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  • General Chemistry  (7,708)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1,604)
  • Limnology  (75)
  • Aerodynamics
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (9,312)
  • Environment Agency North West  (75)
  • 2020-2022  (75)
  • 1975-1979  (5,780)
  • 1920-1924  (3,532)
Collection
Keywords
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Year
  • 1
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10956 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:56:11 | 10956 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This is the River Ehen and Tributaries SSSI consultation Protocol for the Environment Agency with English Nature, produced in 1998. The Protocol is intended to provide for consistency of approach, to clarify responsibilities and help to streamline the statutory consultation and consenting procedures in which both organisations are involved. It provides guiding principles on the approach to management issues. Based on the operations likely to damage the special interest (OLDSI) which forms part of the SSSI notification, the protocol identified acceptable management activities which contribute to the special interest of the site and those which may adversely affect that interest. OLDSI includes activities such: land drainage consents, discharge consents, herbicides approvals, fish-stocking consents, fishing licences, abstraction and impoundment licences, consents to construct/test pump boreholes, integrated pollution Control Licences and Waste Management Licences, capital projects, flood defence maintenance works, water resources, fisheries, pollution control, ecology surveys and Recreation works.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Ehen catchment ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater lakes ; Nature conservation ; SSSI ; OLDSI ; Freshwater pollution ; water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 29
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  • 2
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11003 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:45:42 | 11003 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This is the history of contamination in sediments from the Mersey Estuary: Development of a chronology for the contamination of the Mersey Estuary by heavy metals and organochlorines Report produced by the Environment Agency in 1998. This report looks at the history of industrial contamination of the Mersey and Ribble Estuaries back to the early part of the last century, many decades before the start of monitoring programmes providing a remarkably detailed picture of very complex changes. There is a clear record in the sediment of the contamination by each heavy metal (including: Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn) and organochlorine chemical (including DDT isomers and PCB congeners) studied. The results of the study clearly show the increases in levels of contamination as industry expanded early last century followed by various improvements as this century progressed. Each pollutant has its own idiosyncratic pattern of change with some improvements predating modern environmental concerns whilst other changes seem to relate directly to recent improvements in legislative control. Overall, for the pollutants studied, the results clearly demonstrate the magnitude of improvement that has been achieved in what was a very polluted area. The only major reservation to this story is that despite the wide range of substances covered, many other potentially important pollutants remain to be studied in a similar manner.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Mersey ; Ribble ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Estuaries ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Arsenic ; Chromium ; Copper ; Mercury ; Zinc ; Organochlorines ; HCB ; PCBs ; DDT ; Environmental Assessment ; Freshwater pollution ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 104
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  • 3
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11005 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:45:23 | 11005 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This is the Mersey Estuary baseline survey: Analysis of macroinfaunal samples, literature review and database production report produced by the Environment Agency North West in 2002. This report presents an ecological review of the Mersey estuary along with an extensive bibliography of the available environmental literature for this system. The central objective of this programme has been to provide the information necessary to support the Environment Agency's review of existing and future consents (for discharges, abstractions etc) in the Mersey estuary. This review of consents was required because the Mersey had been designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA) under the EC Birds Directive. Therefore under Regulation 50 of the Conservation, the Environment Agency was responsible for reviewing any extant consent, or future applications, which may directly or indirectly, affected this SPA.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Mersey ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Estuaries ; Survey ; Habitat Directive ; Birds Directive ; SPA ; Invertebrates ; Birds ; Sediment quality ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 26
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  • 4
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11042 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:23:21 | 11042 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Five fishermen pulling net in Black Moss Tarn. This photo is part of a photo album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland waters ; Tarns ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 5
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11044 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:17:27 | 11044 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Five men working in the reinforcement of the Sprint Mill weir in Cumbria, UK. This photo is part of a photo album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; Fish passes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 6
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11046 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:19:48 | 11046 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two men with a 20 lb. pike from Lune being transferred to Roan Head, North West England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fisheries ; Fish farm
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 7
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11051 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:21:01 | 11051 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two fishermen pulling a net in a boat in Lune Estuary, North West England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lune estuary ; Estuaries ; Marine fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 8
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11059 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:22:06 | 11059 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Rooks fish pass at Garstang Weir in the River Wyre, North West England, UK. This photo shows pollution in River Lune in July 1949. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freswater fish ; Migratory fish ; Fish passes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 9
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11065 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:22:33 | 11065 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: An unidentified man on a Winter day with more than ten eels over snow. The photo was taken at an unidentified location in the North West of England. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; Fishing ; Eels
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 10
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11068 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:23:02 | 11068 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Cockersand Abbey Lighthouse, in River Lune the Baulk, River Lune estuary on the Lancashire Fylde peninsula in the North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lune estuary ; Estuaries ; Marine fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 11
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11069 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:23:13 | 11069 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: A fisherman with a hen pike caught on the 7.3.1950 at Baines Pool, North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a photo album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 12
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11071 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:23:38 | 11071 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Photo of Hindburn Force Dam, North West of England, UK, including a fish pass. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; River works ; Fish pass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 13
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11078 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:24:07 | 11078 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: ChurchTown Weir in the River Wyre, North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freswater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 14
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11079 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:24:15 | 11079 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Fish trap at Garstang weir in the River Wyre, North West of England, UK. This photo shows pollution in River Lune in July 1949. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freswater fish ; Migratory fish ; Fish passes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 15
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11088 | 1256 | 2013-03-29 14:15:54 | 11088
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This is the report on the strategic fisheries stock assessment survey of the minor catchments in South West Cumbria 1996 with particular reference to salmonids, produced by North West Water in 1994. The 1996 Minor Catchment survey indicates variations in salmonid production within these catchments. Survey results indicate that production may be reaching its limit in certain areas whilst others are underachieving and others are unsuitable for salmonid production. Trout production within the catchments is higher and more widespread than that of salmon. Water quality levels vary considerably between catchments and intra-annually within individual catchments. The need for selective habitat surveys, with a view to habitat improvement schemes (H.I.S) is discussed. This report formed a basis for subsequent reports, thus, allowing data comparisons and analysis of production level fluctuations. It was the most extensive assessment of these catchments to date, taking into account comparisons with the new National Database on salmonid production in England and Wales.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; South West Cumbria ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fish populations ; Migratory species ; Freshwater fish ; Fish passes ; Fish catch statistics ; Fishery data ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 13
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  • 16
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11093 | 1256 | 2013-03-29 14:19:10 | 11093 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: Historic film on the River Lune, North England, UK. It shows the River Lune near its estuary at Lancaster. The film was made in the summer of 1972 over several weeks and is 14:25 minutes long. It combines aerial shots of the River, scientific and hydraulic work by the University of Salford which worked on a new weir of the Lune (Skerton Weir). Audio commentary explains the work. The film was produced by Cinephoto House, Manchester, on behalf of the predecessor orgenaisation of the Environment Agency, UK. The intended audience of the film is unknown.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: The film has been digitised from 16mm cine film. A higher resolution video of the film can be found here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixyCQewKPDU
    Keywords: Engineering ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Skerton Weir ; Lancaster ; River flow ; Estuaries ; Fish passage ; Flooding ; Forge Weir ; Hydraulic models ; Engineering ; Tide ; fish migration
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: other
    Format: text/html
    Format: video/mp4
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  • 17
