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  • Books  (111)
  • energy economics  (40)
  • geology  (31)
  • environmental sciences  (24)
  • energy engineering  (16)
  • 2010-2014  (111)
  • 1
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: environmental sciences ; biodiversity
    Description / Table of Contents: The current world biodiversity consists of an inestimable amount of living forms, that at all levels, from genes to biomes, from individuals to populations, from species to communities, are in constant pursuit of the best strategies to react to the natural and anthropic environmental changes. The arrangement of new and dynamic ecosystems balanced by the formation and the vanishing of species, is the direct consequence of these changes. This book contains comprehensive overviews and original studies focused on ecological and ecosystem functioning studies, hazards and conservation management, assessment of environmental variables affecting species diversity, also considering species richness and distribution, in order to identify the best management strategies to face and solve the conservation problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535113157
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: environmental sciences ; soil sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Soil is an irreplaceable resource that sustains life on the planet, challenged by food and energy demands of an increasing population. Therefore, soil contamination constitutes a critical issue to be addressed if we are to secure the life quality of present and future generations. Integrated efforts from researchers and policy makers are required to develop sound risk assessment procedures, remediation strategies and sustainable soil management policies. Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination provides a wide depiction of current research in soil contamination and risk assessment, encompassing reviews and case studies on soil pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants. The book introduces several innovative approaches for soil remediation and risk assessment, including advances in phytoremediation and implementation of metabolomics in soil sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (918 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535112358
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: A sustainable future for our information society relies on bridging the gap between the energy required to operate portable ICT devices with the energy available from portable/mobile sources. The only viable solution is attacking the gap from both sides, i.e. to reduce the amount of energy dissipated during computation and to improve the efficiency in energy harvesting technologies. This requires deeper and broader knowledge of fundamental processes and thorough understanding of how they apply to materials and engineering at the nanoscale, all the way up to the design of energy-efficient electronics. This textbook is a first attempt to discuss such concepts towards Zero-Power ICT. The content is accessible to advanced undergraduates and early year researchers fascinated by this topic. The book is realized through the EU-funded ZEROPOWER project.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535112181
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Keywords: geobiology ; geology ; palaeontology
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains papers presented in part at a symposium held in May 2012 at Göttingen University, to honour Professor Joachim Reitner for his numerous contributions to the fields of geobiology, geology, and palaeontology. Our present volume reflects the breadth of Reitner’s interests and accomplishement with tributes and research or review papers by his students, former students, collaborators, and friends. The symposium was held in conjunction with Joachim Reitner’s 60th birthday. | Contents --- Hansen, B. T.: Preface --- Wiese, F.; Reich, M. & Arp, G.: Introduction --- Keupp, H. & Fuchs, D.: Different regeneration mechanisms in the rostra of aulacocerids (Coleoidea) and their phylogenetic implications --- Fuchs, D.: First evidence of Mastigophora (Cephalopoda: Coleoidea) from the early Callovian of La Voulte-sur- Rhône (France) --- Luo Cui; Schäfer, N.; Duda, J.-P. & Li Li-xia: Preservation of organic matter in sponge fossils: a case study of ‘round sponge fossils’ from the Cambrian Chengjiang Biota with Raman spectroscopy. --- Sánchez-Beristain, F.; Duda, J.-P.; López-Esquivel Kransksith, L. & García-Barrera, P.: A brief synopsis on the history of sponge research in the Upper Triassic St. Cassian Formation (Dolomites, NE Italy) --- Afşar, F.; Duda, J.-P.; Zeller, M.; Verwer, K.; Westphal, H. & Eberli, G. P.: First report of sponge rhaxes in the Picún Leufú Formation (Tithonian–Berriasian), Neuquén Basin, Argentina --- Janussen, D.: The second fossil Hyalonema species (Porifera: Hexactinellida), from the Late Cretaceous Arnager limestone, Bornholm, Denmark --- Riegel, W.; Wiese, F.; Arp, G. & Wilde, V.: Microphytoplankton from the Jena Formation (Lower Muschelkalk Subgroup, Anisian) in the forestry quarry at Herberhausen near Göttingen, Germany --- Arp, G. & Reimer, A.: Hydrochemistry, biofilms and tufa formation in the karstwater stream Lutter (Herberhausen near Göttingen) --- Dreier, A. & Hoppert, M.: Following the traces of symbiont bearing molluscs during earth history --- Heim, C.; Quéric, N.-V.; Ionescu, D.; Simon, K. & Thiel, V.: Chemolithotrophic microbial mats in an open pond in the continental subsurface – implications for microbial biosignatures --- Leefmann, T.; Blumenberg, M.; Schmidt, B. C. & Thiel, V.: Raman spectroscopy of biosignatures in methanerelated microbialites --- Cangemi, M. & Madonia, P.: Mud volcanoes in onshore Sicily: a short overview --- Haude, R.; Corriga, M. G.; Corradini, C. & Walliser, O. H.: Bojen-Seelilien (Scyphocrinitidae, Echinodermata) in neudatierten Schichten vom oberen Silur bis untersten Devon Südost- Marokkos --- Reich, M. & Ansorge, J.: Santonian sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Sierra del Montsec, Spain --- Reich, M.: Supplement to: ‘How many species of fossil holothurians are there? --- Thuy, B.; Gale, A. S.; Stöhr, S. & Wiese, F.: Shallow- water brittle-star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) assemblages from the Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of the North Atlantic: first insights into bathymetric distribution patterns --- Hornung, J. J.: A new species of the barnacle genus Tesseropora (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Tetraclitidae) from the Early Pliocene of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain) --- Karl, H.-V.; Arp, G.; Siedersbeck, E. & Reitner, J.: A large ichthyosaur vertebra from the lower Kössen Formation (Upper Norian) of the Lahnewiesgraben near Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
    Pages: Online-Ressource (197 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783863951658
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Integrating electricity markets across regions is vital both for the integration of renewable energies and to control production and distribution costs. But cross-border electricity trade continues to be perceived as potentially risky to security of electricity supply. In response, this report suggests the need for strong co-ordination of electricity security regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions. Based on the experience of International Energy Agency (IEA) member countries, this paper identifies two ways to integrate markets over wider geographic areas. The straightforward solution is to consolidate markets and system operations. For instance, merging system operators ensures that the same rules for electricity system security apply across all consolidated control areas. When this is not feasible, because of institutional barriers, co-ordinating markets and system operations can be improved One key finding of this report is that the integration of electricity security rules often lags behind integration the integration of markets themselves. This hinders the further developments needed to accommodate renewables. Governments can work together to coordinate electricity security regulations and develop the seamless power markets needed to attain decarbonisation targets.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: palynology ; geology ; Svalbard ; Barents Sea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (270 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9788273851567
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Does growth in North American oil supply herald a new era of abundance - or does turmoil in parts of the Middle East cloud the horizon? How much can energy efficiency close the competitiveness gap caused by differences in regional energy prices? What considerations should shape decision-making in countries using, pursuing or phasing out nuclear power? How close is the world to using up the available carbon budget, which cannot be exceeded if global warming is to be contained? How can sub-Saharan Africa's energy sector help to unlock a better life for its citizens? Answers to these questions and a host of others are to be found in the pages of World Energy Outlook 2014 (WEO-2014), released on 12 November in London. Bringing together the latest data and policy developments, the WEO-2014 presents up to date projections of energy trends for the first time through to 2040. Oil, natural gas, coal, renewables and energy efficiency are covered, along with updates on trends in energy-related CO2emissions, fossil-fuel and renewable energy subsidies, and universal access to modern energy services.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (726 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264208056
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) a crucial part of efforts to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The IEA estimates that carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced to a level that would limit long‐term global temperature increases to 2°C through broad deployment of low‐carbon energy technologies, including CCS. In the IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 2°C Scenario (2DS), CCS contributes about one‐seventh of cumulative emissions reductions from a business‐as-usual scenario through 2050. Achieving this contribution requires appropriate policy frameworks to both promote demonstration and deployment of CCS and ensure it is undertaken in a safe and environmentally responsible manner. The IEA Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review aims to help countries develop their own regulatory frameworks by documenting and analysing recent CCS legal and regulatory developments from around the world. It was first published in 2010, and a new edition is released annually to provide an up‐to‐date snapshot of global CCS regulatory developments. Each edition includes short contributions from national, regional, state and provincial governments that review recent and anticipated CCS regulatory developments and highlight a particular, pre-nominated regulatory theme. To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends, based on the contributions submitted. The theme for this fourth edition of the CCS Review is policy measures to promote CCS demonstration and deployment. Other issues that have been highlighted include storage assessment and the Alberta Regulator Framework Assessment (RFA) process. Contributions from 22 governments and 6 international CCS organisations are presented in the fourth edition.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Starting from the premise that electricity will be an increasingly important vector in energy systems of the future, Energy Technology Perspectives 2014 (ETP 2014) takes a deep dive into actions needed to support deployment of sustainable options for generation, distribution and consumption. In addition to modelling the global outlook to 2050 under different scenarios for more than 500 technology options, ETP 2014 explores the possibility of “pushing the limits” in six key areas: - Solar Power: Possibly the Dominant Source by 2050 - Natural Gas in Low-Carbon Electricity Systems - Electrifying Transport: How Can E-mobility Replace Oil? - Electricity Storage: Costs, Value and Competitiveness - Attracting Finance for Low-Carbon Generation - Power Generation in India Since it was first published in 2006, ETP has evolved into a suite of publications that sets out pathways to a sustainable energy future in which optimal policy support and technology choices are driven by economics, energy security and environmental factors. - Topic-specific books and papers explore particularly timely subjects or cross-cutting challenges. - Tracking Clean Energy Progress provides a yearly snapshot of advances in diverse areas, while also showing the interplay among technologies. - Supported by the ETP analysis, IEA Technology Roadmaps assess the potential for transformation across various technology areas, and outline actions and milestones for deployment. Collectively, this series lays out the wide range of necessary and achievable steps that can be taken in the near and medium terms to set the stage for long-term energy policy objectives, clearly identifying the roles of energy sector players, policy makers and industry. Next editions will examine the role of technology innovation to meet climate goals (2015) and urban energy systems (2016). Who will benefit from using ETP 2014? Past experience shows that ETP publications attract wide and varied audiences, including experts in the energy field (e.g. technology analysts and academics), policy makers and heads of governments, as well as business leaders and investors. This reflects the value of the series’ detailed and transparent quantitative modelling analysis and well–rounded commentary, which ultimately support high-level policy messages.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264208001
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Unknown
    Warsaw, Berlin : De Gruyter Open
