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  • thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy  (94)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • General Chemistry
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  • Taylor & Francis  (56)
  • Logos Verlag Berlin  (45)
  • 2020-2024  (101)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1945-1949
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  • 2020-2024  (101)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
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    Scheiternde Subjektivität (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Dass Wahrheit kein Abstraktum ist, sondern erlebt und erlitten wird, davon zeugt das unglückliche Bewusstsein. An ihm enthüllt sich die Praxis des Denkens, denn hier wird ein Irrtum zum Lebensirrtum: Die Missdeutung der Existenz führt zum Scheitern des Lebens. Das Scheitern ist im Selbstverhältnis des Subjekts angelegt: Indem es sich selbst verkennt, ist es nicht bei sich. Es hat seinen Lebensinhalt und die Wahrheit, aus der es leben kann, außerhalb seiner selbst. Hegel nennt das Selbstbewusstsein, das von seinem wahren Wesen getrennt ist, in der Phänomenologie des Geistes das "unglückliche Bewusstsein". Die Phänomenologie weist Wahrheit als Form der versöhnten Selbstbegegnung des Individuums aus. Das unglückliche Bewusstsein existiert jenseits der Wahrheit. Es leidet unter der innerweltlichen Sinnlosigkeit seiner Existenz, spürt den Stachel der Selbstentzweiung. Die existentielle Prob-ematik des unglücklichen Bewusstseins, deren Grundlagen Hegel aufzeigt, wird von Kierkegaard expliziert. Sein Werk ist Antwort auf die Herausforderung und das Lebensproblem des unglücklichen Bewusstseins. An Hegel und Kierkegaard schließt eine Theorie scheiternder Subjektivität an, der es um eine Pathogenese von Subjektivität geht.
    Keywords: Hegel ; Kierkegaard ; Subjektivität ; Unglückliches Bewusstsein ; Phänomenologie ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Methodological Individualism (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Originating in the late 19th century and becoming the subject of ongoing methodological debates in the social sciences, methodological individualism is a paradigm that focuses on understanding social phenomena through the actions and choices of individuals rather than through collective explanations. This book highlights its theoretical bases as defined and developed in the writings of its founders and early proponents in the context of the liveliest methodological battles in the social sciences. It addresses fundamental epistemological issues, including the distinction between explanation in the social sciences and natural sciences, the rational bases for understanding social actions, the relation of social wholes to their parts, and the connections between social concepts and the phenomenal world. Bringing together new English translations of foundational texts by Carl Menger, Joseph Schumpeter, Georg Simmel, and Max Weber, this book provides key insights into one of the essential methodological paradigms in the social sciences, corrects misconceptions, and advances a deeper understanding of methodological individualism as a robust and valuable approach to explaining social phenomena. It will therefore appeal to scholars and students of sociology and sociological theory with an interest in questions of social science methodology.
    Keywords: methodological debates ; methodological individualism ; founders ; explanation ; social sciences ; natural sciences ; theoretical bases ; social actions ; social wholes ; social concepts ; phenomenal world ; methodological paradigm ; sociology ; Max Weber ; Joseph Schumpeter ; Carl Menger ; Georg Simmel ; social science methodology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPS Research methods: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBA Social theory
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Eine Logik von Handlungen und Überzeugungen (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Eine Logik von Handlungen betrachten zu wollen, hat eine lange Tradition von Anselm von Canterbury bis in die Gegenwart. Was kennzeichnet eine Handlung? Wann beschreibt ein Satz eine Handlung? Und wie lässt sich dies in einem logischen System beschreiben? Die Stit-Theorie gibt eine einfache Antwort auf die beiden zuletzt gestellten Fragen. Ein Satz varphi drückt eine Handlung aus, wenn es einen Akteur gibt, so dass sich der Wahrheitswert des Satzes nicht ändert, wenn er durch "der Akteur sorgt dafür, dass varphi " paraphrasiert wird. In diesem Buch wird gezeigt, warum diese Ansicht nicht nur einfach und praktisch ist, um eine solche Handlungslogik um Operatoren für Überzeugungen, Wünsche und Intentionen zu erweitern, sondern auch warum sich diese Beschreibung mit der Ansicht Donald Davidsons vereinen lässt, dass Handlungen Ereignisse zugrunde liegen. So wird versucht, eine Brücke zwischen der Stit-Theorie und Davidsonscher Handlungstheorie zu schlagen, bei der der Begriff der Intention eine Rolle spielt. Dabei wird der Intentionsoperator in dem logischen System bdi-stitâ dint, bestehend aus Handlungsoperatoren und den Operatoren für die mentalen Zustände, alternativ axiomatisiert.
    Keywords: Logik ; Überzeugung ; Stit-Theorie ; Handlungstheorie ; Intention ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    Vernunft als Therapie und Krankheit (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Dieses Buch erzählt eine chronologische Geschichte von der antiken bis zur zeitgenössischen Philosophie. Die Abhandlung ist von der Frage geleitet, wie medizinische Metaphern, Analogien und Theoriebausteine zur Klärung philosophischer Probleme herangezogen wurden. In den Hauptkapiteln liegt der Focus auf den Schriften von Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche und Ludwig Wittgenstein. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den oft unterschwelligen Verweisungszusammenhängen zwischen der gesund/krank- und der wahr/falsch Differenz. Der Text richtet sich nicht nur an Philosophen, sondern auch an philosophieinteressierte Mediziner und Literaturwissenschaftler.
    Keywords: Metapher ; Sprachphilosophie ; Wittgenstein ; Kant ; Nietzsche ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFV Ethical issues and debates::JBFV5 Ethical issues: scientific, technological and medical developments ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHM Western philosophy: Enlightenment ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 5
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    Symbol und Leben (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Neukantianismus, Phänomenologie und Kulturphilosophie: Die Forschungsinteressen Christian Möckels sind vielfältig. Seine Arbeiten zu Max Adler, Edmund Husserl und Ernst Cassirer sowie seine editorische Tätigkeit als Herausgeber des Cassirer-Nachlasses haben dazu beigetragen, eine Vielfalt von Themenbereichen und philosophischen Kreisen miteinander zu verknüpfen. Eine Philosophie der Kultur und der Gesellschaft als systematische Einheit auszuführen und sie in der pragmatischen Richtung einer politischen Philosophie auszubauen: darin sieht Christian Möckel die Relevanz einer Philosophie, die sich zwar als Wissenschaft versteht, doch über die theoretische Dimension hinaus das Projekt der Aufklärung als Selbstverständnis des freien Menschen zu verwirklichen anstrebt. In seiner jahrzehntelangen Tätigkeit als Hochschullehrer an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin hat Christian Möckel viele Wissenschaftler*innen aus allen Kontinenten beraten und bei ihren Recherchen unterstützt. Diese Festschrift greift die Themen seiner Forschung auf und zeigt zugleich die Diversität der Interessen seiner Schüler*innen und Kolleg*innen, die ihm mit diesem Band Dank aussprechen und seine Arbeit würdigen möchten.
    Keywords: Kulturphilosophie ; Gesellschaftsphilosophie ; Politische Philosophie ; Ernst Cassirer ; Christian Möckel ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3ML 18th century, c 1700 to c 1799 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MR 21st century, c 2000 to c 2100 ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    Evolutionäre Ursprünge des mathematischen Denkens (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Warum können Menschen mathematisch denken? Welche evolutionäre Erklärung für das mathematische Beziehungsdenken könnte es geben? Gibt es vielleicht einen evolutionären Zusammenhang zwischen dem mathematischen und dem sozialen Beziehungsdenken? Spielt sogar die soziale Intelligenz des Menschen dabei eine zentrale Rolle? Und, wenn ja, welche? Was für Auswirkungen könnten diese evolutionären Zusammenhänge auf grundlegende Fragen im Rahmen der Philosophie der Mathematik haben? Dies alles sind Fragestellungen, denen im vorliegenden Buch über die evolutionären Ursprünge des mathematischen Denkens nachgegangen wird.
    Keywords: Mathematisches Denken ; Soziales Denken ; Soziale Intelligenz ; Evolutionäre Ursprünge ; (Kognitive) Anpassung ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTK Cognitive studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMM Physiological and neuro-psychology, biopsychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBB Philosophy of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    Subjekt und Prinzip (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das Denken des Anfangs sagt viel aus über Ziel und Ambition einer Philosophie. So hat jede Zeit anders über den Anfang gesprochen. Schließlich hängt der Erfolg einer rationalen Begründung nicht zuletzt an den Prinzipien, von denen sie ausgeht.
    Keywords: Philosophie des Subjekts ; System und Prinzip ; Rationalität ; Metaphilosophie ; Theologie ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Netzwerke der Forschung. Die historische Eugenikbewegung und die moderne Humangenomik im Vergleich (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Anhand der Beispiele historische Eugenikbewegung und moderne Humangenomik wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit aufgezeigt, dass die Entstehung sowie Aufrechterhaltung von Netzwerken ein entscheidender Faktor ist für den Erfolg wissenschaftlicher Paradigmen und gegebenenfalls damit verbundener Ideologien, dass bei der Bildung bzw. Weiterentwicklung dieser Netzwerke bestimmten Akteuren besondere Bedeutung zukommt (= Schlüsselakteure oder hubs) und dass bei Verlust bestimmter hubs ein teilweiser oder vollständiger Zusammenbruch des jeweiligen Netzwerkes erfolgen kann. Die Richtung, in die sich wissenschaftliche Paradigmen entwickeln, ist damit stark abhängig von den Kräfte- bzw. Machtverhältnissen innerhalb der sie umschliessenden Netzwerke bzw. vom Verhalten und der Kontrolle bestimmter Akteure. Im Sinne der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) wie sie von Bruno Latour u.a. entwickelt wurde, können Entstehung und Entwicklung dieser Netzwerke abhängig sein von menschlichen ebenso wie von nicht-menschlichen Akteuren (etwa Theorien, Methoden, Technologien etc.). Die Unterschiede sowie Gemeinsamkeiten der hier untersuchten Netzwerke und deren (potentielle) Konsequenzen für bioethische und biopolitische Fragestellungen werden in der Arbeit diskutiert.
    Keywords: Eugenik ; Genomik ; Netzwerk ; Foucault ; Latour ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Logos und ousia (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Das Buch untersucht das interdependente Verhältnis von Sein und Sprache im Rekurs auf die aristotelischen Schriften Metaphysik, De Interpretatione und Topik. Entsprechend liefert es einen Beitrag zur ontologischen Forschung. Sein und Sprache machen die vom Menschen wahrnehmbare Wirklichkeit aus - als zwei Seiten einer Medaille. Die Frage nach dem Sein ist immer zugleich auch diejenige nach der Sprache. Über die bedeutsame Sprache wird der erkennende Zugang zum Sein möglich, das Sein wird in der Sprache offenbar. Die aristotelische Philosophie versteht sich in der Konsequenz als Erste Wissenschaft und vertritt einen übergreifenden Anspruch: grundsätzlich, im Rahmen der Frage nach der Sprache und dem Sein, kann ihr alles thematisch werden. Implizit wird damit nach nichts Geringerem als der Möglichkeit von Sprache, Kommunikation und Erkenntnis gefragt. Umgekehrt bedürfen Sprache und Erkenntnis der Referenz auf das Wirkliche, um bedeutsam und sinnerfüllt zu sein. Unter der Prämisse dieser doppelten Perspektive kann die aristotelische Philosophie ihren primärwissenschaftlichen Anspruch behaupten. Fundament der grundlegenden Wechselseitigkeit ist das to ti en einai, das wohl mit Recht als einer der wichtigsten Kernbegriffe der aristotelischen Philosophie bezeichnet werden kann.
    Keywords: Philosophie ; Philosophie der Antike ; Aristoteles ; Metaphysik ; Sprachphilosophie ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Les dimensions du temps. Le concept de temps dans l' oeuvre de Hegel (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Le temps est le concept de transition par excellence qui a certes son origine dans la Nature, mais qui permet aussi l'idée d'un développement de l'esprit - et c'est l'esprit (Geist) qui apparaît ensuite dans un autre cadre – le cadre de l'histoire. La difficulté d'une telle logique du temps, c'est de concevoir un seul concept du temps qui peut contenir deux sphéres opposées, celle de la nécessité dans la nature et celle de la liberté dans l'histoire.
    Keywords: Hegel ; Zeit ; Philosophie ; Deutscher Idealismus ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: French
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  • 11
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    Die Sittlichkeit der Sprache. Zur Sprachphilosophie Friedrich Nietzsches (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Andere Sprachen, andere Gedanken, andere Sitten! Nietzsche versucht in seinen späteren Werken unermüdlich energisch, gerade mit den sprachlichen Gründen und Hintergründen schonungslos die Scheinbarkeit und zugleich die Scheinheiligkeit der absoluten Wahrheit des traditionellen Metaphysikers zu demaskieren. Obwohl Nietzsche ganz fest überzeugt seine unerhört scharfe Sprachkritik des substanziellen Gedankens überhaupt geübt hatte, konnte sie selbst leider noch nicht tiefgreifend auf der vergleichenden intersprachlichen, sprachphilosophischen und nicht zuletzt interkulturellen Bedeutungsebene ausreichend untersucht werden. Um die wesentlichen, bedeutungsvollen Differenzen zwischen den Sprachen und zwischen den Kulturen zum Ausdruck zu bringen, mehr noch, um uns dadurch neue fruchtbare Perspektiven, welche uns bisher aufgrund der sprachlichen Bedingungen kaum möglich gewesen sind, zu eröffnen, nicht zuletzt um uns nicht in der schrecklich sich anfeindenden despektiven, sondern eben in der bereichernd-befreundeten respektiven Art und Weise miteinander und füreinander verständigen zu können, eben dazu habe ich gerne meinen interkulturellen Vergleich angestellt, weil wir schon längst im globalen Zeitalter, in welchem nicht bloß kommunikativ, sondern darüber hinaus innovativ zu vergleichen ist, leben. Dürfen wir uns doch schon mal mit den fremden Federn schmücken, um unsere eingeschränkten Lebensperspektiven weiter zu verfeinern? Die Sprache, sei es die Muttersprache oder sei es eine Fremdsprache, ist nämlich ein unermesslicher Abgrund, der sich immer wieder ergiebig erschließen lässt.
