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  • Other Sources  (40)
  • Cambridge University Press  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 1985-1989  (36)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
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  • 1
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    Feeding Pattern of Sepia Officinalis (Cephalopoda: Sepiodidea) In The Ria De Vigo (Nw Spain) (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69 (03). pp. 545-553.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The importance of feeding pattern is well documented in fish (Jenkins & Green, 1977; Simenstad & Cailliet, 1986) but there are not many reported studies in cephalopods. Feeding patterns, as defined by Jenkins & Green (1977) have been studied, to our knowledge, only in Todarodes pacificus (Okiyama, 1965), Loligo pealei (Vovk, 1972), Loligo opalescens (Karpov & Cailliet, 1978), Illex illecebrosus (Amaratunga et ah, 1979; Amaratunga, 1980) and Nototodarus gouldi (O'Sullivan & Cullen, 1983). Boyle (1983) dealt with aspects of feeding in several cephalopod species but not specifically with feeding pattern. Aspects of feeding in Sepia officinalis have been reviewed by Nixon (1987). The present work describes the daily feeding pattern in Sepia officinalis from data collected in the field.
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  • 2
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    Explosive volcanism on Santorini, Greece (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 126 (02). p. 95.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Santorini volcanic field has had 12 major (1–10 km3 or more of magma), and numerous minor, explosive eruptions over the last ~ 200 ka. Deposits from these eruptions (Thera Pyroclastic Formation) are well exposed in caldera-wall successions up to 200 m thick. Each of the major eruptions began with a pumice-fall phase, and most culminated with emplacement of pyroclastic flows. Pyroclastic flows of at least six eruptions deposited proximal lag deposits exposed widely in the caldera wall. The lag deposits include coarse-grained lithic breccias (andesitic to rhyodacitic eruptions) and spatter agglomerates (andesitic eruptions only). Facies associations between lithic breccia, spatter agglomerate, and ignimbrite from the same eruption can be very complex. For some eruptions, lag deposits provide the only evidence for pyroclastic flows, because most of the ignimbrite is buried on the lower flanks of Santorini or under the sea. At least eight eruptions tapped compositionally heterogeneous magma chambers, producing deposits with a range of zoning patterns and compositional gaps. Three eruptions display a silicic–silicic + mafic–silicic zoning not previously reported. Four eruptions vented large volumes of dacitic or rhyodacitic pumice, and may account for 90% or more of all silicic magma discharged from Santorini. The Thera Pyroclastic Formation and coeval lavas record two major mafic-to-silicic cycles of Santorini volcanism. Each cycle commenced with explosive eruptions of andesite or dacite, accompanied by construction of composite shields and stratocones, and culminated in a pair of major dacitic or rhyodacitic eruptions. Sequences of scoria and ash deposits occur between most of the twelve major members and record repeated stratocone or shield construction following a large explosive eruption. Volcanism at Santorini has focussed on a deep NE–SW basement fracture, which has acted as a pathway for magma ascent. At least four major explosive eruptions began at a vent complex on this fracture. Composite volcanoes constructed north of the fracture were dissected by at least three caldera-collapse events associated with the pyroclastic eruptions. Southern Santorini consists of pryoclastic ejecta draped over a pre-volcanic island and a ridge of early- to mid-Pleistocene volcanics. The southern half of the present-day caldera basin is a long-lived, essentially non-volcanic, depression, defined by topographic highs to the south and east, but deepened by subsidence associated with the main northern caldera complex, and is probably not a separate caldera.