    Keywords: hydrology ; hydraulics ; oceanography ; meteorology ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural hazards and anthropic activities threaten the human environment. The gathering of field data is needed so as to quantify the impact of such activities. To gather the necessary data researchers nowadays use a great variety of new instruments based on electronics. Yet, the working principles of this new instrumentation might not be well understood by some potential users. All operators of these new tools must gain proper insight so as to be able to judge whether the instrument is selected appropriately and functions adequately. This book attempts to demonstrate some characteristics that are not easy to understand by the uninitiated in the use of electronic instruments. The material presented in this book was prepared with the purpose of reflecting the technological changes that have occurred in environmental modern instrumentation in the last few decades. The book is intended for students of hydrology, hydraulics, oceanography, meteorology and environmental sciences. Basic concepts of electronics, special physics principles and signal processing are introduced in the first chapters in order to enable the reader to follow the topics developed in the book, without any prior knowledge of these matters. The instruments are explained in detail and several examples are introduced to show their measuring limitations. Enough mathematical fundamentals are given to allow the reader to reach a good quantitative knowledge.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 433 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783110401721
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: environmental pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic pollutants cause several environmental problems if discharged to air or water body. The occurrence of organic pollutants in the ecosystem, their risk and removal methods are very important issues .This book deals with several aspects of organic pollutants, especially in the light of organic pollutants monitoring, risk assessment as well as the practical application of different techniques for removing it from the environment. The book is divided into three sections contains 9 chapters. The first section explains monitoring of organic pollutants in soil and water. The second section discusse its risk to human, soil and plants. The third section focuse on the different treatment process for the removal of organic pollutants.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (229 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109488
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mitigation of earthquake-related hazards represents a key role in the modern society. The main goal of this book is to present 9 scientific papers focusing on new research and results on earthquake seismology. Chapters of this book focus on several aspect of seismology ranging from historical earthquake analysis, seismotectonics, and damage estimation of critical facilities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535110545
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Large differences in regional energy prices are set to affect industrial competitiveness, influencing investment decisions and company strategies. The extraordinary rise of light tight oil in the United States will play a major role in meeting global demand growth over the next decade, but the Middle East – the only large source of low-cost oil – will remain at the centre of the longer-term oil outlook. India is set to overtake China in the 2020s as the principal source of growth in global energy demand. These are just some of the key findings from the IEA in the latest edition of its World Energy Outlook released today in London. Bringing together the latest data and policy developments, the World Energy Outlook 2013 presents up to date, projections of energy trends through to 2035, fuel by fuel, sector by sector, region by region and scenario by scenario. Oil is analysed in-depth: resources, production, demand, refining and international trade. Energy efficiency is treated in much the same way as conventional fuels: Its prospects and contribution are presented in a dedicated chapter. The report examines the outlook for Brazil's energy sector and provides updates on three key areas of critical importance to energy and climate trends: (i) achieving universal energy access; (ii) developments in subsidies to fossil fuels and renewables; and (iii) the impact of energy use on climate change. World Energy Outlook 2013 - special early reports: - Special Report Redrawing the energy-climate map released 10 June - Special Report Southeast Asia Energy Outlook released on 2 October The World Energy Outlook is recognised as the most authoritative source of strategic analysis of global energy markets. It is regularly used as input to the development of government policies and business strategies and raises public awareness of the key energy and environmental challenges the world is facing.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (687 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264201309
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Unknown
    Trondheim : NGU - Geological Survey of Norway
    Keywords: quaternary ; geology ; glaciology ; Norway
    Description / Table of Contents: The profound impact of glaciers on the development of the landscape in Norway has become common knowledge among most geologists during the last centuries. For example, the alpine landscape, the U-formed valleys with deep basins and bedrock thresholds, the fjords, the strandflat, the glacially polished and striated rock surfaces, and the various and numerous glacial deposits all bear clear evidence of strong glacier influence. Glaciers have advanced and retreated in Norway and adjacent areas a number of times during the last 2–3 million years, and therefore it is commonly thought that the present-day landscape was formed mainly during this very young period of the geological time scale. There are, however, several preglacial landscape features that are preserved or only slightly changed during these young glaciations. Both types of landscape, i.e., the glacially formed landscape and the preglacial landscape, are presented in the first chapter of this volume. This chapter deals with both the processes and their products in the history of landscape development. Starting with the preglacial development, it continues through the ice ages, and ends with processes and landscape development in the Holocene time period. The second chapter discusses the glacial history of Norway during the Quaternary time period, and describes the glacier variations with advance and retreat of the glaciers and ice sheets. The third chapter presents the record of deposits from the represented stadials, interstadials and interglacials during the last 300,000 years in Norway and adjacent areas, and the suggested correlations between these deposits. The fourth chapter deals with neotectonics in Norway and adjacent areas, which are also largely a result of ice-sheet advance, erosion, sedimentation and retreat. The pressure variations on the ground surface as a result of variable ice weight, glacier erosion and accumulation have led to many earthquakes and large faults, such as the postglacial Stuoragurra fault on Finnmarksvidda. This compilation of the present knowledge of the Quaternary geology of Norway will be of use to several of our fellow colleagues of geology, students, and other dedicated, non-professional readers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (173 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9788273851536
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: global change ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Environments around the globe are undergoing human-induced change. Human population growth, rapid urbanization, expanding global economy, and the diffusion of western consumer lifestyles are placing increasing pressure on natural and social systems. Global institutions, nation-states, and local communities are seeking to identify and employ sustainable solutions to these environmental and socio-economic challenges. Sustainability has emerged as a policy discourse that seeks to balance the desire and need for economic growth with the protection of the environment, and the promotion of social and environmental justice. This book contributes to the study and search for sustainable responses to global environmental change. The authors of this volume explore environmental change in different places around the world and the diverse responses to such changes. The chapters demonstrate the need for place-specific sustainable development; the authors suggest the need to see sustainable responses to environmental change as a negotiated outcome between various social actors living and working in diverse spatial, environmental and socio-economic contexts. Environmental Change and Sustainability is a timely international examination of the relationship between environmental change and sustainability. As an InTech open source volume, current and cutting edge research methodologies and research results are quickly published for the academic policy-making communities. Dimensions of environmental change and sustainability explored in this volume include: Natural science approaches to study of environmental change Importance of perception in human understanding of environmental change Role of external events and institutions in shaping sustainable responses to environmental change Importance of bottom-up sustainable development as key to reducing environmental risk and community vulnerability The need for place-based sustainable development that combines local conditions with global processes Creation of a sustainable development model that synthesizes local, traditional knowledge of the environment and environmental management with the techniques and understandings generated by modern environmental science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (301 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535110941
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: landscape ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioral, and/or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope of the profession includes: urban design; site planning; town or urban planning; environmental restoration; parks and recreation planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence landscape master planning and design - all at varying scales of design, planning and management. This book contains chapters on recent developments in studies of landscape architecture. For this reason I believe the book would be useful to the relevant professional disciplines.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (924 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111672
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays it is hard to find areas of human activity and development that have not profited from or contributed to remote sensing. Natural, physical and social activities find in remote sensing a common ground for interaction and development. This book intends to show the reader how remote sensing impacts other areas of science, technology, and human activity, by displaying a selected number of high quality contributions dealing with different remote sensing applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (516 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106517
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Monitoring of water and land objects enters a revolutionary age with the rise of ubiquitous remote sensing and public access. Earth monitoring satellites permit detailed, descriptive, quantitative, holistic, standardized, global evaluation of the state of the Earth skin in a manner that our actual Earthen civilization has never been able to before. The water monitoring topics covered in this book include the remote sensing of open water bodies, wetlands and small lakes, snow depth and underwater seagrass, along with a variety of remote sensing techniques, platforms, and sensors. The Earth monitoring topics include geomorphology, land cover in arid climate, and disaster assessment after a tsunami. Finally, advanced topics of remote sensing covers atmosphere analysis with GNSS signals, earthquake visual monitoring, and fundamental analyses of laser reflectometry in the atmosphere medium.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079196
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: earthquake ; tsunami ; seismic waves ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This has led to some novel applications such as using artificially-induced shocks for exploration of the Earth's subsurface and seismic stimulation for increasing the productivity of oil wells. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. A review process was conducted in cooperation with sincere support by Drs. Hiroshi Takenaka, Yoshio Murai, Jun Matsushima, and Genti Toyokuni.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079448
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industry and government decision makers and others with a stake in the energy sector all need WEO-2012. It presents authoritative projections of energy trends through to 2035 and insights into what they mean for energy security, environmental sustainability and economic development. Oil, coal, natural gas, renewables and nuclear power are all covered, together with an update on climate change issues. Global energy demand, production, trade, investment and carbon-dioxide emissions are broken down by region or country, by fuel and by sector. Special strategic analyses cover: - What unlocking the purely economic potential for energy efficiency could do, country-by-country and sector-by-sector, for energy markets, the economy and the environment. - The Iraqi energy sector, examining both its importance in satisfying the country’s own needs and its crucial role in meeting global oil and gas demand. - The water-energy nexus, as water resources become increasingly stressed and access more contentious. - Measures of progress towards providing universal access to modern energy services. There are many uncertainties; but many decisions cannot wait. The insights of WEO-2012 are invaluable to those who must shape our energy future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (668 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264180840
