ALBERT

Description: Study on the biomarkers types to assess health status of marine ecosystems in environmental biomonitoring has an important value. Accordingly, accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediment, water and tissues (liver and gill) of mudskipper(i.e. Boleophthalmus dussumieri) and some physiological responses like lysosomal membrane change performed on haemocytes, stability of red blood cell membrane and the Glutathione-S Transferase (GST) activity in the liver were measured in mudskipper. Samples were obtained from five sites along north western coast of the Persian Gulf (Khuzestan coast). Red blood cell membrane changes after different concentration of PAHs at different time was also studied to evaluate impact of PAHs compound on cell membrane. PAHs concentration was measured by HPLC method. The activity of GST enzyme was analysed by spectrophotometric method. Lysosomal membrane change was measured by NRR time method and stability of red blood cell membrane was evaluated by EOF test. Total PAH concentrations in the coastal sea water, the sediments, theliver and the gill tissues ranged between 0.80-18.34 μg/l, 113.50-3384.34 ng g-1 (dry weight), 3.99-46.64 ng g-1 dw and 3.11-17.76 ng g-1 dw, respectively.Highest PAHs pollution was found at Jafari while the lowest was detected at Bahrakan sampling sites. The lowest enzymatic activity was identified at Bahrakan (7.19 ± 1.541 nmol/mg protein/min), while the highest was recordedat Jafari (46.96 ± 7.877 nmol/mg protein/min). Comparative analysis of GST activity in the liver of mudskippers showed significant difference (p 〈 0.05) between the locations of Jafari and Bahrakan, and with other sites. Moreover, nosignificant difference was detected between the locations of Arvand, Zangi and Samayeli (p 〈 0.05). The mean RT was below 90 minutes in all sampling sites.Values of mean RT of the dye ranged from 34 (for the blood samples of mudskipper collected from Jafari site) to 78 minutes (for the blood samples of mudskipper collected from Bahrakan site). Spatial evaluation revealed the longest RT in fish from Bahrakan as compared with those from other sites.Preliminary results showed a significant difference (p 〈 0.05) among sampling sites except between Arvand and Zangi (p 〉 0.05). Osmotic fragility curves indicated that erythrocytes collected from mudskippers at Jafari were the most 009fragile followed by Zangi〉 Arvand〉 Samayeli〉 and Bahrakan. The mean erythrocyte fragility was significantly higher at Jafari site (p 〈 0.05) when compared to other sites. Significant differences were found between the varioussites (p 〈 0.05).The result indicated no significant differences between the control and treatments of mudskipper RBC exposed to field concentrations of PAHs (P〉0.05). The results further indicated significant differences (P〈0.05) between the control and treatments of mudskipper RBC exposed to acute. Potency Divisor concentrations. It is clear from the present result that chronic. Potency Divisor concentrations protect red cells against osmotic hemolysis. This study, however, showed that PAH concentrations in this region are not higher than the available standards. The findings showed that Lysosomal membrane destabilization, liver GST activities and fragility of red cell membrane are highly sensitive in the mudskipper, B. dussumieri. Thus, mudskipper perceived to begood sentinel organisms for PAH pollution monitoring. Sediment PAH concentrations were strongly correlated with biomarkers, indicating that PAH type pollutants were biologically available to fish. One of the possible riskassessment implications of this study is that biomarkers can be applied not only to characterize biological effects of pollution exposures, but also to determine the bioavailability of pollution in aquatic systems. The results also indicated that PAHs compound possess anti haemolytic property.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:P. Eghtesadi Araghi, A. Mashinchian Counsellors: M. R. Fatemi, G. Riazi