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  • 3
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    Sexual differences in the absolute growth pattern of the Indo-Pacific sandy shore crab Matuta lunaris (1989)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 218 (4). pp. 603-608.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
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  • 4
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    Precise single-grain 40Ar/39 Ar dating of a cold to warm climate transition in Central Europe (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 342 (6249). pp. 523-525.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: RECENT advances in 40Ar/39Ar dating1,2 have made it possible to date individual K-feldspar grains from Pleistocene tephra, a capability that greatly improves the reliability and temporal resolving power of the method. Here we apply these new techniques to the dating of a phonolite tephra from the East Eifel volcanic field in West Germany, which is sandwiched between loess and palaeosol (alfisol) deposits, and which was therefore erupted during the transition from a glacial to an interglacial period. Our age estimate for this transition is 215±4 kyr (1 σ), which has important implications for the marine δ18O timescale and for models of global climate change during the Pleistocene. The results show that single-grain dating can detect and compensate for the large quantities of xenocrystic contaminants which are found in many tephra deposits. This technique could be used to date the tephra layers found in marine sediment cores and the results could greatly enhance the reliability of the marine δ18O timescale for more rigorous Fourier analysis testing of the Milankovitch hypothesis.
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  • 5
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    Routing of meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas cold episode (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 341 (6240). pp. 318-321.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: ROOTH proposed that the Younger Dryas cold episode, which chilled the North Atlantic region from 11,000 to 10,000 yr BP, was initiated by a diversion of meltwater from the Mississippi drainage to the St Lawrence drainage system. The link between these events is postulated to be a turnoff, during the Younger Dryas cold episode, of the North Atlantic's conveyor-belt circulation system which currently supplies an enormous amount of heat to the atmosphere over the North Atlantic region2. This turnoff is attributed to a reduction in surface-water salinity, and hence also in density, of the waters in the region where North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) now forms. Here we present oxygen isotope and accelerator radiocarbon measurements on planktonic foraminifera from Orca Basin core EN32-PC4 which reveal a significant reduction in meltwater flow through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico from about 11,200 to 10,000 radiocarbon years ago. This finding is consistent with the record for Lake Agassiz which indicates that the meltwater from the southwestern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was diverted to the northern Atlantic Ocean through the St Lawrence valley during the interval from ~11,000 to 10,000 years before present (yr BP).
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  • 6
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    Surface-feeding on cephalopods by procellariiform seabirds in the southern Benguela region, South Africa (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 218 (4). pp. 549-563.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-09
    Description: Cephalopod beaks recovered from stomach samples taken from l 4 sea bird species in the southern Benguela region off Southern Africa and from one species at Sub-Antarctic Marion Island, were identified as far as possible, counted and the lower rostral lengths (LRLs) measured. Dorsal mantle lengths (DMLs) and body masses of the cephalopods eaten were estimated. The results of analyses by percentage frequency of occurrence and numerical abundance are discussed with reference to present knowledge of the distribution of cephalopods eaten by sea birds in the areas studied. Division of the cephalopod component of seabird diets into species which float, and species which sink, after death indicates that the birds forage on dead or moribund cephalopods on the surface, rather than catching live bioluminescent cephalopods at night.
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  • 7
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    Initial stages of food ingestion by Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1988)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 214 (2). pp. 189-197.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The cuttlefish ingests much skeleton from the crustaceans and fish it preys upon. The skeletal pieces are relatively large and their dimensions bear a close relationship to the length of the buccal mass and diameter of the oesophagus. The structures of the buccal mass are instrumental in the breakdown of prey and orientation of long pieces of skeleton to ensure their entry into the oesophagus. Many pieces of skeletal material present in the stomach contents still have attached muscles, showing that there is little, or no, external digestion. Skeletal material may be important for long-term maintenance of young Sepia in captivity.
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  • 8
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    Growth and survival strategies of diatoms (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Growth and reproductive strategies of freshwater phytoplankton. , ed. by Sandgren, C. D. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 227-260. ISBN 0-521-32722-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-02
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    New evidence from the South China Sea for an abrupt termination of the last glacial period (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6169). pp. 156-158.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic and the Antarctic at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 10
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    New evidence from the South China Sea for an abrupt termination of the last glacial period (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6169). pp. 156-158.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic1 and the Antarctic2,3 at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 11
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    Size change in the phylogeny of Foraminifera (1988)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Lethaia, 21 (4). pp. 375-382.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-15
    Description: In the animal kingdom evolutionary size changes involved increasing, decreasing and stationary patterns. Planktic and benthic Foraminifera chiefly increased their size during evolution. This increase, however, did not always occur gradually, but could be interrupted by periods when the animals maintained or even decreased in size. The rate of the size increase is different for the various species examined, some benthic forms grew only 10% during the Oligocene-Pleistocene interval, while for others this figure was up to 96%. Some benthic species increased in size in certain areas, but not in others. It is not improbable that some phylogenetic trends of planktic Foraminifera representing, according to stratigraphers, the evolution of one species into another, represent in reality, from the biological point of view, specimens of the same species which changed their size and in addition some minor morphological traits which are encompassed by the normal span of intraspecific variability. A comprehensive understanding and explanation of the size change of Foraminifera needs much additional research.