    Keywords: Nietzsches Sprachphilosophie ; Instrumentalisierung der Sprache ; Sprache und Denken ; grammatisches Subjekt ; philosophisches Subjekt ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Knowledge as a Mental State? A Study on Oxford Realism (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Subject of this book is an epistemological consideration concerning the nature of knowledge. But other than the most essays on the subject of knowledge, here I am going to deal with a largely overlooked account to try to find an answer to the question of knowledge. This is the mental state account of knowledge. Or to put it into the main question: is knowledge a mental state? Now, the question is: Why is the epistemic thinking of Cook Wilson, Prichard and Austin afflicted with such ignorance in contemporary epistemic discussions? The answer is: an unreflected Platonian heritage during 2000 years of epistemic thinking -- a notion which is similar to a point Hetherington has called ``epistemic absolutism''. So my main conclusion here is: the JTB thesis (knowledge is some aspect of justified true belief) is insufficient in order to give an account of the nature of knowledge. A consequence from this is: all the epistemic theories which are dealing with the JTB thesis are based on deficient assumptions. Hence their results -- notably the well-known externalism/internalism debate - are insufficient, too. So, there is a need for a new theory of knowledge based on the MS thesis.
    Keywords: Wissen ; Erkenntnistheorie ; John Cook Wilson ; Harold Arthur Prichard ; John Langshaw Austin ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Kierkegaards Sorge um die Welt (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Das Werk des dänischen Theologen und Philosophen Sören Kierkegaard (1813-1855) galt lange als apolitisch und der sozialen Wirklichkeit gleichgültig gegenüberstehend. Kierkegaards Kernbegriffe " Verzweiflung glqq und " Glaube glqq und seine zentrale Kategorie des " Einzelnen glqq ließen das stereotype Bild von Kierkegaard als Denker eines isolierten Individuums entstehen, das sich bis heute gehalten hat. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, dieses Bild zu korrigieren. Kierkegaards Denken, so soll argumentiert werden, enthält soziopolitische Implikationen, die sein gesamtes Werk durchziehen. Diese können heute nicht nur im Rahmen gesellschaftskritischer Überlegungen Beachtung finden, sondern erweisen sich darüber hinaus als äußerst anschlussfähig für zeitgenössische Diskussionen um den Begriff des Politischen.
    Keywords: Kierkegaard ; Politische Philosophi ; Verzweiflung ; Glaube ; Gesellschaftskritik ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCX History of ideas ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 -::HPCF3 Phenomenology & Existentialism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 -::HPCF7 Deconstructionism, Structuralism, Post-structuralism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates::HRAM1 Religious ethics ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates::HRAM2 Religion & politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCV Christian life & practice ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR7 Structuralism and Post-structuralism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates::QRAM1 Religious ethics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates::QRAM2 Religion and politics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity::QRMP Christian life and practice
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    What To Do About Conspiracy Theories? (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Increasingly social activists, journalists and policy makers have expressed concern over the proliferation of conspiracy theories in the public space. There is a growing fear of their impact on social cohesion and democracy, their power to erode trust in state institutions and science. These concerns often come with an expectation that it is the responsibility of academics to engage with conspiracy beliefs by countering them. But should they? In this book, contributors show that like everything that relates to conspiracy theories, even the answer to this question is not straightforward and can vary across disciplines and schools, can be influenced by disciplinary ethical codes of conduct, research methodologies, and specific approaches to conspiracy theories. Foregrounding a variety of approaches, from across disciplines (psychology, anthropology, sociology and media studies), academic seniority (from young scholars to full professors), and countries (USA, Ireland, UK, The Netherlands, Sweden, and Greece), the chapters in this book are in deep conversation with each other, offering multiple alternative takes on the issue of what should academics do with conspiracy theories. Together, the book embodies several bold and compelling provocations to dealing differently with conspiracy theories. This timely volume introduces perspectives of scholars representing media studies, anthropology, psychology and sociology and discusses case studies concerning politics, health, environment and security. It will be a key resource for researchers, scholars and practitioners engaged in these fields and will also appeal to anyone interested in conspiracy theories and other related phenomena such as disinformation or fake news. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal for Cultural Research.
    Keywords: Conspiracy Theories;Greek environmentalism;HPV immunisation;debunking conspiracy theories;media and communication ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNT Social law and Medical law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNQ IT and Communications law / Postal laws and regulations ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBW Internet: general works ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWC Political campaigning and advertising
    Language: English
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    Kants Antwort auf die Globalisierung (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Geschehnisse an irgendeinem Ort der Welt haben Folgen für jeden anderen Ort der Welt. Die Menschen sind voneinander abhängig, leben also in einer Schicksalsgemeinschaft. Diese wechselseitige weltweite Abhängigkeit wird besonders deutlich im Zuge wirtschaftlicher Verwerfungen, ökologischer Katastrophen oder sicherheitspolitischer Herausforderungen wie dem internationalen Terrorismus. In diesem Kontext ist auch die weltweite Finanz- und Bankenkrise 2008/2009 zu sehen, die zu einer noch nie da gewesenen globalen Absprache über Möglichkeiten der politischen Regulierung des Weltfinanzsystems geführt hat. Was bedeutet das für die immer noch hauptsächlich nationalstaatlich ausgerichtete Politik? Wie sollen die Menschen mit diesem Phänomen, genannt Globalisierung, welches jeden einzelnen konkret in seiner ganz persönlichen Lebenswelt betrifft, umgehen? Kurz: Es stellt sich die Frage nach politischer Steuerung der globalen Interaktionen auf allen gesellschaftlichen Ebenen. Kant gibt darauf die einzig realistische und zugleich die aktuell visionärste Antwort; denn er war sich bereits 1795 über die weltweite Abhängigkeit aller Menschen im Klaren und entwickelte deshalb das Weltbürgerrecht, welches ein dynamisches Instrument zur politischen Steuerung der Globalisierung hin zu einer friedlicheren Weltordnung demokratischer Staaten ist.
    Keywords: Kant ; Globalisierung ; Politische Philosophie ; Frieden ; Weltordnung ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFK Centrist democratic ideologies ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Vom Gebäude zum Gerüst (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Das Vergleichen philosophischer Texte gehört zum Hauptgeschäft der philosophischen Forschung. Sie setzt dabei oft Sichtweisen voraus, die sie zur Lektüre schon mitbringt. Dabei besteht stets die Gefahr, dass diese Sichtweisen ungewollt die Lektüre steuern: Wahrgenommen wird dann nur das, was einem die eigenen Voraussetzungen zu sehen erlauben. Daniel-Pascal Zorn stellt sich dieser Herausforderung. Er entwickelt eine radikal immanente Vergleichsmethode, die ganz ohne textäußere Kontexte auskommt. Im Zentrum steht dabei das Konzept der Reflexivität, die sich in philosophischen Begründungsfiguren, Prinzipien und Problemen ebenso wiederfinden lässt, wie in ihrer expliziten Thematisierung durch die philosophischen Texte selbst. Zorn entwickelt seinen Gedanken in Auseinandersetzung mit über 40 verschiedenen Philosophen, darunter Platon und Plotin, Hölderlin und Fichte, Spinoza und Kant. Er spannt damit zugleich einen Bogen, der über 2500 Jahre Philosophiegeschichte reicht. Das Buch eignet sich durch seinen didaktischen Aufbau hervorragend als Einführung in und Handbuch für die von Zorn vorgestellte Lektürehinsicht. Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Dissertationspreis der Eichstätter Universitätsgesellschaft 2015 ausgezeichnet.
    Keywords: Reflexivität ; Logik ; Dekonstruktion ; Dialektik ; Komplexität ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCA Western philosophy: Ancient, to c 500 ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCB Western philosophy: Medieval & Renaissance, c 500 to c 1600 ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCD Western philosophy: c 1600 to c 1900::HPCD1 Western philosophy: Enlightenment ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCX History of ideas ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPK Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPL Philosophy: logic ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::Y Children's, Teenage & educational::YQ Educational material ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHM Western philosophy: Enlightenment ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material
    Language: German
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    Chapter 9 Maintenance of Value and the Value of Maintenance (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Maintenance and Philosophy of Technology | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: What can we learn about the nature of technology by studying practices of maintenance and repair? This volume addresses this question by bringing together scholarship from philosophers of technology working at the forefront of this emerging and exciting topic. The chapters in this volume explore how attending to maintenance and repair can challenge and complement existing ways of thinking about technology focused on use and design and introduce new philosophical perspectives on the relationship between technology, time and human practice. They examine the significance of maintenance and repair practices at different scales in relation to a diverse range of philosophical traditions and a wide variety of technologies, from urban infrastructure such as bridges and buildings to data technologies such as servers and software systems. Together, the contributions highlight common themes in the philosophical study of maintenance, including the role of skill, the significance of social values and the potential of these practices to transform the technologies to which they are applied. By reflecting on the different ways in which we keep technologies going, from the devices we use in our homes to the large technical systems which surround us, this volume reveals the philosophical significance of practices of maintenance, not only as a source of new insights but also as a resource for enriching our understanding of a variety of existing topics in philosophy. Maintenance and Philosophy of Technology will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of technology, philosophy of engineering and science & technology studies.
    Keywords: Mark Thomas Young,Mark Coeckelbergh,philosophy of technology,philosophy of engineering,maintenance,repair,skill,infrastructure,function,value structure,artifacts,consumption,utilization,fragility,trustworthiness,housing,sustainability,disposability,inbuilt obsolescence,urban aesthetics,maintenance as care,data,AI maintenance,software maintenance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
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    Concept and Analysis (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The book aims to set out in which respects concepts are properly studied in philosophy, what methodological role the study of concepts has in philosophy's study of the world, why there are several viable methods of analysis and even conceptual analysis has its place here. Many of the considerations in this book nowadays are placed under the headline 'metaphilosophy'. The book starts with some bold theses in favour of a representationalist theory of meaning and concepts which serve as the background for the discussion in the following chapters. In contrast to paradigmatic ordinary language philosophy the book endorses a representationalist theory of meaning and concepts, thus agreeing with many of its critics in philosophy and the cognitive sciences. In contrast to many of these critics and supposedly the majority of cognitive scientists it endorses the viability of conceptual analysis as one method of philosophy. The book reflects on Frege's theory of concepts, because Frege's theory of concepts was one strand that inaugurated analytic philosophy. Frege's theory of sentential unity has barely been superseded, and the problems arising from Frege's understanding of concepts are still alive. Frege's theory and the related problems in Frege's logic as in the Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (most famously the antinomy known as 'Russell's Paradox' going back to Frege's 'Basic Law V') lead over to considering the proper approach to our concept of logic and the issue of psychological and ontological realism in logic and mathematics. The central part of the book starts by reconsidering the approach and the idea of ordinary language philosophy and its understanding of conceptual analysis. Although ordinary language philosophy cannot be the whole of analytic philosophy a proper understanding of conceptual analysis turns out to be one part of analytic philosophy. This part starts with a general discussion of ordinary language philosophy, but proceeds then by a methodological overview and attempts to engage in some ordinary language philosophy concerning epistemological topics.
    Keywords: Begriffe ; Begriffsanalyse ; Metaphilosophie ; Philosophie der Normalen Sprache ; Philosophie der Logik ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPK Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPL Philosophy: logic ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic
    Language: English
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    Arqueología y aleteiología (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: El presente volumen reúne catorce estudios publicados entre 1994 y 2014, en revistas especializadas de Europa y Latinoamérica. Los estudios abordan diferentes aspectos del pensamiento heideggeriano, tal como éste se desarrolla desde 1919 hasta comienzos de los años '30. Aunque no pueden verse como capítulos de una monografía unitaria, están estrechamente relacionados y se agrupan en torno de tres ejes temáticos fundamentales, claramente definidos, a saber: el vinculado con el carácter metódico de la concepción elaborada por Heidegger, el vinculado con su orientación básica a partir de la noción de verdad, en el sentido trascendental que alude a la apertura del ente a la comprensión, y el vinculado con la teoría del significado y el juicio, dentro del contexto polémico provisto por las principales concepciones elaboradas en la filosofía de la lógica alemana de fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX. Alejandro G. Vigo es Profesor Ordinario del Departamento de Filosofía e Investigador Principal del Instituto Cultura y Sociedad, de la Universidad de Navarra (Pamplona, España). Desde 2006 es Miembro Titular del Institut International de Philosophie (Francia). En 2010 recibió el Premio ``Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel'', concedido por la Fundación Alexander von Humboldt, en reconocimiento a su trayectoria en la investigación.
    Keywords: Philosophie ; Phänomenologie ; Hermeneutik ; Ontologie ; Heidegger ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: Spanish
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    Das Absurde bei Kleist (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Anna Kerkel studierte Neuere deutsche Literatur, Philosophie und Theaterwissenschaft in Bayreuth und Berlin. In diesem Band Und wenn wir Kleist bisher nur durch eine "grüne Brille" betrachtet haben? - Die vorliegende Arbeit wagt, diese Brille abzusetzen, um den Blick auf die verworrene, -- ja absurde Sprengkraft seiner Schriften zu wagen. Hinter der scheinbar blühenden, grün gefärbten Welt offenbart sich so eine rote Wüste. Mit Heinrich von Kleist vollzieht sich der Abschied von der Kunst als Begradigung der Widersprüche. Durch die Analyse des Unstimmigen, Unschönen und Trivialen sowie des Archaischen und Irrationalen in Kleists Werken kann das Phänomen des Absurden unabhängig von der existentialistischen Grundverfassung eines wartenden Godots nachgewiesen werden.
    Keywords: Heinrich von Kleist ; Philosophie des Absurden ; Sören Kierkegaard ; Albert Camus ; Theodor W. Adorno ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Rethinking Culture and Cultural Analysis (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The texts in this collection are revised versions of presentations given at the Coimbra International Conference on the Semantics of Culture emph Why ``Culture''?, held on November 24-25, 2011. Their common theme is the idea that the phenomenon of culture cannot be reduced to a substantialist vision of the diversity of manifestations of society and human beings. However, if one were to accept the concept of culture as a starting point for observing these manifestations, then it should also be adopted as a starting point for critical questioning, that is, for problematizing. The texts in this volume contribute to this philosophical problematization by pointing out - each with its own perspective of analysis - articulations of the phenomenon of culture as a theoretical object and as a thematic object.
    Keywords: Kultur / Culture ; Multikulturalität ; National Philosophies ; Comparative Studies ; Kulturphilosophie ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Die Logik des Könnens (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Was bedeutet es, einer Person eine praktische Fähigkeit zu attestieren? Und unter welchen Umständen sind derartige Fähigkeitszuschreibungen wahr, etwa die Behauptung, Max könne Gitarre spielen? Diese Fragen stehen im Zentrum der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Ihr Gegenstand ist die philosophisch-logische Analyse des Fähigkeitsbegriffs. Als Leitfaden dient eine Analyse normalsprachlicher Fähigkeitszuschreibungen, gemäß der Max genau dann Gitarre spielen kann, wenn er dies unter dafür angemessenen Bedingungen normalerweise erfolgreich tut. Drei in der Forschungsliteratur vorgeschlagene Systeme werden diskutiert, die zwar wertvolle Impulse für die formale Modellierung geben, als Vertreter des so genannten modalen Ansatzes aber von der Diagnose ontologischer Inadäquatheit betroffen sind: Die Entitäten, die als Fähigkeiten attribuiert werden, lassen sich nicht über Propositionen individuieren; ohne die explizite Referenz auf Handlungstypen, die eben gekonnt oder nicht gekonnt werden, bleibt Max' Fähigkeit, Gitarre zu spielen, unterbestimmt. Um diesen Einwand zu vermeiden, liegt demgemäß der hier vorgestellten Logik des Könnens ein Gegenstandsbereich zugrunde, dessen Struktur an der Ontologie von Handlungen orientiert ist.
