; phenolic compounds ; puree ; juice ; bioaccessibility ; pulsed electric fields ; carrot ; microstructure ; quality attributes ; orange juice ; nisin-assisted thermosonication ; microbial and enzyme inactivation ; sensory quality ; bioactive properties ; Aronia melanocarpa L. ; by-products ; sustainability ; inulin ; trehalose ; polyphenols ; HMF ; unsupervised chemometric analysis ; high hydrostatic pressure ; thermal pasteurization ; anthocyanin ; vitamin C ; flavanones ; high-pressure processing ; potatoes ; polyphenol oxidase ; antioxidant activity ; smoothies ; juices ; elicitors ; abiotic stresses ; nutraceuticals ; health-promoting compounds ; garlic ; ageing process ; bioactive compounds ; organoleptic properties ; HPLC-MS/MS analysis ; controlled abiotic stresses ; elicitation ; functional foods ; whole fruits and vegetables ; stress-induced biosynthesis ; secondary metabolites ; innovative technologies ; non-thermal technologies ; apple ; strawberry ; food processing ; thermal processing ; stability ; storage ; ozonisation ; antioxidants ; table grape ; wine grape ; wine ; zero waste ; green technologies ; circular economy ; UV ; UVB ; UVC ; UV illumination ; photochemical treatments ; abiotic stress ; phytochemicals ; quality ; food safety ; Punica granatum ; phenolics ; encapsulation ; green-technology ; minimally processed ; food losses ; clean label ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This book contains all the articles published in the Special Issue "Dynamic Modeling and Simulation for Control Systems" from the MDPI Mathematics journal. This Special Issue aims to cover important aspects of how to optimize the dynamic behavior of physical systems using special algorithms and artificial intelligence in the modeling, simulation, and optimization of components and systems from important fields such as astronautics, aerospace, avionics, robotics, manufacturing systems, mechanical engineering, power energy, materials technology, and neurorehabilitation. It is our hope that this Special Issue will contribute to the research on techniques for the modeling, simulation, and optimization of control systems in dynamic systems.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; mathematical modeling ; numerical simulation ; control systems ; response analysis ; adaptive control ; feedback control ; stochastic control ; finite-time control ; frequency response ; stability ; fuzzy logic ; neural networks ; artificial intelligence&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dive into the fascinating world of photosynthesis through the latest publications. This comprehensive work delves deep into the intricate regulatory mechanisms that underpin the vital process of photosynthesis. From the molecular reactions at the core to the overarching responses of entire plants, explore the diverse facets of this fundamental phenomenon. Discover how plants adeptly adapt to an ever-changing and often challenging environment. Gain valuable insights with real-world applications, spanning agriculture, forestry, and biotechnology. Whether you're a scientist, educator, or enthusiast, this reprint promises to unravel the mysteries of life's essential processes. Join us in this exploration of photosynthesis as we bridge the gap between scientific inquiry and practical knowledge, ensuring a sustainable future for both natural ecosystems and cultivated environments.
    Keywords: abiotic stressors ; environmental stress ; growth ; light intensity ; photosynthetic pigments ; picocyanobacteria ; plant physiology ; Alternaria brassicicola ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; chloroplast ultrastructure ; defense response ; microarray ; photosynthesis ; susceptibility ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; extremely low frequency magnetic field ; Schumann resonance frequencies ; photosynthetic light reactions ; non-photochemical quenching ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; wheat ; pea ; endophytes ; culture filtrate ; exogenously hormone ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; antioxidant enzymes ; antioxidants ; carotenoids ; photochemical efficiency ; protein ; tocopherol ; xanthophyll cycle ; zeaxanthin ; root ; rhizosphere ; rhizobacteria ; root morphology ; abiotic stresses ; phase-sensitive imaging ; magnetopriming ; UV exclusion ; leaf venation ; leaf hydraulics ; high light ; thylakoid membrane ; microdomains ; photoprotection ; Synechocystis ; photoinhibition ; photosystems ; seed priming ; nanotechnology ; germination ; seed resistance ; sustainability ; cold plasma technology ; machine learning ; proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) ; PGR5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1 (PGRL1) ; photosynthetic electron transport ; PSI photoinhibition ; oxidation of P700 ; oxidative stress ; combined effect ; Pisum sativum L. ; nanoparticles ; cerium oxide ; zinc oxide ; metal uptake ; hydroponic culture ; photomorphogenesis ; Pinus sylvestris ; light of various spectral composition ; gene expression ; pigment content ; lipid droplets ; microalgae ; Raman spectroscopy ; Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ; cyanobacteria ; heavy metals ; nitrogenase ; heterocyst ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The application of generalized and fractional derivatives, such as Caputo and Riemann–Liouville derivatives, has witnessed a dramatic increase in recent years. This reprint focuses on related theoretical and applied research in areas such as the stability of time series, Lotka–Volterra systems, distributed delays, Fornberg–Whitham equations, abstract evolution and fractional wave equations, cantilever beams, and fractional Riccati and Volterra equations, as well as fractional visco-elasto-plasticity, spectral theory for fractional Sturm–Liouville problems, generalized differential equations, Mittag–Leffler functions, and fractional Laplacians.
    Keywords: Mellin-Barnes integrals ; Sinc methods ; Sinc quadrature ; Fox functions ; Aleph functions ; Saxena function ; definite integrals ; fractional calculus ; fractional Langevin equation ; ML-kernel ; existence of solutions ; UH-type stability ; numerical simulation ; Caputo sense ; space-fractional Fisher’s equation ; cubic polynomial spline ; von Neumann stability ; fractional differential equations ; κ(x)-Laplacian ; χ-Hilfer fractional derivative ; existence ; multiplicity of solutions ; genus theory ; Concentration-Compactness Principle ; Mountain Pass Theorem ; variable exponents ; variational methods ; Fractional Sturm–Liouville ; Laplace transform ; Mittag-Leffler function ; eigenvalues ; asymptotics ; Cahn–Hilliard equation ; fractional Laplacian ; memory ; two dimensional Volterra integral equation ; operational matrix ; block pulse ; Taylor polynomials ; gradient nonlinearity ; fractional diffusion equation ; hyper-Bessel ; fractional partial differential equations ; fractional differential equation ; p-derivative ; power-law visco-elasto-plasticity ; time-fractional integration ; fractional quasi-linear viscoelasticity ; fractional Riccati differential equation ; approximate solution ; residual power series ; fractional wave equation ; Riemann–Liouville derivatives ; inverse problem ; determination of the order of derivative ; Fourier method ; evolution equations ; operator function ; Abel–Lidskii basis property ; Schatten–von Neumann class ; multi-order fractional differential equation ; stability ; instability ; Caputo derivative ; cantilever beam ; existence and uniqueness of minimizers ; fractional boundary value problem ; Euler–Lagrange theorem ; homotopy perturbation method ; fractional Fornberg–Whitham equation ; partial differential equation ; Caputo’s derivatives ; variational iteration method ; Adomian decomposition method ; homotopy analysis method ; fractional-order nonlinear system ; Razumikhin approach ; input delay ; distributed delay ; leader–following consensus ; Lotka–Volterra system ; boundedness ; fractional piecewise order derivative ; variable kernel ; existence of solution ; stability results ; time series ; sequence operator ; fractional-order operator ; model stability ; model perturbation analysis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The discipline of aquaculture ecology is developing rapidly and has generated much valuable progress in recent decades. This reprint mainly describes the recent advances in the individual ecology of commercial aquatic organisms, the ecology of aquaculture systems, the interaction between aquaculture activities and the environment, the structure of function of microbial communities, the principles of environmental management in aquaculture ecosystems, etc. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing human activities, and has achieved high and predictable yields in recent decades. However, the industry is also facing numerous long-term challenges, such as environmental pollution, excessive resource consumption, etc. Aquaculture ecology aims to lay an ecological foundation for the sustainable development of aquaculture. This reprint hosts 10 papers and 1 editorial, with topics including, but not limited to, the impact of floating raft aquaculture on the hydrodynamic environment of an open sea area; the bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater using seaweed; the production environment in biofloc systems; the effects of various environmental factors, including temperature, carbonate alkalinity and protein levels in compound feed on commercial aquatic species; advances in ecology research on major integrated rice field aquaculture models in China, etc. The advances in aquaculture ecology research collected in this reprint can provide references for the sustainable development of aquaculture.
    Keywords: aquaculture wastewater ; desiccation ; growth ; Neoporphyra ; nitrogen limitation ; NO3-N and PO4-P removal ; water velocity ; molasses ; PHBV ; water quality ; nitrification rate ; heterotrophic ; bacteria community ; bacterial function ; rice–crab co-culture ; Eriocheir sinensis ; dietary protein content ; ecological environment ; rice field ; integrated aquaculture ; ecology ; review ; prospects ; coupling degree ; eco-certification ; biochemical composition ; golden tide ; NO3-N uptake ; photosynthesis ; seaweed cultivation ; mud crab ; temperature ; molting ; energy metabolism ; floating raft aquaculture area ; open sea area ; hydrodynamic environment ; water exchange capacity ; numerical simulation ; carbonate alkalinity stress ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; reproduction ; ovary ; eyestalk ; transcriptome ; growth performance ; bacterial community ; Bacillus pumilus BP-171 ; Penaeus vannamei ; Daphniopsis tibetana ; biology ; different habitats ; population growth parameters ; third-generation transcriptome sequencing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Polymeric biomaterials represent an essential tool in the biomedical field. Their high biocompatibility and ability to provide adequate regenerative support are fundamental for the development of new therapeutic devices. In particular, biomaterials derived from living organisms can exhibit not only structural roles but also several non-structural functions implicated in cellular growth, migration, and differentiation. Among them, type I collagen, a ubiquitous structural protein present in the mammalian body, plays a dominant role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of various tissues. In recent years, with the goal of developing multi-functional collagen-based devices able to better promote the functional recovery of damaged tissues, numerous studies have focused on novel techniques and methods for the development and characterization of innovative and advanced high-performance formulations. The ability to control, modify, and tune collagen-based biomaterials performance by optimizing their architecture, besides modifying their chemistry, blending with other materials/therapeutics, or developing stimuli-responsive formulations, is an extremely important knowledge to acquire when specific multi-functionalities are sought.The present Special Issue collected 12 peer-reviewed interdisciplinary contributions on the broad topic of multi-functional collagen-based biomaterials.
    Keywords: collagen ; hydrogel ; stability ; transmission electron microscopy ; methacrylation ; rheology ; gelatin methacrylate ; type I collagen ; tilapia ; skin ; aquaponic ; biomaterials ; fish scale ; hydroxyapatite ; bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ; osteogenic differentiation ; scaffold ; collagen vitrigel ; tissue engineering ; cornea ; corneal endothelium ; dentin-pulp complex regeneration ; signalling molecules ; stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) ; gelatin ; fibronectin-binding ; peptides ; HPLC-MS ; electrospinning ; ICOS-Fc ; cell migration ; bone remodelling ; osteoporosis ; viscoll collagen membrane ; cornea regeneration ; stromal replacement ; polyelectrolyte multilayer ; cross-linking ; bone tissue engineering ; drug release ; drug reservoir ; BMP-2 ; composite material ; controlled release ; vancomycin ; swelling ; pH dependence ; rose bengal ; crosslinking ; injectable collagen ; medical devices ; collagen scaffolds ; mechanical properties ; physicochemical properties ; morphology ; composition ; cell viability ; molecular structure ; Dosidicus gigas ; X-ray tomography ; SynchrotronLike ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Open Mathematics is a challenging notion for theoretical modeling, technical analysis, and numerical simulation in physics and mathematics, as well as in many other fields, as highly correlated nonlinear phenomena, evolving over a large range of time scales and length scales, control the underlying systems and processes in their spatiotemporal evolution. Indeed, available data, be they physical, biological, or financial, and technologically complex systems and stochastic systems, such as mechanical or electronic devices, can be managed from the same conceptual approach, both analytically and through computer simulation, using effective nonlinear dynamics methods. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight papers that show the dynamics, control, optimization and applications of nonlinear systems. This has recently become an increasingly popular subject, with impressive growth concerning applications in engineering, economics, biology, and medicine, and can be considered a veritable contribution to the literature. Original papers relating to the objective presented above are especially welcome subjects. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: Stability analysis of discrete and continuous dynamical systems; Nonlinear dynamics in biological complex systems; Stability and stabilization of stochastic systems; Mathematical models in statistics and probability; Synchronization of oscillators and chaotic systems; Optimization methods of complex systems; Reliability modeling and system optimization; Computation and control over networked systems.
    Keywords: stick-slip ; drill-strings ; vibration control ; coral reefs optimisation ; meta-heuristics ; Minimax principle ; linear approximation theory ; ecosystem ; steady state solution ; asynchronous generator ; single-rotor wind turbine ; direct flux and torque control (DFTC) ; third-order sliding mode controller (TOSMC) ; integral proportional (PI) regulator ; DFTC-PI control ; DFTC-TOSMC strategy ; neural networks ; finite-time passivity ; linear matrix inequality ; distributed delay ; neutral system ; integration of mining–dressing–backfilling ; coal gangue logistics system ; node intelligent location ; PSO–QNMs algorithm ; discrete control systems ; weakly nonlinear systems ; small step ; the SDRE approach ; matrix discrete Riccati equation ; the boundary layer functions method ; Padé approximation ; finite time interval ; controlled quantum systems ; control optimality conditions ; fixed-point problem ; optimization method ; virus dynamic model ; delay ; uniform persistence ; global attractivity ; Lyapunov functional ; Hammerstein nonlinear systems ; parameter estimation ; bioinspired computing ; genetic algorithms ; Markovian switched delay ; impulsive stochastic delay system ; moment exponential stability ; Lyapunov approach ; Razumikhin technique ; attitude stabilization ; flexible spacecraft ; neural adaptive control ; fixed-time control ; vibration suppression ; Lyapunov analysis ; fault tolerant control ; switching time fault ; optimal timing control ; switched stochastic systems ; four wheel drive mobile robot ; Neumann boundary value ; delayed impulse ; synchronization ; reaction–diffusion epidemic models ; variational methods ; Hill problem ; quantum correction ; equilibrium points ; stability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This Special Issue contains eleven accepted and published submissions to a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Axioms on the subject of “Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Applications”. In this volume, the invited authors have submitted their latest results on nonlinear dynamical systems and related applications. All papers have been accepted after a rigorous review process.