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  • 12
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    Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 335 (6192). pp. 714-717.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-24
    Description: Perhaps the most significant event in the Cretaceous record of the carbon isotope composition of carbonate1,2, other than the 1–2.5 ‰ negative shift in the carbon isotope composition of calcareous plankton at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary3, is the rapid global positive excursion of ~2 ‰ (13C enrichment) which took place between ~91.5 Myr and 90.3 Myr (late Cenomanian to earliest Turonian (C/T boundary event))1,4,5. This excursion has been attributed to a change in the isotope composition of the marine total dissolved carbon (TDC) reservoir resulting from an increase in rate of burial of 13C-depleted organic carbon, which coincided with a major global rise in sea level5 during the so-called C/T oceanic anoxic event (OAE)6. Here we present new data, from nine localities, which demonstrate that a positive excursion in the carbon isotope composition of organic carbon at or near the C/T boundary7,8 is nearly synchronous with that for carbonate and is widespread throughout the Tethys and Atlantic basins (Fig. 1), as well as in more high-latitude epicontinental seas. The postulated increase in the rate of burial of organic carbon may have had a significant effect on CO2 and O2 concentrations in the oceans and atmosphere, and consequent effects on global climate and sedimentary facies.
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  • 13
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    Gold and native copper in supergene sulfides from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 64-66.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
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  • 14
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    Effects of microbe activity (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 17-18.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
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  • 15
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    Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge University Press, vol. 283, no. 2, pp. 15-17, (ISBN: 3-7643-7044-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Handbook of mathematics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole breakouts ; circular ; angular ; directional ; Staatsbibl. ; B: ; 779785
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Satellite measurements of sea surface cooling during hurricane Gloria (1987)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 326 (6111). pp. 373-375.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Hurricanes and other strong storms can cause important decreases in sea surface temperature by means of vertical mixing within the upper ocean, and by air–sea heat exchange. Here we use satellite-derived infrared images of the western North Atlantic to study sea surface cooling caused by hurricane Gloria (1985). Significant regional variations in sea surface cooling are well correlated with hydrographic conditions. The greatest cooling (up to 5°C) occurred in slope waters north of the Gulf Stream where the seasonal thermocline is shallowest and most compressed; moderate cooling (up to 3 °C) occurred in the open Sargasso Sea where the thermocline is deeper and more diffused; little or no cooling occurred in shallow coastal waters (bottom depth less than 20 m) which were isothermal before the passage of hurricane Gloria. There is a pronounced right-side asymmetry of sea surface cooling with stronger (by a factor of 4) and more extensive (by a factor of 3) cooling found on the right side of the hurricane track. These qualitative results are consistent with the notion that vertical mixing within the upper ocean is the dominant sea surface cooling mechanism of hurricanes.
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  • 17
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    News from a deepening hole (1987)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 325 (6104). pp. 484-485.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
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  • 18
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    Benthic metabolism and standing stock in the central northern Red Sea (1987)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Marine Ecology, 8 . pp. 1-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: Benthic metabolism and standing stocks were investigated in the deep Red Sea between 21o and 27oN, Activity was assessed by the determination of respiration rates with a shipboard method and by calculating oxygen consumption from the activity in the electron transport system. We attempted to compare results from different latitudes within the warm Red Sea and with data from cold Atlantic environments. Our investigations were part of an environmental risk assessment to evaluate future mining of metalliferous sediments from the Atlantis II Deep.
