ALBERT

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 125〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ahmet Hilmi Deringöl, Esra Mete Güneyisi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study investigates the influence of the friction pendulum bearing (FPB) isolator characteristics on the nonlinear response of the buildings under various seismic excitations. To represent a wide range of assessment, 3, 6, and 9-storey steel framed buildings with twenty seven different isolation models of FPB were studied by identifying the local and global deformations. Three important parameters such as isolation period T (as 2, 2.5, and 3 s), effective damping ratio ß (as 0.05, 0.15, 0.25), and yield strength ratio Fy/W (as 0.025, 0.05, and 0.10) were used in the modelling of FPB. Two-dimensional model of the base-isolated steel frames were created and the nonlinear time history analysis was performed through a number of earthquake ground motions. The behaviour of the isolated frames was measured by the variation of isolator displacement, roof drift ratio, relative displacement, interstorey drift ratio, absolute acceleration, base shear, base moment, hysteretic curve, and dissipated energy. The benefits obtained through the adoption of the base isolation system were discussed. It was found that the seismic response of the base-isolated frames could be estimated accurately by adjusting the proper isolation period, yield strength ratio, and effective damping ratio for the case studied structures.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 125〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jinbao Yao, Rutao Zhao, Nan Zhang, Dujuan Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉An in-filled trench barrier is usually used to reduce the damages from train-induced environmental vibrations. To find the vibration isolation effect of an in-filled trench barrier, this paper analyses the reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients of the Rayleigh wave at the interface between in-filled trenches and the soil. In our calculation formulas of ground vibrations, a single point and a single frequency excitation, as well as multi-point and multi-frequency excitation, are simultaneously derived in a soil-in-filled-trench system.〈/p〉 〈p〉Using these formulas and a numerical analysis, the effects of an in-filled trench barrier on the environmental vibrations induced by running trains are analyzed. The results show that the reflection coefficients increase, while the transmission coefficients decrease, with the density and elastic modulus of the in-filled material. The vibration isolation effect is clearly better than that without trenches. In a certain width range, the transmission coefficient and vertical acceleration levels decrease with the increase of trench width. The influences of the transmission coefficient and the vibration isolation effects are not clear with the trenches’ depth variation. The vertical vibrations of the ground pick-up point are all smaller than those without in-filled trenches.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 125〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Benshun Shao, Stephen A. Mahin, Victor Zayas〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉By interpreting the seismic responses of two seismically isolated low-rise case-study buildings probabilistically using FEMA P695 methodology, the study indicates for the design of seismically isolated structures, providing isolator capacities equal to risk-targeted maximum considered earthquake (MCE〈sub〉R〈/sub〉) demand does not achieve targeted levels of reliability specified in ASCE 7–16. To do so, isolation system capacities beyond average MCE〈sub〉R〈/sub〉 demand are required. The minimum required capacities for using three types of enhanced isolation system (isolator without displacement restraint, isolator combined with external hard-stopping mechanism, and isolator with internal stiffening behavior at large horizontal displacement) are calculated with nonlinear response history analysis following probabilistic framework for different design risk categories numerically. The results indicate that isolator displacement capacities ranging from 1.5 to 2.60 times the average MCE〈sub〉R〈/sub〉 demand and isolation system shear capacities ranging from 1.5 to 5 times the average MCE〈sub〉R〈/sub〉 demand are required, depending on seismic risk categories and isolation system types. The use of an isolator with internal stiffening behavior is an efficient option to provide the required capacities for achieving reliability goals, especially for high risk-category design.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 8 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 European Journal of Operational Research〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): K.T. Huynh〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We are interested in the stochastic modeling of a condition-based maintained system subject to continuous deterioration and maintenance actions such as inspection, partial repair and replacement. The partial repair is assumed dependent on the past in the sense that it cannot bring the system back into a deterioration state better than the one reached at the last repair. Such a past-dependency can affect (〈em〉i〈/em〉) the selection of a type of maintenance actions, (〈em〉ii〈/em〉) the maintenance duration, (〈em〉iii〈/em〉) the deterioration level after a maintenance, and (〈em〉iv〈/em〉) the restarting system deterioration behavior. In this paper, all these effects are jointly considered in an unifying condition-based maintenance model on the basis of restarting deterioration states randomly sampled from a probability distribution truncated by the deterioration levels just before a current repair and just after the last repair/replacement. Using results from the semi-regenerative theory, the long-run maintenance cost rate is analytically derived. Numerous sensitivity studies illustrate the impacts of past-dependent partial repairs on the economic performance of the considered condition-based maintained system.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 8 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Remote Sensing of Environment〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Julie A. Fortin, Jeffrey A. Cardille, Elijah Perez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The ongoing march toward freely available, highly pre-processed satellite imagery has given both researchers and the public unprecedented access to a vast and varied data stream teeming with potential. Among many sources, the multi-decade Landsat archive is certainly the best known, but legacy and current data from other sensors is available as well through the USGS data portals: these include CBERS, ASTER, and more. Though the particular band combinations or non-global missions have made their integration into analyses more challenging, these data, in conjunction with the entire Landsat record, are available to contribute to multi-decade surveys of land-cover change.〈/p〉 〈p〉With the goal of tracing forest change through time near the Roosevelt River in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, we used BULC and Google Earth Engine to fuse information from 13 space-borne imagers capturing 140 images spanning 45 years. With high accuracy, the resulting time series of classifications shows the timing and location of land-use/land-cover change—both deforestation and regrowth—at sub-annual time scales. Accuracy estimates showed that the synthesized BULC classification time series was better than nearly all of the single-day image classifications, covering the entire study area at sub-annual frequency while reducing the impact of clouds and most unwanted noise as it fused information derived from a wide array of imaging platforms. The time series improved and gradually sharpened as the density of observations increased in recent decades, when there were three or more clear, higher-resolution views of a pixel annually from any sensor combination. In addition to detailing the methodology and results of multi-source data fusion with the BULC approach, this study raises timely points about integrating information from early satellite data sources and from sensors with footprints smaller than Landsat's. There are decades of research deriving sensor-specific techniques for classifying land use and land cover from a single image in a variety of settings. The BULC approach leverages the many successes of single-sensor research and can be used as a straightforward, complementary tool for blending many good-quality mapped classifications from disparate sources into a coherent, high-quality time series.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Applied Mathematics Letters, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yujuan Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, we investigate a cooperative parabolic system 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉u〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉t〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mi〉Δ〈/mi〉〈mi〉u〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mi〉u〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉λ〈/mi〉〈mo〉−〈/mo〉〈mi〉u〈/mi〉〈mo〉+〈/mo〉〈mi〉b〈/mi〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉t〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mi〉Δ〈/mi〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉μ〈/mi〉〈mo〉−〈/mo〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈mo〉+〈/mo〉〈mi〉c〈/mi〉〈mi〉u〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 with blow-up initial and boundary values over a smooth bounded domain 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mi〉Ω〈/mi〉〈/math〉 of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉R〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉N〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉 with 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉N〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≥〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. We show existence, nonexistence and uniqueness of solutions. We also provide an exact estimate of the behavior of the solutions near the parabolic boundary.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 154〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Adriana Camacho, Emily Conover〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Small-scale farmers in developing countries often make production and sale decisions based on imprecise, informal, and out-of-date sources of information, such as family, neighbors, or tradition. Lack of timely and accurate information on climate and prices can lead to inefficiencies in the production, harvesting, and commercialization of agricultural products, which in turn can affect farmers’ revenues and well-being. We did a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) experiment with 500 small-scale farmers in a rural area of Colombia where there is nearly full mobile phone usage and coverage. Treated farmers received around 8 text messages per week with prices in the main markets for crops grown in the region, and customized weather forecasts. Compared to a control group, we find that treated farmers were more likely to report that text messages provide useful information for planting and selling, and more likely to always read their messages, indicating an increase in appreciation and use of this type of technology. We also found heterogeneous effects by farmer size. Smaller farmers try to make use of the intervention by planting more crops for which they have price information. Larger farmers seek new markets and increase conversations with other producers. Despite these positive effects, we do not find a significant difference in farmers reporting a price, price differential with the market price, or sale prices received. Our results indicate that farmers are amenable to learning and using new technologies, but that the introduction of these technologies do not always translate into short-run welfare improvements for them. Given the increased interest in incorporating information and communication technologies into agriculture, our findings indicate that prior to a large-scale implementation it is necessary to better understand what prevents farmers from more directly profiting from this new information.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 232〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yue Ma, Nan Xu, Jinyan Sun, Xiao Hua Wang, Fanlin Yang, Song Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Currently, 〈em〉in-situ〈/em〉 data and the time duration of altimeter data are limitations in calculating the water level and water volume of lakes and reservoirs from remotely sensed data. A novel method is proposed to estimate the temporal change in water levels and water volumes for lakes with only remotely sensed data. First, the surface profiles, including the ground and the underwater bottom, were extracted from the MABEL (Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar) photon-counting lidar raw data via a new surface detecting algorithm. Second, the lake boundaries between land and water in different years were identified using a thresholding method based on the annual median Landsat composite. Third, water levels were calculated by matching the lidar surface profiles with the lake boundaries based on the nearby georeferenced coordinates. Finally, the water volumes in different years were estimated via the contours (i.e., lake boundaries) with different elevations. Lake Mead was selected as the study area, which is the largest reservoir in the United States in terms of water capacity. With only one day measuring lidar points in February 2012 and over 20 years of Landsat images (from 1987 to 2007), the water levels and water volumes in different years were estimated and compared with the 〈em〉in-situ〈/em〉 data. Our results performed well in accordance with the 〈em〉in-situ〈/em〉 measurements; the R-square of the water levels and water volumes were both over 0.99; the RMSE of the interannual variations of water levels and water volumes were 0.96 m and 0.31 km〈sup〉3〈/sup〉, respectively. The MABEL was used as a technology demonstrator for the satellite photon-counting laser altimeter and had similar data to the ICESat-2 dataset. Future ICESat-2 datasets will broaden this method to estimate water volumes for remote lakes from the 1980s, where no 〈em〉in-situ〈/em〉 data are available (such as the Tibetan Plateau and polar regions with thousands of remote and wild lakes), which could not be achieved in previous studies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 50〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhengrong Li, Haowei Xing, Godfried Augenbroe〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Although there have been numerous studies on the evaluation of models that estimate sky diffuse radiation on inclined surfaces, it is still difficult for investigators to select from available sky diffuse radiation models for urban microclimate and building performance simulation. This is due to the fact that results from different studies are not consistent, or even contradictive, which indicates the fact that the evaluation criterion itself has a great effect on the performance of the model.〈/p〉 〈p〉To explore the effect of different evaluation criteria on the performance rating of the models, four evaluation methods are applied in this paper: diffuse irradiance on facades with respect to sky condition, diffuse irradiance on facades with respect to orientation, diffuse irradiance distribution among sky dome with respect to sky condition and diffuse irradiance on buildings in obstructed environment. Based on a statistical test on available data, Igawa model is considered to be the most accurate and appropriate model for urban and building energy simulation. Besides, an evaluation criterion appropriate for screening sky diffuse models for urban and building energy simulation is proposed. Furthermore, potential errors that may occur in the measurement and the corresponding quality control is presented.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jinglei Yang, Zhuang Lin, Ping Li, Zhiqun Guo, Hanbing Sun, Dongmei Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The partial air cushion supported catamaran (PACSCAT) is a novel surface effect ship (SES) and possesses distinctive resistance performance due to the presence of planing bottom. In this paper, the design of PACSCAT and air cushion system are described in detail. Model tests were carried out for Froude numbers ranging from 0.1 to 1.11, the focus is on the influence of air cushion system on resistance characteristics. Drag-reducing effect of air cushion system was proved by means of contrast tests in cuhionborne and non-cushionborne mode. Wave-making characteristics reflect that the PACSCAT would eventually enter planing regime, in which the air could just escape under the seals and the hull body could operate in a steady state. To acquire different air cushion pressure, air flow rate and leakage height were adjusted during tests. Experimental results show that the resistance performance in planing regime would decrease evidently as the increased air flow rate, however, the scheme with medium leakage height presents the best resistance performance in the hump region.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soils and Foundations〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Toshihiro Noda, Tomohiro Toyoda〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Most soil–water coupled analyses of saturated soil are based on the 〈strong〉〈em〉u〈/em〉〈/strong〉–〈em〉p〈/em〉 formulation, where a set of equations is reduced by assuming that the acceleration of the fluid phase relative to that of the solid phase is less than that of the solid phase. Therefore, this analysis cannot be used for a coupled analysis with dynamic water flow in highly permeable soil. This study aims to present a soil–water coupled finite deformation analysis method based on full formulation, or 〈strong〉〈em〉u〈/em〉〈/strong〉–〈strong〉〈em〉w〈/em〉〈/strong〉–〈em〉p〈/em〉 formulation. This method differs from conventional methods in the following ways: (1) the governing equations explicitly include the equation of motion for the fluid phase, (2) a relative convective term is used to describe a change in the relative configuration between the two phases, and (3) the moving/inclined discharge boundary is directly implemented to the discretized governing equations. Herein, one/two dimensional seepage and plane-strain deformation analysis results are reported. In the seepage analysis, accelerating permeation of pore water is obtained and the undrained constraint condition is verified. In the deformation analysis, dynamic migration in a high permeable soil specimen, i.e., wave propagation and rotational flow of pore water, is observed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Volume 24〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Johnson U. Kitheka〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Study region〈/h6〉 〈p〉This study was undertaken in the Athi-Sabaki river basin in Kenya in East Africa.