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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (9)
  • Seismological Society of America  (5)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1950-1954
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Year
  • 1
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    Assessing seismic damage through stochastic simulation of ground shaking: the case of the 1998 Faial Earthquake (Azores Islands) (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-23
    Description: In July 1998, an Mw = 6.2 earthquake struck the islands of Faial, Pico and San Jorge (in the Azores Archipelago), registering VIII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale and causing major destruction in the northeastern part of Faial. The main shock was located offshore, 8 km North East of the island, and it triggered a seismic sequence that lasted for several weeks. The existing data for this earthquake include both the general tectonic environment of the region and the teleseismic information. This is accompanied by one strong-motion record obtained 15 km from the epicentre, the epicentre location of aftershocks, and a large collection of the damage inflicted to the building stock (as poor rubble masonry, of 2-3 storeys). The present study was carried out in two steps: first, with a finite-fault stochastic simulation method of ground motion at sites throughout the affected islands, for two possible locations of the rupturing fault and for a large number of combinations of rupture mechanisms (as a parametric analysis); secondly, the damage to buildings was modelled using a well-known macroseismic method that considers the building typologies and their associated vulnerabilities. The main intent was to integrate different data (geological, seismological and building features) to produce a scenario model to reproduce and justify the level of damage generated during the Faial earthquake. Finally, through validation of the results provided by these different approaches, we obtained a complete procedure for the parameters of a first model for the production of seismic damage scenarios for the Azores Islands region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 361–381
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Stochastic finite-fault scenarios ; Building damage assessment ; 9th July Faial earthquake ; Azores Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Uncertainties in strong ground-motion prediction with finite-fault synthetic seismograms: an application to the 1984 M 5.7 Gubbio, central Italy, earthquake. (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study investigates the engineering applicability of two conceptually different finite-fault simulation techniques. We focus our attention on two important aspects: first to quantify the capability of the methods to reproduce the observed ground-motion parameters (peaks and integral quantities); second to quantify the dependence of the strong-motion parameters on the variability in the large-scale kinematic definition of the source (i.e. position of nucleation point, value of the rupture velocity and distribution of the final slip on the fault). We applied an approximated simulation technique, the Deterministic-Stochastic Method DSM, and a broadband technique, the Hybrid-Integral-Composite method HIC, to model the 1984 Mw 5.7 Gubbio, central Italy, earthquake, at 5 accelerometric stations. We first optimize the position of nucleation point and the value of rupture velocity for three different final slip distributions on the fault by minimizing an error function in terms of acceleration response spectra in the frequency band from 1 to 9 Hz. We found that the best model is given by a rupture propagating at about 2.65 km/s from a hypocenter located approximately at the center of the fault. In the second part of the paper we calculate more than 2400 scenarios varying the kinematic source parameters. At the five sites we compute the residuals distributions for the various strong-motion parameters and show that their standard deviations depend on the source-parameterization adopted by the two techniques. Furthermore, we show that, Arias Intensity and significant duration are characterized by the largest and smallest standard deviation, respectively. Housner Intensity results better modeled and less affected by uncertainties in the source kinematic parameters than Arias Intensity. The fact that the uncertainties in the kinematic model affects the variability of different ground-motion parameters in different ways has to be taken into account when performing hazard assessment and earthquake engineering studies for future events.
    Description: In press
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ground-motion simulation ; Gubbio 1984 ; ground-motion variability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Simulating Earthquake Scenarios in the European Project LESSLOSS: The Case of Lisbon (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-30
    Description: Within the framework of the European LESSLOSS Project “Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides”, finite-fault seismological models have been proposed for the computation of earthquake scenarios for three urban areas: Istanbul (Turkey), Lisbon (Portugal) and Thessaloniki (Greece). For each case study, ground motion scenarios were developed for the two most probable events with different return periods (generally 50 and 500 years), locations and magnitudes that were derived from historical and geological data. The ground motion simulations were performed in the frequency band of engineering interest (0.5-20 Hz) by two numerical finite-fault methods: a hybrid deterministic-stochastic method, DSM, used for all of the cases investigated, and a non-stationary stochastic finite-fault simulation method, RSSIM, applied only in the case of Lisbon. In the present study, the results with respect to bedrock and surface are presented in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the city of Lisbon and the surrounding area, using earthquake scenarios from the onshore source area of the Lower Tagus Valley, and from the offshore source area of the Marques de Pombal fault, which is one of the possible sources of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Site effects are evaluated by means of a properly designed equivalent stochastic non-linear one-dimensional ground response analyses of stratified soil profile units. The requirements of the users (e.g., engineers, local administrators) constrain the choice of the scenario that can be adopted as input for disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling; in the case of Lisbon, the maximum values of shaking were assumed as the criteria for the reference scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 233-243