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11101 | 1256 | 2013-04-03 15:27:14 | 11101 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: This is the Report on fisheries invertebrate survey of the Groove Beck, Thornsgill Beck and Troutbeck system produced by the Environment Agency North West in 1997. In 1996 the National Rivers Authority (NRA) report on the 1992 strategic stock assessment for the Upper Derwent catchment Jane Atkins recommended that should subsequent electrofishing show continued low densities, a survey of the invertebrate fauna should be undertaken to assess the food availability for salmonids, in order that lack of food could be ruled out as a contributory factor in their poor breeding success. Additionally the survey looked at the substrate to try to determine whether the bed type might actually be unsuitable for spawning, especially in view of the previously mentioned silt inputs.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + tables
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Groove Beck ; Thornsgill Beck ; Trout Beck ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Environmental survey ; Freshwater fishes ; Migratory species ; Invertebrate larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 4
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  • 18
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10986 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:50:54 | 10986 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This is the report on Habitats Directive, the Review of Consents Stage 1 and 2 by the Environment Agency of the South Pennine Moors cSAC/SPA.The Habitats Directive has the main aim to promote the maintenance of biodiversity by defining a common framework for the conservation of wild plants and animals and habitats of community interest. The Directive establishes a European ecological network known as "Natura 2000". The network comprises Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and Special Protection Areas (SPA). In the section on Stage 1 or Screening Process of the Habitat Directive, it is identified the likely impacts upon the Rixton Clay Pits cSAC of a project, plan or activities, either alone or in combination with other projects, plans or activities, and considers whether these impacts are likely to be significant. In the section on Stage 2 or Appropiate Assessment of the Habitat Directive, it is considered the impact on the integrity of the Rixton Clay Pits cSAC of the projects, plans or activities, either alone or in combination with other projects, plans or activities, with respect to the site’s structure and function and its conservation objectives. Additionally, where these are adverse impacts, an assessment of the potential mitigation of those impacts. The criteria used in this report to identify relevant projects, plans or activities and their impacts are water quality discharge consents, waste management licences, abstraction licences, Integration Pollution Control (IPC) and Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) permits. Proformas, hydrogeological and GIS maps are included in the review.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; South Pennine Moors ; Habitats Directive ; SAC ; SPA ; Screening ; Assessment ; Impacts ; Waste management ; Discharge licences ; Abstraction licences ; Pollution prevention ; Pollution control
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 91
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  • 19
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10995 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:48:07 | 10995 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This is the Water Level Management Plan for the Rostherne Mere by the Environment Agency. The purpose of the Plan is to provide a formal basis for managing the land drainage system and water supply system of the area in order to provide a sustainable balance between the conservation and agricultural interest in the area. No changes are proposed to present water level management or maintenance practices unless and until such changes are agreed by all parties.The report contains sections on description of Site, water level management, maintenance, nature conservation, agriculture, fisheries, archaeology, water quality and water resources, development adjacent to watercourses, contingencies and objectives of the Water Level Management.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: +appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Rostherne Mere ; Habitats Directive ; Drainage management ; Environmental assessment ; Water level ; Water supply ; Sustainable Conservation ; Agricultural interest
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11
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  • 20
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11004 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:45:32 | 11004
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This is the Water Quality Monitoring in the Mersey Estuary report produced by the Environment Agency in 2001. This report focuses on the Water Quality Monitoring Programme held in the Mersey Estuary. Since the mid-1960s water samples have been collected at approximately monthly intervals along the length of the estuary between Warrington and New Brighton and in later years further off-shore. This data-set provides an invaluable resource to determine how the very large capital spending of recent years has resulted in the dramatic improvements in water quality that we are now able to record. Initially, the interest was focused on parameters such as dissolved oxygen, BOD, nutrients and suspended solids. Over the last decades, as analytical methods have improved, toxic metals and persistent organic compounds have been included in the routine monitoring programme at a limited number of sites. Moreover, with the introduction of the European Water Framework Directive monitoring programmes it was an opportune time to review the Mersey monitoring strategy. This revised monitoring programme required data from several other components (water, sediments, flora, fauna, fish and birds. This report also contains information about Routine monthly surveys, Special surveys, Chloralkali Directive, UKNMP, British Geological Survey, EDMAR and NERC Environmental Diagnostics Thematic Programme.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Mersey ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Estuaries ; Freshwater pollution ; Heavy metals ; Chloralkali Directive ; Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 21
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11055 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:21:37 | 11055 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Three men electrofishing in an unknown a dry stream in North West England, UK, in the 50's. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association. The exact date of this image is unknown.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Electrofishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 22
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11054 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:21:28 | 11054 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Three men walking through the Stockdale Beck, North West England, UK, waiting for spawners in 1954. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; North Yorkshire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish
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  • 23
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11056 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:21:48 | 11056 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Collins Weir in River Wyre, North West England, UK. Photo taken on the 7th of September 1935. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freswater fish
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  • 24
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11064 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:22:25 | 11064 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two men working in a weir and fish pass at Whitendale, North West England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; River works ; Weir ; Fish pass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 25
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11074 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:23:46 | 11074 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Photo of a check trap in Abbeystead Fish Pass in the River Wyre in 1949. The River Wyre is located in the North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 26
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    Unknown
    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11075 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:23:59 | 11075 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Photo of a hatching cage in Tower Mill, an unidentified location in the North West of England, UK. The image was taken in 1950. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Inland waters ; Hatcheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 27
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11089 | 1256 | 2013-03-29 14:15:40 | 11089 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This is the report on the strategic fisheries stock assessment survey of the River Winster 1995 together with a coarse fish survey in 1994 and reference to the 1995 drought, produced by the Environment Agency North West in 1996. Salmonid production within the Winster catchment was dominated by trout although good densities of salmon juveniles were found on some main river sites. Despite suffering drought conditions for much of 1995, only salmon fry production appeared to have been affected. Coarse fish populations once found in the lower reaches of the Winster appear to have declined to very low levels with no fish sampled. This may be partly due to broken tidal gates allowing saline intrusion. It seems that the lower river was suited to the development of a recreational coarse fishery, now that the gates have been repaired. This report completes the strategic stock assessment surveys planned for the period 1992-1995. It represents the last major catchment that was surveyed to determine the current status of fisheries in the South and South West Cumbria areas.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; River Winster ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fish populations ; Migratory species ; Freshwater fish ; Fish passes ; Fish catch statistics ; Fishery data ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 13
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  • 28
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11092 | 1256 | 2013-03-29 14:14:36 | 11092 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This is the report on the Leven estuary project: Fisheries Department final report produced by the Environment Agency North West in 1997. This report contains information about Leven estuary, river Leven catchment, river Crake catchment and the Ulverston Discharges. The Leven estuary is characterised by being very shallow, and shares the extremely variable tides and currents that characterize the whole of Morecambe Bay. There was little detailed knowledge of the impact on the Leven estuary, and particularly its fisheries, of the discharges from Ulverston. There has been some concern expressed by the lave netsmen and the general public about the possible harmful effects of the effluents on the biology of the estuary. In the absence of a definite strategy for the protection and management of the estuary was born this project. The project involves water quality monitoring, effluent and estuary toxicity testing, tracking of effluent plumes, and salmonid tagging and tracking. The entire project commenced in June 1995 and was expected to reach a conclusion in March 1997. The information gained from the project was expected to contribute to the creation of a 'mixing zone' for the effluent, and to improve the environmental management of the estuary and protection of its fishery.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; River Leven ; Leven estuary ; River Crake ; Inland waters ; Estuaries ; Freshwater fish ; Fish populations ; Migratory species ; Freshwater fish ; Fish passes ; Fish catch statistics ; Fishery data ; Freshwater pollution ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 65
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  • 29
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11091 | 1256 | 2013-03-29 14:15:05 | 11091 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This is the Brown trout habitat assessment on the River Bela catchment produced by the Environment Agency North West in 1997. The Environment Agency (EA) and its predecessor the National Rivers Authority undertook strategic fish stock assessments in 1992 and 1995 on the River Bela catchment. These surveys found low numbers of brown trout {Salmo trutta) at some sites. Following this, habitat evaluation assessments were undertaken on the eleven poorest sites Factors probably responsible for declining trout populations on the three main tributaries of the Bela catchment include: Overgrazing by farm stock; Lack of suitable cover for parr; the absence of suitable spawning areas; existing potential of certain areas within the catchment not being utilised, due to poor dispersal. Habitat Improvement Schemes (H.I.S) are discussed and prioritised.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; River Bela ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fish populations ; Migratory species ; Freshwater fish ; Fish passes ; Fish catch statistics ; Fishery data ; Water quality ; H.I.S.