    Keywords: Logik ; Können ; Fähigkeiten ; handlungstheorie ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Vom Gebäude zum Gerüst (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das philosophische Verhältnis von Michel Foucault zu Martin Heidegger ist eines der großen Rätsel des 20. Jahrhunderts. Einerseits ist Heidegger für Foucault, wie er in einem Interview bekennt, "stets ... der wesentliche Philosoph gewesen." Andererseits fehlt eine systematische Auseinandersetzung Foucaults mit Heidegger, mit der diese Aussage geprüft und konkretisiert werden könnte. Zwar gibt es gemeinsame Berührungspunkte (z. B. Kant, Nietzsche), die in der Forschung bereits breit diskutiert wurden. Eine Gesamteinschätzung des Verhältnisses der beiden Denker steht jedoch weiterhin aus. In seiner Arbeit vergleicht Daniel-Pascal Zorn beide Denker anhand einer - im Band Entwurf einer Komparatistik reflexiver Figurationen in der Philosophie entwickelten - immanenten Vergleichsmethode. Er zeigt, dass Foucault und Heidegger gleichermaßen von reflexiven Problemlagen ausgehen und ähnliche Lösungsstrategien verfolgen. Im Vergleich beider Denkentwicklungen wird aber auch deutlich, wie Foucault die dialektischen Fallstricke vermeidet, die Heideggers Denken zeitweise und in manchen Hinsichten auch endgültig in die Irre führten. Mit einem Vorwort von Peter Trawny Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Dissertationspreis der Eichstätter Universitätsgesellschaft 2015 ausgezeichnet.
    Keywords: Heidegger ; Foucault ; Reflexivität ; Phänomenologie ; Poststrukturalismus ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR7 Structuralism and Post-structuralism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic
    Language: German
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    Leben verstehen (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Die moderne Philosophie hat erkannt, dass sich Leben und Geschichte zwar auf differente Weise entwickeln, aber dennoch in wechselseitigem Bezug aufeinander einwirken. Die Aufsätze des ersten Bandes der neuen Reihe "Philosophie und Sozialtheorie" (PhSt) greifen diese Entwicklung in ihren verschiedenen Facetten auf. Ausgehend von Dilthey und seiner Schule als prominenten Vertretern der Lebensphilosophie und einer Grundlegung der Hermeneutik finden sich hier Beiträge zu Schopenhauer, Simmel, Bergson und wichtigen georgischen Repräsentanten der Philosophie des Lebens (Grigol Robakidze, Aleksandre Janelidze, Zurab Kakabadze). Eine Ausweitung der Perspektiven bieten die Beiträge über einen geschichtsphilosophischen Topos (Athen und Jerusalem), zur Bedeutung des Mythos für die Philosophie Hans Blumenbergs, zur Klimatheorie des japanischen Philosophen Watsuji sowie zum Vergleich als Grundfigur und einer der zentralen Operationen des menschlichen Geistes.
    Keywords: Geisteswissenschaften ; Philosophie ; Neurophilosophie ; Interkulturelle Philosophie ; Lebensphilosophie und Hermeneutik ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Herausforderungen der Moderne aus wissenschaftsphilosophischer Sicht (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Sechs Essays erörtern in diesem Band die Vielschichtigkeit der Moderne aus wissenschaftsphilosophischer Sicht. beginitemize item Wie und warum sind Gläubige oft unabsichtlich blasphemisch? item Warum und wie dürfen Fundamentalisten kulturell modernisiert werden? item Wie und warum hängt Demokratie mit der Aufklärung zusammen? item Wie könne man Tier und Mensch in ethischer Hinsicht scharf voneinander tr ennen? item Warum ist Begriffsarmut in modernen Gesellschaften eine ernsthafte Herausf orderung? item Wie gestaltet sich unsere Denkweise als eine diskursive Universalität? enditemize Kurzum, warum ist die menschliche Unzulänglichkeit so überwältigend, und warum ist ein andauerndes Verbesserungsstreben in modernen Gesellschaften vonnöten? Der Autor, Gunnar Skirbekk, ist Professor für Wissenschaftsphilosophie an der Universität Bergen und Gründer des dortigen Zentrums für Wissenschaftstheorie. Seine Texte sind in mehr als 20 Sprachen erschienen. Zu den deutschsprachigen Büchern gehören Wahrheitstheorien (1977), Geschichte der Philosophie (1993) und Praxeologie der Moderne (2002).
    Keywords: Modernitätstheorie ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Religion und Moderne ; Aufklärung und Demokratie ; Diskursive Universalität ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion
    Language: German
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    Husserlsche Phänomenologie (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Die unter dem Titel Husserlsche Phänomenologie neu aufgelegte und von zehn auf siebzehn erweiterte Sammlung der zwischen 1995 und 2014 entstanden bzw. verstreut veröffentlichten Beiträge des Autors bieten Einblicke in systematische Probleme phänomenologischen Philosophierens, in Husserls Bezugnahme auf Vorläufer und Ideengeber seines "Neuanfangs" der Philosophie und in dessen Rezeption sowohl durch "Schüler" als auch durch Philosophen, die sich der phänomenologischen Richtung selbst nicht zurechnen. Der erste Schwerpunkt der Beiträge liegt auf den mit der Lebensphilosophie geteilten intuitiven Erkenntnisverfahren, dem Bestehen auf dem anschaulichen Charakter allgemeiner Gegenstände und einer entsprechend motivierten Wissenschaftskritik. Der zweite Schwerpunkt widmet sich Husserls Bezugnahme auf historische "Vordenker" (Platon, Leibniz) und auf die zeitgenössische Lebensphilosophie (Scheler, Dilthey, Spengler) und deren Kulturkritik. Die Beiträge des dritten Schwerpunktes gehen der originellen Interpretation phänomenologischer Ansätze bzw. Begrifflichkeiten bei Schülern (Spet) und bei Vertretern des Marburger Neukantianismus (Natorp, Cassirer, M. Adler, N. Hartmann) nach, die die Phänomenologie wertschätzen, sich mit ihr aber nicht identifizieren. Eine Besonderheit der zum Wiederabdruck gebrachten Beiträge ist darin zu sehen, daß in ihnen immer auch der Beziehung Cassirers und seiner "Philosophie der symbolischen Formen" zur Husserlschen Phänomenologie nachgegangen wird. Christian Möckel studierte Philosophie in Skt. Petersburg, promovierte und habilitierte an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, wo er als apl. Professor für Philosophie lehrt, hatte Gastprofessuren in Maputo und Hamburg inne, ist langjährig mit phänomenologischen Studien und mit Cassirer-Forschung bzw. der Edition seines Nachlasses befaßt, seit 2014 als Herausgeber der "Nachgelassenen Manuskripte und Texte".
    Keywords: Phänomenologie ; Lebensphilosophie ; Neukantianismus ; Anschauung ; Vernunft ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic
    Language: German
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    Der Engel und der Spiegel (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Dichter, Literat, Philosoph? Empirist, Rationalist, Strukturalist? Zu Paul Valéry gibt es höchst unterschiedliche Interpretationen, die aber oft nur die eine oder die andere Dimension seines Werkes berücksichtigen. Dieses Buch hingegen möchte die Vielfältigkeit und die Widersprüche seiner Reflexionen nicht ignorieren oder als Gedankenfehler betrachten, sondern versuchen, die daraus resultierenden theoretischen und ethischen Implikationen fruchtbar zu machen. Dabei liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass die Philosophie Valérys den Menschen in seiner Ambiguität analysiert und diese zugleich als besondere Chance versteht. Denn die Widersprüche des menschlichen Lebens -- wie die Unmöglichkeit der Harmonie zwischen Körper und Geist, sowie die Unmöglichkeit, sich selbst und die Welt aus einer rein geistigen Sicht zu begreifen -- nicht als Scheitern, sondern als die besondere Möglichkeit des Menschen begriffen werden sollten, durch das Gestalten der eigenen Welt eine sinnvolle Existenz zu leben.
    Keywords: Paul Val'ery ; Philosophie ; Bewusstsein ; Moi pur ; Ausdruck ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Axiome der Klassischen Mechanik (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die axiomatisierte Darstellung einer mathematischen Theorie gilt traditionell als ein Ideal der Wissenschaftlichkeit. Euklids 'Elemente' und Newtons 'Mathematische Prinzipien der Naturphilosophie' werden oft als epochale Werke der Axiomatik genannt. Von vorerst unbewiesenen Prinzipien oder Axiomen, die in materieller wie auch formaler Hinsicht tragende Säulen des jeweiligen Wissensgebäudes bilden, werden weitere Gesetze und Theoreme über logische Beziehungen und sachbezogene Zusatzannahmen gefolgert. Man gewinnt den Eindruck, die ganze Theorie im Blick zu haben, ohne dabei das einzelne Phänomen zu verlieren. Heute hat die axiomatisierte Darstellung einer wissenschaftlichen Theorie allerdings nicht mehr diejenige Selbstverständlichkeit, die ihr bis ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein zugekommen ist. Das gilt besonders für die Repräsentation von naturwissenschaftlichen Theorien. Von Seiten vieler Physiker und Wissenschaftstheoretiker findet man immer wieder den Vorwurf der gedanklichen Starre und Unangemessenheit, die bei der Entdeckung von neuartigen Gesetzen sogar hinderlich sein könne. Das eben angedeutete Spannungsfeld zwischen logischer Analyse und empirischer Gesetzmäßigkeit in der Beurteilung von axiomatisierten Theorien ist der Ausgangspunkt, von dem aus diese Untersuchung ansetzt. Das Buch konzentriert sich dabei auf eine systematische Betrachtung der Klassischen Mechanik des 20. Jahrhunderts, als diese einerseits zu einer bewährten, umfassend mathematisierten Naturwissenschaft herangewachsen war und andererseits durch neuere Mechaniken (Quantentheorie und Relativitätstheorie) eingeschränkt wurde. Entsprechend gibt es erkenntnistheoretische Gründe für die gewandelte Auffassung über Axiomatik, die im Buch beleuchtet werden. Verfehlte Kritiken wie auch echte Repräsentationsprobleme von Axiomatisierungen, die bei empirischen Gesetzen auftreten, stehen im Vordergrund. Dabei wird vor allem die neuere, wegweisende Variante eines Begründungsversuchs betrachtet, die als 'axiomatische Methode' nach dem Göttinger Mathematiker David Hilbert (1862-1943) bekannt ist. Entscheidend ist hierbei, dass nur systematische Kennzeichnungen der konstitutiven Begriffe und Gesetze im axiomatischen Aufbau betrachtet werden. Ausgeklammert werden axiomatische Aussagen darüber, woraus die Objekte 'materiell' bestehen, was sie 'sind'. Das eröffnet die Möglichkeit, allein Systemmerkmale zur logischen Beurteilung der wissenschaftlichen Theorie heranzuziehen. In dem Buch wird die Umsetzung der axiomatischen Methode auf dem Gebiet der Klassischen Mechanik durch den Mechanik-Experten Georg Hamel (1877-1954) untersucht. Eines von Hamels Hauptwerken, die 'Axiome der Mechanik' von 1927, stellt ein umfassendes Axiomensystem der Klassischen Mechanik dar. Der Titel des Buches orientiert sich entsprechend an Hamels Schrift, um die These zu unterstreichen, dass Hamel den vereinheitlichenden wie regressiven Anspruch der axiomatischen Methode tatsächlich auf dem Gebiet der Mechanik aufzeigen konnte. Als wesentliche Besonderheit werden nach Hamel mehrere traditionelle 'Zugänge' zur Klassischen Mechanik nebeneinander gestellt, die in ihrer formalen Struktur deutliche Unterschiede aufweisen: die Punktmechanik, die Mechanik starrer Körper, die Kontinuumsmechanik und die analytische Mechanik. Es werden erstmals Grenzübergänge zwischen diesen verschiedenen Zugängen zur Klassischen Mechanik aufgezeigt, eine Analyse, die mit dem so genannten sechsten Problem Hilberts maßgeblich identifiziert wird. Im Resultat wird illustriert, dass es übertrieben formalistische Vorstellungen vom logischen Ideal einer Axiomatisierung waren und sind, die zu ihrer Ablehnung in wissenschaftlichen Kreisen geführt haben. Gemeint ist vor allem die aktuell diskutierte 'semantische Sichtweise' auf wissenschaftliche Theorien. In einer Rückbesinnung auf informelle Axiomatisierungen nach Hilbert und Hamel werden schließlich die entscheidenden Impulse für ein modernes und vielseitiges Theorieverständnis der Klassischen Mechanik gesehen.
    Keywords: Wissenschaftstheorie ; Klassische Mechanik ; axiomatische Methode ; Hilberts 6. Problem ; Georg Hamel ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Maintenance and Philosophy of Technology (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: What can we learn about the nature of technology by studying practices of maintenance and repair? This volume addresses this question by bringing together scholarship from philosophers of technology working at the forefront of this emerging and exciting topic. The chapters in this volume explore how attending to maintenance and repair can challenge and complement existing ways of thinking about technology focused on use and design and introduce new philosophical perspectives on the relationship between technology, time and human practice. They examine the significance of maintenance and repair practices at different scales in relation to a diverse range of philosophical traditions and a wide variety of technologies, from urban infrastructure such as bridges and buildings to data technologies such as servers and software systems. Together, the contributions highlight common themes in the philosophical study of maintenance, including the role of skill, the significance of social values and the potential of these practices to transform the technologies to which they are applied. By reflecting on the different ways in which we keep technologies going, from the devices we use in our homes to the large technical systems which surround us, this volume reveals the philosophical significance of practices of maintenance, not only as a source of new insights but also as a resource for enriching our understanding of a variety of existing topics in philosophy. Maintenance and Philosophy of Technolog will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of technology, philosophy of engineering and science & technology studies.
