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  • Articles  (968)
  • Emerald  (968)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1995-1999  (968)
  • Computer Science  (968)
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  • Articles  (968)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishing instructional resources on the Web: a joint-university effort (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 12-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Co-ordinated by their scholarly association, textile/apparel faculty from multiple universities have succeeded in establishing a World Wide Web server dedicated to providing information from across their disciplines to enhance instruction. The process of server establishment and Web-site creation including funding, determination of information for posting, problems encountered, and future plans are reviewed. Other faculty could use this as a guide in establishing servers and Web sites for their own disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260262
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CyberInteractor - a teaching and research tool (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An original computer-based tool, dubbed CyberInteractor, is described. CyberInteractor is designed to facilitate immediate student feedback to an instructor and to other students in a classroom setting or via the World Wide Web. Feedback is saved in a database for educational research purposes. Students view a question that can include pictures, diagrams, a movie or sound clip, random numbers, and calculations involving the random numbers. After responding, they receive feedback showing how other students in the same class have responded. Newsgroups enable students to explain their reasoning. Instructors can give pre-tests and post-tests, and collect the answers and student discussions in files that can be analyzed later, thus facilitating the collection and processing of data from large numbers of students.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260352
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional response to computer-related repetitive strain injury (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 27-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes results of efforts to find institutional models for preventing computer-related repetitive strain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining feedback and assessment via Web-based homework (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 24-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multiple choice homework, including feedback on each incorrect answer, is administered over the Web using an in-house program. The large enrollments in lower division courses hinder the use of homework without the aid of a computer for grading, recording, and reporting. The current system permits faculty to create assignments using only a word processor, which allows the facile inclusion of symbols, pictures, and other non-textual information. This is particularly important in science classes, where such material is a major part of any assignment. The system includes security measures, and reports scores back to instructors in a form which can be easily included into a spreadsheet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260370
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faculty publishing productivity: the emerging role of network connectivity (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 30-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The identification of variables related to faculty publishing productivity is essential in promoting campus information and work environments that foster creativity. This study explores personal and institutional factors, especially the emerging role of the campus telecommunications environment, that support faculty productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260398
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confessions of a doubtful shaman (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: While the research literature is full of glowing reports of amazing success stories, this article enlightens the troops in the trenches with a disaster the author encountered in 1997 trying to implement distance learning of two classes in technology. Though we all want to hear success stories, many times we learn more from failure. This personal narrative explores what went wrong and what can be learned from the mistakes of others in the field
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260406
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deploying Novell's BorderManager Internet Security Firewall: a case study (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the need for a security firewall. Describes the different firewall technologies and models available for deploying security firewalls. Describes the set of specifications chosen to implement the security firewall at the Tata Energy Research Institute and the approach taken to implement these specifications. Also describes the resources on security mailing lists, including Web sites available on the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Providing feedback to distant students (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a feedback system for distant students including the tools and documents to provide feedback on frequent fixed response assignments and on projects or essay response assignments. A distance feedback system depends upon carefully planned, written assignments; specified evaluation criteria; and technology. It includes documentation, progress tracking, standardized responses based upon the specified evaluation criteria, and multiple assessments during the course. The proposed feedback system accommodates technological limitations yet provides useful feedback to facilitate distant student learning. The system could be adapted to benefit students enrolled in traditional instruction. A description of the feedback system components follows a brief introduction to instructional feedback and feedback levels and functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272016
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic information planning and campus information systems development in Indonesia (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University strategic planning for information systems and management was investigated for four Indonesian higher educational institutions. A combination of the case study approach and a survey of a small sample of academic staff who have used the systems, was undertaken. Staff perceptions of the service from information systems are described, and related to their perceptions of planning for these systems. A number of evaluations of specific information sources and delivery are given in detail. Policy document analysis showed little information systems planning as part of the university strategic planning. Some observations are made about the influence of strategic information system planning upon successful use of a university's information systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multimedia modules for enhancing technical laboratory sessions (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University students often enter physical laboratory sessions with minimal knowledge of the experiments to be conducted and little or no understanding of the underlying concepts that govern the investigations. As a result, lab time is used inefficiently; motivated students lose interest and routine procedures are followed with minimal learning. The authors have developed a set of multimedia modules meant to enhance, not replace, the technical laboratory experience. The modules are akin to well-conceived laboratory manuals applying multimedia tools, such as digital images and video clips, to better prepare the students for upcoming laboratory sessions. The modules are accessible through the Internet and include mechanisms for exchanging information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281241
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The library and you: curriculum integrated library instruction via the WWW (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: As an instructional medium, the World Wide Web offers a multitude of options for educators. This paper highlights the design, implementation and use of the WWW to provide and evaluate library instruction including: a curriculum- integrated tutorial for learning online resources, critical thinking and other information literacy skills; "Ask a librarian" e-mail reference service; a multi-user object-oriented environment (MOO) for real-time course-integrated instruction and synchronous reference service.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272034
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The essentials of effective online instruction (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 104-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the steps necessary to design an effective online course. Four essential steps are identified and considered: defining course objectives, providing access to information resources, developing and implementing effective learning strategies, and providing timely, context-specific feedback and motivational support to students. The aim of effective online course design is to produce a network learning environment in which students are able to construct progressively more adequate models of a targeted knowledge domain and acquire competence in using them in real-life situations. In order to accomplish this aim, technology must be used wisely, in pedagogically sound ways, within the context of a supportive institutional infrastructure, and in a manner that avoids some common obstacles to effective online learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281269
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dear WWW: interacting with the public through the World Wide Web (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: For many educational institutions the World Wide Web has become a major avenue of communication with its constituencies. Students, potential students, faculty, staff, people at other institutions and the general public are all directing their questions to the e-mail address www@institution.edu The personnel that receive this mail are often ill-prepared for the quantity and variety of questions that arrive. This paper examines the evolution of this problem over the first four years of UC Davis' use of the Web, and presents some of the strategies that have proven useful for managing this onslaught.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289865
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of virtual reality support compared to video support in a high-school world geography class (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Virtual reality (VR) is a new computational paradigm that redefines the interface between human and computer. VR may result in a significant improvement over traditional instruction because it is not only an interactive multimedia tool but also a learning environment that is extremely close to reality. Yet there have been few empirical studies on the use of VR compared to that of other computerized or non-computerized educational tools. Examines VR both in different scenarios and for different applications in learning and teaching. The evaluation plan reported here addresses one aspect of such an assessment specifically ± the effect of VR support compared to that of video support in tenth graders' learning of world geography. One world geography course (N = 36) selected for this experiment was composed of five units. A rotation treatment was used, each group using VR for two units and videos for two units; in addition, one unit was optional for every student. Three procedures were used for data collection and analysis: to determine the effect of VR support, competency tests were administered; to determine student attitudinal responses toward VR, students were required to complete a survey and be interviewed; and to determine the tendency of returning to VR, students were given the option of attending the VR lab. This investigation was limited in several respects (e.g. data from a sample of students in a single class may not be representative of the population).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281250
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human side of campus computing (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the effect that campus-based systems have on institutional culture. Strategic planning and decisions regarding information technology (IT), one of the few things that touches every member and unit on campus, needs to consider how IT changes the very culture of the institution. Major changes impact not only those directly involved in its development and use, but non-users as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289883