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  • 19
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    Seasonal variation in the diet of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at sub-Antarctic Marion Island (1987)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 212 (2). pp. 303-324.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The diet of the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus at Marion Island was examined throughout the year by analysis of stomach samples. Fish accounted for 87% by wet mass, 75% by numbers and 69% by reconstituted mass. Their proportional importance by wet mass increased from 68% during winter to almost 100% in summer and probably reflects a real increase in their local availability. Squid comprised most of the remainder with crustaceans forming less than 1% of the diet by numbers. Prey items were generally small, the most abundant being three species of myctophid fish, Krefftichthys anderssoni, Protomyctophum tenisonì and Electrona carlsbergi, and a squid Kondakovia longimana. King penguins took both juvenile and adult Krefftichthys anderssoni and P. tenisoni, but only adult E. carlshergi. The juvenile and adult modal size classes of K. anderssoni and P. tenisoni increased from March through to February and the proportion of juvenile to adult fish increased in winter. The increase in the modal size class of the K. anderssoni/P. tenisoni complex during the year probably reflects growth of the fish, rather than movement of different populations in and out of the area exploited by king penguins. All squid consumed were probably juveniles. The modal size class of Kondakovia longimana increased from March to August, but in September to October smaller squid again formed a large proportion of the squid component of the diet. Numbers of measurable squid beaks recovered from November to February were low. This is the first time that mesopelagic myctophid fish have been shown to comprise a major component of the diet of a vertebrate predator in the Southern Ocean.
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  • 20
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    Unpleasant surprises in the greenhouse? (1987)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 328 (6126). pp. 123-126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: There is now clear evidence that changes in the Earth's climate may be sudden rather than gradual. It is time to put research into the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on a better footing.
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  • 21
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    Growth of the spinose planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa in laboratory culture and the effect of temperature on life processes (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 67 (02). pp. 343-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Orbulina universa d'Orbigny is a spinose planktonic foraminifer which occurs throughout surface waters of the tropical, subtropical and transition zones of the world ocean (Bé & Tolderlund, 1971). This species is unique among planktonic Foraminifera in that its life cycle is composed of two growth stages. The juvenile stage is a trochospiral form which is enclosed within a terminal spherical chamber in the adult stage. O. universa is relatively omnivorous, and consumes a variety of prey that range in size and quality from phytoplankton to copepods (Bé et al. 1977; Anderson et al. 1979; Spindler et al. 1984). In addition, each individual harbors several thousand zooxanthellae which presumably are an additional source of nutrition for the foraminifer (Be et al. 1977; Hemleben & Spindler, 1983; Spero & Parker, 1985).
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  • 22
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    Blidingia ramifera stat. nov. (Chlorophyta): a new marine alga for eastern North America (1987)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Nordic Journal of Botany, 7 (3). pp. 359-363.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-02
    Description: Blidingia minima var. ramifera is reported for the first time in eastern North America. It occurs in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia and in Maine. In the estuary of the West and Rights Rivers (Antigonish Harbour, Nova Scotia) it is the most common intertidal alga and during its maximum growth period (June‐August) covers 75–90% of the intertidal zone for several km of shoreline at the mouth of the Rights River. In culture, spore germination and early development were typical of the taxon as described from Europe. The taxon is raised to specific status as Blidingia ramifera stat. nov. Blidingia subsalsa is confirmed from New England based on observations of spore germination in plants from Maine and Connecticut.
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  • 23
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    Numerical Recipes - The Art of Scientific Computing (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 1-58488-323-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Inversion ; Handbook of mathematics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    A Descriptive Ecology of Eledone Cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in Scottish Waters (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 855-865.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A survey of the ecology of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa in Scottish waters is compiled from structured interviews with fishermen, records of occurrence in traps (for lobster and crab), and a research vessel survey. This species is widespread and common throughout the inshore waters covered by fishing activity (shoreline- 140 m) on bottom types ranging through rock, stones, sand and mud. It is caught in all months of the year but is especially common inshore in the summer (July-September) and further offshore on trawling grounds in October-December. The octopus is a normal and regular predator of large Crustacea (Hotnarus, Nephrops, Cancer) caught in commercial traps but gut contents yield little identifiable dietary remains.