    Keywords: Mark Thomas Young,Mark Coeckelbergh,philosophy of technology,philosophy of engineering,maintenance,repair,skill,infrastructure,function,value structure,artifacts,consumption,utilization,fragility,trustworthiness,housing,sustainability,disposability,inbuilt obsolescence,urban aesthetics,maintenance as care,data,AI maintenance,software maintenance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
    Language: English
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    Die politische Philosophie in den frühen Dialogen Platons (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Dieser Band bietet eine moderne, allgemeinverständliche Einführung in die politische Philosophie Platons. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass diese sich nicht erst in der Politeia und ab den mittleren Dialogen finden lässt, sondern dass die wesentlichen Grundsätze bereits in den Frühdialogen enthalten sind und diese somit - bei allen Brüchen im Spätwerk - auf die mittleren und späten Dialoge hinführen. Das expertokratische Politikverständnis, wonach der wahre Politiker über das politische Expertenwissen verfügen und die Kardinaltugenden besitzen muss, wird bereits in den frühen Dialogen entwickelt und in der Politeia, dem Politikos und den Nomoi konkretisiert und weiterentwickelt. Das große Ziel der politischen Expertise (politik ^e techn ^e) ist für Platon dabei nicht weniger als die Glückseligkeit des gesamten Gemeinwesens, indem die Mitbürger an der Seele so gut wie möglich gemacht werden. Deshalb müssen die Politiker Philosophen sein, denn nur diese verfügen über Weisheit (sophia) sowie die übrigen Tugenden und können demnach nicht von der Macht korrumpiert werden. Wichtig hierbei ist die Bedeutung der Dialektik und der Elenktik für die Seelenbesserung und damit für die politik ^e techn ^e, die in Bezug auf Platons politische Theorie oft übersehen und insbesondere in den Frühdialogen häufig demonstriert werden.
    Keywords: Politik ; Ethik ; Glück ; Dialektik ; Sokrates ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Kritik und Selbstsubjektivierung (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Foucaults machttheoretische Schriften beschreiben, wie die Macht auf das Subjekt einwirkt und die Konstitution seiner Subjektivität beeinflusst. Seine letzten Arbeiten skizzieren die Möglichkeit des Subjekts, von diesen Formen fremdbestimmter Subjektivität Abstand zu nehmen und einen Prozess der Selbstbestimmung zu initiieren. Der vorliegende Text nimmt sich vor, Foucaults Auffassung eines solchen Selbstbestimmungsprozesses zu rekonstruieren. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Idee der Entunterwerfung schon in den genealogischen Schriften implizit vorhanden ist.
    Keywords: Michel Foucault ; Selbstsubjektivierung ; Normativität ; Selbsterfindung ; ethos ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Geschmack und Urteilskraft bei Pierre Bourdieu und Hannah Arendt (2023)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Die theoretische Reichweite des Begriffs des Geschmacks von Kunst und Kultur auszuweiten, insbesondere auf das Feld der Politik, stellt einen Schnittpunkt der philosophischen Programme von zwei sehr unterschiedlichen DenkerInnen des 20. Jahrhunderts dar. Ausgehend von Pierre Bourdieus und Hannah Arendts jeweiligen Herangehensweisen an Kants "Kritik der Urteilskraft" werden Vergleich und wechselseitige Kritik der beiden philosophischen Standpunkte entwickelt. Auch die Philosophie erweist sich dabei als Geschmackssache, allerdings als eine, in der gute Gründe zählen. Der Autor plädiert für eine Theorie des Urteils und eine Praxis des Urteilens, die sich auf die realen gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse beziehen. Matthias Meindl, Studium der Philosophie an der Freien Universität Berlin und der Russistik und Germanistik an der Humboldt-Universität. Theoretische Schwerpunkte: Schnittpunkte zwischen ästhetischer und politischer Theorie sowie Kultur, Kunst und Literatur im postkommunistischen Russland.
    Keywords: Kant ; das Politische ; Little Rock ; Eichmann ; gesellschaftliche Felder ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Chapter 10 The Ethics of Genetic Enhancement (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The desire to transform ourselves into something better than we are now is as old as humanity. But the ability to use biomedical technologies to enhance our capacities is new. In this chapter, we will distinguish different forms of enhancement – for example, environmental, biochemical, and genetic interventions aimed at improving existing capacities. But we will focus on genetic enhancement. We will ask whether there is any interesting difference between treating diseases and enhancing existing capacities. We will discuss reasons people may have to enhance their children, and moral concerns that opponents of enhancement have expressed, such as discrimination against disabled or unenhanced people in a world in which enhancement is common. Finally, we will address how to think about human enhancement from a social standpoint, where each person's choices to enhance themselves or their children has network effects on the human population as a whole.
    Keywords: Ethics, genetic enhancement, biomedical, bioethics, treatment, medical, health, disability ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Zeichen der Gegenwart (2023)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Sowohl auf sprachlogischer als auch auf ontologischer Ebene wies Luthers Entfaltung des christologischen Lehrstückes der Idiomenkommunikation von Beginn an die Gestalt einer wechselseitigen Mitteilung der Eigenschaften zwischen göttlicher und menschlicher Natur auf. Solch ein eigenartiger Bezug auf ein relativ traditionelles theologisches Element ließ den Reformator eine Art von Theopaschie postulieren, die kaum vereinbar mit den meisten altkirchlichen Dogmen sowie mit den klassischen philosophischen Axiomen war. Dennoch bildete sie den Kern seiner Theologie. Dieser Punkt motivierte stark ablehnenden Reaktionen einerseits, strenge Verteidigungen andererseits. Eine wenigstens nominale Kompromisslösung konnten die Fronten erst mit der Konkordienformel (1577) erreichen. In dieser Stiftung einer reichsrechtlich anerkennbaren und theologisch glaubwürdigen Konfession bestand ein notwendiger Schritt zur Entstehung einer reifen lutherischen Kirche und Orthodoxie, aber zu welchem Preis? Offensichtlich waren die Mittel des vororthodoxistischen Luthertums unzureichend, um seine Bedürfnisse in Treue zum Wortlaut Luthers abzudecken. Von allem, was am Ende verloren ging, kann man jedoch den Spuren noch folgen. Diese Untersuchung zielt genau darauf ab, die Komplexität von den geflochtenen Linien zurückzugeben, die zur Entstehung des anscheinend einfachen Ergebnisses einer Kompromisslösung führten – in der Überzeugung, ihr Echo sei genauso mächtig wie das Echo von dem, was bleiben konnte.
    Keywords: Christologie ; Abendmahlslehre ; Lutherthum ; Konfessionalisierung ; vorkonkordistische Zeit ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates::HRAM7 Blasphemy, heresy, apostasy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates::HRAM9 Religious intolerance, persecution & conflict ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAX History of religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCC Christian Churches & denominations ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCC Christian Churches & denominations::HRCC9 Protestantism & Protestant Churches ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates::QRAM6 Religious fundamentalism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates::QRAM9 Religious intolerance, persecution and conflict ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity::QRMB Christian Churches, denominations, groups ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity::QRMB Christian Churches, denominations, groups::QRMB3 Protestantism and Protestant Churches
    Language: German
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    Evidential Pluralism in the Social Sciences (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This volume contends that Evidential Pluralism—an account of the epistemology of causation, which maintains that in order to establish a causal claim one needs to establish the existence of a correlation and the existence of a mechanism—can be fruitfully applied to the social sciences. Through case studies in sociology, economics, political science and law, it advances new philosophical foundations for causal enquiry in the social sciences. The book provides an account of how to establish and evaluate causal claims and it offers a new way of thinking about evidence-based policy, basic social science research and mixed methods research. As such, it will appeal to scholars with interests in social science research and methodology, the philosophy of science and evidence-based policy.
    Keywords: causality;correlation;economics;evidence;evidence-based policy;evidential pluralism;law;legal studies;mechanism;mixed methods research;psychology;research methods;science;social science;sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Debating African Philosophy (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In African countries there has been a surge of intellectual interest in foregrounding ideas and thinkers of African origin—in philosophy as in other disciplines—that have been unjustly ignored or marginalized. African scholars have demonstrated that precolonial African cultures generated ideas and arguments which were at once truly philosophical and distinctively African, and several contemporary African thinkers are now established figures in the philosophical mainstream. Yet, despite the universality of its themes, relevant contributions from African philosophy have rarely permeated global philosophical debates. Critical intellectual excavation has also tended to prioritize precolonial thought, overlooking more recent sources of home-grown philosophical thinking such as Africa’s intellectually rich liberation movements. This book demonstrates the potential for constructive interchange between currents of thought from African philosophy and other intellectual currents within philosophy. Chapters authored by leading and emerging scholars: recover philosophical thinkers and currents of ideas within Africa and about Africa, bringing them into dialogue with contemporary mainstream philosophy; foreground the relevance of African theorizing to contemporary debates in epistemology, philosophy of language, moral/political philosophy, philosophy of race, environmental ethics and the metaphysics of disability; make new interventions within on-going debates in African philosophy; consider ways in which philosophy can become epistemically inclusive, interrogating the contemporary call for ‘decolonization’ of philosophy. Showing how foregrounding Africa—its ideas, thinkers and problems—can help with the project of renewing and improving the discipline of philosophy worldwide, this book will stimulate and challenge everyone with an interest in philosophy, and is essential reading for upper-level undergraduate students, postgraduate students and scholars of African and Africana philosophy.
    Keywords: Africa, Bioethics, Black, Comparative, Cultural, Decolonial, Decolonizing, Language, Guilt, History, Identity, Philosophy, Politics, Race, Slavery, ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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    What Even Is Gender? (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Debates about gender are everywhere. Is it an inner identity, a biological fact, or an oppressive system? Should we respect it or resist it? What Even Is Gender? shifts the conversation in a fresh direction, arguing that these debates rest on a shared mistake: the idea that there is one thing called "gender" that both sides are arguing about. The authors distinguish a range of phenomena that established vocabulary often lumps together. This sheds light on the equivocations and false dichotomies of "gender" talk, and how they deny many of us the tools to make our needs, experiences, and concerns intelligible to others or even to ourselves. The authors develop a conceptual toolkit that helps alleviate the harms that result from the limitations of familiar approaches. They propose a pluralistic concept of "gender feels" that distinguishes among our experiences of diverse facets of gendered life. They develop a flexible approach to gender categories that reflects the value of self-determination. And they suggest that what we need is not one universal language of gender but an awareness of individual variation and a willingness to adjust to changing contexts and circumstances. A bold and thought-provoking approach to thinking about gender, What Even Is Gender? will be of great interest to those in philosophy, gender studies, sociology, and LGBTQIA+ studies.
    Keywords: ethics ; feminism ; gender ; identity ; sex ; trans ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 15 Relational normative thought in Ubuntu and Neo-republicanism (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Debating African Philosophy | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Anglo-American and European normative philosophy is essentially individualist in character, while African philosophy is of a collectivist kind. Such general statements are common within the comparative literature on these philosophical traditions. Individualism considers the individual, taken separately, to be of sole and ultimate concern. Thaddeus Metz develops an alternative account based on the fundamental value of harmonious relationships without invoking any perfectionist underpinning. In fact, Metz’s approach does not pertain to character. Republicanism arguably formulates the most powerful challenge to liberalism within contemporary Anglo-American and European philosophy. The republican tradition is older than the liberal one, going back to Athens and Rome and the adaptation of ancient political thought in the early modern period. Proponents of the philosophy of Ubuntu consider humane relationships as the core concern of normative thought. Republicanism, by contrast, starts from a negative account of what kind of relationships should be avoided, namely relationships of domination.
    Keywords: Africa, Bioethics, Black, Comparative, Cultural, Decolonial, Decolonizing, Language, Guilt, History, Identity, Philosophy, Politics, Race, Slavery, ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement provides readers with a philosophically rich and scientifically grounded analysis of human enhancement and its ethical implications. A landmark in the academic literature, the volume covers human enhancement in genetic engineering, neuroscience, synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, and many other fields. The Handbook includes a diverse and multifaceted collection of 30 chapters—all appearing here in print for the first time— that reveal the fundamental ethical challenges related to human enhancement. The chapters have been written by internationally recognized leaders in the field and are organized into seven parts: Historical Background and Key Concepts, Human Enhancement and Human Nature, Physical Enhancement, Cognitive Enhancement, Mood Enhancement and Moral Enhancement, Human Enhancement and Medicine, Legal, Social, and Political Implications. The depth and topical range of the Handbook makes it an essential resource for upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows in a broad variety of disciplinary areas. Furthermore, it is an authoritative reference for basic scientists, philosophers, engineers, physicians, lawyers, and other professionals who work on the topic of human enhancement.
    Keywords: Ethics, genetic enhancement, biomedical, bioethics, treatment, medical, health, disability ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Latour for Architects (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Bruno Latour is one of the leading figures in Social Sciences today, but his contributions are also widely recognised in the arts. His theories ‘flourished’ in the 1980s in the aftermath of the structuralism wave and generated new concepts and methodologies for the understanding of the social. In the past decade, Latour and his Actor-Network Theory (ANT) have gained popularity among researchers in the field of architecture. Latour for Architects is the first introduction to the key concepts and ideas of Bruno Latour that are relevant to architects. First, the book discusses critically how specific methods and insights from his philosophy can inspire new thinking in architecture and design pedagogy. Second, it explores examples from architectural practice and urban design, and reviews recent attempts to extend the methods of ANT into the fields of architectural and urban studies. Third, the book advocates an ANT-inspired approach to architecture, and examines how its methodological insights can trace new research avenues in the field, reflecting meticulously on its epistemological offerings. Drawing on many lively examples from the world of architectural practice, the book makes a compelling argument about the agency of architectural design and the role architects can play in re-ordering the world we live in. Following Latour’s philosophy offers a new way to handle all the objects of human and nonhuman collective life, to re-examine the role of matter in design practice, and to redefine the forms of social, political and ethical associations that bind us together in cities.
    Keywords: Actor-Network Theory for Architects;Actor-Network-Theory;Bruno Latour;Cosmos and Cosmopolitics;Invisible Cities;Symmetric Anthropology;Thinkers for Architects ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 5 The Recognition Paradigm Between Universalism and Historicism (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This chapter will, first, reconstructs Axel Honneth’s account of the significance of recognition in his book The Struggle for Recognition and track some of the unresolved tensions in it and their role in Honneth’s subsequent work. The final part of the chapter focusses on Honneth’s more recent monograph The Freedom’s Right, in which an oscillation of his position between universalism and historicism or relativism pauses in the latter end. This limits the applicability of the theory outside the confines of Europe or the West. It turns out that the reconstruction and immanent critique of Honneth’s work, however, supports recognition-theoretical universalism.
