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  • Articles  (984)
  • Ultrastructure  (778)
  • lipid peroxidation  (183)
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  • Springer  (984)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The need for speed. II. Myelin in calanoid copepods (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Crustacean ; Sensorimotor ; Ultrastructure ; Multilamellar sheath ; Myelinated axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Speed of nerve impulse conduction is greatly increased by myelin, a multi-layered membranous sheath surrounding axons. Myelinated axons are ubiquitous among the vertebrates, but relatively rare among invertebrates. Electron microscopy of calanoid copepods using rapid cryofixation techniques revealed the widespread presence of myelinated axons. Myelin sheaths of up to 60 layers were found around both sensory and motor axons of the first antenna and interneurons of the ventral nerve cord. Except at nodes, individual lamellae appeared to be continuous and circular, without seams, as opposed to the spiral structure of vertebrate and annelid myelin. The highly organized myelin was characterized by the complete exclusion of cytoplasm from the intracellular spaces of the cell generating it. In regions of compaction, extracytoplasmic space was also eliminated. Focal or fenestration nodes, rather than circumferential ones, were locally common. Myelin lamellae terminated in stepwise fashion at these nodes, appearing to fuse with the axolemma or adjacent myelin lamellae. As with vertebrate myelin, copepod sheaths are designed to minimize both resistive and capacitive current flow through the internodal membrane, greatly speeding nerve impulse conduction. Copepod myelin differs from that of any other group described, while sharing features of every group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050435
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pirfenidone inhibits NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation and scavenges hydroxyl radicals (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 204 (2000), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: pirfenidone ; free radicals ; lipid peroxidation ; EPR ; spin trapping ; antioxidant ; fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pirfenidone (Pf), a new broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic agent, is known to offer protection against lung fibrosis in vivo in laboratory animals, and against mitogenesis and collagen formation by human lung fibroblasts in vitro. Because reactive oxygen species are thought to be involved in these events, we investigated the mechanism(s) by which Pf ameliorates oxidative stress and its effects on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. Pf has been shown to cause inhibit NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in sheep liver microsomes in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of Pf required to cause 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation was ~ 6 mM. Pf was found to be ineffective as a superoxide radical scavenger. Pf was also ineffective in decomposing H2O2 and chelating iron. In deoxyribose degradation assays, Pf was a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals with a rate constant of 5.4 × 109 M-1 sec-1. EPR spectroscopy in combination with spin trapping techniques, using a Fenton type reaction and DMPO as a spin-trapping agent, Pf scavenged hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of Pf required to inhibit 50% signal height was ~ 2.5 mM. Because iron was used in the Fenton reaction, the ability of Pf in chelating iron was verified in a fluorescent competitive assay using calcein as the fluorescent probe. Pf up to 10 mM concentration was ineffective in chelating either Fe2+ or Fe3+ in this system. We propose that Pf exerts its beneficial effects, at least in part, through its ability to scavenge toxic hydroxyl radicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007023532508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane changes in rat erythrocyte ghosts on ghee feeding (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 204 (2000), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: ghee ; erythrocytes ; erythrocyte fragility ; lipid peroxidation ; membrane fluidity ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alterations in membrane lipid composition is known to result in functional and structural changes in the membrane, and dietary lipids play an important role in this change. It was of interest to study the influence of ghee feeding to the rat on membrane structure and function. The activities of membrane bound enzymes Na+ K+ ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase were studied as an index of membrane changes. Male weanling rats were fed 2.5% fresh or thermally oxidized ghee in the diet for a period of 8 weeks. The control rats were fed groundnut oil. A decrease of 28% in the membrane fluidity of erythrocyte ghost membranes was observed in the oxidized ghee fed group at 37°C, by fluorescence polarization measurements using 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe. The activities of Na+ K+ ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase showed an increase of 65% and 200% respectively after feeding oxidized ghee (2.5%). Also changes in Na+, K+ and ATP kinetics were observed in these rats. Increased membrane lipid peroxidation (80%) and C/PL ratio (11%) in the oxidized ghee fed group was observed. Marginal changes in the fatty acid composition were also seen. Further, an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was observed in the oxidized ghee fed rats. It is inferred from these experiments that consumption of oxidized ghee with the diet affects the erythrocyte ghost membrane structure and function at 2.5% level, whereas consumption of fresh ghee has no effect on the erythrocyte membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007046931427
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ascorbate and α-tocopherol on the NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental mitochondria (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 210 (2000), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: ascorbate ; α-tocopherol ; lipid peroxidation ; iron ; placental mitochondria ; preeclampsia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of ascorbate and a-tocopherol as antioxidants and as co-operative factors against NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental mitochondria have been studied. The addition of ascorbate at low concentration (up to 50 μM) to the NADPH-generating system resulted in increasing lipid peroxidation and Fe3+ to Fe2+ reduction. High concentration of ascorbate (150 μM), which produced maximal rate of ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation, was found to inhibit almost completely NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation by maintaining too much iron in its reduced form. Either stimulatory or inhibitory effect of ascorbate on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation depends on the appropriate Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio. α-Tocopherol caused a decrease of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation, inhibiting completely this process at 150 μM concentration. The inhibitory effect of α-tocopherol increased rapidly with the increasing ascorbate concentration, almost complete inhibition of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation being obtained at 25 μM α-tocopherol and 50 μM ascorbate. This strong inhibitory combined effect of α-tocopherol and ascorbate was independent of the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio, as a-tocopherol is not able to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ under the conditions employed. These findings suggest that antioxidant effects of ascorbate in placental mitochondria are mediated by recycling of a-tocopherol rather than by strong reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. On the basis of the results obtained, we assume that adequate concentrations of a-tocopherol and ascorbate in placental tissue may prevent the release of lipid peroxide from placental mitochondria and therefore could be protective against the development of preeclampsia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007007213846
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effects of melatonin against oxidation of guanine bases in DNA and decreased microsomal membrane fluidity in rat liver induced by whole body ionizing radiation (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 211 (2000), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: ionizing radiation ; melatonin ; free radicals ; 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine ; membrane fluidity ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the potential protective effect of melatonin against whole body ionizing radiation (800 cGy). Changes in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, an index of DNA damage, and alterations in membrane fluidity (the inverse of membrane rigidity) and lipid peroxidation in microsomal membranes, as indices of damage to lipid and protein molecules in membranes, were estimated. Measurements were made in rat liver, 12 h after their exposure to radiation. To test the potential protective effects of melatonin, the indole was injected (i.p. 50 mg/kg b.w.) at 120, 90, 60 and 30 min prior to radiation exposure. Both 8-OH-dG levels and microsomal membrane rigidity increased significantly 12 h after radiation exposure. Melatonin completely counteracted the effects of ionizing radiation. Changes in 8-OH-dG levels and membrane fluidity are early sensitive parameters of DNA and microsomal membrane damage, respectively, induced by ionizing radiation and our findings document the protective effects of melatonin against ionizing radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007148530845
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, mixed function oxidase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities in livers from control and DOCA salt-hypertensive male Sprague Dawley rats (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 203 (2000), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: DOCA-salt hypertensive male Sprague Dawley rats ; liver antioxidant enzymes ; glutathione content and glutathione-dependent defense system ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of DOCA-salt hypertensive treatment on hepatic glutathione-dependent defense system, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, mixed function oxidase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities were investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats. Compared with controls, DOCA-salt hypertensive rats had lower body weights (linked to liver hypertrophy). Mixed function oxidase and p-nitrophenol-UGT activities were not affected by the treatment but a significant lower rate of the glucuronoconjugation rate of bilirubin (p 〈 0.001) was observed in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. While cytosolic glutathione contents and glutathione reductase activity were not affected, glutathione peroxidase (p 〈 0.001), glutathione transferase (p 〈 0.001) and catalase (p 〈 0.01) activities were decreased and associated with higher malondialdehyde contents (p 〈 0.001) in treated rats. The imbalance in liver antioxidant status (increasing generation of cellular radical species), associated with increases in lipid peroxidation, suggests that oxidative stress might be directly related to arterial hypertension in DOCA-salt treated male Sprague Dawley rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007041532523
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vanillin as an antioxidant in rat liver mitochondria: Inhibition of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation induced by photosensitization (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 209 (2000), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: protein oxidation ; lipid peroxidation ; vanillin ; antioxidant ; photosensitization ; singlet oxygen ; mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using rat liver mitochondria, as model systems, we have examined the ability of the natural compound and the food-flavoring agent, vanillin to protect membranes against oxidative damage induced by photosensitization at concentrations normally used in food preparations. Vanillin, at a concentration of 2.5 mmol/L, has afforded significant protection against protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in hepatic mitochondria induced by photosensitization with methylene blue plus light. The effect observed was both time- and concentration-dependent. The inhibitory effect is similar to ascorbic acid and the singlet oxygen quencher, diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) but less effective than sodium azide and glutathione. Examination of possible mechanisms responsible for the observed protection, showed that vanillin has a significant ability to quench singlet oxygen (1O2), a reactive species responsible for damage induced during photosensitization by Type II mechanism. Hence, this flavoring compound, due to its antioxidant ability, may have potential to prevent oxidative damage to membranes in mammalian tissues and thereby the ensuing diseased states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007048313556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adriamycin-induced heart failure: mechanisms and modulation (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 207 (2000), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cardiomyopathy ; lipid peroxidation ; superoxide dismutase ; glutathione peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adriamycin (doxorubicin) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents against a variety of cancers, but its usefulness is seriously curtailed by the risk of developing heart failure. Available laboratory evidence suggests that an increase in oxidative stress, brought about by increased free radical production and decreased myocardial endogenous antioxidants, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Adriamycin-induced apoptosis and hyperlipidemia may also be involved in the process. Probucol, a lipid-lowering drug and an antioxidant, completely prevents the occurrence of heart failure by reducing oxidative stress as well as by the modulation of apoptis and high lipid concentrations. Thus, combined therapy with adriamycin and probucol has a high potential for optimizing the treatment of cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007094214460
