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  • Other Sources  (197)
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  • 1
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    High Pressure Rheology of Hydrate Slurries Formed from Water-in-Mineral Oil Emulsions (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53 (17). pp. 6998-7007.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-03
    Description: Structure I methane hydrates are formed in situ from water-in-mineral oil emulsions in a high pressure rheometer cell. Viscosity is measured as hydrates form, grow, change under flow, and dissociate. Experiments are performed at varying water volume fraction in the original emulsion (0–0.40), temperature (0–6 °C), and initial pressure of methane (750–1500 psig). Hydrate slurries exhibit a sharp increase in viscosity upon hydrate formation, followed by complex behavior dictated by factors including continued hydrate formation, shear alignment, methane depletion/dissolution, aggregate formation, and capillary bridging. Hydrate slurries possess a yield stress and are shear-thinning fluids, which are described by the Cross model. Hydrate slurry viscosity and yield stress increased with increasing water volume fraction. As driving force for hydrate formation decreases (increasing temperature, decreasing pressure), hydrate slurry viscosity increases, suggesting that slower hydrate formation leads to larger and more porous aggregates. In total, addition of water to a methane saturated oil can cause more than a fifty-fold increase in viscosity if hydrates form.
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  • 2
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    Structures of the Dimeric and Monomeric Chromanones, Gonytolides A–C, Isolated from the FungusGonytrichumsp. and Their Promoting Activities of Innate Immune Responses (2011)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Organic Letters, 13 (17). pp. 4624-4627.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-20
    Description: Innate immunity is the front line of self-defense against microbial infection. After searching for natural substances that regulate innate immunity using an ex vivo Drosophila culture system, we identified a novel dimeric chromanone, gonytolide A, as an innate immune promoter from the fungus Gonytrichum sp. along with gonytolides B and C. Gonytolide A also increased TNF-α-stimulated production of IL-8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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  • 3
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    Morphological structures relate to the location and extent of the seismogenic zone - bathymetric studies of the Sunda margin, Indonesia (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-14
    Description: Earthquake history shows that the Sunda subduction zone of the Indonesian margin produces great earthquakes offshore Sumatra, whereas earthquakes of comparable magnitude are lacking offshore Java and the Lesser Sunda islands. Morphological structures from multibeam bathymetric data across the forearc relate with the extent of the seismogenic zone (SZ). Off Java and the Lesser Sunda islands the Indo-Australian plate subducts almost normal underneath the oceanic plate of the Indonesian archipelago. Landward of the trench, the outer wedge of the slope break is ~50 km uniformly wide with uniform bathymetric gradients. The slope of the outer wedge is locally cut by one/two steeper ridges of ~5 km extent. The sharp slope break corresponds to the updip limit of the SZ, which is also associated with the seawardmost part of the outer arc high. Landward of the slope break we find narrow, uniform outer arc ridges. The landward termination of these ridges coincides with the downdip limit of the SZ. The intersection of the shallow upper plate mantle with the subduction thrust fault marks the downdip limit of the SZ beneath the forearc. Off Sumatra the Indo-Australian plate subducts obliquely underneath the continental part of the Indonesian Sunda margin. Landward of the trench, the outer wedge varies, being mostly ~70 km wide, in some areas narrowing to 50 km width. The lower slope bathymetric gradients are steep. The outer wedge slope is made up of several steeper ridges of ~5 km extent. The slope break is only locally sharp, and corresponds to the updip limit of the SZ. The outer arc ridges off Sumatra are, in comparison with the forearc structures off Java and the Lesser Sunda islands, wider and partly elevated above sea level forming the Mentawai forearc islands. The downdip limit of the SZ coincides with the intersection of a deeper upper plate mantle with the subduction thrust fault beneath the forearc. Sunda Strait marks a transition zone between the Sumatra and Java margins. Seafloor morphology enables the identification of the seismogenic zone (SZ) across the entire Sunda margin. The SZ is uniformly wide for the Sumatra margin and narrows off Sunda Strait. Sunda Strait is the transition between the Sumatra margin and the uniformly narrow extent of the SZ of the Java/Lesser Sunda margin. Comparing the Java and Lesser Sunda islands with the Sumatra margin we find the differences along the Sunda margin, especially the wider extent of the SZ off Sumatra, producing larger earthquakes, to result from the combination of various causes: The sediment income on the oceanic incoming plate and the subduction direction; we attribute a major role to the continental/oceanic upper plate nature of Sumatra/Java influencing the composition and deformation style along the forearc and subduction fault. Off Sumatra the SZ is up to more than twice as wide as off Java/Lesser Sunda islands, enlarging the unstable regime off Sumatra and thus the risk of sudden stress release in a great earthquake.
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  • 4
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    Neoglacial cooling culminates in rapid sea ice oscillations in eastern Fram Strait (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 407 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-407 The spatial and temporal distribution of sea ice in the subpolar North Atlantic is mainly controlled by the advection of warm Atlantic Water via the Norwegian and West Spitsbergen Current in eastern Fram Strait. Simultaneously, polar water and sea ice from the Arctic Ocean is transported southward by the East Greenland Current. Hence, variations in the strength of this oceanic circulation regime may either stimulate or reduce the sea ice extent. Based on organic geochemical studies of a high-resolution sediment core from eastern Fram Strait we provide new evidence for the highly variable character of the sea ice conditions in this area. The combination of the sea ice proxy IP25 (Belt et al., 2007) with phytoplankton derived biomarkers (e.g. brassicasterol, dinosterol; Volkman 2006) enables a reliable reconstruction of sea surface and sea ice conditions, respectively (Müller et al., 2009; 2010). By means of these biomarkers, we trace gradually increasing sea ice occurrences from the Mid to the Late Holocene – consistent with the neoglacial cooling trend. Throughout the past ca. 3,000 years (BP) we observe a significant short-term variability in the biomarker records, which points to rapid advances and retreats of the sea ice cover at the continental margin of West Spitsbergen. The co-occurrence of IP25 and phytoplankton markers, however, suggests that the primary productivity benefits from these sea ice surges. As such, higher amounts of open-water phytoplankton biomarkers together with peak abundances of IP25 indicate recurring periods of enhanced ice-edge phytoplankton blooms at the core site. To what extent a seesawing of temperate Atlantic Water may account for these sea ice fluctuations requires further investigation. Concurrent variations in Siberian river discharge (Stein et al., 2004) or Norwegian glacier extents (Nesje et al., 2001), however, strengthen that these fluctuations may be assigned to variations in the North Atlantic/Arctic Oscillation (NAO/AO) and (hence) a weakened/accelerated Atlantic Water input and Arctic sea ice export.
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  • 5
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    Early diagenesis of trace metals (V, Mo, U) in sediments of the Peruvian upwelling area: response to oxygen dynamics in the water column (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: The upwelling area in the eastern equatorial Pacific off Peru is one of the most pronounced oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the modern ocean. Modeling scenarios predict an expansion of the OMZs in the course of global change in the coming decades. As a consequence, the Peruvian continental margin represents a key locality for studies on biogeochemical dynamics in the future ocean. We present pore water and sediment data for redox-sensitive metals (Fe, Mn, V, Mo, and U) that have been collected along a transect across the Peruvian margin at 11°S. The results are used to evaluate the behavior of trace metals in a wide range of biogeochemical and hydrodynamic settings. In the core of the OMZ, where permanently anoxic conditions prevail, redox sensitive metals exhibit diagenetic behaviors largely consistent with previous studies. Vanadium and Mo are released from Fe oxihydroxides and subsequently recycled through diffusion across the benthic boundary or trapped through formation of authigenic V phases and sequestration of Mo by authigenic pyrite. Some U is delivered through diffusion across the benthic boundary, reduction and precipitation of UO2 and incorporation into phosphorites. The utmost part of the buried U, however, is delivered in particulate form, most likely as bioauthigenic U which cannot be recycled in the suboxic waters overlying the anoxic sediments. In contrast to sediments in the core of the OMZ, sediments on the shelf experience frequent oxygenation episodes related to the passage of internal waves and the regular recurrence of El Niño events. These oxygenation episodes lead to the re-oxidation and remobilization of authigenic U and V. In contrast to that, the authigenic accumulation of Mo is favored by the occasional occurrence of slightly oxidizing conditions. This is most likely due to enhanced formation of sulfur intermediates necessary for pyrite formation and the increased stability of pyrite, the major Mo sink, under oxidizing conditions, compared to authigenic V and U phases. Redox oscillations in the Peruvian OMZ thus lead to a discrimination of U against Mo, a mechanism that should be considered in the interpretation of U/Mo systematics in paleo redox studies. Overall our results provide valuable constraints on how trace metal inventories of marginal sediments may respond to expanding shelf anoxia and to short term perturbations of sediment redox conditions.
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  • 6
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    Crustal structure from teleseismic P-wave receiver function analysis in the Maule Region, Central Chile (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-28
    Description: EGU2011-12780 A temporary passive seismic network of 31 broad-band stations was deployed in the region around Talca and Constitución between 35°S to 36°S latitude and 71°W to 72.5°W longitude. The network was operated between March and October 2008. Thus, we recorded data prior the magnitude Mw=8.8 earthquake of 27 February 2010 at a latitude of the major slip and surface uplift. The experiment was conducted to address fundamental questions on deformation processes, crustal and mantle structures, and fluid flow. We present results of a teleseismic P receiver function study that covers the coastal region and reaches to the Andes. The aim is to determine the structure and thickness of the continental crust and constrain the state of hydration of the mantle wedge. The P-wave receiver function technique requires large teleseismic earthquakes from different distances and backazimuths. A few percent of the incident P-wave energy from a teleseismic event will be converted into S-wave (Ps) at significant and relatively sharp discontinuities beneath the station. A small converted S phase is produced that arrives at the station within the P wave coda directly after the direct P-wave. The converted Ps phase and their crustal multiples contain information about crustal properties, such as Moho depth and the crustal vp/vs ratio. We use teleseismic events with magnitudes mb 〉 5.5 at epicentral distances between 30° and 95° to examine P-to-S converted seismic phases. Our preliminary results provide new information about the thickness of the continental crust beneath the coastal region in Central Chile. At most of the stations we observed significant energy from P to S converted waves between 4 and 5 s after the direct P-wave within a positive phase interpreted as the Moho, occurring at 35 to 40 km. The great Maule earthquake of 27 February 2010 nucleated up-dip of the continental Moho. The rupture of this earthquake seems to have propagated down-dip of the Moho. The Moho reflection show a positive polarity, indicating that the mantle is either dry or only moderately hydrated. We observed converted energy from an intracrustal boundary at around 2 s that disappears near the coast. Further, positive polarity peaks occur that are possibly caused by the down going plate.