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecrire La Fontaine: technology for reading literature (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Today, foreign language teaching can find important resources in technology, the Internet, etc.; but how the teaching of foreign literature, or literature in general, might benefit from technology remains a more open question. The project "Writing La Fontaine" seeks to complement the traditional practice of literary imitation with technology that facilitates writing and peer-editing. The project allows for detailed study of the literary text and may provide a possible model for the use of technology in the teaching of literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289919
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creation and evolution of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the development of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community. Includes such topics as collection development policies, tailoring the site to a specific audience, staff motivation, and site design. Discusses successes, failures and modifications during the first two years of the project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289928
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using an Internet-based distance learning model to teach introductory finance (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 136-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on the development of an Internet-based distance learning model for teaching the introductory finance course in the Finance Department at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), America's newest institution of higher education which opened in August 1997. An important component of the mission of FGCU is the incorporation of technology and the needs of the regional community into curriculum design. The department felt it was important to develop a separate Internet-based course as an alternative to the traditional in-class introductory finance course. In this Internet-based course students are required to participate in a "boot camp" for the first few weeks, which covers only the most complex aspects of the course. After this initial period, the course is completely Web-based in design. The Web page for this course, located at http://www.tmag.com/sgarrison/courses/fin3240d/index.html, contains a variety of pedagogical materials to help students learn and comprehend course content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289892
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    If you build it, will they come? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how a core group of faculty built the Lucid Chemistry Web Site over four years and how students in large first and second year chemistry courses have started to use it (slowly at first, and now to near 100 percent participation in some classes). The facility has been developed for use by key administrative units (Testing and Evaluation, Computer Services). Now coming to the Lucid Chemistry Web Site are roughly one-half of the chemistry department instructors and tenure-track faculty. Asks whether the task of teaching needs more "builders". Argues that more administrative involvement is needed with material creation and distribution. Will more users come? Yes, 100 percent participation by both teachers and students is a possibility. Mechanisms for achieving this goal are explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910299909
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer cost differences for traditional and Internet markets (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 82-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper we address research issues related to the economics of electronic, Internet-based markets. First, what are the consumer cost-based differences for traditional and electronic markets? Second, what revenue implications does increased electronic market utilization have for sellers and transaction intermediaries? Based on an empirical, survey-based study of an electronic market in the sports trading card industry we find that prices, search costs, and sales taxes are lower in the electronic markets, while risk costs, distribution costs, and market costs are lower in traditional markets. We discuss the implications this has for seller, intermediary and government revenue sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264819
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corporate Web sites in traditional print advertisements (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This study attempts to better understand how marketers are creating bridges between traditional advertising and the Internet. As such, it describes the Web presence in print advertisement. A content analysis of 1,249 ads in 20 magazines found: 42 percent included Web addresses; Business Week ads were most likely to include Web addresses; 98 percent of print advertisements for autos included Web addresses, while office equipment advertisements (including computer ads) included Web addresses only 10 percent of the time; and that 68 percent of Web sites were used to develop a database of potential customers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264846
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The changing role of community networks in providing citizen access to the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 100-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article examines the changing role of community network associations or "freenets" in providing Internet access by examining the case of the Calgary Community Network Association (CCNA) located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The changing role of the CCNA is examined against the backdrop of the withdrawal of states from the telecommunications field, the priorities of the Canadian government, and the role of the private sector. Community networks may ultimately focus on persons who do not have computers, while advertising supported services may attract those with computers who may not wish or cannot afford to pay a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264855
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Going with the flow: Web sites and customer involvement (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper investigates a structure of commercial Web sites, and then attempts to analyse various patterns that emerge which may be of future use as a guideline to businesses that intend establishing a Web presence. Key to the understanding of these patterns is a clearer grasp of the implications of human interaction with the new medium. The focus is on an experiential construct, namely flow, and how this might vary by Web site, and on using this to begin to unravel the secrets of good commercial Web site design and its implications for business.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264873
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Searching the Web: a survey of EXCITE users (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Web search services are now a major source of information for a growing number of people. We need to know more about how users search Web search engines to improve the effectiveness of their information retrieval. This paper reports results from a major study exploring users' information searching behavior on the EXCITE Web search engine. The study is the first to investigate Web users' successive searching behavior as they conduct related searches
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264882
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Evaluating domestic and international Web-site strategies (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 297-308 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper presents the AIPD approach to the evaluation of commercial Web sites within or across borders. The author explains how benchmarking techniques can be used to compare attracting, informing, positioning, and delivering (AIPD) strategies of Web sites in order to clarify strategic opportunities or advantages. The AIPD model is then used to compare the Internet strategies of some Japanese and American banks. Results show that Japanese banks have created more dynamic and content rich Internet environments than their American counterparts. Cultural and institutional differences are given for the contrasting approaches to Web design, information and service delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286842
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  • 26
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    Telecommunication and information infrastructures in the Botswana and SADC development strategy (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 287-296 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: By 2016, Botswana aspires to triple its 1994 per capita income and to completely diversify its economic base. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) objectives, as spelt out in the SADC Policy document, emphasise the attainment of enhanced development and economic growth, poverty alleviation, and support of the socially disadvantaged through regional integration. Since telecommunications have long been recognised as the engine for economic growth, the aspirations of SADC and Botswana are consistent with the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications, and Metrology, which aims at developing a reliable, efficient, vibrant, consumer-driven telecommunications sector. We examine the focus of the World Bank and the International Telecommunications Union, in global telecommunications development. We then discuss the efforts of Botswana and other SADC states in ensuring that they take advantage of the private sector finances to build reliable, sophisticated public telecommunications networks for entry into the Global Information Infrastructure (GII).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286824
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  • 27
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    The authors of academic library home pages: their identity, training and dissemination of Web construction skills (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 309-319 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article reports on a study designed to identify the authors of academic library home pages and to investigate the nature of their training and their use of newly-acquired Web design skills. The major finding of the study is that librarians more often than non-librarians are assuming the responsibility for writing home pages for academic libraries in very large public colleges and universities. In addition to professional identity, factors such as length of service to an institution, current job title, and prior education play a role in determining the likelihood that an individual will write the home page for his or her employing library. Learning the skills needed to write a home page requires time for training. Institutional support for training is considered vital and well worth the investment because training is very often disseminated beyond the home page authors. Teaching others Web construction skills is one of the ways library home page authors most frequently apply their newly acquired abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286833
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  • 28
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    Electronic courses: old wine in new bottles? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 339-347 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Offerings of electronic courses and degrees are growing at a surprising rate. Some have surmised that E courses represent the future for higher education and that the traditional university may soon be a relic of the past: do E courses represent a significant improvement over traditional pedagogy for educating students? In this context, 305 questionnaires were sent by e-mail to accounting chairpersons in the USA. A total of 94 usable responses was received. Nearly 65 per cent of the respondents indicated that E courses are simply correspondence courses presented with new technology. Those who view E courses as correspondence courses are more negative on offering E courses in university programs or offering degrees through the completion of only E courses. They are also more restrictive with E courses, favoring the proctoring of exams and requiring students to come to campus as part of the E course. Additionally, they tended to agree that "the student-to-student and the student-to-instructor interaction that are missing in E courses makes them less valuable to the student." Instead of viewing E courses and E degrees as the "university of the future", they see them as adjuncts to university programs just as correspondence courses have been for decades.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297741