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Study focus〈/h6〉 〈p〉The study focused on the determination of the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes. This involved monitoring of river discharge and river salinity in the period between 2012 and 2018.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉New hydrological insights〈/h6〉 〈p〉: This study demonstrates that Athi-Sabaki river discharges significant quantity of salt to the sea. There are significant seasonal and inter-annual variations in salt fluxes that are due to variations in river discharge and rainfall in the basin. The relationship between streamflow variations and variations of salinity in the river was inverse with highest salinity concentrations and fluxes occurring during low flow conditions. The river salinity and TDS concentrations decreased with an increase in river discharge due to dilution effect and flushing of salt from the river. The highly polluted sub-basins draining through the City of Nairobi exhibited relatively higher salinity and salt fluxes as compared to non-polluted ones draining rural areas. The total salt flux in the basin ranged between 29 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 and 261 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 tons year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. The relatively high salinity and salt fluxes were attributed to the discharge of wastewaters, seepage of groundwater and irrigation return flows. The study calls for water pollution control, sustainable irrigation and landuse practices in the basin.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soils and Foundations〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yiqun Tang, Siqi Xiao, Yangjie Zhan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉More and more excavation projects are being performed near existing buildings and structures due to large-scale urban construction, in which the excavation unavoidably causes settlement and potential danger to the surrounding construction and buildings. For linear traffic facilities parallel to the excavation, the settlement profile parallel to the excavation, namely, the settlement along the traffic line, should also be considered. Moreover, the precise control of the differential settlement along the traffic lines also plays a very important role. Thus, it is necessary to establish a quick prediction model, which is able to consider both vertical and parallel settlement profiles, using the basic information on the excavation. Based on the large amount of field data, the characteristics of the settlement profiles are analyzed. A simplified empirical method is proposed; it is established based on the Rayleigh and Gauss distribution functions for predicting the ground settlement along railways induced by an excavation. Meanwhile, back-propagation neural networks are also used to predict the settlement behavior. A comparison between the predicted results and the monitoring data is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. A good agreement indicates that the proposed method can be employed to predict the settlement along railways due to an adjacent excavation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 50〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): D. Koteswara Rao, D. Chandrasekharam〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Sustainable conservation of natural resources has become a primary concern for urban cities, globally as they are centers of consumption and economy. Due to population growth, cities depend more on imports of food, energy, water, and services from all over the globe, and consume more virtual water than direct water, because of their food habits and lifestyle. Most of the imported goods are water intensive and pose challenges in tracing the source of virtual water. The goal of this research is to develop a general framework to assess the water footprint (WF) of a typical city in India using existing databases. A consumer-centric approach has been adopted for assessing WF in Hyderabad Metro Development Area (HMDA). The variation of the WF across economic classes of consumers is also analyzed. The WF is estimated based on four broad categories: 1) food consumption, 2) fossil fuels based energy, 3) electric power, and 4) direct water. Average WF of HMDA region is 1041 m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/cap/year (2852 LPCD), in which 70% (1986 LPCD) of WF was consumed by food, 25% (744 LPCD) by electric power, only 4% (121 LPCD) is from direct water consumption and surprisingly the contribution from fossil fuel WF to total per capita WF of HMDA area is less than 1%.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Sustainable Cities and Society〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shuqin Chen, Xiyong Zhang, Shen Wei, Tong Yang, Jun Guan, Wenxiao Yang, Lijuan Qu, Yunqing Xu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Accurate grasp of district power demand is of great significance to both sizing of district power supply and its operation optimization. In this study, an index system has been established and visualized through a Geographic Information System, for revealing both temporal and spatial characteristics of district power loads caused by heating/cooling systems, including load level and fluctuation characteristics, spatial distribution of electric loads, and load coupling relationships between individual buildings and the district. Principal component analysis was applied to identify the buildings with significant impact on district load management. Using this method, the spatial-temporal characteristics of electric loads caused by heating in one university campus in China were analyzed. The results showed that building type and the operation modes had great effects on the level and volatility of the district electric load caused by heating. Buildings with high load levels and strong coupling with the peak district electric load, such as academic buildings, often had a major impact on the power demand of the district. Therefore, they were considered as key targets for energy-saving renovation and operation optimization. Buildings with large load fluctuation, such as teaching buildings, could contribute to the peak load shaving by adjusting the heating systems’ operation.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 50〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shuo-Jun Mei, Zhiwen Luo, Fu-Yun Zhao, Han-Qing Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Urban ventilation is important for building a healthy urban living environment. 2-D CFD simulation has been used widely for street canyon ventilation due to its high computational efficiency, but its applicability for a 3-D simulation has never been studied. This paper tried to answer the question: if and under what conditions, the widely-adopted 2-D CFD simulations on street canyon ventilation can represent a 3-D scenarios? 3-D simulations on street canyons with various street lengths and corresponding 2-D simulations are carried out with RNG 〈em〉k〈/em〉-〈em〉ε〈/em〉 model. Our study identified two important ventilation mechanism for controlling ventilation and dispersion in a 3-D street canyon, i.e., canyon vortex on the canyon top and the corner vortices at the street ends. The relative importance of these two driving forces will change with the street length/street width ratio (〈em〉B/W〈/em〉). For isolated street canyon, when 〈em〉B/W〈/em〉 is higher than 20 (for 〈em〉H/W〈/em〉 = 1) and 70 (〈em〉H/W〈/em〉 = 2), the street canyon ventilation will be dominated by canyon vortex, and 3-D street canyon ventilation could be simplified as a 2-D case. For multiple street canyon, the threshold of 〈em〉B/W〈/em〉 will become 20 when 〈em〉H/W〈/em〉 = 1, and 50 when 〈em〉H/W〈/em〉 = 2. The findings in this study could improve our approaches for simulating urban ventilation.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 50〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gaofeng Gu, Dujuan Yang, Tao Feng, Harry Timmermans〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The increasing shift of individuals to use new electric mobility tools like electric cars (EV) and electric bikes has changed household energy expenditure. It may also affect households’ investments in renewable energy equipment, i.e. solar panels, heat pumps. Relatively little research has been conducted on how the decision to purchase electric vehicles affects the decision to invest in home renewable energy equipment. This paper, therefore, aims to examine the effects of mobility tools decisions on the intention to invest in solar panels and heat pumps, based on the data collected through a stated choice experiment. A mixed logit model is estimated to capture unobserved heterogeneity among individuals. Results show that mobility tools significantly influence the choice of home renewable energy equipment. Households who prefer to purchase electric vehicles have a higher probability to invest in solar panels and heat pumps than households who prefer other mobility tools. In addition, EV adopters’ intention to invest in solar panels are stronger than the intention to invest in heat pumps. This suggests that electric vehicle users are likely the early adopters of solar panels.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 50〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Heictor Correia Maioli, Raíssa Corrêa de Carvalho, Denise Dumke de Medeiros〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The increase in population concentration in large cities is a trend in the world, which brings several problems. In the context of urban mobility, bicycle sharing systems deserve special mention due to the impact and growth worldwide. The dissemination and success of these systems are also linked to aspects related to quality in their provision. Thus, this paper aims to conduct a study in the context of bicycle sharing to help managers to stimulate the use of this service and contribute to the development of sustainable cities. The SERVPERF tool was adapted and used to assess the quality of bicycle sharing service, in addition to identify which aspects impact on users’ satisfaction. This approach is innovative since there is a gap in the literature about customer satisfaction analyzes and aspects related to the quality of bicycle sharing service. In this way, this study can contribute to the dissemination of this service and to the solution of urban mobility problems by identifying the aspects considered as most important for the customers and thus improving these aspects. Therefore, the bicycle sharing system may have the increasingly use and will help to reduce urban mobility problems.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Technological Forecasting and Social Change〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sorin M.S. Krammer, Alfredo Jiménez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We posit that the investments in political connections made by a firm in an emerging market will impact differently its propensity to introduce radical and incremental innovations. In addition, we argue that this effect will be moderated by alternate non-market firm strategies, such as bribery. Using a dataset of more than 9000 firms in 30 emerging economies from Eastern Europe and Central Asia we find that political connections increase the probability of radical innovation but have no significant impact on incremental innovation. Moreover, larger bribing reduces the positive impact of political connections on radical innovation. Our results confirm the importance of political connections for firm activities, but also caution firms on their heterogeneous impact on various types of innovations, and their detrimental interplay with other non-market strategies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Amit Agarwal, Dominik Ziemke, Kai Nagel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Bicycle is a sustainable low-carbon transport mode. However, insufficient or unplanned infrastructure leads to decrease in the share of bicycle in many cities of developing nations. In order to increase the bicycle share and to provide safer, faster and more direct routes, a bicycle superhighway is proposed for urban areas. This study identifies the potential of increase in the bicycle share. For maximum utilization of the new infrastructure, an algorithm is presented to identify the optimum number and locations of the connectors between proposed new infrastructure and existing network. Household income levels are incorporated into the decision making process of individual travellers for a better understanding of the modal shift. A real-world case study of Patna, India is chosen to show the application of the proposed superhighway. It is shown that for Patna, the bicycle share can escalate as high as 48% up from 32% by providing this kind of infrastructure. However, together with bicycles, allowing motorbikes on the superhighway limits the bicycle share to 44%. The increase in bicycle share is mainly a result of people switching from motorbike, public transport and walk to the bicycle. Further, to evaluate the benefits of the bicycle superhighway, this study first extends an emission modelling tool to estimate the time-dependent, vehicle-specific emissions under mixed traffic conditions. Allowing only bicyclists on the superhighway improves congested urban areas, reduces emissions, and increases accessibility. However, allowing motorbikes on the superhighway increases emissions significantly in the central part of the urban area and reduces accessibilities by bicycle mode to education facilities which are undesirable. This study elicits that a physically segregated high-quality bicycle superhighway will not only attract current non-cyclist travellers and increase the share of the bicycle mode, but will also reduce negative transport externalities significantly.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 European Journal of Operational Research〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shichen Zhang, Jianxiong Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nowadays, some suppliers are looking for offline expansion in addition to their preexisting online channels relying on e-tailers. This study focuses on the e-tailer’s demand information sharing strategy with the supplier who may build upon brick-and-mortar stores. Both prevailing agreements between the supplier and the e-tailer are investigated: agency selling and reselling. The equilibrium results are quite different under these two agreements. Specifically, when the supplier’s offline entry cost is very small or large, the e-tailer shares information under agency selling while keeps information private under reselling. When the entry cost is intermediate, channel substitution rate is large and information uncertainty is small, the e-tailer withholds the demand information under agency selling while shares information under reselling to deter the supplier from entering an offline channel. Furthermore, two extensions about consumer behavior in multichannel selection are discussed: showrooming and webrooming. With showrooming or webrooming, the e-tailer’s information sharing decisions qualitatively hold, while with showrooming the drive factor behind may change; that is, withholding information under agency selling and sharing information under reselling may also serve as measures to encourage supplier offline entry when the effect of showrooming is strong.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 125〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alireza Daneshyar, Mohsen Ghaemian〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A finite element model for seismic analysis of concrete arch dams is proposed. Material inelasticity as well as joints nonlinearity is considered. A damage-plastic formulation governs nonlinear behavior of concrete. Degeneration occurring during nonlinear behavior of concrete induces anisotropy into its microstructure. This anisotropy becomes more complex in seismic simulations, in which the state of stress expeditiously changes with time. Thus, anisotropic formulation is preferred over classical isotropic models. Utilizing rate-dependent anisotropic damage-plastic model, irreversible deformations, stiffness degeneration, induced anisotropy, closing/reopening of cracks, and viscous response of concrete are attained. Non-penetration condition, frictional behavior, and adhesion resulted by grouting of contraction and peripheral joints are also modeled in a coupled and rate-dependent manner. Different combinations of material and joints nonlinearities are used to model a system of dam-foundation-reservoir. The system is excited using three components of an earthquake, and effect of different sources of nonlinearities is investigated through comparison between results. In addition, capability of the anisotropic damage-plastic model is compared against an available isotropic formulation. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to investigate the effect of properties of joints on responses. Owing to high convergence rate of material and joints constitutive models, implicit time integration is employed, which leads to stable and accurate solutions.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 125〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongqiang Hu, Yu Huang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The spatial variability of soil properties has a significant effect on the seismic responses of sites. Considering that the probability density evolution method (PDEM), an efficient probabilistic methodology, has not been used in the probabilistic analysis with spatially variable soil properties before, the random field theory is incorporated to the traditional framework of PDEM to perform stochastic seismic response analysis of a soil profile. The stochastic seismic responses, including seismic deformation, surface ground motion, amplification factor and excess pore water pressure ratio, are obtained to quantify the effect of spatially variable soil properties. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses are also carried out to study the influence of spatial variability of different soil parameters and coefficients of variation on the ground motion in terms of probability density function. The results indicate that the random field model of shear modulus has a higher possibility of experiencing higher ground motion intensity than does friction angle.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 125〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Huiling Zhao, Yong Yuan, Zhiming Ye, Haitao Yu, Zhiming Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The stiffness distribution of an atrium subway station with zero buried depth spatially varies when columns in the first level underground are removed and lateral beams replace the middle part of the floor slabs. It is pertinent to the mechanism and effects of multidirectional ground shaking on such structures. In this paper, the response characteristics of an atrium subway station subjected to bidirectional ground motions in a shaking table test were presented. Under horizontal seismic shaking, the structure, without a soil cover, showed a non-negligible rocking mode coupled with the well-known racking of the structure. Under vertical seismic shaking, the lateral beams, without supporting columns, demonstrated an obvious bending vibration associated with an overall up and downward movement. Overall, the horizontal component contributed more to dynamic response of the structure than the vertical component.