    Description: 3T. Storia Sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Simulating Earthquake Scenarios ; European LESSLOSS project ; The Case of Lisbon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 4
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    Recalibration of the Magnitude Scales at Campi Flegrei, Italy, on the Basis of Measured Path and Site and Transfer Functions (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
    Description: New duration-based local (ML) and moment (Mw) magnitude scales are obtained for the Campi Flegrei area through analysis of a dataset of local volcanotectonic earthquakes. First, the S-wave quality factor for the investigated area was experimentally calculated, and then the distance-correction curve, log A0(r), to be used in the Richter formula ML = log Amax − log A0(r), was numerically estimated by measuring the attenuation properties and, hence, propagating a synthetic S-wave packet in the earth medium. The local magnitude scale was normalized to fit the Richter formula that was valid for Southern California at a distance of 10 km. ML was estimated by synthesizing Wood–Anderson seismograms and measuring the maximum amplitude. For the same dataset, the moment magnitude was obtained from S-wave distance-corrected and site-corrected displacement spectra. Comparisons between local and moment magnitudes determined, along with the old duration magnitude (MD) routinely used at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia– Osservatorio Vesuviano, are presented and discussed. Moreover, the relationships between ML and Mw calculated for two reference sites are also derived.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1964-1974
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: magnitude ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Correlation between damage distribution and ambient noise H/V spectral ratio: the SESAME project results (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: In the framework of the SESAME project one of the taskswas the compilation of all available ambient noise measurements within urban environments affected by historical or/and recent strong earthquakes in Europe. The aim of such a task was to give an answer to the question; “How does horizontal-to-vertical ambient noise spectral ratio compare with damage in modern cities?”. For this purpose five European urban areas, namely, Angra do Heroismo (Portugal), Fabriano and Palermo (Italy), Thessaloniki and Kalamata (Greece) were selected for which spatial damage information was available either in terms of modified Mercalli intensity or in EMS98 damage grades. The geological setting of the examined sites as well as the causative earthquakes are satisfactorily known. Ambient noise recordings compiled for all examined sites have been homogeneously processed by a technique developed and agreed upon SESAME project. Using a standard multivariate statistical analysis, namely, factor analysis and canonical correlation, the horizontal-to-vertical ambient noise spectral ratio (HVNSR) is correlated with damage pattern observed within examined urban areas. Results show that, in some cases (Thessaloniki, Palermo), the HVNSR seems to be able to differentiate between areas previously shown to be associated with higher damage. In other cases however (Angra do Heroismo, Fabriano, Kalamata), the correlation is not statistically significant indicating thus the complex character of the parameters involved, implying that currently there is no a straightforward way that a value of HVNSR can correctly predict the extent to which a given region will be associated with increased damage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 109–140
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ambient noise ; Site effect ; Macroseismic intensity ; Factor and canonical analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Stress Directions and Shear-Wave Anisotropy: Observations from Local (2007)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The spatial distribution of 414 earthquakes (1.0 ≤ ML ≤ 4.6), recorded from 1994 to 2002 in Southeastern Sicily (Italy), has been analyzed; it generally coincides with mapped Plio-Quaternary faults, including the NNW-SSE offshore fault system which is the most important tectonic structure of the area. For the best located events, we computed 70 focal mechanisms by combining P-wave polarities with S-wave polarizations. A predominance of strike-slip and normal faults was observed. Focal mechanisms were then inverted for stress tensor parameters using the algorithm of Gephart and Forsyth. The results highlighted a region governed mainly by a compressional stress regime. Moreover, anisotropy analysis of shear-waves showed a polarization of fast S-waves prevalently aligned in the NNW-SSE to NW-SE direction over the whole area. A finer analysis of stress tensor evidenced three regions characterized by slightly differing orientation of the greatest principal stress axis, 1. The eastern sector displays a nearly horizontal 1 trending NW-SE; the central sector is affected by a low dip NNW-SSE 1; whereas in the western sector a 1 NNW-SSE oriented, with a higher dip angle, was detected. Finally, the comparison of the spatial distribution of seismicity occurring during 1994-2002, with locations of previous instrumental earthquakes and larger (M ≥ 5.0) historical events showed that the seismic patterns are persistent.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1359–1374
