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  • Enamel
  • Springer  (31)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • De Gruyter
  • MDPI Publishing
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1990-1994  (15)
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1965-1969  (5)
  • 1935-1939
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  • Springer  (31)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • De Gruyter
  • MDPI Publishing
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Development ; Albumin ; Mineralization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of albumin throughout enamel development in the rat mandibular incisor was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and Western blotting employing an anti-rat albumin antibody. Intact albumin was detectable at all stages of enamel development but was most evident during late secretion/transition. Its concentration was subsequently reduced during the maturation stage. Albumin degradation products appeared during the transition/early maturation stage indicating that albumin breakdown preceded its removal. As albumin inhibits apatite crystal growth, its degradation and removal may be a necessary prerequisite for normal enamel crystal growth, perhaps reflecting a general mechanism for removal of residual endogenous matrix or adventitious crystal growth inhibitors. Additional studies revealed that the maturation stage was particularly susceptible to albumin influx postmortem. Albumin could therefore form part of the natural crystal growth control process, which, if not removed, could hamper maturation and lead to white spot hypoplasias.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Amelogenin ; Expression ; Enamel ; Recombinant DNA ; Tooth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A mouse cDNA encoding a 180 amino acid amelogenin was subcloned into the pET expression plasmid (Novagen, Madison, WI) for production in Escherichia coli. A simple growth and purification protocol yields 20–50 mg of 95–99% pure recombinant amelogenin from a 4.5-liter culture. This is the first heterologous expression of an enamel protein. The expressed protein was characterized by partial Edman sequencing, amino acid composition analysis, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, laser desorption mass spectrometry, and hydroxyapatite binding. The recombinant amelogenin is 179 amino acids in length, has a molecular weight of 20,162 daltons, and hydroxyapatite binding properties similar to the porcine 173 residue amelogenin. Solubility analyses showed that the bacterially expressed protein is only sparingly soluble in the pH range of 6.4–8.0 or in solutions 20% saturated with ammonium sulfate. The purified protein was used to generate rabbit polyclonal anti-amelogenin antibodies which show specific reaction to amelogenins in both Western blot analyses of enamel extracts and in immunostaining of developing mouse molars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 302-310 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Amelogenin ; Alternative splicing ; Enamel ; Tooth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A heterogeneous mixture of amelogenins can be extracted from developing tooth enamel matrix. In an attempt to discover the extent to which alternative splicing of the amelogenin primary RNA transcript can generate unique isoforms, we have conducted a thorough search for cDNAs amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Over 2400 colonies were screened by colony hybridization. Seven different alternatively spliced amelogenin mRNAs were isolated. The predicted translation products of the messages are 194, 180, 156, 141, 74, 59, and 44 amino acids in length. RT-PCR amplification products not predicted by these seven amelogenin cDNAs were characterized. The intron separating exons 5 and 6 was cloned and sequenced. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques, the 5′ ends of the amelogenin mRNAs were cloned and characterized. The finding that the same exon 1 is common to all of the cloned mRNAs indicates that mouse amelogenin is transcribed from a single promoter. The mouse amelogenin transcription and translation initiation sites, the 5′ untranslated leader, and the segment encoding the signal peptide were determined. The distinctly nonamelogenin-like exon 4, first observed in human amelogenin cDNAs, has also been found in mice. Antibodies were raised to synthetic exon 4-encoded polypeptides and used to immunostain Western transfers and histologic tooth sections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 481-485 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Depth profile ; Enamel ; Carbonate ; Phosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FT-IR) depth profiling spectra of the enamel of an intact human tooth are obtained in a completely nondestructive fashion. The compositional and structural changes in the tissue are probed from the enamel surface to a depth of about 200 μm. These changes reflect the state of tissue development. The subsurface carbonate gradient in the enamel could be observed over the range of about 10–100 μm. The carbonate-to-phosphate ratio increases in the depth profile. The depth profile also reveals changes in the substitutional distribution of carbonate ions. Type A carbonates (hydroxyl substituted) increase relative to type B carbonates (phosphate substituted) with increasing thermal diffusion length. In addition to the changes in the carbonate ion distribution and content, the PA-FT-IR depth profile clearly indicates a dramatic increase in the protein content relative to the phosphate content with increased depth. The changes in the carbonate content and distribution, along with the changes in the protein content, may be responsible for the changes observed in the apatitic structure in the depth profile of the enamel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 398-400 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Amelogenins ; Tooth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The