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alwin Keil, Archisman Mitra, Amit K. Srivastava, Andrew McDonald〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Sustainable intensification (SI) approaches to agricultural development are urgently needed to meet the growing demand for crop staples while protecting ecosystem services and environmental quality. However, SI initiatives have been criticized for neglecting social welfare outcomes. A recent review found that better-off farmers benefitted disproportionately from SI and highlighted the dearth of studies assessing the equity of outcomes. In this study, we explore the social inclusiveness of zero-tillage (ZT) wheat adoption in Bihar, India. ZT is a proven SI technology for enhancing wheat productivity while boosting profitability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural machinery in the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plains. With an average landholding size of 0.39 ha, most farmers in Bihar depend on custom-hiring services to access the technology. While service provision models should foster inclusive growth by reducing financial barriers to technology adoption, early evidence suggested that smallholders remained at a disadvantage. Building on this previous research, we use a panel dataset from 961 wheat-growing households that spans a six-year period to analyze ZT adoption dynamics over time while accounting for the role of social networks and access to service provision. Using a heckprobit approach to correct for non-exposure bias, we compare determinants of ZT awareness and use in 2012 and 2015. We apply a multinomial logit model to identify determinants of early adoption, recent adoption, non-adoption, and dis-adoption. Furthermore, we explore the quality of ZT services as an additional dimension of socially-inclusive technology access. We find that the strong initial scale bias in ZT use declined substantially as awareness of the technology increased and the service economy expanded. Land fragmentation replaced total landholding size as a significant adoption determinant, which also affected the quality of ZT services received. Hence, farmers with small but contiguous landholdings appear to have gained a significant degree of access over time. We conclude that early-stage assessments of SI may be misleading, and that private sector-based service provision can contribute to socially inclusive development outcomes as markets mature.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 125〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hector Guerrero, Vladimir Rodriguez, J. Alberto Escobar, Sergio M. Alcocer, Felipe Bennetts, Manuel Suarez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the reinforced concrete (RC) precast industry there is great concern about the seismic behavior of connections that emulate monolithic ones. Therefore, an experimental program was developed to examine the seismic performance of a particular RC precast connection type frequently used in industrial applications in comparison to monolithic connections. Tests were conducted on full scale. This paper presents and discusses the main results. Comparisons of a benchmark monolithic connection and six precast beam-column joints are presented. Precast connections were fabricated using different detailing, various levels of joint confinement, and post-tensioning. Test results are compared in terms of strength and deformation capacity, energy dissipation, and stiffness degradation. A relation between effective beam stiffness and inter-storey drift is found and compared to cracked stiffness modification factors recommended by design codes. Two effective stiffness models for reinforced concrete beams are proposed. Conclusions relevant to the precast construction industry have been formulated. Results show an acceptable performance of the tested precast system for seismic applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chiara Ravetti, Mare Sarr, Daniel Munene, Tim Swanson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper analyses the ways in which ethnic identity and labour institutions shape favouritism and discrimination among workers. We conduct a lab experiment in the field with South African coal miners from various ethnic groups and with different trade union membership status. Our analysis suggests that union identity and ethnic identity are two social constructs that operate in a distinct and opposite fashion. Unionization acts as a factor of workers solidarity beyond the confine of union membership. Conversely, ethnicity operates as the linchpin through which discrimination among workers is infused not only between ethnic majority and minorities, but also within the majority group itself. We find that the widespread practice of subcontracting in the mining sector exacerbates ethnic discrimination among workers both between and within ethnic groupings.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vanesa Jordá, Miguel Niño-Zarazúa〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Despite the growing interest in global inequality, assessing inequality trends is a major challenge because individual data on income or consumption is not often available. Nevertheless, the periodic release of certain summary statistics of the income distribution has become increasingly common. Hence, grouped data in form of income shares have been conventionally used to construct inequality trends based on lower bound approximations of inequality measures. This approach introduces two potential sources of measurement error: first, these estimates are constructed under the assumption of equality of incomes within income shares; second, the highest income earners are not included in the household surveys from which grouped data is obtained. In this paper, we propose to deploy a flexible parametric model, which addresses these two issues in order to obtain a reliable representation of the income distribution and accurate estimates of inequality measures. This methodology is used to estimate the recent evolution of global interpersonal inequality from 1990 to 2015 and to examine the effect of survey under-coverage of top incomes on the level and direction of global inequality. Overall, we find that item non-response at the top of the distribution substantially biases global inequality estimates, but, more importantly, it might also affect the direction of the trends.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ben Siegelman, Nora Haenn, Xavier Basurto〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper relates how fishermen in San Evaristo on Mexico’s Baja peninsula employ fabrications to strengthen bonds of trust and navigate the complexities of common pool resource extraction. We argue this trickery complicates notions of social capital in community-based natural resource management, which emphasize communitarianism in the form of trust. Trust, defined as a mutual dependability often rooted in honesty, reliable information, or shared expectations, has long been recognized as essential to common pool resource management. Despite this, research that takes a critical approach to social capital places attention on the activities that foster social networks and their norms by arguing that social capital is a process. A critical approach illuminates San Evaristeño practices of lying and joking across social settings and contextualizes these practices within cultural values of harmony. As San Evaristeños assert somewhat paradoxically, for them “lies build trust.” Importantly, a critical approach to this case study forces consideration of gender, an overlooked topic in social capital research. San Evaristeña women are excluded from the verbal jousting through which men maintain ties supporting their primacy in fishery management. Both men’s joke-telling and San Evaristeños’ aversion to conflict have implications for conservation outcomes. As a result, we use these findings to help explain local resistance to outsiders and external management strategies including land trusts, fishing cooperatives, and marine protected areas.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Advances in Applied Mathematics, Volume 110〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Atul Dixit, Rajat Gupta〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A Ramanujan-type formula involving the squares of odd zeta values is obtained. The crucial part in obtaining such a result is to conceive the correct analogue of the Eisenstein series involved in Ramanujan's formula for 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉ζ〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mi〉m〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉. The formula for 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉ζ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mi〉m〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 is then generalized in two different directions, one, by considering the generalized divisor function 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉σ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉z〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉, and the other, by studying a more general analogue of the aforementioned Eisenstein series, consisting of one more parameter 〈em〉N〈/em〉. A number of important special cases are derived from the first generalization. For example, we obtain a series representation for 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mi〉ζ〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mi〉ω〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mi〉ζ〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mi〉ω〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉, where 〈em〉ω〈/em〉 is a non-trivial zero of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si130.svg"〉〈mi〉ζ〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉z〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉. We also evaluate a series involving the modified Bessel function of the second kind in the form of a rational linear combination of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mi〉ζ〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mi〉ζ〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 for 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si132.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉N〈/mi〉〈/math〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 4 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): M. Mamun Miah, Aly R. Seadawy, H.M. Shahadat Ali, M. Ali Akbar〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, we implement the generalized (〈em〉G〈/em〉′/〈em〉G〈/em〉)-expansion method established by Wang et al. to examine wave solutions to some nonlinear evolution equations. The method, known as the double (〈em〉G〈/em〉′/〈em〉G〈/em〉, 1/〈em〉G〈/em〉)-expansion method is used to establish abundant new and further general exact wave solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation, the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and symmetric regularized long wave equation. The solutions are extracted in terms of hyperbolic function, trigonometric function and rational function. The solitary wave solutions are constructed from the obtained traveling wave solutions if the parameters received some definite values. Graphs of the solutions are also depicted to describe the phenomena apparently and the shapes of the obtained solutions are singular periodic, anti-kink, singular soliton, singular anti-bell shape, compaction etc. This method is straightforward, compact and reliable and gives huge new closed form traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations in ocean engineering.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Volume 174〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Julyan Arbel, Marta Crispino, Stéphane Girard〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We study a broad class of asymmetric copulas introduced by Liebscher (2008) as a combination of multiple – usually symmetric – copulas. The main thrust of the paper is to provide new theoretical properties including exact tail dependence expressions and stability properties. A subclass of Liebscher copulas obtained by combining comonotonic copulas is studied in more detail.We establish further dependence properties for copulas of this class and show that they are characterized by an arbitrary number of singular components. Furthermore, we introduce a novel iterative representation for general Liebscher copulas which 〈em〉de facto〈/em〉 insures uniform margins, thus relaxing a constraint of Liebscher’s original construction. Besides, we show that this iterative construction proves useful for inference by developing an Approximate Bayesian computation sampling scheme. This inferential procedure is demonstrated on simulated data and is compared to a likelihood-based approach in a setting where the latter is available.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pedro G. Massey, Noelia B. Rios, Demetrio Stojanoff〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Let 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉M〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉C〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉 be a positive semidefinite 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈mo〉×〈/mo〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/math〉 complex matrix and let 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉I〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msubsup〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉R〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉〉〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msubsup〉〈/math〉, indexed by 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉I〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉{〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mo〉…〈/mo〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉}〈/mo〉〈/math〉, be a 〈em〉k〈/em〉-tuple of positive numbers. Let 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si13.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉T〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 denote the set of families 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉G〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉{〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉g〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉}〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉I〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉 such that 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉‖〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉g〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉‖〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉, for 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si136.svg"〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉I〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉; thus, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si13.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉T〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 is the product of spheres in 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si10.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉 endowed with the product metric. For a strictly convex unitarily invariant norm 〈em〉N〈/em〉 in 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si11.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉M〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉C〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉, we consider the generalized frame operator distance function 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si12.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉Θ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉N〈/mi〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 defined on 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si13.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉T〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉, given by〈span〉〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si14.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉Θ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉N〈/mi〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉G〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mi〉N〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mspace width="1em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mtext〉where〈/mtext〉〈mspace width="1em"〉〈/mspace〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈munder〉〈mo movablelimits="false"〉∑〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉I〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/mrow〉〈/munder〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉g〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈msubsup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉g〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉⁎〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msubsup〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉M〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉C〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mo〉.〈/mo〉〈/math〉〈/span〉 In this paper we determine the geometrical and spectral structure of local minimizers 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si15.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉T〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si12.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉Θ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉N〈/mi〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉a〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉. In particular, we show that local minimizers are global minimizers, and that these families do not depend on the particular choice of 〈em〉N〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yu-Xiang Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We consider a variable coefficient wave equation with an acoustic undamped condition. This is a coupled system of second and first order in time partial differential equations, with an acoustic boundary condition on the interface. The Riemannian geometry method is applied to deal with the variable coefficients. Under some checkable conditions on the coefficients we obtain the polynomial energy decay.