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  • CTD  (8)
  • Ocean temperature  (6)
  • Fisheries
  • General Chemistry
  • Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (16)
  • 2005-2009  (16)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 59-54
    Description: In August and September 1958 a number of oceanographic sections were made in the R.R.S. DISCOVERY II, Captain James Gray, under the scientific leadership of H. F. P. Herdman. These sections comprise part of a joint program undertaken by the National Institute of Oceanography and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the International Geophysical Year.
    Description: The United States participation in this program was supported by the Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr 2196(00) with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Discovery II (Ship) International Geophysical Year Cruise 3 ; Ocean temperature ; Echo sounding ; Chemical oceanography ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 2
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: Office of Scientific Research and Development National Defense Research Committee Division C - Section 4. OSRD No., Section No. C4=sr31-137
    Description: Please see https://hdl.handle.net/1912/29562 for appendix information. With moderate or light winds and a clear sky the diurnal heating which occurs near the sea surface can cause a serious reduction in the range of submarine detection, especially on shallow targets. This has usually been called the "afternoon effect", although as will be noticed below the ranges often remain short long after sun down. The heating of surface waters which causes such sharp downward refraction can of course be noted on a bathythermograph record, provided pen vibration does not confuse the upper part of the trace. Unfortunately it is the upper 20 or 30 feet of a bathythermograph curve which in the case of ships moving faster than 12 knots is often somewhat difficult to read with sufficient certainty. Moreover, in planning a days operations it is clearly desirable to know in advance how much reduction in range may be expected from diurnal warming. Unfortunately it has turned out that five, more or less independent variables are involved. Listed in the order of their importance these are as follows: the altitude of the sun, the degree of cloud coverage, the strength of the wind, the difference in temperature between air and water, and the humidity of the air. It was at first thought that wind and cloud observations alone would be sufficient in most cases for a rough prediction of the seriousness of diurnal warming to echo ranging conditions. Thus it has been previously reported that with winds of force 4 or greater it can be expected that turbulence will prevent thermal stability from developing at depths critical to sound ranging, while with lighter winds ranges will be more or less reduced in the afternoon, except during cloudy weather. But the problem is considerably more complex than this and such simplification is not always justified.
    Description: Contract OEMsr-31
    Keywords: Submarines (Ships) ; Sonar ; Ocean temperature
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 3
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The first year of the New England Regional Fisheries Management Council has been marked by its experimental aura. Neither the Council nor the various sectors (representatives of the Federal and State agencies, members of the fishing industry, the public at large) were clear as to exactly what they were to do and how they were to do it--except in the broadest, most flexible (ambiguous?) terms. This created certain operational difficulties, and confusion for those whose livelihood was affected by the Council's operation. This latter group, particularly the fishermen, knew little of what went on, save in terms of the 'public facet of the Council--i.e., that portion of the Council's performance which occurred during the monthly meetings which were open to the public and which, supposedly, received public input at that time. This study defines that public face, deliberately avoiding the presentation of any data which was not accessible to the average audience participant, in an attempt to present some of the behavior which all participants demonstrated and which generated responses and reactions on the part of the other sectors. It uses standard anthropological techniques of data gathering and analysis to show the degree to which impression management on the part of all the actors operated in a systematic fashion to produce action, reaction, and counter-action. Particularly emphasized is the communication aspects.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-7-158-44104, and the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and by sabbatical funding from the State University of New York.