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective inhibition of the non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of phosphatidylserine in rod outer segments by α-tocopherol (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 211 (2000), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; rod outer segments ; α-tocopherol ; phosphatidylserine ; docosahexaenoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study it was investigated if a-tocopherol shows protection against in vitro lipid peroxidation of phospholipids located in rod outer segment membranes (ROS). After incubation of ROS in an ascorbate-Fe2+ system, at 37°C during 160 min, the total cpm originated from light emission (chemiluminescence) was found to be lower in those membranes incubated in the presence of α-tocopherol. The fatty acid composition of total lipids isolated from rod outer segment membranes was substantially modified when subjected to non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation with a considerable decrease of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). The incorporation of α-tocopherol (0.35 μmol/mg protein) produce a 43.37% inhibition of the lipid peroxidation process evaluated as chemiluminiscence (total cpm originated in 160 min). The phospholipid species containing the highest amount of docosahexaenoic acid: phosphatidyletanolamine and phosphatidylserine were more affected than phosphatidylcholine during the lipid peroxidation process. Not all phospholipids, however, were equally protected after the addition of α-tocopherol to the incubation medium. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyletanolamine, were not protected by α-tocopherol, the vitamin provides selective antioxidant protection only for phosphatidylserine. These results indicate that α-tocopherol may act as antioxidant protecting rod outer segment membranes from deleterious effect by a selective mechanism that diminishes the loss of docosahexaenoic acid from phosphatidylserine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007146313657
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenic profile of some antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in human placental and fetal tissues (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 215 (2000), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: reactive oxygen species ; human placenta ; brush border membrane ; fetus ; enzymatic antioxidants ; non-enzymic scavengers ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) pose a serious threat to maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. However, there is little information on the oxidative damage caused by ROS and its protection during prenatal life. The present study highlights the status of various antioxidants in human placental and fetal tissues at different phases of gestation. The activity profile of scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as well as the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, bilirubin and glutathione have been determined in human placental whole homogenate, placental brush border membrane and fetal liver over gestational periods ranging from 6 weeks of pregnancy till birth. The ontogenic profile of lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative damage has also been investigated in the feto-placental system. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities increased significantly, but glutathione peroxidase activity remained almost the same throughout development. Except α- tocopherol and bilirubin, the concentrations of other non-enzymic scavengers followed a significant increasing trend with advancement of pregnancy. Results indicate that there is gradual suppression of lipoperoxide formation with the progress of gestation to protect the fetus against oxygen toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026511420505
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successive Approximation Linear Quadratic Regulator for Estuarine Management Problem (2000)
    Springer
    Water resources management 14 (2000), S. 157-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: estuarine management ; fishery harvest ; freshwater inflow ; linear quadratic regulator ; salinity ; successive approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A successive approximation linear quadratic regulator (SALQR)method is applied to solve estuarine management problems to determine the optimal amount of freshwater inflows into baysand estuaries to maximize fishery harvests. Fishery harvests areexpressed in regression equations as functions of freshwaterinflows. The optimization problem is posed as a discrete-timeoptimal control problem in which salinity represents the statevariable and freshwater inflow represents the control variable. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic-salinity transport model, HYD-SAL,is used as the transition to simulate the flow circulation andtemporal and spatial salinity pattern in an estuary system. Thebound constraints for the control and state variables areincorporated into the objective function using a penalty functionmethod to convert the problem into an unconstrained formulation. The SALQR method is applied to the Lavaca-Tres Palacios Estuaryin Texas and the results are compared with those of usingregression equations as the transition equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026576129765
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cisplatin on mitochondrial protein, glutathione, and succinate dehydrogenase in Dalton lymphoma-bearing mice (2000)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 16 (2000), S. 363-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: cisplatin ; glutathione ; lipid peroxidation ; mitochondria ; protein ; succinate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cisplatin treatment of tumor-bearing mice resulted a significant decrease of protein in the tissues studied (liver, kidney, and Dalton lymphoma) and also in their mitochondrial fractions. As compared to respective tissues, the protein decrease was noted to be more conspicuous in their mitochondrial fractions. Similarly, mitochondrial glutathione also decreased significantly in the tissues. However, succinate dehydrogenase activity was selectively decreased in the kidney and Dalton lymphoma cells, whereas in liver it remained almost unchanged. An increase in serum urea concentration and kidney mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was also observed after cisplatin treatment. It is suggested that the cisplatin-induced biochemical changes in mitochondria involving mitochondrial protein, glutathione, and succinate dehydrogenase could be the important potent cellular sites contributing to toxicity/cytotoxicity after cisplatin treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007648427024
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-radical oxidation during experimental pneumonia (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: pneumonia ; lipid peroxidation ; chemiluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lipid peroxidation in the lungs and plasma of albino rats was studied under normal conditions and during experimental pneumonia. In intact rats the content of lipid peroxidation products and the rate of their accumulation in lung homogenate is lower than in homogenates of other organs. Bivalent iron ions added to blood plasma did not induce chemiluminescence characteristic of lipid peroxidation. Experimental pneumonia intensifies production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils and increases the content of lipid peroxidation products in lung homogenate. Combined application of antibiotics and antioxidant (vitamin E) during experimental pneumonia promotes normalization of free-radical oxidation and diminishes morphological alterations in the lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02433887
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Epithalone on the Age-Specific Changes in the Time Course of Lipid Peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 130 (2000), S. 1116-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; ageing ; epithalone ; peptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of epithalone on the age-specific time course of lipid peroxidation was studied in inadaptive Drosophila melanogaster strains. A single dose of epithalone at the larval stage decreased the level of conjugated hydroperoxides and Schiff bases throughout the life span of imago. Strain- and sex-specific differences in the time course of the studied sign are characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002868306623
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phospholipase A2 activity and lipid peroxidation during endotoxemia under conditions of experimental peritonitis (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 24-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: endotoxemia ; intestine ; microcirculation ; lipid peroxidation ; phospholipase A 2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The severity of endotoxemia in peritonitis depends on morphofunctional state of the intestine determined by the intensity of free-radical lipid peroxidation and phospholipase A2 activity, which are the highest on day 1 postoperation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02433858
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid peroxidation during experimental cholera intoxication (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Cholera intoxication ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cholera intoxication in albino mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin in doses of LD16, LD24, and LD50 and combination of endo- and enterotoxin in doses equivalent to LD25. Dose-dependent activation of superoxide dismutase, phasic changes in the contents of MDA and conjugated trienes and dienes, and modulatory influence of enterotoxin on catalase activity in the blood were observed during intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439261
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of malonic dialdehyde and α-tocopherol in rat pancreas during the first hours of acute pancreatitis (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 452-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: acute pancreatitis ; lipid peroxidation ; a-tocopherol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Time course of malonic dialdehyde and α-tocopherol levels in rat pancreas during the first day of experimental pancreatitis indicates activation of lipid peroxidation and components of the antioxidant system in the involved organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439799
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Lipid Peroxidation and Functional State of Neutrophils at the Early Period after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 130 (2000), S. 1055-1057 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ascorbic acid ; lipid peroxidation ; phagocytosis ; transurethral resection of the prostate gland ; neutrophilic granulocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intravenous infusion of ascorbic acid in single doses of 500 and 1000 mg over 3 days after transurethral resection of the prostate elevated the content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood, increased the sensitivity of neutrophils to prodigiozan, and reduced the risk of infectious and inflammatory complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002831331214
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of low-density lipoproteins on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 541-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; low-density lipoproteins ; blood coagulation ; fibrinolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro experiments showed that copper-oxidized low-density lipoproteins activate factors of the prothrombin complex in the whole blood and inhibit fibrin generation in both blood and plasma. Moreover, oxidized low-density lipoproteins inhibit fibrinolysis and impair the structure of fibrin clot, which results in hypercoagulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02434870
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative stress in keratinocytes as an etiopathogenetic factor of psoriasis (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: psoriasis ; apoptosis ; inflammation ; proliferation ; oxidative stress ; lipid peroxidation ; reactive oxygen species ; redox potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new etiopathogenetic concept of psoriasis is proposed, which considers psoriasis as a typical inflammatory process characterized by increased antioxidant activity and overexpression of apoptotic receptors. Under these conditions, hyperstimulation of germinative layer cells proliferation dramatically accelerates kerationcyte passage towards apoptotic effect of atmospheric oxygen and its reactive species dooming to death cells with enhanced expression of apoptotic receptors. Oxidative stress of nondifferentiated kerationcytes triggers the formation of defective horny layer, the key mechanism of psoriasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439252