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Barbara Kaltenbacher, Igor Shevchenko〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The focus of this work is on the analysis of the Westervelt equation modeling nonlinear propagation of high intensity ultrasound, in the practically relevant setting of a truncated computational domain with absorbing boundary conditions. We especially consider the zero and first order nonlinear absorbing boundary conditions devised in [38] in one and two space dimensions. As a matter of fact, the energy identities and estimates presented here were crucial for designing these absorbing boundary conditions in such a way that the desired energy dissipation through the boundary is guaranteed. Under the hypothesis of small initial data, we establish local well-posedness and provide higher order energy estimates, that we expect to be of additional use in boundary control and stabilization.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alireza Ranjbar-Motlagh〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The main purpose of this article is to generalize a characterization of Lipschitz functions in the context of metric-measure spaces. The results are established in the class of metric-measure spaces which satisfy a strong version of the doubling (Bishop-Gromov regularity) condition. Indeed, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition in order that any measurable function which satisfies an integrability condition to be essentially Lipschitzian.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rauan Akylzhanov, Michael Ruzhansky, Erlan Nursultanov〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper we prove new inequalities describing the relationship between the “size” of a function on a compact homogeneous manifold and the “size” of its Fourier coefficients. These inequalities can be viewed as noncommutative versions of the Hardy-Littlewood inequalities obtained by Hardy and Littlewood [HL27] on the circle. For the example case of the group SU(2) we show that the obtained Hardy-Littlewood inequalities are sharp, yielding a criterion for a function to be in 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉L〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉SU〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn mathvariant="normal"〉2〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 in terms of its Fourier coefficients. We also establish Paley and Hausdorff-Young-Paley inequalities on general compact homogeneous manifolds. The latter is applied to obtain conditions for the 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉L〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉-〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉L〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉 boundedness of Fourier multipliers for 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si281.svg"〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉〈〈/mo〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈mo〉≤〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mo〉≤〈/mo〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉〈〈/mo〉〈mo〉∞〈/mo〉〈/math〉 on compact homogeneous manifolds as well as the 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉L〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉-〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉L〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉 boundedness of general (non-invariant) operators on compact Lie groups. We also record an abstract version of the Marcinkiewicz interpolation theorem on totally ordered discrete sets, to be used in the proofs with different Plancherel measures on the unitary duals.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexander Iksanov, Xingang Liang, Quansheng Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉L〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉-convergence, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉〉〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/math〉, of the Biggins martingale with complex parameter in the supercritical branching random walk. The results and their proofs are much more involved (especially in the case 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si107.svg"〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉) than those for the Biggins martingale with real parameter. Our conditions are ultimate in the case 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si173.svg"〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈mo〉≥〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/math〉 only.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sandro Zagatti〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We present an improved version of a necessary and sufficient condition for strong convergence in the Sobolev space 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉W〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉Ω〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 and provide a nontrivial application to a class of fully nonlinear partial differential equations involving the range of the map 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉W〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉Ω〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo〉∋〈/mo〉〈mi〉u〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉↦〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉|〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉∇〈/mi〉〈mi〉u〈/mi〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉|〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉L〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉Ω〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Differential Equations〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fabio Punzo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We investigate uniqueness of solutions to the initial value problem for degenerate parabolic equations, posed in bounded domains, where no boundary conditions are prescribed. In order to obtain uniqueness, we need that the solutions satisfy certain integral growth conditions, which are crucially related to the degeneracy of the operator near the boundary. In particular, such solutions can be unbounded near the boundary. Our hypothesis on the behavior of the operator at the boundary is optimal; in fact, we show that if it fails, then nonuniqueness of solutions prevails.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, Volume 168〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Baptiste Louf〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We present bijections for the planar cases of two counting formulas on maps that arise from the KP hierarchy (Goulden-Jackson and Carrell-Chapuy formulas), relying on a “cut-and-slide” operation. This is the first time a bijective proof is given for quadratic map-counting formulas derived from the KP hierarchy. Up to now, only the linear one-faced case was known (Harer-Zagier recurrence and Chapuy-Féray-Fusy bijection). As far as we know, this bijection is new and not equivalent to any of the well-known bijections between planar maps and tree-like objects.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Algebra, Volume 535〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jesua Epequin Chavez〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We study the Howe correspondence for unipotent representations of irreducible dual pairs 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉U〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉m〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉F〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉U〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉F〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉Sp〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mi〉m〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉F〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msubsup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉O〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉ϵ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msubsup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉F〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉, where 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉F〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 denotes the finite field with 〈em〉q〈/em〉 elements (〈em〉q〈/em〉 odd) and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mi〉ϵ〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mo〉±〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/math〉. We show how to extract extremal (i.e. minimal and maximal) irreducible subrepresentations from the image 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉Θ〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉π〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 of a unipotent representation 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉π〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉 of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Algebra, Volume 535〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mikhail V. Bondarko, Vladimir A. Sosnilo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper is dedicated to new methods of constructing weight structures and weight-exact localizations; our arguments generalize their bounded versions considered in previous papers of the authors. We start from a class of objects 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉P〈/mi〉〈/math〉 of a triangulated category 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈munder〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mo〉_〈/mo〉〈/munder〉〈/math〉 that satisfies a certain 〈em〉(countable) negativity〈/em〉 condition (there are no 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈munder〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mo〉_〈/mo〉〈/munder〉〈/math〉-extensions of positive degrees between elements of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉P〈/mi〉〈/math〉; we actually need a somewhat stronger condition of this sort) to obtain a weight structure both “halves” of which are closed either with respect to 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈munder〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mo〉_〈/mo〉〈/munder〉〈/math〉-coproducts of less than 〈em〉α〈/em〉 objects (where 〈em〉α〈/em〉 is a fixed regular cardinal) or with respect to all coproducts (provided that 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈munder〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mo〉_〈/mo〉〈/munder〉〈/math〉 is closed with respect to coproducts of this sort). This construction gives all “reasonable” weight structures satisfying the latter conditions. In particular, one can obtain certain weight structures on spectra (in SH) consisting of less than 〈em〉α〈/em〉 cells, and on certain localizations of SH; these results are new.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hyeonbae Kang, KiHyun Yun〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper studies in a quantitatively precise manner the field enhancement due to presence of an emitter of the dipole type near the bow-tie structure of perfectly conducting inclusions in the two-dimensional space. We put special emphasis on field enhancement near vertices of the bow-tie structure, and derive upper and lower bounds of the gradient blow-up there. All three different kinds of symmetries are considered by varying locations and directions of the emitter, and a different estimate is derived for each case.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Discrete Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antoine Dailly, Florent Foucaud, Adriana Hansberg〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A graph is 〈em〉diameter-2-critical〈/em〉 if its diameter is 2 but the removal of any edge increases the diameter. A well-studied conjecture, known as the Murty–Simon conjecture, states that any diameter-2-critical graph of order 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/math〉 has at most 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉⌊〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo〉∕〈/mo〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈mo〉⌋〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 edges, with equality if and only if 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1002.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is a balanced complete bipartite graph. Many partial results about this conjecture have been obtained, in particular it is known to hold for all sufficiently large graphs, for all triangle-free graphs, and for all graphs with a dominating edge. In this paper, we discuss ways in which this conjecture can be strengthened. Extending previous conjectures in this direction, we conjecture that, when we exclude the class of complete bipartite graphs and one particular graph, the maximum number of edges of a diameter-2-critical graph is at most 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si80.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉⌊〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo〉∕〈/mo〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈mo〉⌋〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. The family of extremal examples is conjectured to consist of certain twin-expansions of the 5-cycle (with the exception of a set of thirteen special small graphs). Our main result is a step towards our conjecture: we show that the Murty–Simon bound is not tight for non-bipartite diameter-2-critical graphs that have a dominating edge, as they have at most 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉⌊〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo〉∕〈/mo〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈mo〉⌋〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 edges. Along the way, we give a shorter proof of the Murty–Simon conjecture for this class of graphs, and stronger bounds for more specific cases. We also characterize diameter-2-critical graphs of order 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/math〉 with maximum degree 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉: they form an interesting family of graphs with a dominating edge and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 edges.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Applied Numerical Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): B. Pedretscher, B. Kaltenbacher, O. Pfeiler〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper, a computational framework, which enables efficient and robust parameter identification, as well as uncertainty quantification in state space models based on Itô stochastic processes, is presented. For optimization, a Maximum Likelihood approach based on the system's corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is followed. Gradient information is included by means of an adjoint approach, which is based on the Lagrangian of the optimization problem. To quantify the uncertainty of the Maximum-A-Posteriori estimates of the model parameters, a Bayesian inference approach based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations, as well as profile likelihoods are implemented and compared in terms of runtime and accuracy. The framework is applied to experimental electron backscatter diffraction data of a fatigued metal film, where the aim is to develop a model, which consistently and physically meaningfully captures the metal's microstructural changes that are caused by external loading.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Technological Forecasting and Social Change〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): John Rice, Nigel Martin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Smart Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is envisaged to provide the capabilities to plan, design, construct, operate and manage Australia's key infrastructure. With over 75% of Australia's population living in cities and accessing public and private goods and services, ICT is positioned as a strategic resource for smart infrastructure developments. In this study, international and domestic stakeholder inputs on the future role of smart ICT in advancing Australia's infrastructure development and operations were crowdsourced for analysis. The study identifies several forms of smart ICT (e.g. building information modelling software) enabled infrastructure that possesses potential to deliver over A$9 billion per annum in domestic economic improvements, with commensurate advancement of communities, regions and urban environments. However, to be effective these smart ICT require enablement through open and interoperable data, sound governance and policy, and government leadership and coordination using dedicated resources. While smart infrastructure development is presently slow and lumbering, the identified smart ICT present as valuable strategic technologies for change and development in domestic communities.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 April 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Technological Forecasting and Social Change〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rahat Iqbal, Faiyaz Doctor, Brian More, Shahid Mahmud, Usman Yousuf〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Big Data has significant impact in developing functional smart cities and supporting modern societies. In this paper, we investigate the importance of Big Data in modern life and economy, and discuss challenges arising from Big Data utilization. Different computational intelligence techniques have been considered as tools for Big Data analytics. We also explore the powerful combination of Big Data and Computational Intelligence (CI) and identify a number of areas, where novel applications in real world smart city problems can be developed by utilizing these powerful tools and techniques. We present a case study for intelligent transportation in the context of a smart city, and a novel data modelling methodology based on a biologically inspired universal generative modelling approach called Hierarchical Spatial-Temporal State Machine (HSTSM). We further discuss various implications of policy, protection, valuation and commercialization related to Big Data, its applications and deployment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 April 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Technological Forecasting and Social Change〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): F.W. Geels, A. McMeekin, B. Pfluger〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Social acceptance and political feasibility are important issues in low-carbon transitions. Since computer models struggle to address these issues, the paper advances socio-technical scenarios as a novel methodological tool. Contributing to recent dialogue approaches, we develop an eight-step methodological procedure that produces socio-technical scenarios through various interactions between the multi-level perspective and computer models. As a specific contribution, we propose ‘transition bottlenecks’ as a methodological aid to mediate dialogue between qualitative MLP-based analysis of 〈em〉contemporary〈/em〉 dynamics and quantitative, model-generated 〈em〉future〈/em〉 pathways. The transition bottlenecks also guide the articulation of socio-technical storylines that suggest how the social acceptance and political feasibility of particular low-carbon innovations can be improved through social interactions and endogenous changes in discourses, preferences, support coalitions and policies. Drawing on results from the 3-year PATHWAYS project, we demonstrate these contributions for the UK electricity system, developing two low-carbon transition pathways to 2050 commensurate with the 2 °C target, one based on technological substitution (enacted by incumbent actors), and one based on broader system transformation (enacted by new entrants).