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  • 25
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    Crustacea in the diet of Eledone cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) determined by serological methods (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 867-879.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Serological methods for prey identification have been applied to the gut contents of a field sample of 100 Eledone cirrhosa from the Moray Firth and 7 from the Sound of Jura. Protein extracts from the crop were electrophoresed (Laurell rockets) into antisera raised against potential crustacean prey species, Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Liocarcinus spp. and Nephrops norvegicus. The strengths of the resulting reactions were evaluated on the basis of peak height, staining density and the number of homocentric peaks of immune precipitates. Sixty-two of the 100 Moray Firth animals gave a positive reaction to one or more of the antisera and the most critical assessment of the results ranked the incidence of the prey as Liocarcinus (15) 〉 Nephrops (10) 〉 Cancer (8) 〉 Crangon (2) 〉 Carcinus (0), a total of 35 reactions from 28 animals. Absence of a reaction in the 38 animals from which appreciable sample volumes were also obtained indicates that alternative prey had been consumed. Of the 7 Sound of Jura animals, 4 gave a positive reaction to Nephrops alone. A total of only 24 animals gave any indication of diet by visual recognition of remains. The value and difficulties of the methodology are discussed.
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  • 26
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    Palaeoceanography: Biomarkers for ancient climates (1986)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 320 (6058). pp. 107-108.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
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  • 27
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    A Lagrangian mixed layer model of Atlantic 18 C water formation (1986)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 319 . pp. 574-576.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: One of the most striking features of the upper North Atlantic Ocean is an extensive layer of water with temperature close to 18°C and salinity close to 36.5‰, (ref. 1). This 18°C water is formed by winter convection in the Sargasso sea2,3, but aspects of the annual rate of 18°C water formation remain obscure4. We have simulated this water mass formation by integrating a one-dimensional model along a 4-yr trajectory of a water column circulating around the Sargasso Sea. Winter convection is deep (≥200 m) in regions where the ocean suffers a net annual heat loss to the atmosphere, and shallow (≤lOOm) where the ocean gains heat each year. The origin of the thermostad (nearly isothermal layer) is a thick layer of nearly homogeneous water subducted beneath the seasonal boundary layer in the year that the water column passes through the line dividing annual cooling from annual heating. We estimate the annual production of 18°C water to be 446,000 km3 yr−1. Downstream, more stratified central water is formed each year at a rate that depends more on Ekman pumping (wind-forced convergence) than on the decreasing depth of winter convection
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  • 28
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    Influence of an electric light on the capture of deep-sea fish in Biscay (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 483-496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Recently the influence of an electric light on the capture of the main groups of deep sea animals by a midwater trawl was described and discussed (Clarke & Pascoe, 1985). With regard to fish it was shown that at depths close to 800 m the total number, the total volume, the volume of the ten largest and the volume of the single largest fish all increased significantly when an electric light was used on the headline of the trawl when compared with controls with the light off. These experiments were carried out both in the Bay of Biscay and off Madeira.
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  • 29
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    Methods for the validation of squid age from statoliths (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 505-526.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Growth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis of Loligo opalescens Berry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings in Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurley et al. 1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Dawe et al. 1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).
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  • 30
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    Influence of 70 Watt Electric Lights on the Capture of Fish By Otter Trawl Off Plymouth (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (03). p. 711.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The effect of two 70 W underwater electric lamps on the catch rate of a commercial bottom otter trawl was determined by comparative trials both at night and in daylight. It was found that, although the overall numbers and weights of fish caught did not differ, most of the species which were caught in large enough numbers for a judgement to be made showed a reaction to light. Three species, Trachurus trachurus, Merlangius merlangus and Trisopterus minutus were attracted and four species, Eutriglagurnardus, Micromesistius poutassou, Merluccius merluccius and Limanda limanda were scared off by light. The possible use of lights to further the development of selective commercial bottom trawling by attracting or scaring particular species is discussed.