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of homogenization temperature upon the apparent cellular compartmentalization of unoccupied estrogen receptor (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Estrogen receptor ; homogenization ; temperature ; nucleus ; uterus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Homogenization of rat uterus at elevated temperatures results in an increased nuclear localization of unoccupied estrogen receptor. This is a nonlinear effect which is accounted for by an increased population of KCl-resistant nuclear binding sites at the elevated homogenization temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954864
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    Inhibition of temperature-induced spermatogenic proliferation by a brain factor in hibernatingHelix aspersa (Mollusca) (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 349-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; temperature ; brain ; hibernation ; Helix aspersa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ablation of the brain from hibernatingHelix aspersa maintained at 25°C causes a significant increase in the proliferation of male cells in the gonad, whereas the ablation of the optic tentacles has no effect. The brain, therefore, produces a factor which specifically inhibits the multiplication of spermatogonia and spermatocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957474
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    In vivo effects of immunostimulating lipopeptides on mouse liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and on paracetamol-induced toxicity (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 882-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lipopeptides ; immunomodulation ; cytochrome P-450 ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunomodulating lipopeptides lauroyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-LL-A2pmNH2-Gly (RP 44.102) and lauroyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-LL-A2pmNH2 (RP 56.142) were found to protect mice against the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which is due to cytochrome P-450 dependent formation of toxic metabolites and radicals. In fact they decreased the amount of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, and the level of CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation. In contrast lauroyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DD-A2pmNH2 (RP 53.204), which only differs by the configuration of the two chiral carbons of A2pm (diaminopimelic acid) and is not an immunomodulating agent, failed to protect against poisoning by paracetamol and had no effect on the level of hepatic cytochrome P-450 or the microsomal CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation. This provides a clear connection between the immunostimulating properties of a compound and its effects on xenobiotic biotransformations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954064
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    Effects of photoperiod, temperature and testosterone-treatment on plasma T3 and T4 levels in the Djungarian hamster,Phodopus sungorus (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 102-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Djungarian hamster ; photoperiod ; temperature ; T3 ; T4 ; testosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of photoperiod, temperature and testosterone treatment on plasma T3 and T4 levels were investigated in the Djungarian hamster. Plasma T3 level was affected by temperature (25°C〈7°C) but not by photoperiod. Plasma T4 level was affected by photoperiod (short day 〈 long day) at 25°C. Administration of testosterone increased plasma T4 level under short photoperiod at 25°C. Thus, higher plasma T4 level under long photoperiod at 25°C might be induced by testosterone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990462
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    Ultrastructural changes induced by precocene II and 3,4-dihydroprecocene II in the corpora allata of Blattella germanica (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpora allata ; Ultrastructure ; Precocenes ; Juvenile hormone ; Blattella germanica (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies on corpora allata (CA) from different stages during the first gonadotropic cycle of the cockroach Blattella germanica have shown well defined changes which have a correspondence with oocyte length, CA volume and juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis. The most significant variations concern the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Topically applied precocene II (P II) at a dose of 200 ⧎g induced a transient arrest of CA function, although cytotoxic effects were occasionally observed. When CA were maintained in vitro with 10-3 M of P II, a relationship between the time of treatment (3, 6 or 9 h) and the intensity of the effects was apparent. The 9-h treatment led to an irreversible inhibition of JH production which parallels the severe damages observed in the CA (membrane lysis, nuclear pyknosis, vacuolization). Equivalent studies performed with the chroman derivative 3,4-dihydroprecocene II (DHP II) showed that it is less active than P II. Only treatments as severe as 12 h of incubation with a 10-3 M concentration elicited cytotoxic effects which could be due to radical species involved in the in situ oxidative bioactivation of DHP II. Thus, this compound could be regarded as a new type of pro-allatocidin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223148
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    Structural features of the epididymis in a dasyurid marsupial (Antechinus stuartii) (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epididymis ; Histology ; Ultrastructure ; Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ductus epididymidis of the marsupial mouse Antechinus stuartii was divided into caput, corpus, and caudal regions using several constant morphological landmarks. Tubule diameter and epithelial height increased gradually from caput to cauda. In contrast, the surface area of the lumen of the ductus epididymidis increased to a maximum in the distal caput region, but decreased markedly in the distal cauda in association with characteristic changes in lumen shape (from circular to slit-shaped) and epithelial height. Epithelial cells of the ductus epididymidis were generally similar in structure to those described in other mammalian species. Principal and basal cells were common throughout the epithelium. Clear and mitochondria-rich cells were also identified, but occurred less frequently. Regional variations in cell ultrastructure were observed only in principal cells. Numerous vesicular inclusions occurred in the apical cytoplasm of cells in caput segments, membrane-bounded, electron-dense bodies were common in distal corpus regions, and a brush border of microvilli characterized the luminal surface of principal cells in caudal segments. Sperm index increased in the proximal caput, declined to basal levels in the distal caput and proximal corpus, and then increased to a maximum in segment 9 of the distal corpus and remained at about this level throughout the cauda epididymidis. Nuclear rotation, loss of cytoplasmic droplets, and other sperm maturational changes were observed along the epididymis. Discarded cytoplasmic droplets collected in large masses interspersed between aggregates of spermatozoa throughout the distal regions of the duct. There was no evidence of phagocytosis by principal cells of cytoplasmic droplets. The epididymis of A. stuartii differs from that of other mammals. The unusual caudal region, which has little storage capacity for sperm, is an unusual adaptation in a species in which the male is known to be polygamous.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223158
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    System-specific distribution of zinc in the chick brain (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 247-257 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Zinc ; Timm method ; Ultrastructure ; Synapses ; Avian brain ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of young domestic chicks was investigated using a Timm sulfide silver method. Serial Vibratome sections were analyzed under the light microscope, and the localization of zinc-positive structures in selected areas was determined at the ultrastructural level. Both strong and differential staining was visible in the avian telencephalon whereas most subtelencephalic structures showed a pale reaction. The highest staining intensity was found in the nonprimary sensory regions of the telencephalon such as the hyperstriatum dorsale, hyperstriatum ventrale, hippocampus, palaeostriatum augmentatum, lobus parolfactorius and caudal parts of neostriatum. There was an overall gradient of staining intensity in neostriatal areas from rostral to caudal with the heaviest zinc deposits in the caudal neostriatum. Primary sensory projection areas, such as the ectostriatum (visual), hyperstriatum intercalatum superius (visual), nucleus basalis (beak representation), the input layer L2 of the auditory field L and the somatosensory area rostral to field L were selectively left unstained. Fiber tracts throughout the brain were free of zinc deposits except for glial cells. In electron micrographs of stained regions, silver grains were localized in some presynaptic boutons of asymmetric synapses (Gray type I), within the cytoplasm of neuronal somata and sporadically in the nucleus. The possible involvement of zinc in synaptic transmission and other processes is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239445
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    Effects of long-term hypergastrinaemia on the ultrastructure of enterochromaffin-like cells in the stomach of the rat, hamster and guinea pig (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin-like cells ; Ultrastructure ; Hypertrophy ; Hypergastrinaemia ; Gastrin infusion ; Omeprazole ; Rat (Sprague Dawley) ; Syrian hamster ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present report describes the ultrastructure of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the stomach of the rat, hamster and guinea pig, and the ultrastructural consequences of long-term hypergastrinaemia evoked either by continuous infusion of synthetic human (Leu15)-gastrin-17 for 4 weeks (rats) or by daily treatment with large doses of the antisecretory agent omeprazole for 2–10 weeks (rats, hamsters and guinea pigs). As a result, the ECL cells increased greatly in size (maximal effect after 2 weeks of omeprazole treatment, no further gain in size after 4 or 10 weeks). Also the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi area were enlarged. The most conspicuous feature of the ECL cells is the cytoplasmic vesicles, which are of varying size and either devoid of a dense core or with a small, often eccentrically located dense core. The vesicles probably represent the main storage site of the secretory products of the ECL cell. In addition, the cytoplasm contains granules, which differ from the vesicles in that they possess a more or less electron-dense core, surrounded by a narrow halo. The size of the vesicles ranged from small to very large, while the granules were uniformly small. Many vesicles were seen to lie very close together, some displaying an irregular outline (vacuole-like vesicles), at times giving the impression that they were undergoing fusion. The profile size (median value) of the vesicles was unaffected by gastrin infusion for 4 weeks. However, there was a tendency to a relative increase in the number of very small vesicles. In contrast, the vesicles became larger during the omeprazole treatment. Also, the number of vesicles that seemed to be engaged in fusion increased after omeprazole treatment but not after gastrin infusion. The observations support the view that ECL cells are influenced by gastrin. The effects of gastrin infusion and of omeprazole treatment on ECL cell ultrastructure were not completely identical. It cannot be excluded that the omeprazole-evoked achlorhydria evokes effects unrelated to those of hypergastrinaemia on the ECL cells, or that endogenous gastrins may evoke effects that are in some ways distinct from those of synthetic human (Leu15)-gastrin-17. Alternatively, the additional effects seen after long-term omeprazole treatment may reflect simply the duration of the hypergastrinaemic stimulus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218882
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    Morphological changes in the junctional complex of cells in the arachnoid layer of the rat after cold injury (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arachnoid cells ; Tight and gap junctions ; Cold injury ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture technique ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The junctional complexes of cells in the outer arachnoid layer overlying the cerebral cortex of 2-week-old rats were examined with freeze-fracture electron microscopy up to 60 min after transcranial cold injury to the dorsal surface of the brain. Within 30 min after injury, areas of gap and tight junctions with morphological features characteristic of junction formation and/or junction disruption were found scattered among normal junctional complexes in some arachnoid cells. Within 60 min after injury, tight junctions with features typical of less leaky zonulae occludentes were present in all arachnoid cells examined. These morphological features include increases in the number of tight junctional strands and the number of strand-to-strand anatomoses. Gap junctions were interspersed among the tight junctional strands, and many were completely encircled by the strands. The increase in the number and complexity of the tight junctional strands in response to brain injury may be the morphological basis for the maintenance of the cerebrospinal fluid-blood dural barrier.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218887