amelogenins of the extracellular matrix of developing dental enamel, comprise a family of tissue-specific proteins which are postulated to play a central role in the biomineralization of dental enamel [1]. The primary structures of amelogenins derived from cow, pig, human, mouse and rat have now been elucidated by the interpretation of cDNA sequences or by direct amino acid sequence determinations [2–6] demonstrating a high degree of sequence homology between species [1]. However, the nature of post-translational modification of these proteins is less clear. In particular, early reports of amelogenin phosphorylation [7–8] have proved to be difficult to confirm by direct chemical analyses [1]. Using mass spectrographic analysis, we recently [9], reported that the lower molecular weight (5–7 kDa) bovine and porcine amelogenin polypeptides (TRAP and LRAP) contained a single phospho-serine residue at position 16Ser and, since these polypeptides are derived by proteolytic processing from the higher molecular weight “parent” amelogenins (18–25 kDa), we concluded that these precursor molecules must also be phosphorylated, as has previously been suggested [10]. In contrast to these observations, an extensive amino acid sequencing study of porcine amelogenins has recently reported no evidence for such phosphorylation [11]. We now report that a new analysis of the major porcine(“20K”) amelogenin provides positive evidence for porcine amelogenin phosphorylation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Teeth ; Incisor ; Hydroxyapatite ; Electron spectroscopic imaging ; Electron spectroscopic diffraction ; Intrinsic contrast ; Rat (Wistar, Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Morphological and structural analysis of the earliest stage of crystal formation in enamel of rat incisors, by use of energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), has shown needlelike crystallites with a dotlike substructure. We conclude that these dots (nanometer-sized particles) have developed at nucleating, active sites along the non-collagenous matrix proteins in enamel. Calcium and phosphate groups are bound at such “active sites” and develop to nuclei, which grow to these stable dots (nanometer-sized particles). The dots coalesce rapidly in longitudinal direction, along the matrix proteins, with neighbouring dots to form parallel arranged “needlelike” crystallites. These needles grow and coalesce in lateral directions to ribbon-platelike crystallites. In enamel most of the organic substance becomes decomposed and transported to the ameloblasts. Consequently, the ribbon-platelike crystallites can coalesce to form much thicker (hydroxy)-apatite crystals than in dentine. Already in the earliest stage of crystal formation the mineral chains of dots (nanometer-sized particles) and the needlelike crystallites show a parallel orientation in the direction of the c-axis of hydroxyapatite. This is supported by the texture of the 002 reflections in the corresponding electron spectroscopic diffraction patterns (ESD), which appear as the first Bragg reflections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Amelogenesis ; Crystal growth ; Calcium phosphates ; Biomineralization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The aim of the present work was to investigate changes in cross-sectional morphologies of enamel crystallites as a function of location in secretory porcine enamel. Enamel tissues were obtained from 5- to 6-month-old slaughtered piglets. For examination by electron microscopy, a portion of the secretory enamel was embedded in resin and ultrathin sections were prepared with a diamond knife. In parallel studies, compositional and structural changes of enamel mineral were assessed by chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. For this purpose, two consecutive layers of the outer secretory enamel, each approximately 30 μm thick, were separated from the labial side of permanent incisors. Using high-resolution electron microscopy, early events of enamel crystal growth were characterized as the epitaxial growth of small apatite units on the lateral surfaces of the initially precipitated thin ribbon. These apatite units had regular triangle or trapezoid cross-sections. After fusions of those isolated trapezoids on both lateral sides of the platy template, the resulting enamel crystallites had the well-documented flattened-hexagonal shapes in cross-sections. The initially precipitated thin plate was buried inside the overgrown apatite lamella and then retained as a central dark line. Similar morphological evidence for the epitaxial nucleation and overgrowth of carbonatoapatite on the platy template was obtainedin vitro. Chemical and FTIR analyses of the enamel layer samples showed that the characteristics of the youngest enamel mineral were distinct from those of enamel crystals found in older secretory enamel. The overall results support the concept that initial enamel mineralization comprises two events: the initial precipitation of thin ribbons and the subsequent epitaxial growth of apatite crystals on the two-dimensional octacalcium phosphate-like precursor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Periodontium ; Eruption ; Enamel ; Glycosylaminoglycans ; Proteins ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The rate of eruption of rat mandibular incisors was either increased by cutting one tooth out of occlusion or eliminated by means of pinning. The effects of such changes in eruption rate on the sulphated glycosylaminoglycan content of the periodontal ligaments was analysed. The length of the enamel secretory zone and the composition of the developing enamel matrix protein was also compared. Sulphated glycosylaminoglycan content of the periodontal ligament increased fourfold (P〈0.001) during accelerated eruption but decreased to a corresponding extent (P〈0.001) in the absence of eruption, when compared with controls. The length of the enamel secretory zone was also significantly reduced in the immobilised teeth, although the protein content was similar compared with controls. The results demonstrate the differential response to varied eruption rates of the periodontal ligament and enamel, particularly in respect of the extracellular matrix. The data are consistent with the view that the ground substance of the periodontal ligament plays a role in the generation of the eruptive force.