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  • Other Sources  (131)
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  • 1
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    High Pressure Rheology of Hydrate Slurries Formed from Water-in-Mineral Oil Emulsions (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53 (17). pp. 6998-7007.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-03
    Description: Structure I methane hydrates are formed in situ from water-in-mineral oil emulsions in a high pressure rheometer cell. Viscosity is measured as hydrates form, grow, change under flow, and dissociate. Experiments are performed at varying water volume fraction in the original emulsion (0–0.40), temperature (0–6 °C), and initial pressure of methane (750–1500 psig). Hydrate slurries exhibit a sharp increase in viscosity upon hydrate formation, followed by complex behavior dictated by factors including continued hydrate formation, shear alignment, methane depletion/dissolution, aggregate formation, and capillary bridging. Hydrate slurries possess a yield stress and are shear-thinning fluids, which are described by the Cross model. Hydrate slurry viscosity and yield stress increased with increasing water volume fraction. As driving force for hydrate formation decreases (increasing temperature, decreasing pressure), hydrate slurry viscosity increases, suggesting that slower hydrate formation leads to larger and more porous aggregates. In total, addition of water to a methane saturated oil can cause more than a fifty-fold increase in viscosity if hydrates form.
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  • 2
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    Structures of the Dimeric and Monomeric Chromanones, Gonytolides A–C, Isolated from the FungusGonytrichumsp. and Their Promoting Activities of Innate Immune Responses (2011)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Organic Letters, 13 (17). pp. 4624-4627.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-20
    Description: Innate immunity is the front line of self-defense against microbial infection. After searching for natural substances that regulate innate immunity using an ex vivo Drosophila culture system, we identified a novel dimeric chromanone, gonytolide A, as an innate immune promoter from the fungus Gonytrichum sp. along with gonytolides B and C. Gonytolide A also increased TNF-α-stimulated production of IL-8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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  • 3
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    Morphological structures relate to the location and extent of the seismogenic zone - bathymetric studies of the Sunda margin, Indonesia (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-14
    Description: Earthquake history shows that the Sunda subduction zone of the Indonesian margin produces great earthquakes offshore Sumatra, whereas earthquakes of comparable magnitude are lacking offshore Java and the Lesser Sunda islands. Morphological structures from multibeam bathymetric data across the forearc relate with the extent of the seismogenic zone (SZ). Off Java and the Lesser Sunda islands the Indo-Australian plate subducts almost normal underneath the oceanic plate of the Indonesian archipelago. Landward of the trench, the outer wedge of the slope break is ~50 km uniformly wide with uniform bathymetric gradients. The slope of the outer wedge is locally cut by one/two steeper ridges of ~5 km extent. The sharp slope break corresponds to the updip limit of the SZ, which is also associated with the seawardmost part of the outer arc high. Landward of the slope break we find narrow, uniform outer arc ridges. The landward termination of these ridges coincides with the downdip limit of the SZ. The intersection of the shallow upper plate mantle with the subduction thrust fault marks the downdip limit of the SZ beneath the forearc. Off Sumatra the Indo-Australian plate subducts obliquely underneath the continental part of the Indonesian Sunda margin. Landward of the trench, the outer wedge varies, being mostly ~70 km wide, in some areas narrowing to 50 km width. The lower slope bathymetric gradients are steep. The outer wedge slope is made up of several steeper ridges of ~5 km extent. The slope break is only locally sharp, and corresponds to the updip limit of the SZ. The outer arc ridges off Sumatra are, in comparison with the forearc structures off Java and the Lesser Sunda islands, wider and partly elevated above sea level forming the Mentawai forearc islands. The downdip limit of the SZ coincides with the intersection of a deeper upper plate mantle with the subduction thrust fault beneath the forearc. Sunda Strait marks a transition zone between the Sumatra and Java margins. Seafloor morphology enables the identification of the seismogenic zone (SZ) across the entire Sunda margin. The SZ is uniformly wide for the Sumatra margin and narrows off Sunda Strait. Sunda Strait is the transition between the Sumatra margin and the uniformly narrow extent of the SZ of the Java/Lesser Sunda margin. Comparing the Java and Lesser Sunda islands with the Sumatra margin we find the differences along the Sunda margin, especially the wider extent of the SZ off Sumatra, producing larger earthquakes, to result from the combination of various causes: The sediment income on the oceanic incoming plate and the subduction direction; we attribute a major role to the continental/oceanic upper plate nature of Sumatra/Java influencing the composition and deformation style along the forearc and subduction fault. Off Sumatra the SZ is up to more than twice as wide as off Java/Lesser Sunda islands, enlarging the unstable regime off Sumatra and thus the risk of sudden stress release in a great earthquake.
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  • 4
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    Neoglacial cooling culminates in rapid sea ice oscillations in eastern Fram Strait (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 407 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-407 The spatial and temporal distribution of sea ice in the subpolar North Atlantic is mainly controlled by the advection of warm Atlantic Water via the Norwegian and West Spitsbergen Current in eastern Fram Strait. Simultaneously, polar water and sea ice from the Arctic Ocean is transported southward by the East Greenland Current. Hence, variations in the strength of this oceanic circulation regime may either stimulate or reduce the sea ice extent. Based on organic geochemical studies of a high-resolution sediment core from eastern Fram Strait we provide new evidence for the highly variable character of the sea ice conditions in this area. The combination of the sea ice proxy IP25 (Belt et al., 2007) with phytoplankton derived biomarkers (e.g. brassicasterol, dinosterol; Volkman 2006) enables a reliable reconstruction of sea surface and sea ice conditions, respectively (Müller et al., 2009; 2010). By means of these biomarkers, we trace gradually increasing sea ice occurrences from the Mid to the Late Holocene – consistent with the neoglacial cooling trend. Throughout the past ca. 3,000 years (BP) we observe a significant short-term variability in the biomarker records, which points to rapid advances and retreats of the sea ice cover at the continental margin of West Spitsbergen. The co-occurrence of IP25 and phytoplankton markers, however, suggests that the primary productivity benefits from these sea ice surges. As such, higher amounts of open-water phytoplankton biomarkers together with peak abundances of IP25 indicate recurring periods of enhanced ice-edge phytoplankton blooms at the core site. To what extent a seesawing of temperate Atlantic Water may account for these sea ice fluctuations requires further investigation. Concurrent variations in Siberian river discharge (Stein et al., 2004) or Norwegian glacier extents (Nesje et al., 2001), however, strengthen that these fluctuations may be assigned to variations in the North Atlantic/Arctic Oscillation (NAO/AO) and (hence) a weakened/accelerated Atlantic Water input and Arctic sea ice export.
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  • 5
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    Early diagenesis of trace metals (V, Mo, U) in sediments of the Peruvian upwelling area: response to oxygen dynamics in the water column (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: The upwelling area in the eastern equatorial Pacific off Peru is one of the most pronounced oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the modern ocean. Modeling scenarios predict an expansion of the OMZs in the course of global change in the coming decades. As a consequence, the Peruvian continental margin represents a key locality for studies on biogeochemical dynamics in the future ocean. We present pore water and sediment data for redox-sensitive metals (Fe, Mn, V, Mo, and U) that have been collected along a transect across the Peruvian margin at 11°S. The results are used to evaluate the behavior of trace metals in a wide range of biogeochemical and hydrodynamic settings. In the core of the OMZ, where permanently anoxic conditions prevail, redox sensitive metals exhibit diagenetic behaviors largely consistent with previous studies. Vanadium and Mo are released from Fe oxihydroxides and subsequently recycled through diffusion across the benthic boundary or trapped through formation of authigenic V phases and sequestration of Mo by authigenic pyrite. Some U is delivered through diffusion across the benthic boundary, reduction and precipitation of UO2 and incorporation into phosphorites. The utmost part of the buried U, however, is delivered in particulate form, most likely as bioauthigenic U which cannot be recycled in the suboxic waters overlying the anoxic sediments. In contrast to sediments in the core of the OMZ, sediments on the shelf experience frequent oxygenation episodes related to the passage of internal waves and the regular recurrence of El Niño events. These oxygenation episodes lead to the re-oxidation and remobilization of authigenic U and V. In contrast to that, the authigenic accumulation of Mo is favored by the occasional occurrence of slightly oxidizing conditions. This is most likely due to enhanced formation of sulfur intermediates necessary for pyrite formation and the increased stability of pyrite, the major Mo sink, under oxidizing conditions, compared to authigenic V and U phases. Redox oscillations in the Peruvian OMZ thus lead to a discrimination of U against Mo, a mechanism that should be considered in the interpretation of U/Mo systematics in paleo redox studies. Overall our results provide valuable constraints on how trace metal inventories of marginal sediments may respond to expanding shelf anoxia and to short term perturbations of sediment redox conditions.