Description: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) are widely used in detergent industry. Dueto contaminants entering the water, and the effects of their accumulation in fish,LAS, has a great importance in environmental pollution. In the present study,accumulation of LAS and its histological effects on gill tissue, liver and kidneyof Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) were studied. Caspian kutum is the mostimportant and most valuable teleosts of the Caspian Sea. Due to releasingCaspian Kutum in rivers and Anzali Lagoon and unlimited entry of wastewaterto the aquatic ecosystem, research on the impact of LAS on Caspian kutum isimportant. In the present study, fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of LAS(0.58, 1.16 and 2.32 mg/l) for 192 hours. Control treatments with threereplicates at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 192 hours were done. For assessments of thehistological effects of LAS, tissue sections prepared and by using Hematoxylin -Eosin were stained, then the prepared sections, examined by light microscopy.For determination of the bio accumulation of LAS, the soxhlet extraction andsolid phase extraction was performed to determine the amount of LAS usingHPLC with fluorescence detector.According to results average of bioconcentration factor and LAS concentrationsin fish had reached stable levels after approximately 72 h and thus representedsteady state BCF values in this species.The value of steady-state bio-concentration factor of total LAS was 33.96 L.Kg-1 and for each of the homologous C10-n-LAS, C11-n-LAS, C12-n-LAS and C13-n-LAS were 3.84, 6.15, 8.58 and 15.57 L.Kg-1 respectively.According to the results obtained in gills exposed to LAS, histopathologicalalteration include hypertrophy, lifting of lamella epithelium, edema, clubbing oflamellae hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and aneurysm were seen. In liver tissueexposed to three concentrations of LAS, congestion and dilation of sinusoids,irregular-shaped nuclei and degeneration in the hepatocyte, vacuolardegeneration and necrosis were observed. In kidney exposed to threeconcentrations of LAS, reduction of the interstitial haematopoietic tissue,degeneration in the epithelial cells of renal tubule, tubular degeneration,necrosis, shrinkage and luminal occlusion were observed. According to theresults the most alteration due to exposure to LAS was seen in the gill tissue.None of the control samples showed histological effects of LAS.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:Shahla Jamili,Nader Shabanipour Counsellors: Ali mashinchian Moradi, Shahab Shariati

Description: Due to anthropogenic activities, toxic metals still represent a threat for various marine organisms. Metallothionein (MT) and cadmium concentration in gills, liver, and kidney tissues and cadmium partitioning in soluble (cytosol) and insoluble fractions of mentioned tissues of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) were determined following exposure to sub-lethal levels of waterborne cadmium (Cd) (50, 400 and 1000 μg L-1) after 1, 2, 4 and 14 days. The increases of MT from background levels in comparison to controls were 4.6-, 3-, and 2.8-fold for kidney, liver, and gills, respectively after 14 days. The matallothionein concentration in liver was in the range of 56.89-168.44 μgL-1 and for kidney and gills, 39.78-189.30 and 28.15-91.20 μgL-1, respectively. The results showed that MT level change in the kidney is time and concentration dependent. Also, cortisol measurement revealed elevation at the day 1 of exposure and that followed by MT increase in the liver. Cd concentrations in the cytosol of experimental tissues were measured and the results indicated that Cd levels in the cytosol of liver, kidney, and gills increased 240.71-, 32.05-, and 40.16-fold, respectively 14 days after exposure to 1000 μgL-1 Cd. The accumulation of Cd in cytosol of tissues is in the order of liver 〉 gills 〉 kidney. Spearman correlation coefficients showed the MT content in kidney is correlated with Cd concentration, the value of which is more than in liver and gills. Thus, kidney can be considered as a tissue indicator in Acipenser persicus for waterborne Cd contamination. Also, tissue metal accumulations (gills, liver, kidney and muscle) in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) were compared following exposure to sublethal levels of waterborne Cd (50, 400 and 1000 μg L-1) after periods of 1, 2, 4 and 14 days. Meanwhile, the trends of Cd concentration increase in different tissues during the exposure periods and concentrations were modelled as equations. The obtained results indicate that at the end of 4 and 14 days of exposure, total tissue cadmium concentration followed the pattern: liver〉 gill〉 kidney〉 muscle. Calculation of bioconcentration factor (BCF) after 14 days exposure showed that at low and high concentrations, highest BCFs were found in kidney and liver, respectively. According to the results, the accumulation capacity of muscle was the lowest at all exposure concentrations. The hematological parameters including osmolarity, total protein, cortisol and glucose of plasma were measured, too. Total protein of plasma was in the range of 416.90-1068.10 mg dl-1 plasma.Total protein decreased not significantly (P≥0.05) after exposure to Cd. Cortisol increased after 1 day exposure that followed by significant (P≤0.05) elevation of glucose. The range of cortisol was very vast and it was determined between 0.03 to 16.21 ng mL-1. The content of plasma osmolarity was in the range of 282.33-294.20 mOsmol L-1.Osmolarity of treated fish plasma showed no significant decrease (P≥0.05). Total protein in gills, liver, and kidney showed that at high concentrations of metal, protein content decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in the liver after 4 and 14 days exposure. Thus, total protein of liver and glucose of plasma can be used as general biomarkers of exposure to Cd. Also, the metallothionein and cadmium were measured in gills, kidney and liver of 8 wild Persian sturgeon caught in coast of Guilan Province. According to the results, the concentration of metallothionein was in the range of 45.87-154.66 microgram per liter with the maximum and minimum concentrations in liver and gills, respectively. The trend of cadmium concentration in cytosol of tissues was: liver〉 kidney〉 gills. The results of Spearman correlation test showed that there was a significant positive correlation between metallothionein and cadmium in cytosol of liver (r2= 0.850, p≤ 0.01). In the kidney, the correlation between cadmium and metallothionein was significantly positive (r2= 0.731, p≥ 0.05). But there was not such significant correlation in the gills (p≥ 0.05).