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: stratigraphy ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is the science of describing the vertical and lateral relationships of different rock formations formed through time to understand the earth history. These relationships may be based on lithologic properties (named lithostratigraphy), fossil content (labeled biostratigraphy), magnetic properties (called magnetostratigraphy), chemical features (named chemostratigraphy), reflection seismology (named seismic stratigraphy), age relations (called chronostratigraphy). Also, it refers to archaeological deposits called archaeological stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is built on the concept "the present is the key to the past" which was first outlined by James Hutton in the late 1700s and developed by Charles Lyell in the early 1800s. This book focuses particularly on application of geophysical methods in stratigraphic investigations and stratigraphic analysis of layered basin deposits from different geologic settings and present continental areas extending from Mexico region (north America) through Alpine belt including Italy, Greece, Iraq to Russia (northern Asia).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105787
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is devoted to different aspects of earthquake research. Depending on their magnitude and the placement of the hypocenter, earthquakes have the potential to be very destructive. Given that they can cause significant losses and deaths, it is really important to understand the process and the physics of this phenomenon. This book does not focus on a unique problem in earthquake processes, but spans studies on historical earthquakes and seismology in different tectonic environments, to more applied studies on earthquake geology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079912
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of earthquakes plays a key role in order to minimize human and material losses when they inevitably occur. Chapters in this book will be devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis. The different sections present in the book span from statistical seismology studies, the latest techniques and advances on earthquake precursors and forecasting, as well as, new methods for early detection, data acquisition and interpretation. The topics are tackled from theoretical advances to practical applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101345
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; tectonics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Cyclic Development of Axial Parts of Slow-Spreading Ridges: Evidence from Sierra Leone Area, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 5-7°N by E.V. Sharkov --- Chapter 2: Features of Caucasian Segment of the Alpine-Himalayan Convergence Zone: Geological, Volcanological, Neotectonical, and Geophysical Data by E.V. Sharkov, V.A. Lebedev, A.G. Rodnikov, A.V. Chugaev, N.A. Sergeeva and L.P. Zabarinskaya --- Chapter 3: 3D Modelling and Basement Tectonics of the Niger Delta Basin from Aeromagnetic Data by A.A. Okiwelu and I.A. Ude --- Chapter 4: Seismic Paleo-Geomorphic System of the Extensional Province of the Niger Delta: An Example of the Okari Field by Muslim B. Aminu and Moses O. Olorunniwo --- Chapter 5: Geodynamic and Tectonostratigrafic Study of a Continental Rift: The Triassic Cuyana Basin, Argentina by Silvia Patricia Barredo --- Chapter 6: Role of the NE-SW Hercynian Master Fault Systems and Associated Lineaments on the Structuring and Evolution of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Basins of the Alpine Margin, Northern Tunisia by Fetheddine Melki, Taher Zouaghi, Mohamed Ben Chelbi, Mourad Bédir and Fouad Zargouni --- Chapter 7: An Assessment of the Earthquakes of Ancient Troy, NW Anatolia, Turkey by Akın Kürçer, Alexandros Chatzipetros, Salih Zeki Tutkun, Spyros Pavlides, Süha Özden, George Syrides, Kostas Vouvalidis, Emin Ulugergerli, Özkan Ateş and Yunus Levent Ekinci --- Chapter 8: Paleoseismological Three Dimensional Virtual Photography Method; A Case Study: Bağlarkayası-2010 Trench, Tuz Gölü Fault Zone, Central Anatolia, Turkey by Akın Kürçer and Yaşar Ergun Gökten --- Chapter 9: Structural Geological Analysis of the High Atlas (Morocco): Evidences of a Transpressional Fold-Thrust Belt by Alessandro Ellero, Giuseppe Ottria, Marco G. Malusà and Hassan Ouanaimi --- Chapter 10: Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Margin of Laurussia in the Paleozoic by Jan Golonka and Aleksandra Gawęda --- Chapter 11: Was the Precambrian Basement of Western Troms and Lofoten-Vesterålen in Northern Norway Linked to the Lewisian of Scotland? A Comparison of Crustal Components, Tectonic Evolution and Amalgamation History" by Steffen G. Bergh, Fernando Corfu, Per Inge Myhre, Kåre Kullerud, Paul E.B. Armitage, Klaas B. Zwaan, Erling K. Ravna, Robert E. Holdsworth and Anupam Chattopadhya
    Pages: Online-Ressource (330 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106753
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: landscape planning ; landscape design ; landscape architecture ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioral, and/or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope of the profession includes: urban design; site planning; town or urban planning; environmental restoration; parks and recreation planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence landscape master planning and design - all at varying scales of design, planning and management. This book contains chapters on recent developments in studies of landscape architecture. For this reason I believe the book would be useful to the relevant professional disciplines.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106548
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106524
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The links between air pollutants and health impacts are many and complex. The environmental health community is being challenged to take stronger mitigation to respect population health and is taking opportunities to further their implication. Recognizing, observing, and analyzing exposures are a promising way forward, but also raise a myriad of new challenges and questions, including what such approaches are, when and how they can put into practice, and what their implications are for protecting human health. This book gives an overview of key issues in air pollution. Reviews and research papers describe air pollution in a variety of context, such as: evolution of air pollutant, urban structure effects, exposure in agriculture, surface ozone monitoring, the respiratory diseases impacts, appropriate technology, and response management to the air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (390 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107057
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: earth and planetary sciences ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The studies of Earth's history and of the physical and chemical properties of the substances that make up our planet, are of great significance to our understanding both of its past and its future. The geological and other environmental processes on Earth and the composition of the planet are of vital importance in locating and harnessing its resources. This book is primarily written for research scholars, geologists, civil engineers, mining engineers, and environmentalists. Hopefully the text will be used by students, and it will continue to be of value to them throughout their subsequent professional and research careers. This does not mean to infer that the book was written solely or mainly with the student in mind. Indeed from the point of view of the researcher in Earth and Environmental Science it could be argued that this text contains more detail than he will require in his initial studies or research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (648 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078618
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; fractal analysis
    Description / Table of Contents: The fractal analysis is becoming a very useful tool to process obtained data from chaotic systems in geosciences. It can be used to resolve many ambiguities in this domain. This book contains eight chapters showing the recent applications of the fractal/mutifractal analysis in geosciences. Two chapters are devoted to applications of the fractal analysis in climatology, two of them to data of cosmic and solar geomagnetic data from observatories. Four chapters of the book contain some applications of the (multi-) fractal analysis in exploration geophysics. I believe that the current book is an important source for researchers and students from universities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107293
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering ; thermal energy ; renewable energy ; power plant
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal power plants are one of the most important process industries for engineering professionals. Over the past few decades, the power sector has been facing a number of critical issues. However, the most fundamental challenge is meeting the growing power demand in sustainable and efficient ways. Practicing power plant engineers not only look after operation and maintenance of the plant, but also look after a range of activities, including research and development, starting from power generation, to environmental assessment of power plants. The book Thermal Power Plants covers features, operational issues, advantages, and limitations of power plants, as well as benefits of renewable power generation. It also introduces thermal performance analysis, fuel combustion issues, performance monitoring and modelling, plants health monitoring, including component fault diagnosis and prognosis, functional analysis, economics of plant operation and maintenance, and environmental aspects. This book addresses several issues related to both coal fired and gas turbine power plants. The book is suitable for both undergraduate and research for higher degree students, and of course, for practicing power plant engineers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079523
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: petrology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Petrology, New Perspectives and Applications is designed for advanced graduate courses and professionals in petrology. The book includes eight chapters that are focused on the recent advances and application of modern petrologic and geochemical methods for the understanding of igneous, metamorphic and even sedimentary rocks. Research studies contained in this volume provide an overview of application of modern petrologic techniques to rocks of diverse origins. They reflect a wide variety of settings (from South America to the Far East, and from Africa to Central Asia) as well as ages ranging from late Precambrian to late Cenozoic, with several on Mesozoic/Cenozoic volcanism.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078007
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: hydrogeology ; hydrology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The field of groundwater hydrology and the discipline of hydrogeology have attracted a lot of attention during the past few decades. This is mainly because of the increasing need for high quality water, especially groundwater. This book, written by 15 scientists from 6 countries, clearly demonstrates the extensive range of issues that are dealt with in the field of hydrogeology. Karst hydrogeology and deposition processes, hydrogeochemistry, soil hydraulic properties as a factor affecting groundwater recharge processes, relevant conceptual models, and geophysical exploration for groundwater are all discussed in this book, giving the reader a global perspective on what hydrogeologists and co-scientists are currently working on to better manage groundwater resources. Graduate students, as well as practitioners, will find this book a useful resource and valuable guide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100485
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Keywords: natural disasters ; natural hazards ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Approaches to Managing Disaster - Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts demonstrates the array of information that is critical for improving disaster management. The book reflects major management components of the disaster continuum (the nature of risk, hazard, vulnerability, planning, response and adaptation) in the context of threats that derive from both nature and technology. The chapters include a selection of original research reports by an array of international scholars focused either on specific locations or on specific events. The chapters are ordered according to the phases of emergencies and disasters. The text reflects the disciplinary diversity found within disaster management and the challenges presented by the co-mingling of science and social science in their collective efforts to promote improvements in the techniques, approaches, and decision-making by emergency-response practitioners and the public. This text demonstrates the growing complexity of disasters and their management, as well as the tests societies face every day.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102946
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of earthquakes combines science, technology and expertise in infrastructure and engineering in an effort to minimize human and material losses when their occurrence is inevitable. This book is devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis, from theoretical advances to practical applications. Different sections are dedicated to ground motion studies and seismic site characterization, with regard to mitigation of the risk from earthquake and ensuring the safety of the buildings under earthquake loading. The ultimate goal of the book is to encourage discussions and future research to improve hazard assessments, dissemination of earthquake engineering data and, ultimately, the seismic provisions of building codes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078403
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; earth and planetary sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: New Achievements in Geoscience is a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for academic researchers in geophysics, environmental science, earth science, natural resource managements and their related support fields. This book attempts to highlight issues dealing with geophysical and earth sciences. It describes the research carried out by world-class scientists in the fields of geoscience. The content of the book includes selected chapters covering seismic interpretation, potential field data interpretation and also several chapters on earth science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102632
