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  • Eddies
  • Turbulence
  • Springer  (21)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Nature P. G.
  • 1990-1994  (14)
  • 1980-1984  (7)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (21)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Nature P. G.
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (19)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 29 (1994), S. 453-464 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Vortices ; Turbulence ; Intermittency ; Vortex dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario La struttura di regioni ad intensa vorticità in campi di flusso turbolento omogenei, isotropi ed in equilibrio, simulati numericamente, viene studiata per quattro differenti numeri di Reynolds nell'intervalloRe λ=35÷170, e si trova che tali regioni si organizzano in vortici coerenti, cilindrici o a forma di nastro (‘vermi’). Con rifermento ai numeri di Reynolds studiati, si vede che tali vortici sono responsabili per gran parte delle code estreme ed intermittenti, osservate nelle statistiche dei gradienti di velocità, ma la loro importanza sembra decrescere a più altiRe λ. I loro raggi scalano con la microscala di Kolmogorov e le loro lunghezze con la scala integrale del flusso, mentre la loro circolazione cresce monotonicamente conRe λ. Per quest'ultimo riscalamento viene offerta una spiegazione basata sull'assunzione della presenza di onde inerziali assiali lungo i loro nuclei, eccitate da una deformazione di fondo casuale dell'ordine della radice quadrata della velocità media. Questa spiegazione è consistente con la presenza di incrementi paragonabili di allungamenti e compressioni lungo i nuclei dei vortici.
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the intense vorticity regions is studied in numerically simulated homogeneous, isotropic, equilibrium turbulent flow fields at four different Reynolds numbers, in the rangeRe λ=35–170, and is found to be organized in coherent, cylindrical or ribbon-like, vortices (‘worms’). At the Reynolds numbers studied, they are responsible for much of the extreme intermittent tails observed in the statistics of the velocity gradients, but their importance seems to decrease at higherRe λ. Their radii scale with the Kolmogorov microscale and their lengths with the integral scale of the flow, while their circulation increases monotonically withRe λ. An explanation is offered for this latter scaling, based in the assumed presence of axial inertial waves along their cores, excited by a random background strain of the order of the root mean square vorticity. This explanation is consistent with the presence of comparable amounts of stretching and compression along the vortex cores.
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  • 2
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    Astrophysics and space science 216 (1994), S. 55-65 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Stars: Hot, Wolf-Rayet ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The quantification of stochastic substructures seen propagating away from the centers of emission lines of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars is extended using the powerful, objective technique of wavelet analysis. Results for the substructures in one WR star so far show that the scaling laws between (a) flux and velocity dispersion and (b) lifetime and flux, combined with (c) their mass spectrum, strongly support the hypothesis that we are seeing the high mass tail-end distribution of full-scale supersonic compressible turbulence in the winds. This turbulence sets in beyond a critical radius from the star and shows remarkable similarity to the hierarchy of cloudlets seen in giant molecular clouds and other components of the ISM. The velocity dispersion is larger on average for substructures (interpreted as density enhanced turbulent eddies) propagating towards or away from the observer, suggesting that the turbulence is anisotropic. This is not surprising, since the most likely force which drives the windand the ensuing turbulence alike, radiation pressure, is directed outwards in all directions from the star. It is likely that a similar kind of turbulence prevails in the winds of all hot stars, of which those of WR stars are the most extreme. The consequences of clumping in winds are numerous. One of the most important is the necessary reduction in the estimate of the mass-loss rates compared to smooth outflow models.
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  • 3
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    Astrophysics and space science 221 (1994), S. 371-382 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Wavelets ; Stars: Hot, Wolf-Rayet ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A wavelet analysis technique is developed and used to study variable spectral features on top of broad emission lines in Wolf-Rayet stars. A decomposition of the signal in discrete structures allows one to look for scaling laws. Results from the study of two Wolf-Rayet stars suggest we are seeing the upper tail-end of a scaled distribution. This provides a test for turbulence models, and sets new constraints on theoretical wind models.