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 144-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Fluoride ; Hydroxyapatite ; Magnesium ; Octacalcium phosphate ; 32Phosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Considerable evidence suggests that an acidic calcium phosphate, such as octacalcium phosphate (OCP) or brushite, is involved as a precursor in enamel and other hard tissue formation. Additionally, there is in vitro evidence suggesting that fluoride accelerates and magnesium inhibits the hydrolysis of OCP to hydroxyapatite (OHAp). As the amount of OCP or brushite in enamel cannot be measured directly in the presence of an excess of hydroxyapatite, a procedure was developed that allows for their indirect in vivo quantification as pyrophosphate. This permits study of the effects of fluoride and magnesium ions on enamel mineral synthesis. Rat incisor calcium phosphate was labeled by intraperitoneal injection of NaH2 32PO4. The rats were then subjected to various fluoride and magnesium treatments with subcutaneous implanted osmotic pumps. They were then killed at predetermined intervals; the nascent sections of the incisors were collected, cleaned, and pyrolyzed at 500°C for 48 hours to convert acidic calcium phosphates to calcium pyrophosphate; the pyrophosphate was separated from orthophosphate by anion-exchange chromatography; and the resulting fractions were counted by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The activities of the pyro- and orthophosphate fractions were used to calculate the amount of acidic calcium phosphate present in the nascent mineral. The results demonstrated that the percentage of radioactive pyrophosphate in nascent incisors decreased with time, with increasing serum F- concentration, and with decreasing serum magnesium content. The technique described here should prove to be a powerful new tool for studying the effects of various agents on biological mineral formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Octacalcium phosphate ; Apatite ; Fluoride ; Intergrowth ; Enamel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary In order to study the effect of F- on tooth enamel-like apatite formation, crystal growth experiments were carried out in the presence of 0.1}2 ppm F- at 37°C and at pH 6.5 in a model system of enamel formation where octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was stable. Morphology changed from long and thin ribbons to small needle-like plates, and the product changed from OCP to apatite with an increase in F- concentration. In the presence of 0.1–1 ppm F-, apatite-OCP intergrowth took place, and crystals composed of apatite and OCP lamellas were formed. These crystals showed long and thin plate-like morphology and embedded an OCP lamella in the center of the crystal. The OCP lamella and its (100) planes were parallel to the (100) planes of apatite. The thickness of OCP decreased and that of apatite increased with an increase in F- concentration. Some apatite crystals obtained at 1 ppm F- embedded a central plane instead of the distinct OCP lamella. The result indicates that initially formed, thin, plate-like OCP acted as a template for the subsequent epitaxial overgrowth of apatite and, moreover, F- played an important role in regulating the apatite-OCP intergrowth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 137-143 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Hydroxyapatite ; Enamel ; Dissolution ; Kinetics ; Caries
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The present study was undertaken in an attempt to relate the kinetics of hydroxyapatite dissolution to solution parameters, under experimental conditions relevant to the dental caries process. Thus, the dissolution of hydroxyapatite was studied in acetic, lactic, and dilute phosphoric acid solutions having initial pH values from 4 to 6. Rates of dissolution and the corresponding degree of saturation with respect to hydroxyapatite were determined at various times throughout the dissolution process. Rates of dissolution of all solutions were found to decrease with increasing degree of solution saturation and were greater in solutions with lower initial values of pH. However, rates of dissolution in partially saturated phosphoric acid solutions (without added organic acid) were at least one order of magnitude lower than those observed in the organic acid buffers with the same initial pH, over the same range of saturation values. The data obtained are consistent with a surface-controlled dissolution model in which the rate of dissolution is dependent upon the degree of saturation and the sum of the activities of the acidic species in solution, i.e., phosphoric and organic acids. These results suggest that in order to assess the cariogenic potential of a given medium (e.g., plaque fluid), one must determine both the degree of saturation with respect to the dissolving mineral and the activities of acidic species in solution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Adsorption ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; Apatite crystals ; Enamel ; Dentin ; Bone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Magnesium (Mg) is a conspicuous constituent of hard tissues but its possible role in biomineralization is poorly understood. It is possible that Mg2+ adsorbed onto bioapatites may contribute to the modulation of crystal growth as such inhibitory activity has been reported for synthetic apatites. The present study was undertaken to determine the adsorption isotherms of Mg ions onto synthetic apatites and biominerals in tooth and bone tissues in the presence of other ions of natural occurrence. Synthetic crystals