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  • 6
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    Crustal structure from teleseismic P-wave receiver function analysis in the Maule Region, Central Chile (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-28
    Description: EGU2011-12780 A temporary passive seismic network of 31 broad-band stations was deployed in the region around Talca and Constitución between 35°S to 36°S latitude and 71°W to 72.5°W longitude. The network was operated between March and October 2008. Thus, we recorded data prior the magnitude Mw=8.8 earthquake of 27 February 2010 at a latitude of the major slip and surface uplift. The experiment was conducted to address fundamental questions on deformation processes, crustal and mantle structures, and fluid flow. We present results of a teleseismic P receiver function study that covers the coastal region and reaches to the Andes. The aim is to determine the structure and thickness of the continental crust and constrain the state of hydration of the mantle wedge. The P-wave receiver function technique requires large teleseismic earthquakes from different distances and backazimuths. A few percent of the incident P-wave energy from a teleseismic event will be converted into S-wave (Ps) at significant and relatively sharp discontinuities beneath the station. A small converted S phase is produced that arrives at the station within the P wave coda directly after the direct P-wave. The converted Ps phase and their crustal multiples contain information about crustal properties, such as Moho depth and the crustal vp/vs ratio. We use teleseismic events with magnitudes mb 〉 5.5 at epicentral distances between 30° and 95° to examine P-to-S converted seismic phases. Our preliminary results provide new information about the thickness of the continental crust beneath the coastal region in Central Chile. At most of the stations we observed significant energy from P to S converted waves between 4 and 5 s after the direct P-wave within a positive phase interpreted as the Moho, occurring at 35 to 40 km. The great Maule earthquake of 27 February 2010 nucleated up-dip of the continental Moho. The rupture of this earthquake seems to have propagated down-dip of the Moho. The Moho reflection show a positive polarity, indicating that the mantle is either dry or only moderately hydrated. We observed converted energy from an intracrustal boundary at around 2 s that disappears near the coast. Further, positive polarity peaks occur that are possibly caused by the down going plate.
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  • 7
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    Oceanic heat advection to the Arctic in the last Millennium (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 8738 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: EGU2011-8738 At present, the Arctic is responding faster to global warming than most other areas on earth, as indicated by rising air temperatures, melting glaciers and ice sheets and a decline of the sea ice cover. As part of the meridional overturning circulation which connects all ocean basins and influences global climate, northward flowing Atlantic Water is the major means of heat and salt advection towards the Arctic where it strongly affects the sea ice distribution. Records of its natural variability are critical for the understanding of feedback mechanisms and the future of the Arctic climate system, but continuous historical records reach back only ca. 150 years. To reconstruct the history of temperature variations in the Fram Strait Branch of the Atlantic Current we analyzed a marine sediment core from the western Svalbard margin. In multidecadal resolution the Atlantic Water temperature record derived from planktic foraminifer associations and Mg/Ca measurements shows variations corresponding to the well-known climatic periods of the last millennium (Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age, Modern/Industrial Period). We find that prior to the beginning of atmospheric CO2 rise at ca. 1850 A.D. average summer temperatures in the uppermost Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean were in the range of 3-4.5°C. Within the 20th century, however, temperatures rose by ca. 2°C and eventually reached the modern level of ca. 6°C. Such values are unprecedented in the 1000 years before and are presumably linked to the Arctic Amplification of global warming. Taking into account the ongoing rise of global temperatures, further warming of inflowing Atlantic Water is expected to have a profound influence on sea ice and air temperatures in the Arctic.
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  • 8
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    Sedimentary processes in Lake Van: first results from a joint interpretation of seismic and drilling data (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-1847-3 Lake Van is a lake by volume of 607 km3 and a maximum depth of 450 meters in a tectonically active zone in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In summer 2010, Lake Van was the target of a deep drilling campaign (PaleoVan) in the frame of ICDP (International Continental Scientific Drilling Program). Two sites were drilled based on reflection seismic data collected during a seismic campaign in 2004. Here we present a first joint interpretation of the seismic and drilling data. Interpretation of seismic reflection data from lake reveals three physiographic provinces: a lacustrine shelf, a lacustrine slope, and a deep, relatively flat lake basin. The most prominent features of the lacustrine shelf and slope are prograding deltaic sequences, numerous unconformities, submerged channels, as well as closely spaced U- and/or V-shaped depressions, reflecting the variable lake level history of Lake Van. The seismic units of the shelf are dominantly composed of low-to-good continuity, variable amplitude reflections interpreted as fluvial deposits. The lake consists of three prominent basins (Tatvan, Deveboynu, and Northern Basins), separated by basement highs or ridges (Ahlat Ridge). The seismic units corresponding to these basins mainly consist of low to very high amplitude, well-stratified reflection patterns. Chaotic reflections are seen in parts of these basins. The Deveboynu Basin consists mainly of chaotic reflections. The Tatvan and Northern Basins are characterized by an alternating succession of well-stratified and chaotic reflecting layers. The chaotic seismic facies are interpreted as slump and slide deposits, which are probably the result of quick lake level fluctuations and/or earthquakes. The moderateto high amplitude, well-stratified facies seen in the deep parts of the basins away from the terrigenous sediment sources are interpreted as lacustrine deposits and tephra layers. The total sediment thickness in the deep parts of the lake is over 400 m. Prominent clinoforms indicate the initial flooding of Lake Van about 500 ka ago. The acoustic basement and the sediments lying on top of the basement in the southern part of the lake are disrupted by various intrusions and extrusions suggesting active volcanism. Synthetic seismograms calculated based on core logging, wire-line logging and check shot data will allow the correlation between seismic and drill data. This approach will allow extrapolating the stratigraphy from the wells to 3D-space by using the seismic data.
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  • 9
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    The Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) Initiative : integrating priorities for Arctic marine science over the next decade (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 4235 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-23
    Description: EGU2011-4235 The Arctic is undergoing rapid environmental and economic transformations. Recent climate warming, which is simplifying access to oil and gas resources, enabling trans Arctic shipping, and shifting the distribution of harvestable resources, has brought the Arctic Ocean to the top of national and international political agendas. Scientific knowledge of the present status of the Arctic Ocean and the process-based understanding of the mechanics of change are urgently needed to make useful predictions of future conditions throughout the Arctic region. These are required to plan for the consequences of climate change. A step towards improving our capacity to predict future Arctic change was undertaken with the Second International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II) meetings in 2005 and 2006, which brought together scientists, policymakers, research managers, Arctic residents, and other stakeholders interested in the future of the Arctic region. The Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) Initiative developed out of the synthesis of the several resulting ICARP II science plans specific to the marine environment. This process started in October 2008 and has been driven by early career scientists. The ART Initiative is an integrative, international, multi-disciplinary, long-term pan-Arctic network to study changes and feedbacks with respect to physical characteristics and biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean in a state of rapid transition and its impact on the biological production. The first ART workshop was held in Fairbanks, Alaska, in November 2009 with 58 participants from 9 countries. Workshop discussions and reports were used to develop a science plan that integrates, updates, and develops priorities for Arctic Marine Science over the next decade. The science plan was accepted and approved by the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Marine Group, the former Arctic Ocean Science Board. The second ART workshop was held in Winnipeg, Canada, in October 2010 with 20 participants from 7 countries to develop the implementation plan. Our focus within the ART Initiative will be to bridge gaps in knowledge not only across disciplinary boundaries (e.g., biology, geochemistry, geology, meteorology, physical oceanography), but also across geographic (e.g., international boundaries, shelves, margins, and the central Arctic Ocean) and temporal boundaries (e.g., alaeo/geologic records, current process observations, and future modeling studies). This approach of the ART Initiative will provide a means to better understand and predict change, particularly the consequences for biological productivity, and ultimate responses in the Arctic Ocean system. More information about the ART Initiative can be found at http://aosb.arcticportal.org/art.html.