    Keywords: particularism, personhood, recognition, philosophy, Honneth, universalism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 - ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800
    Language: English
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    Der Mensch in der Verantwortung (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Die Frage nach dem Leid angesichts des Glaubens an den einen Gott, der im Christentum üblicherweise als allmächtig, gütig und allwissend gedacht wird, ist eine der zentralen Fragen der Menschheitsgeschichte, die auch heute noch regelmäßig und intensiv reflektiert und diskutiert wird. Durch die Erfahrung der Shoah stellt sich diese Frage, die als Theodizeefrage bezeichnet wird, für das Judentum, aber auch für das Christentum noch drängender, als dies zuvor ohnehin schon der Fall war. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Antwortansätze, welche der jüdische Philosoph Hans Jonas, die christliche Theologin Dorothee Sölle und der jüdische Theologe Abraham Joshua Heschel angesichts der Shoah im Hinblick auf die Theodizeefrage entwickelt haben, dargestellt sowie aus christlich-theologischer Perspektive kritisch beleuchtet und weitergedacht. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hierbei, ob und wie angesichts der Shoah die (All-)Macht, das Handeln und das Leiden Gottes gedacht werden können. Im Hinblick auf die Menschen steht die Frage im Fokus, worin die menschliche Verantwortung für und angesichts von Leid besteht. Raphael Döhn, geb. 1989, ist ein evangelischer Theologe mit dem Fachgebiet Systematische Theologie. Von 2015 bis 2020 war er Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Institut für Evangelische Theologie an der Universität Kassel, seit 2020 Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Fachbereich Evangelische Theologie an der Universität Marburg. Er promovierte mit einer Studie zur Theodizeefrage in christlichen und jüdischen Entwürfen des 20. Jahrhunderts, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Gesamtwerke von Hans Jonas, Dorothee Sölle und Abraham Joshua Heschel. Sonstige Schwerpunkte in Forschung und Lehre sind u.a. das Verhältnis von Krieg und Frieden im Denken von Hans Jonas, Schöpfungstheologie sowie Jugendtheologie.
    Keywords: Religion ; Philosophy ; Technology & Engineering ; Agriculture ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
    Language: German
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    Models and Theories (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Models and theories are of central importance in science, and scientists spend substantial amounts of time building, testing, comparing and revising models and theories. It is therefore not surprising that the nature of scientific models and theories has been a widely debated topic within the philosophy of science for many years. The product of two decades of research, this book provides an accessible yet critical introduction to the debates about models and theories within analytical philosophy of science since the 1920s. Roman Frigg surveys and discusses key topics and questions, including: What are theories? What are models? And how do models and theories relate to each other? The linguistic view of theories (also known as the syntactic view of theories), covering different articulations of the view, its use of models, the theory-observation divide and the theory-ladenness of observation, and the meaning of theoretical terms. The model-theoretical view of theories (also known as the semantic view of theories), covering its analysis of the model-world relationship, the internal structure of a theory, and the ontology of models. Scientific representation, discussing analogy, idealisation and different accounts of representation. Modelling in scientific practice, examining how models relate to theories and what models are, classifying different kinds of models, and investigating how robustness analysis, perspectivism, and approaches committed to uncertainty-management deal with multi-model situations. Models and Theories is the first comprehensive book-length treatment of the topic, making it essential reading for advanced undergraduates, researchers, and professional philosophers working in philosophy of science and philosophy of technology. It will also be of interest to philosophically minded readers working in physics, computer sciences and STEM fields more broadly.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Bias, Belief, and Conviction in an Age of Fake Facts (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this book, authors engage in an interdisciplinary discourse of theory and practice on the concept of personal conviction, addressing the variety of grey zones that mark the concept. Bias, Belief, and Conviction in an Age of Fake Facts discusses where our convictions come from and whether we are aware of them, why they compel us to certain actions, and whether we can change our convictions when presented with opposing evidence that prove our personal convictions ""wrong"". Scholars from Philosophy, Psychology, Comparative Literature, Media Studies, Applied Linguistics, Intercultural Communication, and Education shed light on the topic of personal conviction, crossing disciplinary boundaries and asking questions not only of importance to scholars but related to the role and possible impact of conviction in the public sphere, education, and in political and cultural discourse. By taking a critical look at personal conviction as an element of inquiry within the humanities and social sciences, this book will contribute substantially to the study of conviction as an aspect of the self we all carry within us and are called upon to examine. It will be of particular interest to scholars in communication and journalism studies, media studies, philosophy, and psychology.
    Keywords: Communication studies;Comparative literature;Conviction;Cultural discourse;Education studies;Fake facts;Intercultural communication;Journalism studies;Media studies;Morality;Moral conviction;Personal conviction;Philosophy;Political discourse;Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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    Bedingungen und Einstellungen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Natürliche, ökonomische und soziokulturelle Bedingungen bestimmen das Leben menschlicher Individuen und Gruppen, die verschiedene Einstellungen gegenüber dem, was es gibt, entwickeln können und immer wieder lernen, mit dem Bestehenden auf unterschiedliche Weise umzugehen.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Modelle als Mittel der Erkenntnisgewinnung im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das Nutzen von Modellen ist konstitutiv für die Fachwissenschaft der Chemie und in der Folge auch für chemiebezogene Lehr-/Lernumgebungen. Um die Modellnutzung im schulischen Chemieunterricht erfolgreich zu integrieren, bedarf es daher der systematischen Aufbereitung des vielschichtigen Begriffs "Modell", der Verknüpfung mit kompetenzorientierten Bildungsstandards sowie der Prüfung der theoretischen Konzeptualisierung an empirischen Befunden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde zu diesem Zweck ein chemiespezifischer Begriffsvorschlag gemacht, der erkenntnistheoretische und fachdidaktische Arbeiten in einem messbaren Strukturvorschlag für die hypothetisch-deduktive Modellnutzung synthetisiert. Die so erhaltene Beschreibung von Modellobjekten mit vier hierarchisch geschachtelten Modellkomponenten (kleinste Sinneinheiten, Relationen, Operationen, Regeln) wurde für problemorientierte Multiple-Choice-Leistungsaufgaben operationalisiert. Nach mehreren qualitativen und quantitativen Iterationen zur Qualitätssicherung des Testinstruments blieb diese Vierdimensionalität nach Item-Response-Theorie-Skalierungen empirisch plausibel und kann zukünftig zur Orientierung in einem sehr heterogenen Begriffsfeld dienen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die vorgeschlagene Strukturierung von Modellnutzung in der Chemie zielführend ist und trägt auf diese Weise zu einer übersichtlicheren Anwendung beim Lehren und Lernen von Chemie bei.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Education ; Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Chemiebezogene Kompetenzen in der Übergangsphase zwischen dem Sachunterricht der Primarstufe und dem Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I (Volume 336) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemiebezogene Kompetenzen werden bereits im Sachunterricht der Grundschule entwickelt und sollen im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt werden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die chemiebezogenen Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler in der Übergangsphase zwischen Sachunterricht und Chemieunterricht zu analysieren. In einer Ergänzungsstudie wurden zusätzlich sowohl die Auswirkungen der Schulschließungen aufgrund der SARS-CoV-II Pandemie auf die Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler als auch der Einfluss einer veränderten Testadministration untersucht. Insgesamt wurden die Kompetenzen von 2262 Lernenden der Jahrgangsstufen 5 bis 9 zu drei Messzeitpunkten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die chemiebezogenen Kompetenzen sowohl zum Ende der Grundschulzeit als auch zu Beginn des Chemieunterrichts über alle Kompetenzbereiche hinweg sehr heterogen ausfallen. Dennoch sind sie zu Beginn des Chemieunterrichts in einigen Kompetenzbereichen höher ausgeprägt als zum Ende der Grundschulzeit. Nach den pandemiebedingten Schulschließungen waren die Kompetenzen ähnlich ausgeprägt wie in den gleichen Jahrgangsstufen vor den Schulschließungen. Eine während der Schulschließungen notwendige Bearbeitung der Testhefte von zu Hause aus führte vor allem bei den jüngeren Schülerinnen und Schülern zu besseren Testergebnissen als die Bearbeitung in der Schule. Um die Entwicklung chemiebezogener Kompetenzen in der Übergangsphase zu optimieren, sollte der Erwerb dieser Kompetenzen bereits im Sachunterricht einheitlicher gestaltet werden.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Study of an alternative phase field model for low interfacial energy in elastic solids (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2005, the hybrid model was published by Prof. H.-D. Alber and Prof. P. Zhu as an alternative to the Allen-Cahn model for the description of phase field transformations. With low interfacial energy, it is more efficient, since the resolution of the diffuse interface is numerically broader for the same solution accuracy and allows coarser meshing. The solutions of both models are associated with energy minimisation and in this work the error terms introduced in the earlier publications are discussed and documented using one and two dimensional numerical simulations. In the last part of this book, phase field problems, initially not coupled with material equations, are combined with linear elasticity and, after simple introductory examples, a growing martensitic inclusion is simulated and compared with literature data. In addition to the confirmed numerical advantage, another phenomenon not previously described in the literature is found: with the hybrid model, in contrast to the examples calculated with the Allen-Cahn model, an inclusion driven mainly by curvature energy does not disappear completely. The opposite problem prevents inclusions from growing from very small initial configurations, but this fact can be remedied by a very finely chosen diffuse interface width and by analysing and adjusting the terms that generate the modelling errors. The last example shows that the hybrid model can be used with numerical advantages despite the above mentioned peculiarities.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Chapter 9 Talking rocks, illusory sounds, and projections of the otherworld (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This volume explores illusionism as a much larger phenomenon than optical illusion, magic shows, or special effects, as a vital part of how we perceive, process, and shape the world we live in. Considering different cultural practices characterised by illusionism, this book suggests a new approach to illusion via media theory. Each of the chapters analyses a specific kind of illusionistic practice and the concept of illusionism it entails in a given context, including philosophy, perception and cognitive theory, performance magic, occultism, optics, physiology, early cinema, cartomancy, spiritualism, architecture, shamanic rituals, and theoretical physics, to show the diversity of shapes that illusionism and illusions can take. The book provides detailed analyses of illusions within performance and ritual magic, philosophy, art history and psychology as well as a first approach to the study of illusions outside of these established fields. It aims to find ways of identifying and analysing a wider range of illusions in the humanities. This multidisciplinary and comprehensive volume will appeal to scholars and students with an interest in media and culture, theatre and performance, philosophy, sociology, politics and religion.
    Keywords: acoustics, aesthetics, cards, appearance, cinema, cultural, cultures, deception, deceptive, entertainment, epistemology, illusion, illusions, illusionism, magic, magicians, stage magic, optical illusion, spiritualism, religion, aesthetics, philosophy, perception, performance, special effects ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATL Radio / podcasts ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC1 Popular culture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    Entwicklung und Evaluation einer Lehrkräftefortbildung zur Planung von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten (Volume 319) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren ist laut den nationalen Bildungsstandards sowie den Lehrplänen im Fach Chemie ein wichtiger Bestandteil der naturwissenschaftlichen Schulbildung. Offene Experimentierformen sind jedoch wenig etabliert. Um das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren in die Unterrichtspraxis zu implementieren, wurde im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojekts eine eintägige Lehrkräftefortbildung zur Konzeption von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten im Chemieunterricht durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein literaturbasiertes Strukturierungskonzept entwickelt, mit dem die Lehrkräfte kochbuchartige Schulversuche zu selbstgesteuerten und kompetenzorientierten Experimenten mit beliebigen Öffnungsgraden modifizieren können. Begleitend zur Fortbildung wurde im Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Design das fachdidaktische Wissen der Teilnehmenden hinsichtlich der Planung von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten empirisch überprüft. Zur Erfassung dieses Konstrukts wurde ein neues Messinstrument literaturbasiert entwickelt und die Güte des Messinstruments evaluiert. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die Fortbildung hinsichtlich des fachdidaktischen Wissens der Lehrkräfte kurz- sowie langfristig lernförderlich ist und die Fortbildung von den Teilnehmenden positiv bewertet wird. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse sowie die Validierungsstudie zeigen, dass der Test sowohl reliabel als auch valide ist. In Folgestudien könnte die langfristige Verhaltensänderung der Lehrkräfte bezüglich der Implementierung des selbstgesteuerten Experimentierens in den Unterricht untersucht werden.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    The World We Want to Live In (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Digitalisation, digital networks, and artificial intelligence are fundamentally changing our lives! We must understand the various developments and assess how they interact and how they affect our regular, analogue lives. What are the consequences of such changes for me personally and for our society? Digital networks and artificial intelligence are seminal innovations that are going to permeate all areas of society and trigger a comprehensive, disruptive structural change that will evoke numerous new advances in research and development in the coming years. Even though there are numerous books on this subject matter, most of them cover only specific aspects of the profound and multifaceted effects of the digital transformation. An overarching assessment is missing. In 2016, the Federation of German Scientists (VDW) has founded a study group to assess the technological impacts of digitalisation holistically. Now we present this compendium to you. We address the interrelations and feedbacks of digital innovation on policy, law, economics, science, and society from various scientific perspectives. Please consider this book as an invitation to contemplate with other people and with us, what kind of world we want to live in!
    Keywords: Science ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 3 How should we treat our future selves? The moral requirements of prudence to one’s present and future selves (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Moral Choices for Our Future Selves | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book investigates the relationship between our present and future selves. It focuses specifically on diachronic self-regarding decisions: choices involving our earlier and later selves, in which the earlier self makes a decision for the later self. The author connects the scientific understanding of the neurobehavioral processes at the core of individuals’ perceptions of their future selves with the philosophical reflection on individuals’ moral relationship with their future selves. She delineates a descriptive theory of the perception of the future self that is based on empirical evidence and that systematizes and integrates the current theoretical literature. She then argues for the morality of prudence and interprets diachronic self-regarding decisions as decisions between two agents— the earlier and later selves—that belong to the realm of intergenerational ethics, which regulates the relationship between contemporary people and future generations. Finally, the author provides a moral theory of prudence based on respect for one’s agency. This theory identifies what the present and the future selves owe to one another in diachronic self-regarding decisions. Moral Choices for Our Future Selves will be of interest to scholars and students working in ethics, moral psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science.
    Keywords: A; An; and; Eleonora; Empirical; for; Future; Moral; of; Our; Perception; Prudence; Prudential; Selves; Theory; Vigano ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
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    Creating Future People (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Creating Future People offers readers a fast-paced primer on how new genetic technologies will enable parents to influence the traits of their children, including their intelligence, moral capacities, physical appearance, and immune system. It deftly explains the science of gene editing and embryo selection, and raises the central moral questions with colorful language and a brisk style. Jonathan Anomaly takes seriously the diversity of preferences parents have, and the limits of public policy in regulating what could soon be a global market for reproductive technology. He argues that once embryo selection for complex traits happens it will change the moral landscape by altering the incentives parents face. All of us will take an interest in the traits everyone else selects, and this will present coordination problems that previous writers on genetic enhancement have failed to consider. Anomaly navigates difficult ethical issues with vivid language and scientifically informed speculation about how genetic engineering will transform humanity. Key features: Offers clear explanations of scientific concepts; Explores important moral questions without academic jargon; Brings discoveries from different fields together to give us a sense of where humanity is headed.