    Keywords: competition-diffusion-advection ; principal eigenvalue ; dynamic behaviors ; global asymptotic stability ; degenerated (p,q)-Laplacian ; competing (p,q)-Laplacian ; weighted Sobolev space ; convection ; finite dimensional approximation ; weak solution ; generalized solution ; Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation ; time–space scales ; Darboux transformation ; N-soliton solution ; delay ; diffusion ; hopf bifurcation ; nutrient-phytoplankton model ; (p,2) and (p,q)-Laplacians ; nonlinear regularity ; positive solutions ; strong comparison principle ; sublinear reaction ; bifurcation-type results ; fractional-order system ; quasi-linear system ; impulse ; integro-differential equation ; stability ; multiple delays ; differential set-valued inverse variational inequality ; Carathéodory weak solution ; switched system ; unstable subsystem ; asymptotic stability ; state-dependent switching rule ; α-admissible ; ϝ-contraction ; fixed point ; α*-admissible ; α-ϝ-convex contraction ; integral equation ; Levinson’s inequality ; Jensen’s functional ; time scale calculus ; harmonic p-valent functions ; the q-Mittag–Leffler function ; (p,q)-convex functions ; extreme points ; Hadamard product ; closed convex hulls ; q-Bernardi integral operator ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on experimental and applied research on sustainable recycling techniques for pavement materials. The recycling of waste materials in pavement infrastructures could be successfully facilitated based on such techniques. Sustainability in civil engineering has attracted more attention in recent decades, the lack of natural resources, serious environmental pollution, and high carbon dioxide emissions are the main issues regarding traditional infrastructure materials. This book provides the most recent innovations and applications of recycling wastes as high-performance pavement materials, aiming to provide methods for producing green low-carbon and durable pavement structures. In particular, several treatment methods and 3D construction techniques are proposed for the efficient recycling of waste materials.
    Keywords: lignin ; waste engine oil ; modified asphalt ; high-temperature performance ; low-temperature performance ; recycled waste plastic ; asphalt binder and mixture ; composite modification ; performance ; compatibility ; asphalt mortar ; asphalt mixture ; fly ash ; high temperature performance ; low temperature property ; moisture susceptibility ; coarse aggregate ; 3D printing ; natural aggregate ; cement-based aggregate ; sustainable construction ; building demolition waste ; unbound granular materials ; shear strength ; resilient modulus ; gradation ; prediction model ; porous asphalt pavement ; high-viscosity modified asphalt ; functional group index ; aging kinetics ; 3D concrete printing ; curing conditions ; mechanical capacity ; solid waste ; anisotropy ; sustainability ; dredged sediment ; cement-stabilized ; NMR ; permeability ; strength ; pore structure ; water transformation ; cement stabilized soil ; fiber-reinforced soil ; mechanical strength ; waste utilization ; Back Propagation Neural Network ; Random Forest ; beetle antennae search ; diversion tunnel ; corrosion ; cement-based materials ; carbonation ; experimental study ; steel slag ; oxalic acid ; expansion ; water erosion ; road performance ; influence mechanism ; road engineering ; stability ; molecular dynamic ; bio-oil asphalt/water emulsion ; particle size ; infrared spectrum analysis ; asphalt pavement ; seashell powder ; high- and low-temperature performance ; water stability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes contributions focusing on theoretical and experimental studies that report on the innovative processing and characterization of materials and nanostructured materials engineered for photovoltaic applications. In particular, the reprint presents a collection of twelve high-quality articles, among which are two comprehensive reviews, one communication letter and nine original research papers. These articles exhaustively cover state-of-the-art aspects of the four essential constitutive building-blocks of a photovoltaic element: the main absorber component, the “window” layer, the electron- and hole-transporter media, as well as the back- and top-electrodes of the solar cell.
    Keywords: rotating disk electrode ; photovoltaic ; electrodeposition ; mass transport ; thin film ; hydrogen evolution ; CIGS ; PV cells ; fill factor ; quantum efficiency ; oxide/metal/oxide ; OMO ; DMD ; ellipsometry ; transparent conductive electrodes ; plastic substrates ; organic solar cells ; perovskite solar cells ; contact angle ; wettability ; tantalum ; titanium oxide ; atomic layer deposition ; bubbler temperature ; perovskite solar cell ; electron transport layer ; CdTe nanocrystals ; blade coating ; large area fabrication ; o-SnS ; c-SnS ; SnS2 ; Sn2S3 ; CBD ; solar cells ; ultra-flexible organic solar cells ; IZTO ; transparent electrode ; mechanical stability ; 1D grating pattern ; ZnO ; ultrathin ; window layer ; zinc selenide (ZnSe) ; thin films ; radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering ; physical properties ; spectroscopic ellipsometry ; electrical measurements ; antimony selenoiodide ; SbSeI ; solution process ; one-step method ; hole transporting layer ; photoconversion efficiency ; stability ; metal oxides ; metal sulfides ; nanocarbon materials ; conducting polymers ; conjugated polyelectrolyte ; small organic molecules ; compact SnO2 ; mesoporous TiO2 ; oxygen plasma ; perovskite solar cell low process temperature ; InAs quantum dots solar cells ; AlAs capping ; (S)TEM ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Physical fitness is the basis for the success of players in sports, and its monitoring makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of training and identify possible errors. During training, thanks to the use of control results, these activities are modified, which better prepares players for competition. This Special Issue, entitled "Assessment of Physical Fitness and the Effect of Training in Individual Sports" presents the results of coaching control and the results of monitoring progression in training, as well as an assessment of the physical fitness of athletes practicing individual sports.
    Keywords: biomarkers ; heart damage ; swimming ; growth ; physical fitness ; technical and tactical indicator ; kickboxing ; martial arts ; athletes ; body composition ; combat sports ; dexterity ; handgrip ; foot ; ground pressure ; body balance ; football players ; judo ; technical and tactical preparation ; fighting rules ; anterior cruciate ligament ; ground reaction force ; knee injuries ; leg dominance ; agility ; explosive power ; first quick quickness ; flexibility ; neuromuscular fitness ; taekwondo ; physical characteristics ; systematic review ; normal distribution ; balance training ; real-time visual feedback ; smart wearable devices ; center of pressure ; skin temperature ; skin pH ; kickboxing contest ; exercise ; age groups ; electromyography ; rectus femoris ; training control: special fitness test ; training sessions ; verbal ; visual ; verbal–visual feedback ; vertical jump ; complex task ; plyometrics training ; dynamic balance ; quickness ; elite badminton player ; physical education and training ; sports injuries ; child ; triathlon training ; heart rate ; ventilation ; Ukemi ; creative intercorporeality ; collaborative work ; choreographers with and without disabilities ; social cognitive theory ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This reprint contains the 19 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations: Exact Solutions, Symmetries, Methods and Applications, 2023” of the MDPI “Mathematics” journal. This publication covers a wide range of topics pertaining to the theory and applications of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and its generalizations. These journal covers special methods for constructing solutions to nonlinear nonintegrable partial differential equations and application of differential equations to describe physical, technological and environmental processes, among other topics. The main focus of this Special Issue is the use of computer mathematics methods to obtain the results of the presented works. We hope that the reprint will be an interesting and useful resource for those working in the area of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations: Exact Solutions, Symmetries, Methods and Applications, as well as those with the proper mathematical background and willingness to familiarize themselves with recent advances in nonlinear mathematical models. Nowadays, these influence almost all aspects of human life.
    Keywords: stochastic Kuramoto–Sivashinsky ; fractional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky ; exact stochastic-fractional solutions ; \({(\frac{G^{\prime }}{G})}\)-expansion method ; dynamics ; hydraulic drive ; similarity ; multicriteria optimization ; generalized Schrödinger equation ; solitary wave ; exact solution ; implicit function ; spiking neural networks ; synaptic plasticity ; spike-timing-dependent plasticity ; memristor ; solitons ; refractive index ; Kudryashov ; generalized 2D equal-width equation ; Weierstrass elliptic functions ; Kudryashov’s method ; conservation laws ; Noether’s theorem ; improved adomian decomposition method ; optical soliton ; Fokas–Lenells equations ; cubic-quartic optical solitons ; multiwave ; periodic cross-kink solutions ; rational and interaction solutions ; time-fractional ion sound and Langmuir waves system ; generalized SIdV equation ; auxiliary equation method ; exact traveling waves ; solitary waves—kink and bell types ; periodic waves ; peakon ; Cardano ; semi-inverse ; perturbation ; polynomial law ; Laplace–Adomian decomposition ; birefringence ; NLSE ; lump solitons ; breathers ; a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation ; Lie point symmetries ; optimal system of Lie subalgebras ; bifurcation theory ; exact solitary wave solutions ; Bragg gratings ; porous media ; stability ; pore-scale network model ; drainage ; generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation ; Kerr nonlinearity ; simplest equation method ; dispersion of unrestricted order ; nonlinear partial differential equations ; differential constraints ; gas hydrates ; multi-component fluid dynamic ; permafrost formation ; self-gravitation ; magnetohydrodynamic forces ; support operator method ; mathematical modeling ; COVID-19 pandemic ; inverse problems ; time-dependent SEIR model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, “Biotechnology Applications of Microalgae”, is focused on the latest novel advances related to the production of different bioactive compounds from microalgae and their biotechnological use.
    Keywords: enzymatic activity ; fluid dynamics ; microalgae ; oxidative stress ; static magnetic fields ; violaxanthin ; reactive oxygen species ; ascorbic acid ; glutathione ; tocopherols ; phenolic compounds ; carotenoids ; thraustochytrids ; antioxidants ; saturated fatty acids ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; transcriptomics ; sustainability ; industrial valorization ; carbon dioxide fixation ; biological activities ; phytosterol ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Phaeodactylum tricornutum ; Sparus aurata ; β-glucans ; pulse feeding ; immune tolerance ; salt stress ; seawater cultivation ; Internet of Things ; proteomics ; blue light ; astaxanthin ; fatty acid ; heme ; cell wall ; salicylic acid ; fucoxanthin ; green consumption ; food consumption ; amino acids ; carbohydrates ; radical scavenging activity (RSA) ; RP-HPLC ; Chromochloris zofingiensis ; lutein ; CO2 aeration ; cGMP-dependent kinase ; biodiesel ; microalgal biotechnology ; natural antioxidants ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; Chlorella vulgaris ; growth ; fatty acids ; Spirulina ; healthcare ; space missions ; medicine applications ; microgravity effects ; humic substances ; microalgae cultivation ; hormetic effects ; increased nutrient availability ; improved protection against abiotic stress ; higher accumulation of bioactive ingredients ; enhanced microalgal productivity ; Dunaliella salina ; chlorpropham ; herbicide ; phytoene ; Nannochloropsis ; mixotrophy ; photobioreactors ; CHN analysis ; metabolomics ; bioassay ; cell death pathway ; autophagy ; antitumoral activity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on the recent advances in fluid power technology reporting results in a wide range of applications. Studies concerning the developments of pumps both at constant and variable displacement are reported. Analyses are focused on the improvement of efficiency, control, design and pressure ripple reduction. About fluid power, several applications are investigated with the aim of reducing energy losses, in particular implementations in an excavator, a hybrid transmission and a system for agricultural solutions are described. Applications are studied focusing also on the effects of a particular load holding valve, and facing the relevant aspects of the condition monitoring, failure modes and effects analysis. The fluid power covers a very wide range of application as demonstrated by the paper concerning an exoskeleton device. Finally, a particular application concerning a gas pressure regulator with lower noise emission is reported.
    Keywords: fluid power ; hydraulic hybrid drivetrains ; digital hydraulics ; energy savings ; efficiency ; excavator ; electro-hydrostatic actuator ; load sensing ; energy saving ; pump-controlled systems ; axial piston pump ; variable displacement ; swash-plate ; hydromechanical ; volumetric ; operation point ; operation range ; load-holding valve ; counterbalance ; overcenter ; energy balance ; hydraulic systems ; mobile machinery ; positive displacement pump ; active control ; flow ripple ; pressure ripple ; reinforcement learning ; multi-chamber actuator ; mode selection ; agricultural tractors and implements ; high pressure control system ; multi-pressure rail system ; throttle loss reduction ; FMEA ; flow control valve ; risk prioritization ; condition monitoring ; fault detection and diagnosis ; industrial hydraulics ; hydraulic press ; supervised learning ; neural networks ; feature extraction ; feature selection ; linear-quadratic Gaussian controller ; embedded control ; trochoidal profile ; gear pump ; gerotor technology ; contact stress ; finite element method ; design of experiments ; Taguchi method ; simulation-based design ; process planning ; exoskeletons ; hydraulic drives ; miniature applications ; control methods ; pressure control system ; stability ; noise and vibration ; oscillation damping ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: As an important unit operation, crystallization is a process in which nucleation, growth, agglomeration, and breakage are regulated to produce high-quality crystals and achieve efficient separation as well as purification. Since a crystallization process often presents the characteristics of strong coupling, nonlinearity, and large lagging, it is a challenge to rationally design a robust, well-characterized process to efficiently crystallize and prepare a high-quality crystalline product. The development of process analytical technology that can provide fast and accurate inline or online measurement is of great importance in the design and control of crystallization processes. Simulation technology, e.g., molecular dynamics simulation and hydrodynamics simulation, can provide time- or location-dependent insight into the process on multiple scales. These experimental and simulation tools can greatly help to further investigate crystallization processes. This Special Issue served to provide a platform for researchers to report results and findings in crystallization process technologies, simulation and process analytical technologies, and relevant crystallization studies.
    Keywords: crystals ; metal-organic frameworks ; Cu(II) ion ; 2D layer ; structural evolvement ; electronic polysilicon ; flow field ; temperature field ; boundary layer ; coupled furnaces ; florfenicol ; solubility ; binary solvent system ; cosolvency ; correlation model ; nanocrystals ; combinative technology ; aqueous solubility ; stability ; dissolution rate ; nucleation ; growth ; mesoscale ; precursor ; EMMS model ; vanadium pentoxide ; cathode ; doping ; rate performance ; crystal image analysis ; deep learning ; size measurement ; crystal growth rate ; silicon single crystals ; floating zone ; effective segregation coefficient ; numerical modelling ; Czochralski growth ; silicon ; crucible ; oxygen concentration ; calcium carbonate ; foreign salts ; antiscalants ; crystallization ; struvite ; fertilizer ; phosphorus ; ammonium ; wastewater ; stirring ; turbulence ; alumina hydrate ; boehmite ; ammonioalunite ; evolutionary process ; reaction crystallization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue was to publish high-quality papers on poultry nutrition and the inter-relations between nutrition, metabolism, gut microflora, and poultry performance. Therefore, we present here original research articles in the following topics:- the nutrient requirements of poultry;- the impact of dietary fibre on poultry health and performance;- the use of feed additives to improve gut microflora and performance;- the effect of feeding on poultry meat and egg quality;- factors that cause variation in feed ingredients used in poultry diets;- alternative feed ingredients for use in poultry feed formulations;- the impact of gastrointestinal pH on nutrient bioavailability and the intestinal microbiota in poultry;- phytate and xylan ‘susceptibility’ in relation to the effects of enzymes;- factors that influence reactivity and enzyme efficacy;- in vitro models to determine the digestibility of poultry diets.