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  • 7
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    Oceanic heat advection to the Arctic in the last Millennium (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 8738 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: EGU2011-8738 At present, the Arctic is responding faster to global warming than most other areas on earth, as indicated by rising air temperatures, melting glaciers and ice sheets and a decline of the sea ice cover. As part of the meridional overturning circulation which connects all ocean basins and influences global climate, northward flowing Atlantic Water is the major means of heat and salt advection towards the Arctic where it strongly affects the sea ice distribution. Records of its natural variability are critical for the understanding of feedback mechanisms and the future of the Arctic climate system, but continuous historical records reach back only ca. 150 years. To reconstruct the history of temperature variations in the Fram Strait Branch of the Atlantic Current we analyzed a marine sediment core from the western Svalbard margin. In multidecadal resolution the Atlantic Water temperature record derived from planktic foraminifer associations and Mg/Ca measurements shows variations corresponding to the well-known climatic periods of the last millennium (Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age, Modern/Industrial Period). We find that prior to the beginning of atmospheric CO2 rise at ca. 1850 A.D. average summer temperatures in the uppermost Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean were in the range of 3-4.5°C. Within the 20th century, however, temperatures rose by ca. 2°C and eventually reached the modern level of ca. 6°C. Such values are unprecedented in the 1000 years before and are presumably linked to the Arctic Amplification of global warming. Taking into account the ongoing rise of global temperatures, further warming of inflowing Atlantic Water is expected to have a profound influence on sea ice and air temperatures in the Arctic.
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  • 8
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    Sedimentary processes in Lake Van: first results from a joint interpretation of seismic and drilling data (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-1847-3 Lake Van is a lake by volume of 607 km3 and a maximum depth of 450 meters in a tectonically active zone in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In summer 2010, Lake Van was the target of a deep drilling campaign (PaleoVan) in the frame of ICDP (International Continental Scientific Drilling Program). Two sites were drilled based on reflection seismic data collected during a seismic campaign in 2004. Here we present a first joint interpretation of the seismic and drilling data. Interpretation of seismic reflection data from lake reveals three physiographic provinces: a lacustrine shelf, a lacustrine slope, and a deep, relatively flat lake basin. The most prominent features of the lacustrine shelf and slope are prograding deltaic sequences, numerous unconformities, submerged channels, as well as closely spaced U- and/or V-shaped depressions, reflecting the variable lake level history of Lake Van. The seismic units of the shelf are dominantly composed of low-to-good continuity, variable amplitude reflections interpreted as fluvial deposits. The lake consists of three prominent basins (Tatvan, Deveboynu, and Northern Basins), separated by basement highs or ridges (Ahlat Ridge). The seismic units corresponding to these basins mainly consist of low to very high amplitude, well-stratified reflection patterns. Chaotic reflections are seen in parts of these basins. The Deveboynu Basin consists mainly of chaotic reflections. The Tatvan and Northern Basins are characterized by an alternating succession of well-stratified and chaotic reflecting layers. The chaotic seismic facies are interpreted as slump and slide deposits, which are probably the result of quick lake level fluctuations and/or earthquakes. The moderateto high amplitude, well-stratified facies seen in the deep parts of the basins away from the terrigenous sediment sources are interpreted as lacustrine deposits and tephra layers. The total sediment thickness in the deep parts of the lake is over 400 m. Prominent clinoforms indicate the initial flooding of Lake Van about 500 ka ago. The acoustic basement and the sediments lying on top of the basement in the southern part of the lake are disrupted by various intrusions and extrusions suggesting active volcanism. Synthetic seismograms calculated based on core logging, wire-line logging and check shot data will allow the correlation between seismic and drill data. This approach will allow extrapolating the stratigraphy from the wells to 3D-space by using the seismic data.
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  • 9
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    The Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) Initiative : integrating priorities for Arctic marine science over the next decade (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 4235 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-23
    Description: EGU2011-4235 The Arctic is undergoing rapid environmental and economic transformations. Recent climate warming, which is simplifying access to oil and gas resources, enabling trans Arctic shipping, and shifting the distribution of harvestable resources, has brought the Arctic Ocean to the top of national and international political agendas. Scientific knowledge of the present status of the Arctic Ocean and the process-based understanding of the mechanics of change are urgently needed to make useful predictions of future conditions throughout the Arctic region. These are required to plan for the consequences of climate change. A step towards improving our capacity to predict future Arctic change was undertaken with the Second International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II) meetings in 2005 and 2006, which brought together scientists, policymakers, research managers, Arctic residents, and other stakeholders interested in the future of the Arctic region. The Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) Initiative developed out of the synthesis of the several resulting ICARP II science plans specific to the marine environment. This process started in October 2008 and has been driven by early career scientists. The ART Initiative is an integrative, international, multi-disciplinary, long-term pan-Arctic network to study changes and feedbacks with respect to physical characteristics and biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean in a state of rapid transition and its impact on the biological production. The first ART workshop was held in Fairbanks, Alaska, in November 2009 with 58 participants from 9 countries. Workshop discussions and reports were used to develop a science plan that integrates, updates, and develops priorities for Arctic Marine Science over the next decade. The science plan was accepted and approved by the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Marine Group, the former Arctic Ocean Science Board. The second ART workshop was held in Winnipeg, Canada, in October 2010 with 20 participants from 7 countries to develop the implementation plan. Our focus within the ART Initiative will be to bridge gaps in knowledge not only across disciplinary boundaries (e.g., biology, geochemistry, geology, meteorology, physical oceanography), but also across geographic (e.g., international boundaries, shelves, margins, and the central Arctic Ocean) and temporal boundaries (e.g., alaeo/geologic records, current process observations, and future modeling studies). This approach of the ART Initiative will provide a means to better understand and predict change, particularly the consequences for biological productivity, and ultimate responses in the Arctic Ocean system. More information about the ART Initiative can be found at http://aosb.arcticportal.org/art.html.
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  • 10
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    Oceanic Core Complex die off and generation of enhanced mantle upwelling on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - 22° N (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-13199 Images of crustal construction provide a key to understand the interplay of magmatism and tectonism while oceanic crust is build up. Bathymetric data show that the crustal construction is highly variable. Areas that are dominated by magmatic processes are adjacent to areas that are highly tectonised and where mantle rocks were found. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 22°N shows this high variability along the ridge axis, within the TAMMAR segment, and from segment to segment. However, this strong variability occurs also off-axis, spreading parallel, representing different times in the same area of the ridge. A fracture zone, with limited magma supply, has been replaced by a segment centre with a high magmatic budget. Roughly 4.5 million years ago, the growing magmatic active TAMMAR segment, propagated into the fracture zone, started the migration of the ridge offset to the south, and stopped the formation of core complexes. We present data from seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection profiles that surveyed the crustal structure across the ridge crest of the TAMMAR segment. These yield the crustal structure at the segment centre as a function of melt supply. The results suggest that crust is ~8 km thick near the ridge and decreases in thickness with offset to the ridge axis. Seismic layer 3 shows profound changes in thickness and becomes rapidly one kilometre thicker approx. 5 million years ago. This correlates with gravimetric data and the observed “Bull’s eye” anomaly in that region. Our observations support a temporal change from thick lithosphere with oceanic core complex formation to thin lithosphere with focussed mantle upwelling and segment growing. The formation of ‘thick-crust’ volcanic centre seems to have coincided with the onset of propagation 4.5 million years ago.
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  • 11
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    Silicon isotopes as a tracer for silicate utilization in the Peruvian upwelling (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 6081 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-6081 Natural stable isotopes are a powerful tool in marine sciences to investigate biological processes, such as present and past nutrient utilization. In this study we present the first dissolved silicon isotope data in the upwelling area off Peru, where one of the world’s largest Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ) is located. Silicon is the most important component required for phytoplankton (diatom) growth, which dominates primary productivity in this region. Stable Si isotopes are fractionated during diatom growth in that the lighter Si isotopes are preferentially incorporated into diatoms with a fractionation factor of -1.1 promille. The Si isotope composition of dissolved silicic acid of the corresponding surface waters is therefore left isotopically heavier. The Si isotope composition, 30Si/28Si, is expressed as δ30Si values, which stand forh deviations from a given standard (NBS28). Investigation of the dissolved seawater Si isotope composition thus provides a measure for the utilization and, combined with information on the Si isotope composition of the water masses upwelling off Peru, it is a measure for the supply pathways of Si to the coastal upwelling centres. Surface waters on the shelf off Peru are mainly fed by the Equatorial Undercurrent, which mainly consists of waters originating from the western and Central Pacific and which has a characteristic δ30Si of +1.5 promille. In areas and during phases of intense upwelling the fractionation of Si isotopes was observed to be weaker due to upwelling-driven supply of less fractionated Si (δ30Si = 1.7 promille, from water depths of around 100-150 m, whereas under weak upwelling conditions fractionation is higher (δ30Si ~3 promille due to a more complete utilization of the available dissolved silicate. The distribution of dissolved δ30Si correlates strongly with particulate biogenic silicate (opal) concentrations in that highest opal concentrations in the surface waters show the lowest δ30Si values thus strongest upwelling intensity. The most extreme δ30Si values in surface waters (δ30Si = 4.5 promille are observed offshore where silicic acid concentrations are nearly zero. Furthermore we compare the δ30Si data with the dissolved nitrogen isotope distribution, which in addition to nitrate utilization is mainly influenced by denitrification and annamox processes in the OMZ. Combined silicon and nitrogen isotope compositions can thus help to disentangle different fractionation processes within the nitrogen cycle.
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  • 12
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    Holocene episodes of warm conditions in the eastern Fram Strait - a multiproxy perspective on the variability of Atlantic Water inflow (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 2455 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: EGU2011-2455 The current interglacial has gone through a variety of warmer and colder periods. Consistent with the decreasing solar insolation during the Holocene, warmest conditions have occurred particularly within its earliest phase. We studied high-resolution sediment sequences from the Western Svalbard margin covering the last ca 10,000 years in order to reconstruct the variations of Atlantic Water advection to the Arctic, the sea ice extent, and the structure of the water column on the Westspitsbergen continental margin. The Fram Strait, often referred to as the Arctic Gateway, is the only deep-water passage for Atlantic-derived water masses to enter the Arctic Ocean. Northward advection of relatively warm and saline Atlantic Water masses keeps the eastern part of the Fram Strait ice-free all year. It therefore plays a crucial role for the heat budget of the Arctic. A multiproxy data set including geochemical, micropaleontological, and sedimentological parameters was established with centennial to multidecadal time resolution. Records of foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, planktic foraminifer assemblages, and the amount of ice rafted debris clearly reveal distinct variations between climatically warmer and colder intervals throughout this period. Planktic foraminifer assemblages reveal warmest conditions for the early Holocene period (ca 10-8 ka). A second warming pulse is detected between 5 and 6 ka. In the second half of the Holocene, increased IRD contents are indicative of a significant cooling trend. Despite of the decreasing solar insolation planktic foraminiferal assemblages suggest a return of slightly strengthened Atlantic Water advection around 3 to 2 ka and a strong warming event in the present, anthropogenically influenced period.