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  • 4
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 15 (1994), S. 1047-1053 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: Turbulence ; LES (large eddy simulation) ; turbulence model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the database obtained from LES is used to examine the algebraic turbulence model in Demuren and Rodi’s work. The results show that the prediction of normal Reynolds stresses and turbulence energy by means of turbulence modeling is better than that of shear Reynolds stresses. The comparison shows the LES method can be used to examine turbulence modelling.
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  • 5
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    Journal of scientific computing 9 (1994), S. 369-403 
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Keywords: Turbulence ; transport model ; Reynolds stress ; realizability ; second-order closure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The realizability of Reynolds stress models in homogeneous turbulence is critically assessed from a theoretical standpoint. It is proven that a well known second-order closure model formulated using the strong realizability constraints of Schumann (1977) and Lumley (1978) is, in fact, not a realizable model. The problem arises from the failure to properly satisfy the necessary positive second time derivative constraint when a principal Reynolds stress vanishes-a flaw that becomes apparent when the nonanalytic terms in the model are made single-valued as required on physical grounds. More importantly, arguments are advanced which suggest that it is impossible to identically satisfy the strong from of realizability in any version of the present generation of second-order closures. On the other hand, models properly formulated to satisfy the weak form of realizability—wherein states of one or two component turbulence are made inaccessible in finite time via the imposition of a positive first derivative condition—are found to be realizable. However, unlike the simpler and more commonly used second-order closures, these models can be ill-behaved near the extreme limits of realizable turbulence due to the way that higher-degree nonlinearities are often unnecessarily introduced to satisfy realizability. Illustrative computations of homogeneous shear flow are presented to demonstrate these points which can have important implications for turbulence modeling.
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  • 6
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    Space science reviews 68 (1994), S. 63-74 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Solar Wind ; MHD ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility to perform in-situ measurements of velocity, magnetic field, density and temperature fluctuations in the Solar Wind has greatly improved our knoweledge of MHD turbulence not only from the point of view of space physics but also from the more general point of view of plasma physics. These fluctuations on the one hand extend over a wide range of frequencies (about 5 decades), a fact which seems to be the signature of turbulent non-linear energy cascade, on the other hand display, mainly in the trailing edge of high speed streams, a number of striking features: (i) a high degree of correlation between magnetic and velocity field fluctuations, (ii) a very low level of fluctuations in mass density and magnetic field intensity, (iii) a considerable anisotropy revealed by minimum variance analysis of the magnetic field correlation tensor. More recently it has been stressed that MHD turbulence in the Solar Wind displays a clear intermittent character. The picture which emerges from the most recent analytical theories and numerical simulations is presented. In particular the observations which give us informations about the dissipation mechanism, which remains yet largely unknown, are discussed.
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  • 7
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    The visual computer 9 (1993), S. 200-212 
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Gaseous animation ; Turbulence ; Spectral synthesis ; Natural phenomena simulation ; Texture generation ; Time-varying texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new spectral synthesis method, motivated by the spectral turbulence theory, for visual modeling and the realistic and computer-effective animation of turbulent gaseous motion in 2-D and 3-D, which avoids the computational costs of direct simulation. Animation of gases is achieved through a phase shift in the frequency domain according to Kolmogorov's exponential law. The parameters of the turbulence model are intuitive, enabling animaters and designers to become familiar with them quickly. Owing to the method's computational effectiveness, an interactive, (quasi-)real-time, parallelized version, which provides the fast feedack needed to easily adjust the model's parameters, could be implemented.
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  • 8
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    Flow, turbulence and combustion 51 (1993), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1573-1987
    Keywords: PTV ; PIV ; Lagrangian Measurements ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) is one of the evolving techniques which can cover the increasing need for measurements in a Lagrangian frame. Here some recent developments and the validation of the tracking scheme on the Kinematic Simulation Inertial Model (KSIM) test flow field is presented.