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stress direction ; focal mechanisms ; Shear-Wave Anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    High-Precision Relative Locations of Two Microearthquake Clusters in Southeastern Sicily, Italy (2007)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In November 1999 and in January 2000, two microearthquake swarms occurred in Southeastern Sicily (Italy). They were analytically located in the depth range 17-25 km, some kilometers northward from the buried front of a regional foredeep, below the active thrust zone of the Sicily mountain chain. Their hypocentral distribution showed two distinct clusters, and comparison of the waveforms revealed clearly that the two swarms formed two distinct families of multiplet events. This led us: i) to carry out a precise relocation relative to two chosen master events of the families, and ii) to better define the geometrical structure of the two clusters. The cross-spectral method was applied to obtain precise readings of the wave onsets. SH-wave onsets were used instead of P-waves, as they showed clearer onsets and a good signal-to-noise ratio. Residuals of the relative locations showed small values, no more than several meters on average. The vertical extent of the two relocated clusters was 500 m and 250 m, respectively, while the horizontal extent was 250 m. Hypocenters of the first cluster clearly delineate a NNW trending plane with almost vertical dip, matching one nodal plane of the focal mechanism obtained as a composite solution of all events of the cluster. Given the considerable gap angles, because of unfavorable network geometry with respect to the events, the stability of our results was tested carrying out a Montecarlo experiment. Varying the onset times randomly in the range of 5 ms, a dispersion of the locations less than 10 m in longitude, and less than 50 m both in latitude and depth was found. Similar results were obtained when comparing relocations carried out with different master events. Thus, the overall geometrical characteristics of the clusters were not affected seriously by random errors. Considering the geo-structural framework of the region, together with the location and time evolution of the two clusters, fluids of plutonic origin are suggested as the trigger mechanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1479–1497
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake swarms ; cross-correlation ; relative location ; master-event technique ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The 1138-1139 and 1156-1159 destructive seismic crises in Syria, south-eastern Turkey and northern Lebanon (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The aim of this study is to shed light ontwo important destructive seismicsequences, about 20 years apart (1138–1139and 1156–1159), which hit the northernsector of the Dead Sea transform faultsystem (DSTFS), in the easternMediterranean region. Although some ofthese earthquakes were already known to thescholarly tradition, the interpretationsprovided until today have largely beenpartial and characterised by uncertaintiesand discrepancies among the variousauthors. Our study has developed throughresearch into the original Arabic, Syriac,Armenian and Latin texts and a criticalanalysis relating to a territory fragmentedby the presence of the Christian-Latinstates. This analysis has allowed us toshed light on the already existing, albeitoften uncertain, information and to add newelements of these two important series ofearthquake shocks to our knowledge base.As regards the first seismic sequence(October 1138–June 1139), apart from havingdefined the date with greater accuracy,eight new locations affected have beenidentified, unknown to previous studies.The shocks jolted a vast area withdestructive effects, including theterritory of Aleppo (modern Halab, Syria)and the western part of the region ofEdessa (modern Urfa, Turkey).The second seismic sequence (September1156–May 1159) was much longer anddevastating, and hit a huge area, includedbetween the present-day territories ofnorth-western Syria, northern Lebanon andthe region of Antioch (modern Antakya, insouthern Turkey). A detailed analysis ofthe primary sources has allowed toreconstruct the series of shocks withchronological detail of the effects,improving our previous knowledge. Lastly,the authors formulate an hypothesis as tothe possible seismogenic zones affected.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-127
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; seismic sequences ; Lebanon ; Syria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Complex Normal Faulting in the Apennines Thrust-and-Fold Belt: The 1997 Seismic sequence in Central Italy (2005)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A long sequence of moderate-magnitude earthquakes (5 M 6) struck central Italy in September and October 1997. At the end of the sequence a year later, the seismogenic area extends for about 60 km along the Apennines. The analysis of historical seismicity suggests that this seismic sequence filled a 700-year gap in this portion of the chain. Other historical sequences in the same area are characterized by prolonged seismic release on adjacent fault segments, probably due to the involvement of shallow and complex structures inherited by the compressive tectonics. The distribution of seismicity and the fault-plane solutions show that the extension in this region is accomplished by normal faults dipping at relatively low angles ( 40 ) to the southwest. The focal mechanisms of the largest shocks reveal normal faulting with extension perpendicular to the Apenninic chain (northeast–southwest), consistently with the Quaternary tectonics of the internal sector of the northern Apennine belt and with previous earthquakes in adjacent regions. Three mainshocks occurred on distinct 5- to 10-km-long fault segments, adjacent and slightly offset between each other. High-quality aftershock locations show that seismicity is confined within the sedimentary Mesozoic cover in the upper 8 km of the crust and that most of the aftershocks are shallower than the largest shocks, which nucleated at 6-km depth. Faults evidenced by aftershock locations have a planar geometry and show increased complexity toward the surface. Most of the aftershock focal mechanisms are dominated by normal faulting. Several strike-slip events occurred at shallow depths, reactivating portions of pre-existing thrust planes that segment the normal fault system. The spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity shows a peculiar migration of hypocenters along the strike of the main faults with multiple ruptures and the activation of fault segments before the occurrence of the main rupture episodes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 99-116
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic ; Sequence ; Central Italy ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 2909303 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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