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  • 13
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    Plio-Pleistocene changes in water mass exchange and erosional inputs in the Fram Strait (2011)
    Copernicus
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria ; p. 3514 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: We determined the isotopic composition of neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) of past seawater to reconstruct water mass exchange and erosional input between the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Seas over the past 5 Ma. For this purpose, sediments of ODP site 911 (leg 151) located at 900 m water depth on the Yermak Plateau in the Fram Strait were used. The paleo-seawater variability of Nd and Pb isotopes was extracted from the sea water-derived metal oxide coatings on the sediment particles following the leaching method of Gutjahr et al. (2007). All radiogenic isotope data were acquired by Multi-Collector (MC) ICP-MS. The site 911 stratigraphy of Knies et al. (2009) was applied. Surface sediment Sr and Nd isotope data, as well as downcore Sr isotope data obtained on the same leaches are close to seawater and confirm the seawater origin of the Nd and Pb isotope signatures. The deep water Nd isotope time series extracted from site 911 was in general more radiogenic ("Nd = -7.5 to -10) than present day deep water ("Nd = -9.8 to -11.8) in the area of the Fram Strait (Andersson et al., 2008) and does not show a systematic trend with time. In contrast, the radiogenic isotope composition of Pb evolved from 206Pb/204Pb ratios around 18.7 to more radiogenic values around 19.2 between 2 Ma and today. The data indicate that mixing of water masses from the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Seas has controlled the Nd isotope signatures of deep waters on the Yermak Plateau over the past 5 Ma. Prior to 1.7 Ma the Nd isotope signatures on the Yermak Plateau were less radiogenic than waters from the same depth in the central Arctic Ocean (Haley et al., 2008) pointing to a greater influence from the Norwegian-Greenland Seas. After 1.7 Ma the central Arctic and Yermak Plateau data have varied around similar values indicating water mass mixing overall similar to today. In contrast, the Pb isotope composition of deep waters in the Fram Strait appears to have been dominated by weathering inputs from glacially weathering old continental landmasses, such as Greenland or parts of Svalbard since 2 Ma. A similar control over the Pb isotope evolution of seawater since the onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation was recorded by ferromanganese crusts that grew from North Atlantic DeepWater in the western North Atlantic. References: Gutjahr, M., Frank, M., Stirling, C.H., Klemm, V., van de Flierdt, T. and Halliday, A.N. (2007): Reliable extraction of a deepwater trace metal isotope signal from Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide coatings of marine sediments.- Chemical Geology 242, 351-370 Haley B. A., M. Frank, R.F. Spielhagen and A. Eisenhauer (2008): Influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean circulation over the past 15 million years. Nature Geoscience 1, 68–72 Andersson, P.S., Porcelli, D., Frank, M., Björk, G., Dahlqvist, R. and Gustafsson, Ö. (2008): Neodymium isotopes in seawater from the Barents Sea and Fram Strait Arctic- Atlantic gateways.- Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 2854-2867 Knies, J., J. Matthiessen, C. Vogt, J.S. Laberg, B.O. Hjelstuen, M.Smelror, E. Larsen, K. Andreassen, T. Eidvin and T.O. Vorren (2009): The Plio-Pleistocene glaciation of the Barents Sea–Svalbard region: a new model based on revised chronostratigraphy - Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 9-10, 812-829
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  • 14
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    Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Woodlark Basin (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: EGU2011-12864 The Woodlark Basin east of Papua New Guinea represents one of the few places on Earth where a spreading axis propagates into continental crust. This special tectonic setting allows insights into the evolution of magma composition as continental extension and break-up changes to the formation of ocean crust. We report here geochemical results on samples collected in 2009 from the four segments closest to the continental breakup, from segment 1 which abuts the detachment fault responsible for continental extension on Moresby Seamount in the West, to segment 4, representing mature oceanic crust in the East. A total of 208 glass samples have been analyzed for their major (EMPA) and trace element (LA-ICPMS) compositions. The data show strong E-W variations. Samples ranging from tholeiitic basalt and basaltic andesite to andesite and rhyolite are found on Segment 1. They have generally high alkali values and a wide range of trace element contents and ratios. Segments 2 to 4 magmas in contrast only comprise tholeiitic basalt with lower alkali contents and a more restricted range of trace element chemistry. The geochemical differences between the segments cannot be attributed to differentiation processes alone, and different sources are required. High Ba/La, (La/Sm)N, Rb/Sr, and Th/La on Segment 1 suggest a derivation from an enriched mantle source, while low Nd/Pb and Nb/U suggest that some of the enrichment may also reflect the influence of continental crust during magma genesis. Whether this continental signature is present in the form of recycled material in the mantle or as rafted continental blocks in the axial region is at present unclear. In contrast to rocks from segment 1, trace element compositions of volcanic glasses from segments 2 to 4 show a stronger MORB signature, presumably reflecting more mature spreading in this part of the basin. The influence of continental material appears to be minimal, suggesting that uncontaminated asthenosphere quickly flows into the rift and/or that continental blocks are not retained in the axial region for long time periods following the rifting-spreading transition.
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    Johann Heinrich Lamberts Cosmologische Briefe (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Lambert, cosmological letters, fixed stars, nebulae, island universe, teleology, teleological, enlightenment, enlightened, romanticism, romantic, hypothesis, physical-teleological, speculation, imagination, stability, solar system, cosmology, astronomy, comet, magic, alchemy, pietism, science, arts, philosophy, Newtonian. - Johann Heinrich Lamberts Cosmological Letters was published 1761 in Augsburg. Lambert tried to expose a theory of the structure of the universe as a whole, that is, a theory that was able to involucrate all sorts of observed celestial bodies, like 'fixed stars' und nebulae. Lambert tackles his task mixing two disciplines, which in principle seem to be incompatible: Newtonian physics and teleology. Lambert's speculative and imaginative way to formulate his hypotheses shows resemblances to the way of making science developed during the romantic period, disagreeing with the methods of enlightenment, movement to which Lambert is usually associated. A central aspect of this thesis is to study Lambert's figure in relation to this two traditions, with the finality to deal with the compression of his ideas in depth, in light of the transition between the enlightened vision of the world and the romantic one.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 520 ; TA 100 ; TA 400 ; Theoretische Grundlagen {Astronomie} ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte {Astronomie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 302 S.
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    Laser ablation ICP-MS in paleoceanography (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: The different benthic foraminiferal species (epibenthic as well as endobenthic) colonize wide areas of the ocean floor and are widely used for paleoceanographic reconstructions. To improve these reconstructions, it is an important part in research to continuously develop and refine proxies by e.g. improving measuring techniques as well as introducing other species in paleoceanograhpy. The main focus of the presented thesis is a regional examination of the trace element ratios of the rarely used benthic foraminifer Oridorsalis umbonatus and the investigation of their suitability for paleoceanographic applications. Since O. umbonatus is not very abundant in the sediments, it was necessary . as a prerequisite for such studies . to investigate, whether laser ablation ICP-MS can be used for trace element measurements on benthic foraminifera. Therefore, as a first step, trace elements were measured using laser ablation ICP-MS on a set of modern core top samples collected along a depth transect on the continental slope off Namibia at 25.5.S (320 . 2300m water depth; 2.9. to 10.4.C). The Mg/Ca ratios where than calibrated against bottom water temperatures (BWT). The study demonstrates clearly that benthic foraminiferal trace elements can be reliably measured with the laser ablation technique and that the Mg/Ca ratio of O. umbonatus has the potential to be used as a proxy for BWTs...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 579.44 ; 579.44 ; UHG 000 ; VXE 000 ; UHG 000 ; VXE 000 ; Paläoozeanologie ; Protozoa {Paläozoologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 81 S.
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    The effect of acidic polysaccharides on the biogeochemistry of iron in the marine environment (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: In the early 1990`s the first IPCC report stated the effect of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on global warming and John Martin`s Iron Hypothesis (Martin and J.H 1990), relating atmospheric dust deposition, a major source of iron to the surface ocean, to the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and the last ice age, culminating in the well known sentence Give me (half) a tanker of iron and I’ll give you a new ice age!. Since then, several large-scale in situ Fe fertilisation experiments revealed that in large areas of the ocean, the so called high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) areas, phytoplankton growth is partly limited by depleted Fe conditions (Geider et al. 1994; De Baar and Boyed 2000; Boyd et al. 2007). The ocean receives Fe from upwelling, riverine input, melting icebergs, atmospheric dust input, input from anoxic sediments, hydrothermal vents and direct recycling by organisms(Tovar-Sanchez et al. 2007). However, in HNLC regions the Fe input to surface waters is very low resulting in Fe limitation of phytoplankton growth. Fe is an important nutrient for marine phytoplankton (Geider et al. 1994; Falkowski et al. 1998; Morel and Price 2003), being essential in metabolic reactions like the photosynthetic electron transport and the assimilation of nitrogen. It is also required for the synthesis of chlorophyll (Martin et al. 1988; Maldonado et al. 1999) as well as for the functioning of the enzyme superoxide dismutase which inhibits the breakdown of chlorophyll by superoxide radicals (Coale 1991)...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 577.14 ; VJE 000 ; VJC 210 ; VJE 000 ; VJC 210 ; Organische Geochemie ; Geochemie des Meerwassers
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 106 S.
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    Mg-Ca, B-Ca and U-Ca in shells of benthic foraminifers (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mg/Ca ratios in benthic foraminiferal shells are frequently used in paleoceanographic studies to estimate past bottom water temperatures. Apart from temperature, other factors may exert additional influences on foraminiferal Mg/Ca. These include the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater, partial dissolution of shell calcite, salinity, physiological effects, and, probably of capital importance, the carbonate chemistry of seawater. In this context, the seperate effects of temperature and seawater carbonate chemistry on the magnesium incorporation into benthic foraminideral calcite are unraveled and quantified in this thesis...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 579.44 ; 579.44 ; 560 ; VXE 000 ; VJE 220 ; VXE 000 ; VJE 220 ; Protozoa {Paläozoologie} ; Geochemie der Fauna
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 88 S.
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    Quantitative estimation of aerobic diagenetic overprint of palaeoproductivity signals (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, oxidation, degradation, organic matter. - Species-selective aerobic decomposition affects fossil organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) records and hence dinocyst-based interpretations of primary productivity and oceanographic conditions. However, since the recognition of dinocyst species sensitive and resistant to oxic degradation (S- and R-cysts, respectively) it has become apparent that R-cysts may still serve as reliable productivity and oceanographic conditions proxies. On the other hand S-cysts provide a way to quantify aerobic degradation of organic matter (OM) and past bottom-water O2 concentrations. OM degradation plays a key role in global carbon cycling and is important for global climate change. Therefore dinocysts are a valuable tool for estimating the rate of diagenetic process. Questions concerning species-selective aerobic degradation still remain and will be adressed here. To obtain information on the rate of S-cyst decomposition, the relationship between S-cyst degradation and O2 concentrations, and the aerobic degradation of extinct dinocyst species, a natural exposure experiment has been conducted and studies of both Quaternary and pre-Quaternary material from sediment cores were executed. The exposure experiment was conducted in the natural setting of the Eastern Mediterranean. During a 15 month exposure period to oxic water masses, concentrations of S-cysts (Brigantedinium spp. and Echinidinium granulatum) decreased by 24 to 57%. However, taxa such as Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus, Echinidinium aculeatum, Operculodinium israelianum and Impagidinium aculeatum demonstrated a slight increase in concentration, indicating resistance to aerobic degradation. These results show that even short-term exposure to oxygen may cause considerable changes in the dinocyst assemblage ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 560 ; VVA 560 ; VXE 000 ; VVA 560 ; VXE 000 ; Aktuopaläontologie ; Protozoa {Paläozoologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 159 S.