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 147〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Emrah Karakilic〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The transition from industrial capitalism to cognitive capitalism and the rise of the digital revolution have brought the subject of intellectual property rights to the forefront as a controversial issue. This paper holds that the theoretical apparatus and concepts belonging to the industrial phase of capitalism largely fall short with respect to the repercussions that intellectual property rights regime yields. Embracing the methodological precept that social theory must be moulded in order to address the contours of contemporary social reality, this paper engages in an autonomist Marxist update on the concept of intellectual property rights. It ultimately challenges the “intellectual property rights are a socio-economic need” thesis and speculatively argues that the current system of intellectual property rights, directed politically towards the enclosure of commons, constitutes a structural contradiction by i) forming a basis for a social crisis in terms of the established relations of production, and ii) curtailing a part of the socio-economic opportunities for innovation, profit-making, and growth.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 April 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Technological Forecasting and Social Change〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daniela Maresch, Johannes Gartner〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Disruptive technological change can contribute to a more abundant world. However, potentially disruptive technologies often struggle to significantly influence practice. One prominent example is additive manufacturing (AM). Although AM is often regarded as the next great technological revolution in waiting, it has not yet established itself on a large scale in many fields of application. We investigate the reasons behind those challenges by looking at the various fields in which AM is applied and relating them to the specific challenges AM faces, as well as the opportunities it offers in those fields. Our findings rely on a multi-perspective technology foresight process that is based on a discourse analytic approach and that comprises data tomography covering the biggest German-language online magazine on AM and qualitative interview data collected from a range of AM stakeholders. The findings provide an empirically well-founded evaluation and explanation of the link between the challenges and opportunities offered by AM and the extent to which this disruptive technology is leveraged in specific fields. The findings prompt recommendations on how new potentially disruptive technologies can foster abundance in traditional, well established market economies based on the example of the well-developed but traditional market economy of Austria.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 April 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Technological Forecasting and Social Change〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Måns Nilsson, Adis Dzebo, Georgia Savvidou, Katarina Axelsson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Quantitative models of transitions, such as energy systems models and integrated assessment models, do not usually represent social processes, institutions and politics. Their view of societal transitions, along with the governance required to drive them, is therefore limited. Socio-technical systems approaches, in contrast, represent the social side but lack a quantitative view of the future system. This paper addresses this by bridging an energy systems model with socio-technical systems analysis and a local action study, analysing the future transition of the residential heating system in Sweden. The paper focuses on demand-side shifts that would drive a transition to a highly efficient, low-carbon heating system until 2050. A conceptual framework for bridging three approaches is introduced and applied. For example, niche-innovations identified in the socio-technical study are implemented as scenario options in the model. Landscape signals are external drivers of the scenario, and the regime study identifies barriers and governance requirements. The local action study provides insights into community attitudes affecting niches and regime change. Our results indicate that the linking of approaches is meaningful, in that it provides an enriched understanding of future systems change in many dimensions. Further research is required using a variety of models on a variety of domains or sectors to draw more generalizable lessons about bridging modelling and social science-based approaches for transition studies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 10 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of the Franklin Institute〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yaonan Shan, Kun She, Shouming Zhong, Jun Cheng, Wenyong Wang, Can Zhao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper investigates the passivity of Markovian jump discrete-time systems (MJDTSs) with channel fading via event-triggered state feedback control. First, the concerned MJDTSs contain infinitely distributed delays and switching rules with partially known transition probability (TP) information. Next, the fading channel, as an unreliable channel, is introduced into MJDTSs to better reflect the engineering practice in networked environment. Due to the present of channel fading, a series of random variables satisfying some certain probability density functions (PDFs) will be obstacles in the process of proof. Then, an event-triggered controller is designed for MJDTSs with channel fading and incomplete transition probability (ITP) for the first time. Thanks to this event-triggered mechanism, the state feedback control could greatly reduce energy consumption during transmission. Subsequently, under the above controller, we obtain some novel sufficient criteria in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to ensure the passivity of closed-loop system. Finally, some simulation results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Linear Algebra and its Applications, Volume 581〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Natália Bebiano, Susana Furtado〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper we consider sparse symmetrically banded matrices in which the nonzero off-diagonals are positioned a multiple of 〈em〉k〈/em〉 steps from the main diagonal. We show that such a matrix 〈em〉T〈/em〉 is permutationally similar to direct sum of banded matrices. In particular, when 〈em〉T〈/em〉 has exactly one nonzero off-diagonal above and below the main diagonal, the direct summands are tridiagonal. If 〈em〉T〈/em〉 has a 〈em〉w〈/em〉-Toeplitz structure, the blocks are 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉w〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉-Toeplitz, with 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉w〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉lcm〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉w〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉/〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉. This reduction allows the study of spectral properties of 〈em〉T〈/em〉 from those of the direct summands. Finally, we give a reduction of sparse symmetrically banded matrices relatively to the main antidiagonal.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Differential Equations〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuhui Chen, Wei Luo, Zheng-an Yao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper, we mainly investigate the Cauchy problem for the periodic Phan-Thein-Tanner (PTT) model. This model is derived from network theory for the polymeric fluid. We prove that the strong solutions of PTT model will blow up in finite time if the trace of initial stress tensor 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉tr〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉τ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/math〉 is negative. It is thus very different from the other viscoelastic model. On the other hand, we obtain the global existence result with small initial data when 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si108.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="normal"〉tr〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mspace width="0.2em"〉〈/mspace〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉τ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo〉≥〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉c〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉〉〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/math〉 for some 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉c〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉. Moreover, we study about the large time behavior.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): H.A. Kierstead, Landon Rabern〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We prove that every 〈em〉k〈/em〉-list-critical graph (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo〉≥〈/mo〉〈mn〉7〈/mn〉〈/math〉) on 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉≥〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/math〉 vertices has at least 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mfrac〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/mfrac〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mfrac〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mi〉c〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/mfrac〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/math〉 edges where 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mi〉c〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉(〈/mo〉〈mfrac〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/mfrac〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mfrac〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mfrac〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. This improves the bound established by Kostochka and Stiebitz [11]. The same bound holds for online 〈em〉k〈/em〉-list-critical graphs, improving the bound established by Riasat and Schauz [16]. Both bounds follow from a more general result stating that either a graph has many edges or it has an Alon-Tarsi orientable induced subgraph satisfying a certain degree condition.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Finite Fields and Their Applications, Volume 59〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Luis H. Gallardo, Olivier Rahavandrainy〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We work over the field with two elements. We establish a new correspondence between Mersenne polynomials and trinomials so that corresponding polynomials have the same number of irreducible factors. This allows us to get a partial but nontrivial result about the factorization of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉M〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mi〉h〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/math〉, for a Mersenne prime 〈em〉M〈/em〉 and for a positive integer 〈em〉h〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 European Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 81〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Brice Huang, Mustazee Rahman〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper we consider the relation between the spectrum and the number of short cycles in large graphs. Suppose 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mo〉…〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 is a sequence of finite and connected graphs that share a common universal cover 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉T〈/mi〉〈/math〉 and such that the proportion of eigenvalues of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 that lie within the support of the spectrum of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉T〈/mi〉〈/math〉 tends to 1 in the large 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/math〉 limit. This is a weak notion of being Ramanujan. We prove such a sequence of graphs is asymptotically locally tree-like. This is deduced by way of an analogous theorem proved for certain infinite sofic graphs and unimodular networks, which extends results for regular graphs and certain infinite Cayley graphs.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Discrete Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): François Dross, Pascal Ochem〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A graph is 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉-colorable if it admits a vertex partition into a graph with maximum degree at most 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 and a graph with maximum degree at most 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉. We show that every 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉6〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉-free planar graph is 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mn〉6〈/mn〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉-colorable. We also show that deciding whether a 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉6〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉-free planar graph is 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1083.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉-colorable is NP-complete.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Applied Numerical Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jiao Wen, Chengming Huang, Min Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper is concerned with the stability properties of Runge-Kutta methods for Volterra integro-differential equations. Both the basic test equation and a convolution test equation are considered. Some fixed order recurrence relations and the corresponding stability conditions are derived for general methods. The concept of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉-stability is introduced for the convolution test equation and some 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉-stable one-stage methods are found. The 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉A〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉-stability and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉-stability of the fully implicit discretized collocation methods with one or two stages are investigated in details. Finally, some numerical experiments are given to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 10 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of the Franklin Institute〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ahmed Bendib, Aissa Chouder, Kamel Kara, Abdelhammid Kherbachi, Said Barkat, Walid Issa〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In a microgrid (MG) topology, the secondary control is introduced to compensate for the voltage amplitude and frequency deviations, mainly caused by the inherent characteristics of the droop control strategy. This paper proposes an accurate approach to derive small signal models of the frequency and amplitude voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) of a single-phase MG by analyzing the dynamics of the second-order generalized integrator-based frequency-locked loop (SOGI-FLL). The frequency estimate model is then introduced in the frequency restoration control loop, while the derived model of the amplitude estimate is introduced for the voltage restoration loop. Based on the obtained models, the MG stability analysis and proposed controllers’ parameters tuning are carried out. Also, this study includes the modeling and design of the synchronization control loop that enables a seamless transition from island mode to grid-connected mode operation. Simulation and practical experiments of a hierarchical control scheme, including traditional droop control and the proposed secondary control for two single-phase parallel inverters, are implemented to confirm the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposal under different operating conditions. The obtained results validate the proposed modeling approach to provide the expected transient response and disturbance rejection in the MG.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Differential Equations〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hui Li, Wei Wang, Zhifei Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper, we prove the local well-posedness of the free boundary problem in incompressible elastodynamics under a natural stability condition, which ensures that the evolution equation describing the free boundary is strictly hyperbolic. Our result gives a rigorous confirmation that the elasticity has a stabilizing effect on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Applied Numerical Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rasool Hosseini, Mehdi Tatari〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, a new splitting technique is implemented for solving hyperbolic PDEs. As the main result, the new methods preserve the maximum principle unconditionally or with a mild condition on discretization parameters in comparison with well known methods. Damping of numerical solution in time evolution is investigated. For numerical solution of the Burgers' equation, as a nonlinear problem, an iterative method based on the new splitting technique is presented. Efficiency of the new methods is examined via numerical examples.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lamine Boumaiza, Ali Saeidi, Marco Quirion〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Among the methods used for evaluating the potential hydraulic erodibility of rock, the most common methods are those based on the correlation between the force of flowing water and the capacity of a rock to resist erosion, such as Annandale's and Pells' methods. The capacity of a rock to resist erosion is evaluated based on erodibility indices that are determined from specific geomechanical parameters of a rock mass. These indices include unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of rock, rock block size, joint shear strength, a block's shape and orientation relative to the direction of flow, joint openings, and the nature of the surface to be potentially eroded. However, it is difficult to determine the relevant geomechanical parameters for evaluating the hydraulic erodibility of rock. The assessment of eroded unlined spillways of dams has shown that the capacity of a rock to resist erosion is not accurately evaluated. Using more than 100 case studies, we develop a method to determine the relevant geomechanical parameters for evaluating the hydraulic erodibility of rock in unlined spillways. The UCS of rock is found not to be a relevant parameter for evaluating the hydraulic erodibility of rock. On the other hand, we find that the use of three-dimensional (3D) block volume measurements, instead of the block size factor used in Annandale's method, improves the rock block size estimation. Furthermore, the parameter representing the effect of a rock block's shape and orientation relative to the direction of flow, as considered in Pells' method, is more accurate than the parameter adopted by Annandale's method.