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent major earthquakes around the world have shown the vulnerability of infrastructure and the need for research to better understand the nature of seismic events and their effects on structures. As a result, earthquake engineering research has been expanding as more and more data become available from a large array of seismic instruments, large scale experiments and numerical simulations. The first part of this book presents results from some of the current seismic research work including three-dimensional wave propagation in different soil media, seismic loss assessment, probabilistic hazard analysis, geotechnical problems including soil-structure interaction. The second part of the book focuses on the seismic behavior of structures including historical and monumental structures, bridge embankments, and different types of bridges and bearings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106944
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Keywords: geomorphology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book includes several geomorphological studies up-to-date, incorporating different disciplines and methodologies, always focused on methods, tools and general issues of environmental and applied geomorphology. In designing the book the integration of multiple methodological fields (geomorphological mapping, remote sensing, meteorological and climate analysis, vegetation and biogeomorphological investigations, geographic information systems GIS, land management methods), study areas, countries and continents (Europe, America, Asia, Africa) are considered.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103615
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This book contains 15 chapters reporting air pollution of interest to experts in academia and industrial plants dealing with the environmental issues. These chapters emphasize the problems of air pollution involving the human sector as an essential part in the control of air pollutants. The book contains an analysis of various geographic regions and evaluation of different activities related to these areas. Descriptive analyzes present the generation of air pollution and its effect on society and materials evaluations. The major sources of emission of pollutants and the damage that they originate in the towns and industrial plants are reported. This volume provides methods and tools for assessment according to each location. Other important aspects are the activities of governmental authorities, the academic and sectors for solving the environment problem.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106746
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Keywords: volcanology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book ranges from the geologic-petrologic description of world-wide major volcanic fields unfamiliar to international literature, to the discussion and interpretation of the results in light of geophysical techniques. It focuses on several situations that represent large-scale volcanism on Earth, related both with intra-plate or active margins. Many large volcanic complexes of Easter countries are presented, including Japan, Siberian Russia, and Mongolia. A detailed account of the European volcanic province of the Pannonia basin and Central-Southern Spain is given. Southern hemisphere areas of Antarctica and Polynesia are considered as well. The chapters are very informative for those who wish for a guide to visiting, or are curious about main characteristics of the above volcanic areas, some of which are remote and not easily accessible.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074344
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: This book focuses on the development of biodiesel systems from the production of feedstocks and their processing technologies to the comprehensive applications of both by-products and biodiesel. It should be of interest for students, researchers, scientists and technologists.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (487 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109105
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics ; earthquake engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: This book deals with earthquake-resistant structures, such as, buildings, bridges and liquid storage tanks. It contains twenty chapters covering several interesting research topics written by researchers and experts in the field of earthquake engineering. The book covers seismic-resistance design of masonry and reinforced concrete structures to be constructed as well as safety assessment, strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures against earthquake loads. It also includes three chapters on electromagnetic sensing techniques for health assessment of structures, post earthquake assessment of steel buildings in fire environment and response of underground pipes to blast loads. The book provides the state-of-the-art on recent progress in earthquake-resistant structures. It should be useful to graduate students, researchers and practicing structural engineers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101239
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Keywords: sustainability ; sustainable development ; environmental sciences ; environmental management
    Description / Table of Contents: The technological advancement of our civilization has created a consumer society expanding faster than the planet's resources allow, with our resource and energy needs rising exponentially in the past century. Securing the future of the human race will require an improved understanding of the environment as well as of technological solutions, mindsets and behaviors in line with modes of development that the ecosphere of our planet can support. Some experts see the only solution in a global deflation of the currently unsustainable exploitation of resources. However, sustainable development offers an approach that would be practical to fuse with the managerial strategies and assessment tools for policy and decision makers at the regional planning level. Environmentalists, architects, engineers, policy makers and economists will have to work together in order to ensure that planning and development can meet our society's present needs without compromising the security of future generations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101659
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  • 43
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: recrystallization ; geology ; metallurgy
    Description / Table of Contents: Recrystallization shows selected results obtained during the last few years by scientists who work on recrystallization-related issues. These scientists offer their knowledge from the perspective of a range of scientific disciplines, such as geology and metallurgy. The authors emphasize that the progress in this particular field of science is possible today thanks to the coordinated action of many research groups that work in materials science, chemistry, physics, geology, and other sciences. Thus, it is possible to perform a comprehensive analysis of the scientific problem. The analysis starts from the selection of appropriate techniques and methods of characterization. It is then combined with the development of new tools in diagnostics, and it ends with modeling of phenomena.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101222
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: geochemistry ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book brings together the knowledge from a variety of topics within the field of geochemistry. The audience for this book consists of a multitude of scientists such as physicists, geologists, technologists, petroleum engineers, volcanologists, geochemists and government agencies. The topics represented facilitate as establishing a starting point for new ideas and further contributions. An effective management of geological and environmental issues requires the understanding of recent research in minerals, soil, ores, rocks, water, sediments. The use of geostatistical and geochemical methods relies heavily on the extraction of this book. The research presented was carried out by experts and is therefore highly recommended to scientists, under- and post-graduate students who want to gain knowledge about the recent developments in geochemistry and benefit from an enhanced understanding of the dynamics of the earth's system processes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105862
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  • 45
    Keywords: environmental sciences ; waste
    Description / Table of Contents: Solid waste management generates big challenges for society due to its large variability in production and composition, and because of its sanitary and environmental impacts. To contribute in facing this situation, this book includes a worldwide overview of experiences and conceptual and technical developments attained through research and development projects. In addition to minimizing generation, considered as the most desirable practice, it includes alternatives of valuation for potentially recoverable waste and strategies to reduce final conditioning and disposition risks. The book includes contextual technical, economical, political and social aspects aimed at proposing integral solutions for the solid waste management.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107958
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  • 46
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) is the International Energy Agency’s most ambitious publication on new developments in energy technology. It demonstrates how technologies – from electric vehicles to smart grids – can make a decisive difference in achieving the objective of limiting the global temperature rise to 2°C and enhancing energy security. ETP 2012 presents scenarios and strategies to 2050, with the aim of guiding decision makers on energy trends and what needs to be done to build a clean, secure and competitive energy future. ETP 2012 shows: • Current progress on clean energy deployment, and what can be done to accelerate it • How energy security and low carbon energy are linked • How energy systems will become more complex in the future, why systems integration is beneficial and how it can be achieved • How demand for heating and cooling will evolve dramatically and which solutions will satisfy it • Why flexible electricity systems are increasingly important, and how a system with smarter grids, energy storage and flexible generation can work • Why hydrogen could play a big role in the energy system of the future • Why fossil fuels will not disappear but will see their roles change, and what it means for the energy system as a whole • What is needed to realise the potential of carbon capture and storage (CCS) • Whether available technologies can allow the world to have zero energy related emissions by 2075 – which seems a necessary condition for the world to meet the 2°C target
    Pages: Online-Ressource (690 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) a crucial part of worldwide efforts to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The IEA estimates that emissions can be reduced to a level consistent with a 2°C global temperature increase through the broad deployment of low-carbon energy technologies – and that CCS would contribute about one-fifth of emission reductions in this scenario. Achieving this level of deployment will require that regulatory frameworks – or rather a lack thereof – do not unnecessarily impede environmentally safe demonstration and deployment of CCS, so in October 2010 the IEA launched the IEA Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review. The CCS Review is a regular review of CCS regulatory progress worldwide. Produced annually, it collates contributions by national and regional governments, as well as leading organisations engaged in CCS regulatory activities, to provide a knowledge-sharing forum to support CCS framework development. Each two page contribution provides a short summary of recent and anticipated CCS regulatory developments and highlights a particular, pre-nominated regulatory theme. To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends, based on the contributions submitted. The theme for this third edition is stakeholder engagement in the development of CO2 storage projects. Other issues addressed include: regulating CO2-EOR, CCS and CO2-EOR for storage; CCS incentive policy; key, substantive issues being addressed by jurisdictions taking steps to finalise CCS regulatory framework development; and CCS legal and regulatory developments in the context of the Clean Energy Ministerial Carbon Capture, Use and Storage Action Group.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural gas is poised to enter a golden age, but this future hinges critically on the successful development of the world’s vast unconventional gas resources. North American experience shows unconventional gas - notably shale gas - can be exploited economically. Many countries are lining up to emulate this success. But some governments are hesitant, or even actively opposed. They are responding to public concerns that production might involve unacceptable environmental and social damage. This report, in the World Energy Outlook series, treats these aspirations and anxieties with equal seriousness. It features two new cases: a Golden Rules Case, in which the highest practicable standards are adopted, gaining industry a "social licence to operate"; and its counterpart, in which the tide turns against unconventional gas as constraints prove too difficult to overcome.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 Seiten)
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  • 49
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Due to its clean burning properties, low investment costs and flexibility in production, natural gas is often put forward as the ideal partner fuel for wind power and other renewable sources of electricity generation with strongly variable output. This working paper examines three vital questions associated with this premise: 1) Is natural gas indeed the best partner fuel for wind power? 2) If so, to what extent will an increasing market share of wind power in European electricity generation affect demand for natural gas in the power sector? and 3) Considering the existing European natural gas markets, is natural gas capable of fulfilling this role of partner for renewable sources of electricity?