    Keywords: geese ; feeding ; rye ; oats ; slaughter value ; quality traits ; date by-product ; date stone ; poultry ; nutritive value ; production performance ; amino acids ; broiler ; heat stress ; heat tolerance ; protein metabolism ; microbial metabolites ; gastrointestinal peptides ; glycolipid metabolism ; chicken ; high temperature ; regulatory factors ; protein degradation ; growth ; broilers ; betaine ; performance ; meat quality ; blood constituents ; ZnNPs ; CurNPs ; Bacillus ; microbial aspects ; acute heat stress ; cecum metagenome ; insoluble fiber ; steam-exploded pine ; antioxidant ; growth performance ; gut microbiota ; quercetin ; protease ; dietary protein ; nutrient utilization ; organic ; aromatic plants ; laying hens ; Salvia officinalis L. ; malondialdehyde (MDA) ; Enterobacteriaceae ; poultry fat ; plasma lipid ; muscle FAs content ; aging corn ; oxidative stress ; broiler performance ; intestinal health ; microbiota ; fermented feed ; laying hen ; cecal microbiota ; gut health ; nutrition ; egg quality ; rapeseed cake ; fermentation ; hydrobarothermal treatment ; age ; amino acid ; barley ; corn ; digestibility ; PBMCs ; primary cell culture ; immunomodulating compounds ; breast ; carcass traits ; cinnamon bark ; L-arginine ; in ovo feeding ; antioxidant capacity ; slow-growing chicken ; non-starch polysaccharide degradation ; nutrient digestibility ; ginger ; hematological parameters ; curcumin ; physiological efficiency ; poultry welfare ; stress ; turkey ; neurodegeneration ; methionine ; lysine ; arginine ; Gallus domesticus ; Tribulus Terrestris ; histology ; liver ; kidney ; intestine ; phytase ; bone mineralization ; phytate phosphorus ; broiler chickens ; Acacia Senegal ; performance, gene expression ; morphology ; broiler breeder ; glycerol ; mineral ; superdosing ; yolk sac ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the few last years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies.
    Keywords: ocular ; drug delivery ; pharmacokinetics ; tissue isolation ; rat ; eye ; drug concentration ; method ; pigment ; melanin ; aniridia ; ataluren ; ophthalmic solution ; rare disease ; stability ; tacrolimus ; hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ; topical ophthalmic administration ; eye drops ; uveitis ; PET/CT imaging ; ocular implants ; electrospinning technique ; glaucoma ; sustained drug release ; poly ε-caprolactone ; electrospun fibers ; permeability ; retina ; retinal pigment epithelium ; Ussing chamber ; intravitreal half-life ; posterior capsule opacification ; pathophysiology ; wound healing ; lens epithelial cells ; intraocular lenses ; experimental models ; clinical studies ; gold nanoparticles ; anterior chamber ; distribution ; intracameral injection ; trabecular meshwork ; hyaluronic acid ; liposomes ; intravitreal ; ocular drug delivery ; retinal explants ; amantadine ; blood–retinal barrier ; retinal disease ; NMDA receptor ; inner BRB ; retinal capitally endothelial cells ; outer BRB ; retinal pigment epithelial cells ; transporter ; rivoceranib ; drug repositioning ; microsphere ; subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ; macular degeneration ; endotoxin-induced uveitis ; interleukins ; immunosuppressants ; physicochemical stability ; container-content interaction ; leachable compound ; nanoparticles ; PLGA ; lactoferrin ; nanoprecipitation ; protein nanocarriers ; keratoconus ; corneal ecstatic disorder ; posterior capsular opacification ; intraocular lens ; surface modification ; photothermal therapy ; photodynamic therapy ; micro-pattern ; anti-biofouling ; ocular hypertension ; prostaglandin analogues ; aqueous solubility ; chemical stability ; intraocular pressure ; cystinosis ; ophthalmic administration ; cysteamine ; compounded formulation ; PET ; nanocrystals ; conjunctivitis ; besifloxacin ; Povacoat® ; fluoroquinolones ; acanthamoeba keratitis ; controlled drug delivery ; contact lens ; miltefosine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This Special Issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies. The use of these tools allows for the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, the minimization of water and energy usage, and the improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. This Special Issue aims not only to provide an understanding of smart agriculture but to also inspire the reader to think about the future of agriculture and the ways in which modern food production methods can be improved.
    Keywords: recirculating aquaculture system ; variable-flow regulation model ; circulating pump-drum filter linkage working technique ; machine learning methods ; gene algorithm support vector machine ; controlled environment agriculture ; digital twin ; productivity ; architecture ; optimization ; NDVI ; image processing ; SURF ; SIFT ; SVM ; BP algorithm ; performance ; sweet pepper ; deep neural network ; sprouts ; stimulation with a pulsed magnetic field ; micro and macro components ; ICP-OES ; ground pressure ; paddy soil ; seeding skateboard ; internet of things ; wireless measurement system ; calcium ; magnesium ; phosphorus ; potassium ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; sodium ; zinc ; wild leafy vegetables ; real-time kinematic (RTK) ; precision agriculture ; ISO standard ; global positioning system (GPS) ; GLONASS ; agricultural tractor ; Korean ginseng ; root-rot-disease ; plant segmentation ; deep learning ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; convolutional neural network ; corn insect ; electrical fields ; magnetic fields ; high-voltage electric field ; growth of fruits ; ripening of fruits ; shelf life of fruits ; fungicide resistance ; PCR ; broad-spectrum fungicides ; Fusarium solani ; toxicity ; asymmetric machine-tractor unit ; motion ; stability ; resistance coefficients ; amplitude-frequency characteristic ; phase-frequency characteristic ; quality parameters ; firmness ; total soluble solid ; titratable acidity ; dry matter ; respiration rate ; apple fruit ; model predictive control ; energy management system ; renewable energy ; smart irrigation ; agriculture 4.0 ; maize bulk ; kernel breakage ; vertical pressure ; deformation ; heat production ; sustainable ; agriculture ; rural ; mobile internet technology ; bivariate probit model ; agricultural modernization ; Pakistan ; wheat ; smart ; Zea mays ; stalk diseases ; crop rotation ; stubble ; suppressive soils ; biomass combustion ; broadleaved tree ; pulsed electric field ; calorific value ; UV-C radiation ; stress response ; mechanical properties ; stimulation ; potato tuber ; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; terminal velocity ; winnowing machine separation ; chili pepper harvester ; water and fertilizer integration ; pH adjustment ; BP-PID-Smith algorithm ; estimated compensation ; convolutional neural networks ; MATLAB ; hybrid system ; mobile application ; aeration ; airflow resistance ; pore volume ; semi-empirical modelling ; self-compaction ; spatial and temporal ; energy ; environmental contamination ; lettuce ; life cycle assessment ; winter wheat ; leaf greenness index (SPAD) ; protein ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen ; smart agriculture ; weed management ; crop productivity ; computer vision ; analytical procedure ; forklift truck ; interchangeable equipment ; static stability assessment ; typical meteorological sequence ; typical meteorological week ; wastewater treatment ; high-rate algae pond ; solar irradiance ; Finkelstein-Schafer statistics ; southern rice ; threshing loss ; fuzzy PID ; adaptive algorithm ; hilly mountainous areas ; rapeseed pod ; surface area measurement ; 3-D measurement ; side area of oblique cylinders ; rapeseed pod seed testing machine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The present reprint contains the 11 articles published in the Special Issue “Advances in Delay Differential Equations” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The papers cover a wide range of topics connected to the theory of differential equations with delay. These topics include, among others, the construction of solutions, analytical and numerical methods for; dynamical properties of; and applications of DDE to the mathematical modeling of various phenomena and processes in physics, biology, ecology, and medicine. It is hoped that the reprint will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of differential equations with delays and nonlinear dynamics, as well as for those with the proper mathematical background who are willing to become familiar with recent advances in mathematical modelling, which have now entered almost all areas of science.
    Keywords: stochastic processes ; stochastic differential equation ; coupled system ; nonlocal stochastic integral conditions ; Ulam stability ; delay integro-differential equation ; Gronwall–Bellman inequality ; semi-Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability ; delay differential equations ; Laplace transform ; epidemic model ; disease duration ; time delay ; COVID-19 ; logistic equation ; delay ; quasinormal form ; asymptotic behavior ; dynamics ; carbon absorption-emission model ; multiple time scales method ; normal form ; Hopf bifurcation ; asymptotics ; large parameter ; relaxation oscillations ; periodic solutions ; HIV ; AIDS ; PrEP ; differential–difference system ; discrete delay ; France ; neutral differential equations ; higher-order ; oscillation theory ; monotonic properties ; noncanonical case ; stability ; Andronov–Hopf bifurcation ; normal forms ; Kuramoto model ; synchronization ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Hydrogels are a class of soft materials with crosslinked network structures. They show good biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties similar to those of tissue, so they have a wide range of applications. In recent years, a variety of multifunctional hydrogels with excellent performance have been developed, greatly expanding the depth and breadth of their applications. This book is the reprint of the Special Issue “Advances in Hydrogels”, which focused on the recent advances regarding hydrogels, aiming to provide reference for researchers in related fields. This book included one editorial, thirteen original research articles, and three valuable reviews from thirteen different countries including Canada, China, Thailand, Mexico, India, Saudi Arabia, Chile, Germany, the Czech Republic, Colombia, Romania, Israel, and the USA.
    Keywords: molecularly imprinted polymeric hydrogels ; synthetic receptors ; zearalenone ; glucuronic acid ; fluorescent sensors ; PEG-PLA ; thermoresponsive hydrogel ; redox-sensitive ; hydrogel ; superabsorbent ; e-beam ; swelling ; crosslinking ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; drying ; RW ; CHD ; radiation penetration depth ; lecithin ; rheology ; scanning electron microscopy ; drying and swelling ; extracellular matrix ; mesh size ; hydrogels ; photopolymers ; volume holography ; photo curing ; multifunctional biomedical biomaterials ; light-responsive materials ; novel formulations ; natural polymer ; synthetic polymer ; topical application ; cryoconcentrated blueberry juice ; stability ; storage ; bioactive compounds content ; antioxidant activity ; water gel ; photocrosslinking ; natural polymer modification ; biomedical-engineering applications ; vitamin D ; nanoemulsion ; gelled matrices ; texture analysis ; gelatin ; sensory evaluation ; gummy ; thermosensitive ; P(OEGMA-co-MEO2MA) ; microgel ; scaffold ; 3D culture ; commercial copper sulfide (CuS) ; alginate ; photothermal therapy (PTT) ; near-infrared II windows ; cancer ; glioblastoma ; mechanobiology ; mechanoreceptor ; mechanotransduction ; quercetin ; cyclodextrin ; polyvinyl alcohol ; inclusion complex ; photo-polymerization ; potassium acrylate-co-acrylamide ; swelling capacity ; multistructured ; adhesive strength ; hydrogen bonding ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint presents information to update the state-of-the-art knowledge on young, professional or recreational, male and female athletes. Moreover, it addresses current gaps in the literature on issues that have an impact on athletes (e.g., Crohn’s disease, Olympic weightlifting, and velocity speed loss). Importantly, this reprint contributes to knowledge on how to improve load monitoring (of training and competition) and health care for athletes through direct or indirect research.
    Keywords: football ; male ; training ; youth ; RPE ; GPS ; running ; high-speed running ; sprint ; performance ; load monitoring ; match load ; player load ; long-term ; talent identification ; team sport ; multivariate analysis ; electromyography ; lower trapezius ; muscle strength ; shoulder kinematics ; sports injuries ; psychological factors ; Bayesian network ; sport metabolomics ; oxidative stress ; hormone signalling ; adiponectin ; basketball ; n/a ; correlation ; external intensity ; inertial device ; internal intensity ; perceived exertion ; SIATE ; agility ; soccer ; flexibility ; predictors ; outcome ; strength ; power ; reactive strength ; players ; plyometric training ; resistance training ; external load ; contextual variables ; amateur ; home match ; away match ; combat sports ; elite athletes ; rapid weight loss ; extreme weight loss ; weight management ; female ; Hooper Index ; internal load ; load ; match ; training load ; inflammation ; bowel ; malnutrition ; physical activity ; high-intensity interval training ; sport ; mental load ; Stroop ; triathlon ; sports medicine ; sports physiology ; female athlete ; VO2 max ; ultra-endurance ; bone mass density ; bone remodelling markers ; bone formation ; bone resorption ; athlete ; exercise ; injury ; aquatic training ; bicycling training ; meniscal allograft transplantation ; rehabilitation ; dynamic balance ; range of motion ; external training load ; technology ; wearable inertial measurement units ; heart rate ; monitoring ; sports technology ; load quantification ; competition phases ; exercise monitoring ; athletic performance ; reproducibility ; coping with stress ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; cross-cultural research ; blood flow restriction ; body composition ; low-intensity aerobic training ; recreational runner ; physical fitness ; vascular responses ; isometric ; jump ; stability ; static balance ; Clean and Jerk ; Olympic exercises ; Power Clean ; Snatch ; Squat ; weightlifting derivatives ; physical exercise ; saliva ; metabolomics ; proteomics ; sex ; hearing-impaired ; skill ; inspiratory muscle training ; center of pressure ; soccer players ; velocity–based training ; one–repetition maximum ; maximum strength ; training efficiency ; ports physiology ; women ; maximal aerobic speed ; athletics ; sprint/power athletes ; endurance athletes ; VDR ; rs2228570 polymorphism ; personality trials ; Big Five ; resilience ; athletes ; car drivers ; mindfulness ; awareness ; psychosocial variables ; fast day ; adaptation ; lifestyle ; men ; mental health ; interlimb ; symmetry ; injury risk ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Rock and rock-like materials such as concrete, soil, and underground backfilling materials are considered to be geomaterials. Geomaterials are essential for life due to human construct extraction, mining, storage, and transport areas in the Earth’s crust for raw material. Drilling and excavations of underground openings in the Earth’s crust are requirements for the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, energy resources, and underground spaces. The deepest drilling depth has exceeded 12 km, and the deepest underground excavation now operates mines with depths exceeding 4 to 5 km. Drilling, excavation, and rock support processes largely rely on the physical and mechanical properties of geomaterials. Rock excavations are faced with some instability phenomena, such as caving, rock bursts, slabbing, large deformation, and zonal disintegration, posing a serious threat to the safety of mining and tunneling operations. Rock drilling also encounters many challenges deep underground. Deformation, fracture, failure, and fragmentation are the different stages of geomaterials, the monitoring and control of which are essential for ensuring drilling and excavation safety. Therefore, understanding the response processes of geomaterials during drilling and excavation activities depends on the precise characterizations of geomaterials.
    Keywords: coupled static and dynamic loads ; artificial flaw ; SHPB ; 3D-DIC ; failure laws ; elastic wave ; frequency dependent attenuation ; attenuation coefficient ; rock microstructures ; bleeding water ; phosphogypsum ; cemented backfill ; pollutant ; backfill slurry ; rock mass ; anisotropy ; confining pressure ; strength ; failure mechanism ; discontinuity ; dynamic Brazilian splitting ; digital image correlation ; rock materials ; fracability ; fracture process zone ; crack tolerance ; chevron notched disk ; discrete element method ; iron tailings ; phosphate removal by adsorption ; flawed rocks ; cracking mechanism ; energy dissipation ; rock-burst ; weakly cemented rocks ; triaxial compression ; permeability ; matrix fracturing ; stress–damage–permeability ; in-situ assembling caisson ; VSM construction method ; ground settlement ; deep layered deformation ; field measurement ; stability ; n/a ; DIC ; double fissures ; damage characteristics ; fractal ; cyclic point loading ; rock fatigue ; loading frequency ; waveform ; mechanized rock breakage ; parameter optimization ; hard rock characterization ; rock properties ; field tests ; rebound/Schmidt hammer ; point load test ; Los Angeles test ; aleatoric and epistemic measurement uncertainty ; hard rock ; rock burst tendency ; lab testing ; brittleness indicator ; strength decrease rate ; cut blasting ; damage model ; in-situ stress ; numerical simulation ; field test ; soil–rock mixture (S-RM) ; electrical resistivity ; triaxial shear ; mechanical behavior ; cemented soil–concrete interface ; large-scale interface shear test ; interface shear strength ; unconfined compressive strength ; abutment ; deformation ; geosynthetics ; geosynthetic reinforced soil ; volumetric deformation ; carbonaceous slate ; bedding angle ; chemical erosion ; creep characteristic ; sand ; creep shear mechanical response ; SVM ; BPANN ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In the last few decades, various composite gels have been developed. In recent years, further advances have been made in the development of novel composite gels with potential applications in various fields. This reprint offers the latest findings of composite gels by experts throughout the world.