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    The effect of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on steroid hormone production and ACTH-induced differentiation of rat adrenocortical cells in primary culture (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 487-494 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Differentiation ; Tissue culture ; Steroids ; Ultrastructure ; Lipoproteins ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol on the ACTH-induced differentiation of cultured fetal rat adrenocortical cells. For this purpose human plasma high-density lipoprotein3 (HDL3) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was added to culture media devoid of cholesterol, and thereafter the morphological changes in cells were monitored and the amounts of steroids synthesized were measured. It could be demonstrated that, ultrastructurally, upon ACTH-stimulation the adrenocortical cells differentiated into fasciculata-like cells even in the absence of lipoproteins in the culture medium. The addition of either HDL3 or LDL caused an increase in the number and size of cytoplasmic lipid droplets suggesting uptake and deposition of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol into the differentiating cells. The amount of steroids secreted from cells differentiating in media devoid of cholesterol was only half that observed in cells differentiating in serum-supplemented medium. Addition of either HDL3 or LDL increased the ACTH-stimulated steroid synthesis to the levels observed in serum-supplemented medium. This study demonstrates that both HDL3 and LDL are able to provide cholesterol for steroid synthesis accompanying the ACTH-induced differentiation of fetal rat adrenocortical cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225596
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    The effect of bromocriptine on the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary: an electron-microscopic, morphometric study (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 405-410 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; Bromocriptine ; Secretory granules ; Golgi apparatus ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological effect of chronic synthetic and secretory inhibition of the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary induced by bromocriptine treatment was studied using morphometric techniques in combination with electron microscopy. On the basis of granule diameters, a heterogeneous cell population was shown in the normal intermediate lobe. Bromocriptine treatment did not induce any change in the volume fraction, number or location of electron-dense secretory granules. Instead, there was a shift toward a more homogeneous cell population containing smaller granules, the mean granule volume being reduced by ∼30%. The volume fraction of electron-lucent granules or vacuoles was markedly reduced, indicating a functional significance of these organelles. The volume of the Golgi apparatus was not significantly altered, but the number of condensing granules within the Golgi area was reduced. The volume of the intermediate lobe was decreased, apparently due to a decrease in the mean cell volume.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224124
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    Distribution of peroxidase and iodination activity in the endostyles of Oikopleura albicans and Oikopleura longicauda (Appendicularia, Chordata) (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 505-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endostyle ; Peroxidase cytochemistry ; Autora diography ; Ultrastructure ; Oikopleura albicans, Oikopleura longicauda (Appendicularia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oikopleura albicans and O. longicauda belong to the two subgenera Vexillaria and Coecaria, respectively. The morphology and ultrastructure of their endostyles were investigated with conventional microscopic procedures as well as with DAB cytochemistry and 125I autoradiography at both light- and electron-microscopic levels. As expected, the general morphology of these endostyles is similar to all hitherto examined endostyles. They possess a ventral portion consisting of alternating glandular and ciliated cell zones, probably serving food capture, and a dorsal region, the corridor. Autoradiographic grains were found mainly in the corridor lumen associated with the apical surface of the two central rows of corridor cells. The same cells also gave strong positive reactions for peroxidase, the iodinating enzyme. Peroxidase activity was found in the apical plasma membrane as well as in the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi area and cytoplasmic vesicles. Definitive conclusions concerning an apical uptake and subsequent release into the body fluid of iodinated material could not be made from the present experiments. Our investigations indicate that the two central rows of corridor cells in both subgenera of oikopleurids constitute the protothyroid region, possibly homologous to the vertebrate thyroid gland.
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    Morphogenesis of rat cranial meninges (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 207-216 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Morphogenesis ; Meninges ; Mesenchyme ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The meninges of albino Wistar rat embryos, aged between the 11th embryonic day (ED) and birth, were sectioned using a specially constructed device. This technique permits optimal microanatomical preservation of all tissues covering the convexity of the brain: skin, muscle, cartilage or bone, and the meninges. At ED11, the zone situated between the epidermis and the brain is occupied by a mesenchymal network. At ED12, part of this delicate network develops as a dense outer cellular layer, while the remainder retains its reticular appearance, thus forming an inner layer (the future meningeal tissue). At ED13, the dura mater starts to differentiate. At ED14, the bony anlage of the skull can be identified, and along with the proceeding maturation of dura mater some fibrillar structures resembling skeletal muscle fibers appear in the developing arachnoid space. At ED15–17, a primitive interface zone — dura mater/ arachnoid — is formed, comprised by an outer electronlucent and an inner electron-dense layer marking the outer aspect of the arachnoidal space. At ED18–19, the innermost cellular row of the inner durai layer transforms into neurothelium, which is separated from the darker arachnoidal cells by an electron-dense band. The arachnoidal trabecular zone with the leptomeningeal cells is formed at ED19. By the end of the prenatal period (ED20–21), its innermost part organizes into an inner arachnoidal layer and an outer and inner pial layer. The results from this study indicate (i) that dura mater and leptomeninges develop from an embryonic network of connective tissue-forming cells, and (ii) that the formation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-containing spaces accompanies the differentiation of the meningeal cellular layers.
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    Terminal processes of serotonin neurons in the caudal spinal cord of the molly, Poecilia latipinna, project to the leptomeninges and urophysis (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 619-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin-containing cells ; Urophysis ; Spinal Cord ; Ultrastructure ; Leptomeninges ; Poecilia latipinna (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The caudal neurosecretory complex of poeciliids has previously been shown to be innervated by extranuclear and intrinsic serotonergic projections. In the present study, immunohistochemical techniques were used to characterize fibers originating from serotonin neurons intrinsic to the caudal spinal cord. Bipolar and multipolar neurons were oriented ventromedially, and contained numerous large granular vesicles. Three types of serotonergic fibers were distinguished based on their distribution and morphology. Intrinsic Type-A fibers branched into varicose segments near the ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord and contacted the basal lamina beneath the leptomeninges. Type-B fibers coursed longitudinally to enter the urophysis, where they diverged and terminated around fenestrated capillaries. Labelled vesicles in Type-A and Type-B terminals were the same size as those in labelled cells and in unlabelled neurosecretory terminals in the urophysis. Type-C small varicose fibers branched within the neuropil of the caudal neurosecretory complex. Serotonin may be secreted into the submeningeal cerebrospinal fluid, the urophysis, and the caudal vein by Type-A and Type-B fibers, whereas, Type-C fibers may be processes of serotonergic interneurons in the neuroendocrine nucleus. The possibility that urotensins I and II or arginine vasotocin were colocalized in the processes of the intrinsic serotonin neurons was investigated immunohistochemically. The negative results of these experiments suggest that serotonin-containing neurons may represent a neurochemically distinct subpopulation in the caudal neurosecretory complex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218799
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    Neural activity pattern is not necessary for the development of adult ultrastructure in katydid (Neoconocephalus robustus) singing muscles (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect muscle ; Denervation ; Ultrastructure ; Development, ontogenetic ; Neoconocephalus robustus (Insecto)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The singing muscles of the katydid Neoconocephalus robustus develop adult ultrastructure late in the last nymphal instar and during the first few days of adult life. The ultrastructural changes during early adulthood were not affected by unilateral axotomy shortly after the adult molt. Both denervated and innervated muscles developed adult proportions of mitochondria, myofibril, and sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218802
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    The three-dimensional structure of the zona pellucida in growing and atretic ovarian follicles of the mouse (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 247-253 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Zona pellucida ; Ovarian follicles ; Atresia ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study provides further details on the fine-structural three-dimensional architecture of the zona pellucida (ZP) in growing and atretic follicles of mice by use of ruthenium red in combination with the detergents Triton X100 and saponin. These detergents were used for extraction of the “soluble” fraction of the zonal proteins in an attempt to expose the “structural” zonal glycoproteins, which in turn can be viewed as minute three-dimensional networks upon transmission- and scanning electron-microscopic examination. By use of these methods, the ZP of growing follicles appeared to be formed by interconnected filaments which also bind to globular structures building up a three-dimensional lattice. In contrast, the ZP of stage I as well as other (II and III) stages of atretic follicles showed a structure characterized by the presence of closely packed granules connected with short filaments to form a close-mesh reticulum. This structural change of the ZP, which in the present study is also associated with the disappearance of “gap junctions” within the granulosa and cumulus cell population, might represent one of the early events involved in the onset of atresia. These changes, most probably depending on an altered secretory activity of both oocytes and follicle cells, might lead to a degradation of the ZP network structure and to its subsequent increased density (condensation). All these morphodynamic events eventually contribute to a sequestration of the oocyte in the early stage of atresia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261827
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    Smooth muscle fiber types and a novel pattern of thick filaments in the wing of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mollusc ; Ultrastructure ; Musculature ; Hydroskeleton ; Retraction reflex ; Clione limacina (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wing (parapodial) retraction in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina is a reflex triggered by tactile stimulation. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed three groups of smooth muscles in the wing hemocoel that participate in retraction movements: transverse, longitudinal, and dorsoventral. Among these, two subtypes of muscle cells were identified. The first (type A) appears in all three groups and forms a well-organized lattice-like structure. The second (type B) is the major component of transverse muscles and runs in one direction only. Quantitative ultrastructural comparisons of dimensions, abundance, and organization of dense bodies, thick and thin filaments, membrane invaginations, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria suggest that type A cells are able to contract and relax more quickly with less endurance whereas type B cells are capable of generating stronger contractions with more endurance and slower relaxation speed. Furthermore, type A cells have a unique pattern of thick filament organization, here referred to as pseudosarcomeres. The roles played by the different cell types in wing retraction are discussed.