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    Distribution and transportation pathways of marine particulate matter off Northwest Africa (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Marine snow, underwater cameras, particle flux, aggregation, suspended particulate matter, particle transport. - This study focusses on the vertical distribution and transportation pathways of marine particles off NW-Africa with aid of optical methodologies. A profiling camera system and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was used for in-situ observations on the distribution, transport processes and sinking behaviour of marine particulate matter. Between the regional areas of investigation Cape Blanc, Dakhla and Cape Bojador significant differences could be observed with respect to distribution and transportation patterns. These differences are primarily related to the different primary production conditions between the investigation areas. Primary production is the most important factor for the abundance of particulate matter, where highest particle concentrations in the entire water column were seen off Cape Blanc. Next to primary production, water depth, currents and density gradients are factors influencing the particle distribution patterns. With respect to the prevailing transport processes, the Cape Blanc region is characterised by vertically orientated transport patterns. In addition to the continuous supply of large, relatively fast sinking particle aggregates a sinking event could be documented for the first time in-situ in the water column. These events deliver huge amounts of particulate matter from the ocean surface ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Lösungskinetik von Gips und Anhydrit (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The dissolution kinetics of gypsum and anhydrite have been measured under various conditions. For gypsum an almost linear rate equation R=ks1(1-c/ceq)n1 is valid, where R is the surface rate, n1 1 is the kinetics order, c is the total calcium concentration at the surface, and ceq the equilibrium concentration with respect to gypsum. For the determination of the entire dissolution kinetics a batch set-up was used. This batch experiment reveals a dissolution rate equation R=ks1(1-c/ceq)n1 which switch close to equilibrium to a nonlinear rate equation R=ks2(1-c/ceq)n2 with n2 4.5. The experimentally observed dissolution rates from the batch experiment could be fitted by only minor variations with a mixed kinetics model. The rotating disk experiment on anhydrite reveals a surface controlled rate equation. For anhydrite the observed experimentally dissolution rates by a batch experiment are described by R=ks(1-c/ceq})n, where ks is the surface rate constant and n 4.2 is the kinetic order. Furthermore, a method for the determination of the rate equation parameters was developed ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 549 ; VJK 000 ; VHB 600 ; VGC 000 ; Experimentelle Geochemie ; Sulfate, Chromate, Molybdate und Wolframate {Mineralogie} ; Mineralchemie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 120 S.
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    Sedimentary and stratal patterns in jurassic successions of western Madagascar (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Madagascar; Jurassic; Karoo; Gondwana; Breakup; Rift; Microfauna; Macrofauna; Ammonites; Indian Ocean. - The breakup of Gondwana along the former East African Orogen is widely interpreted to have lasted from the Late Palaeozoic to the Callovian. The present study indicates that the Permian-Triassic or Karoo phase of rifting was not responsible for the separation of East- and West-Gondwana, since that rift system failed in the Late Triassic. Instead the breakup of Gondwana occurred in the Late Liassic. The pre-rift phase in the Morondava Basin is represented by the Karoo deposits, and the syn-rift phase is recorded by Toarcian marine shales, locally overlain by Aalenian sandstones. A major Early Bajocian unconformity is interpreted as the breakup unconformity. The initial post-rift or drift phase is represented by the Bajocian-Bathonian carbonates, marls and sandstones of coastal plain environment and a coastal barrier/lagoon complex. During the Bathonian the siliciclastic shoreface system moved basinward. Callovian-Early Kimmeridgian shales with interbedded iron-oolites represent ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 500 ; VDB 100 ; VEQ 300 ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Gondwana ; Madagaskar {Geologie}
    Language: English
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    Impuls- und Wärmeaustausch zwischen der Atmosphäre und dem eisbedeckten Ozean (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Turbulence, ice ridge, polynja, drag coefficient. - Polarstern (PS) cruise ARK XII led into the Laptev Sea and into the Kara Sea. Measurements of atmospheric processes within the polar surface layer were performed by a turbulence probe mounted at the bow crane of the ship.The meteorological conditions during the cruise were characterised by moderate winds and low temperature differences between the atmosphere and the underlying surface.Detailed information about the variation of meteorological parameters and of the surface fluxes were achieved as a function of the surface characteristics. The measurements are used to analyse ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; VAQ 990 ; TYZ 400 ; TVH 500 ; Meereis {Glaziologie} ; Nordpolarmeer {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Temperatur der Wasseroberfläche als meteorol. Element
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Biogeochemie gelöster Kohlenhydrate in der Arktis (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.9 ; VJE 200 ; VJC 210 ; Geochemie Lebender Materie ; Geochemie des Meerwassers
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Production and preservation of calcareous dinoflagellate cysts in the modern Arabian Sea (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 560 ; VYF 200 ; Pyrrophyceae {Paläobotanik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Wechselwirkungen zwischen Eis und Ozean im Weddellmeer (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAQ 990 ; Meereis {Glaziologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    An adaptive shallow water model on the sphere (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This thesis describes the adaptive shallow water model PLASMA-FEMmE. It solves on the sphere the shallow water equations, the prototype for partial differential equations in atmospheric modeling, using a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian time step and linear finite elements. Both statically and dynamically adapted grids created by the grid generator amatos are investigated. The results are compared with those of the predecessor model FEMmE that uses a static uniform grid. The outcome demonstrates the capability of the chosen approach as well as its limits. Grid adaptation can easily be achieved with amatos. No reflexions at the grid interfaces are observed. Though in one test case instabilities are released at the grid interfaces. The numerical errors are reduced without a considerable enhancement of the computational effort in another test case with a well-known analytical solution. In respect to the conservation properties the results are more complicated. Mass conservation can be achieved in one test case with an appropriate static grid. In case of complex flow regimes all conservation properties are weakened during the simulation using dynamic grid adaptation...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 532.5 ; 551.46 ; 550 ; Meteorologische Modelle ; Fluiddynamik {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 135 S.
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    Evaluation and application of GPS and altimetry data over central Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The polar ice sheets are unique paleoclimatic archives and play an important role in recent and future climate. The melting of the big freshwater reservoirs will not only increase the global sea level, but will also influence the ocean currents. Therefore, it will be of particular interest to improve the currently available numeric climate models to achieve more accurate statements about climatic change and its consequences. In this work, the evaluation and the different applications of GPS and altimetry data will be described in respect to enhance models. The antarctic area of investigation, Dronning Maud Land (DML), is of particular interest for German polar research, because both the overwintering station Neumayer and the summer station Kohnen are located within it. In the surroundings of these two stations, highly accurate kinematic GPS measurement were made, which will be the basis for the digital elevation model presented here. Because these data are spatially limited, they are supplemened with remotely sensed data. For this purpose, two airborne altimetry data sets and spaceborne laser altimetry data of the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) are used...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.312 ; 551 ; 550 ; TWC 600 ; VAR 980 ; TQI 000 ; TSY 200 ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; Antarktis {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 140 S.
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    Assessing the fidelity of the marine sedimentary magnetic record (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Marine sediments, diagenesis, anoxic environments, paleomagnetism, low-temperature magnetism, magnetic Fe-Ti-Oxides. - Magnetic particles usually occur in very minor concentrations in igneous and sedimentary rocks, soils, volcanic ashes, dusts and even in living organisms. Many of these magnetic grains are capable of carrying a stable permanent magnetization and therefore act as recorders of the recent and ancient Earth's magnetic field. Thus paleomagnetism refers to the study of this remanent magnetization in sedimentary and volcanic rocks through time. From this magnetization, directional intensity information can be recovered concerning the geomagnetic field that prevailed at the sample location at the time of the rock formation. The magnetic parameter on which such paleomagnetic studies are based is the natural remanent magnetization (NRM). In continental margin regions the remanence acquisition process is often complicated by post-depositional modifications of the original magnetic material. After deposition magnetic minerals can be altered or new magnetic phases can be formed. Consequently the original NRM might be obscured or even fully erased. The process of diagenesis and authigenesis may thus seriously compromise paleomagnetic interpretation. Therefore our knowledge of the geomagnetic field behavior based on sediment records from continental margin regions remains limited. To obtain fully reliable information about the geomagnetic field or paleoenvironmental conditions from continental margin regions, the effect of early diagenetic processes occurring after deposition of the sediment must be understood in detail.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.4686 ; 538.727 ; 550 ; TOT 320 ; VKB 380 ; TSZ 100 ; Paläomagnetismus {Geophysik} ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen ; Atlantischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 113 S.
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    Methane oxidation and carbon assimilation in marine sediments (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Anaerobe Oxidation of Methane, AOM, methanotrophy, stable isotope labeling, stable isotope probing, carbon assimilation, flow-through columns, ANME, Seep-SRB, Gullfaks, Tommeliten. - Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) performed by consortia of methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is the major sink of methane in marine sediments. This thesis describes methane consumption at two of the most active North Sea cold seeps (Gullfaks, Tommeliten), their microbial community and the resulting lipid biomarker patterns. Experiments in flow-through setups are presented, focusing on physiological parameters of AOM activity such as different methane and sulfate concentrations and on the tolerance of AOM to starvation periods. The roles of inorganic carbon (DIC) and methane as carbon sources for the microbial community performing AOM were examined combining stable isotope probing and lipid biomarker analyses. For archaea substantial uptake of carbon from DIC and methane was found, indicting a novel carbon assimilation pathway. Biomass from SRB was exclusively labeled by DIC indicating a methane dependent, but autotrophic growth consortial SRB.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.9
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 153 S.
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    Seafloor seepage in the Black Sea (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Black Sea, seafloor seepage, mud volcanoes, seeps, fluid migration, gas hydrates, diapirs. - The Black Sea is the worldwide largest anoxic basin with thick gas rich sediments facilitating seafloor seepage, which is widely distributed along the continental slopes of the Black Sea. In two areas, the Sorokin Trough off Crimea and at the continental slope off Batumi (Georgia), the distribution, structure and evolution of two different vent systems and their relation to fluid migration pathways and gas/gas hydrate occurrences have been investigated by means of high resolution multichannel seismic data. In both regions, the distribution of seafloor seepage is controlled by fluid migration along permeable pathways associated with diapiric uplift in the subsurface. In the Sorokin Trough, seepage is expressed by intensive material upflow and the formation of mud volcanoes; offshore Batumi, gas seeps with low material flux dominate. In the Sorokin Trough, most mud volcanoes are associated with near-subsurface mud diapirs. The great morphological variability of the mud volcanoes reflects different driving mechanisms, which depend on the availability of permeable fluid migration pathways and the depositional environment. A 3D seismic dataset images the detailed three-dimensional ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.466 ; 550 ; TSZ 100 ; VAT 300 ; VEZ 120 ; TQC 600 ; Atlantischer Ozean {Geophysik} ; Geologie des Meeresboden ; Randmeere {Geologie} ; Tiefseeseismik {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 154 S.