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    An analysis of fraud on the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 348-360 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the issue of fraud on the Internet and discusses three areas with significant potential for misleading and fraudulent practices, namely: securities sales and trading; electronic commerce; and the rapid growth of Internet companies. The first section of the paper discusses securities fraud on the Internet. Activities that violate US securities laws are being conducted through the Internet, and the US Securities and Exchange Commission has been taking steps to suppress these activities. The second section of the paper discusses fraud in electronic commerce. The rapid growth of electronic commerce, and the corresponding desire on the part of consumers to feel secure when engaging in electronic commerce, has prompted various organizations to develop mechanisms to reduce concerns about fraudulent misuse of information. It is questionable, however, whether these mechanisms can actually reduce fraud in electronic commerce. The third section of the paper discusses the potential for fraud arising from the rapid growth of Internet companies, often with little economic substance and lacking traditional management and internal controls. The paper examines the three areas of potential Internet fraud mentioned above and suggest ways in which these abuses may be combated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297750
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    Mobile agents for Web-based systems management (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 360-371 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The increasing dimension and heterogeneity of global Web systems make their management with tools based on the client/server model more difficult. The mobile agent technology overcomes the limits of traditional approaches and proposes solutions that are suitable for the management of distributed and heterogeneous Internet-based systems. The paper describes the MAMAS environment and its implementation with a mobile agent technology. MAMAS has the goals of monitoring the whole system, introducing dynamic corrective actions and modifying system policies at run-time. MAMAS achieves these objectives by answering the guidelines of both security and compliance to standards. The choice of Java as the implementation language has made it possible to achieve portability, to exploit the language security features, and to provide Web accessibility. The MAMAS compliance with CORBA ensures interoperability with legacy management platforms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297769
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    Security implications of electronic commerce: a survey of consumers and businesses (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 372-382 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the general requirement for security technologies in order to provide a basis for trust in the e-commerce environment. The discussion is supported by the findings from two surveys, conducted by the authors, among general Internet users (i.e. potential target consumers) and commercial businesses. These surveys considered both the attitudes to e-commerce in general and opinions relating to the associated security requirements. Attempts were also made to assess the respondent's knowledge of the existing security safeguards that may be applied. The survey results suggest that, while there is significant concern among Internet-based consumers regarding the security of their purchasing activities, these are outweighed by the merits offered by the medium. The results also suggested a lack of awareness or understanding of the security technologies that are available and it is concluded that overcoming this problem would help to establish a wider foundation of trust in the new technology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297778
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    Benchmarking: a tool for Web site evaluation and improvement (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 383-392 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although benchmarking has touched many areas of an organization, including information systems, very few examples are available on how this powerful methodology can be used to specifically address one of the fastest growing elements within information systems - the World Wide Web. This paper presents a case study on how benchmarking was used to determine how one organization's Web site compared to Web sites of related schools and professional organizations. The results of the benchmarking study provided a measure of how our Web site compares to the sites of related organizations, ideas on how we may further enhance our site, and also a way to regularly evaluate our site.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297787
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    The value of using students as participants in educational software development: differentiated outcomes within an open learning environment (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Not enough attention has been given to the psychological and educational value of student participation. Provides an overview and some answers derived from a project on guided design and development of interactive multimedia learning environments. Shows the relevant trends in modern education as well as the psychological relation and benefits to the learners and the institution. The time has come to use the challenges of design in a constructivist fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910300799
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    Security aspects of an enterprise-wide network architecture (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 8-15 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Two main areas of activity can be identified in the field of network security: the local area network and the common point between networks. Presents an overview of two projects concerning the above-mentioned areas. While the first will concern security architectures based on active firewall components, the second presents a secure intranet solution. The combination of active firewall components with the DMZ concept can translate a security policy into reality and will result in a high level security firewall system. One of the most important security problems in an intranet is to ensure that every user has access only to the information which is relevant for his/her work. In our project this is solved using role-dependent information access for each user.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251264
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    Architectures for secure portable executable content (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 16-24 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Java programming language supports the concept of downloadable executable content; a key technology in a wide range of emerging applications including collaborative systems, electronic commerce, and Web information services. Java enables the execution of a program, on almost any modern computer regardless of hardware configuration and operating system. Safe-Tcl was proposed as an executable content type of MIME and thus as the standard language for executable contents within e-mail messages. However, the ability to download, integrate, and execute code from a remote computer, provided by both Java and Safe-Tcl, introduces serious security risks since it enables a malicious remote program to obtain unauthorised access to the downloading system's resources. In this paper, the two proposed security models are described in detail and the efficiency and flexibility of current implementations are evaluated in a comparative manner. Finally, upcoming extensions are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251273
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    Strategies for content migration on the World Wide Web (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 25-34 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The World Wide Web has experienced explosive growth as a content delivery mechanism, delivering hypertext files and static media content in a standardised way. However, this content has been unable to interact with other content, making the Web a distribution system rather than a distributed system. This is changing, however, as distributed component architectures are being adapted to work with the Web's architecture. This paper tracks the development of the Web as a distributed platform, and highlights the potential to employ an often neglected feature of distributed computing: migration. Argues that all content on the Web, be it static images or distributed components, should be free to migrate according to either the policy of the server, or the content itself. The requirements of such a content migration mechanism are described, and an overview of a new migration mechanism, currently being developed by the authors, is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251318
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    Distriblets: Java-based distributed computing on the Web (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 35-40 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a system for using the World Wide Web to distribute computational tasks to multiple hosts on the Web. A programmer with a computation to distribute registers it with a Web server. An idle host uses this server to identify available computations and downloads a Java class to perform the computation - we call this class a distriblet. The paper describes the programs written to carry out the load distribution, the structure of a distriblet class, and our experience in using this system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251327
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    Managing large WWW sites (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 41-48 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The trend towards ever-larger WWW sites with hundreds of thousands of pages maintained by teams of developers has made apparent the need for tools to manage such large-scale efforts. In this paper we present a mechanism for organising and manipulating groups of nodes and links in WWW sites. These constructs are used to create dynamic views of the data in a given site according to various organisational and presentational criteria. Moreover, proven techniques for the management of hypertext networks (e.g. versioning, variants, etc.) can be readily implemented through the use of this model. Additionally, the model allows the creation of user views through the combination of these constructs via a number of operations. After the description of our model we present a prototype system developed at the University of Geneva that demonstrates how the mechanisms included in our model can be integrated into an existing http server. We then examine how the same mechanisms can be employed in the management of large WWW sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251354
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    Multimedia applications in heterogeneous Internet/ATM environments (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 49-57 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: New application types such as distributed multimedia applications have to provide a certain quality of service (QoS) to the users. Since they handle time-critical information such as audio and video data, they need appropriate support from the system components and especially from the network. New protocols and mechanisms have been developed over recent years to offer integrated services by serving both discrete media data (such as text and graphics) and continuous-media data (i.e. audio and video) in digital networks. Internet and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) are the main players in this area and both possess QoS architectures which allow them to integrate services of data- and tele- communications formerly performed by separate infrastructures. We believe that both will co-exist for a significant amount of time, potentially complemented by other, perhaps simpler, approaches which are currently under investigation, such as differentiated services. Therefore, an interaction between these two architectures is necessary. In this paper, we discuss interaction approaches for the QoS architectures developed for the Internet and for ATM. We base this description on requirements and scenarios of multimedia applications and on the possible communication patterns considering different topological variants for heterogeneous Internet-ATM networks.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251363
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    Mechanisms of component-oriented software development (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 66-75 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Componentware is a new paradigm in software development that is based on the concept of a software component. Software components are self-contained, immutable units of software which can be distributed over large networks or even over the Internet. The distribution of software components requires new, Internet-based search and retrieval mechanisms. A set of collaborating software components is called componentware. We discuss the architectural requirements and mechanisms of componentware, a technical realisation of a componentware architecture, and identify obstacles in building componentware. Finally, we propose possible solutions for the realisation of componentware and componentware architectures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251381