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Geodesy and Geodynamics, Volume 10, Issue 4〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Volume 24〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dagnachew Daniel Molla, Tenalem Ayenew Tegaye, Christopher G. Fletcher〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Study region〈/h6〉 〈p〉The volcano-tectonic lakes basin of Abaya-Chamo is part of the Main Ethiopian Rift system and exhibits large variations in geomorphology, physiography and climate between the rift floor and the plateau.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Study focus〈/h6〉 〈p〉Despite the importance of streamflow for water resources management and planning in the basin, many of the rivers there are ungauged. To make quantitative estimates of streamflow for spatially resolved water availability in such a highly heterogeneous environment, therefore, requires numerical modeling. This study is the first to quantify the surface and shallow groundwater resources in Abaya-Chamo, and to validate the physically fully distributed hydrologic model WetSpass under highly data-limited conditions, in a complex two-lake environment.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉New hydrological insights〈/h6〉 〈p〉Simulated total river flow and estimated baseflow were verified at 15 gauging stations, with a good agreement. The WetSpass model is shown to be suitable for such a complex setting with a correlation coefficient of 0.95 and 0.97 for total flow and baseflow respectively at a statistically significant level (p-value 〈 0.05). The simulated annual water budget reveals that 74.6% of the 22.1 billion lit/yr in total precipitation in the basin is lost through evapotranspiration, 15.7% through surface runoff, and only 9.7% recharges the groundwater system. The simulations also revealed the surface runoff and groundwater recharge are the most sensitive to soil textural class, while evapotranspiration depends more strongly on land use.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2214581818302623-ga1.jpg" width="159" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hydrology, Volume 576〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Valentin Haselbeck, Jannes Kordilla, Florian Krause, Martin Sauter〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Growing inorganic and expansive hydrochemical datasets and large differences in the measured concentrations require methods that are capable of compressing data without the loss of critical information and subsequently displaying it in a condensed and comprehensive way. Here we train an artificial neural network, Kohonen’s self-organizing map (SOM), to model inorganic hydrochemical clusters and associate the salinity source with the distribution of the ionic concentration spatial variation at a former potash mining site. Kohonen’s self-organizing maps are applied to project the data onto a two-dimensional grid and the geometric relationship of the projected vectors is subsequently used to perform a hierarchical cluster analysis. The SOM clustering approach succeeded in assigning the groundwater samples automatically according to their inorganic chemical composition. Five different clusters, three geogenic and two anthropogenic, were identified. The final outcome is displayed and compared with the classification from Piper plotting of the same dataset. In order to see the SOM clustering results in the large scale hydrogeological context, the distribution of the clusters is displayed spatially. This approach is a tool for the hydrogeologist to quickly analyze large datasets and present them in a clear and concise format.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sara Geenen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉By zooming in on the concept of ‘local content’, this article speaks to the debate on extractive industries and development. It challenges two fundamental assumptions of the mainstream local content literature: that production linkages will develop if an enabling environment is created, and that local content is beneficial for local people. Based on almost 600 interviews and focus groups in four mining concessions in Ghana and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) it focuses on how local content policies are translated into concrete practices – more particularly around the granting of contracts and employment. In doing so it unravels the 〈em〉political〈/em〉 dimensions of local content policies and their 〈em〉structural embeddedness〈/em〉 in large-scale extractivist projects. It is argued that local content policies are implemented in complex political arenas, where the power holders use them as political instruments to enhance profit accumulation and control rents. Moreover they are embedded in the structural dynamics that permeate large-scale extractivist projects, producing (new) patterns of exclusion.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 79〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Saad AlQuhtani, Ardeshir Anjomani〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Dependency on the automobile in the United States has been associated with many urban problems. As a result, many American cities have seen a rebound in public transportation systems—many of whom have built modern rail transit systems. This resurgence of rail transit systems has caused apparent shifts in economic, social, and spatial aspects of neighborhoods located in proximity to rail stations.〈/p〉 〈p〉This study investigates the changes in housing value between 2000 and 2014 in 454 block groups within a one-mile buffer around rail stations located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area to determine if there is a correlation between proximity to rail stations and median housing value. This study uses two approaches to analyze the data. First, a comparison of changes in housing value within block groups located in the study area during the study period is introduced. Next, an innovative approach is employed to select the best regression model using the data on the block groups located within the study area to understand the relationships between the selected independent variables and the changes in housing value during the study period in relation to the research question.〈/p〉 〈p〉The findings demonstrate that economic development and commercial activity locations have the highest effect on housing value during the study period, and block groups that were closer to rail stations experienced lower changes in housing value compared to block groups located farther away from stations. An interesting finding contrary to some of the literature is that an increase in the percent of the black population does not have negative effects on the change in property values. The findings for Hispanic and other minorities is also the same. These findings are a useful addition to the existing literature and contribute to the field of urban planning to mitigate the effects on housing value surrounding station areas. In addition, planners and policymakers could use the implications from the findings to adopt some policies for furthering the success of rail transit systems in urban areas by sustaining station area development.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 78〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Benjamin K. Sovacool, Johannes Kester, Lance Noel, Gerardo Zarazua de Rubens〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Despite a potentially revolutionary shift towards electric mobility in the passenger vehicle market, the academic and policymaking communities remain wedded to a techno-economic paradigm that may not fully appreciate deeper social and geographic elements of a transition to electric vehicles. In this paper, based primarily on bivariate statistical analysis as well as a hierarchical regression analysis of a survey distributed to 〉5000 respondents across Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, we analyze how perceptions and attitudes towards electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid technologies differ by income, political affiliation, and geography. Although our findings confirm EV ownership and mobility patterns in general are related to income—those with higher incomes both own more EVs and drive more generally—they also confirm that interest in EVs is not so strongly related. Lower income groups seem to ask less from their cars, thus potentially opening up a market for cheaper low-range alternates. Political orientation is correlated to car and EV ownership, with those on the “left” more interested yet those on the “right” more able and willing to buy expensive cars. Moreover, we see variation in preferences across urban and rural subcategories, and our findings strongly suggest that EVs need not be promoted only for city or suburban areas. When controlling for variables, a multilevel regression analysis does not change the overall thrust of these associations.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 2 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Fuzzy Sets and Systems〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mehdi Rajabi Asadabadi, Elizabeth Chang, Ofer Zwikael, Morteza Saberi, Keiran Sharpe〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The requirement specification process is an important part of a project and has the potential to prevent problems that may last for years after a project is delivered. Previous studies on the requirement specification process have focused on clarifying stated fuzzy terms in software requirement engineering. However, in many projects there is information that is not stated, but it is implied and can be inferred. This hidden information is usually ignored due to the assumption that ‘the provider understands what they mean/need’. This assumption is not always true. Such information, if extracted, may include fuzzy terms, namely hidden fuzzy terms (HFTs), which need specification. Therefore, these fuzzy terms have to be identified and then specified to avoid potential future consequences. This study proposes an algorithm to extract the hidden fuzzy terms, utilises a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to specify them, and applies the best worst multi-criteria decision making method (BWM) to evaluate the delivered product and measure the performance of the provider. The model is then used to examine a case from Defence Housing Australia. Such evaluation and measurement enable the project owner/manager to have a transparent basis to support decisions later in different phases of the project, and to ultimately reduce the likelihood of conflict and the receipt of an unsatisfactory product.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 4 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of the Franklin Institute〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xi Wang, Shukai Li, Tao Tang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉With the objective to promote the efficiency of heavy haul transportation, this paper investigates the efficiently intermittent cruise control problem for heavy haul trains. Based on the concept of periodically intermittent control, the closed-loop form of the error dynamic state-space model for heavy haul trains is given considering uncertain parameters, which is different from existing heavy haul train control methods in that the control forces are only provided in part of the running period. To facilitate the controller design, a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are presented as the sufficient conditions for the existence of the periodically intermittent controller, which guarantees both the speed tracking error and the relative coupler displacements are exponentially stable at the equilibrium state. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control scheme can significantly improve the control efficiency without sacrificing too much on speed tracking performance.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 4 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of the Franklin Institute〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xin Hu, Chi Huang, Jianquan Lu, Jinde Cao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper studies the stabilization problem of Boolean control networks with stochastic impulses, where stochastic impulses model is described as a series of possible regulatory models with corresponding probabilities. The stochastic impulses model makes the research more realistic. The global stabilization problem is trying to drive all states to reach the predefined target with probability 1. A necessary and sufficient condition is presented to judge whether a given system is globally stabilizable. Meanwhile, an algorithm is proposed to stabilize the given system by designing a state feedback controller and different impulses strategies. As an extension, these results are applied to analyze the global stabilization to a fixed state of probability Boolean control networks with stochastic impulses. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Discrete Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chengfu Qin, Weihua He, Kiyoshi Ando〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An edge of a 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉-connected graph is said to be 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉-contractible if its contraction results in a 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉-connected graph. A 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉-connected graph without 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉-contractible edge is said to be contraction critically 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉-connected. Y. Egawa and W. Mader, independently, showed that the minimum degree of a contraction critical 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉-connected graph is at most 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mfrac〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉5〈/mn〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/mfrac〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. Hence, the minimum degree of a contraction critical 8-connected graph is either 8 or 9. This paper shows that a graph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si9.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is a contraction critical 8-connected graph with minimum degree 9 if and only if 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si9.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is the strong product of a contraction critical 4-connected graph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si11.svg"〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈/math〉 and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si12.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉K〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Discrete Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Joshua D. Laison, Erin M. McNicholas, Nicole S. Seaders〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The determining number or fixing number of a graph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉Γ〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is the smallest size of a subset of vertices 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈/math〉 of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉Γ〈/mi〉〈/math〉 such that any automorphism of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉Γ〈/mi〉〈/math〉 that stabilizes 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈/math〉 stabilizes all of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉Γ〈/mi〉〈/math〉. The determining set 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉D〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 of a finite group 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is the set of all determining numbers of all finite graphs for which 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is the automorphism group.〈/p〉 〈p〉Similarly, the base size of a permutation representation 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si10.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉ρ〈/mi〉〈mo〉:〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉→〈/mo〉〈mo〉Sym〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 of a group 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is the smallest size of a subset 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si12.svg"〉〈mi〉B〈/mi〉〈/math〉 of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mi〉S〈/mi〉〈/math〉 such that its pointwise stabilizer in 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is trivial. The base size set 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si15.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉B〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 of a finite group 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is the set of all base sizes of all faithful representations of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉 on finite sets.〈/p〉 〈p〉In this paper we compare the sets 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉D〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si15.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉B〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. We show that for finite abelian groups, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si20.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉B〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉D〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉{〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mo〉…〈/mo〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo〉}〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, where 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si21.svg"〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is the number of elementary divisors of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈/math〉. We characterize 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si15.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉B〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉D〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 for dihedral groups of the form 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si25.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉D〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si26.