    Keywords: embryo selection;genetic enhancement;genetic modification;immune system;reproductive technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: English
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    Moral Choices for Our Future Selves (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book investigates the relationship between our present and future selves. It focuses specifically on diachronic self-regarding decisions: choices involving our earlier and later selves, in which the earlier self makes a decision for the later self. The author connects the scientific understanding of the neurobehavioral processes at the core of individuals’ perceptions of their future selves with the philosophical reflection on individuals’ moral relationship with their future selves. She delineates a descriptive theory of the perception of the future self that is based on empirical evidence and that systematizes and integrates the current theoretical literature. She then argues for the morality of prudence and interprets diachronic self-regarding decisions as decisions between two agents— the earlier and later selves—that belong to the realm of intergenerational ethics, which regulates the relationship between contemporary people and future generations. Finally, the author provides a moral theory of prudence based on respect for one’s agency. This theory identifies what the present and the future selves owe to one another in diachronic self-regarding decisions. Moral Choices for Our Future Selves will be of interest to scholars and students working in ethics, moral psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science.
    Keywords: A; An; and; Eleonora; Empirical; for; Future; Moral; of; Our; Perception; Prudence; Prudential; Selves; Theory; Vigano ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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    Der Logos der Sophistik und die Philosophie (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Dieses Buch problematisiert "die Sophistik" als Gegenstand der Philosophiegeschichte und stellt die These auf, "die Sophistik" sei das Resultat einer philosophischen Operation. Anhand der kritischen Diskussion relevanter Texte von Platon und Aristoteles wird versucht, eine eigentümliche sophistische λόγος-Form zu rekonstruieren. Der Konflikt zwischen Sophistik und Philosophie wird als ein Konflikt zwischen einer parametrischen und einer strategischen Rationalitätsform dargestellt. Fernando Oreja (Madrid, 1966) lebt in Berlin, ist promovierter Philosoph und Philosophiehistoriker mit Schwerpunkt Antike und arbeitet haupt- und freiberuflich als technischer Übersetzer für die Sprachen Deutsch und Spanisch.
    Keywords: Literary Criticism ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Consequences (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Grasping world structure is knowing how something follows from something, and how something leads to something else.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    CHEMIE PUR – Unterrichten in der Natur (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Konsumgüter werden beispielsweise mit Slogans wie "Gut in Bio. Schlecht in Chemie." beworben. Dabei wird intendiert, sich gezielt von "Chemie" abzugrenzen und sich das positive Bild von "Natur" zu Nutze zu machen. Dies prägt die öffentliche Meinung und trägt zu einer antagonistisch-wertenden Sicht von "Chemie" und "Natur" bei. Dass Chemie als Naturwissenschaft der Beschreibung der Natur dient, um deren Stoffe und Stoffumwandlungen zu erklären, ist dem Laien selten bewusst. Chemie findet überall statt, insbesondere in der Natur! Genau an diesem Punkt setzt das Unterrichtskonzept "Chemie Pur - Unterrichten in der Naturglqq an. Ziel ist es, im Freiland, mit direkt vor Ort gewonnenen Naturstoffen, Umweltprozesse experimentell zu erarbeiten. Die projektbegleitende Evaluationsstudie stellte sich der Forschungsfrage, wie sich das Unterrichtskonzept auf das Fach- und Sachinteresse, auf die Naturverbundenheit sowie auf die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe II auswirkt. Die Auswertung der Fragebogenergebnisse mit latenten Veränderungsmodellen haben gezeigt, dass die Intervention im Freiland das inhaltsbezogene Sachinteresse steigert und die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur positiv beeinflusst sowie ein erhöhten Fachwissenszuwachs ermöglicht. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können die Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Evaluation von good-practice-Ansätzen naturwissenschaftlicher Lernsituationen bilden. Das Unterrichtskonzept Chemie Pur leistet zudem einen Beitrag im Bereich Outdoor Education, um den Antagonismus von Chemie und Natur zu verringern.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Wie wir leben wollen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Digitalisierung, Vernetzung und Künstliche Intelligenz verändern unser Leben in grundlegender Weise! Wir müssen die verschiedenen Entwicklungen verstehen und analysieren, wie sie sich gegenseitig verstärken und auf unser "normales", analoges Leben wirken. Welche Konsequenzen haben die Veränderungen für mich und für die Gesellschaft, in der ich lebe? Digitale Vernetzung und Künstliche Intelligenz sind epochale Basisinnovationen, die schubartig alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft durchdringen und Motor eines umfassenden, disruptiv verlaufenden Strukturwandels sind, der in den nächsten Jahren zahlreiche neue Innovationen hervorbringen wird. Trotz zahlreicher Bücher zum Thema werden die tiefgehenden und vielseitigen Wirkungen der Digitalisierung meistens nur ausschnittsweise, also für einzelne Bereiche betrachtet. Was fehlt, ist ein Gesamtbild. Die Vereinigung Deutscher Wissenschaftler (VDW) beschäftigt sich deshalb seit 2016 eingehend mit Technikfolgen der Digitalisierung und hat hierzu eine Studiengruppe eingesetzt, die das vorliegende Kompendium vorlegt. Darin betrachten wir aus verschiedenen Wissenschaftsperspektiven Zusammenhänge und Rückwirkungen digitaler Innovation in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen. Sehen Sie das Buch als eine Einladung, mit anderen Menschen und mit uns darüber nachzudenken, wie wir leben wollen!
    Keywords: Science ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Recognition and the Human Life-Form (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: What is recognition and why is it so important? This book develops a synoptic conception of the significance of recognition in its many forms for human persons by means of a rational reconstruction and internal critique of classical and contemporary accounts. The book begins with a clarification of several fundamental questions concerning recognition. It then reconstructs the core ideas of Fichte, Hegel, Taylor, Fraser and Honneth and utilizes the insights and conceptual tools developed across these chapters for developing a case for the universal importance of recognition for humans. It argues in favor of a universalist anthropological position, unusual in the literature on recognition, that aims to construe a philosophically sound basis for a discourse of common humanity, or of a shared human life-form for which moral relations of recognition are essential. This synthetic conception of the importance of recognition provides tools for articulating deep intuitions shared across cultures about what makes human life and forms of human co-existence better or worse, and thus tools for mutual understanding about the deepest shared concerns of humanity, or of what makes us all human persons despite our differences. Recognition and the Human Life-Form will appeal to readers interested in philosophical anthropology, social and political philosophy, critical theory, and the history of philosophy. It also provides ideas and conceptual tools for fields such as anthropology, education, disability studies, international relations, law, politics, religious studies, sociology, and social research.
    Keywords: particularism, personhood, recognition, philosophy, Honneth, universalism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 - ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800
    Language: English
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    Eine Welt von Folgen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Alles, was in der Welt existiert, hat Entstehungsbedingungen und Folgewirkungen. Die Welt ist deswegen eine Welt von Folgen. Allein ein radikal konsequentialistisches Denken vermag die Struktur einer solchen Welt manifest werden zu lassen.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Modeling of Moving Sound Sources Based on Array Measurements (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: When auralizing moving sound sources in Virtual Reality (VR) environments, the two main input parameters are the location and radiated signal of the source. An array measurement-based model is developed to characterize moving sound sources regarding the two parameters in this thesis. This model utilizes beamforming, i.e. delay and sum beamforming (DSB) and compressive beamforming (CB) to obtain the locations and signals of moving sound sources. A spiral and a pseudorandom microphone array are designed for DSB and CB, respectively, to yield good localization ability and meet the requirement of CB. The de-Dopplerization technique is incorporated in the time-domain DSB to address moving source problems. Time-domain transfer functions (TDTFs) are calculated in terms of the spatial locations within the steering window of the moving source. TDTFs then form the sensing matrix of CB, thus allowing CB to solve moving source problem. DSB and CB are further extended to localize moving sound sources, and the reconstructed signals from the beamforming outputs are investigated to obtain the source signals. Moreover, localization and signal reconstruction are evaluated through varying parameters in the beamforming procedures, i.e. steering position, steering window length and source speed for a moving periodic signal using DSB, and regularization parameter, signal to noise ratio (SNR), steering window length, source speed, array to source motion trajectory and mismatch for a moving engine signal using CB. The parameter studies show guidelines of parameter selection based on the given situations in this thesis for modeling moving source using beamforming. Both algorithms are able to reconstruct the moving signals in the given scenarios. Although CB outperforms DSB in terms of signal reconstruction under particular conditions, the localization abilities of the two algorithms are quite similar. The practicability of the model has been applied on pass-by measurements of a moving loudspeaker using the designed arrays, and the results can match the conclusions drawn above from simulations. Finally, a framework on how to apply the model for moving source auralization is proposed.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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    Experimentelle und simulative Untersuchung von Dieseloxidationskatalysatoren bei reversibler Edelmetalloxid-Bildung (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuere Erkenntnisse zum Umsatzverhalten an Dieseloxidationskatalysatoren (DOCs) zeigen, dass das Umsatzverhalten von Schadstoffen vom Oxidationsgrad der verwendeten Edelmetallkatalysatoren abhängen kann. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sich der Oxidationsgrad bei typischen Abgaszusammensetzungen langsam und reversibel mit der Katalysatortemperatur ändert. Das kann bei periodischen Katalysatortemperaturänderungen zu einem ausgeprägten Hystereseverhalten führen. Bisherige Ergebnisse liegen insbesondere zum Verhalten der NO-Oxidation an Platin-Katalysatoren vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, die Untersuchungen auf seriennahe Pd- und PtPd-Mischkatalysatoren sowie auf andere abgastypische Schadstoffe, wie CO und Kohlenwasserstoffe, zu erweitern und dabei auch den Einfluss der Katalysatoralterung zu erfassen. Es wurde ein globalkinetisches Modell entwickelt und an die experimentellen Befunde angepasst. Dabei zeigte sich, dass es in der Regel möglich ist, das Umsatzverhalten bei reinen Pt- und Pd-Katalysatoren mit diesem örtlich eindimensionalen, makrokinetischen Zweiphasenmodell zutreffend zu beschreiben, wohingegen das Verhalten auf Pt/Pd-Mischkatalysatoren weniger gut simuliert werden kann. Dies ist vermutlich auf die heterogene Struktur der Pt/Pd-legierten Partikel zurückzuführen.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Chemical & Biochemical ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
    Language: German
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    Chapter 24 Freedom and Form in Piano Improvisation in the Early 19th Century (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Improvisation in the Arts | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The idea of improvisation, broadly defined, has been integral to our imagination of the medieval musical past. It can be related to many elements of production: to the act of un-notated creation; to the manipulation and amplification of notated materials; to our observance of rigid rules and formulae; or to spontaneous freedom. Likely a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, this is the first medieval music treatise to address an aspect of chant performance that does not only relate to a memorized repertoire, but includes an unwritten practice of extemporizing an accompanying voice to a pre-given melody. The art of “coloration” or the ornamentation of a line, whether polyphonic or monophonic, had been an integral part of extemporization since at least the time of the Ad organum faciendum treatises. When planning author's ontological inquiries, the author's would do well to remember the possible existence of creativity that is not inspired, or ephemerality that is not performer- or expression-centered.
    Keywords: Philosophy, Ontology, Music, Improvisation, Arts, Performance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 6 Affect, Admiration, Crowd (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Kierkegaard, Mimesis, and Modernity | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: “Chapter 6” systematizes and analyzes Kierkegaard’s insightful remarks on human affectivity in relation to moral emotions, body, contagion, and collectivity. Following a brief outline of the conceptualization of affects and human affectivity from Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, Tomkins, and Massumi, the first part zooms in on empathy and sympathy in two important precursors of Kierkegaard, namely David Hume and Adam Smith. The second part argues for Kierkegaard’s distinctively affective reading of admiration, which I locate in its being fundamentally linked with other emotions such as envy, but also in its being oriented toward the mediocre and base, having a limited motivational capacity, and being highly contagious. Affective admiration is then related to the contemporary discussion on moral exemplars, posing a challenge to the view of the epistemological and moral trustworthiness of admiration in moral exemplarity espoused primarily by Linda Zagzebski. The third part centers on the affective character of Kierkegaard’s crowd psychology. Therein I examine his critical remarks on human collectivity, focusing on such key concepts from his social and political philosophy as “crowd” and “the public.” Reading his philosophy alongside two French theorists of mass society, Gabriel Tarde and René Girard, I draw out Kierkegaard’s great interest in such mimetic terms as magnetism, fascination, somnambulism, scapegoating, and violence.
    Keywords: Philosophy, Kierkegaard, 19th century philosophy, history of philosophy, aesthetics, religion and philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 - ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800 ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion
    Language: English
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    Wittgenstein's Novels (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Analyzing features of Wittgenstein's philosophical work and including in-depth textual analyses, this study investigates the impact of Ludwig Wittgenstein's work on contemporary German and French novelists. Drawing upon aesthetics, architectural history, philosophy of science, and photography, the book seeks to explain why references both to Wittgenstein as a person, as well as to his work are more pervasive than other equally renowned twentieth century philosophers and asks why some authors such as Händler and Roubaud, are less well-known and only partially translated into Eng.
    Keywords: sebalds ; narratives ; wenn ; wir ; jacques ; roubaud ; text ; wittgensteins ; reflections ; warburg ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought
    Language: English
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    Consequences (2021)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Grasping world structure is knowing how something follows from something, and how something leads to something else.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    The Myths We Live By (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Mary Midgley argues in her powerful new book that far from being the opposite of science, myth is a central part of it. In brilliant prose, she claims that myths are neither lies nor mere stories but a network of powerful symbols that suggest particular ways of interpreting the world.
    Keywords: physical ; science ; richard ; dawkins ; social ; contract ; jane ; goodall ; wild ; boar ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBG Popular beliefs and controversial knowledge::JBGB Folklore studies / Study of myth (mythology)
    Language: English
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    Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Biomedical Applications (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Hydroxyapatite coatings are of great importance in the biological and biomedical coatings fields, especially in the current era of nanotechnology and bioapplications. With a bonelike structure that promotes osseointegration, hydroxyapatite coating can be applied to otherwise bioinactive implants to make their surface bioactive, thus achieving faster healing and recovery. In addition to applications in orthopedic and dental implants, this coating can also be used in drug delivery. Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Biomedical Applications explores developments in the processing and property characterization and applications of hydroxyapatite to provide timely information for active researchers and newcomers alike. In eight carefully reviewed chapters, hydroxyapatite experts from the United States, Japan, Singapore, and China present the latest on topics ranging from deposition processes to biomedical applications in implants and drug delivery. This book discusses: Magnetron sputtering and electrochemical deposition The modification of hydroxyapatite properties by sol–gel deposition to incorporate other elements found in natural bones, such as zinc, magnesium, and fluorine The use of pure hydroxyapatite in drug delivery applications The growth or self-assembly of hydroxyapatite on shape memory alloy Hydroxyapatite composite coatings—with carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and others—on the titanium alloy Offering valuable insights and a wealth of data, including numerous tables and figures, this is a rich source of information for research on hydroxyapatite coatings. Each chapter also covers material that provides an accessible stepping stone for those who are new to the field.