    Keywords: Legislation ; Fisheries ; Sociocultural analysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 4
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Fish and fishermen appear to be in a serious decline in New England. The haddock are overfished, inshore herring stocks are depleted, yellowtail flounder and lobster are scarce. The popular image is of grizzled fishermen, their boats chipped, scarred, old-fashioned hulks of wood tied up two and three abreast along the rotting wharves and piers of New England's depressed port towns. In this research project, we wanted to determine the state of the New England fishing industry and to propose acceptable methods for the management of the fishery. During our early discussions with the fishing industry people, we mentioned that we were interested in limited effort programs as they might be applied to New England fishermen. We carefully, and probably tediously, explained the "theory of limited effort" and we were generally thought to be daft. We were told we had things backwards--that the fishing industry needed more fish, more men, more boats - and that the way to accomplish this was to get a 200-mile fishing limit and kick the foreigners out. One of these wishes has come true - in the spring of 1976, P.L. 94-265 established a 200-mile fishing zone off the United States, with regional management councils to make management plans and allocate the resources first to United States fishermen, with surpluses to foreign fishermen.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-5-158-8 and Grant #04-6-158-44106, and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This report describes calibration techniques developed over the past three years for the WHOI/Brown CTD in the Moored Array Program. Comparison is made with classical methods of hydrography for stations obtained in the MODE-1 density program. Methods for temperature lag correction and conversion of conductivity to salinity are given.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: CTD ; Calibration ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Hydrograhic (CTD) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations were made on the North Brazil shelf adjacent to the mouth of the Amazon River during R/V Iselin cruise I9113 November 5-25, 1991 as part of A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study (AMASSEDS). These observations were obtained during a large-scale survey on Leg 3 in support of geological and geochemical sampling, and during a frontal zone survey on Leg 4 consisting of 14 and 26 hourly CTD casts at anchored stations. The maximum sampling depth at each station was within two meters of the bottom. The primary objectives of the AMASSEDS hydrographic meaurement program were (a) to observe and characterize the temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, fluorescence and light transmission fields and their spatial variabilty on the north Brazilian shelf directly influenced by the Amazon River discharge, (b) to resolve the seaward extent and vertical structure of the surface plume of low salinity Amazon River water during different stages of river discharge, (c) to describe the spatial structure of the turbidity and associated suspended sediment distributions across the shelf, (d) to chacterize the properties of the Amazon shelf water beneath the surface plume and their seasonal variabilty, and (e) to describe the landward penetration of the North Brazil Current with respect to water properties and shelf currents. This report represents a summary in graphic and tabular form of the hydrograhic observations made during the fourth AMASSEDS cruise (I9113) on the R/V Iselin.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE 88-12917.
    Keywords: Hydrography ; CTD ; Suspended sediment ; North Brazil Coastal Region ; Amazon River ; AmasSeds (A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study) ; Equator ; Equatorial ; Columbus Iselin (Ship) Cruise CI9113
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The Synoptic Ocean Prediction Experiment (SYNOP) was an ambitious, multi-faceted program focused on the dynamics and predictailty of the Gulf Stream and its recirculations. The moored array component contained the arrays; one just downstream of Cape Hatteras (the "Inlet Array"), one near 68°W (the SYNOP "Central Array") and one near 55°W ("SYNOP East") to which this report is addessed. There were two settings of the SYNOP East array, the first, from fall 1987 to summer 1989, contained 42 current meters on 13 moorings straddling the mean axis of the Stream and extending north and south into the two recirculations. The second extended the southernmost six moorings for an additional two years until summer 1991. Performance was excellent and all instruments but one were recovered.
    Description: Funding was provided by Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-85-C-0001 and National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE86-08258.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Ocean temperature ; Moored instruments ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise ; Charles Darwin (Ship) Cruise ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: A trans-Indian Ocean hydrographic section employing CTD/O2 profilers was conducted between Africa and Australia during austral spring 1987. The cruise track ranged between 29°S and 34°S; the average latitude of the crossing was 32°S. The purpose of the cruise was to explore various aspects of the South Indian Ocean including the characteristics of the core water masses of this ocean, the strength of the subtropical gyre, the structure and transport of deep western-boundary currents, and the net meridional heat flux. A total of 109 CTD/O2 profiles with associated rosette water sample measurements and 347 XBT profiles were collected, supplemented by underway upper ocean velocity, bathymetric and sea surface temperature and salinity data. This report detals the data collection, calibration, and reduction methods, and summarizes the hydrographic observations.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE 86-14497.