    Keywords: dental gypsum ; linear expansion coefficient ; 2 h flexural strength ; stability ; gelation properties ; multilayer hydrogels ; composites ; fabrication process ; mechanisms ; application ; silver nanoclusters ; malic acid ; self-assembly ; AIE ; sensor ; jellyfish collagen ; hydrogels ; crosslinking ; cell-laden biomaterials ; chondrocytes ; gel polymer electrolyte ; PVA blend ; potassium hydroxide ; XRD and ATR-FTIR ; TGA-DTG ; ionic conductivity ; cyclic voltammetry study ; Zn–air battery ; chitosan nanofiber ; composite hydrogel ; nanoparticles ; tough hydrogels ; multiple crosslinking ; HIV prevention ; pre-exposure prophylaxis ; HIV/AIDS ; vaginal gels microbicides ; acid phosphatase ; microparticles ; xanthum gum ; polyacrylamide ; cadmium ions ; adsorption ; Langmuir ; Freundlich ; protein quantification ; gel electrophoresis ; Western blot ; dot blot ; microgels ; preformed particle gels ; enhanced oil recovery ; reservoir conformance control ; pH-sensitive microgels ; temperature sensitive microgels ; Borassus flabellifer L. ; antioxidant activity ; antibacterial activity ; Cutibacterium acnes ; gel ; polymer blend electrolytes ; NaBr salt ; glycerol plasticizer ; XRD and FTIR methods ; circuit design ; ion transport parameters ; dielectric properties ; amphiphilic drug ; nonionic surfactant ; surface property ; thermodynamic ; chemical shift ; FT-IR ; carbon/TiO2 gels ; resorcinol formaldehyde RF/TiO2 gels ; photocatalysis ; adsorption kinetics ; methylene blue dye degradation ; tetracaine hydrochloride ; sodium dodecyl sulfate ; sodium lauroyl sarcosine ; drug–surfactant mixed micelle ; synergistic interaction ; peptide hydrogel ; recombinant collagen ; diffusion protocol ; fibrosarcoma cell ; integrin ; stoichiometric ratio ; dimension transition ; supramolecular chirality ; two-component gel ; alpha-crystallin ; dynamic multimode spectroscopy ; circular dichroism ; fluorescence ; thermal stability ; in situ gels ; emulsion gels ; nanogels ; vesicular gels ; exosome ; biomedical engineering ; gelation ; polymer ; palladium ; gold ; coordination ; nanosheet ; nanofiber ; TMDs ; optical properties ; multifunctional composite gels ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive collection of works on recent advances and developments in smart polymer hydrogels applied to the biomedical and nanotechnological fields. The research topic covers all hydrogels, including polymer hydrogels, supramolecular gels, hybrid hydrogels, metallohydrogels, etc.Stimulus-responsive polymer hydrogels have attracted considerable interest as promising smart materials due to their tremendous potential in biomedical and nanotechnological applications. They can respond to different chemical and physical external stimuli, including pH, temperature, light, enzyme activity, redox agents, the electric or magnetic field, and chemicals. Compared to single stimulus-responsive polymer hydrogels, multiple-responsive hydrogels exhibit higher flexibility and tunability to realize multiplefunctionality in a synergistic manner. The structural and phase transition of polymer hydrogels triggered by external stimuli offers enormous potential for drug delivery, tumor therapy, tissue engineering, and biodevices.
    Keywords: hybrid gel network ; natural/synthetic polymer conjugate ; alginate ; poly(itaconic anhydride-co-3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetra-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane) ; bio-applications ; portable NMR ; PVA-PEO-borax hydrogel ; porous stones ; coin corrosion products ; raman spectroscopy ; SEM-EDS ; hydrogel ; copolymer ; reactivity ratios ; DADMAC ; gelation ; synthesis ; starch-based ; high-pressure processing ; stability ; wastewater ; pollutant ; dye ; modeling ; docking simulation ; Linum usitatissimum mucilage ; nicorandil ; acrylamide ; β-cyclodextrin ; sol–gel analysis ; dissolution studies ; mechanophore ; mechanoresponsive hydrogels ; emulsion polymerization ; spiropyran ; hydrocephalus ; MEMS ; 3D printing ; brain implant ; checkpoint inhibitor blockade ; immunotherapy ; anti-CTLA-4 ; peri-tumor injection ; hyaluronidase ; antibody delivery ; tumor draining lymph nodes ; oral science ; tissue regeneration ; drug delivery system ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint includes research papers on different disciplines related to composites. It contains research related to new topics such as nanotubes, fibres, admixtures added in cement and concrete. Additionally self-healing and self-sensing issues are presented. Environmental, and thermal-related topics are also discussed. Studies related to consolidation topics and alkali activation of clays are included. This blend of traditional and modern building materials, all having a common ground, the use of new technologies for improving fresh and harden state properties, make this volume interesting.
    Keywords: single wall carbon nanotubes ; surfactant ; TritonX-100 ; mass of specimens ; compressive strength ; flexural Strength ; bulk density ; ternary cements ; limestone ; siliceous fly ash ; granulated blast furnace slag ; concrete properties ; concrete durability ; CO2 emission ; detached decorative plasters ; injection grout ; glass microspheres ; reduced density ; stability ; strength ; durability ; clay mortars ; activating solutions ; wetting–drying ; freeze–thaw cycles ; microstructure ; superabsorbent polymer ; steel fibers ; high-performance fiber reinforced concrete ; digital image correlation ; autogenous shrinkage ; tensile behavior ; nano-calcium oxide ; nano-silica ; self-healing ; cement pastes ; curing regime ; gypsum binder ; additives ; light-materials ; porosity ; thermal insulation ; cement ; hydrated lime ; HEMC ; mortar ; paste ; hydration ; setting process ; ultrasonic technique ; graphite ; electrical conductivity ; self-sensing ; multi-walled carbon nanotubes ; cement-based materials ; flexural strength ; electrical resistivity ; activation energy ; supplementary cementitious materials ; packing density ; filler effect ; high calcium fly ash ; ladle furnace slag ; limestone filler ; foamed geopolymer ; reinforcing lightweight concrete ; glass fiber composites ; concrete ; thermal properties ; structural properties ; composite modified asphalt binder ; rheological properties ; storage stability ; amorphous poly alpha olefin ; polyphosphoric acid ; application properties ; water retention ; plaster ; cellulose ether ; viscosity ; self-compacting concrete (SCC) ; mix proportion design ; optimization ; experimental verification ; the grey relational analysis ; hook-end steel fiber ; bond performance ; pullout test ; inclination angle ; fiber spacing ; pullout load-slip curve
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This volume collates the main recent developments from studies on quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) worldwide. The most important studies focused on the study of the main agronomic practices, ecophysiological traits, genetics, and post-harvest aspects of quinoa. The result of the most recent pieces of research carried out by scientists from international universities and research centers are included.
    Keywords: quinoa ; systematic review ; bibliometric analysis ; concept network analysis ; agronomic practices ; Chenopodium quinoa ; quinoa production ; participatory plant breeding ; quinoa processing ; production cost ; pearling ; yield ; irrigation ; mechanization ; harvest ; Chenopodium quinoa Wild. ; salinity ; mineral concentration ; food ; extreme environment ; abscisic acid ; desiccation sensitivity ; gibberellin ; hormone signaling ; precocious germination ; seed morphology ; agro-morphological traits ; genotype × environment interaction ; AMMI ; stability ; Na+, K+, CO2 assimilation ; stomatal restrictions ; non-diffusional ; diffusional ; RubisCO activity ; stems ; high temperatures ; food security ; climate smart agriculture ; quinoa by-products ; antioxidant activity ; conjugated phenolics ; flavonoids ; phenolic acids ; nutraceutical properties ; postharvest ; saponin ; minerals ; processing ; seed bran ; quinoa seeds quality ; nutrition ; causal agents ; downy mildew ; pathogenicity ; Peronospora ; resistance factors ; severity ; quinoa diseases ; quinoa disease assessment ; grain quality ; ancestral crop ; morphologic descriptors ; selection index ; pseudocereal ; water use efficiency ; phenolic compounds ; gas exchange ; descriptors ; genetic diversity ; scoring card ; architecture ; panicle ; disease ; high throughput seed phenotyping ; remote sensing ; database ; insecticides ; quinoa pests ; side effects ; natural enemy ; IPM ; Fusarium ; FIESC ; Peronospora variabilis ; seed ; genotype ; nutritional traits ; seed quality ; Amaranthaceae ; chromatography ; polyphenol ; quinoa starch ; secondary protein ; quinoa grains ; phytochemicals ; anti-oxidants ; nutrients ; phytosterols ; nitrogen harvested by yield ; apparent use efficiency of N ; arid environments ; Altiplano ; Chenopodium quinoa Willd. ; North-West Europe ; saponins ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; triacylglycerols ; insects ; pests ; distribution ; Chile ; wholemeal flour ; water holding capacity ; water absorption index ; pasting behavior ; field trial ; hyperspectral imaging ; phenotyping ; reduced irrigation ; thermal imaging ; nitrogen use efficiency ; inhibitors ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; grain protein ; breeding ; genetic structure ; germplasm ; heritability ; effects of genotype by environment interaction ; Andean regions ; abiotic stresses ; nutrition profile ; value chain ; developing countries ; germplasm diversity ; deficit irrigation ; nitrogen fertilizer rate ; nitrogen uptake ; residual soil NO3-N ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The pressure upon natural resources and the increasing awareness of the necessary transformation of the global food system are driving the quest of both academia and industry towards more sustainable approaches. Sustainability in the agro-food sector begins with the valorization of food industry waste and side streams, products with an extremely high intrinsic value but often discarded because unfit for further processing that meet consumers expectations. Apart from their use as feed, a more practical solution responding to the modern vision of circular economy must be sought. Indeed, several processes can guarantee that the potential of food industry by-products is fully unleashed, generating high-value ingredients while ensuring nutritional quality. In this framework, this Special Issue included the most recent advances in the valorization of food by-product (of both animal and plant origin), from extraction to bioprocessing, including their application in a variety of food-related industries throughout the entire food supply chain.
    Keywords: Newhall navel orange ; dietary fiber ; structural properties ; functional properties ; L-arabinose ; sucrose ; fat ; starch ; glucose ; insulin ; GLP-1 ; GIP ; healthy adults ; olive pomace ; natural phenolic compounds ; antioxidant activity ; macroporous absorbing resin ; hydroxytyrosol ; litchi pomace ; monosaccharide composition ; structure ; prebiotic activity ; Morus alba leaves ; phenolic compounds ; Box-Behnken ; HPLC-MS ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; chufa ; HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS ; antioxidant ; cookies ; date seed ; flavonoids ; polyphenols ; degree of hydrolysis ; milk protein concentrate ; molecular mass distribution ; sodium caseinate ; turbidity ; viscosity ; whey protein ; foaming properties ; fish skin gelatin ; pea protein ; interfacial properties ; Turbiscan Tower ; CLSM ; sonication-assisted extraction ; solvent extraction ; Punica granatum L. ; pomegranate peels ; pomegranate seeds ; antimicrobial activity ; phytotoxicity ; U. pinnatifida ; traditional cooking methods ; quality characteristics ; color ; texture ; bioactive nutrients ; asarinin ; solid acid catalyst ; characterization ; optimization ; physicochemical properties ; dairy proteins ; caseins ; plant proteins ; protein beverages ; acid gel ; colloidal stability ; pulsed electric field ; pulse generation ; milk proteins ; protein structure ; Aloe vera ; anthraquinones ; stability ; aloin ; aloe-emodin ; rhein ; spray drying ; freeze drying ; processing temperature ; pH ; microencapsulation ; storage stability ; carotenoid degradation ; gum arabic ; vegetable fat ; starch-based film ; degradability ; active packaging ; intelligent packaging ; mechanical properties ; barrier properties ; freshness indicator ; time-temperature sensor ; silver carp ; collagen ; by-products ; rheological properties ; fried oil ; adsorbent ; lignocellulosic biomass ; fatty acid ; food waste ; oil regeneration ; oil quality ; sustainability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focuses on fish otoliths, as one of the most useful and important biological structures for fishery scientists and managers around the world. Collected papers cover several different research areas, from the otolith macro- to the microstructure and microchemistry, analyzing different types of otoliths and investigating various freshwater and marine species in their larval, juvenile and adult stages. Special attention is given to different approaches in otolith research and to many practical applications of such studies. The obtained data served to determine the age and growth of individual fish; to study habitat interactions, migration patterns, or habitats that the fish live in; to detect water temperatures or the presence of certain pollutants in the environment; and to reveal all other vital information about the life history of the fish.
    Keywords: sagittal otolith ; somatic growth ; long-lived fishes ; ontogeny ; teleost anatomy ; development ; fish morphology ; Fourier ; marking ; alizarin complexone ; hard tissue ; fin ray ; otolith ; scale ; silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ; age ; growth ; otoliths ; morphometry ; Sphyraena sphyraena ; fish age determination ; Greenland halibut ; deep learning ; dataset shift ; domain adaptation ; red snapper ; wavelet ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; asteriscus ; side effect ; otolith shape ; geographical effect ; temperature effect ; pH ; brook trout ; fish kill ; anadromy ; otolith microchemistry ; crucian carp ; strontium ; marking efficiency ; restocking ; time delay ; fish otoliths ; CNN ; age determination ; web tool ; Kokanee ; homing ; stocking ; Anguilla anguilla ; fish biology ; ecosystem variability ; minho river ; stock assessment ; Coilia nasus ; river estuary ; Yellow Sea ; elemental signature ; stable isotopic signature ; stock spatial structure ; atherinids ; trade-off ; daily growth ; spawning ; European hake ; length–frequency distribution ; sex-ratio ; hydro-morpho-sedimentary characteristics ; marginal increment analysis ; band deposition ; Thunnus thynnus ; growth curves ; edge analysis ; growth performance index ; quartile of marginal growth band method ; k-fold cross-validation ; back-calculation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Halophytes are a fascinating group of wild plants adapted to highly saline natural habitats, where most plant species and all our conventional crops would not survive. In fact, some halophytes can withstand even seawater salinity. In the current climate change scenario, increasing average temperatures and drought episodes contribute to the accelerated salinisation of irrigated cropland, especially in arid and semiarid regions, by the progressive accumulation in the soil of salts dissolved in irrigation water. This ‘secondary salinisation’ is one of the major causes of reducing crop yields worldwide. In this context, halophytes represent ideal experimental systems to investigate the mechanisms plants use to respond to high-salinity conditions. This knowledge will be essential for the genetic improvement of crop salt tolerance, which represents the most sensible strategy to address the abovementioned problem. Furthermore, halophytes could be the basis of a sustainable, ‘saline’ agriculture, after domestication and some breeding to improve agronomic characteristics. Then, they could be commercially cultivated for food, feed, fibre, or the production of biomolecules of industrial interest. Since they could be grown in saline land and irrigated with brackish water, they will not compete with our conventional crops for these limited resources, fertile land and good-quality water for irrigation. The articles included in this Special Issue address these different aspects of halophytes’ research, although most focus on basic studies on salt-tolerance mechanisms.