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    Mobile access to the Internet: a mediator-based solution (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 58-65 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Nomadicity is a new challenge for computing and communication technologies. Modern cellular telephone systems extend the usability of portable personal computers enormously. A nomadic user can be given ubiquitous access to remote information stores and computing services. However, the behaviour of wireless links creates severe inconveniences within the traditional data communication paradigm. In this paper we give an overview of the problems related to wireless mobility. We also present a new software architecture for mastering the problems and discuss a new paradigm for designing mobile distributed applications. The key idea in the architecture is to place a mediator, a distributed intelligent agent, between the mobile node and the wireline network.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251372
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    Educational superhighways - in the public or private interest? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 225-231 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers the world-wide emergence of "educational superhighway" policies: government programmes aiming to connect school systems to the Internet - and explores their relevance to education. By examining the key actors and motives behind educational Internet initiatives the paper argues that such policies are primarily economically not educationally driven. The implications of this are then considered in the light of increasing global information priorities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274629
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    Enhancing the quality of low bit-rate real-time Internet communication services (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 212-224 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet environment, with its packet-switched network and lack of resource reservation mechanisms, has made the delivery of low bit-rate real-time communication services particularly difficult and challenging. The high potential transmission delay and data packet loss under varying network conditions will lead to unpleasant and unintelligible audio and jerky video play-out. The Internet TCP/IP protocol suite can be extended with new mechanisms in an attempt to tackle such problems. In this research, an integrated transmission mechanism that incorporates a number of existing techniques to enhance the quality and deliver "acceptable" real-time services is proposed. These techniques include the use of data compression, data buffering, dynamic rate control, packet lost replacement, silence deletion and virtual video play-out mechanism. The proposed transmission mechanism is designed as a generic communication system so that it can be used in different systems and conditions. This approach has been successfully implemented and demonstrated using three separate systems that include the Internet Phone, WebVideo and video-conferencing tool.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274610
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    The knowledge continuum - organizing for research and scholarly communication (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 232-242 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Office of Information Services (OIS) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is undergoing a major organizational transition to function as a cohesive unit under the concept of the knowledge continuum. The concept is based on the premise that the processes which contribute to the creation of new knowledge in the research environment form part of a continuum which has no beginning and no end. Thus, it concludes that the knowledge continuum is best served by an organizational structure which extends its contribution and role in the scholarly process of research to produce and disseminate results which benefit scholarly communication. The knowledge continuum assesses the various elements that contribute to scholarly communication and seeks to provide a continuum of support services whereby the identification, absorption, utilization, and manipulation of existing knowledge merge with the organization, creation, and dissemination of new knowledge. This case study analyzes the application of the concept of the knowledge continuum, through the use of Internet technology, and the resulting organizational implications and conclusions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274638
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    Digital signature management (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 262-271 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Digital Signature Project (ELU-project) is coordinated by the STUZZA, a subsidiary of the leading Austrian business banks. The aim of the project is to establish an infrastructure for applying smart card-based digital signatures in banking and electronic commerce applications. One important requirement is to conform to all relevant international standards to ensure interoperability in case of a later connection to an international certification infrastructure. One part of the infrastructure is a public directory in the form of an LDAP-server from which the X.509v3 certificates of the public signature keys can be retrieved. To provide for integrity, strong data authenticity and non-repudiation of all directory information it was important to apply some security features that have not been standardized for LDAP yet. In this way the user can be sure that he is talking to the trusted directory when retrieving certificates and certificate-related information. In this paper we give an overview of the project and some insights into some of the interesting parts of the system specification and design.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286725
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    A study of student perspectives on Web-based learning: WebCT in the classroom (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 393-408 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: WebCT has been used to support traditional teaching techniques for the entire 1997-98, and half of the 1998-99, academic years. It was used within the structure of over 60 courses (enrolling a total of more than 1,000 students) in the English, Theology, Modern Languages, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Management Information Systems, Law, Pharmacy, Medicine, and Business programs. Concerned with the impact WebCT might have within a traditionally oriented liberal arts teaching environment, the author explored the views of the students, rather than the faculty and system administrators, who were required to use the WebCT tools in their classes. Data from students addressing the use of WebCT in their classes are now available for three full semesters, providing an expanded assessment over earlier findings. The ramifications of the use of WebCT as a course adjunct and course presentation tool are addressed based upon the data collected from Creighton University students over the past 18 months of WebCT use.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297796
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    Jamaica: a World Wide Web profiler (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 129-139 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet has caused an information explosion and created a need to efficiently determine the relevance of information. This paper describes a system named Jamaica, which profiles the interest of a Web surfer. Jamaica searches desired information using different search engines. The hits are verified to eradicate erroneous links and duplicated documents. Refinement is carried out to customize and rank the results. Jamaica is built on a client-server architecture, achieving a compact, independent information profiler. Results of an evaluation carried out against a number of commercial search engines are shown to illustrate that Jamaica is able to obtain more relevant information compared to a single search engine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264891
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    A knowledge-based approach to domain-specialized information agents (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 140-152 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Finding specific information on the Web can be difficult and time-consuming due to the Web's tremendous size and the current speed of network connections. Information agents that search the Web on behalf of users are invaluable. Since information needs are diverse, there should be tools for users to build their own agents that specialize in finding the information they want. These tools should be usable by non-programmers. This paper describes ARIS, a shell for constructing information agents without coding. Our approach is akin to expert system shells, where the user supplies the knowledge for each specialist agent, and a common engine utilizes the agents' knowledge. An agent's search is guided by knowledge about how Web sites in a given domain are typically structured. We also report on our experiences with two agents built using ARIS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264909
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    Perceptions of the Internet: what people think when they search the Internet for information (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 187-199 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The study described in this article aimed to gather insights into what people think when they search the Internet for information. The premise is that people relate to information services and systems metaphorically. In other words, they identify the system or service as analogous to something perhaps more mundane or commonplace. These are known as wild metaphors. They help to explain the unknown or unfamiliar and help us to learn new things. They arise from our individual beliefs and backgrounds but they are also inevitably influenced by our collective experience of contemporary media characterisations of the Internet. This study relates the analogies that academics in Australia report for the Internet with the satisfaction that they derive from information seeking on the network. It provides some insight into how academics in Australia perceive the Internet when they use it to search for information.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274575
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    Semantic processing performance of Internet machine translation systems (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet has the potential to facilitate understanding across cultures and languages by removing the physical barriers to intercultural communication. One possible contributor to this development has been the recent release of freely-available automated direct machine translation systems, such as AltaVista with SYSTRAN, which translates from English to five other European languages (French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese), and vice versa. However, concerns have recently been raised over the performance of these systems, and the potential for confusion that can be created when the intended meaning of sentences is not correctly translated (i.e. semantic processing errors). In this paper, we use an iterative paradigm to examine errors associated with interlingual divergence in meaning arising from the automated machine translation of English proverbs. The need for the development of Web-based translation systems, which have an explicit cross-linguistic representation of meaning for successful intercultural communication, is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910265025
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    The Internet as a "virtual cultural region": are extant cultural classification schemes appropriate? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 178-186 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the concept of the Internet as a virtual cultural region with its own demographics and psychographics. Longitudinal studies of the changing make up of Internet users have been running for much of the 1990s and market intelligence companies have been applying their proprietary segmentation models to this data and also creating new models specifically for the Internet. At a more sociological level, what are the cultural norms and cutoms of the population of the Internet cultural region? This paper complements the market intelligence research by an investigation into the applicability of cultural classification schemes as exemplified by Hofstede with a view to information extant and prospective Internet involvement. Finally, practical recommendations are made in order to reduce the risk of activities likely to cause irritation of and non-response from this burgeoning new market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274566