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 27
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  • 30
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11090 | 1256 | 2013-03-29 14:15:29 | 11090 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This is the report on the River Ehen salmonid fishery - current status and a summary of fisheries work during the period 1993-1996, produced by the Environment Agency North West in 1997. This report draws together a number of investigations and surveys undertaken following the 1993 Strategic fisheries survey of the River Ehen. It specifically details the historic catch data available for this catchment for both salmon and sea trout and examines the current stock levels based on this data. Concerns over sea trout stock levels are raised and a detailed examination of the possible limiting factors involved is included. Information from surveys on the River Keekle is analysed with reference to its potential for sea trout production both currently and with the proposed clean up on Oatlands tip. Salmon production in the historically acidified River Liza sub catchment is examined along with ways of boosting production further following recent reductions in acidic episodes. Future and current issues and actions required in the catchment are listed along with the responsible party and estimated costs involved.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + maps
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; River Ehen ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fish populations ; Migratory species ; Freshwater fish ; Fish passes ; Fish catch statistics ; Fishery data ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 29
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  • 31
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10914 | 1256 | 2013-03-22 14:06:01 | 10914 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This is the Cheshire stillwaters summary results 1999 from the Environment Agency North West. In May 1997, a Stillwaters meeting was held to discuss the way forward in stillwaters monitoring. It decided upon the establishment of a three year rolling programme, in which three stillwaters would be monitored three times a year, every third year. During 1999, stillwaters monitored for the third year of the Stillwaters Monitoring Programme were Tabley Mere, Comber Mere and Norbury Mere. Surveys of Petty Pool and Betley Mere continued for a second and third year respectively after water quality concerns were highlighted in previous end-of-year reports. Oak Mere was also surveyed for the third year running due to its unusual ecology. This year, the variety of parameters monitored was limited to algal, zooplankton and water chemical samples. Fisheries and marginal invertebrate surveys were not completed due to lack of resources.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cheshire ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental monitoring ; Survey ; Water Quality ; Eutrophication ; Inland waters ; Pollution ; Fish surveys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 9
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  • 32
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10915 | 1256 | 2013-03-22 14:04:59 | 10915 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This is the Stillwaters monitoring programme. Summary results 2001 and 2002 from the Environment Agency North West. Until January 2001 the South Area Stillwaters Sampling Programme consisted of a rolling programme where five to six stillwaters were sampled three times a year (spring, summer and autumn). However, this method was not yielding the water quality information required for long term monitoring. Local weather conditions influence short-term water quality events, e.g. algal blooms, nutrient consumption, stratification, super-saturation etc, so results from one day sampling could only be regarded as individual ‘spot’ samples. Therefore year-on-year comparisons could not be made. It was decided that long-term water quality monitoring of the stillwaters would benefit more from sampling nutrient abundance over winter months. This would give an insight into the carry-over of nutrients available for algal growth the following year and so year-on-year productivity could be assessed. Survey results shown in this report were from: The Mere, Rostherne Mere, Melchett Mere, Tabley Mere, Tatton Mere, Hatchmere, Oak Mere, Black Lake, Chapel Mere, Bar Mere, Oss Mere, Marbury Big Mere, Comber Mere and Betley Mere.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cheshire ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental monitoring ; Survey ; Water Quality ; Eutrophication ; Inland waters ; Pollution ; Fish surveys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 33
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10917 | 1256 | 2013-03-22 14:03:12 | 10917 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This is the Stillwaters monitoring programme. Summary results 2004 and 2005 from the Environment Agency North West. This report focuses on the 5th year of winter monitoring analysis in 14 stillwaters in Cheshire. The 14 stillwaters analysed are: Comber Mere, Oss Mere, Marbury Big Mere, Chapel Mere, Bar Mere, Oak Mere, Hatch Mere, Black Lake, Betley Mere, Tabley Mere, Melchett Mere, Tatton Mere, Rostherne Mere and Mere mere. Nutrient availability in the stillwaters analysed is used to look into the productivity of the waterbody. Bank-side water samples were taken for nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorous) and chlorophyll. A YSI multi-parameter sonde measures temperature, pH, specific conductivity and dissolved oxygen (% saturation).