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  • 9
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    Journal of statistical physics 67 (1992), S. 203-228 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Turbulence ; biorthogonal decomposition ; self-similarity ; fractals ; multifractals ; wavelets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The scaling invariance of the Navier-Stokes equations in the limit of infinite Reynolds number is used to derive laws for the inertial range of the turbulence spectrum. Whether the flow is homogeneous or not, the spectrum is chosen to be that given by a well-chosen biorthogonal decomposition. If the flow is hoogeneous, this spectrum coincides with the classical Fourier (energy) spectrum which exhibits Kolmogorov's k−5/3 power law if the scaling exponent is assumed to be 1/3. In the more general case where the homogeneity assumption is relaxed, the spectrum is discrete and decays exponentially fast under the assumption that the flow is invariant (in a deterministic or statistical sense) under only one subgroup of the scaling coefficientλ of one scaling group of the equations (corresponding to one value of the scaling exponent). If the flow is invariant under two subgroups of scaling coefficientsλ andλ′, the spectrum becomes maximal, equal toR +. Finally, when a full symmetry, namely an invariance under a whole group, is assumed and the spectrum becomes continuous, the decaying law for the spectral density is derived and found to be independent of the specific value ofh These ideas are then applied to locally self-similar flows with multiple dilation centers (localized in space and time) and multiple scaling exponents, extending the concept of multifractals to space and time.
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  • 10
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    Journal of statistical physics 68 (1992), S. 379-400 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Lattice gas ; lattice Boltzmann ; three-dimensional flows ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The recent development of the lattice gas method and its extension to the lattice Boltzmann method have provided new computational schemes for fluid dynamics. Both methods are fully paralleled and can easily model many different physical problems, including flows with complicated boundary conditions. In this paper, basic principles of a lattice Boltzmann computational method are described and applied to several three-dimensional benchmark problems. In most previous lattice gas and lattice Boltzmann methods, a face-centered-hyper-cubic lattice in four-dimensional space was used to obtain an isotropic stress tensor. To conserve computer memory, we develop a model which requires 14 moving directions instead of the usual 24 directions. Lattice Boltzmann models, describing two-phase fluid flows and magnetohydrodynamics, can be developed based on this simpler 14-directional lattice. Comparisons between three-dimensional spectral code results and results using our method are given for simple periodic geometries. An important property of the lattice Boltzmann method is that simulations for flow in simple and complex geometries have the same speed and efficiency, while all other methods, including the spectral method, are unable to model complicated geometries efficiently.
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  • 11
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    Journal of statistical physics 63 (1991), S. 305-313 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Turbulence ; diffusion ; helicity ; convection ; incompressible fluids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Through the use of the Novikov-Furutsu formula for Gaussian processes an equation is obtained for the diffusion of the ensemble average of a passive scalar in an incompressible turbulent velocity field in terms of the two-point, two-time correlator of this field. The equation is valid for turbulence which is not necessarily homogeneous or stationary and thus generalizes previous work.
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  • 12
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    Pure and applied geophysics 132 (1990), S. 457-479 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Turbulence ; mesures aéroportées ; fluctuation de pression ; presso-corrélations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Résumé Nous avons décrit dansBardeau et al. (1987), la réalisation, le fonctionnement et les tests d'un microdébitmètre basé sur l'anémométrie à fil chaud. Il a été particulièrement montré que cet appareil était bien adapté aux mesures de pression et pression différentielle avec une grande sensibilité et une très faible constante de temps. Nous présentons ici les applications qui ont été faites de ce capteur aux mesures à haute résolution à bord d'avions instrumentés pour la recherche atmosphérique. L'avion utilisé était spécialement équipé pour les mesures de turbulence et permettait donc l'acquisition d'un grand nombre de paramètres indispensables à l'analyse des données de ce capteur. Dans les applications aéronautiques qui ont été faites, le capteur a surtout été utilisé en tant que variomètre. Les comparaisons avec les mesures standards d'altitude par pression et couplages pression-données inertielles montrent que cet instrument pourrait apporter une contribution intéressante dans le domaine de la mesure à haute fréquence des fluctuations de pression.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Keywords: Turbulence ; probability distributions ; temperature fluctuations ; vorticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A phenomenological theory of single-point probability distributions in turbulence is presented. Expressions for the probability distribution functions are derived and analyzed for a decaying passive scalar, temperature fluctuations in Bénard convection and vorticity fluctuations in both stationary and decaying homogeneous, isotropic turbulence. The predictions of the theory are compared with the results of physical and numerical experiments.