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    Webmasters as mass media gatekeepers: a qualitative exploratory study (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 200-211 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Eight college and university Webmasters in three midwestern states were interviewed to explore their communications practices and activities by applying a traditional mass media gatekeeping perspective. The results suggest that gatekeeping theory is a valuable approach for studying individuals responsible for the mediation of messages in the emerging online media. Webmasters' personal characteristics and attitudes were found to influence their media content decisions, they share common values used to determine content and design, and they face a variety of organizational and related constraints, some exclusive to Web gatekeepers in an academic setting. Examples of gatekeeping activity and observations by the informants are presented, and suggestions for future research are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274601
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    The marketing of gambling on the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: It is estimated that gambling on the Internet will be worth as much as $3bn by 2001. Gambling via interactive technology is already underpinned by two recent changes in consumer behaviour. First, increasing familiarisation with interactive technology and second, by changes in the way the gambling market operates. These already changing behaviour patterns, signal the success drivers on which gambling on the internet can build. The implications of this new leisure consumption pattern are discussed and the paper concludes that the synergy between marketing gambling and technology will transform the production and consumption of gambling.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286798
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    The Internet and the independence of individuals with disabilities (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 272-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This study examines the role of the Internet and its usage on the level of perceived independence among people with physical disabilities. A questionnaire was posted on the Internet as well as distributed to two associations. It was answered by 24 people with physical disabilities who use the Internet, and 22 people with physical disabilities who do not use the Internet. The results of the two groups were compared. It was found that an increase in the number of Internet services used positively influences the perceived level of independence among individuals with physical disabilities. This was particularly true for independence related to the fields of employment and learning. The various Internet services used do not impact the same components of independence to the same degree. The usage of the World Wide Web and Telnet particularly benefits independence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286743
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    Power, influence and intranet implementation: A safari of South African organizations (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 333-358 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Intranets hold great promise as "organizational Internets" to allow information sharing and collaboration across departments, functions and different information systems within an organization. Yet not much is known about how to implement intranets. We adapt a taxonomy based on institutional theory and distinguish six broad diffusion drivers that might be considered to sustain the implementation process. An exploratory field study of four intranet implementations was conducted to analyze which drivers were used and the results that were yielded. We draw several conclusions. First, all six drivers were deployed in the analyzed cases. Second, the choice of drivers varied with the level of the intranet (corporate or unit), the implementation stage, and existing organizational practices and contingencies. Third, it seems that the critical drivers are knowledge building, subsidy and mobilization in the early stages of implementation. In the later stages knowledge deployment, subsidy and innovation directives were most commonly used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301630
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    The office tyrant - social control through e-mail (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 27-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The changing role of technology in the virtual workplace has been accompanied by a proliferation of research activity focusing initially on the technical aspects and, more recently, on the social and political aspects of the diffusion process, including power and politics. This paper builds on the work of Kling and Markus on power and politics in IT, extending it to e-mail and more specifically, to the use of e-mail for petty tyranny. Reviews the literature on petty tyranny and its implications to IT and e-mail. Presents a case study in which e-mail was used by a department chair to manipulate, control, and coerce employees. The discussion links the events in the case with the literature on petty tyranny. In conclusion, demonstrates that e-mail features make it amenable to political abuse and elaborates on the more general, theoretical, practical and ethical implications from this research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250510
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    Toward a framework for action research in information systems studies (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 148-176 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Based on recent reviews regarding its use in information systems (IS) studies, this paper argues that action research is still not well recognized by IS researchers and mainstream IS journals especially in North America. To make the situation worse, existing criteria used to assess the quality of action research studies are found to be inadequate when applied to IS. In order to advance its understanding and use by IS researchers and practitioners, the IS action research framework proposed recently by Lau is refined and presented as a set of guidelines in this paper. The implications of this refined framework on IS research and practice are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267206
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    The moving staircase - Problems of appraisal and evaluation in a turbulent environment (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 238-252 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper considers the problems of evaluating the benefits of an investment in information technology and systems against a background of institutional change. It is based on a case study in the National Health Service and follows the progress of a project to introduce benefits realisation in NHS Trusts. The case illustrates the importance of personal, hands-on attention to benefits management and calls attention to the different contingencies faced by managers in attempting to introduce evaluation or benefits realisation schemes. It concludes that, where managers face "certain" contingencies, formative evaluation will be beneficial, but where the contingencies are uncertain, structural changes in the organisation may be more effective in achieving benefits. The paper ends with a plea for evaluation activities to be re-integrated into their organisational context.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278196
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    Patterns of improvisation for evidence-based practice in clinical settings (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 287-303 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes our experiences from a two-year research study to introduce evidence-based practice (EBP) through a set of electronic information tools into two Canadian health regions. The improvisational model of technological change by Orlikowski and Hofman (1997) is used to provide the conceptual foundations for understanding the pattern of evolution associated with the tools observed in these two settings over time. Key areas to consider when changing practice identified from this study are time availability, intended use, adequate training, clinical champions, work practice fit, system refinement, around-the-clock support and environment influence. Health organizations should also distinguish anticipated, emergent and opportunistic changes and improvise accordingly when introducing EBP information tools in a setting that is characteristically complex, dynamic and unpredictable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278547
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    EC of groceries for elderly and disabled: A comparison of alternative service models (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 389-402 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Increased demand for organized home help for elderly and disabled people and parallel budget cuts of social care require new efficient solutions to save home-helpers' time and ensure the current quality of provided services. A number of trials for renewing grocery purchasing process as a part of home help for the elderly and disabled have lately been initiated in Finland. In all but one of these trials electronic commerce (EC) services are included in the purchase process. In this article we compare these trials using the time efficiency of home-helpers as a primary criterion. Using electronic order delivery gives even additional benefits, releasing the home-helper from the need to visit the grocery store. The Full EC Model would be the best solution. However, it might not be feasible for most customers, who do not necessarily have the technology or ability to use it. Therefore, the intermediary based EC seems to be most suitable for this customer group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301649
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    Beef producers online: diffusion theory applied (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 71-85 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Members of an Australian beef producer group have become users of electronic communication as a precursor to fuller engagement in electronic commerce. The research team's immediate aim was to assist this group to become effective users of the Internet. In addition, using interpretive methods of enquiry, aims to provide a basis from which subsequent wider usage of the Internet in the red meat industry could be enabled. Presents data from the project using diffusion theory as a framework, with rich description to allow for further interpretation of the views of all parties. The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250556
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    Issues in the multi-disciplinary assessment of healthcare information systems (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 253-275 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Considers the problems of a multi-disciplinary team working together to understand and evaluate a healthcare information system, which itself is situated in a complex organisational and political environment. Provides general discussion of problems faced by evaluators of such systems. Describes this specific evaluation project (Electronic Patient Records in the UK National Health Service), gives an account of the evaluation process as it occurred, highlights some of the problems encountered, and discusses attempts to overcome these. Suggests that social, organisational and political factors are inherent in all such research enterprises, and that in order to facilitate a rich understanding of complex systems, these factors must also be considered as part of the research data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278277
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    Making sense of group support systems facilitation: a reflective practice perspective (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 86-112 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Reports part of a grounded theory study in which 15 facilitators, already experienced in conventional meetings, were trained to become facilitators of face-to-face electronic meetings. Presents a model - "Active reflection" - of the reflective practice processes used by the trainee facilitators. Active reflection is a term which describes the trainees' accounts of the two complementary action reflection processes: reflection on action (thinking back on what was done) and reflection in action (thinking about the action while one is doing it). Identifies a number of implications for group support systems facilitation training and practice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250565