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors: A., Esmaili; Counsellors: A., Mashinchian Moradi; M., Pourkazemi

Description: Oxidative refolding is one of the key challenges hampering the development of peptide based compounds as therapeutics. The correct refolding for three disulfide peptide like w-Conotoxi n MVIIA is difficult and crucial for biological activity. This work advanced knowledge of chemical and biological for improve oxidative refolding of synthetic w-Conotoxi n MVIIA in base of Conus magus venom. The present study aimed to set up an appropriate and effective protocols for refolding of disulfide-rich w-Conotoxin MVIIA. In this study, the crude peptide was protected with Acm group, according to the right amino acid sequences (Synthesized by Australian Company). The crude peptide was purified by H PLC. To prepare the peptide to refolding, innovative deprotection applied molar ratio (AMR) method was performed based on mercury. Accuracy of deprotection was approved by reverse phase chromatography. The deprotected target peptide (omega-conotoxin) was determined by SDS-PAGE. Then the Oxidative refolding of target peptide was performed in six protocol based on Guanidinium chloride and oxidized and reduced Glutathione. Analgesic effect of refolded peptide was surveyed with formalin test in mice Balb/c. Non neurotoxic effects of target peptides were survey with ICV injection in mice model (C57/BL6). The innovative deprotection protocol performed based on the best ratio of mercury/2-mercaptoethanol adjusted to 1mg/10p1 in 90 minute. The results showed the yield and purity of omega-conotoxin MVIIA as 93 and 95%, respectively. Refolding of 40 mg omega Conotoxin with GSSG and GSH on ratio of 10:1 and 20 mM ammonium acetate showed the best analgesic effect compared with the other methods. The result showed 95.5% yield and 98% purity of omega-conotoxin MVIIA in this refolding method. Related refolding method reduced 85% pain in experimented mice using 7 ng of the peptide. That was 71.5 fold stronger than morphine and 2 times than standard Prialt®. And it was not neurotoxic in mice. In this study, refolding method for omega-conotoxin MVIIA was optimized in the fourth factor including: reducing the time, amount and number of reagent and increase the efficiency. We introduced new method for deprotection of omega-conotoxin MVIIA. Effective, economic and applied refolding and deprotecti on method was performed in this research may al so be applied to similar omega conotoxin peptides.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors: Delavar, Shahbazzadeh; Shahla, Jamili; counsellors: Kamran, Pooshang Bagheri; Pargol, Ghavam Mostafavi

