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  • Articles  (5)
  • simulation  (5)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cell Press
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1980-1984
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (5)
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  • Articles  (5)
Publisher
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cell Press
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 3 (1989), S. 71-84 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Hydraulics ; quasilinearization ; simulation ; stochastic ; estuarine system ; Monte Carlo methods ; random differential equations ; parameter uncertainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new methodology is presented for the solution of the stochastic hydraulic equations characterizing steady, one-dimensional estuarine flow. The methodology is predicated on quasi-linearization, perturbation methods, and the finite difference approximation of the stochastic differential operators. Assuming Manning's roughness coefficient is the principal source of uncertainty in the model, stochastic equations are presented for the water depths and flow rates in the estuarine system. Moment equations are developed for the mean and variance of the water depths. The moment equations are compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation experiments. The results confirm that for any spatial location in the estuary that (1) as the uncertainty in the channel roughness increases, the uncertainty in mean depth increases, and (2) the predicted mean depth will decrease with increasing uncertainty in Manning'sn. The quasi-analytical approach requires significantly less computer time than Monte Carlo simulations and provides explicit
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fire technology 25 (1989), S. 291-307 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: evacuation management ; model-based support systems ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A simulation method is presented which enables a modeler to identify dangerous bottlenecks for emergency building evacuation and to test the sensitivity of occupant exit behavior to evacuation improvement strategies. The modeling method is tested against landmark evacuation data of Pauls and Jones, and used to predict problems and solutions for a complex evacuation situation involving a large university building with multiple exit choices. Some concluding remarks are addressed to a future research agenda for this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 2 (1988), S. 281-294 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: precipitation field ; stochastic time-space evolution ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The time-space evolution of an extratropical cyclonic precipitation field over U S A is simulated in a stochastic setting as outlined in Kavvas et al. (1988). The birth of a cyclonic storm is characterized by the simultaneous birth of a cyclone center and births of subsynoptic precipitation areas (SPA) at preferred locations around the cyclone center. The precipitation cores and cells which are used as the fundamental building blocks of the SPAs are approximated by circular precipitation areas (CPA) of different sizes. The time space evolution of the precipitation field after the birth is governed by (1) the movement of the synoptic cyclone described by the cyclone center trajectory, (2) independent nonidentically distributed random velocities of the individual CPAs relative to the cyclone center, (3) the births of new CPAs in time and space relative to the cyclone center, (4) the independent evolution in time of the individual spatially uniform intensities of the existing CPAs, (5) the expansion and shrinkage of the existing CPAs in the course of movement and (6) the dissipation (death) of a random number of existing CPAs within the cyclonic system. The computer simulation, the results of which are presented in this paper, successfully reproduced the general mesoscale and synoptic scale features of the radar detected cyclonic rain fields as observed by Austin and Houze (1972), Houze et al. (1976), Hobbs (1978), Hobbs and Locatelli (1978), Houze (1981), Houze and Hobbs (1982) and others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Cyclonic precipitation ; mathematical modeling ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic description is developed for extratropical cyclonic precipitation fields at synoptic and meso scales as they are typically observed by radars over the Earth. This description attempts to account I) for the synoptic scale behavior of a cyclonic storm (its birth, its synoptic scale motion trajectory, and its dissipation) II) for the synoptic-scale organizational structure of subsynoptic precipitation areas (rainbands, precipitation cores and raincells) within a cyclonic storm; and III) for the behavior of subsynoptic precipitation areas, in terms of their births, their spatial configuration evolutions, their motions, and their deaths (dissipation). The precipitation cores and the raincells are taken as the building blocks of the subsynoptic precipitation, areas within a cyclonic rainfield.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water resources management 1 (1987), S. 293-303 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Soil water regime ; modelling ; simulation ; evapotranspiration ; drainage ; soil water resources ; irrigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Four soil water balance simulation models corresponding to specific soil-crop relations were developed for application to irrigation planning and management. The forms of the models were inferred from 18 months of weekly and bi-weekly soil water data and daily meteorological data. Soil water change is computed by budgeting of the water inputs and outputs, namely precipitation, evapotranspiration, drainage, and runoff. Actual evapotranspiration was found to be dependent on both potential evapotranspiration and soil water content. Empirical drainage functions were developed, but semi-empirical ones inferred from theoretical knowledge of soil hydraulic properties performed at least as well. Runoff functions were required to explain only exceptional conditions of very heavy rainfall. A quantitative assessment of each model's prediction accuracy was performed. The uncertainty that can be expected for any predicted value with a cumulative probability of 0.95 is in all cases within an interval of 1% of the soil water content in average conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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