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉D〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 for an odd prime 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si27.svg"〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/math〉 and prove 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si28.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉B〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≠〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉D〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉G〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 for dihedral groups of the form 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si29.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉D〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 where 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si27.svg"〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/math〉 and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si31.svg"〉〈mi〉q〈/mi〉〈/math〉 are distinct odd primes.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Discrete Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Taras Banakh, Dominic van der Zypen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉For a hypergraph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, a subfamily 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉C〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉⊆〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 is called a cover of the hypergraph if 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉⋃〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉C〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉⋃〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. A cover 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉C〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is called minimal if each cover 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉D〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉⊆〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 of the hypergraph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈/math〉 coincides with 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉C〈/mi〉〈/math〉. We prove that for a hypergraph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈/math〉 the following conditions are equivalent: (i) each countable subhypergraph of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈/math〉 has a minimal cover; (ii) each non-empty subhypergraph of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈/math〉 has a maximal edge; (iii) 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈/math〉 contains no isomorphic copy of the hypergraph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si12.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉ω〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉ω〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. This characterization implies that a countable hypergraph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si13.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 has a minimal cover if every infinite set 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si14.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉I〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉⊆〈/mo〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 contains a finite subset 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si15.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉F〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉⊆〈/mo〉〈mi〉I〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 such that the family of edges 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si16.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉F〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≔〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉{〈/mo〉〈mi〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉:〈/mo〉〈mi〉F〈/mi〉〈mo〉⊆〈/mo〉〈mi〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉}〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 is finite. Also we prove that a hypergraph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si13.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 has a minimal cover if 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si18.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉sup〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉{〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉|〈/mo〉〈mi〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉|〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo〉:〈/mo〉〈mi〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉}〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉〈〈/mo〉〈mi〉ω〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 or for every 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si19.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉∈〈/mo〉〈mi〉V〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 the family 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si20.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≔〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉{〈/mo〉〈mi〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈mi mathvariant="script"〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉:〈/mo〉〈mi〉v〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈mi〉E〈/mi〉〈mo〉}〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 is finite.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Discrete Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shengxiang Lv, Yichao Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We introduce a handle-inserting operation in order to construct a minimum genus embedding of the tripartite graph 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉K〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 for odd 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/math〉. The construction is used to solve the conjecture of Kurauskas that for odd  〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/math〉, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉K〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 has an embedding of genus 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉⌈〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo〉∕〈/mo〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈mo〉⌉〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, such that one face is bounded by a Hamilton cycle. Such embeddings have an application to modeling road junctions with minimal number of bridges.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Applied Mathematics Letters, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yang Cao, Zhiyong Wang, Jingxue Yin〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We consider the Cauchy problem for the semilinear pseudo-parabolic equation with initial data with compact support. We find the life span of the solution, when the power exponent 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/math〉 is smaller than the Fujita exponent.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Applied Mathematics Letters, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongbo Guan, Yong Wang, Huiqing Zhu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper, two meshless schemes are proposed for solving Dirichlet boundary optimal control problems governed by elliptic equations. The first scheme uses radial basis function collocation method (RBF-CM) for both state equation and adjoint state equation, while the second scheme employs the method of fundamental solution (MFS) for the state equation when it has a zero source term, and RBF-CM for the adjoint state equation. Numerical examples are provided to validate the efficiency of the proposed schemes.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Annals of Pure and Applied Logic〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Erik Palmgren〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉First-order logic with dependent sorts, such as Makkai's first-order logic with dependent sorts (FOLDS), or Aczel's and Belo's dependently typed (intuitionistic) first-order logic (DFOL), may be regarded as logic enriched dependent type theories. Categories with families (cwfs) is an established semantical structure for dependent type theories, such as Martin-Löf type theory. We introduce in this article a notion of 〈em〉hyperdoctrine over a cwf〈/em〉, and show how FOLDS and DFOL fit in this semantical framework. A soundness and completeness theorem is proved for DFOL. The semantics is functorial in the sense of Lawvere, and uses a dependent version of the Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra for a DFOL theory. Agreement with standard first-order semantics is established. Applications of DFOL to constructive mathematics and categorical foundations are given. A key feature is a 〈em〉local propositions-as-types principle.〈/em〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Applied Mathematics Letters, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Christos Sourdis〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We establish the energy minimality property of a solution to the generalized Painlevé-II equation 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉Δ〈/mi〉〈mi〉y〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mi〉y〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉y〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉∈〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉R〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, which is increasing in 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 and converges to the positive and negative Hastings–McLeod solutions as 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉→〈/mo〉〈mo〉±〈/mo〉〈mi〉∞〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 155〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sheng Wang, Andreas Baum, Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada, Carsten Dam-Hansen, Anders Thorseth, Peter Bauer-Gottwein, Filippo Bandini, Monica Garcia〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Unlike satellite earth observation, multispectral images acquired by Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) provide great opportunities to monitor land surface conditions also in cloudy or overcast weather conditions. This is especially relevant for high latitudes where overcast and cloudy days are common. However, multispectral imagery acquired by miniaturized UAS sensors under such conditions tend to present low brightness and dynamic ranges, and high noise levels. Additionally, cloud shadows over space (within one image) and time (across images) are frequent in UAS imagery collected under variable irradiance and result in sensor radiance changes unrelated to the biophysical dynamics at the surface. To exploit the potential of UAS for vegetation mapping, this study proposes methods to obtain robust and repeatable reflectance time series under variable and low irradiance conditions. To improve sensor sensitivity to low irradiance, a radiometric pixel-wise calibration was conducted with a six-channel multispectral camera (mini-MCA6, Tetracam) using an integrating sphere simulating the varying low illumination typical of outdoor conditions at 55〈sup〉o〈/sup〉N latitude. The sensor sensitivity was increased by using individual settings for independent channels, obtaining higher signal-to-noise ratios compared to the uniform setting for all image channels. To remove cloud shadows, a multivariate statistical procedure, Tucker tensor decomposition, was applied to reconstruct images using a four-way factorization scheme that takes advantage of spatial, spectral and temporal information simultaneously. The comparison between reconstructed (with Tucker) and original images showed an improvement in cloud shadow removal. Outdoor vicarious reflectance validation showed that with these methods, the multispectral imagery can provide reliable reflectance at sunny conditions with root mean square deviations of around 3%. The proposed methods could be useful for operational multispectral mapping with UAS under low and variable irradiance weather conditions as those prevalent in northern latitudes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 2 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 European Journal of Operational Research〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kieran Conboy, Patrick Mikalef, Denis Dennehy, John Krogstie〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉While the topic of analytics is rapidly growing in popularity across various domains, there is still a relatively low amount of empirical work in the field of operations research (OR). While studies of various technical and business aspects of analytics are emerging in OR, little has been done to address how the OR community can leverage business analytics in dynamic and uncertain environments – the very place where OR is supposed to play a key role. To address this gap, this study draws on the dynamic capabilities view of the firm and builds on eight selected case studies of operations research activity in large organisations, each of which have invested significantly in analytics technology and implementation. The study identifies fourteen analytics-enabled micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities, essentially highlighting how organisations can use analytics to manage and enhance their OR activities in dynamic and uncertain environments. This study also identifies six key cross-cutting propositions emerging from the data and develops a roadmap for future OR researchers to address these issues and improve the use and value of analytics as enablers of organisational dynamic capabilities.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 279, Issue 2〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 232〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): P. Potapov, A. Tyukavina, S. Turubanova, Y. Talero, A. Hernandez-Serna, M.C. Hansen, D. Saah, K. Tenneson, A. Poortinga, A. Aekakkararungroj, F. Chishtie, P. Towashiraporn, B. Bhandari, K.S. Aung, Q.H. Nguyen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Spatially and temporally consistent vegetation structure time-series have great potential to improve the capacity for national land cover monitoring, to reduce latency and cost of international reporting, and to harmonize regional land cover characterizations. Here we present a semi-automatic, operational algorithm for mapping and monitoring of woody vegetation canopy cover and height at a regional scale using freely available Landsat time-series data. The presented algorithm employs automatic data processing and mapping using a set of lidar-based vegetation structure prediction models. Changes in vegetation cover are detected separately and integrated into the structure time-series. Sample-based validation and inter-comparison with existing datasets demonstrates the spatial and temporal consistency of our regional data time-series. The dataset reliably reflects changes in tree cover (tree cover loss user's accuracy of 0.84 and producer's accuracy of 0.75) and can serve as a tool to map annual forest extent (user's accuracy of 0.98 and producer's accuracy of 0.81 for 10% canopy cover threshold to define the forest class). The tree height estimates are consistent with a GLAS-based global map (mean average error of 3.7 m, the correlation coefficient of 0.92 and the R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 of 0.85). The algorithm was prototyped within the Lower Mekong region where it revealed an intensive woody vegetation dynamic. Of the year 2000 forest area (defined using canopy cover threshold of 10% and tree height threshold of 5 m), 9.4% was deforested by the year 2017, and 16.6% was affected by stand-replacement disturbance followed by reforestation. The average annual area of stand-level forest disturbance within the region was 2.34 Mha, and increased by 34% from 2001 (1.85 Mha) to 2017 (2.48 Mha). Total forest area decreased by 6.2% within the region, and 11.1% of year 2000 primary forest area was lost by 2017. At the national level, Cambodia demonstrated the highest rate of deforestation, with a net forest area loss of 22.5%. We estimated that 21.3% of 2017 forest cover had an age of 17 years or less, illustrating the intensive forest land uses within the region. The time-series product is suitable for mapping annual land cover and inter-annual land cover change using customized class definitions. The regionally-consistent data are publicly available for download (〈a href="https://glad.umd.edu/" target="_blank"〉https://glad.umd.edu/〈/a〉), and online analysis (〈a href="https://rlcms-servir.adpc.net/en/forest-monitor/" target="_blank"〉https://rlcms-servir.adpc.net/en/forest-monitor/〈/a〉), and serve as an input to the SERVIR-Mekong Regional Land Cover Monitoring System.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 232〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peifeng Ma, Weixi Wang, Bowen Zhang, Jili Wang, Guoqiang Shi, Guangqing Huang, Fulong Chen, Liming Jiang, Hui Lin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As the world's largest city cluster, the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is vulnerable to significant subsidence. The widely distributed sediments and rapid urbanization in the GBA result in the concurrence of large- and small-scale subsidence. Mono-sensor synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images usually suffer from the limitation of either low resolution or small coverage, and thus, are not applicable to completely monitoring the GBA. In this study, we used Sentinel-1 (S1), COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) images jointly to reveal multi-scale subsidence of the GBA. The overall subsidence ranged from 0 to 112.3 mm/yr derived from the 2015–2017 S1 images. Three regional subsidence bowls (Zhuhai–Zhongshan, Jiangmen, and Guangzhou–Zhongshan) formed in the western alluvial plain. The high correlation between regional subsidence and Quaternary sediments confirms that sediment consolidation is the main cause of subsidence. The land use and numerical modeling results suggest that groundwater extraction and artificial loading are the triggering factors. Two representative local subsidence cases were analyzed using high-resolution images: reclamation settlement at the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) and sinkhole subsidence due to the excavation of the Shenzhen Wenbo skyscraper foundation pit. The validation at the HKIA showed that the measurements from the CSK and S1 data both agreed well with the leveling data. However, CSK outperformed S1 in the sense that it increased the point density by a factor of 5, improved the height precision by a factor of 4, and showed fewer false alarms. CSK is therefore more applicable to monitoring the local subsidence of key infrastructures. The cross-heading tracks of TSX and CSK images detected precursory subsidence before the sinkhole collapse from two sides, indicating that the cross-heading tracks benefit the comprehensive monitoring of local subsidence in high-rise and high-density built environments. In summary, the synergistic use of multi-sensor SAR images demonstrates the practicability of the operational surveillance of multi-scale subsidence from regional surveying to the fine monitoring of local areas in the GBA.