Description: Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them a lot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Ircina spp., were collected at depth of 15- 24 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Kish in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanolic and diethyletter were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents, the GC/MS spectra of the fraction were obtained. Then in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antifungal were identified. In vitro cytotoxity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C359 and HUT-56/ C365 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 544 μg/ml. IC54 for winter diethyletter extract was 325 μg/ml, winter methanolic extract was 364 μg/ml, IC54 for summer diethyletter extract was 544 μg/ml, and summer methanolic extract was 454 μg/ml in HUT-56. IC54 for winter diethyletter extract was 454 μg/ml, winter methanolic extract was 444 μg/ml, IC54 for summer diethyletter extract was 344 μg/ml, and summer methanolic extract was 424 μg/ml in KB. In vitro antimicrobial activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical gram-positives and gram negatives (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The results conducted that the MIC values of winter diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 24mg/ml, the MIC values of winter diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 24mg/ml, the MIC and MBC values of winter diethyletter extract for Staphylococcus aureus was 2mg/ml and 24mg/ml. The MIC and MBC values of winter diethyletter extract for Bacillus subtilis was 1.5 mg/ml and 2mg/ml. In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, the MFC of the summer and winter diethyletter extract was 30 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml A. fumigates, the summer and winter methanolic extract was 0722 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml A. fumigates, the summer and winter methanolic was 4/75mg/ml, MFC 5 mg/ml on C. albicans.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors: A. A., Motallebi; SH., Jamili; Counsellors: A., Mashinchian; P., Gavam Mostafavi

Description: Toxins produced by flora and fauna and its proteins as well as valuable pharmaceutical compounds. They contain proteins used in producing painkillers, drugs for treating cancer, infectious diseases, allergy, blood pressure, etc. In this study on 250 blackfin stonefish, we investigated the LD50 and hematological effects of the toxin produced by this fish along with its pharmacological and enzymatic properties investigated by other researchers. One and three LD50 of venom injected IM in Rabbits under study was administered IV and different parameter like PT, PTT, cbc total protein and SDS-PAGE venom electrophoreses were studied before and 24 hours after venom injection. The total protein was estimated 331 µg/ml and the level of RBC WBC were 6.62 and 7.1 mm3 before venom treatment and reduce to 6.3 and 5.7 mm3 after venom injection. The MCH=21 pg MCHC=32.6% Hb=13.95 g/dl HCT=42.8% were before venom treatment and reduce to MCV=65.3 fl MCH= 22 pg MCHC=33.7% Hb=12.7 g/dl HCT=37.7% after venom injection The PT and PTT reduce after venom treatment (before venom treatment were PT=8.5 second & PTT = 27 second and after venom injection PT=15 second & PTT = 34 second) the platelet count reduce after venom injection (before venom=495 103/microliter and after venom was 49 103/microliter). Our results showed that the venom caused a significant reduction In WBC, RBC Hb, Hct, and platelet count which is due to lysis of cell after venom treatment.

Description: Masters

Description: Advisors:Dr. Shahla Jamili; Dr. Hossein Zolfagharian

Description: Pesticide residue is considered as a crucial factor in the fresh water ecosystem pollution of north Iran (Esp. Gillan and Mazandaran provinces). It is also regarded dangerous to the health of human being and animals. In this research , pesticide residue in 3 species of fish was gauged in stations of the Haraz river , the Sorkhrood river , and the Caspian sea. The sampeles were taken during 27 mounths (started in April 97 and ended to June 99). The maximum level of pesticide in water was found in July 98 for lindine at 12.4 ppb. The level of chlorinated pesticide residue recorded at 63 ppb in April 98. The level of. organophosphorus pesticides residue in water was at 1.75 ppb in Aug 97. The toxicity of the mentioned pesticide and bioaccomulation were taken into account in conducting this researched.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisor:Abbas Esmaieli Sari Counsellor:Mohammadreza Ahmadi. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.