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    Development of a novel balloon-borne optical sonde for the measurement of ozone and other stratospheric trace gases (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ozone, balloon-borne measurements, atmospheric trace gases, concentration profiles, climate change. - In the frame of this work, a new small-size balloon-borne sonde was developed. A miniature grating spectrometer in the sonde measures simultaneously the solar spectral irradiance at a wide wavelength range from 200 to 850. As a first application, ozone profiles have been determined by measuring the changes in the spectral irradiance, caused by ozone absorption in the Huggins band. The wide spectral coverage of the spectrometer offers the possibility for measurements of other trace gases which absorb within the wavelength range, e.g. NO2 and BrO. The low weight of the new sonde (1.7 kg), the moderate price, and the autonomous portable telemetry system makes it a very versatile tool for satellite validation and for case studies, which requires a high number of launches. The newly developed sonde works well without temperature stabilisation, even so the spectrometer experiences rather large temperature changes (15 - 20 K) during the ascent through the atmosphere. Laboratory measurements were performed in ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 551.8 ; 550
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
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    Untersuchung der Photooxidantien Wasserstoffperoxid, Methylhydroperoxid und Formaldehyd in der Troposphäre der Antarktis (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Photooxidants play an important role for the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. The presented work deals with seasonal changes of atmospheric photooxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methylhydroperoxide (MHP) and formaldehyde (HCHO). The principal purpose was to follow and quantify the mixing-ratios of these photochemical species for the first time over a complete annual cycle in Antarctica. During two field campaigns at the German Antarctic station Neumayer (overwintering campaign from January 1997 until March 1998 and a shorter campaign from January to March 1999) continuous measurements of atmospheric mixing-ratios were performed. A continuous wet-chemical technique was used for peroxides and formaldehyde sampling and analysis. Species were quantified by fluorescence detection. In order to compare the results and measurements with well-known reaction mechanisms a photochemical box model was applied. The obtained time series show a pronounced seasonal variation with higher values during summer. For the first time atmospheric concentrations of H2O2, MHP and HCHO were documented during polar night in winter. The mixing-ratios were significantly higher than expected due to missing actinic radiation essential for photochemical production. Trajectory analyses and calculations with a three-dimensional model showed that during winter the mixing-ratios of photooxidants are mainly affected by long-range transport in the free troposphere. Investigations during the Antarctic ó́zone hole period ́́show no significant impact of the increased UV-B radiation on the photooxidants. The findings of this work contribute to a better understanding of the photochemistry of the investigated trace gases in the clean troposphere of Antarctica and provide a useful data record for further photochemical modeling.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 551.9 ; 550 ; TYY 200 ; TVA 210 ; Antarktis {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 176 S.
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    Entwicklung und Anwendung eines photochemischen schräge Säulen Modell-Paketes zur Interpretation von DOAS-Daten atmosphärischer Spurengase (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Besides measurements of atmospheric trace gases and laboratory studies of chemical reactions, modelling has been recognised to be of increasing importance to improve our knowledge of the atmosphere and the capabilities of photochemical models. Main scope of this work was the development of a photochemical atmospheric model, which was especielly designed for the interpretation of Differential Optical Absorption measurments (DOAS). This model has been used to improve our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry. For example, for the first time it was possible to demonstrate that a significant amount of IO in a range of 0.65 to 0.8 pptv is present in the stratosphere in the polar region (Ny-Alesund,Spitzbergen). Moreover it has been shown that such amounts of stratospheric IO lead to an additional Ozone loss in the range of 10 % in cold arctic winters.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 700 ; TVA 210 ; Verfahren zur Untersuchung der freien Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 35
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    Die Ozonverteilungen der Nordhemisphäre 1997 - 2000 gemessen mit GOME (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ozone profile retrieval, ERS-2, GOME, FURM, ozone decline, Northern hemisphere. - Measurements of stratospheric ozone over the Northern hemisphere forthe winter/spring periods of 1997 to 2000 taken with the GOMEinstrument were used to derive the chemical ozone depletion inside thepolar vortex. GOME onboard the ERS-2 satellite measures radiationcoming from the Earth in the UV/vis spectral range.To discern the chemical depletion from dynamical influences, a modelwas developed to calculate vortex averaged diabatic descent ratesusing the radiative transfer model MIDRAD and the FURM ozoneprofiles. The permeability of the Arctic vortex was analysed by usingthe trajectory model TANGO in conjunction with a reverse domainfilling algorithm, developed within the framework of this thesis.The chemical ozone ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 850 ; TVA 210 ; TY 100 ; Satellitenmeteorologie ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Nördliche Hemisphäre {Meteorologie und Klimatologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 36
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    A new algorithm to retrieve the sea ice concentration using weather-corrected 85 GHz SSM/I measurements (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Sea ice is a very important component of the climate system. While the Arctic sea ice extent has retreated during the past 20 years, it has remained constant in the Antarctic. In order to better understand the role of sea ice in the climate system in the context of global warming currently used coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models have to be improved. This requires to know the sea ice concentration C for a long period for both hemispheres and at the best possible spatial resolution. Currently used methods to obtain C like the NASA Team (NT) algorithm are based on data acquired by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) at 19 and 37GHz. The SEA LION (SL) algorithm presented here allows to infer C from the polarization P at 85GHz taking advantage of the higher spatial resolution at this frequency. However, the decrease of P caused by the weather influence leads to an overestimation of C. Therefore, P is corrected using a radiative transfer model and atmospheric data taken from Numerical Weather Prediction models and/or derived from SSM/I measurements. The various sea ice and snow properties are considered calculating monthly sea ice tie points. The average standard deviation of C derived with the SL algorithm is 12% for C 〈 50% and below 5% for C 〉 90%. The SL ice edge agrees within 10km with the one evident in VIS/IR images. The SL ice concentration gradient across the marginal ice zone (MIZ) agrees much better with the one evident in SAR images compared to results of the NT algorithm. Using the higher spatial resolution at 85GHz the SL algorithm allows to detect smaller open water areas than known algorithms. A major limitation of the SL algorithm arises from the quality of atmospheric data needed for the weather correction. A spatial resolution of these data lower than the 85GHz SSM/I channels and/or a time lag larger than half an hour between both data sets can cause relative errors above 100%, particulary in the cloud-covered parts of the MIZ.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 550.28 ; 551.31 ; 550 ; TWH 500 ; TWC 100 ; Einfluss von Eis {Klimatologie} ; Instr. Ergebn. zu Klimaänderungen und Klimaschwankungen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 186 S.
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  • 37
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    Messungen von dynamischen Tracern und Ozon in der arktischen Stratosphäre (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ozone chemistry, tracer measurements, radiometry, airborne,submillimeterwave, Arctic, stratosphere. - The Airborne Submillimeter Radiometer (ASUR) is a passive heterodyne instrument using a superconducting detector with an instrumental frequency range from 604.3 to 662.3 GHz.Operating onboard an aircraft to avoid absorption by tropospheric water vapor key species of the stratospheric ozone chemistry can be detected for a vertical altitude range from 15 to 55 km. In the winter 1999/2000 the ASUR instrument participated in the THESEO 2000/SOLVE project onboard the NASA research aircraft DC-8. Three deployments were carried ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 800 ; TVA 210 ; TYY 100 ; Radarmeteorologie ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Arktis {Meteorologie und Klimatologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 38
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    Strahlungstransport- und Inversions-Algorithmen zur Ableitung atmosphärischer Spurengasinformationen aus Erdfernerkundungsmessungen in Nadirgeometrie im ultravioletten bis nahinfraroten Spektralbereich am Beispiel SCIAMACHY (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 850 ; TUA 500 ; TVA 210 ; Satellitenmeteorologie ; Meteorologische Modelle ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 39
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    Über die Tiefenwasserausbreitung im Weddellmeer und in der Scotia-See (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: WSDW, water mass spreading, numerical model, lagrangian trajectories, Weddell Scotia Confluence. - The deep Scotia Sea is filled with ventilated Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). This in turn is an essential contributor to the ventilation of the World Ocean abyss. A primitive equation, hydrostatic, ocean general circulation model (BRIOS1.1) with terrain-following coordinate is used to investigate the water mass export from the Weddell Sea. The model is circumpolar focusing on the Weddell Sea, with particularly high resolution (2̃0 km) in the DOVETAIL area. The northern limb of the Weddell Gyre exhibits an eastward Weddell Sea Deep Water transport across 44ʿW of 24 Sv. Export rates of Weddell Sea Deep Water through gaps in theSouth Scotia Ridge are estimated to be 6.4 Sv with a semi-annual cycle of ± 0.6 Sv, which can be correlated to atmospheric cyclone activity and Weddell Gyre strength. Sensitivity studies considering extreme sea ice conditions in the Weddell Sea show higher (lower) exports in years of minimum (maximum) winter sea ice extent. This can be attributed to the local change of the surface stress achieved by wind and ice. Lagrangian ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 910 ; QGZ 420 ; UKG 200 ; Physische Geographie der Antarktis ; Teilfragen {Regionale Ozeanologie, Südpolarmeer}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 142 S.
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  • 40
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    Remote sensing of the Northwest African upwelling and its production dynamics (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Carbon export; SeaWiFS; variability; upwelling; Atlantic Ocean; chlorophyll filament; SeaWiFS; SST. - The North Atlantic off NW Africa is characterized by the trade wind induced upwelling of cold and nutrient rich waters. As one of most strongest eastern boundary upwelling areas it is marked by low sea surface temperature and high bio-production, both subject to strong seasonal and interannual variations.Satellite measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the upper water-column were used to (a) recognize the upwelling of deep water and its distribution and mixing in the surface, (b) identify the development of phytoplankton blooms and (c) provide further insights in the characteristics of its variations.Measurements of surface Chl-a were compared to deep-sea fluxes of organic carbon in order to determine the relationship between both parameters and to further calculate the export of Corg and the export variation strength.The off-shore extension of SST-defined upwelling from 1988 through 1999 between 18ʿ and 25ʿN shows maxima in January and May/June with an average area of 140,000 km2 (standard deviation of 20,000 km2). Minima in August exhibit an extension of 43,000 km2 (15,000 km2 standard deviation). A correlation between ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 910 ; UKB 100 ; Nordatlantik {Regionale Ozeanologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 41
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    Langfristige Variabilität der thermohalinen Zirkulation in einem gekoppelten Ozean-, Meereis-, Atmosphärenmodell (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Thermohaline circulation, variability, energy and moisture balance model, paleoceanography. - Freshening of high latitude surface water can change the large scale oceanic transport of heat and salt. Consequently, atmospheric and sea ice perturbations over the deep water production sites excite a large scale response establishing an oceanic t̀̀eleconnection'' with time scales of years to centuries. To study these feed-backs, an atmospheric energy and moisture balance model (EMBM), predicting the heat and fresh water fluxes at the surface, and a thermodynamic sea ice model were constructed and coupled to the GFDL ocean model MOM2. The heat and moisture transports by transient eddies in the EMBM are parameterized by diffusion. The coupled model reproduces many aspects of today's oceanic circulation. The most interesting features of the coupled model are the sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation to changes in the configuration, the multidecadal variability in the ocean-sea ice system, and the behaviour of the thermohaline circulation during transitions between glacial and interglacial periods. A very strong thermohaline circulation develops in the coupled system that is not evident in the stand-alone ocean model. An interesting aspect of this behaviour is the existence of a maximum strength in the overturning. Beyond this maximum, evaporation in the subtropics cannot balance the northward salt-transport. As a result, the watermasses over the deep water production sites become fresher, leading to a collapse of the thermohaline circulation. The associated changes in the sea ice cover prevent the system to recover. ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.6 ; 550 ; QDC 200 ; Synoptische Klimageographie ; Wärme- und Strahlungshaushalt der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Statistische Klimatologie und Klimatologische Modelle ; Klimaänderungen
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 132 S.