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    More on myth, magic and metaphor: Cultural insights into the management of information technology in organizations (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 192-218 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Much research on information technology (IT) emphasizes the rational aspects of IT use. However, cultural analyses have considered IT as a symbolic artifact open to social interpretation. This article presents findings from ethnographic studies of two large insurance organizations to illustrate how cultural assumptions about IT are implicated in IT management. We employ the metaphor of magic as an interpretive lens to generate five archetypes of IT culture: the revered, controlled, demystified, integrated, and fearful IT cultures. Each of these archetypal cultural patterns reflects different assumptions about the "magic" of IT and the "wizards" who control its powers. These patterns are similar to social responses to the unknown that have been found in human cultures for hundreds of years. The metaphor itself was drawn from the language of the two organizations. All five archetypes were manifest in both of the companies studied, suggesting that organizations do not necessarily develop unified symbolic meanings of IT. Although separately each archetype invites novel insights into the management of IT in organizations, together they reveal even deeper interpretations consistent with contemporary theories of cultural differentiation and fragmentation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267251
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    Trying to improve communication and collaboration with information technology: An action research project which failed (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 317-332 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the use of information technology to facilitate communication and collaboration. In this action research project a groupware product called Lotus NotesTM was implemented to facilitate communication and collaboration amongst the senior management team. Although there was a real need for change, and the project received strong support from senior management on the basis that it would enable radical changes in coordination within the workgroup, these radical changes did not occur. The authors analyse the reasons for failure, and suggest that the project failed because of institutional forces which inhibited dramatic changes in work habits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301621
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    Themes in early requirements gathering: The case of the analyst, the client and the student assistance scheme (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 44-70 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the qualitative analysis of a case study of analyst-client communications using grounded theory and themed analyses. Describes in detail the interaction that took place between an analyst and a client in a public sector agency in Tasmania, Australia. Uses a theatrical metaphor to give a representation that encompasses chronological and contextual aspects, providing an immediacy that enables the reader to appreciate how the interaction developed over time. Using concepts derived from the use of grounded theory techniques, demonstrates how these concepts and themes operated in this particular case. Concludes with a general discussion of themes and contextual influences as they occur in the case of the student assistance scheme and other cases studied by the author.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250547
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    Social control in information systems development (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 130-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines sources of control over information system development decisions. Although past research has examined sources of internal organizational control that were solely determined by technical/rational goals, this article analyzes the symbolic role of social institutions in exerting control over system development decisions. Three regulatory mechanisms, developed by institutional theorists, are used to explain how specific social institutions exert their control. The mechanisms of coercive isomorphism, mimetic isomorphism and normative isomorphism help illustrate the types of social forces that enhance similarity of systems across organizations. Three conditions also are identified which moderate these effects: dependence on external institutions having control over an organization's resources; unclear performance standards for system development; and interaction patterns during development. These conditions imply that social control would differ greatly according to whether the major influences on the process of system development arise from within the organization or are imposed from external institutions. The examination of symbolic/institutional forces in system development is useful in both the evaluation of system effectiveness and the assessment of the "appropriateness" of managerial interventions in the process. Future research should empirically examine these manifestations of social control and their influence on system development decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267189
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    Organisational change mediated by e-mail and Intranet: An ethnographic study (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 9-26 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Reports preliminary results from an ethnographic study of a consultative process in an Australian university during 1997. By providing a "virtual discussion forum" an organisational support system (OSS), based on e-mail and Intranet, was expected to enable equal participation in the consultative process, freedom of expression ("everybody will have their say and will be heard") and to contribute to more participative and consensus-based decision making. The analysis of data collected (messages, documents, interviews, notes) suggests that the OSS was not used uniformly across the institution by departments, groups and individuals. Different modes of use of the OSS identified related to contextual features, such as democratic versus authoritarian management traditions, the sharing of power versus authority of power, the culture of consultation versus obedience to superiors. It was found that these contextual features conditioned the modes of use and consequently the role OSS played in the process. On the other hand, it was observed how, in the course of the process, the OSS affected these contextual factors themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250484
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    The fiction of methodological development: a field study of information systems development (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 176-191 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes the findings of a field study that explores the process of information systems (IS) development in a large organization. The paper argues that traditional IS development methodologies are treated primarily as a necessary fiction to present an image of control or to provide a symbolic status, and are too mechanistic to be of much use in the detailed, day-to-day organization of systems developers' activities. By drawing on the insights gained from this study, the paper outlines some implications for IS development methodologies. A secondary purpose of the paper is to illustrate the use of an "ecological" research approach to IS development as advocated by Shneiderman and Carroll.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267224
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    Need to know; allowed to know - The health care professional and electronic confidentiality (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 276-286 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper deals with a problem relevant to the development and use of the Electronic Patient Record, and in particular looks forward to the time when such records are shared between large numbers of health carers. It asks questions concerning decision-making about how much of the health care record an individual Health Care Practitioner of any stated specialism (notionally in the British National Health Service, but generally applicable) should be able to see of the record, in relation to his or her perceived need. The authors conclude that a Health Care Practitioner meeting the criteria for a Health Care Professional should largely determine the information he or she needs to allow the practice of good health care ("need-to-know"). On the other hand those whose work does not accord them Health Care Professional status should, where appropriate, be granted access to data by the Health Care Professionals for whom they work ("allowed-to-know"). Finally, it presents and briefly describes an object-oriented model to illustrate the authors' conclusions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278411
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    On the social implications of organizational reengineering: A phenomenological study of individual experiences of BPR processes (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 359-389 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This work employs a phenomenological approach to investigate how people experience the radical transformation of their work lives caused by reengineering (BPR) processes. The common essences of the experiences of three co-researchers are synthesized into a composite textural-structural description of the reengineering phenomenon. The analysis of the rich, multidimensional information offered by participants reveals that reengineering projects elicit complex experiences involving a multitude of horizons. In particular, the analysis suggests that, by taking the discourse of efficiency to extremes, reeengineering ends up by unveiling the conflicts inherent in the arrangements that generally characterize workplace. This proposition goes beyond the traditional belief that the basic reason for resistance in BPR projects is the fear of layoffs or the modification of power arrangements. Indeed, such factors seem to be part of the problem. It is also necessary to understand the important role of the crisis that reeengineering may generate in individuals' ongoing process of sense making.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301612
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    Integration of instructional approaches through media combination in an undergraduate information systems course (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 162-170 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reviews instructional approaches based on the use of different media to provide examples of strategies and evaluation tools for media integration. Uses an introductory information systems undergraduate course taught at the George Washington University as an example.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289900
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    Rethinking the "course" in an online world (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 186-190 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The emergence of online education creates opportunities for positive education changes centering on improved learning rather than on reaping economies of scale. We can develop online strategies for using class time more productively; courses can be arranged to correspond to the varying learning curves of different students; and degrees can be tailored to the actual competencies students achieve. Further, the online world based in hypertext and virtuality creates the possibility of providing entirely new educational materials and environments. These improvements depend on faculty seizing control of the way technology is used in education.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910300807
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    The technology caterpillar or productivity butterfly? A technological metamorphosis (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 171-175 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Represents a case study of an instructional health-care department's journey through a technological metamorphosis. Highlights the process and challenges that instructional departments undergo so as to provide guidance for those interested in bringing about a technological transformation. Explores motivations for technological change, a planning process including budget needs, assessment of infrastructure, and priority determination for direction of resources. Defines a needs assessment process, including determination of the resource needs and interest levels of administrators, faculty and students, as well as the prudence of investigating pre-existing models. Finally, addresses strategies for technological success.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910299873