used as adsorbents were hydroxyapatite and, as a better prototype for the biomineral, Mg-containing carbonatoapatite. Human enamel and dentin materials were obtained from extracted, caries-free, permanent teeth. Porcine dentin materials at two developmental stages were obtained from erupted deciduous and unerupted permanent teeth of a 6-month-old slaughtered piglet. Porcine bone was obtained from the cortical portion of the mandible of the same animal. All biomineral samples were pulverized and then treated by plasma ashing (deproteination) at about 60°C. Each of the powdered samples was equilibrated in solutions containing various initial concentrations of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+ (or K+) as nitrate salts. Following equilibration, concentrations (and activities) of magnesium and calcium ions in the experimental solution were determined. The pH values of the equilibrium solutions were in the range of 6.2–6.5. Experimental data of the Mg adsorption onto hydroxyapatite were interpreted on the basis of a Langmuir-type model for binary systems assuming competition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ for the same adsorption sites on the crystal surfaces of the apatites. According to this model, the adsorbed Mg is expressed as a function of the ionic activity ratio (Mg2+)/(Ca2+) in the equilibrium solution. The model contains two parameters, the adsorption selectivity constant Ks and the maximum number of adsorption sites N (μmol/g). The numerical values of Ks were similar for all adsorbents used (synthetic and biological) and indicated the preferential adsorption of Ca2+ probably due to spacial restrictions extending to the very surface of the crystals. The initial level of Mg2+ in the surface pool was different in the various biominerals, probably reflecting the composition of fluid in which the biominerals were formed. Whereas the surface pool of Mg of human enamel was marginal, only 5% of the total Mg, significant fractions of the total Mg in human and porcine dentins (about 20–30%), and porcine bone (about 40%) existed on the crystal surfaces. There were significant differences in the total Mg and the value of the parameter N between young (unerupted) and mature (erupted) dentin minerals. It was ascertained that the occupancy of adsorption sites by Mg ions became greater with maturation of the dentin tissues. The overall results suggest that the Mg-mineral interaction in tooth and bone tissues may be a highly tissue-specific process, presumably reflecting differences in fluid composition (particularly Ca and Mg activities) responsible for biomineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tooth germ ; Enamel ; Basal lamina ; Sulfated glycoconjugates ; Triturus pyrrhogaster (Urodela)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural distibution and histochemical properties of sulfated glycoconjugates were investigated in the developing enamel of the adult newt, Triturus pyrrhogaster, by use of the high-iron diamine thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate (HID-TCH-SP) staining and enzymatic digestion methods. Development and ultrastructure of the enamel were also studied. After deposition of the mantle dentin matrix to a certain thickness, the first enamel matrix, globular in shape, appeared in juxtaposition to the dental basement membrane and tended to be intermixed with the previously deposited dentin matrix. Subsequently, enamel matrix was deposited outside (ameloblastic side) of the dental basal lamina and formed a true enamel layer. Thus, developing enamel of the newt consists of two layers: (1) an inner layer made up of a dentin-enamel mixed matrix and (2) an outer layer composed of only true enamel matrix. HID-TCH-SP precipitates resulting from the abovementioned studies were found in the mixed matrix and were identified as chondroitin sulfates; in contrast, the true enamel matrix contained no sulfated glycoconjugates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Primates 32 (1991), S. 265-268 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Schlagwort(e): Incisor crown formation ; Calcification ; Enamel ; Japanese macaques ; Macaca fuscata ; Sexual variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fifteen laboratory-born Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata (Blyth, 1875), were examined radiographically for the timing of initial crown calcification of the permanent upper first incisors. The mean age of initial calcification was 199.8 days in females and 204.7 days in males; the sexual difference was significant (p〈.05). Precocious incisor calcification in females inM. fuscata resembles that inM. nemestrina andHomo sapiens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 565-573 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Ameloblasts ; Colchicine ; Lysosomes ; Resorption ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The lysosomal systems in maturation-ameloblasts affected by colchicine were examined using trimetaphosphatase cytochemistry. Demineralized segments of rat incisor were incubated for trimetaphosphatase. At all time intervals, lysosomal structures exhibited reduced enzyme reactivity and were clustered in the Golgi region of the cell. Both ruffle-ended and smooth-ended ameloblasts maintained essentially normal morphology up to 4 h after colchicine injection, except for some migration of organelles. After 8 h, the ruffled border was markedly modified and the associated dense granular material was no longer present. Changes in the lysosomal system and ruffled border indicate interference by colchicine with a putative resorptive function of the maturation-ameloblasts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 64-71 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Solubility of calcium salts ; Enamel ; Hydroxyapatite ; Carbohydrates ; Complex formation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The solubility of various Ca(II) salts, hydroxyapatite, and powdered human dental enamel in the presence of simple carbohydrates