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  • 10
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    Oceanic Core Complex die off and generation of enhanced mantle upwelling on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - 22° N (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-13199 Images of crustal construction provide a key to understand the interplay of magmatism and tectonism while oceanic crust is build up. Bathymetric data show that the crustal construction is highly variable. Areas that are dominated by magmatic processes are adjacent to areas that are highly tectonised and where mantle rocks were found. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 22°N shows this high variability along the ridge axis, within the TAMMAR segment, and from segment to segment. However, this strong variability occurs also off-axis, spreading parallel, representing different times in the same area of the ridge. A fracture zone, with limited magma supply, has been replaced by a segment centre with a high magmatic budget. Roughly 4.5 million years ago, the growing magmatic active TAMMAR segment, propagated into the fracture zone, started the migration of the ridge offset to the south, and stopped the formation of core complexes. We present data from seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection profiles that surveyed the crustal structure across the ridge crest of the TAMMAR segment. These yield the crustal structure at the segment centre as a function of melt supply. The results suggest that crust is ~8 km thick near the ridge and decreases in thickness with offset to the ridge axis. Seismic layer 3 shows profound changes in thickness and becomes rapidly one kilometre thicker approx. 5 million years ago. This correlates with gravimetric data and the observed “Bull’s eye” anomaly in that region. Our observations support a temporal change from thick lithosphere with oceanic core complex formation to thin lithosphere with focussed mantle upwelling and segment growing. The formation of ‘thick-crust’ volcanic centre seems to have coincided with the onset of propagation 4.5 million years ago.
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  • 11
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    Silicon isotopes as a tracer for silicate utilization in the Peruvian upwelling (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 6081 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-6081 Natural stable isotopes are a powerful tool in marine sciences to investigate biological processes, such as present and past nutrient utilization. In this study we present the first dissolved silicon isotope data in the upwelling area off Peru, where one of the world’s largest Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ) is located. Silicon is the most important component required for phytoplankton (diatom) growth, which dominates primary productivity in this region. Stable Si isotopes are fractionated during diatom growth in that the lighter Si isotopes are preferentially incorporated into diatoms with a fractionation factor of -1.1 promille. The Si isotope composition of dissolved silicic acid of the corresponding surface waters is therefore left isotopically heavier. The Si isotope composition, 30Si/28Si, is expressed as δ30Si values, which stand forh deviations from a given standard (NBS28). Investigation of the dissolved seawater Si isotope composition thus provides a measure for the utilization and, combined with information on the Si isotope composition of the water masses upwelling off Peru, it is a measure for the supply pathways of Si to the coastal upwelling centres. Surface waters on the shelf off Peru are mainly fed by the Equatorial Undercurrent, which mainly consists of waters originating from the western and Central Pacific and which has a characteristic δ30Si of +1.5 promille. In areas and during phases of intense upwelling the fractionation of Si isotopes was observed to be weaker due to upwelling-driven supply of less fractionated Si (δ30Si = 1.7 promille, from water depths of around 100-150 m, whereas under weak upwelling conditions fractionation is higher (δ30Si ~3 promille due to a more complete utilization of the available dissolved silicate. The distribution of dissolved δ30Si correlates strongly with particulate biogenic silicate (opal) concentrations in that highest opal concentrations in the surface waters show the lowest δ30Si values thus strongest upwelling intensity. The most extreme δ30Si values in surface waters (δ30Si = 4.5 promille are observed offshore where silicic acid concentrations are nearly zero. Furthermore we compare the δ30Si data with the dissolved nitrogen isotope distribution, which in addition to nitrate utilization is mainly influenced by denitrification and annamox processes in the OMZ. Combined silicon and nitrogen isotope compositions can thus help to disentangle different fractionation processes within the nitrogen cycle.
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  • 12
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    Holocene episodes of warm conditions in the eastern Fram Strait - a multiproxy perspective on the variability of Atlantic Water inflow (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 2455 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-2455 The current interglacial has gone through a variety of warmer and colder periods. Consistent with the decreasing solar insolation during the Holocene, warmest conditions have occurred particularly within its earliest phase. We studied high-resolution sediment sequences from the Western Svalbard margin covering the last ca 10,000 years in order to reconstruct the variations of Atlantic Water advection to the Arctic, the sea ice extent, and the structure of the water column on the Westspitsbergen continental margin. The Fram Strait, often referred to as the Arctic Gateway, is the only deep-water passage for Atlantic-derived water masses to enter the Arctic Ocean. Northward advection of relatively warm and saline Atlantic Water masses keeps the eastern part of the Fram Strait ice-free all year. It therefore plays a crucial role for the heat budget of the Arctic. A multiproxy data set including geochemical, micropaleontological, and sedimentological parameters was established with centennial to multidecadal time resolution. Records of foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, planktic foraminifer assemblages, and the amount of ice rafted debris clearly reveal distinct variations between climatically warmer and colder intervals throughout this period. Planktic foraminifer assemblages reveal warmest conditions for the early Holocene period (ca 10-8 ka). A second warming pulse is detected between 5 and 6 ka. In the second half of the Holocene, increased IRD contents are indicative of a significant cooling trend. Despite of the decreasing solar insolation planktic foraminiferal assemblages suggest a return of slightly strengthened Atlantic Water advection around 3 to 2 ka and a strong warming event in the present, anthropogenically influenced period.
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  • 13
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    Plio-Pleistocene changes in water mass exchange and erosional inputs in the Fram Strait (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 3514 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: We determined the isotopic composition of neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) of past seawater to reconstruct water mass exchange and erosional input between the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Seas over the past 5 Ma. For this purpose, sediments of ODP site 911 (leg 151) located at 900 m water depth on the Yermak Plateau in the Fram Strait were used. The paleo-seawater variability of Nd and Pb isotopes was extracted from the sea water-derived metal oxide coatings on the sediment particles following the leaching method of Gutjahr et al. (2007). All radiogenic isotope data were acquired by Multi-Collector (MC) ICP-MS. The site 911 stratigraphy of Knies et al. (2009) was applied. Surface sediment Sr and Nd isotope data, as well as downcore Sr isotope data obtained on the same leaches are close to seawater and confirm the seawater origin of the Nd and Pb isotope signatures. The deep water Nd isotope time series extracted from site 911 was in general more radiogenic ("Nd = -7.5 to -10) than present day deep water ("Nd = -9.8 to -11.8) in the area of the Fram Strait (Andersson et al., 2008) and does not show a systematic trend with time. In contrast, the radiogenic isotope composition of Pb evolved from 206Pb/204Pb ratios around 18.7 to more radiogenic values around 19.2 between 2 Ma and today. The data indicate that mixing of water masses from the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Seas has controlled the Nd isotope signatures of deep waters on the Yermak Plateau over the past 5 Ma. Prior to 1.7 Ma the Nd isotope signatures on the Yermak Plateau were less radiogenic than waters from the same depth in the central Arctic Ocean (Haley et al., 2008) pointing to a greater influence from the Norwegian-Greenland Seas. After 1.7 Ma the central Arctic and Yermak Plateau data have varied around similar values indicating water mass mixing overall similar to today. In contrast, the Pb isotope composition of deep waters in the Fram Strait appears to have been dominated by weathering inputs from glacially weathering old continental landmasses, such as Greenland or parts of Svalbard since 2 Ma. A similar control over the Pb isotope evolution of seawater since the onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation was recorded by ferromanganese crusts that grew from North Atlantic DeepWater in the western North Atlantic. References: Gutjahr, M., Frank, M., Stirling, C.H., Klemm, V., van de Flierdt, T. and Halliday, A.N. (2007): Reliable extraction of a deepwater trace metal isotope signal from Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide coatings of marine sediments.- Chemical Geology 242, 351-370 Haley B. A., M. Frank, R.F. Spielhagen and A. Eisenhauer (2008): Influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean circulation over the past 15 million years. Nature Geoscience 1, 68–72 Andersson, P.S., Porcelli, D., Frank, M., Björk, G., Dahlqvist, R. and Gustafsson, Ö. (2008): Neodymium isotopes in seawater from the Barents Sea and Fram Strait Arctic- Atlantic gateways.- Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 2854-2867 Knies, J., J. Matthiessen, C. Vogt, J.S. Laberg, B.O. Hjelstuen, M.Smelror, E. Larsen, K. Andreassen, T. Eidvin and T.O. Vorren (2009): The Plio-Pleistocene glaciation of the Barents Sea–Svalbard region: a new model based on revised chronostratigraphy - Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 9-10, 812-829
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  • 14
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    Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Woodlark Basin (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: EGU2011-12864 The Woodlark Basin east of Papua New Guinea represents one of the few places on Earth where a spreading axis propagates into continental crust. This special tectonic setting allows insights into the evolution of magma composition as continental extension and break-up changes to the formation of ocean crust. We report here geochemical results on samples collected in 2009 from the four segments closest to the continental breakup, from segment 1 which abuts the detachment fault responsible for continental extension on Moresby Seamount in the West, to segment 4, representing mature oceanic crust in the East. A total of 208 glass samples have been analyzed for their major (EMPA) and trace element (LA-ICPMS) compositions. The data show strong E-W variations. Samples ranging from tholeiitic basalt and basaltic andesite to andesite and rhyolite are found on Segment 1. They have generally high alkali values and a wide range of trace element contents and ratios. Segments 2 to 4 magmas in contrast only comprise tholeiitic basalt with lower alkali contents and a more restricted range of trace element chemistry. The geochemical differences between the segments cannot be attributed to differentiation processes alone, and different sources are required. High Ba/La, (La/Sm)N, Rb/Sr, and Th/La on Segment 1 suggest a derivation from an enriched mantle source, while low Nd/Pb and Nb/U suggest that some of the enrichment may also reflect the influence of continental crust during magma genesis. Whether this continental signature is present in the form of recycled material in the mantle or as rafted continental blocks in the axial region is at present unclear. In contrast to rocks from segment 1, trace element compositions of volcanic glasses from segments 2 to 4 show a stronger MORB signature, presumably reflecting more mature spreading in this part of the basin. The influence of continental material appears to be minimal, suggesting that uncontaminated asthenosphere quickly flows into the rift and/or that continental blocks are not retained in the axial region for long time periods following the rifting-spreading transition.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Different styles of deformation of the fore-arc wedge along the Chilean convergent margin (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 890 ; VAE 130 ; VBE 000 ; TOE 000 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 500 ; Ozeanische Kruste {Tektonik} ; Geomechanik ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Physikalisches Verhalten der Erde {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 118 S.