Description: This research was carried out for recognizing Natural Flora Bacteria of oil pollution in the coasts of Queshm island. In The First steps, The coasts of this Island were scrutinized as a Field of research and For knowing whether oil stains exist or not. It gets obvious That southern coasts of Queshm have got oil pollution which is created by oil tankers which carry oil of Iran continental shelf. Them oil stains were sampled from to certain stations. In The First step, primary isolation of exisiting bacteria in every oil sample was done and then purification of each bacterium was carried out. Then each purified bacterium that has got strong, recognized, typic growth was enriched oil sample of T5 station. And Bacterium C4 (gram—negative coccobacillus) was chosen as the second priority From oil sample of TA station and Bacterium B1 (gram—positive coccus) was chosen as The third priority From oil sample of TI station. All The above mentioned bacteria were biochemically, physiologically and morphologically experimented For specking The species. According To The tests done and comparing with The tests done and comparing with the reference Berge y' s, bacterium A5 Pelongs to the species pseudomonas sp and becterium C4 belongs to the species Aeromonas sp and bacterium BI belongs to The species micrococcus sp. In The Last stage, bacterium with The First priority (TA5 pseudomonas sp) was used in the planned microcosm. The sake of optimum and adapting to Laboratory conditions Each enriched and purified bacterium was given a code for station and a code For itself . Then This bacterium was studied and it was proved that it has potentiality For using oil as a source of carbon. From oil samples of 10 stations, 30 various Colonies of bacterium were Isolated, of which 20 bacteria had the highest potentiality of growth. And the other bacteria that has no typic growth were omitted From being studied. Since all of These 20 bacterium are able to use oil, a bacterium with maximum rate of growth in the presence of crude oil and Lack of other hydrocarbonic sources and with The code A5 ( gram — negative Bacillus ) was chosen as First priority From The mentioned microcosm contains sea water , suspension oil degrading bacterium , crude oil, azote and various concentrations of carbon and Incubated in 30°` and shook 150 PRA1 According to the results , index oil degrading bacterium (pseudomonas sp) belongs oil sample of T5 stations (east of sheeb draz Gulf) which growth best and have the potentiality of degrading oil in 25 glli malas and 50 glli cheese water and with 5 gill urea .

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:Mahnaz Mazaheri Asadi, Abbas Esmaieli Sari Counsellor:Mohammadreza Fatemi. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.

Description: In the present research, investigations were carried out for structure elucidation of natural compounds and also for studing biological and teratogenical effects of two Genus of soft corals named as " Echinogorgia cf. indica" and "Sinularia erecta" in Persian Gulf. First, 350 gr Echinogorgia was extracted by Acetone, then, the extract was separated by ether from aqueos phase to give 4.5 gr oil. The oil eluted with Petrol - ether Et2 o (9:1) which was recovered Linderazulene and it's derivative as purple Cristals (350 mg/ca 0.1 %). In order to determine molecular structure, the Samples were used for spectroscopic method as: H1- NMR , C13- NMR and 2D NMR. Also, for extraction and structure elucidation of natural compounds, the soft coral " sinularia erecta " were used 1187/37 gr and extracted by Aceton. The extract was concentrated and resulting aqueous suspension and extracted by using ether to give 8.41 gr oil. The oil , was Chromatographed on a column of silica gel and some different fractions were gathered. Initial fraction (1-11) which were nonpolar compounds were seprated by GC/MS. Mass spectrum were prepared and much compounds were recognized.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:Sh. Oryan, Ab. Rustaiyan Counsellors:K. Parivar, K. Zareh. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.