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    Ultrastructural changes in granule cell somata and mossy fibers of the rat hippocampus during picrotoxin-induced convulsions (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 261-267 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Mossy fibers ; Picrotoxin ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in hippocampal granule cells, mossy fibers and mossy fiber boutons were examined following the administration of picrotoxin in adult rats. Generalized seizures occurred within 5–10 min after the intraperitoneal injection of picrotoxin. The electron-microscopic examination of hippocampal tissues from rats that had been perfused with fixative during the seizure revealed that the large dense-core vesicles increased in number and accumulated on the presynaptic membranes of mossy fiber boutons; some of these vesicles appeared to be fused with the membranes, and omega-shaped exocytotic profiles were frequently seen. Furthermore, greatly increased numbers of coated vesicles (60–90 nm in diameter) were observed on the maturing faces of Golgi fields of granule cells. Thus, our study not only indicates an increased incidence of exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles during picrotoxin-induced seizures, but also suggests that these vesicles are replaced in excess from the perikaryon of the granule cell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224107
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    Cardioprotective properties of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative glutapyron in deep hypothermia (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 108 (1989), S. 1568-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: myocardium ; lipid peroxidation ; hypothermia ; 1,4-dihydropyridines ; glutapyron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839689
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    Antioxidative activity of cyclohistidylproline (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 108 (1989), S. 1714-1716 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: cyclohistidylproline ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841041
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    Role of lipid peroxidation in regression of the hypertrophied heart (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 108 (1989), S. 1566-1568 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypertrophy of the heart ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839688
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    Lipid peroxidation in the caudate nuclei in experimental parkinsonian syndrome (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 45-48 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ; 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) ; parkinsonism ; lipid peroxidation ; caudate nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00837054
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    Membrane characteristics and functional activity of phagocytic alveolar macrophages (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 83-86 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: alveolar macrophages ; phagocytosis ; viscosity of membrane lipids ; lipid peroxidation ; fluorescent probes ; membranes ; membrane lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00837067
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    Induction of cytochrome p-450 by tetraphenylporphyrin-Sn4+ (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 315-318 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: cytochrome P-450 ; tetraphenylporphyrin-Sn4+ ; hemoxygenase ; lipid peroxidation ; induction ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842043
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    Lipid peroxidation and endogenous DNA-polymerase activity of isolated chromatin fractions from rat liver (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 321-323 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: chromatin ; DNA-polymerase activity ; lipid peroxidation ; tetrachloromethane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842045
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    Effect of antioxidants on free-radical oxidation of lipids in tests of rats of different ages and on reproductive capacity in chronic polyantioxidant insufficiency (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 246-249 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: reproductive system ; lipid peroxidation ; aging ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833818
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    Changes in some parameters of lipid metabolism in erythrocyte membranes during development of alloxan diabetes (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 323-325 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: alloxan diabetes ; erythrocyte membranes ; lipid peroxidation ; phospholipids ; α-tocopherol ; cholesterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842046
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    Lipid peroxidation in synaptosomal and mitochondrial fractions of individual brain structures during hypoxia (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 332-334 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypoxia ; medula ; cerebellum ; visual cortex ; sensomotor cortex ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842049
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    Role of activation of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of experimental peritonitis (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 635-637 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; peritonitis
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841770
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    Lipid peroxidation reactions following administration of various doses of zymosan (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 638-640 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: blood ; lipid peroxidation ; zymosan
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841771
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    Antihypoxic and antioxidative properties of bemitil (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 671-674 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bemitil ; hypoxia ; lipid peroxidation
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841782
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    Correlation between brain electrical responses and lipid peroxidation during pathological aging (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 794-796 
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    Keywords: senile dementia ; Alzheimer's disease ; lipid peroxidation ; visual evoked potentials ; constant brain potential
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840741
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    Lipid peroxidation and polymerase activities of liver chromatin fractions of aging rats (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 807-809 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: aging ; lipid peroxidation ; DNA- and RNA-polymerase activity ; actively transcribed and repressed chromatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840745
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    Changes in lipid peroxidation induced by chloditane in adrenals of dogs and guinea pigs (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 180-182 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; adrenals ; chloditane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833795
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    Relationship between peroxidation and phospholipase hydrolysis of lipids in synaptosomes (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 183-186 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: synaptosomes ; lipid peroxidation ; phospholipases ; epilepsy
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833796
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    Protection of erythrocytes by α-tocopherol against hemolysis induced by thermal trauma (1989)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 459-461 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: burns ; hemolysis of erythrocytes ; lipid peroxidation ; α-tocopherol
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842375
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    Lipid peroxidation product levels in inbred mice with different types of emotional-stress response (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 108 (1989), S. 957-959 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; lipid peroxidation ; inbred mice
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839779
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    Changes of some lipid and lipid peroxidation characteristics in obese people as a result of a low energy diet (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 27 (1988), S. 207-215 
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    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; obesity ; hyperlipoproteinemia ; superoxide-dismutase ; glutathione-peroxidase ; Lipidperoxidation ; Übergewicht ; Hyperlipoproteinämie ; Superoxiddismutase ; Glutathion-Peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden vor und nach einer 7tägigen Entfettungskur (2,1 MJ/Tag) von 54 Fettsüchtigen stammende Blutproben auf einige Lipidkomponenten (Malondialdehyd [MDA] und die Aktivität der vor freien Radikalen schützenden Enzyme Superoxid-Dismutase [SOD] und Glutathionperoxidase [GSHpx]) untersucht. Nach 7tägiger Krankenhausbehandlung wurde eine Erniedrigung des Körpergeichts, der Triglyceride, des HDL-Cholesterin- und des HDL-3-Cholesterins sowie eine Zunahme von Gesamtcholesterin festgestellt. Nach einer zu Hause fortgesetzten drei Monate dauernden Kur (5,0–6,3 MJ) wurde eine Zunahme von HDL-2-Cholesterin und ein Rückgang von Gesamtcholesterin auf den Ausgangswert beobachtet. Bei an Hyperlipoproteinämie leidenden Vpn. und auch bei denen, die einen erhöhten Cholesterin- und Triglyceridgehalt aufwiesen, wurde eine höhere MDA-Konzentration festgestellt. Nach der Entfettungskur, unabhängig von den Lipiden, fällt die SOD-Aktivität. Die GSHpx-Aktivität ist unverändert, ausgenommen bei Männern mit hohem Cholesterinniveau. Weitere Untersuchungen über die vor freien Radikalen schützenden Enzyme sind erforderlich.
    Notes: Summary In blood samples of 54 obese persons (13 men, 41 women) some lipid components, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of free radical protecting enzymes superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSHpx), were determined before and after a seven-day slimming diet of 2.1 MJ/day. Body weight, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and HDL-3-cholesterol all decreased, total cholesterol increased after the seven days hospitalization. After continuing the slimming diet (5.0–6.3 MJ/day) at home, HDL-2-cholesterol increased and total cholesterol returned to the initial value after three months. MDA decreased in the groups of hyperlipoproteinemia II/a and II/b and also in the group with high cholesterol and triglyceride levels (above 5.7 and 2.7 mmol/l). Correlation coefficients refer to the dominant role of high TG in the intensity of lipid peroxidation. The activity of SOD fell after the slimming, independent of lipid parameters. GSHpx activity remained unchanged except a drop in the male participants having high cholesterol levels. The behavior of the free radical protecting enzymes needs further examination.
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    Effect of lipid peroxidation on heart mitochondria oxygen consuming and calcium transporting capacities (1988)
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    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 81 (1988), S. 131-135 
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    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; oxygen toxicity ; mitochondrial function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incubation of rabbit heart mitochondria in the presence of ferrous ions induced lipid peroxidation which was accompanied by a reduction of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and Ca+- transport. The effects were more evident, when pyruvate was employed as respiratory substrate, and were partially prevented by catalase, while superoxide dismutase was ineffective.
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    Antioxidant enzyme alterations in experimental and clinical diabetes (1988)
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    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 84 (1988), S. 223-231 
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    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: Diabetic rat ; lipid peroxidation ; oxidative stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the presence of complex alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in various tissues of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In the present investigation, it is shown that rats made diabetic with alloxan (ALX), an agent differing from STZ both chemically and in its mechanism of diabetogenesis, show virtually identical tissue antioxidant enzyme changes which, as is the case with STZ, are preventable by insulin treatment. The finding that the patterns of antioxidant enzyme alterations in chemically-induced diabetes are independent of the diabetogenic agent used and the presence of similar abnormalities in tissues of spontaneously diabetic (BB) Wistar rats (particularly when diabetic control is less than optimal) suggest that the changes observed are a characteristic feature of the uncontrolled diabetic state and that these may be responsible for (or predispose to) the development of secondary complications in clinical diabetes. Comparative studies involving red cells of diabetic rats and human diabetics revealed a number of common changes, namely an increase in glutathione reductase activity, a decreased susceptibility to oxidative glutathione depletion (which was related to the presence of hyperglycemia) and an increased production of malondialdehyde (an indirect index of lipid peroxidation) in response to in vitro challenge with hydrogen peroxide. In the diabetic patients, the extent of this increase in susceptibility of red cell lipids to oxidation paralleled the severity of diabetic complications. Our results suggest that increased (or uncontrolled) oxidative activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of complications associated with the chronic diabetic state.
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    Vitamin E deficiency accentuates adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy and cell surface changes (1988)
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    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 84 (1988), S. 163-171 
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    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: adriamycin ; cardiomyopathy ; Vitamin E deficiency ; sialic acid ; sarcolemma ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Free radicals have been suggested to play a role in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Adriamycin-induced myocardial effects were examined in rats maintained on a vitamin E deficient diet. Animals were divided into four groups: I, control; II, adriamycin-treated; III, vitamin E deficient diet; IV, vitamin E deficient diet plus adriamycin treatment. Adriamycin-treated animals (groups II and IV) were given six injections (i.p.) over two weeks for producing a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg. Animals in groups III and IV were placed on vitamin E deficient diet starting two weeks prior to the first injection of adriamycin or vehicle. Myocardial tissue analysis were performed on animals sacrificed 1 week after the last injection. Mortality was significantly higher in group IV which also showed doubling of myocardial malondialdehyde content relative to the non-adriamycin-treated vitamin E deficient group (III). Myocardial cell damage in group IV was characterized by separation of the external lamina, subsarcolemmal changes, mitochondrial swelling and myofibril dropout. Group II hearts showed only a mild dilation of the sarcotubules and swelling of the mitochondria. Total sialic acid content of the sarcolemma in groups II, III and IV was 55, 90 and 24% of the control values in group I. These data show a characteristic sarcolemmal injury produced by adriamycin in hearts of animals with reduced antioxidant capacity which is probably mediated by increased free radical activity as well as lipid peroxidation.