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cheshire ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental monitoring ; Survey ; Water Quality ; Eutrophication ; Inland waters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 34
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10918 | 1256 | 2013-03-22 14:01:32 | 10918 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This is the Oak Mere continuous monitoring summary report, 1997 to 2000 from the Environment Agency North West. This report focuses on the continuous monitoring programme made by a multi -parameter probe in Oak Mere since summer 1997. From 1999 nutrient and chlorophyll samples were taken when the water quality instrument was serviced. Water level measurements were made since 1998. Moreover, the report shows a summary Oak mere water quality of each year (1997-2000). The physico-chemical parameters and nutrient levels included are: temperature, specific conditions, dissolved oxygen, pH, Depth, secchi disc measurements, chlorophyll a, total Phosphorus, orto-Phosphate, Nitrate, Ammonia, and Silicate.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cheshire ; Oak Mere ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental monitoring ; Survey ; Water Quality ; Inland waters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 3
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  • 35
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8380 | 1256 | 2012-03-01 17:30:43 | 8380 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Redd counting is an integral part of most Fishery Officers duties. The number and distribution of salmonid redds throughout salmonid catchments provides invaluable information on the range and extent of spawning by both salmon and sea trout. A project was initiated by the Fisheries Science and Management Team of Central Area, North West Region in England in liaison with the Flood Defence function. The main objective of this project was to assess redd count data for Central Area and attempt to quantify these data in order to produce a grading system that would highlight key salmonid spawning areas. By showing which were the main areas for salmon and sea trout spawning, better informed decisions could be made on whether or not in-stream Flood Defence works should be given the go-ahead. The main salmonid catchments in Central Area were broken into individual reaches, approximately 1 km in length. The number of redds in these individual reaches were then calculated and a density per lkm value was obtained for each reach. A grading system was devised which involved looking at the range of density per km values and dividing this by five to produce 5 classes, A - E. A sixth class (F) was used where the density per Ion value was 0.00. This grading system was calculated at two levels of detail. Grades for salmon and sea trout were produced for each individual catchment and also on an Area-wide level. Maps were produced using a range of colours to represent the grade for each reach. These maps provide a highly useful overview of the status of salmonid spawning for each catchment over individual years and highlight the key salmon and sea trout spawning areas in each catchment. These maps and the associated summary data should now provide Flood Defence and Fisheries staff with a fairly detailed overview of the status of spawning in any location within the. main salmonid catchments in Central Area. Although these maps are very useful they should only be used as a guide. The current practice of consulting with the local Fishery Officer should be continued to ensure that expert local knowledge is taken into account.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Flood control ; Rivers ; Redds ; Spawning grounds ; Salmon fisheries ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Stocking density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 36
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8557 | 1256 | 2012-12-20 21:10:56 | 8557 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: This report summarises the findings of a series of electric-fishing surveys carried out at four sites on the River Ribble from September 1997 to September 1998. The aims of these surveys were to assess the impact on juvenile salmonids of a pollution incident involving Synthetic Pyrethrin (SP) that occurred near High Birkwith I (SD 802 767) in September 1997.One of these sites was 2.65km upstream of the pollution whilst the remaining three were at varying distances downstream. Data was collected during surveys of the River Ribble in 1992, 97 and 98. The 1997 and 1998 surveys were carried out specifically to monitor for any possible effects of the SP discharge.Data are shown as grades derived from the National Fisheries Classification scheme (NFC). Results are given for the four salmonid life stages; 0+ trout, 〉0+ trout, 0+ salmon, 〉0+ salmon and also Total Salmonids.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: First year report
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; River Fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Biological surveys ; Electric fishing ; Population density ; Juveniles ; Pollution effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 38
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  • 37
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11048 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:20:33 | 11048 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two men working in a weir and fish pass at Whitendale, North West England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; River works ; Weirs ; Fish passes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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  • 38
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11053 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:21:20 | 11053 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two workers drilling on Hindburn Force, North West England, UK, making it more accesible for passing fish. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; River works ; Fish passes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 39
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11045 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:17:55 | 11045 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Five men electrofishing in Gleaston Beck, Cumbria, UK. This photo is part of a photo album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fisheries ; Electrofishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 40
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11047 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:20:19 | 11047 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: A worker drilling in Colton Beck,, North West England, UK, trying to make it more accessible for fish passing in 1953. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; River works
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 41
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11049 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:20:48 | 11049 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Three men planting out Sea trout ova in a beck in North West England, UK, in 1952. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; Migratory species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 42
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11052 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:21:12 | 11052 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two fishermen and a boy transfering pike with a cylindrical keep net to Lancaster Canal, North West England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancaster Canal ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 43
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11058 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:21:58 | 11058 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Houses close to River Lune at Lancaster, North West England, UK. This photo shows the polluted River Lune in July 1949. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Estuaries ; Freswater pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 44
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11061 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:22:16 | 11061 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: A man on a white motor boat called "Constance" in North West England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Fisheries ; Estuaries ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 45
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11066 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:22:45 | 11066 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two men in a small motor boat. The photo is called "Helm and Beaver" which is probably a location in the North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Fisheries ; Estuaries ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 46
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11067 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:22:53 | 11067 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: An unidentified man inside the water in an estuary with a motor boat called "Ribble" in a location in the North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Fisheries ; Estuaries ; Marine
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    Unknown
    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11080 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:24:25 | 11080 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Churchtown Weir in the River Wyre, North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lancashire ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Freswater fish ; Fish passes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: image
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11070 | 1256 | 2013-03-30 13:23:28 | 11070 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Two fishermen transfering pike using metal containers to the Lancaster Canal, North West of England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: Image taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Lancaster Canal ; Inland waters ; Rivers ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 49
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10912 | 1256 | 2013-03-22 14:07:34 | 10912 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This is the Cheshire stillwaters. Summary results of September 1998 from the Environment Agency, 1998. In May 1997, a Stillwaters meeting was held to discuss the way forward in stillwaters monitoring. It decided upon the establishment of a three year rolling programme, in which three stillwaters would be monitored three times a year, every third year. Oak Mere, Tatton Park Mere and Hatch Mere were surveyed between the 29th - 30th September as part of the three year rolling programme. Betley Mere, Petty Pool, Scotman's Flash and Pearson's Flash were also surveyed. Surveys also included algal and zooplankton samples, which are to be analysed by APEM and presented in the end of year report. The section on results contains information about water column profile; and nutrients (chlorophyll a; Phaeophytin; Nitrate and Nitrite; Ammonia; ortho-Phosphate; Silicate; and total Phosphorus).