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  • 31
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    The interdial macrofauna of Nigg bay (1986)
    Royal Society of Edinburgh | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 91B . pp. 113-141.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-04
    Description: Surveys of the interdial macrofauna and sediment characters of Nigg Bay, Moray Firth, were carried out between 1981 and 1985. Permanent stations were located at the intersections of a half-kilometre grid covering the entire interdial area and sampled for infauna using replicate cores. Estimates were also made of mussel and lugworm densities from quadrats and cast counts respectively. The biomass of selected species that constitute important resources for higher tropic levels were also estimated. The sediment for each station was analysed for median particle diameter and slit content. The infaunal data were analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis. This indicated that tida height was the most important factor governing the distribution and abundance of the interdial communities. Sediment characters were only poorly related to distribution patterns. The bay has a rich fauna and is biologically similar to other outer bays of the Moray Firth, which, like Nigg, are important areas for wildfowl and waders. Comparison of survey data from different years indicate that there are natural cycles in some sediment and biological characters of Nigg Bay.
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  • 32
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    An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 4th Edition, 470 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 106, pp. 503, (ISBN 0-415-24328-9 (hb), 0-203-47128-8 (pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology
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  • 33
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    Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon (1985)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 315 (6016). pp. 216-218.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Marine organic carbon is heavier isotopically (13C enriched) than most land-plant or terrestrial organic C1. Accordingly, δ 13C values of organic C in modern marine sediments are routinely interpreted in terms of the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial sources of the preserved organic matter2,3. When independent geochemical techniques are used to evaluate the source of organic matter in Cretaceous or older rocks, those rocks containing mostly marine organic C are found typically to have lighter (more-negative) δ 13C values than rocks containing mostly terrestrial organic C. Here we conclude that marine photosynthesis in mid-Cretaceous and earlier oceans generally resulted in a greater fractionation of C isotopes and produced organic C having lighter δ 13C values. Modern marine photosynthesis may be occurring under unusual geological conditions (higher oceanic primary production rates, lower P CO2) that limit dissolved CO2 availability and minimize carbon isotope fractionation4.
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  • 34
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    Does the ocean–atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? (1985)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 315 (6014). pp. 21-26.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: The climate record obtained from two long Greenland ice cores reveals several brief climate oscillations during glacial time. The most recent of these oscillations, also found in continental pollen records, has greatest impact in the area under the meteorological influence of the northern Atlantic, but none in the United States. This suggests that these oscillations are caused by fluctuations in the formation rate of deep water in the northern Atlantic. As the present production of deep water in this area is driven by an excess of evaporation over precipitation and continental runoff, atmospheric water transport may be an important element in climate change. Changes in the production rate of deep water in this sector of the ocean may push the climate system from one quasi-stable mode of operation to another.
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  • 35
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    Calorific Values and Elemental Analysis of Eleven Species of Oceanic Squids (Mollusca:Cephalopoda) (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 65 (04). p. 983.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Cephalopods may be divided into five types according to their buoyancy. Members of several families such as the Octopodidae, Loliginidae and Ommastrephidae are negatively buoyant and must swim to stay in midwater and are therefore highly muscular animals. Others have mechanisms to make them neutrally buoyant so they can remain suspended in midwater without effort. Nautilus, Spirula and cuttlefishes have low pressure gas-filled chambers and their flesh is muscular and non-buoyant (Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1973). Squids of one family, the Gonatidae, have a low density oil in their livers to give buoyancy but most of their body is muscular. Some oceanic octopods have very watery tissues in which lighter chloride ions replace sulphate ions (Denton & Shaw, 1961). In 12 of the 26 teuthoid families the buoyancy is provided by low-density ammonia-rich solution in their body and head tissues or in an expanded coelomic cavity (Clarke, Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1979). These ammoniacal squids are extremely abundant in the oceans of the world and form a large part of the diet of birds, cetaceans, seals and fish (Clarke, 1977). When their biomass is estimated from their utilization by predators it is important to know their properties as food and, in particular, their calorific values. As pointed out by Croxall & Prince in a review of the calorific values of cephalopods (1982), all the known values are of muscular, negatively buoyant species because they are of value as food for humans but no measurements have been made on the ammoniacal or oily species which are probably as important, or even more important, in the economy of the ocean (Clarke, 1983).