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    Pyridine and other coal tar constituents as free radical-generating environmental neurotoxicants (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 84 (1988), S. 217-222 
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    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: environmental pollutants ; Parkinson's disease ; lipid peroxidation ; coal tar neurotoxicity ; pyridine ; tetrahydropyridines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to the principal constituents of the aqueous fraction of coal tar extracts can lead to the in vivo formation of substances which may produce neurological damage as the result of free radical generation and lipid peroxidation, these may be involved in the etiology of some neurological disorders. Artificial mixtures of the aqueous fraction of coal tar extracts were given in low concentrations to pigmented mice in their drinking water over a 3-month period. This resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation in the striatum, cerebellum and liver of the mice under test, the rank order being striatum 〉 cerebellum 〉 liver. These results are compatible with the possibility that coal tar emissions (as would be recovered or liberated in the burning, refining or beneficiation of coal) constitute a potential source of neurotoxicants with a predilection for damaging the nigrostriatal neuronal pathway. Our observations may thus have identified an important and hitherto unsuspected environmental source of neurotoxic chemicals, a possibility consistent with the proposed involvement of an environmental chemical factor in Parkinson's disease and perhaps in other neurological disorders.
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    Lipid detection by malachite green-aldehyde in the dental basement membrane in the rat incisor (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 685-687 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basement membrane ; Lipids ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Developing rat incisors were treated with malachite green-aldehyde fixative solution (MGA), which retains and stains lipids. We observed positive staining occurring as dots in the basement membrane. Most of these dots (2–3.5 nm in diameter) were grouped in the lamina densa but some were also present in the lamina lucida and the lamina fibroreticularis. These data provide evidence for the existence of lipids in the dental basement membrane and suggest that they are distributed together with the various groups of proteins so far detected.
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    Catecholaminergic nerves in the embryonic chick ovary: co-localization with β2-adrenoceptor-bearing steroidogenic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 1-9 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic nerves ; Steroidogenic cells ; Embryonic ovary ; β 2Adrenoceptors ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study investigates the innervation of the embryonic chick ovary with regard to (i) development and compartmentalization of catecholaminergic nerves, and (ii) presence of adrenoceptors on steroidogenic target cells of catecholaminergic nerve terminals. Catecholaminergic nerve fibers visualized by glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence first appeared at embryonic day (E) 13. From E15 through E21 the density of fluorescent aminergic nerves increased markedly in parallel with the concentration of catecholamines and numbers of nerve bundles and single axons seen at the electron-microscopic level. Catecholaminergic nerves were confined to the ovarian medulla and closely associated with interstitial cells. Nerve terminals approached interstitial cells up to a distance of 20 nm and, in their majority, exhibited uptake of the false adrenergic transmitter 5-hydroxydopamine. Although adrenaline amounted to 14% of the total catecholamine content at E21, adrenaline immunoreactivity was only detected in adrenal chromaffin cells, but not in nerve fibers or cell bodies within the ovary. Interstitial cells structurally matured between E15 and E21 as documented by an increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and tubular mitochondria. Monoclonal antibodies mAB 120 and BRK 2 raised against avian β 1 and mammalian β 2-adrenergic receptors revealed the presence of β 2-adrenoceptor-like immunoreactivity on the surface of interstitial cells, but not on any other cell type. The results are consistent with the notion of a dense adrenergic innervation of the embryonic chick ovarian medulla and its steroidogenic interstitial cells, and suggest the chick ovary as an excellent model for elucidating the functional role of a neural input to steroidogenic cells during development.
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    The pattern of organization of intermediate filaments and their asymmetrical association with dense bodies in smooth muscle of an ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 23-32 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Intermediate filaments ; Dual network ; Ultrastructure ; Ascidian ; Halocynthia roretzi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An extensive network of intermediate filaments that interconnected cytoplasmic dense bodies and connected the dense bodies to the cell surface was revealed in double-fixed, tannic acid-stained preparations of ascidian smooth muscle. The filament network ran through spaces in the continuous network of myofibrils, connecting them longitudinally, obliquely and transversely to form an intimately associated, dual network. In their transverse passage, the intermediate filaments ran across myofibrils along I-zones exclusively, interconnecting successive dense bodies. The pattern of attachment of intermediate filaments to dense bodies was predominantly “one-sided.” The filaments, which themselves were not incorporated into the contractile apparatus, remained folded or unfolded between myofibrils and between sarcomere-like structures in synchrony with the contraction-relaxation cycles. These results suggest that the intermediate filaments mechanically maintain the organization and arrangement of myofibrils via an intimate association with the myofibrils in the regions of the dense bodies, in such a way that the filaments do not impede muscle function. Based on these observations, a new model for the network of intermediate filaments in smooth muscle cells is proposed.
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    Ultrastructure of the tentacles of the apodous holothurian Leptosynapta spp (Holothurioidea: Echinodermata) with special reference to the epidermis and surface coats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 387-397 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tentacles ; Ultrastructure ; Adhesion ; Leptosynapta spp (Holotheorie) ; Echinodermata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tentacles of the apodous holothurian Genus Leptosynapta have been studied by use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The gross anatomy, water vascular system, fibre systems and ectoneural nerve ring are described. A fuzzy coat of attenuated filaments covers the surface of the tentacle, broken only by secretory ducts. A cuticle underlies the fuzzy coat. Bacteria are common in the subcuticular space. Fixation without osmium gives poor preservation of the surface coats. The epidermis consists of a single layer of columnar cells consisting of Type-1, Type-2, support, goblet and uniciliated cells. Type-1 cells secrete electron-dense material and appear to be homologous to adhesive cells of the tentacles of other holothurians. The support cells contain large, granular vesicles not found in other holothurians. Goblet cells contain flocculent mucus and have an apical cilium. Goblet cells are not found in other holothurian tentacles and may function to lubricate and wrap adhering particles to aid their ingestion. The uniciliated cells are rare, poorly developed and the cilium does not extend past the cuticle. The ultrastructure of the tentacles is discussed in relation to those of other holothurians.
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    The ultrastructure of the lung of two newborn marsupial species, the northern native cat, Dasyurus hallucatus, and the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 683-685 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Ultrastructure ; Marsupial ; Newborn ; Surfactant ; Dasyurus hallucatus, Trichosurus vulpecula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lungs of newborn northern native cats, Dasyurus hallucatus and newborn brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula were examined by both light and electron microscopy. The native cat has a birth weight of 18 mg after a gestation of about 21 days, whereas the brushtail possum weights 200 mg at birth and has a gestation period of 17.5 days. The lungs of the native cat are two large respiratory sacs, with a respiratory lining of squamous cells and surfactant-secreting cells. The capillaries are located within the connective tissue just below this respiratory epithelium. The visceral covering of the lung is formed by squamous cells. The lungs of the possum are composed of numerous large respiratory sacs which are separated by connective tissue septa in which the capillaries are located. The sacs, as in other species, are lined with squamous cells and surfactant secreting cells. It is proposed that the structure of the lung of the newborn marsupial is related more to the size of the newborn rather than to the length of the gestation period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216657
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    Vascular response in a non-uterine site to implantation-stage embryos in the rat and guinea-pig: in vivo and ultrastructural studies (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Implantation ; Embryo ; Ultrastructure ; Vasculature ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley) ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preimplantation-stage embryos were transferred to the anterior eye chamber of recipient rats and guinea-pigs. After implantation had occurred the influence of the embryo on the iris vasculature was examined ultrastructurally. In both species, the earliest effect of embryonic implantation was an increased stromal oedema. Under increasing embryonic influence the vascular endothelial cells showed an increased number of projections into the vascular lumen, while in the rat, endothelial projections were also found pushing back into the basement membrane. In the rat, the endothelium became very irregular in thickness prior to complete disintegration and loss during more advanced stages of implantation. Rat embryonic trophoblast was found invading iris vasculature, particularly in areas where the iridial endothelium was partially or completely missing. Other cells in the iris, including the stroma, appeared to be less affected. In the guinea-pig, however, trophoblast cells appeared to be capable of invading the vasculature by displacing endothelial cells that still appeared morphologically normal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220037
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    Morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of the accessory cells of neuromasts in the salamander Pleurodeles waltlii (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral-line sense organs ; Mechanoreceptors ; Supporting cells ; Ultrastructure ; Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural and histochemical features of the accessory cells of the neuromast of the salamander P. waltlii have been examined. Three types of accessory cells, supporting, mantle, and basal, were found, but only the first 2 are considered in this article. Supporting cells characterized by a highly dilated endoplasmic reticulum occur among and surrounding sensory cells. Mantle cells, morphologically different from the supporting cells, surround the remainder of the neuromast. Both types of accessory cells exhibit histochemically different secretory materials. Our morphological results suggest that both accessory cells contribute to the formation of cupular material.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220039
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    Influence of a short light pulse at night on the ultrastructure of the rat pinealocyte: a quantitative study (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 247-249 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinealocyte ; Light exposure ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although it is generally known that light strongly influences N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin production in the pineal gland, little information is available concerning morphological changes following light exposure. As exposure of rats to a short light pulse at night rapidly depresses melatonin synthesis, we decided to determine whether this experimental condition produces rapid changes in the pinealocyte organelles. A 30-min light pulse at night (six hours after lights out) provoked rapid changes in the relative volumes of some pinealocyte organelles. The volume fractions of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and lipid droplets, and the numbers of dense-core vesicles and “synaptic” ribbons decreased, whereas the volume fraction of lysosomes increased. There were no differences in the volumes of granular endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles containing flocculent material in those animals exposed to light compared with control animals. These results indicate that a short light pulse at night causes ultrastructural changes that can be interpreted as morphological features of diminished activity of pinealocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220041
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    Neurosecretory centers from the eyestalk of Siriella armata M. Edw. (Crustacea: Mysidacea): ultrastructural variations during normal and experimentally inhibited molt cycle (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 381-391 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: X-organ ; Sinus gland ; Ultrastructure ; Cyclic activity ; Siriella armata (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the medulla interna-medulla externa X-organ (MI-ME Xo)-sinus gland (SG) complex in the eyestalk of Siriella armata is described during the normal and the experimentally inhibited molt cycle. In the normal SG, four types of neurosecretory axon terminals, each containing distinguishable neurosecretory granules, can be described. Thus, type-2 granules are synthesized by G1 neurons forming the MI-ME Xo. The cell bodies and axonal endings of these cells in the sinus gland have been examined at the following molt stages: intermolt (stage C4), premolt (D0 and D2), and postmolt (A1, A2 and B). Changes in ultrastructure of the G1 cells have been monitored and correlated to inhibitions of the molt-and reproductive cycle produced by electrocauterization of the MI-ME Xo. The results obtained suggest that the neurosecretion from the G1 cells exerts a positive influence on molt and brood preparation. The occurrence of a distal group of G1 cells whose axons terminate at a different site from the SG suggests that the neural factors of the MI-ME Xo are diverse and control different physiological activities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225810