was studied by determining the complex strength between Ca(II) and the carbohydrates. In 1.0m CaSO4, the following simplified sequence of complex strengths was obtained for the more common carbohydrates: Na-citrate〉d-sorbitol〉xylitol〉d-mannitol〉d-fructose〉d-glucose〉d-xylose. Whereas the more soluble Ca(II) compounds (like CaSO4) exerted measurable complexation with xylitol, no such complexation was found with hydroxyapatite and enamel powder. This also concerned other alditols. Calculation of the stability constants (K) showed sorbitol (K=0.81 M) and xylitol (K=0.67m) to form stronger complexes in saturated CaSO4 than other alditols. The most suitable coordination site appeared to be a vicinalcis-cis-triol. Precipitation studies showed that 0.5m xylitol and 0.5 M sorbitol significantly retarded the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates from a solution of Ca(II) and phosphate, compared with the effect caused by glucose, sorbose, or xylose. The effect caused by xylitol and sorbitol was explained in terms of partial displacement of water molecules in the primary hydration layer of Ca(II) ions, caused by competition between polyol and water molecules. In the presence of aldoses and ketoses, virtually instantaneous precipitation occurred. These results suggest that open-chain alditols may influence the chemical reactions of Ca(II) in plaque, saliva, and caries lesions. Alditols do not function as demineralizing agents of the teeth, however. Through the retarding effect on calcium phosphate precipitation, alditols may favorably govern remineralization of carious lesions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 39-47 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Apatite ; Calcium phosphates ; Crystal growth ; Enamel ; Octacalcium phosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The present study examined crystal growth on enamel and synthetic apatite seed surfaces in dilute supersaturated solutions by means of transmission electron microscopy. At all supersaturations, new growth initially appeared on the ends of the seed crystal. In solutions undersaturated with respect to octacalcium phosphate (OCP), this growth was needlelike in appearance. Above the solubility point for OCP, the growth frequently took the form of thin, platelike crystals. The relevance of these findings to precursor phase formation is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Mineralizing tissue ; Enamel ; Density fractionation ; Apatite ; Amelogenins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary An aqueous density fractionation for calcifying tissues was tested for its ability to prepare fractions corresponding to precise mineralization stages, suitable for further protein and crystal studies. Two fractions of immature enamel corresponding to different densities were prepared, using cooled cesium salt saturated solutions, and compared for crystal size and amelogenin molecular weight distribution. For the first time, a steep increase in crystal width was directly correlated to protein degradation in keeping with increasing mineralization. Thus, this paper describes a method for obtaining an accurate fractionation of a calcifying tissue according to its true density heterogeneity. The recovered fractions are shown to be suitable for both crystal and protein studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 762-766 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Maturation cycles ; Tetracycline ; Dentine ; Bone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Uptake of tetracycline by enamel in the short-term was studied at an advanced stage of crown formation and after completion of crown formation in deciduous molars in the cat. Both secretory phase enamel and bands of postsecretory, maturation phase enamel labeled rapidly. The pattern of labeling mimicked that seen in the continuously growing, rootless incisor teeth of the rat, with narrow doublets fusing to form narrow bands with wide unlabeled intervals in the short term. This is a physiological demonstration which indicates that cyclical activity and changes may occurin vivo during the maturation phase of amelogenesis in rooted teeth. It is also noted that dentine did not, and that some circumscribed patches of bone did label in the same animals in the same time interval. Short-term tetracycline labels are lost following conventional histological processing, but are retained after freeze-drying or air-drying.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 48-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Density centrifugation ; Hydroxyapatite ; Carbonate ; Calcification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Whole enamel scrapings from unerupted teeth of embryonic calves have been separated into fractions of varying density by stepwise centrifugation in bromoform-toluene mixtures of increasing specific gravity. Partition of enamel in this manner yields individual fractions of increasing mineral phase age and maturation. Whole scrapings and isolated fractions of the fetal bovine enamel were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic absorption and infrared spectroscopy to determine time-related changes in the physicochemical nature of the constituent mineral phase particles. These analyses showed poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) as the only detectable solid phase of calcium phosphate present in all fractions, its degree of crystallinity increasing with increasing density. Molar Ca/P ratios and magnesium content were highest in lowest density fractions. Carbonate vibration bands at 875 and 1420–1450 cm−1, common to mineralized tissue, were observed in intermediate and higher density fractions and in whole unfractionated enamel. Another carbonate band at ∼705 cm−1, unusual to vertebrate calcified tissue, was detected in low density fractions and disappeared rapidly with increasing enamel maturation. Its precise relation with the enamel mineral phase has not been determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 209-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; crystallographic fault ; caries