Description: Ecological risk assessment is determination of the probability of an adverse effect occurring to an ecological system. This investigation was carried out to assess the ecological risk of sediment in coast of Bandar Abbass in 9 stations including Shilat Jetty, Hotel Amin, Poshte-Shahr, Souro, Bahonar Jetty, Powerhouse, Refinery and Rajaee Jetty from autumn 2013 to summer 2014. Results showed that Polychaete with 1177 , 1109 , 414 , 573 , ind.m2 in autumn 91 , winter 91 , spring 92 and summer 92 were the most abundant in frequency respectively. Among ecological indices, the Margalof that ranged from 4 to 7 was in a good situation while Shanoon and Berger – Parker with 1.2 (at most) and 0.32 (at least) respectively indicated an environment with probable stress. Heavy metal distribution obtained as Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn in sediment. In tissue, the distribution of heavy metals were as Crab〉polychaete〉Bivalve〉gastropod for Pb, Gastropod〉Bivalve〉Polychaete〉Crab for Cd, Gastropod〉Crab〉Polychaete〉Bivalve for Cu and Gastropod〉Bivalve〉Crab〉Polychaete for Zn. Maximum and Minimum of TOM obtained 10.16 and 1.96 percent in Posht-e-Shahr and shilat Jetty respectively and clay was the dominant grain in most area. Bioaccumulation coefficient of Zn and Cu was high in all stations. Igeo as a single index was high for Cd indicating a high risk in all stations. Potential Ecological Risk was high for Cu and Zn and goes increasingly from shilat Jetty to Rajee Jetty but goes down for Pb. Pollution index for Cu and Pb was nearly the same as Potential Ecological Risk but for Zn goes constantly. Among PAH, 5-ring and 6-ring PAhs were more concentrate comparison to other compounds in sediment. 2-ring and 3-ring, 3-ring, 4-ring and 5-ring and 5-ring PAHs were more concentrate in Gastropod, Bivalve, Crab and Polychaete respectively. HI as an index of PAH obtained 1. Ecological Risk Indices showed that the heavy metals are a serious risk for invertebrate in sediment but PAHs are not a risk for benthic community.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:R.M. Nadoshan Ph.D, M.S.Mortezavi Ph.D Counsellors:A.Mashinchian Ph.D, S.M.Fatemi Ph.D

Description: Green scat namely as Scatophagus argus argus is a venomous aquarium fish belonging to Scatophagidae family. It can induce painful wounds in injured hand with partial paralysis to whom that touch the spines. Dorsal and ventral rough spines contain cells that produce venom with toxic activities. According to unpublished data collected from local hospitals in southern coastal region of Iran, S. argus is reported as a venomous fish. Envenomation induces clinical symptoms such as local pain, partial paralysis, erythema and itching. In the present study green scat (spotted scat) was collected from Persian Gulf coastal waters. SDS-PAGE indicated 12 distinct bands in the venom ranged between 10-250 KDa. The crude venom had hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes (1%) with an LC100 (Lytic Concentration) of about 1.7 μg. The crude venom can release 813 μg proteins from 0.5% casein. Phospholipase C activity was recorded at 3.125 μg of total venom. Our findings showed that the edematic activity remained over 48 h after injection.The purification of the venom was done by HPLC and 30 peaks were obtained within 80 min but only one peak in 68 min retention time showed hemolytic activity at 90% acetonitril was isolated. The area percentage of the hemolytic protein showed that this hemolytic protein consist of 32 percent of total proteins and its molecular weight was 72 KDa in SDS_PAGE.The results demonstrated that crude venom extracted from Iranian coastal border has different toxic and enzymatic activities.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:Shahla Jamili, Delavar Shahbazzadeh. Counsellors: Mohammad reza Fatemi, Behrouz Vaziri