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  • 14
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    Journal of statistical physics 61 (1990), S. 865-868 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Turbulence ; screening ; vortices ; XY model ; Debye-Hückel theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The statistical mechanics of some electric models predicts exponential decay of space correlations (screening). This suggests that one look also for screening in 2- and 3-dimensional hydrodynamic turbulence.
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  • 15
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    Annals of biomedical engineering 12 (1984), S. 357-369 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Oscillatory flow ; High frequency ventilation ; Unsteady pipe flow ; Turbulence ; Pulsatile flow ; Transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Turbulence during pulsatile flow has been suggested as a possible mechanism to enchance the transport of gases during high-frequency ventilation. Experimental studies on oscillatory flow in straight, circular tubes have identified three types of flow: (a) laminar; (b) conditionally turbulent, in which high-frequency disturbances occur during the decelerating phase of the flow cycle but relaminarize by the beginning of the subsequent accelerating phase; and (c) fully turbulent flow, in which disturbances occur throughout the flow cycle. Fully turbulent flow has been observed only when a mean flow is present, and only laminar or conditionally turbulent flow has been observed for purely oscillatory flow. A critical Reynolds number based on the Stokes layer can be defined, and transition Reynolds numbers between 400 and 550 have been experimentally determined for purely oscillatory flow in a circular tube, although lower values are expected for physiological flows. There are some indications that the structure of oscillating turbulent flow is similar to steady turbulent flow, and preliminary work in our laboratory shows that the spectral content of flows during high-frequency ventilation is similar to that in steady turbulent flow.
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  • 16
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    Theoretical chemistry accounts 63 (1983), S. 323-338 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Dynamic systems ; Chaotic chemical reactions ; Kinetic logic ; Turbulence ; Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Earlier approaches to the analysis of chemical dynamic systems using kinetic logic are refined to deal more effectively with systems having the two or more feedback circuits required for chaos. The essential kinetic features of such a system can be represented by a directed graph (called aninfluence diagram) in which the vertices represent the internal species and the directed edges represent kinetic relationships between the internal species. Influence diagrams characteristic of chaotic chemical systems have the following additional features: (1) They are connected; (2) Each vertex has at least one edge directed towards it and one edge directed away from it; (3) There is at least one vertex, called a turbulent vertex, with at least two edges directed towards it. From such an influence diagram a state transition diagram representing the qualitative dynamics of the system can be obtained using the following 4-step procedure: (1) A logical relationship is assigned at each turbulent vertex; (2) A local truth table is generated for each circuit in the influence diagram; (3) The local truth tables are combined to give a global truth table using the logical relationships at the turbulent vertices; (4) The global truth table is used to determine the corresponding state transition diagram using previously described methods. This refined procedure leads to a more restricted set of influence diagrams having the interlocking cycle flow topology required for chaos than the procedure described earlier. Systems with 3 internal species are examined in detail using the refined procedure. All systems with 3 dynamic variables shown in the simulation studies of Rössler to give chaotic dynamics correspond to influence diagrams which give inter-locking cycle (chaotic) flow topologies by the refined procedure. In addition, two models for the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction are examined using the refined procedure. The results are potentially informative concerning possible mechanisms for the limitation of the accumulation of autocatalytically produced HBrO2 (one of the internal species) during the course of this reaction.