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Volume 121〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ziyan Li, Derek Elsworth, Chaoyi Wang, Kyungjae Im〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We introduce a new miniature double direct shear (mini-DDS) apparatus, housed within a standard-triaxial (TEMCO) pressure vessel, capable of concurrently measuring the evolution of frictional strength, stability, healing and along-fault permeability under 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 conditions of stress and temperature. The apparatus accommodates gouge samples (25 mm × 32 mm) and intact rock samples with confining and shear stresses and pore pressures up to ∼26 MPa. Permeability may be measured with applied flow rates ranging from 1.67 × 10〈sup〉−11〈/sup〉 to 3.6 × 10〈sup〉−6〈/sup〉 m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/s to a flow accuracy of 0.5% representing a lower bound of permeability 〉2.2 × 10〈sup〉−18〈/sup〉 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉. Sliding velocities are in the range 0.1 μm/s to 0.67 cm/s with a frame stiffness of 0.067 kN/μm. We describe protocols and procedures for calibration and experiments and note the potential of the apparatus for both rapid and extended-duration measurements of friction-permeability evolution and healing. The apparatus returns measurements of friction and stability of reference materials of F110 quartz consistent with the literature while additionally allowing the concurrent measurement of permeability. Permeability of F110 quartz evolves in slide-hold-slide (SHS) experiments with increases during holds and decreases during subsequent slides. These observations are consistent with grain crushing and resultant wear products that reduce that permeability by clogging during slides with unclogging of the major fluid channels occurring during shearing.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Discrete Mathematics〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Khodakhast Bibak, Bruce M. Kapron, Venkatesh Srinivasan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Recently, Grynkiewicz et al. (2013), using tools from additive combinatorics and group theory, proved necessary and sufficient conditions under which the linear congruence 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉⋯〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉+〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≡〈/mo〉〈mi〉b〈/mi〉〈mspace width="0.334em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mo〉mod〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.334em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, where 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mo〉…〈/mo〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉b〈/mi〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≥〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉) are arbitrary integers, has a solution 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉〈〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mo〉…〈/mo〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉〉〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉∈〈/mo〉〈msubsup〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="double-struck"〉Z〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msubsup〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 with all 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 distinct. So, it would be an interesting problem to give an explicit formula for the number of such solutions. Quite surprisingly, this problem was first considered, in a special case, by Schönemann almost two centuries ago(!) but his result seems to have been forgotten. Schönemann (1839), proved an explicit formula for the number of such solutions when 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉b〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉n〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 a prime, and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msubsup〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∑〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈mo〉=〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msubsup〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≡〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈mspace width="0.334em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mo〉mod〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.334em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 but 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si9.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∑〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈mo〉∈〈/mo〉〈mi〉I〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉⁄〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≡〈/mo〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈mspace width="0.334em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉(〈/mo〉〈mo〉mod〈/mo〉〈mspace width="0.334em"〉〈/mspace〉〈mi〉p〈/mi〉〈mo〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 for all 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" altimg="si10.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉0̸〈/mo〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉≠〈/mo〉〈mi〉I〈/mi〉〈mo〉⊊︀〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉{〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mo〉…〈/mo〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mo〉}〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. In this paper, we generalize Schönemann’s theorem using a result on the number of solutions of linear congruences due to D. N. Lehmer and also a result on graph enumeration. This seems to be a rather uncommon method in the area; besides, our proof technique or its modifications may be useful for dealing with other cases of this problem (or even the general case) or other relevant problems.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 155〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peifeng Ma, Tao Li, Chaoyang Fang, Hui Lin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper analyzed the dynamic behaviors of a high-speed railway (HSR) bridge and evaluated the possibility of measuring the sub-millimeter settlement and uplift using COSMO-SkyMed images. The capability of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technologies with the purpose of sub-millimeter deformation monitoring without ground control points has rarely been studied. In this paper, we conducted a tentative test for measuring the sub-millimeter settlement and uplift of a HSR bridge. Persistent scatterer (PS) and distributed scatterer (DS) were jointly detected to increase the point density. The temperature model was introduced to separate the thermal expansion and linear deformation. By analyzing the HSR structure and time-series deformation, we infer that PS points correspond to double-bounce scatterers mainly generated by the interactions between the girder and track slab and between the girder and fender, and DS points correspond to single-bounce scatterers generated by the bridge girder surface. The accuracy of linear deformation velocity and time-series deformation were evaluated, respectively. Under the assumptions by qualitative analysis, the results demonstrate that COSMO-SkyMed is capable of achieving sub-millimeter accuracy in linear deformation velocity. However, the leveling validation implies that it is difficult to achieve sub-millimeter accuracy in time-series deformation because of the uncertainties from incorrect ground data, location and time difference between the InSAR and ground data, the presence of lateral deformation, improper removal of the atmospheric phase screen, and inconsistency between the air temperature and bridge temperature.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 154〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hao Fang, Florent Lafarge〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Analyzing and extracting geometric features from 3D data is a fundamental step in 3D scene understanding. Recent works demonstrated that deep learning architectures can operate directly on raw point clouds, i.e. without the use of intermediate grid-like structures. These architectures are however not designed to encode contextual information in-between objects efficiently. Inspired by a global feature aggregation algorithm designed for images (Zhao et al., 2017), we propose a 3D pyramid module to enrich pointwise features with multi-scale contextual information. Our module can be easily coupled with 3D semantic segmentation methods operating on 3D point clouds. We evaluated our method on three large scale datasets with four baseline models. Experimental results show that the use of enriched features brings significant improvements to the semantic segmentation of indoor and outdoor scenes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 155〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Deepak Gautam, Arko Lucieer, Christopher Watson, Colin McCoull〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study addresses the correction of lever-arm offset and boresight angle, and field of view (FOV) determination to enable accurate footprint determination of a spectroradiometer mounted on an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). To characterise the footprint, an accurate determination of the spectroradiometer position and orientation (pose) must be acquired with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Accurate pose estimation requires an accurate lever-arm and boresight correction between the pose measuring sensors and the spectroradiometer. Similarly, the spectroradiometer FOV is required to determine the footprint size as a function of above ground level (AGL) flying height. The system used in this study consists of an IMU with dual-frequency and dual-antenna GNSS receiver, a machine vision camera, and a point-measuring spectroradiometer (Ocean Optics QE Pro). The lever-arm offset was determined from a scaled 3D point cloud of the system, created using photos of the airframe and processed with the structure-from-motion (SfM) algorithm. The boresight angles were estimated with stationary experiments by computing the difference between the orientations of the IMU, the spectroradiometer, and the camera. The orientation of the spectroradiometer was determined by moving a spectrally distinct target into the FOV. The orientation of IMU was measured by averaging its readings during the stationary epoch, while SfM was employed as an independent technique to estimate the orientation of the camera. The footprint of the spectroradiometer for a combination of AGL height and Gershun tube aperture ring was determined experimentally, enabling computation of the effective FOV. In-flight validation of the lever-arm and boresight correction was performed by comparing the corrected pose of the co-mounted camera with the pose derived from SfM as the reference. Our experimental results demonstrate that controlled determination and correction of lever-arm and boresight increases the pose estimation accuracy and thereby supports the direct georeferencing of a UAS-mounted spectroradiometer point observation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 1 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Underground Space〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ying Xu, Yimiao Huang, Guowei Ma〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Underground structures are normally located in highly confined and congested spaces which may trigger severe gas explosion accidents with significant human and economic losses. For accurately evaluating the explosion consequences, a variety of influences factors need to be considered including concentrations of gas mixtures, vent conditions, obstacles, and ignition features, etc. A good review on these influence factors is important for a better understanding of explosion behaviors, e.g. the deflagration to detonation phenomenon. This paper investigates some critical influencing factors for gas explosions in underground or confined spaces, and the effects of the factors on gas explosions in underground structures are discussed. The results and findings from literatures are discussed and remarked. The present paper provides a reference for future study on safety management and consequence mitigation of the underground gas explosions.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Volume 24〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zeinab Mohammadi Raigani, Kazem Nosrati, Adrian L. Collins〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Study region〈/h6〉 〈p〉The Kamish River catchment (308 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉); a mountainous agricultural catchment under dry-land and rangeland farming located in Kermanshah province, in western Iran.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Study focus〈/h6〉 〈p〉The main objective of this study was to apportion sub-basin spatial source relative contributions to target channel bed sediment samples using a composite fingerprinting procedure including a Bayesian un-mixing model. In total, thirty-four geochemical tracers, eleven elemental ratios and different weathering indices were measured or estimated for 43 tributary sediment samples collected to characterise three sub-basin spatial sediment sources and eleven target bed sediment samples collected at the outlet of the main basin. Statistical analysis was used to select three different composite signatures.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉New hydrological insights for the region〈/h6〉 〈p〉Using a composite signature based on KW-H and DFA, the respective relative contributions (with uncertainty ranges) from tributary sub-basins 1, 2 and 3 were estimated as 54.3% (47.8–62.0), 11.4% (4.2–18.7) and 34.3% (27.6–39.9), compared to 72.0% (61.6–82.7), 13.6% (9.0–18.5) and 14.2% (3.1–25.4) using a combination of KW-H and data mining, and 50.8% (42.8–59.9), 28.7% (20.2–37.3) and 20.3% (12.7–27.2) using a fingerprint selected by KW-H and PCCA. The root mean square difference between these source estimates highlighted sensitivity to the composite signatures. Evaluation of the un-mixing model predictions using virtual mixture tests confirmed agreement between modelled and known source proportions.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2214581819301247-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 2 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Soils and Foundations〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Afshin Kordnaeij, Reza Ziaie Moayed, Majid Soleimani〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cement production requires a lot of energy and is also one of the most important sources of carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, the replacement of part of the cement with a more environmentally friendly material, such as zeolite, is of great importance. The present research involves the conducting of a series of laboratory tests on loose sand specimens (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mi〉D〈/mi〉〈mi〉r〈/mi〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉≈〈/mo〉〈mn〉30〈/mn〉〈mo〉%〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉) grouted with cementitious materials (cement and zeolite) to investigate the effect of different parameters, such as the size of the sand particles, the ratio of water to cementitious materials (〈em〉W/CM〈/em〉) and the replacement of a certain percentage of the cement in the grout with zeolite (〈em〉Z〈/em〉), on the unconfined compressive strength (〈em〉UCS〈/em〉) of the grouted sand specimens. The results indicate that for all the grout 〈em〉W/CM〈/em〉 and sand grain sizes, when 〈em〉Z〈/em〉 is increased from zero zeolite (〈em〉Z〈sub〉0〈/sub〉〈/em〉), the 〈em〉UCS〈/em〉 initially increases. Then, after reaching an optimal amount (〈em〉Z〈sub〉30〈/sub〉〈/em〉), it decreases. Moreover, increasing both the size of the sand particles and the 〈em〉W/CM〈/em〉 of the grout is seen to reduce the 〈em〉UCS〈/em〉 of the grouted specimens. The 〈em〉UCS〈/em〉 of the grouted sand specimens increases with the equilibrium of 〈em〉SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈/em〉 with 〈em〉CaO〈/em〉 elements in the grouting suspension. Finally, equations with a high performance are proposed to predict the 〈em〉UCS〈/em〉 of sands grouted with zeolite-cement using a multiple regression model (〈em〉MRM〈/em〉) and a group method of data handling (〈em〉GMDH〈/em〉)-type neural network.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 50〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhijian Liu, Di Wu, Yuanwei Liu, Guangya Jin, Qiaomei Wang, Zhonghe Han, Hancheng Yu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Low energy buildings are an efficient approach to meet space heating requirements and saving energy. Studies of low energy buildings mainly focus on cold climate regions. However, there is less research on the feasibility of low energy buildings on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau located in a severely cold climatic region. Therefore, a low energy building equipped with an integrated heating system was built on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The performance of the low energy building was quantitatively evaluated by field measurement and dynamic TRNSYS simulation. To be specific, the indoor temperature and relative humidity were measured, and further served as the data to verify the accuracy of the simulated results. The results show that the temperature and humidity were above 20 °C and 40% in the heating season, in accordance with the regulated low energy building standard (DB63/T1682-2018). According to the TRNSYS simulation, the hourly indoor temperature and relative humidity were generally in the range of 20–24 °C and 34–56%, respectively, in the heating season, with an energy demand of 16.1 kW h/(m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 year). Overall, the building performance meets the local low energy building standard (DB63/T1682-2018). Therefore, a passive building with integrated heating system assistance is feasible for pleasant indoor comfort on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. These findings could explore the application potential of low energy buildings in severe cold climate areas.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Volume 129〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Christopher S. Tang, Lucas P. Veelenturf〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉By leveraging new technologies (Additive Manufacturing, Advanced Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Vehicles, Blockchain, Drones, Internet of Things, etc.), many companies are developing cyber-physical systems that can change the competition landscape. In the midst of this exciting development, we examine the strategic role of logistics and transportation services for creating economic, environmental and social values. Also, we discuss some new research directions.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