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary There is a range of experimental evidence consistent with the existence of planar defects in the apatite crystals which constitute dental enamel. The evidence includes the appearance of crystals in the electron microscope both before and after attack by caries or caries-simulating etchants, the cross-sectional shape of the crystals and their long lath-like morphology. It is suggested here that the defects are twin planes in the apatite structure and it is further shown that such twin faults can form with only minor disturbance to the structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Hamster amelogenins-enamelins ; Enamel ; Dentin-phosphoprotein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Amelogenins, enamelins, and soluble dentin proteins were sequentially separated under dissociative conditions from morphologically characterized molar tooth germs of 4-, 6-, and 7-day-old hamsters. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic, gel filtration chromatographic, and amino acid compositional data of neonatal hamster amelogenin extracts were in general agreement with those obtained from fetal bovine enamel under similar extraction conditions. As development progressed (e.g., 4 vs. 7 days of life), changes in amelogenin proteins were manifested by altered values of all biochemical parameters measured. A high molecular weight (∼160,000–200,000 daltons) Stains-All-positive protein band was observed for all hamster enamelin extracts on SDS gels. Amino acid compositional data from this “enamel crystal protein,” partially purified by dissociative gel-filtration chromatography, are presented. The hamster dentin phosphoprotein was partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography in 7M urea. The molecular weight (75,000–80,000 daltons) and amino acid composition of this protein were similar to those of rat incisor dentin phosphoprotein, but different from those of the fetal bovine phosphoprotein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 603-618 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Preameloblasts ; Tooth germs ; Monkey ; Enamel ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Cytodifferentiation of inner enamel epithelium and the adjacent connective tissue from the tip of the cervical loop to the initiation of enamel elaboration in twoMacaca species was examined. Ten- to twelve-month-old specimens were fixed by perfusion and the permanent tooth buds were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. At the cervical loop proper, inner enamel epithelium cells have lobed nuclei, a paucity of cytoplasm, and wide extracellular spaces; the basal lamina facing the dental papilla is straight. With increasing distance from the tip of the cervical loop, the following changes occur gradually: (a) preameloblasts elongate from 15 to 45 µm, and their organelles, particularly mitochondria and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, become more numerous; (b) extracellular spaces decrease between preameloblasts starting at the basal (infranuclear) end; (c) the basement membrane becomes convoluted and associated with aperiodic fibers; (d) preodontoblast projections penetrate the aperiodic fibers; (e) collagen fibers subjacent to the basement membrane increase in density, with particularly thick fibers paralleling the aperiodic fibers. These modifications occur within three-fourths of the distance from the tip of the cervical loop to the mineralization front. The condensation of preodontoblasts is followed immediately by predentin synthesis. Concomitantly, the basement membrane breaks down and the aperiodic fibers are engulfed by preameloblasts. Preameloblast projections penetrate junctional predentin, contact mineralized dentin, and enamel synthesis ensues. At this stage the ameloblast is 45 µm long, the nucleus is central or basal, the Golgi apparatus has migrated apically, but the Tomes' process has not yet formed. The results indicate that odontogenesis inMacaca monkeys more closely resembles human odontogenesis than does that in the murine rodents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Fluoride ; Enamel ; Enameloid ; TEM ; Electron diffraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The effects of fluoride on human enamel and selachian enameloid in vitro were visualized in TEM and analyzed with electron diffraction. It is demonstrated that under precise pH conditions, inducing concentration balance between F− ions and apatite, calcium fluoride is no longer formed, and crystalline changes occur instead. A secondary growing process, inducing a twofold increase in crystal size, involves all crystal faces, altering the hexagonal symmetry. It is suggested that the mechanism involved is not a dissolution/precipitation process but rather a secondary growth of residual crystallites induced by apatite dissolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 105-109 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): ESR ; Free radicals ; Apatite ; Enamel ; Irradiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Using both low microwave power and weak magnetic field modulation, we have shown that the asymmetric signal arising in X-irradiated tooth enamel as well as in A-type carbonated apatite exposed to X-rays or to excited oxygen has an orthorhombic character and must be attributed to CO 2 − . Effectively, the mean values found for the three g-tensor components are comparable to those quoted for this defect in single-crystal specimens of calcite and sodium formate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Teeth (Marsupials) ; Enamel ; Dentine ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Transmission electron microscopy of selected-area argon-ion-beam thinned kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) enamel revealed a complex ultrastructure in the region of the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ). Characteristic features were multiple branching of dentinal tubules, rejoining of enamel tubules, elongated defects, extended protrusions of dentine into enamel, two types (A and B) of hypomineralized enamel and a continuity between dentinal and enamel tubules. In the intertubular regions of the DEJ a complex intermingling of finer enamel and dentine crystals, similar to that found in human enamel, was observed. The varicosities observed in the light microscope were a combined optical effect caused by the hypomineralized (type A) enamel and the branching and rejoining of the enamel tubules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 129-135 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Immunology ; Embryo ; Bovine ; Enamel ; Matrix