    Keywords: halophytes ; Amaranthaceae ; salinity ; antioxidant enzymes ; phenolic compounds ; salt stress ; growth responses ; ion accumulation ; osmolytes ; oxidative stress biomarkers ; antioxidants ; climate change ; growth ; osmolyte accumulation ; phytohormones ; polyamines ; salicylic acid ; biosaline agriculture ; salt tolerance ; osmotic stress ; pre-conditioning ; intraspecific variability ; bioactive compounds ; flavonoids ; fatty acids ; Suaeda ; physiology ; oxidative stress ; potential toxic elements ; betacyanin ; carbon ; nitrogen ; phytoremediation ; rice ; halophyte ; root ; microelectrode ion flux ; MIFE ; transporters ; inflorescences ; ion localization ; forage legumes ; ions ; mineral nutrition ; salinity tolerance ; strawberry clover ; morphology ; anatomy ; catalase ; peroxidase ; hydrogen peroxide ; chlorophyll content ; Sarcocornia fruticosa ; Salicornia europaea ; Salicornia veneta ; drought stress ; stress recovery ; ion transport ; oxidative stress markers ; salt glands ; recretohalophytes ; endemism ; water deficit ; osmolytes accumulation ; drought tolerance ; conservation programmes ; climate emergency ; crops’ wild relatives ; glycophytes ; salt tolerance mechanisms ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The issues relating to the functioning of the tourism economy include both the activities of tourism enterprises and spatial units, i.e., tourism destinations, as well as tourism demand, including tourists' purchasing behavior. The aim of the Special Issue of Economies is to present the current results of research on the functioning of the tourism market and its individual elements. The presented studies refer to four groups of issues: the foundations of the tourism industry, including general rules and economic mechanisms related to the operation of this industry market; the functioning of tourism entrepreneurs, especially in the tourism industry, mainly in the area of accommodation offers; the operation of tourist destinations and the available offers in tourist areas; the trends in tourist demand, including the purchasing behavior of tourists in tourist destinations.
    Keywords: campsites ; demand for camping tourism ; time series data ; income elasticity ; currency elasticity ; tourism infrastructure ; attracting international visitors ; transport and communications infrastructure ; hotel and restaurant industry ; recreation facilities ; senior tourism ; senior travelers ; travel motivations ; daily rate pricing ; holiday rentals ; hedonic pricing method ; Booking.com ; sharing economy ; Gibrat’s Law ; tourism ; growth ; system GMM estimator ; dynamic panel data ; Norway ; brand equity ; customer-based brand equity ; Croatia ; destination ; destination awareness ; destination brand ; destination image ; destination loyalty ; destination management ; destination quality ; visitors’ loyalty ; local community ; community development ; sustainable community ; tourism and renewable energy ; two-stage decision model ; zero expenditure ; dependent double-hurdle model ; demand for accommodation ; community-based tourism ; industrial tourism ; islands ; economics ; panel data ; APC model ; tourism destination ; natural value areas ; rural areas ; mobility problems ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The pressure upon natural resources and the increasing awareness of the necessary transformation of the global food system are driving the quest of both academia and industry towards more sustainable approaches. Sustainability in the agro-food sector begins with the valorization of food industry waste and side streams, products with an extremely high intrinsic value but often discarded because unfit for further processing that meet consumers expectations. Apart from their use as feed, a more practical solution responding to the modern vision of circular economy must be sought. Indeed, several processes can guarantee that the potential of food industry by-products is fully unleashed, generating high-value ingredients while ensuring nutritional quality. In this framework, this Special Issue included the most recent advances in the valorization of food by-product (of both animal and plant origin), from extraction to bioprocessing, including their application in a variety of food-related industries throughout the entire food supply chain.
    Keywords: Newhall navel orange ; dietary fiber ; structural properties ; functional properties ; L-arabinose ; sucrose ; fat ; starch ; glucose ; insulin ; GLP-1 ; GIP ; healthy adults ; olive pomace ; natural phenolic compounds ; antioxidant activity ; macroporous absorbing resin ; hydroxytyrosol ; litchi pomace ; monosaccharide composition ; structure ; prebiotic activity ; Morus alba leaves ; phenolic compounds ; Box-Behnken ; HPLC-MS ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; chufa ; HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS ; antioxidant ; cookies ; date seed ; flavonoids ; polyphenols ; degree of hydrolysis ; milk protein concentrate ; molecular mass distribution ; sodium caseinate ; turbidity ; viscosity ; whey protein ; foaming properties ; fish skin gelatin ; pea protein ; interfacial properties ; Turbiscan Tower ; CLSM ; sonication-assisted extraction ; solvent extraction ; Punica granatum L. ; pomegranate peels ; pomegranate seeds ; antimicrobial activity ; phytotoxicity ; U. pinnatifida ; traditional cooking methods ; quality characteristics ; color ; texture ; bioactive nutrients ; asarinin ; solid acid catalyst ; characterization ; optimization ; physicochemical properties ; dairy proteins ; caseins ; plant proteins ; protein beverages ; acid gel ; colloidal stability ; pulsed electric field ; pulse generation ; milk proteins ; protein structure ; Aloe vera ; anthraquinones ; stability ; aloin ; aloe-emodin ; rhein ; spray drying ; freeze drying ; processing temperature ; pH ; microencapsulation ; storage stability ; carotenoid degradation ; gum arabic ; vegetable fat ; starch-based film ; degradability ; active packaging ; intelligent packaging ; mechanical properties ; barrier properties ; freshness indicator ; time-temperature sensor ; silver carp ; collagen ; by-products ; rheological properties ; fried oil ; adsorbent ; lignocellulosic biomass ; fatty acid ; food waste ; oil regeneration ; oil quality ; sustainability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dynamical system theory has been widely used to study scientific problems. The purpose of this reprint is to introduce the latest research results related to dynamical system theory. This reprint is a reference for researchers engaged in applied mathematics, biomathematics and related fields.
    Keywords: delay ; diffusion ; predator–prey ; Hopf bifurcation ; synthetic drugs transmission ; time delays ; local stability ; period solutions ; COVID-19 model ; vaccination willingness ; failure time of vaccine antibody ; multiple time scales method ; normal form ; COVID-19 epidemic ; booster vaccination ; two delays ; numerical simulations ; forest fire ; tree–beetle system ; stability ; sensitivity analysis ; optimal control ; hydroelastic response ; viscous fluid ; nonlinear oscillations ; hybrid fractal-fractional derivative ; smoking model ; approximate solution ; Lagrangian piece-wise interpolation ; memory effect ; anti-predator behaviour ; predator–prey model ; Neimark–Sacker bifurcation ; refuge ; predator-prey interactions ; dormancy of predators ; hopf bifurcations ; diffusion-induced instability ; Allee effect ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: In recent decades, crop breeding has greatly benefited from the knowledge of plant genomics and genetics, as well as the development of modern biotechnologies. Exploring the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying various plant developmental and growth processes is imperative, as they underpin crop yield, grain quality, and stress adaptations. The goal of this Special Issue in IJMS, “Research on Plant Genomics and Breeding”, is to present an overview of the latest fundamental discoveries in the field of plant genomics, as well as the potential utilization of biotechnologies in crop genetic improvement. We welcome all readers to this Reprint that covers several fields: the genetic and functional characterization of genes regulating important plant development processes or agronomic traits; the genetic improvement in crops using gene editing and other modern biotechnologies; and the discovery, characterization, and application of germplasm resources with elite traits.
    Keywords: lotus ; genome ; variant ; germplasm ; breeding ; omics ; rapeseed ; root and biomass traits ; nitrogen stress ; GWAS ; RNA sequencing ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; gibberellins ; abscisic acid ; NF-YCs ; upland cotton ; senescence ; genomic region ; candidate gene ; GhMKK9 ; Oryza sativa L. ; leaf shape ; salt stress ; bulliform cells ; aquaporin ; okra ; growth ; NAC transcription factor ; flavonoid ; photosynthesis ; Tartary buckwheat ; H2O2 ; NaCl ; physiology and biochemistry ; Brassicaceae ; Brassica oleracea ; DFR ; MYBL2 ; SNP ; RNA ; CRISPR ; soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; pollen abortion ; gene expression ; histone methylation ; protein arginine methyltransferase ; Zea mays L. ; abiotic stress ; functional analysis ; rice ; domestication ; genomic variation ; synonymous codon usage bias ; DNA methylation ; Oryza longistaminata ; rhizome ; sucrose ; RNA-Seq ; transcriptome ; fresh corn ; stalk sugar content ; agronomic traits ; genome-wide association analysis ; selective sweep ; single nucleotide polymorphisms ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; herbaceous peony ; germplasm resources ; global warming ; low latitudes ; gene family ; cis-acting element ; gene duplication events ; evolutionary relationship ; Areca catechu ; NRAMP ; Fe and Zn deficiency ; stress response ; salinity ; OsLPR5 ; ferroxidase ; stress ; parental imprinting ; transgenerational epigenetics ; paternal inheritance ; wheat ; TaCKX expression ; cytokinin ; yield ; kompetitive allele-specific PCR ; genetic validation ; water deficit ; MAS ; grain length ; re-sequencing ; fine mapping ; P450 protein ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: The study of phase transitions in materials under high pressure and high temperature is a very active research field. In the last few decades, many important discoveries have been made thanks to the development of experimental techniques and computer simulation methods. Many of these achievements affect various research fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to geophysics. They not only involve deepening knowledge on solid–solid phase transitions, but also a better understanding of melting under compression. These modern discoveries, as well as the impact of pressure on structural, chemical, and physical properties, are central to the current Special Issue. Amongst other topics, it places particular emphasis on phase transitions and their effects on different physical properties.
    Keywords: high pressure ; phase transition ; synchrotron radiation ; X-ray diffraction ; high-pressure polymorph ; relative stability ; di-p-tolyl disulfide ; high-pressure DFT ; molecular crystals ; hidden polymorph ; phase diagram ; phase transitions ; metastability ; phase boundaries ; kinetic lines ; nonequilibrium conditions ; HPHT diamond ; inclusion ; PL mapping ; chemical components ; ab initio calculations ; tensile strain ; electronic transition ; topological analysis of bonds ; charge density wave ; pressure ; chemical substitution ; resistivity ; LaAgSb2 ; LaAuSb2 ; corresponding states ; Wigner–Seitz radii ; elemental solids ; phase transformation ; phase stability ; elastic anomalies ; structural transition ; group VB transition metals ; high pressure and high temperature ; FeVO4 under pressure ; CrVO4-type structure ; first-principles ; mechanical properties ; vibrational properties ; electronic properties ; enthalpy difference components ; equation of state ; first principles ; phase relations ; band gap ; ab initio ; garnet ; elasticity ; phonons ; Raman ; luminescence ; copper halides ; DyScO3 ; density functional theory ; stability ; high-pressure studies ; Raman spectroscopy ; infrared spectroscopy ; rare earth orthophosphate ; plasticity ; iron ; alpha–epsilon ; molecular dynamics simulations ; ramp ; shock wave ; hardening-like effect ; rare earth tantalates ; first principles calculations ; Raman modes ; high-pressure effects ; lattice dynamics ; ferroelectric ; antiferroelectric ; niobate ; Raman scattering ; high pressure diffraction ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mathematical modeling is at the heart of most current developments in biological system analysis and bioprocess optimization and control. At the industrial scale, this evolution is reflected in process analytical technologies (PAT), digital twins, and Industry 4.0. This book focuses on various aspects of mathematical modeling at the microscopic and macroscopic scales, respectively, and demonstrates the potential of these methodologies to gain insight into the cell metabolism, to support the design of software sensors to reconstruct unmeasurable variables, or to establish model-based optimization of the operating conditions and/or feedback control of the bioprocesses. The range of applications is vast, including biopharmaceuticals, bioenergy, and the environment.
    Keywords: mathematical model ; continuous bioreactor ; biodegradation ; phenol and p-cresol mixture ; SKIP model ; equilibrium points ; stability analysis ; global stabilizability ; numerical simulation ; MEC ; hydrogen production ; online optimization ; golden section search ; super-twisting controller ; FPGA ; bioplastic ; copolymerization ; polyhydroxyalkanoate ; kinetic modeling ; PID (PI) control ; gain-scheduling ; biotechnological cultivation process ; dissolved oxygen concentration ; flux variability analysis ; flux balance analysis ; sampling ; metabolic network ; elementary flux modes ; set membership estimation ; dynamic flux balance model ; multiparametric programming ; observability ; variable structure system ; process analytical technologies (PAT) ; off-gas analytic ; real-time monitoring ; viable cell biomass ; perfusion process ; continuous process ; single-use bioreactor (SUB) ; oxygen uptake rate (OUR) ; soft sensor ; metabolic flux analysis ; VERO cells ; biotechnology ; B. thuringiensis kurstaki ; biopesticides ; kinetic parameters ; dynamic model ; composting ; optimization ; mathematical modeling ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; chemostat ; maintenance ; operating diagram ; productivity ; stability ; optimal control ; modelling ; microalgae ; nonlinear control ; Pontryagin’s principle ; singular control ; Droop model ; photobioreactor ; biomass ; biorefinery design ; process integration ; scheduling ; simulation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The application of novel experimental tools in many scientific fields has created an urgent need for an improved understanding of many new physical phenomena that emerge under such conditions. In particular, phenomena that occur in low-dimensional systems have drawn the interest of many experimental and theoretical groups globally. The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of the current research in low-dimensional systems by attracting contributions from a number of specialists in the field. This way, we attempt to provide important insights on the large variety of scientifically fascinating and technologically important phenomena that are currently being investigated. The covered topics include original research articles on the fundamental principles and experimental aspects that apply to various low-dimensional systems, such as quantum dots, graphene systems, ultrathin films, superconducting films, novel nanoscale devices, etc. This reprint includes research papers from both theoretical and experimental groups. Many phenomena are studied from a multi-disciplinary perspective in such a way as to explore key important developments in the field.