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    Study of neuropeptide Y-containing nerve fibers in the human penis (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 69-74 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ; Penis erection ; Perivascular nerve fibers immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuropeptide Y 1–36 (IR-NPY) immunoreactive nerve-fiber processes have been observed in tunicae of veins and arteries and in smooth muscles of the human penis taken at autopsy or during surgery by use of light-and electron-microscopic immunohistochemical techniques. Numerous IR-NPY nerve fibers were mostly concentrated in the inner part of the adventitia close to the media of the arterial and venous vessels and among the intracavernous smooth muscle cells. IR-NPY nerve fibers were less abundant in veins than in arteries. Positive somata were not observed in the penises. At the ultrastructural level, IR-NPY were localized exclusively in large, dense granules of nerve terminals by means of the postembedding immunogold technique. In the deep dorsal vein, IR-NPY nerve fibers were also located in the media formed by an outer circular and an inner longitudinal layer. In the intracavernous and dorsal arteries, they showed the highest density in the inner part of the adventitia. In the corpora cavernosa and in the corpus spongiosum, IR-NPY nerve processes were intermingled between the smooth-muscle fibers around the sinusoid spaces. IR-NPY nerve fibers were present in the cavernous nerves close to the central arteries. The urethra did not show any IR-NPY-positive nerve fibers. This peculiar distribution of IR-NPY nerve fibers suggested that they could participate in regulating arterial and venous blood flow and intracavernous smooth-muscle tone. NPY may therefore be of importance in some of the mechanisms of penile erection especially during detumescence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220018
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    Implantation of cultured thymic fragments in congenitally athymic (nude) rats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 283-294 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Cultured thymic fragments ; Epithelial cells ; Microenvironment ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (nude)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cultured thymic fragments correspond to the thymic microenvironment depleted of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. When these fragments are implanted under the kidney capsule of congenitally athymic rats, lymphocytes and dendritic cells of host origin enter the graft and induce thymus-dependent immunity in the recipient. This paper describes the ultrastructure of the fragments and the changes that occur during the restoration of normal thymic architecture. At the end of the culture period of 6–9 days and in the early stages after implantation, the grafts consist of keratin-containing epithelial cells of unusual morphology that can be labelled with antibodies raised against the epithelium of the mid/deep cortex and the subcapsule/medulla. Normal thymic architecture develops, including nerves and blood vessels, as lymphocytes populate the environment, and by 4–6 weeks the epithelial cells are the same phenotypically and ultrastructurally as those found in normal rat thymus. However, some areas without lymphocytes still contain the atypical epithelial cells seen before implantation. Large multinucleated giant cells are also present with a few associated epithelial cells of subcapsular/medullary phenotype. In conclusion, the cultured thymic fragments contain a hitherto unknown precursor epithelial cell with an atypical ultrastructure and phenotype that is not seen in normal development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225801
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    An ultrastructural study of mitosis and cytokinesis in normal ‘resting’ human breast (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 581-587 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Normal resting breast ; Ultrastructure ; Mitosis ; Cytokinesis ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The parenchyma of the normal “resting” human breast was examined by electron microscopy to characterize the cells undergoing mitosis and the mechanism by which the normal tissue architecture is maintained during this process. In this study of 112 mitotic cells, it was found that the mitotic cells were luminally positioned, polarised epithelial cells with no evidence of myoepithelial cell division. Ultrastructurally, the nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were consistent with previous reports of mitosis in other tissues. However, unlike all previous reports, two specific orientations of the nuclear spindle and thus the planes of cytokinesis were observed. In a few cases the spindle formed parallel to the lumen and division resulted in two luminally positioned daughter cells. However, in the majority of mitotic cells the spindle was approximately at right angles to the lumen and this orientation resulted in a luminally and a basally positioned daughter cell. It is proposed that the abnormally positioned basal daughter cell could develop into a myoepithelial cell or undergo deletion (apoptosis). Thus the two orientations of mitosis may explain the mechanism by which the epithelial and myoepithelial cell populations were maintained by a single progenitor cell without disrupting the integrity of the tissue architecture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216645
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    Ultrastructure of the ovarian medulla in the newly hatched chick treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 665-670 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Steroid-secreting cells ; Ultrastructure ; Chorionic gonadotropin ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of the ovarian medulla of the newly hatched white leghorn chick were studied in control animals and compared with chicks that were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin during embryonic development. The ovarian medulla was mainly occupied by epithelial cells which formed cords or islets surrounded by a basal lamina. Within this epithelial compartment, steroidogenic cells, poorly differentiated cells and a lacunary system could be recognized. When chicks were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, steroidogenic cells became discernible; there was an increment in the amount of cytoplasm and the area of mitochondria. Poorly differentiated cells exhibited signs of stimulation, and transitional images suggested the transformation of these cells into steroidogenic cells. The epithelial cells of the lacunar system also displayed stimulated cytoplasmic organelles. Evidence was supplied suggesting that relatively undifferentiated cells persist in the ovarian medulla until hatching and can develop into steroidogenic cells under gonadotropic stimulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219758
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    Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the ascidian endostyle (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 137-143 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endostyle ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Granules ; Ciona intestinalis ; Corella parallelogramma, (Tunicata) ; Ascidia mentula (Tunicata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular and subcellular distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the endostyle of three species of ascidians, Ciona intestinalis, Corella parallelogramma, Ascidia mentula, was studied by light-(immunoperoxidase) and electron-microscopic (immunogold) immunocytochemistry. At the light-microscopic level 5-HT-like immunoreactivity (5-HT-LI) was exclusively found in cells located in the lateral portion of the endostyle, between zone 7, known to have iodinating capacity, and zone 8, which consists of ciliated cells. At the electron-microscopic level, the 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were found to correspond to cells containing polymorphous, dense granules, 100–300 nm in diameter. The granules were located in the supranuclear cytoplasm facing the endostyle lumen as well as in the infranuclear cytoplasm facing the extracellular space. Quantification showed that the 5-HT-LI was considerably higher (13–67 times) in cytoplasmic areas containing granules as compared to areas devoid of granules. Most, but not all, of the 5-HT-LI was associated with the dense core of the granules. In conclusion, serotonin-containing cells are located in the peripheral portion of the endostyle, between zones 7 and 8. Serotonin is stored in cytoplasmic granules that are present both in the apical and basal cytoplasm. This suggests the possibility that the cells are bipolar and secrete serotonin both in a basal direction to the extracellular space, and in an apical direction to the pharyngeal lumen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221748
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    Effect of live and heat-killed bacteria on the secretory activity of Paneth cells in germ-free mice (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 87-93 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cells ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Facultative anaerobes ; Germ-free mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Germ-free mice were given live or heat-killed facultative anaerobes, and the ultrastructure of ileal Paneth cells was quantitatively examined with special reference to secretory granules showing a bipartite substructure (central core and peripheral halo). After administering live or heatkilled bacteria, there was a decrease in the area occupied by the cores of secretory granules in Paneth cells, and exocytosed core material was observed in the crypt lumen. There were no changes in the area occupied by the halo of secretory granules. None of the examined Paneth cells phagocytosed bacteria. It is concluded that certain bacteria may affect the secretion of antibacterial agents contained in the secretory granules of Paneth cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215451
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    Three-dimensional organization of the plasmalemmal vesicular system in directly frozen capillaries of the rete mirabile in the swim bladder of the eel (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Swim bladder ; Capillaries ; Vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Cryofixation ; Anguilla rostrata (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several recent studies comparing chemically fixed and cryofixed endothelium have indicated that glutaraldehyde fixation may result in increases in the population of “vesicles” in the cytoplasm. Other reports based on ultrathin serial-section reconstruction of chemically fixed endothelium have revealed that the vesicular system is comprised of interconnected membranous compartments, which are ultimately continuous with either cell surface but do not extend across the endothelial cell. In this study, we have investigated the three-dimensional organization of the vesicular system in directly frozen, freeze-substituted capillaries of the rete mirabile from the swim bladder of the eel, specifically using the same block of embedded capillaries in which frozen capillaries had previously been found to contain less “vesicles” than chemically fixed capillaries. The results show that essentially all vesicles remain inter-connected with each other and are part of two separate sets of invaginations from the luminal and abluminal cell surface like in chemically fixed tissue. Any increase in vesicle number resulting from glutaraldehyde fixation does not affect the overall three-dimensional organization of the vesicular system in these endothelial cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220012
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    Changes in proteins synthesized by rabbit endometrial epithelial cells following primary culture (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 123-132 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterine epithelium ; Cell culture ; Proteins ; Ultrastructure ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological and biochemical changes occurring in rabbit endometrial epithelial cells when placed in culture were investigated. Cells were examined by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture. Morphologically, cultured cells are shorter and broader than the columnar epithelial cells in vivo, but retain their polarity as indicated by the presence of apical microvilli and a well-developed junctional belt. To study changes in biochemical function, proteins synthesized by cells in primary culture were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins were labeled during a 24-h incubation with 35S-methionine and gels examined by fluorography. The pattern of proteins changed after cells had been in culture for 48 h. On day 3 new proteins were synthesized and several protein species labeled during days 1 or 2 of culture, including uteroglobin, no longer appeared. On days 3–8 of culture the protein patterns were similar. Addition of progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, or combinations of these hormones to the culture medium for 24–144 h failed to elicit consistent changes in the pattern of labeled proteins established after 3 days of culture. Minor differences in protein patterns among unrelated cultures appear to have been derived from the original cells of the culture. These results indicate that after 48 h in primary culture, cells grown in vitro resemble endometrial epithelial cells morphologically, but no longer reflect functionally the character of epithelial cells in the uterus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213833
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    Formation of desmosomes and other contact specializations in cultured skin of the frog (Rana esculenta) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog skin culture ; Desmogenesis ; Interdigitations ; Lamellipodia ; Ultrastructure ; Rana esculenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small trypsinized explants from ventral skin of frogs (Rana esculenta) were maintained in culture for 4 days during which a newly formed epithelium differentiated along the cut edges of the dermis. During the first 6 h adjacent cells produced numerous interdigitating lamellipodia. After 2 days, epithelial polarity was restored by the formation of zonulae occludentes and the epithelial cells were joined by a few small newly formed desmosomes and by numerous interdigitations. Bipartite junctional complexes consisting of a zonula occludens, followed by a series of typical desmosomes, and characteristic of adult frog epidermis were formed only after 4 days. When cultured in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) the trypsinized epidermis no longer formed desmosomes. Therefore pools of one or more crucial desmosomal proteins must be very low or non-existent. However, cycloheximide did not prevent the formation of cell contact specializations, consisting of a highly developed system of complex lamellar interdigitations, between adjacent cells.