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  • 42
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    Different styles of deformation of the fore-arc wedge along the Chilean convergent margin (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 890 ; VAE 130 ; VBE 000 ; TOE 000 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 500 ; Ozeanische Kruste {Tektonik} ; Geomechanik ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Physikalisches Verhalten der Erde {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 118 S.
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  • 43
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    Neogene seismotectonics of the south-central Chile margin (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 500 ; VAE 500 ; TOH 800 ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Chile {Geologie} ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Paläoerdbeben {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 108 S.
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  • 44
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    Seismic structure of the Arava Fault, Dead Sea Transform (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ein transversales Störungssystem im Nahen Osten, die Dead Sea Transform (DST), trennt die Arabische Platte von der Sinai-Mikroplatte und erstreckt sich von Süden nach Norden vom Extensionsgebiet im Roten Meer über das Tote Meer bis zur Taurus-Zagros Kollisionszone. Die sinistrale DST bildete sich im Miozän vor etwa 17 Ma und steht mit dem Aufbrechen des Afro-Arabischen Kontinents in Verbindung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Arava Tal zwischen Totem und Rotem Meer, mittig über der Arava Störung (Arava Fault, AF), die hier den Hauptast der DST bildet. Eine Reihe seismischer Experimente, aufgebaut aus künstlichen Quellen, linearen Profilen über die Störung und entsprechend entworfenen Empfänger-Arrays, zeigt die Untergrundstruktur in der Umgebung der AF und der Verwerfungszone selbst bis in eine Tiefe von 3-4 km. Ein tomographisch bestimmtes Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten von P-Wellen zeigt einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF mit niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten auf der westlichen Seite als im Osten. Scherwellen lokaler Erdbeben liefern ein mittleres P-zu-S Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis und es gibt Anzeichen für Änderungen über die Störung hinweg ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 850 ; TQC 220 ; TSI 000 ; VEI 400 ; Festländische Lineamente {Geologie} ; Reflexionsseismik {Geophysik} ; Vorderasien {Geophysik} ; Israel, Palästina {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 142 S.
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  • 45
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    Das CHAMP-Radiookkultationsexperiment (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 145 S.
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  • 46
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    Untersuchung des thermo-hydraulischen Feldes und der Wärmeflussdichte in der Nähe eines aktiven Mantelplumes (Insel Hawaii) mit Hilfe von Bohrlochtemperaturmessungen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQG 000 ; TOO 000 ; TOD 410 ; TSV 200 ; TSZ 300 ; Geophysikalische Bohrlochmessungen ; Geothermik {Geophysik} ; Oberer Erdmantel {Geophysik} ; USA {Geophysik} ; Pazifischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 94 S.
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  • 47
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    Regional geoid determination (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TQH 000 ; TQA 000 ; TOF 000 ; Aerogeophysik ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 48 S.
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  • 48
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    Die Leitfähigkeitsstruktur der Zentralen Anden bei 21°S (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 116 S.
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  • 49
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    Frontale Akkretion und Verformungsaufteilung eines gebogenen Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtels (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 811 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 300 ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Bolivien und Paraguay {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 128 S.
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  • 50
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    Advanced algorithms of inversion of GPS radio limb sounding data (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 106 S.
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  • 51
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    Kombination regionaler magnetischer Vermessungen Europas zwischen 1955 und 1995 (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 538.78 ; 551 ; 550
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 102 S.
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  • 52
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    Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Abbildung krustaler Leitfähigkeitsstrukturen anhand von Magnetotellurikdaten aus Namibia (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TQD 000 ; TSR 000 ; VAE 814 ; VER 200 ; Elektrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Südafrika {Geophysik} ; Präkambrische Orogene {Geologie} ; Namibia {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 133 S.
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  • 53
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    About the influence of a possible relative rotation of the earth's inner core on the polar motion, the geomagnetic field and the gravity field (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; TOD 500 ; TOF 000 ; TOT 400 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde} ; Erdkern {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Magnetfeld der Erde im allgemeinen {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 15 S.
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  • 54
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    Lecture and exercise notes (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: lecture
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 675 S.
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  • 55
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    Seasonal oscillations in length-of-day (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 100 ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 8 S.
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  • 56
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    Polar motion at seasonal frequencies (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 9 S.
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  • 57
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    Radioholographic analysis of radioocculation data (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 39 S.
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  • 58
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    On the contribution of the Geodetic Institute Potsdam to the International Latitude Service (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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  • 59
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    Evaluierung geowissenschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Bedingungen für die Nutzung hydrogeothermaler Ressourcen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; ZHB 380 ; Geothermalfelder ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 70 S.
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  • 60
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    Erschließung sedimentärer Speichergesteine für eine geothermische Stromerzeugung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; Geothermalfelder
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 175 S.
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  • 61
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    Microfacies and isotope analyses of the varved Piànico lake sediment profile for high-resolution reconstruction of interglacial climate dynamics (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.792 ; 551 ; VAU 000 ; TWC 500 ; VKB 380 ; VKB 378 ; VBO 000 ; VEB 167 ; Paläolimnologie {Geologie} ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen ; Rhytmite {Sedimentologie} ; Isotopengeologie ; Westalpen {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 91 S.
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  • 62
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    Glacial isostatic adjustment and sea level change near Berkner Island, Antarctica (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The glacial-isostatic adjustment in Iceland resulting from the recent melting of the Vatnajökull ice cap is controlled by the viscosity distribution in the earth's interior and by the details of the melting history. Interpretations of the results of GPS and gravity measuring campaigns in the time interval 1991-2000 and 1992-1999, respectively, by means of laterally homogeneous earth models for the determination of the lithosphere thickness, the asthenosphere thickness and the asthenosphere viscosity have so far been not fully satisfactory. In particular near the ice margin, the fitting of the computed land uplift and gravity change to the observational data was inadequate, which may be related to the neglegt of the Iceland plume in the laterally homogeneous earth models. In the present study, a program package is used for the modelling of the land uplift and gravity change that allows the computation of load-induced perturbations of a Maxwell-viscoelastic, incompressible, self-gravitating, spherical earth model. To simulate the presence of the plume below the Vatnajökull, an axisymmetric viscosity distribution is used, where the plume radius and the plume viscosity are free parameters. Based on seismic results, a 6-km-thick lithosphere is assumed above the plume, which thickens to 35 km in the peripheral region of the plume. The melting history of the Vatnajökull is founded on interpretations of geomorphological and climatological investigations and is simulated by a load co-axial with the plume with parabolic profile and time-dependent radius. The results of the modelling favour a plume radius of ~80 km and a plume viscosity of (0.3-1.0) x 10^{18} Pa s.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 20 S.
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  • 63
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    GPS data processing at GFZ for monitoring the vertical motion of global tide gauge benchmarks (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 300 ; TQI 000 ; UNH 100 ; Epirogenese {{Geologie}} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; GPS {Praktische Geodäsie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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  • 64
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    Theory of elastic waves (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 228 S.
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    On the relation of stress and deformation fields to natural and induced seismicity (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOH 530 ; VAE 200 ; VAE 130 ; Häufigkeit und Verbreitung von Erdbeben {Geophysik} ; Geodynamik der Lithosphäre {Geologie} ; Geomechanik
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Antarctic ice sheet expansions in the Middle Miocene and Pliocene (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This study focuses on the interactions between climate and ice sheets in order to obtain a better understanding of the processes involved. Two periods in the geological past are explored; the Middle Miocene and the mid-Pliocene. For both periods, foraminiferal oxygen-isotope records from deep-sea sediment cores as well as stratigraphical data, suggest a global sea-level lowering. The magnitude of these reductions in sea level indicate large-scale ice-sheet build-up. However, the origin of these events and even the geographic locations of the ice sheets, are still under discussion. The ice sheet-climate model developed in this study provides a tool to test some of the hypotheses brought forward to explain the ice-sheet expansion events. It describes the Antarctic ice sheet and is forced by a climate component based on energy and mass balances. Further more, the model computes the oxygen-isotopic composition of the ice-sheet, thereby providing the possibility to compare numerical results directly to deep-sea sediment records. Numerical experiments focus on the interactions between atmospheric CO2, temperature, ice volume (sea-level equivalent) and the isotopic composition of sea water...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.69 ; 551 ; 550 ; TWC 600 ; VAR 980 ; Paläoklimatologie ; Antarktis {Glazialgeologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 137 S.
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    Palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Tunisian carbonate platform margin (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Late BarremianLate Aptian interval was characterised by several major changes in the ocean/climate system related to the onset of the Mid-Cretaceous greenhouse world. North Africansedimentary deposits offer excellent archives of the ecological changes on the southern Tethyscontinental margin during this time interval. In the present phD thesis sedimentology, palaeontology,biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and geochemistry are combined to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental evolution and sea-level changes of the Tunisian carbonate platform margin.Respect is paid to major palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic events including the late Early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a) and two time intervals associated with widespread carbonate platform drowning in the early- and mid-Late Aptian. The last chapter deals with the cephalopod fauna of the platform margin. Results of the detailed regional investigations are compared to global marine palaeoenvironments and discussed in a broad geological context...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.77 ; 551 ; 550 ; TWC 600 ; VKB 372 ; VEN 130 ; VDH 300 ; Paläoklimatologie ; Karbonatische Sedimentgesteine ; Tunesien {Geologie} ; Kreide
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 160 S.
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  • 68
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    Enhanced analysis of stratified climate archives through upgrade of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Quadrupole to Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry? (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: ICP-MS, Time of Flight, laser ablation, solid and liquid samples, ice cores, Antarctica, mineral dust, trace element analysis. - The analysis of the inorganic composition of climatic archives provides proxies for climate reconstruction. For many applications commercially available inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-Q-MS) systems are used for investigations. One aim of this thesis was to test the laser ablation (LA)-ICP-Q-MS method for the analysis of different sample matrices (polar ice cores, bivalves, frozen lake sediment cores). The main limitation of LA-ICP-Q-MS measurements is the number of analysed isotopes, especially for point scan analysis of embedded particles in the ice matrix and the analysis of growth bands of bivalve shells. Analysing as many isotopes as possible is of interest to deduce e.g. the corresponding source region of embedded particles in the ice matrix. The quasi-simultaneous detection of several isotopes of transient signals is realised in ICP-Time of Flight-MS (ICP-TOF-MS) systems. The applicability of the newly developed ICP-TOF-MS system for ice core analysis in climatic research was explored in this thesis. With the present experimental setup the analysis of trace elements in ice core samples is only possible for liquid samples. The accuracy and precision compares to well established ICP-Q-MS systems. Using the Aridus II as sample introduction system the signal sensitivity was 2-10 times lower for the ICP-TOF-MS compared to ICP-Q-MS systems. Calibration studies and investigation of reference materials showed that the calibration range is limited to an order of magnitude of about 10exp4 to 10exp5 except for m/z ratios between 23 amu and 72 amu where it is even lower. The observed ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.6 ; VJA 240 ; TWC 100 ; TWC 500 ; VAR 980 ; Spektroskopische Verfahren {Geochemie} ; Instr. Ergebn. zu Klimaänderungen und Klimaschwankungen ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Antarktis {Glazialgeologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 185 S.