    Keywords: CTD ; Hydrographic ; Charles Darwin (Ship) Cruise CD29
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Hydrographic (CTD) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations were made on the North Brazil shelf adjacent to the mouth of the Amazon River during R/V Iselin cruise I9004 May 23-June 13, 1990 as part of A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study (AMASSEDS). These observations were obtained during a small-scale survey on Leg 1 in support of mooring deployment operations, during a large-scale survey on Leg 3 in support of geological and geochemical sampling, during a frontal zone survey on Leg 4 consisting of 12 and 24 hourly CTD casts at anchored stations, and during a bottom tripod recovery on Leg 5. The maximum sampling depth at each station was within two meters of the bottom. The primary objectives of the AMASSEDS hydrographic measurement program were (a) to observe and characterize the temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, fluorescence and light transmission fields and their spatial variabilty on the North Brazilian shelf directly influenced by the Amazon River discharge, (b) to resolve the seaward extend and vertical structure of the surface plume of low salinity Amazon River water during different stages of river discharge, (c) to describe the spatial structure of the turbidity and associate suspended sediment distributions across the shelf, (d) to characterize the properties of the Amazon shelf water beneath the surface plume and their seasonal variabilty, and (e) to describe the landward penetration of the North Brazil Current with respect to water properties and shelf currents. This report represents a summary in graphic and tabular form of the hydrographic observations made during the third AMASSEDS cruise (I9004) on the R/V Iselin.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE 88-12917.
    Keywords: Hydrography ; CTD ; Suspended sediment ; AmasSeds (A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study) ; North Brazil Coastal Region ; Columbus Iselin (Ship) Cruise CI9004
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 10
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: AQUI89 is a real-time shipboard Conductivity Temperature Depth profiler (CTD) data acquisition system used at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to collect, preview and store (log) data from the WHOI/Brown Mark III CTD microprofiler on a MicroVAX II computer, running the VAX/VMS operating system, version 5.3. This manual contains the instructions for operation of the AQUI89 data acquisition system version 1.0.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. OCE87-12087 and OCE90-05218.
    Keywords: CTD ; Acquisition ; Operator's guide
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Hydrographic (CTD) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations were made on the North Brazil shelf adjacent to the mouth of the Amazon River during R/V Iselin cruise I9002 February 10-March 29, 1990 as part of A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study (AMASSEDS). These observations were obtained during a small-scale survey on Leg 1 in support of mooring deployment operations, during a lage-scale survey on Leg 3 in support of geological and geochemical sampling, during a frontal zone survey on Leg 4 consisting of 12 and 24 hourly CTD casts at anchored stations, and during a bottom tripod recovery on Leg 5. The maximum sampling depth at each station was within two meters of the bottom. The primary objectives of the AMASSEDS hydrographic measurement program were (a) to observe and characterize the temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, fluorescence and light transmission fields and their spatial variability on the North Brazilian shelf directly influence by the Amazon River discharge, (b) to resolve the seaward extent and vertical structure of the surface plume of low salinity Amazon River water during different stages of river discharge, (c) to describe the spatial structure of the turbidity and associate suspended sediment distributions across the shelf, (d) to characterize the properties of the Amazon shelf water beneath the surface plume and their seasonal variability, and (e) to describe the landward penetration of the North Brazil Current with respect to water properties and shelf currents. This report represents a summary in graphic and tabular form of the hydrographic observations made during the seond AMASSEDS cruise (I9002) on the R/V Iselin.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE 88-12917.
    Keywords: Hydrography ; CTD ; Suspended sediment ; AmasSeds (A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study) ; North Brazil Coastal Region ; Columbus Iselin (Ship) Cruise CI9002
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Stored in the Archives of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is the floppy disk on which can be found the one-day average currents, the path of the Agulhas Current, CTD stations in "Live Atlas" format, SST frontal analyses (Chassignet and Olson, personal communcation) as well as programs written in QuickBASIC which allow one to access and display these observations. The programs are stored in ASCII and can be run under the Microsoft QuickBasic (Version 4.0 or higher). Instructions for running the programs can be found in a file entitled "read.me" on the disk.