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cheshire ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental monitoring ; Survey ; Eutrophication ; Inland waters ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10916 | 1256 | 2013-03-22 14:04:01 | 10916 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This is the Stillwaters monitoring programme. Summary results 2003 and 2004 from the Environment Agency North West. This report is focuses in The Winter Monitoring of Stillwaters Programme, which began in January 2001 with the aim of gathering long term data on nutrient abundance over winter months. This allows assessment of nutrient ‘carry-over’ available for algal growth in the following year, plus year-on-year productivity. 14 stillwaters are monitored each year. The environmental issues associated with each Stillwater are summarised in the table below. Bank-side water samples are taken for nutrients (N, P and S) and chlorophyll. A YSI multi-parameter sonde measures temperature, pH, specific conductivity and dissolved oxygen (% saturation). Survey results shown in this report came from: Oak Mere and Bar mere.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cheshire ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental monitoring ; Survey ; Water Quality ; Eutrophication ; Inland waters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/7788 | 1256 | 2012-02-11 13:46:49 | 7788 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The River Lune was at one time one of the best salmon fisheries in England and Wales with very high catches to both rods and netsmen. During the 1960's, the stock was decimated by the disease Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis which caused a dramatic reduction in catches. Catches have not recovered to pre-disease levels. The target egg deposition rate for the River Lune system which should produce the maximum number of surplus fish returning to the system has been determined at 13.8 million eggs. This will require 4,779 adult salmon to survive to successfully spawn. Under current rates of exploitation, the target egg deposition will occur at a declared rod catch of 1,974 salmon and a net catch of 2,627 salmon. Two automatic fish counters are in operation on the river system. Data from these suggest that, within the measures of compliance, the river has met it's target egg deposition for the last 3 years.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lune Catchment ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Eggs ; Fecundity ; Distribution ; Population dynamics ; Fishery management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/7990 | 1256 | 2012-02-16 12:37:21 | 7990 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This consultation document sets out the proposed future licensing strategy for the Lune Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy (CAMS) area. Following the three month consultation period, the Environment Agency will determine the final licensing strategy and publish it in the CAMS document. The strategy will provide an indication of whether new abstraction licences are likely to be available and the conditions that should be expected on licences. Water plays a vital role in the Lune catchment, providing water for public supply, supporting recreation, such as angling and canoeing, and providing sustainable flows to preserve numerous designated sites. There is minimal abstraction throughout much of the catchment, apart from the lower reaches of the River Lune. The document is split into five sections relating to the CAMS process. Sections 1 to 4 outline the CAMS process, and Section 5 outlines the proposed licensing strategy for the Lune CAMS areas. It is important to note that this strategy deals with groundwater and surface water abstractions separately; Sections 4 and 5 are split to differentiate between the surface water and groundwater results and strategy.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Limnology ; Management ; Policies ; England ; Lune Catchment ; Water management ; Catchment area ; Water policy ; Water resources ; Licensing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 53
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    Environment Agency North West | South Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8037 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 13:35:02 | 8037 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The River Tawd is a tributary of the River Douglas catchment. The Tawd is approximately 8km in length from its source, to the south of Skelmersdale, to its confluence with the River Douglas at Snipe Hall farm. The aim of this study was to determine whether the water quality of the River Tawd had improved sufficiently to allow a mixed coarse fish population to establish itself on the river after the stocking of juvenile Roach (Rutilus rutilus), Dace (Leucisus leucisus) and Chub (Leucisus cephalus) in 1997. This report will consider the survival of the stocked fish. If the stocking was successful, other potential stocking sites will be recommended for future stocking with a view to developing the River Tawd fishery.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Rutilus rutilus ; Leucisus leucisus ; Leucisus cephalus ; Survival ; Stock assessment ; Fishery surveys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West | South Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8039 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 22:00:44 | 8039 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: In February 1996 A Strategy for the Management of Salmon in England and Wales was launched by the National Rivers Authority. The strategy concentrates on four main objectives for the management of salmon fisheries in England and Wales: (i) Optimise the number of salmon returning to home water fisheries, (ii) Maintain and improve the fitness and diversity of salmon stocks, (iii) Optimise the total economic value of surplus stocks, (iv) Ensure necessary costs are met by beneficiaries. These four objectives will be addressed through local Salmon Action Plans (SAPs) which will be produced for each of the principle salmon rivers in England and Wales by the year 2001. This Salmon Action Plan for the River Ribble reviews the status of the stock and the fisheries, seeks to identify the main factors limiting performance, to draw up and cost a list of options to address these, and to consult with local interest groups.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Population dynamics ; Fishery management ; Stock assessment ; Fish eggs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8040 | 1256 | 2012-02-21 15:39:40 | 8040 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The River Darwen is a highly impacted Lancashire river with very little known about its fishery interest above the impassable weir at Salmesbury Bottoms. Below the weir there are populations of coarse fish around the confluence with the River Ribble. To the knowledge of local bailiff staff, prior to 1996 the fish population in the middle and upper River Darwen had never been surveyed by electric fishing. In order to address this lack of knowledge, a survey was undertaken during the summer of 1996 with the aim of evaluating the salmonid and cyprinid fish population in the river. Twenty two sites were surveyed by electric fishing between June 11th and July 11th 1996. Information was gathered on the presence and density of fish populations in the river catchment, and analysed according to the National Fisheries Classification Scheme in order to determine how these populations compare nationally with sites of similar habitat features. From this report, recommendations were made to improve and develop the fishery potential in relation to water quality and habitat prioritising areas classed as being Ashless. It was recommended that juvenile coarse fish should be stocked in the Houghton Bottoms area. This area has excellent fishery habitat and was found to contain a minor coarse fish population. Water quality in this stretch of river was thought to be good enough to establish a major coarse fish population. Fish were introduced for the first time in 1998 at Houghton Bottoms from the Agency's Leyland Fish Farm. 3000 each of Roach, Chub and Dace were introduced. Further fish introductions occurred in 2000 with the stocking of 1000 Chub, again from the Agency's Leyland Fish Farm in the Lower Darwen and Witton areas of the main river on a trial basis.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Distribution ; Electric fishing ; Population dynamics ; Coarse fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8049 | 1256 | 2012-03-07 14:49:44 | 8049 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: This report seeks to briefly provide geomorphological guidance over the introduction of 'habitat enhancement' features for fisheries improvement which is an expanding area of interest throughout the region. This document isa primary attempt to draw together the salient details from the large quantity of literature published in recent years with reference to boulder introduction and to groyne/deflector placement in NW rivers. Secondly the potential introduction of such features is assessed, with reference to the proposed works at Carhead on the Eden.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; River fisheries ; Boulders ; River engineering ; Stream flow ; River beds ; Geomorphology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8050 | 1256 | 2012-02-24 12:45:14 | 8050 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Yorkshire Water Services (YWS) are currently granted a Time Limited Licence (TLL) for abstraction at Kilgram Bridge which is due for renewal in 1999. The Environment. Agency requires information on fish populations with regards to drought conditions and any possible effects that abstraction may have when considering licence renewal. In' order to evaluate any effects of drought and abstraction a three year study was instigated to examine fish populations. Surveys were conducted at nine main River Ure sites and two tributaries in which the triennial rolling programme formed the basis of site selection. Multi-method sampling techniques were carried out at several sites in order to evaluate capture efficiency. High densities of brown trout juveniles were observed in the tributaries with an indication that fish had become crowded as a result of low flows. Recruitment of brown trout in the tributaries was not directly related to flow levels in the main R. Ure. However, it is concluded that salmonids are at risk during drought flows and high temperatures from increased susceptibility to disease, predation, poor water quality and the direct lethal effect of high temperatures in shallow water.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ouse Catchment ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Stocking density ; Distribution ; Droughts ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8080 | 1256 | 2012-02-29 14:17:01 | 8080 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Swanside Beck is formed from a number of minor tributaries which rise in the Middop area to the west of Barnoldswick. The Beck is approximately 10 km long from the source of its longest tributary (SD. 850445) to the confluence with the River Ribble (SD. 769455). Swanside Beck has one major tributary, Ings Beck, which rises from a number of sources on Twiston Moor and is approximately 6km in length from the source of its longest tributary (SD. 812418) to the confluence with Swanside Beck (SD. 785453). Both Swanside and Ings Becks are important spawning and nursery areas for salmon and sea trout from the River Ribble. In recent years a perceived decline in the migratory fish population of the becks has been reported. This decline has been reported in terms of both adult returns and juvenile production and has been particularly noted in Swanside Beck. The aim of this survey was to assess the likely benefits to Fisheries and Conservation interests of the adoption of a set aside policy for agricultural land adjacent to Swanside Beck. The survey also formed part of an on-going Fisheries study of factors limiting juvenile migratory salmonid production in Swanside Beck. This section of the report deals with the Fisheries aspects of the survey.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Fishery management ; Fish surveys ; Policies ; Migrations ; Migratory species ; Nature conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8086 | 1256 | 2012-03-01 17:32:32 | 8086 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This report discusses the concepts of spawning targets. Spawning target setting is based on the fact that the number of smolts produced by any given river is constrained by habitat availability. This means smolt numbers depend on spawner numbers up to a point, but thereafter smolt production reaches a ceiling. It has been shown, in some rivers at least, that the relationship between egg deposition and smolt production may approximately be described by a mathematical equation. The equation will vary between rivers and there is uncertainty over its exact form. The concept of Maximum Gain (MG) is explained and its application in fisheries management discussed. The author also critically examines the concept of Density Independent Mortality (DIM).