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    Morphology of smooth muscle cells in the rat thoracic duct (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thoracic duct ; Smooth muscle cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of the smooth muscle cells in the wall of the rat thoracic duct were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The muscle layer basically consists of a single layer of circularly arranged cells. The smooth muscle cell is fusiform or ribbon-like in shape, as in veins or venules with a similar or smaller diameter. Connections by spinous processes are observed between adjacent muscle cells along their length. Spot-like membrane contacts frequently occur in areas where facing membranes are closely apposed. These are thought to be gap junctions and may be responsible for electrical coupling and mechanical attachment. Large invaginations arranged regularly in rows on the surface of the smooth muscle cells can be observed. These invaginations are closely associated with a flattened sarcoplasmic reticulum, and caveolae tend to open into the invaginations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215831
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    Atropine inhibits the degranulation of Paneth cells in ex-germ-free mice (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cells ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Atropine ; Germ-free/Ex-germ-free ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that the secretory products of Paneth cells contain antibacterial agents (lysozyme, IgA) that are affected by the bacterial milieu in the intestine. To investigate whether Paneth-cell secretion is controlled via cholinergic mechanisms, the ultrastructure of Paneth cells was studied in four animal groups: (1) germfree (GF) control mice (Jcl: ICR [GN], male, 13 weeks old), (2) GF mice injected subcutaneously with atropine sulfate (200 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in physiological saline 20 mg/ml), (3) ex-GF mice inoculated with feces from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice, and (4) ex-GF mice injected with atropine and inoculated with feces from SPF mice. In ex-GF mice inoculated with feces, 70–90% of the Paneth cells showed fewer secretory granules than those from GF mice (p〈0.01). Approximately 30% of the Paneth cells had a large vacuole (3–10 μm diameter) in the apical cytoplasm. Exocytosed electron-dense material from secretory granules was observed in a few crypt lumens. In ex-GF mice inoculated with feces and given atropine, about 90% of the Paneth cells contained numerous secretory granules, like those in GF control mice, but vacuolated Paneth cells and exocytotic figures were rare; thus the secretion of Paneth cells was blocked by atropine. It is therefore possible that the bacterial milieu in the intestine affects the secretory activity of Paneth cells via cholinergic mechanisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222296
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    Lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa of chickens (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 189-195 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Epithelium ; Mast cells ; Granular leukocytes ; Basophils ; Ultrastructure ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination, by light and electron microscopy, of the morphology and the staining properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes from the intestine of the chicken revealed a population of lymphoid cells, of which a proportion (up to 20%) is granulated. The majority of cells were immunoreactive with anti-T cell serum and can therefore be considered to be related to T-lymphocytes, but they did not proliferate when cultured with phytohaemagglutinin. The granulated cells were identical to those previously designated globule-containing leukocytes, but were distinct from mast cells in their morphology, staining reactions and the stability of the granules in different fixatives and buffers.
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    Structural changes produced in Kupffer cells in the rat liver by injection of lipopolysaccharide (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 205-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kupffer cells ; Granulocytes ; Ultrastructure ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Liver ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of Kupffer cells has been studied at various times after an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortus equii. The most prominent effects were: an increase in the number and dimensions of phagocytic vacuoles (often containing ingested LPS and neutrophilic granulocytes); mitochondrial damage, including disintegration of the matrix and cristae; an increase in the amount of dilated, lucent rough endoplasmic reticulum; presence of fat droplets in the cytoplasm. Five days after injection of lipopolysaccharide, the Kupffer cells had resumed their normal ultrastructure. Several minutes after injection of lipopolysaccharide, platelets adhered to the Kupffer and endothelial cells. Between one and six hours, neutrophilic granulocytes accumulated in the liver sinusoids. The resulting obstruction of the hepatic microcirculation most probably affected cellular ultrastructure by ischaemia. At three days, the number of Kupffer cells was doubled, and increased further at later time intervals.
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    Melanophore death and disappearance produces color metamorphosis in the polychromatic Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 9-14 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatophores ; Color change ; Ultrastructure ; Melanophores ; Macrophages ; Xanthophores ; Cichlasoma citrinellum (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe the histological basis of color metamorphosis in the polychromatic Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum. Eight percent of the individuals in a natural population transform from gray with black markings to orange, simultaneously losing their ability to adjust coloration in response to background and social context. This trait is inherited. Light- and electron microscopy revealed that this transformation is a two-step process. First, the melanophores die, then macrophage-like cells remove the debris. As a result of this initial process, the underlying xanthophores become visible, producing the orange coloration. A similar process may occur in individuals that further transform to white, or go directly from gray to white.
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    Stage of inhibition of lipid peroxidation during stress (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1684-1688 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; pain syndrome ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00802165
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    Concentrations of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzyme activity in myocardium and liver of rats differing in vitamin E intake (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1697-1699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; superoxide dismutase ; glutathione peroxidase ; avitaminosis E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00802169
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    Mechanisms of development of thioridazine retinopathy (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: retina ; thioridazine ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00835448
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    Effect of ischemia and reperfusion of the rat brain on lipid peroxidation and the protective effect of antioxidants (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 466-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: brain ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841175
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    Time course of lipid peroxidation and tissue respiration during healing of experimental aseptic and infected wounds (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 660-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: wound ; inflammatory process ; lipid peroxidation ; tissue respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841523
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    Initiation of lipid peroxidation in lysosomal membranes by activated blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 799-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; liposomes ; polymorphonuclear leukocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842131
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    Role of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and lipid peroxidation in bacterial infections of the CNS (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 796-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bacterial infections of the nervous system ; lipid peroxidation ; ceruloplasmin ; transferrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842130
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    Activation of peroxidation of brain lipids during intracerebral hemorrhage (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 802-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; homorrhage into the brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842132
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    Liver mono-oxygenase system function in experimental myocardial infarction (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 953-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: myocardial infarction ; liver mono-oxygenase ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00834646
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    Effect of plant growth regulators-hydrazine derivatives—On microsomal systems of the liver (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 960-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: p-hydroxylation of aniline ; N-demethylation of aminopyrine ; superoxide dismutase ; lipid peroxidation ; hydrazine derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00834648
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    Role of monoamine oxidase in the intensification of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in experimental myocardial necrosis (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 965-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: myocardial necrosis ; monoamine oxidase ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00834650
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    Free-radical oxidation and antiradical defense of the brain during adaptation to chronic stress (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1091-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; adaptation ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840365
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    Lipid peroxidation promotes intracellular cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerosis (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1232-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; lipoproteins ; cholesterol ; biomembranes ; atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00834481
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    Effect of lighting conditions on circadian rhythm of rectal temperature in mice (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1337-1340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: temperature ; natural conditions ; continuois light ; circadian rhythm ; segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00834513
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    State of lipid peroxidation and the calcium transport enzyme system in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the ischemic myocardium (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1224-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: heart ; ischemia ; lipid peroxidation ; calcium uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00834479
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