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  • 17
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    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 95-107 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Boundary layer ; Spectral density ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have carried out a series of recordings reproducing the small scale structures of temperature and windspeed within the boundary layer. The results obtained have been processed by computer and a direct comparison made between the slope of the spectral density functions and the theoretical slopen=5/3 defining the turbulence in the region of the inertial subrange. The measurements made at various altitudes on thin atmospheric samples demonstrate the variability of the spectral density slope with altitude. The hypotheses put forward by A. M. Obukhov, R. Bolgiano, G. H. Shur, P. Misme, A. Monin or S. Panchev, for example, enable the spectral variations and certain discontinuities in the turbulence observed during the experiments, within and beyond the boundary layer, to be explained.
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  • 18
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    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 648-661 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric turbulence ; Entrainment ; Turbulence ; Karman constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper extends the theory of the entity and entrainment model of turbulence to obtain a numerical value of von Karman's constant,k=0.37. The formula is, $$k = (2a^3 /A)^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 4}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 4}} \ln \beta $$ where,a=1/12 is the entrainment constant,A=1 is the turbulent decay constant, and β is the ratio in height of the successive self-similar layers of the theory, where β is evaluated as β=e 2. These new values fork and β improve the surface roughness length estimates derived from this theory.
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  • 19
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    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 758-771 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Diffusion ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dye plumes were generated at three depths in the seasonal thermocline between 7 and 11 m, 22 km south of Key West on 21 August 1980 and photographed at about 10 second intervals with an underwater camera system. Eleven pairs of consecutive pictures are analyzed to determine the mean current vertical shear and the width of the plumes by positioning reference points relative to the rod attached to the camera system. The relative distances of reference points are calibrated with the stereophotogrammetric method for one pair. The eddy diffusivity is calculated by use of a model of turbulent diffusion developed byTaylor (1921). Its values range from 5 to 25 cm2s−1 for the plume widths ranging from 33 to 132 cm. The Richardson number is calculated for each pair of pictures with the vertical density gradient estimated from temperature profiles. Its values are higher than the critical value of 0.25 except for one case. The diffusivity was higher by orders of magnitude than the molecular one and indicates the presence of turbulence together with billow like features of the plumes in spite of high Richardson numbers. This suggests that the billow turbulence might be caused by effects of surface gravity waves and not by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
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  • 20
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    Journal of statistical physics 24 (1981), S. 345-358 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Lorenz model ; random behavior of nonlinear differential equations ; response to external random forces ; dynamic correlation and response functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of external random forces on the static and dynamic behavior of the Lorenz model is investigated. Results of a numerical calculation in the conductive, convective, and turbulent regimes are reported. The properties of static and time-dependent correlation functions of the three degrees of freedom of the model are analyzed for varying strength of the external noise level and compared with the behavior of the unforced system.
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  • 21
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    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 494-527 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: MST radar ; Gravity waves ; Turbulence ; Stratospheric structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Powerful VHF radars are capable of almost continuously monitoring the threedimensional velocity vector and the distribution of turbulence in the middle atmosphere, i.e. the stratosphere and mesosphere. Methods of radar investigations of the middle atmosphere are outlined and the basic parameters, mean and fluctuating velocities as well as reflectivity and persistency of atmospheric structures, are defined. Results of radar investigations are described which show that the tropopause level as well as a criterion on the stability of the lower stratosphere can be deduced. Besides mean wind velocities, VHF radars can measure instantaneous velocities due to acoustic gravity waves. The interaction of gravity waves with the background wind is discussed, and it is shown that cumulus convection is an effective source of gravity waves in the lower stratosphere. The vertical microstructure of the stratosphere, manifesting itself in thin stratified sheets in which temperature steps occur, is investigated by applying knowledge from investigations of the oceanic thermocline. Possible origins, like shear generation and lateral convection of the microstructure of the stratosphere, are discussed. Observations of gravity waves in the mesosphere are reviewed and their connection with turbulence structures is pointed out. Finally, some open questions which could be answered by further VHF radar investigations are summarized.
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