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: No date on publication. Date given is estimation. Environment Agency internal report, includes "Response to Dr Milner's targets"
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Salmon fisheries ; River fisheries ; Spawning populations ; Spawning ; Fishery management ; Smolts ; Stock assessment ; Stocks
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8091 | 1256 | 2012-03-02 13:26:26 | 8091 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This fisheries report summarises national and regional developments focussing on the North West region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. This report provides national and regional developments,and special projects, including fish stocking assessments, radiotracking, and Cumbria surveys. Salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches appear in the appendix.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Fish eggs ; Angling ; Logbooks ; Stock assessment ; Tagging ; Licensing ; Fish counters ; Fisheries management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8094 | 1256 | 2012-03-02 13:31:00 | 8094 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This fisheries report summarises developments of the year 2002 in the North West Region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. Reports include migratory fish movements, rod catches, anti poaching, radiotracking,habitat surveys, and restocking. Statistics include rod catches, mortalities, fishery prosecutions, licencing, fish counters, and redd counts.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Angling ; Stock assessment ; Tagging ; Tracking ; Licensing ; Fish counters ; Redds ; Salmonid fisheries ; Migratory species ; Fishery policy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8093 | 1256 | 2012-03-02 13:29:24 | 8093 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This fisheries report summarises developments of the year 2000 in the North West Region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. The report provides statistics on fisheries finance, including salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches, and special projects, including fish stock assessments, radiotracking, and various surveys. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 2000.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Fish eggs ; Angling ; Logbooks ; Stock assessment ; Tagging ; Tracking ; Licensing ; Fish counters ; Fisheries management ; Fishery regulations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West | South Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8502 | 1256 | 2012-12-22 13:36:31 | 8502 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: In 1996 a Strategy for the Management of Salmon in England and Wales was launched by the National Rivers Authority setting out objectives for the management of Salmon fisheries. These objectives are to be met through local Salmon Action Plans which are to be produced for each of the 68 principal salmon rivers in England and Wales by December 2003.A consultation document was produced for the river Wyre and released publicly during October 2003. This document:• Determined an egg deposition figure of 1.27 million eggs which would allow maximum gain from the fisheries• Raised a number of issues which are though to limit existing salmon production.• Identified actions which may be undertaken by the Environment Agency and other bodies to improved stocks.The document looks at the issues in the consultation document and also highlights some important changes to historic egg deposition rates following furtheranalysis of the data.Some of the major issues addressed in the plan are:• Severe low flows on specific tributaries• Reduced juvenile production caused by insufficient habitat.• Changes in flow regime resulting in the wash out of gravels and redds.• The impact of man made structures preventing access to suitable spawning areas, and preventing the downstream distribution of spawning gravels.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Wyre Catchment ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Salmo salar ; Stock assessment ; Juveniles ; Fish catch statistics ; Fish eggs ; Habitat improvement
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8542 | 1256 | 2012-12-22 13:34:16 | 8542 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The microtagging programme began in 1987 using hatchery reared salmon originating from the rivers Caldew and Hodder and subsequently included the Lune (1988) and Ribble (1989). Microtagging of sea trout began in 1991 for the Lune and in 1993 for the Hodder.The report explores the NRA North west salmonid microtagging programme looking at methods, results and recommendations. The report provides salmon microtagging data and returns from 1987 to 1994.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Rivers ; River Fisheries ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Tagging ; Tracking ; Migrations ; Stock assessment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8540 | 1256 | 2012-12-22 13:31:43 | 8540 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: This report looks at the validation of the performance of the Logie 2100A fish counter which was carried out at Forge Weir (River Lune) and Gunnislake Fish Pass (River Tamar), using a video recording system.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Limnology ; Management ; England ; Rivers ; River Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Migratory species ; Salmon fisheries ; Fish counters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8511 | 1256 | 2013-01-03 23:39:33 | 8511 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The purpose of this report is to record key events and achievements of the NRA Central Area Fisheries Function in 1996. Rivers are Ribble, Hodder and Lune. The report looks at Hydrological and meteorological data, site visits made during the year, promotional events that it was involved with; communications and reports, Capital works and purchases, Stock assessment, monitoring and specific investigations, Fisheries Management advice, Fish kills and rescues, Fish rearing and stocking. It also includes catch data for net and rod catches for Salmon and Sea trout; the results of the objectives made last year and key objectives for next year.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Coarse fish ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Stream flow ; Catch statistics ; Stock assessment ; Fish counters ; licensing ; Fisheries management ; Environmental Monitoring ; Habitat improvement
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8001 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 13:35:54 | 8001 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The placement of artificial in-channel structures (including large cobbles / boulders) into any fluvial system needs to be considered carefully. This brief report summarises considerations for boulder introductions into the River Ribble from a geomorphological perspective. This includes boulder placement and shape. Bagnold's Excess Stream Power Method is used to calculate the boulder sizing.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Limnology ; Ribble Catchment ; River fisheries ; Boulders ; River engineering ; Stream flow
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Environment Agency North West | South Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8038 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 13:33:15 | 8038 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: In February 1996 A Strategy for the Management of Salmon in England and Wales was launched by the National Rivers Authority. The strategy concentrates on four main objectives for the management of salmon fisheries in England and Wales: (i) Optimise the number of salmon returning to home water fisheries, (ii) Maintain and improve the fitness and diversity of salmon stocks, (iii) Optimise the total economic value of surplus stocks, (iv) Ensure necessary costs are met by beneficiaries. These four objectives will be addressed through local Salmon Action Plans (SAPs) which will be produced for each of the principle salmon rivers in England and Wales by the year 2001.A consultation report was produced for the River Ribble and released publicly in October 1999. This document determined an egg deposition figure of 8.5 million eggs for the Ribble, that would allow maximum gain from the net and rod fisheries; raised a number of issues which are thought to currently limit salmon production; identified actions which may be undertaken by the Environment Agency and other bodies to improve stocks. This action plan re-addresses the issues raised in the consultation document, taking into account the comments received, and also identifies areas of possible improvement in data gathering that would allow more accurate estimation of the spawning target and compliance in future years. The progress of this plan will be monitored and reported annually.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Population dynamics ; Fishery management ; Stock assessment ; Fish eggs
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  • 69
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8052 | 1256 | 2012-02-24 12:44:46 | 8052 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The basis for undertaking this study was to examine factors and potential impacts affecting fish and fishing in relation to low flow drought conditions and what other impacts may arise as a result of further reduced flows resulting from abstraction. The study formed the basis of a three year project to concentrate on effects relating to potable water abstractions at Moor Monkton by YWS. To fully evaluate the possible effects on fisheries the study set out to encompass fish population surveys from fry to adult stock, analysis of angler catch data, reports from anglers and river reports from Environment Agency Fisheries staff. In order to evaluate any effects of drought and abstraction a three year study was instigated to examine fish populations. Fish population surveys were conducted at six sites in which the triennial rolling programme formed the basis of site selection. Multi-method sampling techniques were carried out at several sites in order to evaluate capture efficiency. Roach were prolific above the weir at Linton-on-Ouse, with gudgeon, perch and small bream also well represented. Roach dominated catches on the R.Ouse below Linton, with perch and bleak also relatively abundant. Low flows were not thought to be directly correlated to successful recruitment of coarse fish, rather the associated high temperatures during drought conditions showing a strong positive effect with most species exhibiting growth rates above their long-term average. At this stage in the study there are no clear indications that the drought has caused any deleterious effects to coarse fish populations or marked changes in species composition, with evidence of good recruitment by several species, indicating that the higher temperatures have generally been beneficial to recruitment. However, the indication that dace did not benefit as well as other coarse fish under these conditions may suggest some species are affected more than others. The successful strong recruitment of most coarse fish suggests that, in future, fisheries will be supported by the 1995 year-class.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ouse Catchment ; Coarse fish ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Stocking density ; Distribution ; Droughts ; Water quality