    Description: Data are presented from an experiment designed to explore the spatial and temporal structure of the Agulhas Current and Retroflexion by direct means. Included are the current meter results from 10 moorings in the Retroflexion region, CTD stations occupied on the deployment cruise in 1985, data from satellite tracked (ARGOS) freely during surface buoys and numerous images of the sea surface temperature.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Contract Nos. NOOO14-84C-O134, NOO014-85-C-0001, and NOOO14-87-K-0007.
    Keywords: Ocean temperature ; Retroflexion ; Thomas Washington (Ship) Cruise Marathon Legs 11/1 ; Discovery (Ship) Cruise 165a
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A series of laboratory intercalibrations of a CTD system were undertaken between 1986 and 1990 as part of cooperative research program between the United States (US) and People's Republic of China (PRC). A comparison of US and PRC calibration facility standards is carried out using a NBIS/EG&G Marine Instruments Mark IIIb CTD system as a "quasi-transfer standard." When compared with the quoted accuracy of the calibration facilities, pressure was found to be more accurate and temperatue was about as accurate as stated. The conductivity standard differences between facilities are difficult to assess because of the CTD conductivity sensor drift.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA85-AA-d-AC117.
    Keywords: CTD ; Calibration ; Intercalibration
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A Severe Environment Surface Mooring (SESMOOR) was designed to make long term meteorological and near surface oceanographic measurements in areas where harsh envionmental conditions prevail. SESMOOR was deployed in the North Atlantic Ocean approximately 300 km southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia for 141 days during the winter of 1988-89. Meterological data were acquired from two Vector Averaging Wind Recorders (VAWR) located on top of a specially designed buoy mast and included air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind velocity, solar and longwave radiation. Sea surface temperature was also acquired by the VAWR. Current velocities and sea temperatures were obtained from two Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCM) at 20 and 50 meters below the sea surface. This report discusses instrument performance, data quality, pre-and post-deployment calibrations, data telemetry, data processing procedures. This report also presents the data in a variety of displays.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400 and Grant No. N00014-90-J-1423.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Ocean temperature ; Moored instruments ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC203 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN192
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 15
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: AQUI89 is a real-time shipboard Conductivity Temperature Depth profiler (CTD) data acquisition system used at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to collect, preview and store (log) data from the WHOI/Brown Mark III CTD microprofiler on a MicroVAX II computer, running the VAX/VMS operating system, version 5.3. This manual contains the instructions for the installation of the AQUI89 data acquisition system version 1.0.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. OCE87-12087 and OCE90-05218.
    Keywords: CTD ; Acquisition ; Installation maual
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Two surface moorings were recovered during R/V Melville cruise PACS03MV in the eastern equatorial Pacific as part of the Pan American Climate Study (PACS). PACS is a NOAA-funded study with the goal of investigating links between sea-surface temperature variability in the tropical oceans near the Americas and climate over the American continents. The two moorings were deployed near 125°W, spanning the strong meridional sea-surface temperature gradient associated with the cold tongue south of the equator and the warmer ocean north of the equator, near the northernmost, summer location of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone. The moored array was deployed to improve the understanding of air-sea fluxes and of the processes that control the evolution of the sea surface temperature field in the region. Two surface mooring, located at 3°S, 125°W and 10°N, 125°W, belonging to the Upper Ocean Proccess (UOP) Group at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), were recovered after being on station for eight months. This was the second setting of the two moorings that had been redeployed from the University of Washington's R/V Thomas Thompson cruise number 73. The buoys of the two WHOI moorings were each equipped with meteorological instrumentation, including a Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (VAWR), and an Improved METeorological (IMET) system. The WHOI moorings also carried Vector Measuring Current Meters, single point temperature recorders, and conductivity and temperature recorders located in the upper 200 meters of the mooring line. In addition to the instrumentation noted above, a variety of other instruments, including an acoustic current meter, acoustic doppler meters, bio-optical instrument packages and an acoustic rain gauge, were deployed during the PACS field program.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under contract number NA66GPO130.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Moored instrument measurements ; PACS ; Pan American Climate Study ; Eastern tropical Pacific ; Ocean temperature ; Melville (Ship) Cruise PACS03MV
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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