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    Software testing metrics: do they have merit? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 5-10 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Project managers in information systems play a central role in the development, maintenance, and enhancement of software. Software metrics assist these managers in identifying opportunities for process improvement and help quantify software characteristics. Weaknesses in the traditional approaches to measuring reliability have led to the development of software metrics. The interpretation of software metrics can be critical to making effective responses in the management information systems' decision-making processes. This paper gives insight into the use and understanding of some software metrics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910253274
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    Defining supply chain management: a historical perspective and practical guidelines (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 11-17 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Interest in supply chain management has steadily increased since the 1980s when firms saw the benefits of collaborative relationships within and beyond their own organization. Firms are finding that they can no longer compete effectively in isolation of their suppliers or other entities in the supply chain. A number of definitions of supply chain management have been proposed in the literature and in practice. This paper defines the concept of supply chain management and discusses its historical evolution. The term does not replace supplier partnerships, nor is it a description of the logistics function. The competitive importance of linking a firm's supply chain strategy to its overall business strategy and some practical guidelines are offered for successful supply chain management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910243851
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    Information technology to support any-time, any-place team meetings in Korean organizations (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 18-24 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: The Worldwide Web has recently emerged as a highly effective technology to permit individuals to exchange and share information from around the globe. This paper investigates the applicability of the Web-based technology to the support of team meetings in Korean corporations. We first examine key cultural characteristics of Korean enterprises as they relate to the way the firms conduct team meetings, and discuss a few design issues in the context of the characteristics. We argue that the organizational culture of Korean firms calls for a merger of text-based electronic meeting support with video conferencing capability if meetings are to be productive. Ultimately, we envision an integrated team support system that meets the needs of Korean firms for collaborative tasks regardless of the time and location dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910247145
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    The new manufacturing-accounting interface (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 25-32 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Manufacturing and the manufacturing process have changed dramatically over the last ten years. The measurement and data collection systems stemming from the accounting, finance, and data processing organizations have not only resisted this change, but also, in some cases, have prevented improvements. This resistance stems primarily from outsiders' (MIS or accounting staffs, etc.) lack of understanding of the changes. Another reason for this resistance is that manufacturers are frustrated with the inconsistency (seeming lack of direction) of many of these changes. However, all manufacturers are being forced to react to some general areas of change, in spite of the on-again, off-again fads. These directions of change will be the focus of this paper. Additionally, this paper will analyze the accounting interface changes that need to be considered as a result of these trends.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910249891
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    Cultural differences encountered by firms when negotiating internationally (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 47-53 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: In this age of the global economy, negotiating across cultures is an inevitable part of doing business for firms desiring to compete internationally. What problems could cultural differences cause? Can firms from some countries or cultures do better than firms from other countries? What problems might firms from one culture encounter compared to firms from other cultures? To study these questions, cross-cultural negotiating behaviour was examined using Hofstede's criteria, to see if some firms may have a cultural competitive advantage. Assumptions about the effects of national cultures were proposed and tested, and differences between cultures were found. Additional research was also suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910261059
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  • 80
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    Implications of some of the recent improvement philosophies for the management of the information systems organization (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 33-39 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: In an uncertain and competitive environment, organizations are forced to search for philosophies to guide performance improvement efforts. The current literature has paid considerable attention to two particular philosophies - business process redesign (BPR) and total quality management (TQM). These two movements emphasize a reconfiguration of an organization's processes to increase performance that ultimately should facilitate the recuperation of the competitive posture of the organization. The literature has treated the same two approaches, however, as substitutes. No attempt has been made to pinpoint the possible synergy between the two improvement philosophies. The thrust of this paper is to present a framework that would help information systems managers understand the conceptual link between BPR and TQM and the joined implications these approaches have for the management of the information systems organization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910249594
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  • 81
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    A case study assessment of performance measurement in distribution centers (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 54-63 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Managing supply-chain operations is critical to any company's ability to compete effectively. Success in today's markets depends on the ability to balance a stream of products and processes to stay competitive. Companies are constantly evaluating every area of operations to ensure that productivity and cost objectives are realistic and attainable. Research has been carried out to investigate the measurement systems used in today's distribution centers. Five distribution centers in the Pacific Northwest were selected for this study. The characteristics of these five distribution centers and their measurement systems are discussed in this paper. A cross-case analysis is provided, which gives a view of a typical measurement system used in today's distribution centers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910261068
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  • 82
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    Groupware: a strategic analysis and implementation (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 64-70 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: The term groupware is widely used but not clearly defined. Owing to ongoing rapid developments, a consistent definition of the term has proved elusive. However, there is a good reason to view groupware as a technology that addresses the vast areas of collaboration, human-computer interaction, and human-human interaction through digital media to bring substantial improvement and transformation to organizations. This paper analyzes the definitions, implementation, and management of groupware. The focus is on the strategic considerations rather than technical solutions. Factors that contribute to the future development of groupware are also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910243879
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  • 83
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    Decision support systems research: current state and trends (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 213-221 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: This study investigates the changing intellectual structure of the decision support system (DSS) field by means of an empirical assessment of the DSS literature over two successive time periods, 1971-1990 and 1991-1995. A multivariate data analysis tool, cluster analysis, is applied to an author cocitation frequency matrix derived from a large database file of comprehensive DSS literature over the two consecutive periods. The study concludes that the core areas of DSS research have shifted to group decision support systems, model management, and design and implementation, while the study of foundations and individual differences has faded away. Moreover, DSS researchers have diversified their reference disciplines in an effort to improve their research. Influence of organization science has been diminished, while cognitive science and psychology have emerged as the most influential contributing disciplines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910253751
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  • 84
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    Project management in European Aerospace plc: a case study (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 99 (1999), S. 221-226 
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    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Over the past 20 years the competition for capital equipment sales and support has intensified world wide. Europe in particular has scored some notable sales successes for aircraft, locomotives and ships. The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of project management in European Aerospace and its necessity if further successes are to be achieved. Large and complex capital equipment can only justify their considerable investment costs whilst they are working or available for work. This means ensuring that extensive management procedures are conceived and implemented not only for production of capital equipments but to ensure their support strategy is considered at the outset. This paper examines the challenge presented, reviews initial and support philosophy including dealing with subcontractors, and offers guidance on project management performance parameters to remain successful in the global market place.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910282920
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  • 85
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    An approximation method for the optimization of continuous functions of variables by densifying their domains (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 164-180 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Most of the known optimization methods for a given continuous function f defined on a compact set H = ?i=1,..,n[ai,bi] require strong conditions on f. In the early 1980s, Cherruault proposed a method, called ALIENOR which was able to reduce the multidimensional optimization problem to another one-dimensional optimization: the optimization of the restriction fh* of f to some adequate a-dense curve h into the domain H. The characterization, the generation of such curves as well as the theoretic calculation times associated with them, have been studied previously by the authors. Their consequences and the general problem concerning the error in the approximation to global minimum of f and the minimization of the error itself, that such reduction produces, will be the subject of this paper.
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  • 86
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    Praxeology - a cybernetic application (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 141-163 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: To make decisions has long been considered an art more than a science. Today the area has been formalized under the name of praxeology and includes the use of computers as decision aids. In this paper some basic decision models are analysed together with some psychological phenomena often connected to them. Managerial problems and needs are examined and related to available computer decision support. The military command, control, communication, and intelligence structure is presented and compared to the corresponding civilian framework. The conclusion was that computer support in decision making now is firmly established among middle level decision makers. Top level managers, on the other hand, were found to derive no major benefit from such systems. Here good intuition, good guesses and a certain feeling for the task were the most important tools.