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 Seiten)
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  • 50
    Keywords: volcanology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is the second volume of the Updates in Volcanology and presents review style chapters as well as stand alone research works on volcanological problems that could be used as valuable resource for both researchers and graduate research students. The book presents chapters arching over a broad field of volcanology among many are considered to be dynamically developing subject areas such as volcano morphology, volcanic terrain evolution or volcaniclastic-hosted mineral resource analysis. The book also takes the reader to areas such as the Russian Far East or sedimentary basins in China which are very remote and generally less known for the global community. This book demonstrates the dynamic evolution of volcanology in the past decades.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109150
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  • 51
    Keywords: environmental change ; global change ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental change is increasingly considered a critical topic for researchers across multiple disciplines, as well as policy makers throughout the world. Mounting evidence shows that environments in every part of the globe are undergoing tremendous human-induced change. Population growth, urbanization and the expansion of the global economy are putting increasing pressure on ecosystems around the planet. To understand the causes and consequences of environmental change, the contributors to this book employ spatial and non-spatial data, diverse theoretical perspectives and cutting edge research tools such as GIS, remote sensing and other relevant technologies. International Perspectives on Global Environmental Change brings together research from around the world to explore the complexities of contemporary, and historical environmental change. As an InTech open source publication current and cutting edge research methodologies and research results are quickly published for the academic policy-making communities. Dimensions of environmental change explored in this volume include: Climate change Historical environmental change Biological responses to environmental change Land use and land cover change Policy and management for environmental change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (488 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078151
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  • 52
    Keywords: sustainability ; sustainable development ; environmental sciences ; environmental management
    Description / Table of Contents: The World Commission on Environment and Development defines sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Sustainability implies efforts directed towards preserving the environment, doing more with less (cost savings, profit increasing), reducing dependence on foreign resources including oil, using alternate forms of energy, etc. Researchers are currently working to meet the challenge (e.g., through creating a conducive environment and allocating resources for sustainability-focused curriculum renovations, equipping faculty with the necessary expertise, embedding graduates with requisite skill-sets, and a research base that feeds into classroom teaching, etc.) posed by the rapidly evolving landscape of sustainability. In order to address the sustainability deficit in education and research, InTech has invited submissions of manuscripts for publication in its focused issue on sustainability. All chapters are high-quality, high-impact manuscripts addressing integration of sustainability efforts with clear lessons and insights for the stake holders (faculty, students, administrators, communities, and industries).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (588 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106821
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  • 53
    Keywords: sustainability ; sustainable development ; environmental sciences ; environmental management
    Description / Table of Contents: Securing the future of the human race will require an improved understanding of the environment as well as of technological solutions, mindsets and behaviors in line with modes of development that the ecosphere of our planet can support. Some experts see the only solution in a global deflation of the currently unsustainable exploitation of resources. However, sustainable development offers an approach that would be practical to fuse with the managerial strategies and assessment tools for policy and decision makers at the regional planning level. Environmentalists, architects, engineers, policy makers and economists will have to work together in order to ensure that planning and development can meet our society's present needs without compromising the security of future generations. Better planning methods for urban and rural expansion could prevent environmental destruction and imminent crises. Energy, transport, water, environment and food production systems should aim for self-sufficiency and not the rapid depletion of natural resources. Planning for sustainable development must overcome many complex technical and social issues.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (354 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101161
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  • 54
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ocean closure involves a variety of converging tectonic processes that reshape shrinking basins, their adjacent margins and the entire earth underneath. Following continental breakup, margin formation and sediment accumulation, tectonics normally relaxes and the margins become passive for millions of years. However, when final convergence is at the gate, the passive days of any ocean and its margins are over or soon will be. The fate of the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf is seemingly known beforehand, as they are nestled in the midst of Africa-Arabia plate convergence with Eurasia. Over millions of years through the Cenozoic era they progressively shriveled, leaving only a glimpse of the Tethys Ocean. Eventually, the basins will adhere to the Alpine-Himalaya orogen and dissipate. This book focuses on a unique stage in the ocean closure process, when significant convergence already induced major deformations, yet the inter-plate basins and margins still record the geological history.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075945
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  • 55
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: With growing attention on global environmental and climate change, geoscience has experienced rapid change and development in the last three decades. Many new data, methods and modeling techniques have been developed and applied in various aspects of geoscience. The chapters collected in this book present an excellent profile of the current state of various data, analysis methods and modeling techniques, and demonstrate their applications from hydrology, geology and paleogeomorphology, to geophysics, environmental and climate change. The wide range methods and techniques covered in the book include information systems and technology, global position system (GPS), digital sediment core image analysis, fuzzy set theory for hydrology, spatial interpolation, spectral analysis of geophysical data, GIS-based hydrological models, high resolution geological models, 3D sedimentology, change detection from remote sensing, etc. Besides two comprehensive review articles, most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular method or technique.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077376
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; tectonics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Plates Amalgamation and Plate Destruction, the Western Gondwana History by Ngako Vincent and Njonfang Emmanuel --- Chapter 2: Lithospheric Structure and Tectonics of the Eastern Alps – Evidence from New Seismic Data by Ewald Brückl --- Chapter 3: Structure and Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Outer Carpathians by Jan Golonka, Kaja Pietsch and Paweł Marzec --- Chapter 4: Tectonic Model of the Sinai Peninsula Based on Geophysical Investigations by Taha Rabeh --- Chapter 5: Siberia - From Rodinia to Eurasia by Dmitry V. Metelkin, Valery A. Vernikovsky and Alexey Yu. Kazansky --- Chapter 6: Proto-Basin Types of North China Craton (NCC) in Late Triassic and Its Implication for Regional Tectonics of Initial Craton Destruction by Yang Minghui, Liu Chiyang, Zeng Peng, Bai Hua and Zhou Jin --- Chapter 7: Tectonic Implications of Stratigraphy Architecture in Distal Part of Foreland Basin, Southwestern Taiwan by Jong-Chang Wu, Kenn-Ming Yang, Yi-Ru Chen and Wen-Rong Chi --- Chapter 8: Seismic Hazard in Tien Shan: Basement Structure Control Over the Deformation Induced by Indo-Eurasia Collision by Buslov, Mikhail M. and De Grave, Johan --- Chapter 9: Lithosphere as a Nonlinear System: Geodynamic Consequences by E. G. Mirlin --- Chapter 10: Layer-Block Tectonics, a New Concept of Plate Tectonics - An Example from Nansha Micro-Plate, Southern South China Sea by Hai-ling Liu, Hong-bo Zheng, Yan-Lin Wang, Chao-Hua Wu, Mei-Song Zhao and Yun-Kong Du --- Chapter 11: The Role of Geoelectrical DC Methods in Determining the Subsurface Tectonics Features. Case Studies from Syria by Jamal Asfahani --- Chapter 12: Salt Tectonics of the Lisan Diapir Revealed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by Damien Closson, Najib Abou Karaki, Nada Milisavljević, Frédéric Hallot, and Marc Acheroy --- Chapter 13: Mantle-like Trace Element Composition of Petroleum – Contributions from Serpentinizing Peridotites by Peter Szatmari, Teresa Cristina O. da Fonseca and Norbert F. Miekeley
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075457
    Language: English
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  • 57
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: Worldwide attention to environmental issues combined with the energy crisis force us to reduce greenhouse emissions and increase the usage of renewable energy sources as a solution to providing an efficient environment. This book addresses the current issues of sustainable growth and applications in renewable energy sources. The fifteen chapters of the book have been divided into two sections to organize the information accessible to readers. The book provides a variety of material, for instance on policies aiming at the promotion of sustainable development and implementation aspects of RES.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (338 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074085
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: The second book of the four-volume edition of "Solar cells" is devoted to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are considered to be extremely promising because they are made of low-cost materials with simple inexpensive manufacturing procedures and can be engineered into flexible sheets. DSSCs are emerged as a truly new class of energy conversion devices, which are representatives of the third generation solar technology. Mechanism of conversion of solar energy into electricity in these devices is quite peculiar. The achieved energy conversion efficiency in DSSCs is low, however, it has improved quickly in the last years. It is believed that DSSCs are still at the start of their development stage and will take a worthy place in the large-scale production for the future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077352
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is devoted to different sides of Electromotive Force theory and its applications in Engineering science and Industry. The covered topics include the Quantum Theory of Thermoelectric Power (Seebeck Coefficient), Electromotive forces in solar energy and photocatalysis (photo electromotive forces), Electromotive Force in Electrochemical Modification of Mudstone, The EMF method with solid-state electrolyte in the thermodynamic investigation of ternary copper and silver chalcogenides, Electromotive Force Measurements and Thermodynamic Modelling of Electrolyte in Mixed Solvents, Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys, Electromotive Force Measurements in High-Temperature Systems and finally, Resonance Analysis of Induced EMF on Coils.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077284
    Language: English
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  • 60
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: This book entitled "Biodiesel: Quality, Emissions and By-products" covers topics related to biodiesel quality, performance of combustion engines that use biodiesel and the emissions they generate. New routes to determinate biodiesel properties are proposed and the process how the raw material source, impurities and production practices can affect the quality of the biodiesel is analyzed. In relation to the utilization of biofuel, the performance of combustion engines fuelled by biodiesel and biodiesels blends are evaluated. The applications of glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel production process as a feedstock for biotechnological processes, and a key compound of the biorefinery of the future is also emphasized.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077840
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: The fourth book of the four-volume edition of 'Solar cells' consists chapters that are general in nature and not related specifically to the so-called photovoltaic generations, novel scientific ideas and technical solutions, which has not properly approved. General issues of the efficiency of solar cell and through hydrogen production in photoelectrochemical solar cell are discussed. Considerable attention is paid to the quantum-size effects in solar cells both in general and on specific examples of super-lattices, quantum dots, etc. New materials, such as cuprous oxide as an active material for solar cells, AlSb for use as an absorber layer in p-i-n junction solar cells, InGaAsN as a promising material for multi-junction tandem solar cells, InP in solar cells with MIS structures are discussed. Several chapters are devoted to the analysis of both status and perspective of organic photovoltaics such as polymer/fullerene solar cells, poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) derivatives, photovoltaic textiles, photovoltaic fibers, etc.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077611
    Language: English
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  • 62