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  • 70
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    Environment Agency North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8062 | 1256 | 2012-02-24 12:29:07 | 8062 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The River Lune rises in the hills around Tebay in thje North of England and runs through rural farming country to Morecambe bay. It is generally considered as a river of high purity and unspoiled nature. The salmon fishery was at one time considered amongst the best in England and Wales, with very high catches to both rod and net fishermen. During the late 1960's the disease UDN decimated the stock. Since then there has been a recovery of the stock, but this is considered by most anglers and netsmen to be a partial recovery of some of the previous stock components. In recent years anglers and netsmen have voiced their concerns over the Lune stock and have lobbied for action to improve the Lune fishery. This net limitation order (NLO) and the separate byelaw in conjunction with habitat improvement are proposed as part of the strategy for future conservation and management of this salmon fishery. The fishery is currently exploited by 37 licensed netsmen, the highest number of any single estuary in England and Wales. There are 26 haaf, 10 drift and 1 seine nets available. Current estimates of the rod fishery are that 1100 to 1400 anglers fish 14 000 days per year. The River Luhe is one of the few rivers within England and Wales that has the benefit of an accurate fish counter. The counter is at Forge Weir approximately 4 km upstream of the tidal limit. The counts, together with records of the catches from the rod and net fishery, enable a reasonably accurate assessment of both rod and net exploitation. Extensive surveys of the juvenile population, carried out in 1991 and 1997, provide additional information. The purpose of this document is to describe and explain the current state of the salmon population in the River Lune and in doing so, demonstrate the current need for stock conservation. A second purpose is to demonstrate that the proposed NLO and byelaw package should allow the salmon population to reach its conservation target (spawning escapement target).
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lune catchment ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Net fishing ; Stock assessment ; Juveniles ; Fishery regulations
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  • 71
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8092 | 1256 | 2012-03-02 13:28:09 | 8092 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This fisheries report summarises national and regional developments focussing on the North West region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. The report provides statistics on fisheries finance, including salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches, and special projects, including fish stock assessments, radiotracking, and various surveys. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 1999.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Fish eggs ; Angling ; Logbooks ; Stock assessment ; Tagging ; Tracking ; Licensing ; Fish counters ; Fisheries management
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  • 72
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8090 | 1256 | 2012-03-02 13:17:19 | 8090 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This fisheries report summarises national and regional developments focussing on the North West region of the Environment Agency. The North West region covers around 14,000 square km, from Cheshire in the south to its northern border with Scotland. The report provides statistics on fisheries finance, including income and expenditure, salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line and net catches, and special projects, including fish stock assessments, and surveys. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 1995.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Fish eggs ; Angling ; Logbooks ; Stock assessment ; Tagging ; Licensing ; Fish counters ; Fisheries management
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  • 73
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    Environment Agency North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8085 | 1256 | 2012-03-01 17:33:33 | 8085 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Although geographically the River Wyre lies between two rivers containing major migrations of adult salmon and sea trout, its rod & line fisheries have for a number of years produced exceptionally low catches. In order to determine the causes of this the Wyre Salmon and Sea trout Restoration Group (WSSRG) was conceived in 1994 as a partnership between the then National Rivers Authority (now Environment Agency), local landowners, angling clubs and interested parties. Two studies of 1994 and 1995 stated that there is a shortage of useable spawning gravels on the river. This is compounded by Abbeystead Reservoir acting as a gravel trap, the siltation of gravels on several side becks and problems with access to available gravels by returning adults. There was also perceived to be a need for accurate fishery data from the river encompassing redd counts, catch data and surveys of fry populations. The 1995 report suggested a number of management proposals which might be adopted in order to improve and create available spawning habitat for migratory salmonids. Funding was made available to create three spawning gravels on each of two side becks (Grizedale Beck and Joshua's Beck) and the addition of gravels to a site oh the main river below Abbeystead Reservoir. Modifications were also made to the fish pass at Abbeystead to allow easier passage of fish. These improvements were made in the autumn of 1995. Salmonid spawning redd counting was undertaken on the whole Wyre catchment in 1995/1996 and specific surveys by electric fishing on the gravel enhancement sites in the summer of 1996. This report details the current state of the improvement works that were undertaken and presents the results of electric fishing surveys in September 1996. A number of lessons have been learnt which will be of great benefit to the Fisheries Function in other parts of the Wyre catchment and the Central Area in general.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Wyre Catchment ; River fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Migratory species ; Fishery management ; Fishways ; Electric fishing ; Fish surveys ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Gravel
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  • 74
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8087 | 1256 | 2012-03-01 17:31:45 | 8087 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This paper deals with the development and use of biological reference points for salmon conservation on the River Lune, England. The Lune supports recreational and net fisheries with annual catches in the region of 1,000 and 1356 salmon respectively. Using models transported from other river systems, biological reference points exclusive to the Lune were developed; specifically the number of eggs deposited and carrying capacity estimates for age 0+ and 1+ parr. The conservation limit was estimated at 11.9 million eggs and between 1989 and 1998 was exceeded in two years. Comparison of juvenile salmon densities in 1991 and 1997 with estimates of carrying capacity indicated that 0+ and 1+ parr densities were at around 60 % of carrying capacity and may relate to the number of eggs deposited in 1990 and 1996 being approximately 70% of the target value. The paper discusses the management actions taken in order to ensure that the management target of the conservation limit being met four years out of five is delivered. It also discusses the balance between conservation and exploitation and the socio-economic decisions made in order to ensure parity of impacts on the rod and net fisheries. The regulations have been enforced since 1999 and the paper concludes with an assessment of the actions taken to deliver the management targets, over the last five years.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: No date on publication. Date given is estimated guess.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lune Catchment ; Nature conservation ; Salmo salar ; Sport fishing ; Juveniles ; Population density ; Fishery management
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    Environment Agency North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8089 | 1256 | 2012-03-02 13:22:50 | 8089 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This report provides national and regional developments, statistics on fisheries finance, including income and expenditure, salmon and sea trout catches, including rod and line, commercial catches, and angler log book returns, monitoring and special projects, including salmon microtagging, salmon egg survival in Swanside Beck, and fish stock assessments, one with hydroacoustics, and one of surveys of different areas in Cumbria. The appendix includes a summary of fish statistics for 1994.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Fish eggs ; Angling ; Logbooks ; Stock assessment ; Tagging ; Licensing ; Fish counters
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  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 77
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fully mature adult Eisenia foetida sensory buds are abundant on the prostomium and the first segment. In subsequent segments they are restricted to the anterior half where they form a single row aligned with the setae and encircling the worm. In the more posterior regions of the worm the buds are widely separated and fewer. The surface of each bud is a raised circular or oval area from which 15 to 100 so-called sensory hairs arise, being cylindrical and apparently flexible. The number of these projections decreases toward the posterior end of the worm.In worms newly emerged from egg cocoons, the general pattern of distribution and external form of sensory buds resembles that of adults, but the buds are much fewer and smaller than in adults. Although these worms emerge with their definitive adult number of segments, new buds and additional sensory projections are formed during post hatching development.