Description: Chemical ecology is the science of study and analysis of natural chemical products in result of biochemical processes in organisms and their reactions to variations of ecological and environmental parameters.In marine chemical ecology the existence of natural products in aquatic organisms and their ecological roles in marine animals and their reactions to environmental parameters variations will be studied.Among them, fatty acids are the most various and abundant ones in natural products which had been extracted from many marine organisms such as mollusks and algae.In this study selected animals were the dominant species of mollusks in intertidal zone of chabahar bay including gastropods, bivalves and polyplacophora classes.Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus species are among gastropoda, Saccostrea cucullata is from bivalve, and Chiton lamyi is from polyplacophora.After seasonal sampling, separation and identification of natural products of these species, fatty acids had been isolated and identified by GC mass chromatography and their seasonal variations had been identified.In addition environmental factors of the location including pH, salinity temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and nutrients were measured monthly.Then the effect of seasonal variations of environmental factors on fatty acids had been studied by applying statistical analysis.GC/MS resulted thirteen fatty acids, which the most importants were myristic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids.In majority of species palmitic acid was most abundant than the others and saturatedes had the most percentage levels than unsaturated ones.Although seasonal variations of identified fatty acids was not similar in species, but the majority of unsaturated ones had their maximum during winter, while saturated acids reached their maximum in summer.Statistical Analysis showed the strong correlations between Environmental factors and some fatty acids and temperature, nitrate, silicate and pH had strong correlations in all species.The species was studied from the point of lipid content and the results showed a good quality of lipid content in the selected species in the intertidal zone of Chabahar bay.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:Peiman Eghtesadi, Ali Mashianchin Counsellors:Isa Iavari, Shahla Jamili. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.

Description: Biochemical ecotoxicology and biomarkers using are a new sciences that are used for biomonitoring in aquatic environment. Biomonitoring plays a vital role in strategies to identify, assess, and control contaminants. On the other hands in recent year's attention to polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals increased in aquatic environments because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties combined with their nearly ubiquitous distribution in depositional environments by oil pollution or industrial waste waters.The present research aimed to assess PAHs and Ni, V levels in surface sediments and bivalves (Anodonta cygnea)and the effects of PAHs and heavy metals (Ni,V) on the hemocyte of the Anodonta cygnea were investigated in 2 stations (Mahrozeh, Selke in Anzali Lagoon, North of Iran). Samples were collected during at 2 different periods of the year, Dry and rain seasons, (June & September) and to confirm our first observations, Cage station is added. The bivalves hemocytes were monitored for membrane injury by NRR methods (neutral red retention assay).Heavy metal (Ni, V) concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption in Anodonta cygnea and the sediments in Anzali Lagoon. The vanadium concentration in bivalves and sediments was ND(not detect )-0.4231 μg/g and 1.4381-306.9603 μg/g dry weight respectively. Nickel concentration in bivalves and sediments was 0.0231-1.3351, 0.4024-19.3561 μg/g dry weight respectively.PAHs concentrations were determined by GC-Mass in Anodonta cygnea and the sediments. Average concentration of PAHs is 115-373.788 ng/g dry weight in bivalves and average concentration of PAHs is 34.85-1339.839 ng/g dry weight in sediments. Bioaccumulation sediments factor(BASF) is high about PAHs (〉1) and BASF is low for Ni, V (〈1) .Internal Damage mechanisms of bivalves hemocytes (cell mortality, dye leakage, decreased membrane stability, are observed (Lowe Methods).Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationship between altered cellular and above contaminants. There are power and negative correlations between PAHs and NRR method for hemocytes in Anodonta cygnea (P〈0.0005), but good correlation is not observed between Ni, V and NRR method for hemocytes in every time.This research indicates that the NRR assay is a useful screening technique able to discriminate polluted sites and at first we announce that Anodonta cygnea hemocytes are efficient biomarker for PAHs pollutants in fresh water.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:Peyman Eghtesadi, Shahla Jamili Counsellors:Abbasali Motallebi, Mohammad Rabbani