    Keywords: scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) ; numerical study ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; boron nitride ; h-BN ; ultrathin films ; heat transfer ; thermal contact ; penetration depth ; stationary time ; charge order ; triangular lattice ; extended Hubbard model ; atomic limit ; mean-field theory ; phase diagram ; longer-range interactions ; thermodynamic properties ; fermionic lattice gas ; adsorption on the surface ; nanocapacitor ; energy ; capacitance ; circular plate ; dielectric thin film ; graphene plasmons ; dispersionless ; deep-subwavelength gap ; electro-optic switch ; on-chip integration ; graphene ; nanocomposite film ; film-forming ability ; stability ; mechanical properties ; HgSe QD ; long-wave infrared ; evaporated film ; morphology ; RF magnetron sputtering ; TiO2 film ; triphenylphosphine ; Au9 ; gold clusters ; photodeposition ; CrOx ; Cr(OH)3 ; Cr2O3 layer ; QD-Flash ; self-assembled quantum dots ; quantum dots memories ; non-volatile memories ; universal memories ; hole localization ; quaternary alloy ; strain ; superconducting ; nanostripes ; vortex ; confinement ; critical current ; flux ; NbN ; BKT transition ; phase slips ; granular superconductivity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This collection of articles includes the latest results related to applications of dynamical systems in the mathematical modelling of engineering problems, such as those concerning power system dynamics, material science, energy systems, gas dynamical networks, etc.Its purpose is to bring together mathematicians with engineers and physicists, as well as other scientists. The articles accepted and included are of a high quality and have original research results.
    Keywords: Fractional Fornberg–Whitham equation ; variational iteration transform method ; Shehu decomposition method ; partial differential equation ; approximate solution ; Caputo’s operator ; Caputo fractional differential equation ; synthetic drugs ; stability ; optimal control ; Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative ; coupled system ; fractional order boundary conditions ; green function ; existence theory ; Ulam stability ; hybrid method ; trisection ; bisection ; false position ; Newton–Raphson ; secant ; dynamical systems ; higher-order controllers ; PID controller ; magnitude optimum ; controller tuning ; noise attenuation ; time-dependent dynamical systems ; quadratic first integrals ; Killing tensors ; kinetic metric ; Kepler potential ; oscillator ; Lane-Emden equation ; fractional calculus ; calculus of variations ; Euler–Lagrange equations ; isoperimetric problems ; holonomic problems ; higher-order derivatives ; nonlinear elasticity ; general barycentric coordinates ; energy minimisation ; Lagrange multipliers ; null-space method ; elasticity ; electroosmotic forces ; heat transfer ; Rabinowitsch fluid ; suspension ; mid-ranging ; valve position control ; input resetting control ; parallel control ; MISO ; robust control ; QFT ; frequency domain ; feedforward ; nash equilibria ; stochastic LQ differential games ; sampled-data controls ; equilibrium strategies ; optimal trajectories ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book has focused on novel developments and advancements in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with the aim of greenhouse gas reduction. The book determines whether carbon dioxide is a crisis or an opportunity, as well as its conversion into useful products such as synthesis gas. Moreover, the selective catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides is also presented.
    Keywords: Al2O3 ; CO2 reforming ; La2O3 ; CH4 ; ZrO2 ; perovskites ; strontium ; cerium ; hydrogen ; sintering ; carbon deposition ; BiF3 nanostructure ; POP composite ; photocatalyst ; Rz ink ; CO2 ; stability ; H-ZSM-5 ; greenhouse gas reduction ; CeO2 ; MgO ; dry reforming ; heterogeneous catalysis ; in situ XRD ; carbon dioxide (CO2) ; carbon monoxide (CO) ; CO2 feedstock ; methanation ; catalyst ; catalysis ; photocatalysis ; Power-to-Gas ; catalyst design ; heterogenous catalysts database ; ceramic foams ; ZnO nanorods ; TiO2 nanorods ; NOx mitigation (deNOx) ; environmental nanocatalysis ; selective catalytic reduction SCR ; W and V catalytic sites ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes.
    Keywords: glass fibers ; surface modification ; polyethersulfone ; impregnation ; composite materials ; mechanical properties ; damping properties ; stability ; 3D printing ; composites ; DLP ; lignocellulose ; nanoindentation ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; PET fiber ; PP ; compatibility ; modification ; co-injection molding ; fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) ; fiber orientation distribution (FOD) ; micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT) scan technology ; bearing ; salt fog aging ; glass-flax hybrid coposites ; pinned joints ; failure modes ; polymer-matrix composites ; carbon fibers ; polysulfone ; rubber ; short jute fibers ; surface treatments ; scanning electron microscopy ; PVA ; CMC ; Na2CO3 ; film ; hydrogel mechanical properties ; nanocomposites ; double-network hydrogels ; polymer–nanoparticle interactions ; bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) ; waste bamboo fibers ; chemical composition ; physico-mechanical properties ; thermal decomposition kinetics ; PEEK composites ; reinforcements ; self-lubricating bush ; friction and wear ; pin joints ; flat slab ; two-way shear ; carbon fiber reinforced polymers ; glass fiber reinforced polymers ; natural rubber ; maleated natural rubber ; palm stearin ; halloysite nanotubes ; heat treatment ; surface modification of staple carbon fiber ; natural rubber latex ; reinforcement mechanism ; dopamine ; rubber composite ; bifunctionally composite ; sulfonic acid based proton exchange membrane ; silica nanofiber ; mechanical stability ; high temperature fuel cell ; polyetherimide ; polycarbonate ; polyphenylene sulfone ; kenaf fibre ; glass fibre ; hybrid composites ; low velocity impact ; damage progression ; bamboo ; n/a ; poly (lactic acid) (PLA) ; wastes rubber ; recycling ; tensile properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue provides a collection of recent research and reviews that investigate many areas of welfare assessment, such as novel approaches and technologies used to evaluate the welfare of farmed, captive, or wild animals. Research in this Special Issue includes welfare assessment related to pilot whales, finishing pigs, commercial turkey flocks, and dairy goats; the use of sensors or wearable technologies, such as heart rate monitors to assess sleep in dairy cows, ear tag sensors, and machine learning to assess commercial pig behaviour; non-invasive measures, such as video monitoring of behaviour, computer vision to analyse video footage of red foxes, remote camera traps of free-roaming wild horses, infrared thermography of effort and sport recovery in sport horses; telomere length and regulatory genes as novel biomarkers of stress in broiler chickens; the effect of environment on growth physiology and behaviour of laboratory rare minnows and housing system on anxiety, stress, fear, and immune function of laying hens; and discussions of natural behaviour in farm animal welfare and maintaining health, welfare, and productivity of commercial pig herds.
    Keywords: bioethics ; domestication ; genetic selection ; animal behavior ; animal welfare ; eye caruncle temperature ; Spanish Sport Horse ; performance test ; genetic lines ; heritability ; infrared thermography ; pigs ; welfare ; health ; herd management ; monitoring technologies ; animal husbandry ; welfare assessment ; wellbeing ; goat ; caprine ; dairy ; dairy cows ; heart rate ; sleep ; heart rate variability ; polysomnography ; animal-based welfare indicators ; camera traps ; wild horses ; precision swine farming ; ear tag pig sensor ; behavioral monitoring ; machine intelligence ; technology adoption ; broiler ; corticosterone ; performance ; telomeres ; telomere regulators ; stress biomarkers ; horse ; equine ; lying ; time budget ; locomotion ; geriatric ; orthopedic ; recumbency ; mixed commercial turkey flocks ; on-farm assessment ; YOLOv4 ; computer vision ; animal monitoring ; animal activity ; body posture ; rare minnow ; environmental enrichment ; growth ; physiology ; anxiety-like behavior ; enrichment ; hospitalization requirement ; lameness ; lesions ; tail biting ; attention bias ; conventional cage ; environmental complexity ; feather corticosterone ; IgA ; laying hen ; animal welfare assessment ; behaviour ; human intervention ; marine mammal ; cetacean ; management ; stranding ; wildlife ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue, “Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology, and Mitigation”, published 11 original research works and 1 review article that discussed the various aspects of ROS Biology, metabolism, and the physiological mechanisms and approaches to mitigating oxidative stress. These types of research studies show further directions for the development of crop plants that are tolerant to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.
    Keywords: heat stress ; grafting ; cucumber ; bitter-melon rootstock ; polyamines ; photosynthesis ; salicylic acid ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; excess boron ; lipid peroxidation ; enzymatic antioxidant ; glutathione ; proline ; stomatal conductance ; arsenic stress ; soybean ; growth ; antioxidant enzymes ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; glyoxalase system ; altitudinal variation ; antioxidant activity ; bioactive compounds ; endemic species ; oxidative damage ; sequential application of antioxidants ; salinity ; Cucumis sativus ; photosynthetic efficiency ; antioxidant defense systems ; antioxidants ; cadmium ; oxidative stress ; peptone ; spinach ; alpha-tocopherol ; foliar spray ; okra varieties ; salt ; drought ; plants ; ROS ; genomics ; approaches ; integration ; abiotic stress ; antioxidant defense ; phytohormones ; pulse crop ; water deficit ; AsA-GSH pathway ; methylglyoxal ; micronutrient ; osmoregulation ; reactive oxygen species ; trace elements ; Olea europaea L. ; selenium biofortification ; olive pollen ; cytosolic Ca2+ ; Cucurbita pepo (L.) ; mineral uptake ; nucleic acids ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
    Keywords: nanocarbon ; rocket fuels ; furfuryl alcohol ; fuming nitric acid ; waste ; hypergolics ; carbon materials ; CO2 methanation ; bimetallic catalysts ; Ni-based catalysts ; promoters ; alloy nanoparticles ; bimetallic synergy ; hybrid nanoflowers ; biosynthesis ; influencing factors ; biosensing cues ; bio-catalysis ; propane ; steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; perovskite ; ruthenium ; rhodium ; La2O2CO3 ; stability ; propane steam reforming ; H2 production ; Ni ; TiO2 ; CeO2 ; YSZ ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; drifts ; n/a ; HDO reaction ; transition metal phosphides ; structure ; acidity ; characterization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book is a collection of a group of peer-reviewed scientific papers dealing with both the evaluation and the solution of the complex but pressing problem of water source pollution. In the case of both fresh and marine water, the environmental and health protection aspects are closely linked. Monitoring activities supply continuous information on the contamination levels in inland surface, ground, and coastal waters, providing an alert in case of increased or new contamination and monitoring the effectiveness of remediation strategies. On the other hand, new or improved remediation and bioremediation tools are urgently needed to tackle the scarcity of safe drinking water. The papers in this book represent interesting starting points for future researches.
    Keywords: acute toxicity ; Daphnia magna ; electrochemical oxidation ; emerging contaminants ; methiocarb ; glucocorticoids ; TiO2-solar light degradation ; freshwater pollution ; photoproducts ; matrix constituents ; human health analysis ; water contamination ; water quality model ; hydraulic model ; WDS ; water quality sensors ; agrochemicals ; photo-reactor ; advanced oxidation processes ; water pollution ; point sources ; antioxidant enzymes ; pharmaceutical residues ; pesticides ; detergents ; integrative indexes ; groundwater pollution ; pollution costs ; economic environmental protection instruments ; physico-chemical parameters ; heavy metals ; health risk index ; Pearson coefficients ; adsorption ; dye ; MWCNT ; kinetics ; isotherm models ; thermodynamic ; bioaccumulation ; Lake Chapala ; carp ; catfish ; PTWI ; bioremediation ; ecotoxicology ; Gibbula umbilicalis ; marine bacteria ; tributyltin ; TBT-tolerance ; microalgae ; Vibrio fisheri ; benzenesulfonamide ; benzothiazole ; benzotriazole ; biotoxicity tests ; ferrous lactate ; in situ chemical reduction ; trichloroethylene (TCE) ; green and sustainable remediation (GSR) ; 1,4-dioxane ; dynamic ; pollution ; dumping site ; transport phenomena ; superfund ; enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) ; dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) ; chlorinated hydrocarbons ; tetrachloroethene (PCE) ; trichloroethene (TCE) ; dichloroethene (DCE) ; anaerobic reduction ; metagenomics ; microplastics ; largemouth bass ; growth ; intestinal morphology ; intestinal microbiota ; PCBs ; monitoring ; biomonitoring ; statistical analysis ; Lake Baikal ; passive sampling ; trace contaminants ; seawater ; chromatography–mass spectrometry ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Mixed cropping, also known as inter-cropping or co-cultivation, is a plant production system that involves planting two or more species (or cultivars) in the same field in a variable order—row or rowless—simultaneously. Mixed cropping plays an important role in sustainable agriculture by adding value to crop rotations and agroecosystems. Scientific investigations on environmentally friendly mixed cropping should be supported by studies on the direct costs and long-term benefits that are the most relevant to farmers. Meeting the need to strengthen the scientific basis for mixed crops, the papers in this Special Issue enhance our understanding of the following: The selection of species and cultivars for a mixed crop system as well as the choice of agricultural treatments that will secure a stable yield of mixtures; Inter- and intra- species competition of plants in a canopy; Ecological intensification approaches and opportunities for maximizing crop performance and yield in mixtures; The effects of mixed crops on crop rotations; The short- and long-term ecosystem benefits of mixtures; The effects on pests and the biodiversity of agroecosystems provided by mixtures; The economic aspects of adopting the mixtures in farms; The nutritive value of mixtures for livestock; Other topics related to the mixed cropping.
    Keywords: barley ; oats ; triticale ; yield ; leaf area index ; land equivalent ratio ; standard gross margin ; brachiaria ; cereal-livestock production ; perception ; push-pull technology ; smallholder farmers ; proximity effect ; border effect ; neighbor effect ; strip intercropping ; legume ; cereals ; Hordeum vulgare ; Lolium multiflorum ; phosphorus ; water stress ; competition indices ; plant development stages ; spring cereal mixtures ; grain yield ; protein yield ; metabolic energy yield ; differentiations of cereal mixture ; sustainable agriculture ; maize ; Zea mays L. ; biodiversity ; intercropping ; silage ; growth ; quality ; non-legume ; mixed crop ; herbivores ; pest population ; natural enemy ; cereal–legume mixture ; common vetch ; cultivar ; soil quality ; cereal-legume mixture ; organic farming ; conventional farming ; leaf greenness index ; seed yield ; yield components ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Ocean Structures subjected to actions of ocean waves require safety inspection as they protect human environment and everyday lives. Increasing uses of ocean environment have brought active research activities continuously. The newly developed technology of ocean energy even pushed the related needs forward one more step. This Special Issue focuses on Analysis of Interactions between wave structures and ocean waves. Although ocean structures may cover various practical and/or conceptual types, we hope in the years to come, the state-of-the-art applications in wave and structure interactions and/or progress review and future developments could be included. There are fifteen papers published in the Special issue. A brief description includes: Lee et al. [1] presented a concept of a water column type wave power converter. Li et al. [2] considered submerged breakwaters. Lin et al. [3] studied an ocean current turbine system. Thiagarajan and Moreno [4] investigated oscillating heave plates in wind turbines. Chiang et al. [5] proposed an actuator disk model. Tseng et al. [6] investigated Bragg reflections of periodic surface-piercing submerged breakwaters. Lee et al. [7] analyzed caisson structures with a wave power conversion system installed. Yeh et al. [8] reported motion reduction in offshore wind turbines. Wu and Hsiao [9] considered submerged slotted barriers. Tang et al. [10] studied floating platforms with fishnets. Chen et al. [11] calculated mooring drags of underwater floating structures with moorings. Jeong et al. [12] estimated the motion performance of light buoys using ecofriendly and lightweight materials. Zhang et al. [13] considered vibrations of deep-sea risers. On the other hand, Shugan et al. [14] studied the effects of plastic coating on sea surfaces.