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  • 16
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    Neogene seismotectonics of the south-central Chile margin (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 500 ; VAE 500 ; TOH 800 ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Chile {Geologie} ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Paläoerdbeben {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 108 S.
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  • 17
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    Seismic structure of the Arava Fault, Dead Sea Transform (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ein transversales Störungssystem im Nahen Osten, die Dead Sea Transform (DST), trennt die Arabische Platte von der Sinai-Mikroplatte und erstreckt sich von Süden nach Norden vom Extensionsgebiet im Roten Meer über das Tote Meer bis zur Taurus-Zagros Kollisionszone. Die sinistrale DST bildete sich im Miozän vor etwa 17 Ma und steht mit dem Aufbrechen des Afro-Arabischen Kontinents in Verbindung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Arava Tal zwischen Totem und Rotem Meer, mittig über der Arava Störung (Arava Fault, AF), die hier den Hauptast der DST bildet. Eine Reihe seismischer Experimente, aufgebaut aus künstlichen Quellen, linearen Profilen über die Störung und entsprechend entworfenen Empfänger-Arrays, zeigt die Untergrundstruktur in der Umgebung der AF und der Verwerfungszone selbst bis in eine Tiefe von 3-4 km. Ein tomographisch bestimmtes Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten von P-Wellen zeigt einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF mit niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten auf der westlichen Seite als im Osten. Scherwellen lokaler Erdbeben liefern ein mittleres P-zu-S Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis und es gibt Anzeichen für Änderungen über die Störung hinweg ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 850 ; TQC 220 ; TSI 000 ; VEI 400 ; Festländische Lineamente {Geologie} ; Reflexionsseismik {Geophysik} ; Vorderasien {Geophysik} ; Israel, Palästina {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 142 S.
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  • 18
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    Das CHAMP-Radiookkultationsexperiment (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 145 S.
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  • 19
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    Untersuchung des thermo-hydraulischen Feldes und der Wärmeflussdichte in der Nähe eines aktiven Mantelplumes (Insel Hawaii) mit Hilfe von Bohrlochtemperaturmessungen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQG 000 ; TOO 000 ; TOD 410 ; TSV 200 ; TSZ 300 ; Geophysikalische Bohrlochmessungen ; Geothermik {Geophysik} ; Oberer Erdmantel {Geophysik} ; USA {Geophysik} ; Pazifischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 94 S.
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  • 20
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    Regional geoid determination (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TQH 000 ; TQA 000 ; TOF 000 ; Aerogeophysik ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 48 S.
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  • 21
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    Die Leitfähigkeitsstruktur der Zentralen Anden bei 21°S (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 116 S.
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  • 22
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    Frontale Akkretion und Verformungsaufteilung eines gebogenen Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtels (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 811 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 300 ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Bolivien und Paraguay {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 128 S.
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  • 23
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    Advanced algorithms of inversion of GPS radio limb sounding data (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 106 S.
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  • 24
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    Kombination regionaler magnetischer Vermessungen Europas zwischen 1955 und 1995 (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 538.78 ; 551 ; 550
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 102 S.
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  • 25
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    Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Abbildung krustaler Leitfähigkeitsstrukturen anhand von Magnetotellurikdaten aus Namibia (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQD 000 ; TSR 000 ; VAE 814 ; VER 200 ; Elektrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Südafrika {Geophysik} ; Präkambrische Orogene {Geologie} ; Namibia {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 133 S.
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  • 26
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    About the influence of a possible relative rotation of the earth's inner core on the polar motion, the geomagnetic field and the gravity field (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; TOD 500 ; TOF 000 ; TOT 400 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde} ; Erdkern {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Magnetfeld der Erde im allgemeinen {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 15 S.
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  • 27
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    Lecture and exercise notes (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: lecture
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 675 S.
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  • 28
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    Seasonal oscillations in length-of-day (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 100 ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 8 S.
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  • 29
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    Polar motion at seasonal frequencies (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 9 S.
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  • 30
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    Radioholographic analysis of radioocculation data (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 39 S.
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  • 31
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    On the contribution of the Geodetic Institute Potsdam to the International Latitude Service (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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  • 32
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    Evaluierung geowissenschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Bedingungen für die Nutzung hydrogeothermaler Ressourcen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; ZHB 380 ; Geothermalfelder ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 70 S.
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  • 33
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    Erschließung sedimentärer Speichergesteine für eine geothermische Stromerzeugung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; Geothermalfelder
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 175 S.
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  • 34
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    Microfacies and isotope analyses of the varved Piànico lake sediment profile for high-resolution reconstruction of interglacial climate dynamics (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.792 ; 551 ; VAU 000 ; TWC 500 ; VKB 380 ; VKB 378 ; VBO 000 ; VEB 167 ; Paläolimnologie {Geologie} ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen ; Rhytmite {Sedimentologie} ; Isotopengeologie ; Westalpen {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 91 S.
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  • 35
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    Glacial isostatic adjustment and sea level change near Berkner Island, Antarctica (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The glacial-isostatic adjustment in Iceland resulting from the recent melting of the Vatnajökull ice cap is controlled by the viscosity distribution in the earth's interior and by the details of the melting history. Interpretations of the results of GPS and gravity measuring campaigns in the time interval 1991-2000 and 1992-1999, respectively, by means of laterally homogeneous earth models for the determination of the lithosphere thickness, the asthenosphere thickness and the asthenosphere viscosity have so far been not fully satisfactory. In particular near the ice margin, the fitting of the computed land uplift and gravity change to the observational data was inadequate, which may be related to the neglegt of the Iceland plume in the laterally homogeneous earth models. In the present study, a program package is used for the modelling of the land uplift and gravity change that allows the computation of load-induced perturbations of a Maxwell-viscoelastic, incompressible, self-gravitating, spherical earth model. To simulate the presence of the plume below the Vatnajökull, an axisymmetric viscosity distribution is used, where the plume radius and the plume viscosity are free parameters. Based on seismic results, a 6-km-thick lithosphere is assumed above the plume, which thickens to 35 km in the peripheral region of the plume. The melting history of the Vatnajökull is founded on interpretations of geomorphological and climatological investigations and is simulated by a load co-axial with the plume with parabolic profile and time-dependent radius. The results of the modelling favour a plume radius of ~80 km and a plume viscosity of (0.3-1.0) x 10^{18} Pa s.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 20 S.
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  • 36
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    GPS data processing at GFZ for monitoring the vertical motion of global tide gauge benchmarks (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 300 ; TQI 000 ; UNH 100 ; Epirogenese {{Geologie}} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; GPS {Praktische Geodäsie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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  • 37
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    Theory of elastic waves (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 228 S.
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  • 38
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    On the relation of stress and deformation fields to natural and induced seismicity (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOH 530 ; VAE 200 ; VAE 130 ; Häufigkeit und Verbreitung von Erdbeben {Geophysik} ; Geodynamik der Lithosphäre {Geologie} ; Geomechanik
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 39
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    Sedimentologie, Faziesarchitektur und Faziesentwicklung des kontinentalen Rotliegenden im Nordostdeutschen Becken (NEDB) (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VDG 810 ; VKB 340 ; VEB 110 ; Unter-Perm ; Fazieskunde ; Norddeutsche Senke {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 40
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    Geothermische Technologieentwicklung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; ZHB 380 ; VRG 000 ; TOO 000 ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik} ; Geothermalfelder ; Geothermik {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 110 S.