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: tsunami ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Submarine earthquakes, submarine slides and impacts may set large water volumes in motion characterized by very long wavelengths and a very high speed of lateral displacement, when reaching shallower water the wave breaks in over land – often with disastrous effects. This natural phenomenon is known as a tsunami event. By December 26, 2004, an event in the Indian Ocean, this word suddenly became known to the public. The effects were indeed disastrous and 227,898 people were killed. Tsunami events are a natural part of the Earth’s geophysical system. There have been numerous events in the past and they will continue to be a threat to humanity; even more so today, when the coastal zone is occupied by so much more human activity and many more people. Therefore, tsunamis pose a very serious threat to humanity. The only way for us to face this threat is by increased knowledge so that we can meet future events by efficient warning systems and aid organizations. This book offers extensive and new information on tsunamis; their origin, history, effects, monitoring, hazards assessment and proposed handling with respect to precaution. Only through knowledge do we know how to behave in a wise manner. This book should be a well of tsunami knowledge for a long time, we hope.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (714 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075525
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: In the early 21st century, research and development of sustainable energy harvesting (EH) technologies have started. Since then, many EH technologies have evolved, advanced and even been successfully developed into hardware prototypes for sustaining the operational lifetime of low?power electronic devices like mobile gadgets, smart wireless sensor networks, etc. Energy harvesting is a technology that harvests freely available renewable energy from the ambient environment to recharge or put used energy back into the energy storage devices without the hassle of disrupting or even discontinuing the normal operation of the specific application. With the prior knowledge and experience developed over a decade ago, progress of sustainable EH technologies research is still intact and ongoing. EH technologies are starting to mature and strong synergies are formulating with dedicate application areas. To move forward, now would be a good time to setup a review and brainstorm session to evaluate the past, investigate and think through the present and understand and plan for the future sustainable energy harvesting technologies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074382
    Language: English
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  • 64
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: The book "Biodiesel: Feedstocks and Processing Technologies" is intended to provide a professional look on the recent achievements and emerging trends in biodiesel production. It includes 22 chapters, organized in two sections. The first book section: "Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production" covers issues associated with the utilization of cost effective non-edible raw materials and wastes, and the development of biomass feedstock with physical and chemical properties that facilitate it processing to biodiesel. These include Brassicaceae spp., cooking oils, animal fat wastes, oleaginous fungi, and algae. The second book section: "Biodiesel Production Methods" is devoted to the advanced techniques for biodiesel synthesis: supercritical transesterification, microwaves, radio frequency and ultrasound techniques, reactive distillation, and optimized transesterification processes making use of solid catalysts and immobilized enzymes. The adequate and up-to-date information provided in this book should be of interest for research scientist, students, and technologists, involved in biodiesel production.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (458 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077130
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: The first book of this four-volume edition is dedicated to one of the most promising areas of photovoltaics, which has already reached a large-scale production of the second-generation thin-film solar modules and has resulted in building the powerful solar plants in several countries around the world. Thin-film technologies using direct-gap semiconductors such as CIGS and CdTe offer the lowest manufacturing costs and are becoming more prevalent in the industry allowing to improve manufacturability of the production at significantly larger scales than for wafer or ribbon Si modules. It is only a matter of time before thin films like CIGS and CdTe will replace wafer-based silicon solar cells as the dominant photovoltaic technology. Photoelectric efficiency of thin-film solar modules is still far from the theoretical limit. The scientific and technological problems of increasing this key parameter of the solar cell are discussed in several chapters of this volume.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (456 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075709
    Language: English
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  • 66
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays, the increasing use of power electronics equipment origins important distortions. The perfect AC power systems are a pure sinusoidal wave, both voltage and current, but the ever-increasing existence of non-linear loads modify the characteristics of voltage and current from the ideal sinusoidal wave. This deviation from the ideal wave is reflected by the harmonics and, although its effects vary depending on the type of load, it affects the efficiency of an electrical system and can cause considerable damage to the systems and infrastructures. Ensuring optimal power quality after a good design and devices means productivity, efficiency, competitiveness and profitability. Nevertheless, nobody can assure the optimal power quality when there is a good design if the correct testing and working process from the obtained data is not properly assured at every instant; this entails processing the real data correctly. In this book the reader will be introduced to the harmonics analysis from the real measurement data and to the study of different industrial environments and electronic devices.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073354
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Biological Diversity and Sustainable Resources Use is a very interesting volume, including attractive overviews and original case studies mainly focused on socio-economical effects of the right management of the ecosystems biodiversity, as well as on the useful integration between human activities and environmental responses. Ecological, medical and historical aspects of the sustainable development are also discussed in this book which consists of articles written by international experts, offering the reader a clear and extensive view of the present condition in which our planet is.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077062
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: tsunami ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The objective of this multi-disciplinary book is to provide a collection of expert writing on different aspects of pre- and post- tsunami developments and management techniques. It is intended to be distributed within the scientific community and among the decision makers for tsunami risk reduction. The presented chapters have been thoroughly reviewed and accepted for publication. It presents advanced methods for tsunami measurement using Ocean-bottom pressure sensor, kinematic GPS buoy, satellite altimetry, Paleotsunami, Ionospheric sounding, early warning system, and scenario based numerical modeling. It continues to present case studies from the Northern Caribbean, Makran region and Tamil Nadu coast in India. Furthermore, classifying tsunamis into local, regional and global, their possible impact on the region and its immediate vicinity is highlighted. It also includes the effects of tsunami hazard on the coastal environment and infrastructure (structures, lifelines, water resources, bridges, dykes, etc.); and finally the need for emergency medical response preparedness and the prevention of psychological consequences of the affected survivors has been discussed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074313
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: The utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, or solar energy, among others, is currently of greater interest. Nevertheless, since their availability is arbitrary and unstable this can lead to frequency variation, to grid instability and to a total or partial loss of load power supply, being not appropriate sources to be directly connected to the main utility grid. Additionally, the presence of a static converter as output interface of the generating plants introduces voltage and current harmonics into the electrical system that negatively affect system power quality. By integrating distributed power generation systems closed to the loads in the electric grid, we can eliminate the need to transfer energy over long distances through the electric grid. In this book the reader will be introduced to different power generation and distribution systems with an analysis of some types of existing disturbances and a study of different industrial applications such as battery charges.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073293
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: The third book of four-volume edition of 'Solar Cells' is devoted to solar cells based on silicon wafers, i.e., the main material used in today's photovoltaics. The volume includes the chapters that present new results of research aimed to improve efficiency, to reduce consumption of materials and to lower cost of wafer-based silicon solar cells as well as new methods of research and testing of the devices. Light trapping design in c-Si and mc-Si solar cells, solar-energy conversion as a function of the geometric-concentration factor, design criteria for spacecraft solar arrays are considered in several chapters. A system for the micrometric characterization of solar cells, for identifying the electrical parameters of PV solar generators, a new model for extracting the physical parameters of solar cells, LBIC method for characterization of solar cells, non-idealities in the I-V characteristic of the PV generators are discussed in other chapters of the volume.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077475
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: The civilization of present age is predominantly dependent on energy resources and their utilization. Almost every human activity in today's life needs one or other form of energy. As world's energy resources are not unlimited, it is extremely important to use energy efficiently. Both energy related technological issues and policy and planning paradigms are highly needed to effectively exploit and utilize energy resources. This book covers topics, ranging from technology to policy, relevant to efficient energy utilization. Those academic and practitioners who have background knowledge of energy issues can take benefit from this book.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077420
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Keywords: global change ; environmental change ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Over the years, environmental change has sharpened significant dynamic evolution and knowledge in organizational structures of organisms, from cellular/molecular to macro-organism level including our society. Changes in social and ecological systems due to environmental change will hopefully result in a shift towards sustainability, with legislative and government entities responding to diverse policy and management issues concerning the building, management and restoration of social-ecological systems on a regional and global scale. Solutions are particularly needed at the regional level, where physical features of the landscape, biological systems and human institutions interact. The purpose of this book is to disseminate both theoretical and applied studies on interactions between human and natural systems from multidisciplinary research perspectives on global environmental change. It combines interdisciplinary approaches, long-term research and a practical solution to the increasing intensity of problems related to environmental change, and is intended for a broad target audience ranging from students to specialists.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077093
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Driven by the increasing necessity to define the biological diversity frame of widespread, endemic and threatened species, as well as by the stimulating chance to describe new species, the study of the evolutive and spatial dynamics is in constant execution. Systematic overviews, biogeographic and phylogenic backgrounds, species composition and distribution in restricted areas are focal topics of the 15 interesting independent chapters collected in this book, chosen to offer to the reader an overall view of the present condition in which our planet is.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (366 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077727
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Every ecosystem is a complex organization of carefully mixed life forms; a dynamic and particularly sensible system. Consequently, their progressive decline may accelerate climate change and vice versa, influencing flora and fauna composition and distribution, resulting in the loss of biodiversity. Climate changes effects are the principal topics of this volume. Written by internationally renowned contributors, Biodiversity loss in a changing planet offers attractive study cases focused on biodiversity evaluations and provisions in several different ecosystems, analysing the current life condition of many life forms, and covering very different biogeographic zones of the planet.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077079
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: earth sciences ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: We are increasingly faced with environmental problems and required to make important decisions. In many cases an understanding of one or more geologic processes is essential to finding the appropriate solution. Earth and Environmental Sciences are by their very nature a dynamic field in which new issues continue to arise and old ones often evolve. The principal aim of this book is to present the reader with a broad overview of Earth and Environmental Sciences. Hopefully, this recent research will provide the reader with a useful foundation for discussing and evaluating specific environmental issues, as well as for developing ideas for problem solving. The book has been divided into nine sections; Geology, Geochemistry, Seismology, Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Mineralogy, Soil, Remote Sensing and Environmental Sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (630 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074689