    Keywords: deep-sea riser ; top tension ; vortex-induced vibration ; numerical simulation ; experiment ; light buoy ; motion performance in waves ; potential-based simulations ; viscous damping coefficients ; free decay tests ; computational fluid dynamics ; analytic solution ; water waves ; underwater floating structure ; mooring forces ; interaction ; floating platform ; fishnet mesh size ; frequency-domain ; time-domain ; nonlinear waves ; BEM ; solitary wave ; submerged breakwater ; slotted barrier ; PIV ; RANS model ; motion reduction control ; renewable energy ; TLD ; offshore wind turbine ; structural safety ; breakwater design ; wave energy ; wave power converting system ; caisson breakwater application ; eigenfunction matching method ; oblique wave ; Bragg reflection ; step approximation ; surface-piercing structure ; periodic bottom ; surface waves ; wave breaker ; elastic plate ; power prediction ; capacity factor ; actuator disk ; wind farm ; heave plate ; free surface effect ; floating offshore wind turbine ; hydrodynamic coefficients ; added mass ; damping coefficient ; forced oscillation in waves ; Keulegan Carpenter number ; stability ; ocean current power system ; surface type ; buoyance platform ; mooring foundation ; particle image velocimetry ; submerged obstacle ; undulating breakwater ; rectangular breakwater ; vortex energy ; offshore wind power ; template structure system ; oscillating water column ; n/a ; typhoon ; gust ; extreme wind ; aerodynamic load ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Due to the ongoing rise in sea level and increases in extreme wave climates, which consequently change the wave climate, coastal structures such as sea dikes and seawalls are exposed to severe and frequent sea storms. Even though much research related to wave–structure interactions has been carried out, it remains one of the most important and challenging topics in the field of coastal engineering. The recent publications in the Special Issue “Wave Interactions with Coastal Structures” in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering include a wide range of research, including theoretical/mathematical, experimental, and numerical work related to the interaction between sea waves and coastal structures. These publications address conventional coastal hard structures in deep water zones as well as those located in shallow water zones, such as wave overtopping over shallow foreshores with apartment buildings on dikes. The research findings presented help to improve our knowledge of hydrodynamic processes, and the new approaches and developments presented here will be good benchmarks for future work.
    Keywords: shallow waters ; wave energy ; coastal erosion ; beach restoration ; submerged breakwaters ; protected nourishments ; wave overtopping ; coastal safety ; flow velocity ; flow depth ; sea dikes ; overtopping reduction ; force reduction ; oblique waves ; storm return wall ; EurOtop manual ; validation ; wave modelling ; shallow foreshore ; dike-mounted vertical wall ; wave impact loads ; OpenFOAM ; average overtopping discharge ; individual volume ; overtopping flow depth ; overtopping flow velocity ; promenade ; vertical wall ; SWASH ; fluid–structure interaction ; waves ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics ; SPH ; Pont del Petroli ; storm Gloria ; inter-model comparison ; DualSPHysics ; wave pressure ; caisson breakwater ; stability ; RANS model ; solitary wave ; fully nonlinear wave ; three-dimensional wave ; partially submerged cylinder ; hollow circular cylinder ; tsunami ; wave ; bore ; flooding ; debris ; numerical modeling ; SPH–FEM coupling ; coastal structures ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book is a printed version of the papers published in the Special Issue “DC & Hybrid Microgrids” of Applied Sciences. This Special Issue, co-organized by the University of Pisa, Italy and Østfold University College in Norway, has collected nine papers and the editorial, from 28 submitted, with authors from Asia, North America and Europe. The published articles provide an overview of the most recent research advances in direct current (DC) and hybrid microgrids, exploiting the opportunities offered by the use of renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, power converters, innovative control and energy management strategies.
    Keywords: energy management strategy (EMS) ; distributed generator (DG) ; state of charge (SoC) ; circuit breaker (CB) ; standard test condition (STC) ; photovoltaic (PV) ; solar ; microgrid ; droop control ; patrol base ; islanded DC microgrid ; battery-only operation ; constant power load ; CPL ; floating DC bus ; stability criterion ; power management ; AC/DC distribution network ; distributed generator ; planning ; timing characteristics ; genetic-ant colony hybrid algorithm ; forest microgrid ; biomass energy ; operation mode-based sectional coordinated control ; hybrid energy storage ; predictive control ; inertia improvement ; unbalanced electric bridge ; DC insulation monitoring ; ground capacitance ; three-point climbing algorithm ; islanding detection ; DC grid ; active islanding detection method ; injected signal cancellation ; multi-distributed generations ; perturbation signal ; photovoltaic system ; direct current (DC) microgrid ; stability ; constant power loads ; large transmission line inductive ; simplified circuit model ; virtual negative inductance ; micro-grid ; hybrid micro-grid ; smart grid ; battery energy storage ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; hybrid vehicles (HEV) ; full-electric vehicles (EV) ; Bidirectional converters ; direct current (DC) grid ; hybrid microgrid ; bidirectional converters ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are currently intensified by a strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste, microplastic formation, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. To a steadily increasing extend, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are considered a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources, and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion by the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for inter alia: consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA accumulating organisms, in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring the composition of PHA on the level of the monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by minor energy and chemical requirement.
    Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoate ; PHOU ; water soluble PHA ; network ; tannic acid ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; PHB ; PAT ; Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714 ; process monitoring ; ultrasound particle manipulation ; Tepidimonas taiwanensis ; grape pomace ; thermophiles ; cheese whey ; acetic acid ; Acetobacter pasteurianus C1 ; Bacillus sp. CYR-1 ; PHA ; biodegradable plastic ; PHBHHx ; CO2 ; Cupriavidus necator ; hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium ; biopolymers ; commercialization ; copolyester ; homopolyester ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; biopolymer ; plasticizer ; ferulic acid ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; cell retention ; volatile fatty acids ; Bacillus megaterium ; polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ; polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) ; mixed microbial cultures ; activated sludge ; respiration kinetics ; Monod kinetics ; oxygen mass balance ; hysteresis ; process modelling ; sugar beet molasses ; hydrolysis ; synthesis ; properties of PHA ; cyanobacteria ; habitat conditions ; sampling ; wild types ; single species selection ; purification ; axenic cultures ; growth ; non-phototrophic CO2 assimilation ; Knallgas cultivation ; Chemolithotrophs ; ATEX compliant bioreactor ; dissolved oxygen control ; mcl-PHAs ; scl-PHAs ; polythioester ; 3-hydroxybutyrate ; bioplastic ; alpha-methylated ; rubber-like elasticity ; polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-co-HV)) ; mixed microbial culture (MMC) ; hypochlorite digestion ; subcritical water (SBW) ; autotrophs ; biopolyesters ; industrialization ; mcl-PHA ; polymer processing ; polymer recovery ; process design ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Asset pricing, investment, and trading strategies are very important in finance. They are useful in various situations, for example, supporting the decision-making process of choosing investments; determining the asset-specific required rate of return on the investment; pricing derivatives for trading or hedging; getting portfolios from fixed incomes or bonds, stocks, and other assets; evaluating diverse portfolios; determining macroeconomic variables affecting market prices; calculating option prices; and incorporating features such as mean reversion and volatility, etc. They can also be applied in financial forecast for assets, portfolios, business projects.Understanding, modeling, and using various asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies is paramount in many different areas of finance and investment, including banking, stocks, bonds, currencies, and related financial derivatives. Different asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies also allow us to compare the performances of different variables through the analysis of empirical real-world data.This Special Issue on "Asset Pricing, Investment, and Trading Strategies” will be devoted to advancements in the theoretical development of various asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies as well as to their applications.The Special Issue will encompass innovative theoretical developments, challenging and exciting practical applications, and interesting case studies in the development and analysis of various asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies in finance and cognate disciplines.
    Keywords: quantile ; correlogram ; dependence ; predictability ; market efficiency ; state ownership ; risk-taking behavior ; investment ; Vietnam ; GMM ; nonlinearity ; trading strategy ; trade-offs ; transport operations ; competitiveness ; sustainability ; growth ; ARDL ; stock exchange ; capitalization ; turnover ; value traded ; agricultural commodity future prices ; extreme value ; NON-stationary Extreme Value Analysis (NEVA) ; Newton-optimal method ; high-frequency data ; market liquidity ; sovereign bonds ; spillover ; backwardation ; economic regimes ; momentum strategy ; systematic trading ; jumps identification ; swap variance ; integrated volatility ; realized volatility ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book is a compendium of scientific articles submitted to a Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences, fostered by MDPI and curated by Dr. Annamaria Sandomenico and Dr. Menotti Ruvo from the Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of the National Research Council. All articles underwent a rigorous peer review and were selected to highlight the properties that make monoclonal antibodies and their functional fragments some of the most useful and versatile assets in therapy and diagnosis.
    Keywords: porcine deltacoronavirus ; nucleocapsid ; monoclonal antibodies ; neurodegenerative disorders ; affibody molecules ; blood–brain barrier ; receptor-mediated transcytosis ; transferrin receptor ; AL amyloidosis ; CD38 ; anti-CD38 MoAb ; Daratumumab ; Isatuximab ; myeloma ; BCMA ; bispecific T-cell engager ; antibody-drug conjugates ; chimeric antigen receptor T-cells ; belantamab mafodotin ; idecabtagene vicleucel ; JNJ-68284528 ; Mabs ; Antibody-Drug Conjugate ; cancer therapy ; drug targeting ; payload ; cross-linking ; antibody fragment ; Fab ; scFv ; E. coli ; YKL-40 ; CHI3L1 ; monoclonal antibody ; phage display ; lung metastasis ; prostate-specific membrane antigen ; in vivo imaging ; prostate cancer ; glutamate carboxypeptidase II ; NAALADase ; immunization ; antibody ; protocol ; guinea pig ; cDNA ; chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) ; universal CAR T ; modular CAR T ; universal immune receptor ; CAR adaptor ; adoptive immunotherapy ; split CAR ; bispecific ; polyspecificity ; pharmacokinetics ; solubility ; aggregation ; viscosity ; developability ; stability ; affinity ; specificity ; protein engineering ; self-association ; non-specific binding ; immunogenicity ; antibody fragments ; single chain ; amyloid ; oligomer ; neurotoxicity ; NUsc1 ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue is to celebrate 25 years of “World Wetlands Day”. There is no other ecosystem that has its very own Ramsar Convention or such a challenge impacting ecosystem sustainability. Papers for this Special Issue provide an overview of wetland status and function within different regions of the world. The papers in this Special Issue of Land consist of three review papers, ten research articles and one perspective paper. Edward Maltby’s review paper provides us with an overview of the paradigm shift of how we value and assess wetlands over time. Ballut-Dajud et al. provide us with a worldwide perspective on factors affecting wetland loss. Finally, Jan Vymazal provides us with a historical overview of the development of water quality treatment wetlands in Europe and North America. The research papers can be grouped into four groups: 1) use of remote sensing to analyze stability and dynamic factors affecting wetlands; 2) factors affecting the wetlands’ ability to store carbon; 3) assessment of wetlands effect on water quality; and 4) understanding historical use and value of wetlands, farmer’s attitudes about wetland management, and how we can value wetland ecosystem services. Finally, Bryzek et al. remind us that, as wetland researchers and managers, we should minimize damage to wetlands even through field monitoring work.
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; phosphorus ; restoration ecology ; water quality ; wetland ; wetland soil ; microbial respiration ; CO2 efflux ; Everglades ; enzyme activity ; grazing ; created wetlands ; freshwater marshes ; carbon cycling ; wetlands ecosystems ; moral norms ; self-identity ; theory of planned behavior ; sustainability ; Poyang Lake ; ecosystem service value ; lakeshore zone ; Landsat ; remote sensing ; spatial–temporal changes ; human activities ; ghost forest ; forested wetland ; aboveground biomass ; soil carbon ; carbon dating ; constructed wetlands ; macrophytes ; pollution ; wastewater ; wetlands ; colonization ; nature-culture relationship ; perceptual typology ; coastal wetlands ; tidal flat reclamation ; stability ; impact ; Jiangsu coastal area ; anthropogenic activities ; climate change ; terrestrial ecosystems ; environmental impacts ; greenhouse gases ; cleaning ; efficacy ; ethics ; researcher impacts ; wetland decontamination ; wetland management history ; Ramsar convention ; wise use ; wetland assessment methods ; wetland valuation ; wetlands paradigm shift ; ecosystem approach ; wholescapes ; sustainable development ; World Charter for wetlands ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Derivatization is one of the most widely used sample pretreatment techniques in Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Analysis. Reagent-based or reagent-less schemes offer improved detectability of target compounds, modification of the chromatographic properties and/or the stabilization of sensitive compounds until analysis. Either coupled with separation techniques or as a “stand alone” analytical procedure, derivatization offers endless possibilities in all aspects of analytical applications.
    Keywords: tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; chloranilic acid ; charge-transfer reaction ; 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay ; high-throughput pharmaceutical analysis ; biogenic amines ; Lycium barbarum L. ; HPLC ; derivatization ; amino acids ; esterification ; GC–MS ; pentafluoropropionic anhydride ; stability ; toluene ; pigment ; linseed oil ; derivatisation ; quantification ; P/S ratio ; A/P ratio ; ∑D ; GC-MS ; ureide ; BSTFA ; creatine ; creatinine ; silylation ; TMS ; validation ; low-molecular-weight thiols ; human serum albumin ; α-lipoic acid ; blood plasma ; monobromobimane ; reduction ; sodium borohydride ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; fluorescence detection ; taurine ; glutamine ; clams ; high-resolution mass spectrometry ; nerve agents ; methylation ; chemical warfare agents ; sarin ; Novichoks ; 2-naphthalenethiol ; sulforaphane ; HPLC-UV/Vis ; pharmacokinetics ; acetonitrile-related adducts ; acetylenic lipids ; double and triple bond localization ; in-source derivatization ; mass spectrometry ; acetazolamide ; carbonic anhydrase ; enhancement ; inhibition ; pentafluorobenzyl bromide ; chiral metabolomics ; rice water ; d-amino acids ; enantiomer separation ; dimethyl labeling ; homocysteine thiolactone ; homocysteine ; zone fluidics ; o-phthalaldehyde ; fluorosurfactant-modified gold nanoparticles ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The production of industrial and bioenergy crops has been the subject of scientific research for many years; however, the implementation of previously proposed solutions for commercial production is still at an early stage. It should be emphasized that when developing the production of industrial and bioenergy crops on agricultural lands, it is important to avoid land-use competition with the production of food and feed. It is well justified, for initiating the sustainable production of industrial and bioenergy crops, to promote efficient species for growing on marginal lands, which are unsuitable or less suitable for food or feed production. Another important point is that industrial and bioenergy crops should include nonfood and nonfeed crops and generate agricultural products categorized as commodities and/or raw materials for industrial goods and bioenergy. These industrial and bioenergy crops can become an important source of biomass. Of course, the concept of their cultivation for nonfood (and/or nonfeed) uses is not new but, despite considerable investment in research and development, little progress has been made with regard to the introduction of such crops and their products into the market. Therefore, the papers focus on innovations and perspectives regarding sustainable industrial and bioenergy crops production, logistic chains, biomass quality, utilization and cascade biomass use for bioeconomy, socio-economic and energy analyses, etc.