    Keywords: Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Bedingungen und Einstellungen (2021)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Natürliche, ökonomische und soziokulturelle Bedingungen bestimmen das Leben menschlicher Individuen und Gruppen, die verschiedene Einstellungen gegenüber dem, was es gibt, entwickeln können und immer wieder lernen, mit dem Bestehenden auf unterschiedliche Weise umzugehen.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Nothingness in Asian Philosophy (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: A variety of crucial and still most relevant ideas about nothingness or emptiness have gained profound philosophical prominence in the history and development of a number of South and East Asian traditions—including in Buddhism, Daoism, Neo-Confucianism, Hinduism, Korean philosophy, and the Japanese Kyoto School. These traditions share the insight that in order to explain both the great mysteries and mundane facts about our experience, ideas of "nothingness" must play a primary role. This collection of essays brings together the work of twenty of the world’s prominent scholars of Hindu, Buddhist, Daoist, Neo-Confucian, Japanese and Korean thought to illuminate fascinating philosophical conceptualizations of "nothingness" in both classical and modern Asian traditions. The unique collection offers new work from accomplished scholars and provides a coherent, panoramic view of the most significant ways that "nothingness" plays crucial roles in Asian philosophy. It includes both traditional and contemporary formulations, sometimes putting Asian traditions into dialogue with one another and sometimes with classical and modern Western thought. The result is a book of immense value for students and researchers in Asian and comparative philosophy.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Asia ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 22 Competing Ontologies of Musical Improvisation (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Improvisation in the Arts | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The idea of improvisation, broadly defined, has been integral to our imagination of the medieval musical past. It can be related to many elements of production: to the act of un-notated creation; to the manipulation and amplification of notated materials; to our observance of rigid rules and formulae; or to spontaneous freedom. Likely a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, this is the first medieval music treatise to address an aspect of chant performance that does not only relate to a memorized repertoire, but includes an unwritten practice of extemporizing an accompanying voice to a pre-given melody. The art of “coloration” or the ornamentation of a line, whether polyphonic or monophonic, had been an integral part of extemporization since at least the time of the Ad organum faciendum treatises. When planning author's ontological inquiries, the author's would do well to remember the possible existence of creativity that is not inspired, or ephemerality that is not performer- or expression-centered.
    Keywords: Philosophy, Ontology, Music, Improvisation, Arts, Performance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    The Routledge Companion to Performance Philosophy (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "The Routledge Companion to Performance Philosophy is a volume of especially commissioned critical essays, conversations, and collaborative, creative and performative writing mapping the key contexts, debates, methods, discourses and practices in this developing field. Firstly, the collection offers new insights on the fundamental question of how thinking happens: where, when, how and by whom philosophy is performed. Secondly, it provides a plurality of new accounts of performance and performativity – as the production of ideas, bodies and knowledges in the arts and beyond. Comprising texts written by international artists, philosophers and scholars from multiple disciplines, the essays engage with questions of how performance thinks and how thought is performed in a wide range of philosophies and performances, from the ancient to the contemporary. Concepts and practices from diverse geographical regions and cultural traditions are analysed to draw conclusions about how performance operates across art, philosophy and everyday life. The collection both contributes to and critiques the philosophy of music, dance, theatre and performance, exploring the idea of a philosophy from the arts. It is crucial reading material for those interested in the hierarchy of the relationship between philosophy and the arts, advancing debates on philosophical method, and the relation between Performance and Philosophy more broadly."
    Keywords: Anna Seitz; Jörg Holkenbrink; dramaturgy; performance; performance studies; actors; audience; theory; practice; stage; atmosphere; academia in performance ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought
    Language: English
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    The Philosophy and Psychology of Commitment (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The phenomenon of commitment is a cornerstone of human social life. Commitments make individuals’ behavior predictable, thereby facilitating the planning and coordination of joint actions involving multiple agents. Moreover, commitments make people willing to rely upon each other, and thereby contribute to sustaining characteristically human social institutions such as jobs, money, government and marriage. However, it is not well understood how people identify and assess the level of their own and others’ commitments. The Philosophy and Psychology of Commitment explores and explains the philosophical and cognitive intricacies of commitment. John Michael considers how commitments motivate us and their often implicit and tacit nature. To flesh out the philosophical framework of his argument he draws on experimental work with young children, adults and human-robot interaction within the context of joint action, considering the role of the emotions and whether very young children are sensitive to commitment. Providing an important account of the nature and operation of commitment, this book is essential reading for those working in philosophy of psychology, cognitive science, experimental philosophy, and social and developmental psychology. It will also be of interest to those working in emerging fields such as human-robot interaction and behavioural economics.
    Keywords: action ; adult ; agency ; behavioural ; Commitment ; children ; cognitive, philosophy ; developmental ; eliza ; ethics ; experiment ; experimental ; implicit ; intention ; joint action ; knowledge ; motivation ; philosophy ; planning ; psychology ; robotics ; tacit ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 19 Daring to transform (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | The Routledge Companion to Performance Philosophy | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "The Routledge Companion to Performance Philosophy is a volume of especially commissioned critical essays, conversations, and collaborative, creative and performative writing mapping the key contexts, debates, methods, discourses and practices in this developing field. Firstly, the collection offers new insights on the fundamental question of how thinking happens: where, when, how and by whom philosophy is performed. Secondly, it provides a plurality of new accounts of performance and performativity – as the production of ideas, bodies and knowledges in the arts and beyond. Comprising texts written by international artists, philosophers and scholars from multiple disciplines, the essays engage with questions of how performance thinks and how thought is performed in a wide range of philosophies and performances, from the ancient to the contemporary. Concepts and practices from diverse geographical regions and cultural traditions are analysed to draw conclusions about how performance operates across art, philosophy and everyday life. The collection both contributes to and critiques the philosophy of music, dance, theatre and performance, exploring the idea of a philosophy from the arts. It is crucial reading material for those interested in the hierarchy of the relationship between philosophy and the arts, advancing debates on philosophical method, and the relation between Performance and Philosophy more broadly."
    Keywords: Anna Seitz; Jörg Holkenbrink; dramaturgy; performance; performance studies; actors; audience; theory; practice; stage; atmosphere; academia in performance ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought
    Language: English
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    Chapter 20 Nishitani on Emptiness and Nothingness (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A variety of crucial and still most relevant ideas about nothingness or emptiness have gained profound philosophical prominence in the history and development of a number of South and East Asian traditions—including in Buddhism, Daoism, Neo-Confucianism, Hinduism, Korean philosophy, and the Japanese Kyoto School. These traditions share the insight that in order to explain both the great mysteries and mundane facts about our experience, ideas of ""nothingness"" must play a primary role. This collection of essays brings together the work of twenty of the world’s prominent scholars of Hindu, Buddhist, Daoist, Neo-Confucian, Japanese and Korean thought to illuminate fascinating philosophical conceptualizations of ""nothingness"" in both classical and modern Asian traditions. The unique collection offers new work from accomplished scholars and provides a coherent, panoramic view of the most significant ways that ""nothingness"" plays crucial roles in Asian philosophy. It includes both traditional and contemporary formulations, sometimes putting Asian traditions into dialogue with one another and sometimes with classical and modern Western thought. The result is a book of immense value for students and researchers in Asian and comparative philosophy.
    Keywords: Area Studies ; Asian Studies ; Asian Studies (General) ; Asian Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Eastern Philosophy ; Indian Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 27 Repeatability versus Unrepeatability in Free Improvisation (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Improvisation in the Arts | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The idea of improvisation, broadly defined, has been integral to our imagination of the medieval musical past. It can be related to many elements of production: to the act of un-notated creation; to the manipulation and amplification of notated materials; to our observance of rigid rules and formulae; or to spontaneous freedom. Likely a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, this is the first medieval music treatise to address an aspect of chant performance that does not only relate to a memorized repertoire, but includes an unwritten practice of extemporizing an accompanying voice to a pre-given melody. The art of “coloration” or the ornamentation of a line, whether polyphonic or monophonic, had been an integral part of extemporization since at least the time of the Ad organum faciendum treatises. When planning author's ontological inquiries, the author's would do well to remember the possible existence of creativity that is not inspired, or ephemerality that is not performer- or expression-centered.
    Keywords: Philosophy, Ontology, Music, Improvisation, Arts, Performance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 37 Improv, Stand-Up, and Comedy (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Improvisation in the Arts | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The idea of improvisation, broadly defined, has been integral to our imagination of the medieval musical past. It can be related to many elements of production: to the act of un-notated creation; to the manipulation and amplification of notated materials; to our observance of rigid rules and formulae; or to spontaneous freedom. Likely a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, this is the first medieval music treatise to address an aspect of chant performance that does not only relate to a memorized repertoire, but includes an unwritten practice of extemporizing an accompanying voice to a pre-given melody. The art of “coloration” or the ornamentation of a line, whether polyphonic or monophonic, had been an integral part of extemporization since at least the time of the Ad organum faciendum treatises. When planning author's ontological inquiries, the author's would do well to remember the possible existence of creativity that is not inspired, or ephemerality that is not performer- or expression-centered.
    Keywords: Philosophy, Ontology, Music, Improvisation, Arts, Performance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Consciousness and Moral Status (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: In this book Joshua Shepherd presents a systematic account of the value present within conscious experience. This account emphasizes not only the nature of consciousness, but also the importance of items within experience such as affect, valence, and the complex overall shape of particular valuable experiences. Shepherd also relates this account to difficult cases involving non-humans and humans with disorders of consciousness, arguing that the value of consciousness influences and partially explains the degree of moral status a being possesses, without fully determining it. The upshot is a deeper understanding of both the moral importance of phenomenal consciousness and its relations to moral status. This book will be of great interest to philosophers and students of ethics, bioethics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science.
    Keywords: moral status ; affect ; phenomenal consciousness ; systematic account ; non-humans ; conscious experience ; valence ; humans ; nature ; Emotion ; Hedonism ; Instrumental and intrinsic value ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 3 Derivation of Morality from Prudence (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This chapter derives and refines a novel normative moral theory and descriptive theory of moral psychology—Rightness as Fairness—from the theory of prudence defended in Chapter 2 of Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality: A Philosophical Theory. The chapter briefly summarizes Chapter 2’s finding that prudent agents typically internalize ‘moral risk-aversion’. The chapter then outlines how this prudential psychology leads prudent agents to want to know how to act in ways they will not regret in morally salient cases, as well as to regard moral actions as the only types of actions that satisfy this prudential interest. The chapter then uses these findings to defend a new derivation of Marcus Arvan’s theory of morality, Rightness as Fairness, showing how the derivation successfully defends Rightness as Fairness against a variety of objections. Additionally, the chapter outlines how Arvan’s theory of prudence can help substantiates the claim that Rightness as Fairness unifies a variety of competing moral frameworks: deontology, consequentialism, contractualism, and virtue ethics. Finally, the chapter shows how Chapter 2’s theory of prudence entails some revisions to Rightness as Fairness, including the adoption of a series of Rawlsian original positions to settle prudential, moral, and social-political issues under ideal and nonideal circumstances.
    Keywords: Philosophy of Psychology ; Ethics Philosophy ; Philosophy of Mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    On the Public (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The media often talk about public opinion, the 'American' or 'British' public, or the movie-going public. A public can hold an opinion and be divided. What is the public and where did it come from? Is there one public or many? Is the very idea of the public a myth? In this fascinating book, Alastair Hannay explores these questions and unpacks a much talked about but little understood phenomenon. He begins by tracing the origins of the public back to ancient Rome, before arguing that the idea of a public sphere is closely linked to the birth of democracy in the eighteenth century. He also reflects on the Enlightenment and the origins of public opinion, as well as considering the role of the media in creating and manipulating the public, and asks whether the very idea of the public might be uprooted and undermined by the Internet and global technology. Engaging and controversial in equal measure, On the Public also draws on famous thinkers who have written about the public, such as Kierkegaard, Hannah Arendt, John Dewey and Jürgen Habermas.
    Keywords: jean ; calas ; ideal ; speech ; situation ; space ; desperate ; young ; men ; full ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: English
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    Kierkegaard, Mimesis, and Modernity (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Philosophy, Kierkegaard, 19th century philosophy, history of philosophy, aesthetics, religion and philosophy
    Keywords: Philosophy, Kierkegaard, 19th century philosophy, history of philosophy, aesthetics, religion and philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 28 The Risk of Improvised Music (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Improvisation in the Arts | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The idea of improvisation, broadly defined, has been integral to our imagination of the medieval musical past. It can be related to many elements of production: to the act of un-notated creation; to the manipulation and amplification of notated materials; to our observance of rigid rules and formulae; or to spontaneous freedom. Likely a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, this is the first medieval music treatise to address an aspect of chant performance that does not only relate to a memorized repertoire, but includes an unwritten practice of extemporizing an accompanying voice to a pre-given melody. The art of “coloration” or the ornamentation of a line, whether polyphonic or monophonic, had been an integral part of extemporization since at least the time of the Ad organum faciendum treatises. When planning author's ontological inquiries, the author's would do well to remember the possible existence of creativity that is not inspired, or ephemerality that is not performer- or expression-centered.
    Keywords: Philosophy, Ontology, Music, Improvisation, Arts, Performance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Awe for the Tiger, Love for the Lamb (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
    Keywords: animal ; realm ; brute ; creation ; irrational ; animals ; thomas ; tryon ; human ; similarities ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy
    Language: English
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    Why Guattari? (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book examines Félix Guattari, the French psychoanalyst, philosopher, and radical activist, renowned for an energetic style of thought that cuts across conceptual, political, and institutional spheres. Increasingly recognised as a key figure in his own right, Guattari’s influence in contemporary social theory and the modern social sciences continues to grow. From the ecosophy of hurricanes to the micropolitics of cinema, the book draws together a series of Guattarian motifs which animate the complexity of one of the twentieth century’s greatest and most enigmatic thinkers. The book examines techniques and modes of thought that contribute to a liberation of thinking and subjectivity. Divided thematically into three parts – ‘cartographies’, ‘ecologies’, and ‘micropolitics’ – each chapter showcases the singular and pragmatic grounds by which Guattari’s signature concepts can be found to be both disruptive to traditional modes of thinking, and generative toward novel forms of ethics, politics and sociality. This interdisciplinary compendium on Guattari’s exciting, experimental, and enigmatic thought will appeal to academics and postgraduates within Social Theory, Human Geography, and Continental Philosophy.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Neo-Aristotelian Metaphysics and the Theology of Nature (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Philosophy, metaphysics, philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, religion and philosophy, religion and science, christian theology
    Keywords: Philosophy, metaphysics, philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, religion and philosophy, religion and science, christian theology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPJ Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion
    Language: English
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    The Routledge Companion to Free Will (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Questions concerning free will are intertwined with issues in almost every area of philosophy, from metaphysics to philosophy of mind to moral philosophy, and are also informed by work in different areas of science (principally physics, neuroscience and social psychology). Free will is also a perennial concern of serious thinkers in theology and in non-western traditions. Because free will can be approached from so many different perspectives and has implications for so many debates, a comprehensive survey needs to encompass an enormous range of approaches. This book is the first to draw together leading experts on every aspect of free will, from those who are central to the current philosophical debates, to non-western perspectives, to scientific contributions and to those who know the rich history of the subject. Its 61 chapters, commissioned especially for this volume from the world’s leading researchers, are framed by a General Introduction and briefer introductions for each of the six sections. A list of References, an annotated Suggested Reading list, and a short list of Related Topics are included at the end of each chapter.