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: As everybody knows, the dynamic interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the anthropic ones, considerably affect global climate changes and consequently biology, ecology and distribution of life forms of our planet. These important natural events affect all ecosystems, causing important changes on biodiversity. Systematic and phylogenetic studies, biogeographic distribution analysis and evaluations of diversity richness are focal topics of this book written by international experts, some even considering economical effects and future perspectives on the managing and conservation plans.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077963
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Unknown
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Keywords: astrobiology ; biogeochemistry ; biogeoscience ; geobiology ; geology ; microbiology ; origin of life
    Description / Table of Contents: The interplay between Geology and Biology has shaped the Earth from the early Precambrian, 4 billion years ago. Moving beyond the borders of the classical core disciplines, Geobiology strives to identify cause-and-effect chains and synergisms between the geo- and the biospheres that have been driving evolution of life in modern and ancient environments. Combining modern methods, geobiological information can be extracted not only from visible remains of organisms, but also from organic molecules, rock fabrics, minerals, isotopes and other tracers. Exploring these processes and their signatures also creates enormous applied potentials with respect to issues of environment protection, public health, energy and resource management. The Encyclopedia of Geobiology is designed as a key reference for students, researchers, teachers, and the informed public to provide basic, but comprehensible knowledge on this rapidly expanding discipline at the interface between modern geo- and biosciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVIII, 927 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781402092121
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: biodiversity ; ecosystems ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Ecosystems can be considered as dynamic and interactive clusters made up of plants, animals and micro-organism communities. Inevitably, mankind is an integral part of each ecosystem and as such enjoys all its provided benefits. Driven by the increasing necessity to preserve the ecosystem productivity, several ecological studies have been conducted in the last few years, highlighting the current state in which our planet is, and focusing on future perspectives. This book contains comprehensive overviews and original studies focused on hazard analysis and evaluation of ecological variables affecting species diversity, richness and distribution, in order to identify the best management strategies to face and solve the conservation problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074177
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: World Energy Outlook 2011 brings together the latest data, policy developments, and the experience of another year to provide robust analysis and insight into global energy markets, today and for the next 25 years. This edition of the IEA’s flagship WEO publication gives the latest energy demand and supply projections for different future scenarios, broken down by country, fuel and sector. It also gives special focus to such topical energy sector issues as: • Russia’s energy prospects and their implications for global markets. • The role of coal in driving economic growth in an emissions-constrained world. • The implications of a possible delay in oil and gas sector investment in the Middle East and North Africa. • How high-carbon infrastructure “lock-in” is making the 2°C climate change goal more challenging and expensive to meet. • The scale of fossil fuel subsidies and support for renewable energy and their impact on energy, economic and environmental trends. • A “Low Nuclear Case” to investigate what a rapid slowdown in the use of nuclear power would mean for the global energy landscape. • The scale and type of investment needed to provide modern energy to the billions of the world’s poor that do not have it. WEO-2011 provides invaluable insights into how the energy system could evolve over the next quarter of a century. The book is essential reading for anyone with a stake in the energy sector.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (659 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264124134
    Language: English
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  • 80
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals. The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals. This paper aims to examine the justification for specific energy efficiency policies in economies with carbon pricing in place. The paper begins with an inventory of existing market failures that attempt to explain the limited uptake of energy efficiency. These market failures are investigated to see which can be overcome by carbon pricing in two subsectors – electricity use in residential appliances and heating energy use in buildings. This analysis finds that carbon pricing addresses energy efficiency market failures such as externalities and imperfect energy markets. However, several market and behavioural failures in the two subsectors are identified that appear not to be addressed by carbon pricing. These include: imperfect information; principal-agent problems; and behavioural failures. In this analysis, the policies that address these market failures are identified as complementary to carbon pricing and their level of interaction with carbon pricing policies is relatively positive. These policies should be implemented when they can improve energy efficiency effectively and efficiently (and achieve other national goals such as improving socio-economic efficiency).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper explores the relationships between climate policy and renewable energy policy instruments. It shows that, even where CO2 emissions are duly priced, specific incentives for supporting the early deployment of renewable energy technologies are justified by the steep learning curves of nascent technologies. This early investment reduces costs in the longer term and makes renewable energy affordable when it needs to be deployed on a very large scale to fully contribute to climate change mitigation and energy security. The paper also reveals other noteworthy interaction effects of climate policy and renewable policy instruments on the wholesale electricity prices in deregulated markets, which open new areas for future research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This working paper evaluates cost and performance trends related to carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power generation, based on extensive analysis of data from major engineering studies published between 2006 and 2010. Since individual studies use different methodologies and boundary conditions, study estimates for over 50 CO2 capture installations are re-evaluated on a consistent basis and updated to current cost levels. The paper discusses the need for further standardisation of evaluation methodologies and additional data for specific CO2 capture routes. Further analysis for non-OECD countries is considered crucial for global energy scenario models, and for improving the skills and knowledge developing countries need to evaluate the role of CCS in their national energy contexts.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that 100 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects will be required by 2020 and over 3 000 by 2050 if CCS is to contribute fully to the least-cost technology portfolio for CO2 mitigation. For CCS to reach its emissions reduction potential, the 2009 IEA publication Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage recommends that international legal obstacles associated with global CCS deployment be removed by 2012 – including the prohibition on transboundary CO2 transfer under the London Protocol. The London Protocol was amended by contracting parties in 2009 to allow for cross-border transportation of CO2 for sub-seabed storage, but the amendment must be ratified by two-thirds of contracting parties to enter into force. It is unlikely that this will occur in the near term; this working paper therefore outlines options that may be available to contracting parties under international law to address the barrier to deployment presented by Article 6, pending formal entry into force of the 2009 amendment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: What impact will the return of high energy prices have on the fragile economic recovery? Will geopolitical unrest, price volatility and policy inaction defer investment in the oil sector and amplify risks to our energy security? What will renewed uncertainty surrounding the role of nuclear power mean for future energy and environmental trends? Is the gap between our climate actions and our climate goals becoming insurmountable? World Energy Outlook 2011 tackles these and other pressing questions. The latest data, policy developments, and the experience of another turbulent year are brought together to provide robust analysis and insight into global energy markets. WEO-2011 once again gives detailed energy demand and supply projections out to 2035, broken down by region, fuel, sector and scenario.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA’s Smart Grids Technology Roadmap identified five global trends that could be effectively addressed by deploying smart grids. These are: increasing peak load (the maximum power that the grid delivers during peak hours), rising electricity consumption, electrification of transport, deployment of variable generation technologies (e.g. wind and solar PV) and ageing infrastructure. Along with this roadmap, a new working paper – Impact of Smart Grid Technologies on Peak Load to 2050 – develops a methodology to estimate the evolution of peak load until 2050. It also analyses the impact of smart grid technologies in reducing peak load for four key regions; OECD North America, OECD Europe, OECD Pacific and China. This working paper is a first IEA effort in an evolving modelling process of smart grids that is considering demand response in residential and commercial sectors as well as the integration of electric vehicles.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 86
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity use is growing worldwide, providing a range of energy services: lighting, heating and cooling, specific industrial uses, entertainment, information technologies, and mobility. Because its generation remains largely based on fossil fuels, electricity is also the largest and the fastest-growing source of energy-related CO2 emissions, the primary cause of human-induced climate change. Forecasts from the IEA and others show that “decarbonising” electricity and enhancing end-use efficiency can make major contributions to the fight against climate change. Global and regional trends on electricity supply and demand indicate the magnitude of the decarbonisation challenge ahead. As climate concerns become an essential component of energy policy-making, the generation and use of electricity will be subject to increasingly strong policy actions by governments to reduce their associated CO2 emissions. Despite these actions, and despite very rapid growth in renewable energy generation, significant technology and policy challenges remain if this unprecedented essential transition is to be achieved. The IEA Climate and Electricity Annual 2011 provides an authoritative resource on progress to date in this area, with statistics related to CO2 and the electricity sector across ten regions of the world. It also presents topical analyses on meeting the challenge of rapidly curbing CO2 emissions from electricity, from both a policy and technology perspective.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: What impact will the return of high energy prices have on the fragile economic recovery? Will geopolitical unrest, price volatility and policy inaction defer investment in the oil sector and amplify risks to our energy security? What will renewed uncertainty surrounding the role of nuclear power mean for future energy and environmental trends? Is the gap between our climate actions and our climate goals becoming insurmountable? World Energy Outlook 2011 tackles these and other pressing questions. The latest data, policy developments, and the experience of another turbulent year are brought together to provide robust analysis and insight into global energy markets. WEO-2011 once again gives detailed energy demand and supply projections out to 2035, broken down by region, fuel, sector and scenario.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2010 for the United Nations General Assembly on the Millenium Development Goals.