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  • 36
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    The rates of dissolution of olivine, plagioclase, and quartz in a basalt melt (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-19
    Description: The dissolution rates of spheres of two magnesian olivines, two plagioclases, and quartz in tholeiitic basalt have been determined at three super-liquidus temperatures and one-atmosphere pressure. There are considerable differences in the rates among the minerals, e.g. at 1210°, 12° above the liquidus temperature of the basalt, labradorite dissolves at 86 µm/h. and the magnesian olivines at 9 and 14 µm/h. The rates are not time dependent and this, coupled with the existence of concentration gradients in the composition of quenched melt adjacent to partially dissolved crystals, indicates that the dissolution rates are dictated by a combination of diffusion and convection of components to and from the crystal-liquid interface. Values for the activation enthalpy of dissolution are small for quartz and plagioclase (40–50 kcal mol−1) but large for olivine 73–118 kcal mol−1). Dissolution of plagioclase in rock melts seems to be a much more rapid process than crystal growth, whereas olivines apparently dissolve and grow at similar rates. Crystal dissolution is sufficiently slow that ascending, crystal-bearing magma may become superheated and yet fail to dissolve the crystal fraction before quenching; this may be the reason that olivine phenocrysts are often rounded.
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  • 37
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    The motion of a spherical liquid drop at high Reynolds number (1968)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 32 (2). pp. 367-391.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: The steady motion of a liquid drop in another liquid of comparable density and viscosity is studied theoretically. Both inside and outside the drop, the Reynolds number is taken to be large enough for boundary-layer theory to hold, but small enough for surface tension to keep the drop nearly spherical. Surface-active impurities are assumed absent. We investigate the boundary layers associated with the inviscid first approximation to the flow, which is shown to be Hill's spherical vortex inside, and potential flow outside. The boundary layers are shown to perturb the velocity field only slightly at high Reynolds numbers, and to obey linear equations which are used to find first and second approximations to the drag coefficient and the rate of internal circulation.
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  • 38
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    Manganese Nodules, Topography and Thickness of Quaternary Sediments in the Central Pacific (1966)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 212 (5066). pp. 983-985.
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
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  • 39
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    Ecology of marsh foraminifera in Poponesset Bay, Massachusetts (1959)
    SEPM | Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-17
    Description: Distributions of the species of Foraminifera (living and dead) forming the greater part of the foraminiferal faunas in marshes in Poponesset Bay, Massa- chusetts, have been studied. Eight stations were sampled bimonthly for one year (August, 1956 to September, 1957). The marsh environments vary from almost non-marine (with tidal influence) to near marine. Arenoparrella mexicana, Haplo- phragmoides hancocki, Tiphotrocha comprimata, and Trochammina macrescens de- crease with increasingly marine conditions, whereas Jadammina polystoma and Trochammina inflata increase. Other species such as Ammobaculites dilatatus, Am- motium salsum, Miliammina fusca, and Protelphidium tisburyense fluctuate inde- pendently of the degree of brackish or marine conditions. Unknown factors govern- ing micro- and macroenvironments probably play an important part in controlling distributions. Suggested factors are type of vegetation, chemical factors, pH, nutrients and food. Calcareous specimens are rapidly destroyed after death pre- sumably due either to the ability of the living form to resist acidity or to a postu- lated increase in acidity immediately below the sediment surface, more probably the latter. This destruction of the tests is of importance in the interpretation of ancient marsh environments. Many species, including the calcareous ones, had their largest living populations in June or September and their smallest in December or February. There were some exceptions such as Miliammina fusca which showed an increase in winter. The total living populations were greatest in June and lowest in December, which may be related to maximum temperature and time of greatest reduction in temperature respectively. Multiple sampling showed that distribu- tions at any one station were fairly uniform although nearby samples in different microenvironments in some cases vary considerably.
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  • 40
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    Vitamin A and carotenoids in certain invertebrates: V. Mollusca: Cephalopoda (1956)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 35 (01). p. 63.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-10
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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