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé De l'amélogénine bovine, matrice organique secrétée par les cellules formant l'émail dentaire, est antigénique chez le lapin. La fraction purifiée de gamma-globuline de l'antisérum de lapin, en présence d'amélogénine, dans une boite d'agar à double diffusion, provoque une ligne simple de précipitine. Des fractions isolées de l'amélogénine, par électrophorèse sur gel d'acrylamide et par filtration sur gel de Sephadex, semblent identiques au point de vue antigénique. La fraction antigénique d'amélogénine est séparée de la protéine de l'émail à l'aide d'une colonne Sephadex G-100. L'amélogénine est un système complexe, si l'on se réfère aux résultats d'électrophorèse et de filtration sur gel: ai point de vue immunologique, l'amélogénine se comporte comme un antigène simple.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Rinder Amelogenin, die organische Matrix, welche durch die Zahnschmelz-bildenden Zellen sezerniert wird, wirkt als Antigen auf das Kaninchen. Die gereinigte Gammaglobulinfraktion des Kaninchen-Antiserums ergibt auf einer Doppel-Diffusions-Agarplatte eine einzelne Koagulinlinie, wenn sie mit Amelogenin reagiert. Unterfraktionen aus Amelogenin isoliert durch Acrylamid-Gel-Elektrophorese und durch Sephadex-Gel-Filtration wurden in ihrer Antigen-Wirksamkeit identisch gefunden. Die Antigen-Fraktion von Amelogenin wurde durch eine Sephadex G-100-Säule von der Gesamtmenge des Zahnschmelz-Proteins getrennt. Auf Grund seiner bei der Elektrophorese und der Gel-Filtration beobachtetem Eigenschaften ist Amelogenin ein aus verschiedenen Komponenten zusammengesetztes System; Amelogenin wirkt jedoch immunologisch als ein einzelnes Antigen.
    Notizen: Abstract Bovine amelogenin, the organic matrix secreted by the dental-enamel-forming cells, is antigenic in the rabbit. The purified gamma globulin fraction of the rabbit antisera when reacted with amelogenin in a double diffusion agar plate forms a single precipitin line. Subfractions isolated from amelogenin by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and by Sephadex gel filtration were found to be antigenically identical. The antigenic fraction of amelogenin was separated from the bulk of the enamel protein by a Sephadex G-100 column. On the basis of its electrophoretic and gel filtration properties, amelogenin is a multi-component system; however, immunologically, amelogenin acts as a single antigen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 308-317 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Enamel ; Hydroxyapatite ; X-ray Diffraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'objet de cette étude a été de déterminer l'effet du mode de préparation (par meulage) sur la largeur des raies de diffraction de l'émail. La préparation d'émail, par meulage, en utilisant divers procédés ainsi qu'une pièce à main dentaire conventionnelle provoque un élargissement des pics obtenus (002, 211, 200 et 202) lorsqu'on la compare avec de la poudre d'émail, obtenue par meulage à l'aide de billes. L'élargissement des raies n'est pas observé lorqu'un monocristal d'hydroxylapatite est meulé à l'aide d'un diamant fin. En général, l'élargissement est moins important, lorsque le meulage est effectué à l'aide de turbines dentaires. L'importance du meulage dépend de façon variable d'un ou plusieurs des facteurs suivants: rugosité des instruments coupants, vitesse de meulage, direction de meulage, et la présence ou l'absence d'eau. Le meulage prolongé par billes de l'émail provoque aussi un élargissement dans les mêmes conditions, cependant, l'os n'est pas endommagé. Ces résultats indiquent que l'émail est plus sensible que l'hydroxylapatite et l'os. L'élargissement de raies peut être dû soit à une déformation de la maille cristalline, soit à une diminution de taille des cristaux.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine Untersuchung durchgeführt, um den Einfluß der Probenvorbereitung (Zerreibungsmethode) auf die Breite des Linienprofil-Querschnittes von Zahnschmelz zu bestimmen. Gewinnung von Zahnschmelz mit den verschiedenen Schneidinstrumenten einer konventionellen Bohrmaschine verursachte eine Verbreiterung aller untersuchten Peaks (002, 211, 200 und 202) im Vergleich zum gleichen Schmelz, der mit dem Rosenbohrer zerrieben wurde. Eine Verbreiterung der Linie konnte nicht beobachtet werden, wenn ein einzelner Kristall von Hydroxyapatit mit einem ganz feinen Diamanten zerrieben wurde. Im allgemeinen war die Verbreiterung weniger ausgesprochen, wenn die hochtourige Bohrtechnik zur Anwendung kam. Das Ausmaß der Verbreiterung, das durch Zahnbohrer verursacht wurde, war abhängig von einem oder mehreren der folgenden Faktoren: Rauheit des Schneidinstrumentes, Zerreibungsgeschwindigkeit, Zerreibungsrichtung und das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Wasser. Verlängerte Zerreibung von Schmelz mit dem Rosenbohrer verursachte ebenfalls eine Verbreiterung. Unter identischen Bedingungen blieb der ausgeglühte Knochen jedoch unversehrt. Diese Beobachtungen zeigen, daß Schmelz für Zerreibungsschäden anfälliger ist, als Hydroxyapatitkristalle oder ausgeglühter Knochen. Die eigentliche Ursache der Linienverbreiterung kann entweder eine Schädigung infolge Distortion des Gitters oder eino Reduktion der Größe der individuellen Kristalle sein.