Description: Biological studies and heavy metal (Ni, v, Fe, Pb,Cd) determination in liver, gonad and muscle of Scomberomorus commerson were carried out from Oct 2006 to Sept 2007 in Hormozgan coastal waters. 599 Samples were gutted for reproduction and nutrition studies, fork length and weight were measured to nearest cm and g respectively. Meanwhile 40 samples were also investigated for heavy metal studies. All specimens were collected from two major landing sites (Bandar Lengeh & Bandar Abbas). Minimums & maximum fork length & weight were 29, 128 cm & 235 and 15350 g respectively.Isometric growth was shown according to our study and b was estimated 2.9 (overall), 2.91(male) & 2.89 (female). The average relative gut length was 0.52± 0.007 and it was determined that S. commerson is a carnivorous. More than 99 percent of gut content was different teleost fishes. Gastro somatic index had two peaks in Nov & Jan (before spawning) and with a decreased trend in July, the spawning period. Occurrence of empty stomach was estimated % 65.77. Maximum amount of condition factor was in Dec. Spawning season was started from June. The average of Absolute & relative fecundity (to weight unit) was 1217149±179315 and 178.2±15.58 respectively. Lm50% was estimated 75 cm for females. Sex ratio was 0.97: 1 (male: female). Chi- Square test showed no significant difference (p〉0.05). Maximum amount of hepatosomatic index was estimated in March.Metal concentrations were determined using either Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (for Fe) or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (for Pb,Cd,Ni and V). The mean concentration (μg/g dry weight)of Pb,Cd,Ni,V and Fe in the liver were 0.0309, 0.0268, 0.0672, 0.0077, 2.5159 in the gonad 0.0440 ,0.0295, 0.1096, 0.0000, 1.4449 and in the muscle 0.0244, 0.0324, 0.0656, 0.0128, 1.6138 respectively. The maximum metal concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits for human consumption recommended by the USEPA, WHO and the UK. The results of Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient were as follows:The Liver tissue:There were significant positive linear relationships between accumulation of V, Fe, and Pb with Fork length, Pb and Fe with weight, GSI with Pb, Cd, V and 109 Fe, and a negative linear relationships between HSI with accumulation of V and Fe, Fork length, weight and GSI.The Gonad tissue:There were significant positive linear relationships between GSI with accumulation of Pb, Cd, Fe, Fork length and weight, a negative linear relationship between HSI with Fork length, weight and GSI.The Muscle tissue:There were significant positive linear relationships between accumulations of V, Fe with Fork length and weight factors and as well as GSI with Cd, V, Fe, Pb, Fork length and weight,a negative linear relationship between HSI with Fork length, weight, Cd, Fe and GSI. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests (P≤0.05) show that there were significant differences between summer and autumn from heavy metal contents in the studied tissues point of view. The only exceptions were for Ni in the liver, gonads and muscle and as well as there were significant differences between male and female from heavy metal contents in the studied tissues. The only exceptions were for Pb in muscle, Ni in liver, gonad and muscle, V in muscle, and Cd and Fe in gonads.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:S. Jamili, F Kaymaram Counsellors: M.R Fatemi, M. S Motrazavi

Description: In the present study possibility of Malathion biomarker with Genotoxicity andEcophysiological reactions were determined in Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutiluscaspicus). At fist LC50 value of Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide was determined. Then four groups of experimental fish (containing 30 fish in each group) were exposed to different concentrations of Malathion. e. 0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0/1 ppm respectively for 23 days and effects of Malathion on Hematological (RBC, WBC, Hb and Hct) and biochemical parameters (Glucose, triglyceride, urea, total protein and Albumin), some enzymes (SGPT, SGOT and ALP), Cortisol level, plasma cations (Na+ and K+) , histological changes (gill and liver) and finally DNA destruction were examined. Sampling was done in 3rd, 13th, 23rd days during exposure and also 30 days after recovery. Data analysis was done by SPSS (Ver.13) and graphs were drawn by Excel 2007. Results showed that WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, some biochemical parameters and K+ of Mallation treatments were decreased significantly in compare to control group (P〈0.05). Changes in enzyme were many different. No significant changes were observed in Na+ and cortisol levels (except in groups treated with 0.01 Mallation) (P〉0.05). LC50 value of Malathion in Caspian Roach was 6.5 ppm. Histological examinations showed thatMallation cause tissue damages and there were more damages in longer times and in higher concentrations. Apoptotic cell and comet were observed as DNAdestruction and they were more in treatments with higher Mallation concentrations for longer times.

Description: PhD

Description: Advisors:Shahla Jamili Ph.D, Maryam Shahidi Ph.D Counsellors: Ali Mashinchiyan Mouradi Ph.D, Gholam Hosain Vosoghi Borazjani Ph.D