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Increased focus has been placed on the issues of energy access and energy poverty over the last number of years, most notably indicated by the United Nations (UN) declaring 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”. Although attention in these topics has increased, incorrect assumptions and misunderstandings still arise in both the literature and dialogues. Access to energy does not only include electricity, does not only include cook stoves, but must include access to all types of energy that form the overall energy system. This paper chooses to examine this energy system using a typology that breaks it into 3 primary energy subsystems: heat energy, electricity and transportation. Describing the global energy system using these three subsystems provides a way to articulate the differences and similarities for each system’s required investments needs by the private and public sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency’s Energy Efficiency Unit (EEU) has begun a new programme of work on innovative energy-efficiency policies for mitigating fuel poverty. The IEAs current research focuses on the potential for low-income weatherisation programmes to address poor housing quality – the main driver of fuel poverty - as well as innovative methods for financing and evaluating such programmes. A common problem is that the energy-saving benefits accruing to fuel-poor households barely offset the investment required, suggesting a weak return on government spending. However, these investments have additional co-benefits for participants as well as for energy providers, property owners, local communities and society as a whole. This first IEA workshop focused on methods for incorporating the range of co-benefits into evaluation of low-income weatherisation programmes. The presentations given by top experts in the fuel poverty field are summarised in this report, along with conclusions and proposals for further research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ensuring energy security has been at the centre of the IEA mission since its inception, following the oil crises of the early 1970s. While the security of oil supplies remains important, contemporary energy security policies must address all energy sources and cover a a comprehensive range of natural, economic and political risks that affect energy sources, infrastructures and services. In response to this challenge, the IEA is currently developing a Model Of Short-term Energy Security (MOSES) to evaluate the energy security risks and resilience capacities of its member countries. The current version of MOSES covers short-term security of supply for primary energy sources and secondary fuels among IEA countries. It also lays the foundation for analysis of vulnerabilities of electricity and end-use energy sectors. MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. Ensuring energy security has been at the centre of the IEA mission since its inception, following the oil crises of the early 1970s. While the security of oil supplies remains important, contemporary energy security policies must address all energy sources and cover a a comprehensive range of natural, economic and political risks that affect energy sources, infrastructures and services. In response to this challenge, the IEA is currently developing a Model Of Short-term Energy Security (MOSES) to evaluate the energy security risks and resilience capacities of its member countries. The current version of MOSES covers short-term security of supply for primary energy sources and secondary fuels among IEA countries. It also lays the foundation for analysis of vulnerabilities of electricity and end-use energy sectors. MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. This Working Paper is intended for readers who wish to explore the MOSES methodology in depth; there is also a brochure which provides an overview of the analysis and results.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. Ensuring energy security has been at the centre of the IEA mission since its inception, following the oil crises of the early 1970s. While the security of oil supplies remains important, contemporary energy security policies must address all energy sources and cover a a comprehensive range of natural, economic and political risks that affect energy sources, infrastructures and services. In response to this challenge, the IEA is currently developing a Model Of Short-term Energy Security (MOSES) to evaluate the energy security risks and resilience capacities of its member countries. The current version of MOSES covers short-term security of supply for primary energy sources and secondary fuels among IEA countries. It also lays the foundation for analysis of vulnerabilities of electricity and end-use energy sectors. MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. This Brochure provides and overview of the analysis and results. Readers interested in an in-depth discussion of methodology are referred to the MOSES Working Paper.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that 100 carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects must be implemented by 2020 and over 3 000 by 2050 if CCS is to fully contribute to the least-cost technology portfolio for CO2 mitigation. To help countries address the many legal and regulatory issues associated with such rapid deployment, the IEA launched the Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review (CCS Review) in October 2010. The CCS Review gathers contributions by national and regional governments, as well as leading organisations engaged in CCS regulatory activities, to provide a knowledge-sharing forum that supports national-level CCS regulatory development. Each contribution provides a short summary of recent and anticipated developments and highlights a particular regulatory theme (such as financial contributions to long-term stewardship). To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends. Produced bi-annually, the CCS Review provides an up-to-date snapshot of global CCS regulatory developments. The theme for the second edition of the CCS Review, released in May 2011, is long-term liability for stored CO2. Other key issues addressed include: national progress towards implementation of the EU CCS Directive; developments in marine treaties relevant to CCS; international climate change negotiations; and the development process for CCS regulation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: As demonstrated by the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami-triggered blackouts in Japan, electricity shortfalls can happen anytime and anywhere. Countries can minimise the negative economic, social and environmental impacts of such electricity shortfalls by developing emergency energy-saving strategies before a crisis occurs. This new IEA report Saving Electricity in a Hurry: Update 2011 highlights preliminary findings and conclusions from electricity shortfalls in Japan, the United States, New Zealand, South Africa and Chile. It draws on recent analysis to: - reinforce well-established guidelines on diagnosing electricity shortfalls, identifying energy-saving opportunities and selecting a package of energy-saving measures; and - highlight proven practice for implementing emergency energy-saving programmes. This paper will be valuable to government, academic, private-sector and civil-society stakeholders who inform, develop and implement electricity policy in general, and emergency energy-saving programmes in particular.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Increased focus has been placed on the issues of energy access and energy poverty over the last number of years, most notably indicated by the United Nations (UN) declaring 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”. Although attention in these topics has increased, incorrect assumptions and misunderstandings still arise in both the literature and dialogues. Access to energy does not only include electricity, does not only include cook stoves, but must include access to all types of energy that form the overall energy system. This paper chooses to examine this energy system using a typology that breaks it into 3 primary energy subsystems: heat energy, electricity and transportation. Describing the global energy system using these three subsystems provides a way to articulate the differences and similarities for each system’s required investments needs by the private and public sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Timely and effective deployment of demand response could greatly increase power system flexibility, electricity security and market efficiency. Considerable progress has been made in recent years to harness demand response. However, most of this potential remains to be developed. The paper draws from IEA experience to identify barriers to demand response, and possible enablers that can encourage more timely and effective demand response including cost reflective pricing, retail market reform, and improved load control and metering equipment. Governments have a key role to play in developing and implementing the policy, legal, regulatory and market frameworks needed to empower customer choice and accelerate the development and deployment of cost-effective demand response.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Keywords: civil engineering ; geology ; geophysics ; geodesy ; remote sensing
    Description / Table of Contents: Our planet is nowadays continuously monitored by powerful remote sensors operating in wide portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our capability of acquiring detailed information on the environment has been revolutionized by revealing its inner structure, morphology and dynamical changes. The way we now observe and study the evolution of the Earth’s status has even radically influenced our perception and conception of the world we live in. The aim of this book is to bring together contributions from experts to present new research results and prospects of the future developments in the area of geosciences and remote sensing; emerging research directions are discussed. The volume consists of twenty-six chapters, encompassing both theoretical aspects and application-oriented studies. An unfolding perspective on various current trends in this extremely rich area is offered. The book chapters can be categorized along different perspectives, among others, use of active or passive sensors, employed technologies and configurations, considered scenario on the Earth, scientific research area involved in the studies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789537619978
    Language: English
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  • 98
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oil and gas markets have been marked by an increased divergence in recent months. On the one hand, oil market developments have generated an unpleasant sense of déja vu: rapid demand growth in emerging markets eclipsed sluggish supply growth to push prices higher even before the conflict in Libya tightened supplies still further. Oil prices around $100/bbl are weighing down on an already-fragile macroeconomic and financial situation in the OECD, pressuring national budgets in the non-OECD and causing price inflation of other commodities, as well as political concerns about speculation. There is an uncanny resemblance to the first half of 2008. On the other hand, in the world of natural gas an amazing disconnect has developed as demand recovered to well above pre-financial-crisis levels in most major regions. Gas markets have tightened in Europe and Asia, where prices are about twice the level seen in the United States, as the unconventional gas revolution is in full swing. From the upstream implications of the Arab Spring to the macroeconomic consequences of the eurozone crisis, energy markets are experiencing one of the most uncertain periods in decades. Medium-Term Oil and Gas Markets 2011 provides a comprehensive outlook for oil and gas fundamentals through 2016. The oil market analysis covers demand developments on a product-by-product and key-sector basis, as well as a detailed bottom-up assessment of upstream and refinery investments, trade flows, oil products supply and OPEC spare capacity. The gas market analysis offers a region-by-region assessment of demand and production, infrastructure investment, price developments and prospects for unconventional gas. It also examines the globalising LNG trade.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: For the first time, the IEA has merged its medium-term market reports for oil and gas, thereby giving readers a broader perspective on global trends. Critical questions persist for both markets, including whether economic and energy demand outlooks are clearer than in mid-2009. For the first time, the IEA has merged its medium-term market reports for oil and gas, thereby giving readers a broader perspective on global trends. Critical questions persist for both markets, including whether economic and energy demand outlooks are clearer than in mid-2009. Do oil markets show a genuine structural shift in demand patterns? Will they sustain a nascent recovery in upstream spending evident in 2010? And how long will current levels of OPEC spare capacity persist? For the gas market, will demand recover from its collapse in 2009? How long will the gas glut last? Will unconventional gas revolutionise gas markets outside North America? And how is consumption changing in China, Russia and the Middle East? Medium-Term Oil and Gas Markets 2010 presents a comprehensive outlook for oil and gas market fundamentals over the next three to five years. The oil market analysis develops two demand scenarios that reflect uncertainties about the path of economic recovery after the global slow-down in 2008/09. Market balances are generated from detailed analysis of upstream investment projects, oil field decline rates, product-by-product demand trends, and refinery investment and operations. The gas market analysis assesses prices, unconventional gas, future demand developments and LNG markets, as well as investment across the gas value chain. With a focus on key producers (including Russia, the Caspian region and the Middle East) and rising LNG exporters (such as Australia), it examines implications for global gas markets.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (373 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Unknown
    Innsbruck : Innsbruck University Press
    Keywords: Glacier ; glacier foreland ; history ; geology ; climate ; vegetation history ; soils ; primary succession ; aquatic environments ; fungi ; microbes ; cryoconite holes ; Rotmoosferner ; Oetz Valley
    Description / Table of Contents: Glaciers and glacier forelands are the most impressive landscapes in the inner Oetz Valley (Tyrol, Austria). Since 1858, the glaciers of the area are retreating more or less continuously, releasing new areas for colonization. The main aim of book no. 1 of the Alpine Research Centre Obergurgl is to present the research at the Rotmoosferner glacier foreland and the knowledge of glacial environments in a comprehensive way. The book provides baseline informations for students, prospective scientists, field courses and for interested lay people. | Gletscher und Gletschervorfelder prägen in besonders eindrucksvoller Weise das innere Ötztal (Tirol, Österreich). Sie sind von besonderem wissenschaftlichem Interesse, zumal der Gletscherrückgang nun seit 1858 nahezu kontinuierlich anhält. Das Buch Nr. 1 der Alpinen Forschungsstelle Obergurgl verdeutlicht in umfassender Weise die Forschungstätigkeit speziell im Gletschervorfeld des Rotmoosferners und in seinem weiteren Umfeld. Grundlageninformationen werden bereitgestellt für Studierende, angehende WissenschaftlerInnen, Exkursions- und PraktikumsleiterInnen, aber auch für interessierte Laien.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783902719508
    Language: German
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