    Notizen: Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effect of sample preparation (grinding method) upon breadth of the diffraction profile of enamel. Collecting enamel by grinding with various cuttin tools in the low-speed dental handpiece caused broadening of all peaks (002, 211, 300 and 202) examined, compared to ball, ground, counter-part enamel. Line broadening was not observed when a single crystal of mineral hydroxyapatite was ground with a very fine diamond. In general, broadening was less pronounced with the high-speed air turbine technique. The amount of broadening caused by dental burs depended upon one or more of the following factors: coarseness of cutting instrument, grinding speed, grinding direction, and the presence or absence of water. Prolonged ball grinding of enamel also caused broadening; under identical conditions, however, annealed bone remained undamaged. These findings indicate that enamel is more sensitive to grinding damage than the mineral hydroxyapatite crystal or annealed bone. The actual cause of line broadening may be either strain due to lattice distortions or a reduction in size of individual crystallites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 101 (1969), S. 232-240 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; milk teeth ; tooth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of secreting ameloblasts of deciduous teeth from a human foetus (crown-rump length 195 mm) was investigated. The ameloblasts demonstrate a formation of granules in a juxtanuclear Golgi complex. In the Tomes' process the granules are released either through the lateral plasma membrane into the intercellular space between the Tomes' processes or directly through the apical plasma membrane into the enamel. The human ameloblasts differ from non-human ameloblasts in having a non-oriented vesicular granular endoplasmic reticulum. Further, the majority of mitochondria are situated in the apical part of the ameloblast adjacent to the Tomes' process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 353-360 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel ; Dental ; Protein ; Foetal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé De la matrice d'émail de bœuf déminéralisé est soumise à l'électrophorèse à gel de polyacrylamide, à pH acide. Une composition protéique beaucoup plus complexe que celle décrite jusqu'à présent est mise en évidence. Elle est constituée par 6 composés principaux et 12 composés mineurs. La chromatographie par filtration sur gel Sephadex G. 50, à pH 3.0 et sous force ionique faible, donne une séparation partielle de ces composants, qui concorde avec le fractionnement obtenu par différences de poids moléculaire. L'électrophorèse à polyacrylamide de ces fractions, avec et sans 5 M d'urée, montre qu'à pH acide, les composés isolés dans les gels d'acrylamide ne constituent pas des substances labiles. Ces résultats sont envisagés en fonction des théories actuelles concernant la composition matricielle et son rôle possible au cours de la calcification de l'émail.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die fetale Zahnschmelzmatrix von Rindern wurde demineralisiert und einer Polyacrylamid-Gel „Dise”-Elektrophorese bei saurem pH unterworfen. Diese Technik zeigte eine Proteinzusammensetzung, die komplexer ist als bisher beschrieben wurde, nämlich mit mindestens 6 Haupt- und 12 Nebenkomponenten. Sephadex G 50 Gel-Filtrations-Chromatographie bei einem pH von 3.0 und schwacher Ionenstärke ergab eine teilweise Trennung dieser Komponenten, in Übereinstimmung mit einer Fraktionierung, welche sich auf Unterschiede im Molekulargewicht stützt. Eine Polyacrylamid- Elektrophorese dieser Säulenfraktionen sowohl mit als auch ohne 5 M Harnstoff zeigte, daß bei saurem pH die Acrylamid-Gel sichtbaren Komponenten nicht als labile Aggregate vorhanden sind. Diese Resultate werden im Zusammenhang mit den aktuellen Begriffen über die Zusammensetzung der Matrix und ihrer möglichen Rolle bei der Verkalkung des Zahnschmelzes besprochen.
    Notizen: Abstract Demineralised bovine foetal enamel matrix was subjected to polyacrylamide gel “disc” electrophoresis at acid pH. This technique revealed a protein composition more complex than hitherto described with a minimum of six principal and twelve minor components. Sephadex G. 50 gel filtration chromatography at pH 3.0 and low ionic strength produced a partial separation of these components in accord with a fractionation based on molecular weight differences. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis of these column fractions both in the presence and absence of 5 M urea, showed that at acid pH the components seen in the acrylamide gels were not present as labile aggregates. These results are discussed in relation to current concepts of the matrix composition and its possible role in the calcification of enamel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Collagen ; Hydroxyapatite ; Keratin ; Enamel ; Calcification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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