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  • 41
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    Der Wärmetransport in kristallinen Gesteinen unter den Bedingungen der kontinentalen Kruste (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
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  • 42
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    Zur Bestimmung des cm-Geoids und dessen zeitlicher Variationen mit GRACE (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOF 000 ; TQA 000 ; TQI 000 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 141 S.
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  • 43
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    Geothermisches Heizwerk Neustadt-Glewe (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; ZHB 380 ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik}
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 206 S.
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  • 44
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    Analyse der Mechanik des Makran Akkretionskeils mit Hilfe der Finiten und der Diskreten Elemente Methode sowie analoger Sandexperimente (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 130 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 120 ; VEI 700 ; Geomechanik ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Iran {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 159 S.
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  • 45
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    Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Hill-Gleichungen für die Schwerefeldbestimmung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 521.1 ; 550 ; TOF 000 ; TQA 000 ; TJ 900 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Einzelne Weltraumprojekte
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 46
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    Geowissenschaftliche Bewertungsgrundlagen zur Nutzung hydrogeothermaler Ressourcen in Norddeutschland (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; TOO 000 ; Geothermalfelder ; Geothermik {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 150 S.
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  • 47
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    Hydrogeothermale Anlagen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 72 S.
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  • 48
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    Angebotspotential der Erdwärme sowie rechtliche und wirtschaftliche Aspekte der Nutzung hydrothermaler Ressourcen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; VBV 000 ; Geothermalfelder ; Nationales und internationales Recht in der Geologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 95 S.
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  • 49
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    In-situ Geothermielabor Groß Schönebeck 2000/2001 (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOO 000 ; VBL 500 ; TQG 000 ; VEB 213 ; Geothermik {Geophysik} ; Geologische Bohrungen in einzelnen Regionen ; Geophysikalische Bohrlochmessungen ; Brandenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt & Mecklenburg-Vorpommern {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 190 S.
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  • 50
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    3-D-Lokalbebentomographie der südlichen Anden zwischen 36° und 40° S (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die südlichen Anden sind Teil des aktiven Kontinentalrandes von Südamerika, der durch eine Kombination subduktionsgebundener Prozesse gebildet wurde. Die andine Gebirgskette erstreckt sich über den gesamten südamerikanischen Kontinent, variiert jedoch merklich in Höhe und Krustenmächtigkeit. Während die Zentralen Anden, vor allem auch die tieferen Strukturen bis in den oberen Mantel, vergleichsweise gut erforscht sind (SFB267), ist über den geophysikalischen Aufbau der südlichen Anden bisher relativ wenig bekannt. Aus diesem Grund wurde das seismische Experiment ISSA2000 in den südlichen Anden durchgeführt. In dieser Arbeit wurde mithilfe der Methode der lokalen Erdbebentomographie ein 3-D Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeitstruktur erstellt. Die gleichzeitig durchgeführte Lokalisierung der registrierten Erdbeben, ergibt darüberhinaus ein detailliertes Bild der Verteilung der Seismizität im Untersuchungsgebiet. Im Rahmen des ISSA2000-Experimentes wurde ein seismologisches Netzwerk mit 62 Seismographen betrieben, das die Subduktionszone von der Küste bis in den backarc zwischen 36ʿ und 40ʿS überdeckt. Die Hypozentren der 440 lokalen Erdbeben zeigen eine ~30ʿ geneigte Wadati-Benioff-Zone mit kontinuierlicher Seismizität bis in 120km Tiefe, die vereinzelt bis in 200km Tiefe zu beobachten ist. Sowohl die generell geringe Seismizität im Untersuchungsgebiet als auch die geringe Tiefenerstreckung der Wadati-Benioff-Zone u.a. im Vergleich zu den Zentralen Anden sowie die Konzentration der mitteltiefen Erdbeben in 60km Tiefe, spiegeln wahrscheinlich den Einfluß des jungen Alters und des damit verbundenen hohen thermischen Zustandes der Nazca-Platte auf das Subduktionsregime wider. Das tomographische Vp Modell zeigt zum ersten Mal die Geschwindigkeitsstruktur der südlichen Anden bis in eine Tiefe von 100km. Die Nazca-Platte ist durch die Lage der Erdbeben definiert und durch hohe Vp Geschwindigkeiten gekennzeichnet (7,2-8,3km/s). Die durchschnittlichen Geschwindigkeiten in der kontinentalen Kruste sind im gesamten Vp Modell relativ hoch (5,5-6,5km/s) ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 137 S.
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    Modelling and interpretation of global lithospheric magnetic anomalies (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: After a gap of nearly two decades since the Magsat mission in 1980, the dedicated low-orbit potential field mission CHAMP is now in the third of its seven year mission. Already, the new magnetic total intensity and vector data have yielded maps of the global crustal field of unprecedented accuracy and resolution. Here, we assess the value of these maps to infer deep crustal structure of regions overlain by younger cover. A GIS based modelling technique has been developed to model the various geological units of the continents starting from the geological map of the world. Depending upon the known rock types of the region, they are assigned a standard susceptibility value and using the global seismic crustal structure, a vertically integrated susceptibility (VIS) model is computed at each point of the region. Starting with this initial VIS model, the vertical field anomaly is computed at a satellite altitude of 400 km and compared with the corresponding CHAMP vertical field anomaly map. The first comparison is carried out against a model using the lateral extent of a cratonic region as given by published tectonic maps. In the subsequent modelling step, depending upon the extent of the observed anomaly pattern of that region, the surface geology is extended beneath the sediments until the recomputed map fits the observed magnetic anomaly map. Here, we focus on modelling results for the selected few provinces of the world where the initial model does not agree with the observed anomaly map. Similar modelling of CHAMP satellite magnetic anomalies can constrain the subsurface structure hidden by Phanerozoic cover in many parts of the world.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOD 200 ; TOT 330 ; TOT 100 ; TQI 000 ; TQB 000 ; Erdkruste {Geophysik} ; Anomalien {Geophysik: Erdmagnetismus} ; Methodik {Geophysik: Erdmagnetismus} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; Erdmagnetische Verfahren {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 137 S.
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  • 52
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    Entwicklung eines optisch-gepumpten Skalar-Magnetometers mit hoher Langzeitkonstanz am GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 39 S.
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  • 53
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    Seasonal variations in length of day and atmospheric-angular-momentum (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 30 S.
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  • 54
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    Retrieval of earthquake source parameters in inhomogeneous anisotropic media with application to swarm events in West Bohemia in 2000 (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 190 S.
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  • 55
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    Teleseismic tomographic images of the Central Andes at 21°S and 25.5°S (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VEX 100 ; VAE 811 ; TSX 100 ; TQC 200 ; Anden {Geologie} ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Anden {Geophysik} ; Prospektionsseismik {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 139 S.
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  • 56
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    Fracture toughness determination and micromechanics of rock under Mode I and Mode II loading (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VAE 140 ; VBP 500 ; VBP 200 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Bodenmechanik, Erdbaumechanik, Baugrunddynamik ; Ingenieurgeologische Bewertung von Gesteinen als Baugrund und Baustoff
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 95,S.
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  • 57
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    Reproduzierbarkeit und Auflösungsvermögen faseroptischer Temperaturmessungen für Bohrlochanwendungen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 54 S.
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  • 58
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    Atmospheric, oceanic and hydrological contributions to seasonal variations in length of day (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TVI 000 ; Jahreszeiten als meteorologische Erscheinung
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 16 S.
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  • 59
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    Interannual variations in length-of-day and atmospheric-angular-momentum with respect to ENSO cycles (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TVI 000 ; TM 600 ; Jahreszeiten als meteorologische Erscheinung ; Grenzgebiete. Beziehungen. Einflüsse. Wirkungen {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 17 S.
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  • 60
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    Seasonal length of day changes and atmospheric angular momentum oscillations in their temporal variability (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 100 ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 43 S.
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  • 61
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    Modellierung der allgemeinen ozeanischen Dynamik zur Korrektur und Interpretation von Satellitendaten (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBJ 000 ; Satellitenbildgeologie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 113 S.
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  • 62
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    Anatomy of an ancient subduction channel in the depth range of its seismogenic coupling zone - insights from field studies in the Swiss Alps and Southern Chile (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBN 500 ; VAE 811 ; VEB 168 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 500 ; TSX 500 ; TSB 168 ; VKB 270 ; VAE 880 ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Schweizer Alpen {Geologie} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Chile {Geologie} ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Schweizer Alpen {Geophysik} ; Produkte mechanischer Deformation {Petrologie} ; Passive und aktive Kontinentalränder {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 179 S.
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  • 63
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    Interpretation glazial-isostatischer Ausgleichsvorgänge im Südosten Islands unter Berücksichtigung des Island-Plumes (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 43 S.