    Keywords: free will ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Kristeva and the Political (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Julia Kristeva is one of the most influential French thinkers of the twentieth century and is best known for her work in linguistics. Even though her work has been very influential, the political implications of her writings have so far been neglected. Kristeva and the Political is the first book to explore the relation of Kristeva's work to the political and casts new light on her work, connecting her to recent developments in literary theory, political theory, and cultural studies. In particular it shows how Kristeva's account of the unconscious and psychoanalysis generally, widens the notion of the political. Each chapter introduces a fundamental theme in Kristeva's work, highlighting a specific period of development in her thought and drawing on texts from the 1960s through to the 1990s. Themes addressed include Kristeva's theory of discourse, the theory of the subject, the notion of alterity, feminism and marginality and her theory known as the 'politics of meaning'. Kristeva and the Political also shows how Kristeva's notions of the political draw on a rich array of thinkers and writers, from Freud, Melanie Klein and Lacan, to Proust and Marguerite Duras.
    Keywords: socio-symbolic ; contract ; ewa ; ziarek ; kristevas ; notion ; tel ; quel ; group ; sacrificial ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: English
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    Autonomy and Equality (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: philosophy, autonomy, feminist philosophy, political philosophy, ethics, equity, social philosophy
    Keywords: philosophy, autonomy, feminist philosophy, political philosophy, ethics, equity, social philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: English
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    Epistemic Duties (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: There are arguably moral, legal, and prudential constraints on behavior. But are there epistemic constraints on belief? Are there any requirements arising from intellectual considerations alone? This volume includes original essays written by top epistemologists that address this and closely related questions from a variety of new, sometimes unexpected, angles. It features a wide variety of positions, ranging from arguments for and against the existence of purely epistemic requirements, reductions of epistemic requirements to moral or prudential requirements, the biological foundations of epistemic requirements, extensions of the scope of epistemic requirements to include such things as open-mindedness, eradication of implicit bias and interpersonal duties to object, to new applications such as epistemic requirements pertaining to storytelling, testimony, and fundamentalist beliefs. Anyone interested in the nature of responsibility, belief, or epistemic normativity will find a range of useful arguments and fresh ideas in this cutting-edge anthology.
    Keywords: Andrew Reisner ; Anne Meylan ; Anthony Robert Booth ; belief ; Clayton Littlejohn ; dialogical foundationalism ; doxastic dilemma ; doxastic duties ; Ema Sullivan-Bissett ; epistemic duties ; epistemic normativity ; epistemic obligation ; epistemic tension ; epistemology ; evidence ; functions ; implicit bias ; Jennifer Lackey ; Jonathan Matheson ; Kevin McCain ; Lindsay Rettler ; Lisa Bortolotti ; Luis Oliveira ; Mark T. Nelson ; Matthias Steup ; Miriam Schleifer McCormick ; obligation ; open-mindedness ; ought to believe ; ought to reflect ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPK Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
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    Chapter 5 “The Vanishing Lady”, the railway, and illusions of movement (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Illusion in Cultural Practice | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "This volume explores illusionism as a much larger phenomenon than optical illusion, magic shows, or special effects, as a vital part of how we perceive, process, and shape the world we live in. Considering different cultural practices characterised by illusionism, this book suggests a new approach to illusion via media theory. Each of the chapters analyses a specific kind of illusionistic practice and the concept of illusionism it entails in a given context, including philosophy, perception and cognitive theory, performance magic, occultism, optics, physiology, early cinema, cartomancy, spiritualism, architecture, shamanic rituals, and theoretical physics, to show the diversity of shapes that illusionism and illusions can take. The book provides detailed analyses of illusions within performance and ritual magic, philosophy, art history and psychology as well as a first approach to the study of illusions outside of these established fields. It aims to find ways of identifying and analysing a wider range of illusions in the humanities. This multidisciplinary and comprehensive volume will appeal to scholars and students with an interest in media and culture, theatre and performance, philosophy, sociology, politics and religion."
    Keywords: acoustics, aesthetics, cards, appearance, cinema, cultural, cultures, deception, deceptive, entertainment, epistemology, illusion, illusions, illusionism, magic, magicians, stage magic, optical illusion, spiritualism, religion, aesthetics, philosophy, perception, performance, special effects ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATL Radio / podcasts ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC1 Popular culture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Philosophers across many traditions have long theorized about the relationship between prudence and morality. Few clear answers have emerged, however, in large part because of the inherently speculative nature of traditional philosophical methods. This book aims to forge a bold new path forward, outlining a theory of prudence and morality that unifies a wide variety of findings in neuroscience with philosophically sophisticated normative theorizing. The author summarizes the emerging behavioral neuroscience of prudence and morality, showing how human moral and prudential cognition and motivation are known to involve over a dozen brain regions and capacities. He then outlines a detailed philosophical theory of prudence and morality based on neuroscience and lived human experience. The result demonstrates how this theory coheres with and explainsthe behavioral neuroscience, showing how each brain region and capacity interact to give rise to prudential and moral behavior. Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality: A Philosophical Theory will be of interest to philosophers and psychologists working in moral psychology, neuroethics, and decision theory.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; prudence ; morality ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    The Constitution of Consciousness (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Through the work of philosophers like Sellars, Davidson, and McDowell, the question of how the mind is related to the world has gained new importance in contemporary analytic philosophy. This book demonstrates that Husserl's phenomenological analyses of the structure of consciousness can provide fruitful insights for developing an original approach to these questions.
    Keywords: mental ; episodes ; retentional ; background ; logical ; space ; constitutive ; commitment ; transcendental ; idealism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 -::HPCF3 Phenomenology & Existentialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism
    Language: English
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    Chapter 2 Essential Thermochemical and Biological Powers (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Neo-Aristotelian Metaphysics and the Theology of Nature | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: "There are three great options in the philosophy of nature: materialism, cosmic monism, and holistic pluralism. These correspond to the metaphysical priority of, respectively, the very small, the very large, and the intermediate. Human beings and other organisms fall into the intermediate category, and a philosophy of nature that gives pride of place to thought and responsible, intentional action, while avoiding Cartesian dualism and idealism, must embrace the Aristotelian option of plural holism. Aristotle’s metaphysics clearly assigns the status of fundamental to living organisms, despite their intermediate size. However, integrating this Aristotelian view with modern science faces the problem of the inorganic world. Where can we find the fundamental Aristotelian substances in that world, needed to complete the plural holist picture? I will argue that we can take our cues from the holistic character of quantum chemistry and thermodynamics. Just as there are irreducibly human powers grounded in the human soul as the ‘form of the body’, so too are there irreducibly thermochemical powers grounded in thermochemical forms, which are ontologically prior to the arrangement of particles and waves in space and time. I extend this account to the irreducibly biological powers of organisms."
    Keywords: Philosophy, metaphysics, philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, religion and philosophy, religion and science, christian theology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPJ Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion
    Language: English
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    Thomistic Principles and Bioethics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Alongside a revival of interest in Thomism in philosophy, scholars have realised its relevance when addressing certain contemporary issues in bioethics. This book offers a rigorous interpretation of Aquinas's metaphysics and ethical thought, and highlights its significance to questions in bioethics. Jason T. Eberl applies Aquinas’s views on the seminal topics of human nature and morality to key questions in bioethics at the margins of human life – questions which are currently contested in the academia, politics and the media such as: When does a human person’s life begin? How should we define and clinically determine a person’s death? Is abortion ever morally permissible? How should we resolve the conflict between the potential benefits of embryonic stem cell research and the lives of human embryos? Does cloning involve a misuse of human ingenuity and technology? What forms of treatment are appropriate for irreversibly comatose patients? How should we care for patients who experience unbearable suffering as they approach the end of life? Thomistic Principles and Bioethics presents a significant philosophical viewpoint which will motivate further dialogue amongst religious and secular arenas of inquiry concerning such complex issues of both individual and public concern.
    Keywords: rational ; soul ; aquinass ; account ; morally ; permissible ; vegetative ; capacities ; irreversible ; cessation ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCB Western philosophy: Medieval & Renaissance, c 500 to c 1600 ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 From Quantum Physics to Classical Metaphysics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Neo-Aristotelian Metaphysics and the Theology of Nature | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: "In this chapter, I argue that Aristotle's doctrine of hylomorphism, which con- ceived the natural world as consisting of substances which are metaphysically composed of matter and form, is ripe for rehabilitation in the light of quantum physics. I begin by discussing Aristotle's conception of matter and form, as it was understood by Aquinas, and how Aristotle's doctrine of hylomorphism was `physicalised' and eventually abandoned with the rise of microphysicalism. I argue that the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, and the emergence of irreducibly macroscopic phenomena in nite temperature quantum systems, have given us good reasons to doubt the truth of microphysicalism. In support of my argument, I show how to construct a hylomorphic interpretation of the de Broglie-Bohm theory that posits a single Cosmic Substance. I then show how to construct a hylomorphic interpretation of an alternative `contextual' wave function collapse theory (recently proposed by the physicists Barbara Drossel and George Ellis) which posits a plurality of Thermal Substances. Both of these neo-Aristotelian ontologies reject the microphysicalist dogma that nature consists fundamentally of some set of microscopic constituents."
    Keywords: "hylomorphism; causal powers; quantum mechanics; quantum statistical mechanics; open quantum systems; Bohmian mechanics; wave function collapse; substantial form" ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPJ Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion
    Language: English
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    Chapter 37 Neuroscientific Threaths to Free Will (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | The Routledge Companion to Free Will | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In this chapter, I review recent work on neuroscientifi c threats to free will. What is it for something to threaten free will? Consider, fi rst, an apparent threat. You are walking in the dark, and a shadow looms in the distance. It certainly appears threatening, but you are not sure. What do you do? You consider the source of the threat (the thing casting the shadow, and you attempt to discover whether the threat is actual (an attacker) or merely apparent (a tree). And if the threat is actual, you attempt to discern what epistemic and behavioral changes are required of you.
    Keywords: free will ; threats ; neuroscience ; free will ; threats ; neuroscience ; Action theory (philosophy) ; Benjamin Libet ; Consciousness ; Daniel Wegner ; Decision-making ; Determinism ; Epiphenomenalism ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Annals of Bioethics: Regional Perspectives in Bioethics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Regional Perspectives in Bioethics" illustrates the ways in which the national and international political landscape encompasses persons from diverse and often fragmented moral communities with widely varying moral intuitions, premises, evaluations and commitments.
    Keywords: medical ; brain ; death ; organ ; transplantation ; informed ; consent ; hospital ; committees ; embryonic ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 8 How Being Better Off Is Bad for You (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Autonomy and Equality | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: In this chapter Fourie identifies and systematizes the impairments associated with having privilege, and evaluates their implications for theories of relational equality and distributive justice. Having certain social privileges, for example being a man in a patriarchal society, can also be damaging; in other words, there are “impairments of privilege”. Fourie delineates six kinds of impairments–epistemic, evaluative, emotional, health-related, affiliative, and moral. She then goes on to assess the implications of the impairments of privilege for two theories in political philosophy. Relational egalitarianism, she argues, has the theoretical resources to identify and address the problems associated with these impairments, whereas distributive egalitarianism does not. Furthermore, she argues that assessing the impairments of privilege through relational egalitarianism helps to characterize a society of equals: we must address the causes of functional impairments, express respect for the worse off by not normalizing the experiences of the privileged, and minimize competitive positionality.
    Keywords: philosophy, autonomy, feminist philosophy, political philosophy, ethics, equity, social philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: English
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    The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Improvisation in the Arts (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The idea of improvisation, broadly defined, has been integral to our imagination of the medieval musical past. It can be related to many elements of production: to the act of un-notated creation; to the manipulation and amplification of notated materials; to our observance of rigid rules and formulae; or to spontaneous freedom. Likely a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, this is the first medieval music treatise to address an aspect of chant performance that does not only relate to a memorized repertoire, but includes an unwritten practice of extemporizing an accompanying voice to a pre-given melody. The art of “coloration” or the ornamentation of a line, whether polyphonic or monophonic, had been an integral part of extemporization since at least the time of the Ad organum faciendum treatises. When planning author's ontological inquiries, the author's would do well to remember the possible existence of creativity that is not inspired, or ephemerality that is not performer- or expression-centered.
    Keywords: Philosophy, Ontology, Music, Improvisation, Arts, Performance ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 14 Responsibility for Fundamentalist Belief (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: There are arguably moral, legal, and prudential constraints on behavior. But are there epistemic constraints on belief? Are there any requirements arising from intellectual considerations alone? This volume includes original essays written by top epistemologists that address this and closely related questions from a variety of new, sometimes unexpected, angles. It features a wide variety of positions, ranging from arguments for and against the existence of purely epistemic requirements, reductions of epistemic requirements to moral or prudential requirements, the biological foundations of epistemic requirements, extensions of the scope of epistemic requirements to include such things as open-mindedness, eradication of implicit bias and interpersonal duties to object, to new applications such as epistemic requirements pertaining to storytelling, testimony, and fundamentalist beliefs. Anyone interested in the nature of responsibility, belief, or epistemic normativity will find a range of useful arguments and fresh ideas in this cutting-edge anthology.
    Keywords: Andrew Reisner ; Anne Meylan ; Anthony Robert Booth ; belief ; Clayton Littlejohn ; dialogical foundationalism ; doxastic dilemma ; doxastic duties ; Ema Sullivan-Bissett ; epistemic duties ; epistemic normativity ; epistemic obligation ; epistemic tension ; epistemology ; evidence ; functions ; implicit bias ; Jennifer Lackey ; Jonathan Matheson ; Kevin McCain ; Lindsay Rettler ; Lisa Bortolotti ; Luis Oliveira ; Mark T. Nelson ; Matthias Steup ; Miriam Schleifer McCormick ; obligation ; open-mindedness ; ought to believe ; ought to reflect ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPK Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: English
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