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  • 87
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    A look at why information systems fail (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 61-67 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the year 2000 approaching, there is great concern about the Y2K (Year 2000) changes needed in information systems (IS) code so that these information systems will not fail or cause harm when 2000 approaches. This concern has prompted this paper to examine the work that is being done on why information systems fail. The paper provides some background on some of the leading work being conducted in this area, and then discusses the results of a recent survey by the author that looks at IS failures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910253243
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  • 88
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    Aspects of identity, cohesion, citizenship and performance in recursive organisations (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 640-658 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Develops the idea of complexity and its implications for our understanding of organisations and society. One such implication is the constitution of autonomous units within autonomous units. This notion is at the core of recursive organisations. Each of these autonomous units requires strengthening in its identity, cohesion and citizenship in order to perform well in its medium. However, in contemporary societies the rule is fragmented institutions rather than whole organisations. Further research is necessary in order to understand how to make more likely the emergence in society of recursive organisations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910282935
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  • 89
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    Algorithms for generating generalized gray codes (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 837-844 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Gray code is a code with the property that there is one and only one bit-change between any two neighboring numbers. An algorithm for generating gray codes is presented. It turns out that there are other codes which have the same characteristics as gray codes. We call this class of codes generalized gray code (GGC). More precisely, a GGC is a code which has both the reflective property and the unit distance property. Algorithms for generating n-bit GGC from the (n - 1)-bit GGC are presented with illustrative examples. It is found that the number of n-bit GGC is equal to 2n times the number of (n - 1)-bit GGC. GGC generation trees are used to find GGC. Shows that GGC may be used in the two cases: where 1: gray code cannot be used, and as 2: member of the GGC is better suited than the gray code. Deduces that through the use of GGC, we have more choices than using just gray codes, and that we may obtain better results in terms of fan-in, fan-out, propagation delays, power consumption, or other related constraints in designing digital systems. The results obtained in this paper may also have useful applications in implementing special logic functions such as fuzzy threshold functions or fuzzy symmetric functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910283286
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  • 90
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    Estimating system response to a regime shift: some evidence on international asset pricing (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 732-752 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper we try to assess how a weighted shares index and corresponding futures index respond to a change in the short-term interest rate. Three methods are applied in analysing the data: an error correction regression method, a state space method and a neural network method. Results indicate presence of cointegration in the data set. A sensitivity analysis of each model was carried out by studying the evolution of the predictions after the studied time period, using deterministic values of the inputs. An analysis of the influence of an interest rate shock yielded interesting results. In the neural network model, again, more complicated response patterns were observed.
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    Internet commentary (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 881-884 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Comments on the Internet, giving details of new facilities and provisions that are of specific interest to systemists and cyberneticians. They include: Computers for Net access, Personal Web site, International access, Choice of Internet service provider and the integral environment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910795260
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    Abstract neural automata: Ergodicity of evolution of genetico-variable structure (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 939-944 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The theory of abstract neural automata has been proposed previously. Believes that in studying change of the structure of abstract neural automata, genetico-variable structure must be considered. Abstract neural automata are considered to be cognizant machines, machines of thought. The basic effect on cognition and on the thought of heredity, such as genes is considered to be important in this discussion. Following the proof of the theorem of existence of abstract neural automata whose state space of single neuron (stochastic automaton) is Euclidean space Ed, the theorem of ergodicity of evolutionary process of genetico-variable structure of abstract neural automata is proved.
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    Measures of cellular change in systems theory (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 1016-1026 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers that as a general rule metrics serve to compare elements in the same set, such as the Euclidean metric by means of which we can calculate the distance between points R 2, R3 etc. In practical applications such as in the biological sciences, it is necessary to compare cells which may have identical or different numbers of genes. Suggests that we may wish to compare different genes formed of finite sequences of four nucleotides. These are genes which may have the same or different numbers of bases. These and other questions are analysed from the viewpoint of general systems theory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910300213
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    Failure mode and effects analysis using fuzzy method and grey theory (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 1072-1080 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) determines the risk priority number by finding the multiplication of factor scores that are converted from the probability or degree of problem occurrence without considering the relative importance of factors. This study applies fuzzy theory to eliminate the conversion debate by directly evaluating the linguistic assessment of factors, and uses grey theory to obtain risk priority number by assigning relative weighting coefficient without any utility function. Results of the illustrative example show that concurrent application of fuzzy method and grey theory can solve the problems that have arisen from conventional FMEA, and can efficiently discover the potential failure modes and effects. Indicates that, as a result, the stability of product and process can be assured.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910300295
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    Cybernetics of solvability applied to problem-solving (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 905-928 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The study aims at defining solvability at the cross-roads of cybernetics and problem-solving. The cases of solvability being focussed on are generated by intervention, and as a result, their approach encounters circular and undisciplinary solving problems. This is why definitions of the third-order circularity and the undisciplinary framework are analytical and restrictive. The second part of the study is particularly concerned with the construction of an arguably cybernetic model of the solving process, and the formal requirements endorsing the research programme. Finally, far-aiming conclusions are drawn referring to the epistemic consistency of the third-order cybernetics and problem-solving, in an attempt to unify these two, already converging, scientific endeavours.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910286337
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    Danger of development of a global catastrophe and the need for new information concepts (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 929-938 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the conjecture that mankind is moving towards global crises and catastrophes because of the lack of strategies and policies to deal with information. Sees the need for new concepts in information as paramount. Outlines how a transition to noospheric thinking may be a way to the survival of human civilisation. Presents new concepts in information that are backed by a mathematical methodology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910286346
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    Forecasting stock returns with reference to global capital asset pricing forces (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 1027-1042 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In the paper we provide new evidence on the predictability of Scandinavian stock returns, when utilizing the determinants of global capital asset pricing. Three factors are extracted by principal components factor analysis. The VARIMAX-rotated factor loadings matrix clearly suggests the presence of geographically distinguished returns generating factors: Europe, Asia and America. The corresponding factor price series are used as driving forces for the Finnish and Swedish market returns. The results indicate that the predictability of Scandinavian stock returns is significantly improved by the world factors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910300231
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  • 98
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    On the minimal length curve that densifies the square (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 1054-1064 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper deals with the existence of a curve of minimal length, expressed in parametric coordinates, which densifies the square J2==ft [ -1,1\right ] × =ft [ -1,1\right ] \ with a given degree of density a. Nevertheless, the same problem has no solution if we consider the family of curves defined by means of the graphics of continuous and rectifiable functions f: J? J. Their consequences on the approximation method to the global optimization are also derived.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910300277
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    The decomposition method applied to the Cauchy problem (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 68-74 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper, we use the decomposition method for solving the Cauchy problem without using the canonical form of Adomian. We also give proof of convergence by using a new formulation of the Adomain polynomials and we compare our technique with the Picard method.
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    Neural transmission-errors, cerebral arousability and hemisphericity: Some relations with intelligence and personality (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 28 (1999), S. 695-725 
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    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Suggests that the arousability theory of intelligence and personality of Robinson (1996) lacks two important factors: the influence of neural transmission errors and of hemisphericity on intelligence and personality. It is considered that at least two factors contribute to intelligence. The first factor is the potential energetic level of Hebb's engrams, which may be related to arousability. The second factor is the probability of neural transmission errors. It is suggested that the theory of H.J. Eysenck, that a neural message is sent repeatedly until it is accepted identically a certain number of times, which is smaller for more intelligent subjects, is correct.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929910282962
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