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  • 64
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    Lithospheric and upper mantle structure beneath the western Bohemian Massif obtained from teleseismic P and S receiver functions (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOD 200 ; TOD 410 ; TSB 000 ; VAE 812 ; VEB 130 ; TOH 100 ; Erdkruste {Geophysik} ; Oberer Erdmantel {Geophysik} ; Mitteleuropa {Geophysik} ; Variszisch-herzynische Orogene {Geologie} ; Böhmische Masse {Geologie} ; Seismometrie {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 149 S.
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  • 65
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    A high resolution global gravity field model combining CHAMP and GRACE satellite mission and surface data: EIGEN-CG01C (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 12 S.
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  • 66
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    Deformation, erosion and natural resources in continental collision zones (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 500 ; VBB 000 ; VAJ 400 ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Experimentelle Geologie ; Abtragung durch Erosion {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 141 S.
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  • 67
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    Innovation und Zukunft der Steine- und Erden-Industrie in Mitteleuropa (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VBT 000 ; Wirtschaftsgeologie
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 77 S.
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  • 68
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    Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Vanuatu (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein], Potsdam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOH 530 ; TST 000 ; VET 600 ; Häufigkeit und Verbreitung von Erdbeben {Geophysik} ; Ozeanien {Geophysik} ; Sonstige Inselgruppen {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 69
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    Glaziale Isostasie und rezente Meeresspiegeländerung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOG 000 ; VAE 300 ; Isostasie {Geophysik} ; Epirogenese {{Geologie}}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 221 S.
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  • 70
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    Thermomechanical polythermal ice-sheet model (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 511.8 ; 551 ; TOO 000 ; VAQ 400 ; Geothermik {Geophysik} ; Morphologie, Ausmaß und Dicke, Masse und Energiegleichgewicht {Glaziologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 106 S.
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  • 71
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    Mean annual and seasonal atmospheric tide models based on 3-hourly and 6-hourly ECMWF surface pressure data (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], Potsdam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 511.8 ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Core surface flow models from decadal and subdecadal secular variation of the main geomagnetic field (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The main objective of this thesis is an investigation and description of the secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field between 1980 and 2000. In particular, in the first part of this study the phenomenon of geomagnetic jerks are investigated by means of a deterministic model, which basically gives a description of the secular variation as a parameterization of typical periodicities of the external field. I argue that the conclusion drawn from this approach is not valid for explaining jerks as caused by external events and not valid to describe the global secular variation. In the second part a time--dependent model of the secular variation between 1980 and 2000 is developed. The endpoints of the time interval were chosen, because of the availability of high quality field models from satellite data for these epochs. The Gauss coefficients are expanded in time as function of cubic B--splines. This model is forced to fit field models from high quality vector measurements from MAGSAT in 1980 and OERSTED in 2000. The methodology is new. The model is a valuable extension of the hitherto existing time--dependent description of the secular variation, the GUFM which was valid until 1990. Unlike GUFM the model is based on observatory monthly means, and the knot spacing of the cubic B--Splines tighter than GUFM. Therefore it reveals a short term secular variation on subdecadal time scale, which was not as yet resolved. The model is also valuable to test the frozen flux hypothesis and to link some of the morphology of the radial field at the core--mantle boundary to the geodynamo. The third part of this thesis deals with the inversion of the time--dependent field and secular variation model for different kinds of core surface flow ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOT 500 ; TOD 500 ; Ursprung und säkulare Änderungen des Erdmagnetfeldes {Geophysik} ; Erdkern {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 73
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    Geochemie und Geochronologie des Erongo-Komplexes, Namibia (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Erongo complex is the largest of the Cretaceous igneous complexes in the Damaraland, Southern Etendeka Province, Namibia. Erongo is made up of a series of mainly silicic volcanic and intrusive units, like many of the Damaraland complexes, but it is unique by virtue of its size and well-preserved igneous sequence silicic magmas as well as tholeiitic and alkaline basalts.The goals of this study were to determine the ages and petrogenetic relationships of the silicic and basic units in the Erongo complex, and to contribute to understanding the magmatic evolution of the Damaraland province. As part of this investigation, Os isotope compositions were determined on basic rocks from the complex, and this is the first study of Os isotopes in the Etendeka Province. The Erongo is built up on a sequence of tholeiitic basaltic lavas which are compositionally equivalent to the Southern Etendeka flood basalts (Tafelberg type) and probably represent erosional remnants of these (see below). The felsic volcanic units at Erongo include two types of rhyodacites and one rhyolite. The most voluminous of these is the Ombu rhyodacite, which has a thickness of up to 500 m and makes up most of the topographic expression of the complex. The Ombu rhyodacite rests directly on the basal tholeiites in the southern and eastern part of the complex, but to the north and west, a second rhyodacite occurs below it, the Erongorus rhyodacite ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBN 500 ; VER 300 ; VAC 000 ; VKB 111 ; VKB 124 ; VBO 000 ; VJJ 000 ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Botswana {Geologie} ; Magmatismus {Geologie} ; Granitische Gesteine {Petrologie} ; Basaltische Vulkanite {Petrologie} ; Isotopengeologie ; Spezielle Geochemie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 74
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    MFGsoft (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TM 300 ; Methodik. Arbeitsmittel. Abkürzungsverzeichnisse {Geophysik}
    Language: English
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  • 75
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    Correlations between the geomagnetic field variations, the fluctuations of the earth's rotation and climate change (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 000 ; TOT 500 ; Periodische Bewegungen der Erde {Geophysik} ; Ursprung und säkulare Änderungen des Erdmagnetfeldes {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 41 S.
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  • 76
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    Engineering geological rock mass characterisation of granitic gneisses based on seismic in-situ measurements (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: For deep underground excavations, the prediction of locations of small-scale geotechnical hazardous structures such as faults is nearly impossible when exploration is restricted to surface based methods. Therefore, for many base tunnels, exploration ahead of the advancing tunnel face is an essential component of the excavation plan. This PhD thesis aims at improving the technology for geological interpretations of seismic data, collected in underground excavations. For that purpose GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam carried out a series of seismic measurements along the 2600 m long and up to 1400 m deep Faido access tunnel, an adit to the 57 km long Gotthard base tunnel in Switzerland.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQC 500 ; VBP 400 ; VBP 100 ; Untertageseismik {Geophysik} ; Felsmechanik, Gebirgsmechanik, Gebirgsdruck ; Methodik, Untersuchungsverfahren und Instrumente {Ingenieurgeologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 127 S.
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  • 77
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    Glacial isostatic contributions to present day sea level change around Greenland (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Present-day sea-level change around Greenland is examined by assessing the roleplayed by glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA). We consider the contributions from: (1) the ongoing GIA due to changes in the extent and thickness of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), (2) the equivalent signal associated with the continental ice masses located outside of Greenland, and (3) present-day changes in the GIS. Changes in the GIS arising from the last glacial-interglacial transition generally result in falling sea level today. The contribution from ice-load changes outside of Greenland causes rising sea level, owing to Greenland's location on the collapsing forebulge that surrounds the former North American ice sheets. Combining predictions of these contributions gives results showing rising sea level in the southwest and falling sea level in the north and east. However, this is strongly dependent upon the neoglacial part of the GIS's history. The present-day behaviour of the GIS is predicted to cause falling sea level with rates of several mm yr?1 around areas experiencing the larger ice-load changes. The available tide-gauge data are considered unusable by the standards of many workers. Nevertheless, we compare rates of local sea-level change inferred from this type of data with our predictions. In Southern Greenland, where the tide-gauge stations are located, sea level is predicted to be rising at a rate of 4 to 5 mm yr?1. Our predictions match most of the rates obtained from the tide-gauge time series, with the exception of Qaqortoq where the inferred rates may also reect additional oceanic and meteorological effects. Similarly, our predictions are consistent with GPS observations, with again the exception of Qaqortoq.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOG 000 ; VSY 000 ; Isostasie {Geophysik} ; Polargebiete {Fossile Energieträger}
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    Experimente zur Produktivitätssteigerung in der Geothermie-Forschungsbohrung Groß Schönebeck 3/90 (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der vorliegende Report fasst die wissenschaftlichen und technischen Arbeiten zur Steigerung der Produktivität von Thermalwasser in der Geothermie-Forschungsbohrung Groß Schönebeck 3/90 zusammen, die von 2002 bis 2004 durchgeführt wurden. Das Ziel des Projektes ist die Erschließung von heißen Wässern in tiefen Speichergesteinen, die sich zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom eignen. Dies erfordert die Bereitstellung einer kontinuierlichen Förderung heißer Tiefenwässer mit Temperaturen 〉 150 ʿC und Fließraten 〉 50 mđ/h. In Tiefen mit Mindesttemperaturen um 150 ʿC ist die natürliche Permeabilität (Durchlässigkeit) der Gesteine jedoch nicht ausreichend. Die Gesteine müssen stimuliert werden, d. h. zu vorhandenen Rissen werden zusätzliche künstlich erzeugt, damit das Wasser ungehindert zirkulieren kann. Bereits vorliegende Erkenntnisse zur Erschließung und Charakterisierung der in weiten Regionen des Norddeutschen Sedimentbeckens in Tiefen von etwa 4000 bis 5000 Metern verbreiteten Speichertypen basieren größtenteils auf Erfahrungen der Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie. Für die geothermische Nutzung sind diese jedoch nur eingeschränkt anwendbar, da bei der Erschließung von Kohlenwasserstoffen schon kleine Fließraten genügen. Daher liegt der Schlüssel zum Durchbruch der Geothermie in der Entwicklung effektiver Stimulationstechniken zur gezielten Produktivitätssteigerung geothermischer Reservoire. Die Geothermiebohrung Groß Schönebeck schließt geothermisch relevante Horizonte des Norddeutschen Beckens zwischen 3900 m und 4300 m in einem Temperaturniveau von etwa 150 ʿC auf. Diese Bohrung bietet derzeit die einzigartige Möglichkeit, die geothermische Nutzbarkeit unterschiedlicher Gesteinsformationen des Rotliegenden vertiefend zu untersuchen: die Vulkanite an der Basis und den darüber liegenden Sandstein. Experimente zur Erhöhung der Zuflussrate von heißen Wässern aus Sandsteinformationen durch hydraulische Stimulation konnten bereits erfolgreich durchgeführt werden (siehe Berichte zu den Projekten BEO 0327063 und ZIP 0327063C). Die erzielten Fließraten reichten jedoch für eine wirtschaftliche Elektrizitätserzeugung noch nicht aus ...