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    Data assimilation in a regional finite element sea-ice model for the Arctic (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Sea-ice, Finite Element Sea-Ice Model, Kalman Filter, Data Assimilation. - The Arctic region is sensitive to climate change. Since the Arctic sea-ice cover influences the surface heat budget of the Earth the observed sea-ice decline is seen as an indication of global warming. Furthermore, the dynamics of sea ice plays an important role for the sea-ice mass distribution in the Arctic, for the production of dense, cold, and salty water in the Arctic Ocean, which contributes to the thermohaline circulation, and also for the freshwater budget of the Nordic Seas. Thus, a realistic description of sea-ice motion is important to draw conclusions for the mass transport and sea-ice mass distribution. The Finite-Element Sea-Ice Model simulates the large-scale physical sea-ice processes like the sea-ice growth and circulation realistically. The model domain covers the entire Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas. Together with the Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (SEIK) Filter and remotely sensed sea-ice drift observations this sea-ice model is applied for data assimilation to investigate details of the sea-ice dynamics. So far, drift assimilation has been carried out to analyze and modify only the drift field with subsequent computation of the advection or redistribution of ice mass which corresponds more to the physical model behavior than a statistical analysis that the SEIK Filter provides. The sea-ice drift data assimilation with the SEIK Filter achieves drift modification and furthermore changes in the two other sea-ice variables concentration and thickness. The modifications of these "unobserved variables" (within the meaning of data assimilation) are validated and it is found that they are in good agreement for at least 2 months for the sea-ice thickness and even 4 months for the sea-ice concentration which is the longest period examined. The drift improvement is achieved due to the sea-ice concentration and ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 550 ; VAQ 990 ; VAQ 500 ; TVH 100 ; TOY 000 ; Meereis {Glaziologie} ; Gletscherbewegung und Gletscherschwankungen ; Wärme- und Strahlungshaushalt der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Energiebilanzen in der Geodynamik {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 141 S.
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  • 70
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    Crustal evolution of the submarine plateaux of New Zealand and their tectonic reconstruction based on crustal balancing (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Tectonics, marine geophysics, plate-tectonic reconstruction, new zealand, antarctica, seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection, Gondwana break-up. - The last supercontinent fell into pieces with the break-up of Gondwana. In this context, the separation of the microcontinent of New Zealand from Antarctica is a jigsaw puzzle of many pieces. Its parts lay at the convergent margin of East Gondwana, which changed into a divergent margin within a geologically short time. That is why the microcontinent of New Zealand experienced different tectonic regimes and phases of the Wilson cycle. Although it is a good object of investigation due to its changing history, remarkably little is known about the submerged parts of the microcontinent. Knowledge of the magmatic-tectonic development of the submarine plateaux such as Campbell Plateau and Chatham Rise will improve the understanding of the processes that led to the late Gondwana break-up, and, in turn, lead to better reconstructions of East Gondwana, as Zealandia is a key piece in plate-kinematic reconstructions of this part of Gondwana. The central part of this thesis deals with the separation process of Zealandia from Antarctica leading to an improved reconstruction of New Zealand with emphasis on the submarine plateaux. Bounty Trough separating Chatham Rise from Campbell Plateau, and the Great South Basin separating Campbell Plateau from the South Island are investigated with seismic refraction and reflection methods. They are interpreted jointly with magnetic and gravity data. The results of crustal thickness modelling based on satellite gravity data are combined with existing information about crustal thickness of Zealandia. With these data ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.136 ; 550 ; TST 000 ; Ozeanien {Geophysik} ; Pazifischer Ozean {Geophysik} ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Tektonik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Dinoflagellaten-Zysten als Paläoumweltindikatoren im Spätquartär des Europäischen Nordmeeres (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dinoflagellate cysts, paleoceanography, paleoenvironment, Late Quaternary, Norwegian-Greenland Sea. - Dinoflagellate cysts have been investigated in nine short sediment cores as well as two long sediment cores from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic to reconstruct the surface water paleoenvironment of the last climatic cycle and the Holocene. Holocene sea-surface temperatures and salinities during summer and winter and the extent of sea-ice cover were reconstructed. On the Rockall Plateau, higher cyst concentrations indicating favourable conditions and increased productivity only occur during parts of stage 5, 4-2, and the Holocene. Only sparse occurrences of dinocysts have been observed in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea before 10000 yr BP. Later, high abundances of O. centrocarpum and N. labyrinthus indicate the increased inflow of relatively warm Atlantic. A change in dominance of these species as well as a distinct increase in cyst concentrations marks the onset of the recent circulation system. In the Norwegian Sea, O. centrocarpum dominates the assemblages since about 7000 yr BP, while assemblages in the Iceland and the Greenland Sea are more complex due to the influence of different surface currents.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 560
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 72
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    Sediment dynamics of megaslides along the Svalbard continental margin and the relation to paleoenvironmental changes and climate history (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Slope stability, submarine slides, Svalbard, Arctic Ocean, Sophia Basin. - With increasing interest in slope stability issues on continental shelves the causes and trigger mechanism of submarine slides get more and more into the scientific focus. Within the ESF EUROMARGINS project 'Slope Stabilities on Europe's passive continental Margin' (SPACOMA) sediment dynamics of megaslides along the passive continental margin north of Svalbard have been investigated. The study concentrated on identification and sedimentological characterisation of megafailure events, their dating and interpretation in relation to paleoceanography and climate history of the Svalbard archipelago. Integrated interpretation of multibeam bathymetric, sediment-penetrating acoustic (PARASOUND) and seismic data shows a multiple slope failure on the northern European continental margin, north of Spitsbergen. One huge submarine slide has been identified which was first described by Cherkis et al. (1999) - the Yermak Slide (later named Hinlopen/Yermak Megaslide). The extent of the Hinlopen/Yermak Megaslide has been revised based on new acoustic and detailed bathymetric data. Details from the side's internal structure give evidence for one main slide event followed by repeated minor events. The first slide event occurred during MIS 3 around 30 cal. kyr. BP and was characterised by highly dynamic and rapid evacuation of ca. 1.250 kmÃÂđ of sediment from the lower to the upper part of the shelf slope. During this megaslide event, headwalls up to 1600 m have been created and ca. 1150 kmÃÂđ material from hemipelagic sediments and from the lower preexisting trough mouth fan has been entrained and transported into the semi-enclosed Sophia Basin. This megaslide was followed by a secondary evacuation of debris material to the Nansen Basin accomplished by funnelling of the debris through the Littke Channel between Polarstern Seamount and the adjacent continental slope. The main slide debris is overlain by a set of fining-upwards sequences as evidence for the associated suspension cloud and ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.307 ; 551.69 ; 551 ; Nordatlantische Polarinseln {Geologie} ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen ; Sonstige Sedimentationsprozesse ; Paläoklimatologie
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Retrieval of surface emissivity of sea ice and temperature profiles over sea ice from passive microwave radiometers (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Sea ice, surface emissivity, emitting layer temperature, temperature profile, microwave radiometry. - Polar regions play a key role in the global climate. The information on atmospheric parameters in these regions is sparse. Among the polar surfaces, sea ice varies in extent and physical properties with region and season and so does the surface emissivity. In the present study a method to retrieve the emissivity is applied over two selected regions in the Arctic, one covered by first-year ice and the other by multiyear ice and it investigates the application of them in the improvement of temperature profile retrieval ver sea ice. The retrieval of surface emissivity is done by combining simulated brightness temperatures with the satellite measured brightness temperature. In order to determine the surface emissivity of sea ice, the observations of the microwave instruments amsu (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit) and amsr-e (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer- Earth Observing System) are used. Determination of emissivity requires the knowledge of the temperature of the emitting layer. The penetration depth of microwaves in sea ice varies between millimeters and decimeters depending on the frequency and micro-physical structure. A year-round observation of temperature profiles of sea ice from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (sheba) campaign at a first-year and a multiyear ice site is used to derive a set of coefficients a and b to linearly relate ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.343 ; VAQ 990 ; VAQ 100 ; Meereis {Glaziologie} ; Gletscheruntersuchungen im Allgemeinen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Reconstruction of oceanic currents and climate change in the Transkei Basin, South African gateway (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Reflection seismics, sediment drifts, bottom currents. - The region south of South Africa has been a crucial gateway for large scale Thermohaline Circulations since late Eocene times. Here, three of the most important currents for maintaining the global heat exchange, namely the warm and surface related Agulhas Current (AC), and the cold and denser North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) as well as the Atlantic Bottom Water (AABW), flow around South Africa. Due to the special tectonic and geologic situation, a huge amount of the deep and bottom water masses that flow around South Africa have to pass the narrow Agulhas Passage, located between the South African continental shelf and the submarine Agulhas Plateau. As a result, the sedimentary infill of the Transkei Basin, which is located east of the Agulhas Plateau, has been predominantly influenced by NADW and AABW activity since ~36 Ma. Via the analysis of this sedimentary infill, a palaeo current reconstruction of (proto-) NADW and (proto-) AABW revealed changing flow paths and flow strengths since then. These variations in current attributes were triggered by large scale effects, such as the opening of the Tasman Gateway and the Drake Passage in the Late Eocene, or the closure of the Isthmus of Panama in the Pliocene. A more detailed analysis of the Transkei Basin's depocentre locations and interface outlines resulted in a palaeo flow path reconstruction for this region. Moreover, palaeo climate conditions from the Late Cretaceous were partially reconstructed ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.462 ; 551.69 ; 550 ; TSZ 100 ; Atlantischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Deformation microstructures (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ice, microstructures, subgrain boundaries, recrystallization, flow, deformation. - The primary objective of this thesis is the investigation of microstructures obtained from samples from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core from Antarctica. The goal is to gain understanding of deformation processes an deformation-related recrystallization mechanisms using these structures. The structures are visualized with the new microstructure mapping method using the preferred sublimation along defect regions in the crystal. This method enables observation in high resolution as well as overview over a significant sample volume. In order to provide unambiguous proof of their deformational origin and to offer interpretation and characterization, experimental reproduction of the microstructural features are performed using creep tests. Subgrain boundaries and grain-boundary morphology are identified as the most direct effects of deformation and recrystallization processes, which are still easily observable. They can be used additionally to the conventional parameters (grain size, crystal-orientation distribution) to determine these mechanisms. Different sbugrain-boundary types observed in experimentally deformed samples as well as in natural ice indicate several formation processes. Results obtained from this new and novel data suggest a profound reconsideration of the classical tripartition of recrystallization regimes described in the literature in ice sheets. Instead, dynamic recrystallization in two of its forms (rotation recrystallization and strain-induced migration recrystallization) dominates the microstructure evolution in all depth regions of the EDML ice core. Results of systematic microstructure analysis of creep-test samples demonstrate ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.312 ; 548.842 ; 551 ; 550 ; VAE 140 ; VAQ 100 ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Gletscheruntersuchungen im Allgemeinen
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 129 S.