    Keywords: harvesting ; work productivity ; supply chain ; harvesting efficiency ; Salix ; genoype × site interaction ; survivability ; biometric features ; plant height ; fresh biomass yield ; dry biomass yield ; Miscanthus ; nitrogen fertilization ; rhizomes ; stem ; leaves ; consumer choices ; eucalyptus ; firewood ; Italy ; multilevel logistic regression model ; willingness to consume ; tobacco biomass ; energy yield ; higher heating value ; biogas potential ; Nicotiana tabacum ; energy crops ; planting density ; calorific value ; SRC ; hulled wheat species ; energy ; life cycle assessment ; Tenebrio molitor ; edible insects ; larval development ; feed conversion ratio ; agricultural and industrial residues ; lignocellulosic biomass ; bioconversion ; agroforestry ; biodiversity ; bioeconomy ; biomass supply ; circular economy ; organic farming ; perennial crops ; quarry ; syntropy ; vegetation restoration ; willow ; varieties ; yield ; marginal soil ; biological diversity ; marginal land ; cup plant ; perennial energy crop ; energy expenses ; biogas ; biomass yield ; willow SRC ; energy plants ; ground beetles ; Carabidae ; ecosystem services ; invertebrate biodiversity ; willow-leaf sunflower ; Jerusalem artichoke ; supercritical extraction ; water as co-solvent ; antimicrobial activity ; biocidal effect ; bioenergy crop ; groundwater ; growth ; invasive potential ; reproductive potential ; Silphium perfoliatum ; soil moisture ; water table distance ; energy biomass ; yields ; invasive behavior ; economics ; common osier ; fertilization ; dry matter yield ; soil chemical parameters ; soil bulk density ; water-stable aggregates ; soil microbial carbon ; willow browse ; soluble carbohydrates ; browsing damage ; cervids ; gas chromatography ; aboveground ; belowground part of Miscanthus × giganteus ; ash ; potassium ; calcium ; sulphur content ; uptake ; bioproduction ; CAP payments ; sustainable agriculture ; Poland ; unutilized agricultural areas (uUAA) ; abandoned areas ; land use and land-use change ; carbon sequestration ; soil properties (physical and chemical) ; polyphenols ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; perennial industrial crops ; antioxidant activity ; silvergrass ; willowleaf sunflower ; prairie cordgrass ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book compiles the cutting-edge research published in the Special Issue “Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology” (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health). The articles included in this book use strong and innovative theoretical approaches to provide evidence regarding the importance of working characteristics and resources to promote healthier and more sustainable environments in which employees can be happy and productive.
    Keywords: coronary artery disease ; mental exertion ; physical performance ; psychometric properties ; multidimensional fatigue inventory ; fatigue ; reliability and validity ; rehabilitation ; kindergarten teacher ; mindfulness ; emotional intelligence (EI) ; psychological distress ; anxiety ; depression ; emergency ; healthcare workers ; infectious disease ; insomnia ; logistic regression ; organizational justice ; SARS-CoV-2 ; sleep ; biological sex ; gender diversity ; masculinity traits ; femininity traits ; work and family demands ; work and family conflict ; Chinese culture ; systematic review ; occupational trauma ; posttraumatic stress disorder ; occupational accident ; occupational disease ; job crafting ; work engagement ; perceived work group member status diversity ; creativity ; diary study ; work ability ; gender ; age ; occupational risk ; mediation ; entrepreneurial team ; environmental dynamism ; individual innovation ; uncertainty reduction theory ; information exchange behavior ; psychological wellbeing ; proactive performance ; leader-member exchange ; team-member exchange ; job characteristics ; paradoxical leadership ; career resilience ; task performance ; self-regulation theory ; perceived green HRM ; green psychological climate ; harmonious environmental passion ; voluntary workplace green behavior ; green creativity ; employee well-being ; work stress ; latent profiles ; biomarkers ; hormones ; cortisol ; glycemia ; presenteeism ; productivity ; mental health ; technostress ; education ; dark side ; information overload ; skepticism ; inefficacy ; confirmatory factor analysis ; affective events ; sensitization-satiation effects ; job demands-resources model ; experience sampling ; growth curve modeling ; work adjustment ; remote work ; structural factors ; relational factors ; contextual factors ; COVID-19 pandemic ; COVID-19 ; PTSD ; pattern ; intrusion ; hyperarousal ; avoidance ; interpersonal conflict ; burnout ; job satisfaction ; service quality ; work-unit performance ; tourism and hospitality ; occupational health and well-being ; emotional demands ; workload ; role ambiguity ; multilevel modeling ; psychosocial workplace factors ; organizational health ; healthy leadership ; workplace health promotion ; qualitative study ; trauma ; growth ; psychological health ; workers’ wellbeing ; occupational health and safety ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: This book is a collection of research articles and review articles, which was published in the Special Issue "Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application". This book ‘‘Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application’’ discussed recent development on advanced magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites with detailed explanation of structural and physical characteristics, and further possible potential application.
    Keywords: Fe-Al ; antiphase boundaries ; magnetism ; ab initio ; stability ; disorder ; magnetic hybrid nanocomposites ; nanoparticles ; magnetic properties ; mechanical properties ; spark plasma sintering ; spinel ferrite ; nanocomposites ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; magnetic loss ; dielectric loss ; laccase ; immobilization ; thiolated chitosan ; super-magnetic nanosupports for enzyme immobilization ; ampicillin ; Direct Red 80 ; hydrogel ; Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles ; gel-based composites ; cells ; biocompatibility ; sonochemical synthesis ; polymer hydrogel ; self-healing ; magnetic gel ; actuator ; copper ferrite ; sol-gel ; aerogels ; xerogels ; magnetic hyperthermia ; arterial embolization hyperthermia ; magnetic nanoparticles ; embolic agents ; animal model ; clinical application (results) ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This addresses current advances and challenges in fisheries and aquaculture science. Exposure of larval fish to elevated temperatures during embryological development may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations, which are suggested possible impacts of global warming. Molecular markers shed new light on the ontogenetic migration of stream fishes. Fast growth rates, early age at maturity, moderate fecundity, and diverse diet explain the potential for introduced fishes to dominate fish communities in their native and introduced range. Taking videos of marine benthic habitats supports low-impact, real-time monitoring of species occurrence. Among heavily fished species, almost half had outdated demographic assessments that would benefit from the integration of data from fisheries sources and improved collaboration among fishery stakeholders and managers. The continued growth of aquaculture will depend upon developing feeds that improve the growth, oxidative status, and immune response of fed cultured organisms. New aquaculture feedstuffs might be derived from plants or microbes, and new additives would include ghrelins and dietary symbiotics. The effects of these constituents on survival, growth, gut histomorphology, immune response were assessed for cultured freshwater and marine species. The results provide suggestions for advances in aquafeeds for the species studied and for cultured fishes more generally. The scientific advances realized with the use of new tools provide the basis for addressing global challenges to fisheries, aquaculture and for ongoing scientific research.
    Keywords: Aurantiochytrium sp. ; docosahexaenoic acid ; histology ; Oreochromis niloticus ; physiology ; temperature ; underwater video ; ichthyofauna ; seagrass bed ; macroalgae soft substrate ; perireefal ; synbiotic ; acidifier ; organic salt ; humoral immune response ; antioxidant enzymes ; digestive enzymes ; disease resistance ; fishing importance ; FAO ; IUCN Red List ; RAM Legacy ; overfishing ; sustainability ; aquaculture feeds ; plant byproducts ; enzymatic pretreatment ; skeletal development ; ossification ; morphological alterations ; bullhead ; black bullhead ; ameiurus ; Ameiurus melas ; life history ; growth ; reproductive potential ; fecundity ; maturity ; sex ratio ; conservation planning ; dispersal ; genetic markers ; mating system ; parentage analysis ; visual tags ; aquaculture ; ghrelin ; gilthead sea bream ; growth hormone secretagogue ; feed intake ; metabolism ; welfare ; alternative ingredients ; gut digesta ; gut histomorphology ; gut mucosa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue that covers research on symmetric and asymmetric data that occur in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research to present engineering and economic problem solution models that deal with symmetry or asymmetry of different data types. The Special Issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, seventeen papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different solution models, mainly covering uncertain data in multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems as complex tools to balance the symmetry between goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems in engineering or management. Therefore, we invite researchers interested in the topics to read the papers provided in the book.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) ; combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) ; gray values ; temporary hospital ; location selection ; ARAS ; interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers ; e-learning courses ; MCDM ; neutrosophic sets ; quadripartitioned bipolar neutrosophic sets ; similarity measure ; decision making ; multiple-criteria decision-making ; neutrosophic ; single-valued neutrosophic sets ; TOPSIS ; Hamming distance ; Euclidean distance ; e-commerce development strategies ; Symmetry ; bibliometric analysis ; Web of Science ; co-citation ; burst detection analysis ; supply chain ; DANP-mV model ; performance analysis ; asymmetric underactuated ; rehabilitation ; robotic exoskeleton ; symmetric and asymmetric trajectory ; Bowden cable ; video processing data ; EOQ ; Wilson’s formulation ; lot size ; reordering time ; visual analogue scales (VAS) ; criteria weighting ; matrix question ; survey ; WASPAS-SVNS ; entropy ; direct rating ; rehabilitation device ; electromyogram ; symmetry ; window parameters ; feature extraction ; pattern recognition ; sensitivity analysis ; reliability ; failure probability ; quantile ; civil engineering ; limit states ; mathematical model ; uncertainty ; cost overrun ; construction project ; fuzzy sets ; earned value management (EVM) ; artificial neural networks (ANNs) ; multiple regression analysis ; road industry ; buckling ; safety ; superquantile ; subquantile ; aerial imagery ; lossy compression ; qualitative evaluation ; WASPAS ; neutrosophic set ; Analytic Hierarchy Process ; fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ; symmetric and asymmetric fuzzy numbers ; stability ; landscape ; micro factor ; macro factor ; real estate market ; Big Data analysis ; Big Data ; land price ; R and Python ; land Big Data ; symmetric data ; asymmetric data ; solution models ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on the prediction of antioxidant peptides and the improvement of the aqueous solubility, chemical stability, bioactivity, and release properties of natural antioxidants through enzymatic glycosylation and encapsulation technology. The rational design and construction of delivery systems are effective for the application of antioxidants in the industry. Special attention in this book is given to inorganic nanoparticles, biopolymer-based particulate systems, prediction in antioxidant activity of peptides, evaluation of encapsulation and delivery performance, and application in commercial products.
    Keywords: microencapsulation ; cyclodextrin ; vine shoots ; food waste ; Vitis vinifera L. ; polyphenols ; stilbenoids ; mass spectrometry ; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ; Scanning Electron Microscopy ; release kinetics ; superparamagnetism ; stationary magnetic field ; alternating magnetic fields ; magnetic nanoparticles ; quercetin ; hollow zein particle ; chitosan ; pectin ; coating ; fish protein hydrolysate ; yogurt ; physicochemical properties ; antioxidant activity ; antihypertensive activity ; glycation ; flavonoids ; onion skins ; antioxidant activities ; mangiferin ; maltogenic amylase ; glycosylation ; glucoside ; Parageobacillus galactosidasius ; Spirulina platensis ; bioactive peptides ; encapsulation ; liposomes ; chitosome ; antioxidant peptide ; amino acid residues ; hazelnut ; BIOPEP database ; DFT calculation ; ascorbic acid ; bioactivity ; stability ; delivery ; application ; selenium nanoparticles ; Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide ; antioxidant ; tamarillo extract ; yoghurts ; cubosome ; in vitro digestion ; protein ; resveratrol ; loading ; oxidability ; lemon essential oil ; nanoemulsions ; ultrasonication ; response surface methodology ; hydroxytyrosol-chitosan nanoparticles ; injectable hydrogel ; anti-inflammatory ; anti-oxidative ; osteoarthritis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: With rapid developments being made in the exploration of marine resources, coastal geohazard and offshore geotechnics have attracted a great deal of attention from coastal geotechnical engineers, with significant progress being made in recent years. Due to the complicated nature of marine environmnets, there are numerous natural marine geohazard preset throughout the world’s marine areas, e.g., the South China Sea. In addition, damage to offshore infrastructure (e.g., monopiles, bridge piers, etc.) and their supporting installations (pipelines, power transmission cables, etc.) has occurred in the last decades. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and soil behavior of the seabed in marine environments will help engineers in the design and planning processes of coastal geotechnical engineering projects. The purpose of this book is to present the recent advances made in the field of coastal geohazards and offshore geotechnics. The book will provide researchers with information reagrding the recent developments in the field, and possible future developments. The book is composed of eighteen papers, covering three main themes: (1) the mechanisms of fluid–seabed interactions and the instability associated with seabeds when they are under dynamic loading (papers 1–5); (2) evaluation of the stability of marine infrastructure, including pipelines (papers 6–8), piled foundation and bridge piers (papers 9–12), submarine tunnels (paper 13), and other supported foundations (paper 14); and (3) coastal geohazards, including submarine landslides and slope stability (papers 15–16) and other geohazard issues (papers 17–18). The editors hope that this book will functoin as a guide for researchers, scientists, and scholars, as well as practitioners of coastal and offshore engineering.
    Keywords: wave motion ; offshore deposits ; seabed response ; FEM ; pore pressure ; wave-current-seabed interaction ; RANS equations ; k-ε model ; current velocity ; seabed liquefaction ; liquefaction ; lateral displacement ; response surface method (RSM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; wave action ; silty sand ; seepage flow ; soil erosion ; pore-pressure accumulation ; three-phase soil model ; immersed tunnel ; trench ; numerical study ; porous seabed ; pumping well test ; groundwater fluctuation ; stratum deformation ; micro-confined aquifer ; wave–current–seabed interaction ; Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokesequations ; buried pipeline ; k-ε turbulence model ; oscillatory liquefaction ; wave-soil-pipeline interactions ; meshfree model ; local radial basis functions collocation method ; hydrate-bearing sediments ; damage statistical constitutive model ; multi-field coupling ; wellbore stability ; bridge scour ; identification ; ambient vibration ; field application ; natural frequency ; mode shape ; superstructure ; cable-stayed bridge ; Principal stress rotation ; dynamic loading ; wave (current)-induced soil response ; open-ended pile ; soil plug ; offshore wind turbines ; lateral cyclic loading ; model test ; discrete element simulation ; rock-socketed piles ; monopiles ; impedances ; dynamic responses ; buoyancy ; bottom-supported foundation ; field test ; numerical analysis ; giant submarine landslides ; shelf break ; South China Sea ; Himalayan orogeny ; repeated submarine landslides ; coastal-embankment slope ; stability ; unsaturated soil ; multilayered ; matric suction ; random searching algorithm ; rainfall infiltration ; scour ; soft clay ; monopile ; stress history ; hypoplastic model ; submarine pipeline ; dense seabed foundation ; seismic dynamics ; resonance of submarine pipeline ; FSSI-CAS 2D ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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