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
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  • 79
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    A reanalysis and reinterpretation of geodetic and geological evidence of glacial isostatic adjustment in the Churchill region, Hudson Bay. (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of or against continuing land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. After this, we reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of the newly developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the continuous-wavelet transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. Furthermore, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history during the past 8000 a are included. Finally, the four types of observable are jointly inverted in terms of mantle viscosity. The optimum values are 3×10^20 Pa s and 1.6 × 10^22 Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 80
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    Geostrophic ocean surface velocities from TOPEX Altimetry, and CHAMP and GRACE satellite gravity models (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Recently released global gravity field models generated solely from CHAMP and GRACE satellite observations allow with an unprecedented accuracy and resolution the recovery of the mean sea surface topography from the difference between an altimetry-based mean sea surface height model and the gravity model's derived geoid. Here the CHAMP EIGEN-2 gravity field model, and the first GFZ GRACE gravity model, EIGEN-GRACE01S, are used. The mean sea surface height model has been compiled from four years'; worth of TOPEX altimeter data. To evaluate the accuracy and resolution limits of the CHAMP and GRACE geoids for the envisaged application, a low pass filter in the spatial domain with different cut-off wavelengths has been applied to the geoid and sea surface data before subtraction. The minimum wavelength, where noisy and erroneous features in the recovered sea surface topography are minimised, can be interpreted as an indicator for the best suited common spatial resolution. The EIGEN-2 model's geoid has been tested to have a resolution of 1800 km, which corresponds to a truncation degree of l = 22 in terms of spherical harmonics. Using the EIGEN-GRACE01S model, the resolution could be extended to 1000 km (l = 40). These boundaries can be attributed to the geoid's error, exceeding 2 cm in case of the CHAMP model, and in case of the GRACE model to spurious systematic signals increasing with increasing spherical harmonic degree. The calculated sea surface topography models have been used to derive absolute geostrophic sea surface velocities. An error propagation shows that the requirement of 1 cm/s for geoid induced velocity errors is fulfilled at the given resolutions for all latitudes excluding a narrow equatorial band. Maximum geostrophic velocities are derived in the 1000 km-resolution model for the Kuroshio region with 40 cm/s, and for the Gulf Stream east off Cape Hatteras with 25 cm/s.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TQI 000 ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 22 S.
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  • 81
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    Die Abbildung von Bewegungsbahnen in Deformationszonen der Erde mit elektrischen Methoden (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit werden voneinander unabhängige Experimente zur Untersuchung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit im Untergrund miteinander verknüpft, mit dem Ziel, das Potenzial der Methode Magnetotellurik für das Abbilden aktiver und fossiler tektonischer Systeme aufzuzeigen. Die Magnetotellurik hat sich in den letzten zehn bis fünfzehn Jahren zunehmend zu einem zuverlässigen und aussagekräftigen Tiefensondierungsverfahren entwickelt. Dieser positive Entwicklungsprozess wird auch durch meine Forschungsergebnisse dokumentiert, die in verschiedenen Projekten während meiner Zeit am GeoForschungsZentrum entstanden sind. Eine Übersicht über die verwendeten Arbeiten befindet sich in Tabelle 1.1. Große geophysikalische Feldexperimente, wie die hier beschriebenen Magnetotellurikprojekte, lassen sich nur im Team durchführen. Im akademischen Bereich bedeutet dies die Integration von Studenten und Doktoranden bei den Feldmessungen und der anschließenden Bearbeitung der Daten. Entsprechend gehen einige der in Tabelle 1.1 aufgeführten Arbeiten auf Diplomarbeiten oder Promotionsschriften zurück, die von mir mitbetreut wurden. Bei anschließender Veröffentlichung der Arbeiten habe ich als Co-Autor mitgewirkt. Die beiliegenden Veröffentlichungen enthalten eine Einführung in die Methode der Magnetotellurik und gegebenenfalls die Beschreibung neu entwickelter Methoden. Eine allgemeine Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen der Magnetotellurik findet man z.B. in (Kaufman & Keller, 1981; Nabighian, 1987; Weaver, 1994). Am Ende der Arbeit befindet sich ein Glossar, in dem einige Begriffe und Abkürzungen erklärt werden.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQD 000 ; VAE 120 ; Elektrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 82
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    Quantitative Analysen magmatischer Gesteine mittels reflexionsspektroskopischer Infrarot-Messungen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The objective of this research is the quantification of modal composition of magmatic rocks using infraredspectra and based on spectral analysis of individual minerals. For that purpose a new, model-based spectralunmixing method was developed. This method is based on thermal infrared reflection spectroscopy at a wave-lenght between 8 - 14 æm since silicates and magmatic rocks show their strongest spectral features(Reststrahlen bands) in this range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Rock samples from the precambrian igne-ous complex Mt. Timna in Southern Israel were analyzed. The samples include different granitoid rocks andone ultrabasic rock unit. This research was part of preparatory investigations to develop new approaches ofdata analysis for a new thermal hyperspectral sensor (ARES) which is scheduled for operation in 2005 by GFZand DLR. Before the modal composition of the magmatic rock samples was quantified, extensive spectral analysis wasperformed to identify and study the spectral behavior of silicates within their original rock context. The mostimportant rock-forming minerals were measured for the first time in thin sections using a microscope and bidi-rectional reflection spectroscopy methods in the thermal infrared. For quantitative mineral analysis a methodwas developed that calculates the correlation of automatically extracted spectral features and chemical com-position or solid solution of different minerals and selects the best suited results ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VJA 240 ; VJB 311 ; VKA 110 ; VKB 100 ; VEI 400 ; VGB 700 ; VBE 000 ; Spektroskopische Verfahren {Geochemie} ; Geochemie der Magmatite ; Gesteinsbestimmung ; Petrologie der Magmatite ; Israel, Palästina {Geologie} ; Spektroskopische Methoden {Mineralogie} ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 83
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    Risiken durch Naturgefahren in Deutschland (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; QFC 240 ; VBS 900 ; VEB 210 ; V 200 ; Hazards {Angewandte Geographie} ; Umweltgeologie einzelner Regionen ; Deutschland {Geologie} ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -Pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 339 S.