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    Atmospheric parameter retrieval from UV-vis-NIR limb scattering measurements (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The hyperspectral UV-vis-NIR spectrometer SCIAMACHY will be launched aboard the European satellite Envisat. Its limb measurements will provide vertically resolved profiles of trace gases and other atmospheric parameters. No retrieval algorithms and radiative transfer models have been established for these measurements yet.In this thesis, a unique, fast radiative transfer model for UV-vis-NIR limb radiances has been developed, implemented, and validated. It takes into account the sphericity of the atmosphere and up to two orders of scattering and surface reflection. The weighting functions for all parameters are calculated from analytical formulae. A realistic instrument model with field-of-view integration and signal-to-noise computation and retrieval algorithms have also been implemented. All have been combined in the new program package SCIARAYS. The package has been applied for the characterisation of the limb measurements in several ways:The simulated weighting functions agree well with those due to full multiple scattering. Thus they may be used to calculate theoretical precision estimates and averaging kernels. In conformance with this, test retrievals with approximate weighting functions converge correctly. Therefore, the approximate weighting functions of SCIARAYS are well suited for retrievals from SCIAMACHYś limb measurements.Detailed theoretical retrieval precisions have been calculated for SCIAMACHYś trace gas targets. The conclusion is that a UV-vis-NIR limb sensor like SCIAMACHY is well suited for studying the vertical structure of the stratosphere and also of the upper troposphere above cloud top.Further investigations show that the vertical resolution of retrievals from SCIAMACHYś limb measurements can be improved beyond its geometrical limits. As a trade-off for better vertical resolution, the retrieval precision gets worse. Thus O3 profile features with 1km vertical extent will be detectable with a precision of 20-30%.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550.28 ; 550 ; TUA 850 ; TQI 000 ; TVA 210 ; Satellitenmeteorologie ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 247 S.
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    Sedimentologie, Faziesarchitektur und Faziesentwicklung des kontinentalen Rotliegenden im Nordostdeutschen Becken (NEDB) (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VDG 810 ; VKB 340 ; VEB 110 ; Unter-Perm ; Fazieskunde ; Norddeutsche Senke {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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    Geothermische Technologieentwicklung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; ZHB 380 ; VRG 000 ; TOO 000 ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik} ; Geothermalfelder ; Geothermik {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 110 S.
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  • 79
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    Der Wärmetransport in kristallinen Gesteinen unter den Bedingungen der kontinentalen Kruste (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
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  • 80
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    Geographie, Raum und geographische Informationssysteme (2010)
    Univ. Bremen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: GIS, Geoinformatik, Spatial Theory, Face Intersection, Polygon Clipping, Diagramatic Reasoning. - A Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to handle, analyse and visualize ‘facts’ of the ‘real world’. These ‘facts’ are assumed to be spatial in the sense that they are located at the earth’s surface. The first chapter outlines that the recent success of applied GIS is based on this ‘real world’ approach, which conforms to the tradition of geography as a scientific discipline. While most GIS-applications are pragmatically oriented in solving ‘real-world-problems’, each attempt to implement ‘spatial theories’ of GIS ends up in the well known geographical dilemma ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 910 ; QBD 700 ; Geoinformationssysteme {Geographie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 162 S.
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  • 81
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    Zur Bestimmung des cm-Geoids und dessen zeitlicher Variationen mit GRACE (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOF 000 ; TQA 000 ; TQI 000 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 141 S.
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  • 82
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    Geothermisches Heizwerk Neustadt-Glewe (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; ZHB 380 ; Geothermische Energie {Energietechnik}
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 206 S.
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  • 83
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    Analyse der Mechanik des Makran Akkretionskeils mit Hilfe der Finiten und der Diskreten Elemente Methode sowie analoger Sandexperimente (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 130 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 120 ; VEI 700 ; Geomechanik ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Iran {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 159 S.
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  • 84
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    Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Hill-Gleichungen für die Schwerefeldbestimmung (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 521.1 ; 550 ; TOF 000 ; TQA 000 ; TJ 900 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Einzelne Weltraumprojekte
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 85
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    Geowissenschaftliche Bewertungsgrundlagen zur Nutzung hydrogeothermaler Ressourcen in Norddeutschland (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; TOO 000 ; Geothermalfelder ; Geothermik {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 150 S.
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  • 86
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    Hydrogeothermale Anlagen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 72 S.
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  • 87
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    Angebotspotential der Erdwärme sowie rechtliche und wirtschaftliche Aspekte der Nutzung hydrothermaler Ressourcen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VRG 000 ; VBV 000 ; Geothermalfelder ; Nationales und internationales Recht in der Geologie
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 95 S.
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  • 88
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    In-situ Geothermielabor Groß Schönebeck 2000/2001 (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOO 000 ; VBL 500 ; TQG 000 ; VEB 213 ; Geothermik {Geophysik} ; Geologische Bohrungen in einzelnen Regionen ; Geophysikalische Bohrlochmessungen ; Brandenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt & Mecklenburg-Vorpommern {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 190 S.
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  • 89
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    3-D-Lokalbebentomographie der südlichen Anden zwischen 36° und 40° S (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die südlichen Anden sind Teil des aktiven Kontinentalrandes von Südamerika, der durch eine Kombination subduktionsgebundener Prozesse gebildet wurde. Die andine Gebirgskette erstreckt sich über den gesamten südamerikanischen Kontinent, variiert jedoch merklich in Höhe und Krustenmächtigkeit. Während die Zentralen Anden, vor allem auch die tieferen Strukturen bis in den oberen Mantel, vergleichsweise gut erforscht sind (SFB267), ist über den geophysikalischen Aufbau der südlichen Anden bisher relativ wenig bekannt. Aus diesem Grund wurde das seismische Experiment ISSA2000 in den südlichen Anden durchgeführt. In dieser Arbeit wurde mithilfe der Methode der lokalen Erdbebentomographie ein 3-D Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeitstruktur erstellt. Die gleichzeitig durchgeführte Lokalisierung der registrierten Erdbeben, ergibt darüberhinaus ein detailliertes Bild der Verteilung der Seismizität im Untersuchungsgebiet. Im Rahmen des ISSA2000-Experimentes wurde ein seismologisches Netzwerk mit 62 Seismographen betrieben, das die Subduktionszone von der Küste bis in den backarc zwischen 36ʿ und 40ʿS überdeckt. Die Hypozentren der 440 lokalen Erdbeben zeigen eine ~30ʿ geneigte Wadati-Benioff-Zone mit kontinuierlicher Seismizität bis in 120km Tiefe, die vereinzelt bis in 200km Tiefe zu beobachten ist. Sowohl die generell geringe Seismizität im Untersuchungsgebiet als auch die geringe Tiefenerstreckung der Wadati-Benioff-Zone u.a. im Vergleich zu den Zentralen Anden sowie die Konzentration der mitteltiefen Erdbeben in 60km Tiefe, spiegeln wahrscheinlich den Einfluß des jungen Alters und des damit verbundenen hohen thermischen Zustandes der Nazca-Platte auf das Subduktionsregime wider. Das tomographische Vp Modell zeigt zum ersten Mal die Geschwindigkeitsstruktur der südlichen Anden bis in eine Tiefe von 100km. Die Nazca-Platte ist durch die Lage der Erdbeben definiert und durch hohe Vp Geschwindigkeiten gekennzeichnet (7,2-8,3km/s). Die durchschnittlichen Geschwindigkeiten in der kontinentalen Kruste sind im gesamten Vp Modell relativ hoch (5,5-6,5km/s) ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 137 S.
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  • 90
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    Modelling and interpretation of global lithospheric magnetic anomalies (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: After a gap of nearly two decades since the Magsat mission in 1980, the dedicated low-orbit potential field mission CHAMP is now in the third of its seven year mission. Already, the new magnetic total intensity and vector data have yielded maps of the global crustal field of unprecedented accuracy and resolution. Here, we assess the value of these maps to infer deep crustal structure of regions overlain by younger cover. A GIS based modelling technique has been developed to model the various geological units of the continents starting from the geological map of the world. Depending upon the known rock types of the region, they are assigned a standard susceptibility value and using the global seismic crustal structure, a vertically integrated susceptibility (VIS) model is computed at each point of the region. Starting with this initial VIS model, the vertical field anomaly is computed at a satellite altitude of 400 km and compared with the corresponding CHAMP vertical field anomaly map. The first comparison is carried out against a model using the lateral extent of a cratonic region as given by published tectonic maps. In the subsequent modelling step, depending upon the extent of the observed anomaly pattern of that region, the surface geology is extended beneath the sediments until the recomputed map fits the observed magnetic anomaly map. Here, we focus on modelling results for the selected few provinces of the world where the initial model does not agree with the observed anomaly map. Similar modelling of CHAMP satellite magnetic anomalies can constrain the subsurface structure hidden by Phanerozoic cover in many parts of the world.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOD 200 ; TOT 330 ; TOT 100 ; TQI 000 ; TQB 000 ; Erdkruste {Geophysik} ; Anomalien {Geophysik: Erdmagnetismus} ; Methodik {Geophysik: Erdmagnetismus} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; Erdmagnetische Verfahren {Geophysik}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 137 S.
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  • 91
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    Entwicklung eines optisch-gepumpten Skalar-Magnetometers mit hoher Langzeitkonstanz am GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 39 S.
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  • 92
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    Seasonal variations in length of day and atmospheric-angular-momentum (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 30 S.
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  • 93
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    Retrieval of earthquake source parameters in inhomogeneous anisotropic media with application to swarm events in West Bohemia in 2000 (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 190 S.
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  • 94
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    Teleseismic tomographic images of the Central Andes at 21°S and 25.5°S (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VEX 100 ; VAE 811 ; TSX 100 ; TQC 200 ; Anden {Geologie} ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Anden {Geophysik} ; Prospektionsseismik {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 139 S.
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  • 95
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    Fracture toughness determination and micromechanics of rock under Mode I and Mode II loading (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VAE 140 ; VBP 500 ; VBP 200 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Bodenmechanik, Erdbaumechanik, Baugrunddynamik ; Ingenieurgeologische Bewertung von Gesteinen als Baugrund und Baustoff
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 95,S.
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  • 96
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    Reproduzierbarkeit und Auflösungsvermögen faseroptischer Temperaturmessungen für Bohrlochanwendungen (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 54 S.
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    Atmospheric, oceanic and hydrological contributions to seasonal variations in length of day (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TVI 000 ; Jahreszeiten als meteorologische Erscheinung
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 16 S.
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    Interannual variations in length-of-day and atmospheric-angular-momentum with respect to ENSO cycles (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TVI 000 ; TM 600 ; Jahreszeiten als meteorologische Erscheinung ; Grenzgebiete. Beziehungen. Einflüsse. Wirkungen {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 17 S.
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    Seasonal length of day changes and atmospheric angular momentum oscillations in their temporal variability (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 100 ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 43 S.
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  • 100
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    Modellierung der allgemeinen ozeanischen Dynamik zur Korrektur und Interpretation von Satellitendaten (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBJ 000 ; Satellitenbildgeologie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 113 S.
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