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  • 84
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    GPS-Atmosphären-Sondierungs-Projekt (GASP) (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Obwohl der Wasserdampf eines der wichtigsten Treibhausgase ist, Energie durch die Atmosphäre transportiert, und das Strahlungsbudget durch Wolkenbildung beeinflusst, ist seine sehr variable zeitliche und räumliche Verteilung bis heute unzureichend erfasst, insbesondere unter Wolken und während Niederschlagsereignissen, wo seine Kenntnis am wichtigsten wäre. Die GPS-Technik bietet sich als wetterunabhängiges Verfahren an, diese Lücke zu schließen. Im Rahmen des Projektes sollte in Deutschland eine Infrastruktur (Empfängernetz, Kommunikation, Auswertesoftware) zur Nutzung der bodengebundenen und satellitengestützten GPS-Technik aufgebaut werden. Insbesondere sollte eine operationelle, flächendeckende Erfassung des atmosphärischen Wasserdampfes in einem dichten, deutschlandweiten Netz von GPS-Bodenstationen demonstriert werden, und der Einfluss dieser neuen Messwerte auf die Wettervorhersage und die Klimaforschung untersucht werden. Im zweiten Projektschwerpunkt sollte die innovative GPS-Radiookkultationstechnik, als Fernerkundungsmethode zur globalen Sondierung der Atmosphäre/Ionosphäre mit vielfältigen Anwendungen in der Wettervorhersage, Klima-, Atmosphären- und Ionosphärenforschung in Deutschland etabliert werden. Hierzu gehört die Installierung einer entsprechenden operationellen Infrastruktur für die Datenanalyse zur Bereitstellung der atmosphärischen Information in Near-Real-Time (Polarempfangsstation, globales unterstützendes GPS-Bodennetz ...
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 52 S.
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  • 85
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    The effect of the geocentric gravitational constant on scale (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOF 000 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 17 S.
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  • 86
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    Zur Theorie der Multipole und ihre Anwendung bei der Schwerefeldberechnung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 87
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    Zeitliche Schwereänderungen und glazio-isostatische Ausgleichsprozesse am Vatnajökull, Südostisland (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der glazio-isostatische Ausgleich in Island als Folge des Abschmelzens der größten europäischen Eiskappe, dem Vatnajökull, verursacht zeitliche Änderungen der Schwere und Landhebung. Nach Auswertung der Schweredaten zeigt sich ein charakteristisches Verhalten. Die Schwereänderungsrate beträgt ca. -4 mikroGal/a am Eisrand (50 km Entfernung vom Eiszentrum)und ca. 1 mikroGal/a in Höfn (75 km Entfernung vom Eiszentrum). In größeren Entfernungen vom Eiszentrum (150 bis 250 km) werden die Raten kleiner als 1 mikroGal/a und nähern sich schließlich Null. Vorwärtsmodellierung liefert eine Lithosphärenmächtigkeit von 10 bis 15 km. Die Asthenosphärenviskosität ist 3 x 1017 bis 1 x 1018 Pa s. Diese Werte bestätigen frühere Resultate aus GPS-, seismischen und theoretischen Untersuchungen. Eine deutlich bessere Anpassung an die Meßdaten ergibt sich für erhöhte Asthenosphäremächtigkeit (165 bis 170km). Vermutlich reflektiert dies die spezielle Lage Islands oberhalb eines Plumes.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 69 S.
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  • 88
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    Die kinematische Entwicklung des invertierten, intrakontinentalen Nordostdeutschen Beckens (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 820 ; TSB 000 ; Sedimentationsbecken als Erdkrustentypen {Geologie} ; Mitteleuropa {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: VI, 101 S.
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  • 89
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    CHICAGO (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This report describes the set-up, logistics and results of the CHICAGO (Chilean Coastal AeroGeophysical Observations) survey. It gives a short overview about the scientific intentions, detailed documentation of all technical aspects starting from the survey equipment via the aircraft installation to the GPS stations set-up and the experiences in flight. All processing results for the individual profiles are discussed in detail. Finally, the data is compared and combined with available recent marine gravity data and altimetry derived solutions.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TQH 000 ; TSX 500 ; Aerogeophysik ; Chile {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 100 S.
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  • 90
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    Parameter variability of the observed polar motions with smaller amplitudes (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 33 S.
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  • 91
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    Das tephrochronologische Referenzprofil des Lago Grande di Monticchio (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 128 ; VAD 600 ; VBN 500 ; VEF 200 ; Pyroklastika {Petrologie} ; Paläovulkanismus {Geologie} ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Italien {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 92
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    Diatomeen als Indikatoren für Umwelt- und Klimaänderungen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The objective of this study was to reconstruct the palaeolimnological history of Lake Holzmaar, Germany in order to infer palaeoclimatological changes and to track anthropogenic activity during the time-span investigated (ca. 6340 - 1470 cal yr BP). Fossil diatom assemblages, geochemical parameters and varve substructure were used as basic tools for further reconstructions. The combined consideration of all proxy gathered information allowed to infer causally determined changes in diatom assemblage composition, annual algae succession and productivity. For example, it was deduced that changes in lake circulation patterns, precipitation rates and/or erosion rates which are ultimately controlled by climate, caused shifts in nutrient ratios and/or concentrations (e.g., silica and phosphorus) and subsequently in fossil algae composition. Major lacustrine changes which occurred ca. 5800, 5100, 4500, 3660 and 2660 cal yr BP correspond to glacier movements or to lake level changes observed at different locations in western Europe which may reflect large-scale Holocene variability over western Europe. In how far decreasing solar activity as it is proposed for the time around 2660 cal yr BP led to major changes within the lake and in the lake's catchment is difficult to disentangle from anthropogenic activity which increased sharply with the beginning of the Iron Age as evidenced by palynology and archaeology. A satisfying discrimination of anthropogenic and climate influence upon the lake is one of the future goals. A further aim is to look for possible periodicities inherent in the varve formation investigated. Answering those questions will help to better understand natural climatic processes and will allow to make suggestions upon future climate variability.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 181 S.
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  • 93
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    Polar motions with a half-Chandler period and less in their temporal variability (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; VBF 000 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde} ; Elektronische Datenverarbeitung in der Geologie
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Active intraplate faulting in the forearc of North Central Chile (30° - 31° S) (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 400 ; VEX 500 ; UNF 000 ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Chile {Geologie} ; Satellitengeodäsie
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 127 S.
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  • 95
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    Airborne navigation and gravimetry ensemble & laboratory (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The LaCoste & Romberg gravity meter S124b and its associated system environment were installed and tested in conjunction with a strap-down gravity meter system (SAGS) of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften in Munich on a Cessna Grand Caravan of the DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen. This report describes the design and instrumentation of the aerogravimetry system, it documents the installation on the aircraft and it discusses some of the results of the test flights performed within AGFA (Airborne Gravity Flight Approach). Beyond the documentation of the system this report gives a short introduction to the basics of the instruments including a short theory of their operation and data processing. The intention is to give readers from disciplines other than aero-gravimetry and aero-altimetry a technical insight into how the system works and what it is capable of. This should help the reader to evaluate the systems usefulness in other geo-scientific projects. The experiences from the test flights are briefly summarized and an update of the current status and future plans for the individual instruments is given. The aerogravimetry system consists of two major instrument blocks: the gravimetry sensing system and the positioning system. The gravimetry sensors are the LaCoste & Romberg S124b and the SAGS-2.2 systems. The navigation block holds GPS receivers, an inertial navigation system and a laser altimeter. The aircraft used for the primary tests was a Cessna Grand Caravan of the DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen. It offers superb conditions for scientific installations and is widely used in geophysical exploration all over the world. The test flights were flown from Oberpfaffenhofen airport. One profile covers the Bavarian Alps to map short wavelength, topography induced gravity disturbances, and another flight crosses the Rhine Graben to map long wavelength structures of the deeper crust. The software for data processing for navigation, gravimetry and geoid calculations is briefly summarized.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TQH 000 ; Aerogeophysik
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 74 S.
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  • 96
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    An earthquake catalogue for central, northern and northwestern Europe based on MW magnitudes (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 143 S.
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  • 97
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    Geochemische Signaturen der Metasedimente des erzgebirgischen Krustenstapels (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 250 ; VJB 312 ; VEB 128 ; Metasedimente {Petrologie} ; Geochemie der Metamorphite ; Saxothuringikum {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 98
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    Regularisierung unter Berücksichtigung von Residuentoleranzen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TM 300 ; VBD 000 ; Methodik. Arbeitsmittel. Abkürzungsverzeichnisse {Geophysik} ; Mathematische und Statistische Geologie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 98 S.
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  • 99
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    Geothermisch angetriebene Dampfkraftprozesse (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; ZHB 380 ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 184 S.
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  • 100
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    Evolution and structure of the Glueckstadt Graben by use of borehole data, seismic lines and 3D structural modelling, NW Germany (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 830 ; VBL 500 ; TQC 220 ; TQG 000 ; VEB 110 ; TSB 110 ; Bruchschollenstrukturen {Geologie} ; Geologische Bohrungen in einzelnen Regionen ; Reflexionsseismik {Geophysik} ; Geophysikalische Bohrlochmessungen ; Norddeutsche Senke {Geologie} ; Norddeutsche Senke {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 144 S.
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