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  • 78
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    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 67-79 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution and morphology of phagocytic (Type II) supraependymal cells residing within the third ventricle of the guinea pig were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Type II supraependymal cells were restricted to nonciliated regions of the ventricle. They were most numerous on the choroid plexus, abundant within the infundibular recess and were present on the ventricular floor in the region of the median eminence. Morphologically, they were characterized by a soma from which pseudopodia-like processes extended to the subjacent ependyma. Type II cells varied in configuration according to their location. Those residing on the choroid plexus typically had irregular somas and possessed processes that generally terminated in finger-like extensions. In contrast, cells on the ventricular floor and within the infundibular recess were stellate and possessed processes that terminated in fan-like cytoplasmic expansions. There were no differences noted in the frequency, distribution or morphology of Type II supraependymal cells in male and female animals. Furthermore, cell frequency did not appear to vary in relation to the estrous cycle. The data suggest that the pleomorphism exhibited by Type II supraependymal cells may reflect adaptations to diverse environmental conditions present within different regions of the third ventricle.
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  • 79
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Study of the fine structure of the macronucleus in Euplotes eurystomus, a ciliate protozoon, during various stages of the cell division cycle has yielded new information about intranuclear helices. They are frequently observed at the periphery of chromatin bodies or next to the nuclear envelope, and they appear to be a constituent of nucleoli. The fibril that forms a helix is about 11-15 nm thick, and torus profiles of helices cut in cross section are about 35 nm in diameter. In substructure the helix is composed of a thin strand 3-5 nm thick which is coiled to form the 11-15 nm fibril; so the helix is a super-coiled structure. The intranuclear helices are present in the macronucleus throughout the cell cycle. They do not show obvious changes of relative abundance nor changes of relative localization in the nucleus, with one exception: they were never observed in the diffuse zone of replication bands. Evidence is presented indicating that nuclear helices migrate to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. Although the chemical composition of the Euplotes intranuclear helices is unknown, information in the literature on similar helices in Amoeba indicates that they contain RNA and not DNA. The observations on Euplotes helices are consistent with a concept of “packaged” RNA for transport to the cytoplasm.
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  • 80
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 131-143 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Eggs of the turtle Trionyx spiniferus are rigid, calcareous spheres averaging 2.5 cm in diameter. The eggshell is morphologically very similar to avian eggshells. The outer crystalline layer is composed of roughly columnar aggregates, or shell units, of calcium carbonate in the aragonite form. Each shell unit tapers to a somewhat conical tip at its base. Interior to the crystalline layer are two tertiary egg membranes: the outer shell membrane and the inner shell membrane. The outer shell membrane is firmly attached to the inner surface of the shell, and the two membranes are in contact except at the air cell, where the inner shell membrane separates from the outer shell membrane. Both membranes are multi-layered, with the inner shell membrane exhibiting a more fibrous structure than the outer shell membrane. Numerous pores are found in the eggshell, and these generally occur at the intersection of four or more shell units.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The afferent and efferent components of the facial nerve were traced within the brain stem of Rana catesbeiana, using three different neuroanatomical techniques. Primary afferent fibers could be traced to the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve and to fasciculus solitarius as far caudally as the first or second spinal segment, using silver degeneration methods. Cobalt filling of the entire nerve showed the same distribution of afferent fibers, as well as the filling of the cells within the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal, indicating the origin of a proprioceptive component of the facial nerve. Cobalt iontophoresis and horseradish peroxidase experiments showed that the motor nucleus of the facial nerve was located just ventral to the fourth ventricle, and caudal to the motor nucleus of trigeminal. The distribution of afferent fibers to fasciculus solitarius and the spinal tract of trigeminal is similar in some respects to the distribution of afferent fibers from the trigeminal and vagal nerves in the bullfrog. The afferent fibers from the three cranial nerves are found as far caudally in the brain stem as the second spinal segment.
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  • 82
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 331-341 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of tooth crowns is variable inter-specifically among caecilians. Cusp number and shape, crown dimensions, and crown curvature characterize various species and have both functional and phylogenetic implications. Ichthyophis, Uraeotyphlus, Hypogeophis, and Geotrypetes have bicuspid teeth; Dermophis, Gymnopis, Caecilia, and Typhlonectes monocuspid. Crown morphology as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is associated with prey grasping and, in one case, possible specialization of prey type.
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 160 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 84
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 160 (1979), S. 7-15 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of contact chemoreceptors in the cibariopharyngeal pump of the moth Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is described. Two types of receptors designated A and B are located on the floor of the pump. Two groups of 9-12 A receptors are located in the anterior part of the pump, and two groups of two B receptors are in the posterior part of the pump. Five sensory dendrites extend to the tip of each A receptor and four to each B receptors. Available evidence indicates that these receptors are contact chemoreceptors and do not serve as mechanoreceptors. The receptors are compared to those of other insects.
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  • 85
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 160 (1979), S. 103-119 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Classical light microscopic studies on pigmentation of Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) indicated that there are three groups of light reflecting cells; one group on the surface of scales reflects white light, while two other deeper groups (the melaniridophores and the stratum argenteum) are iridescent. The results presented here show that: (1) The scale leucophores reflect white light by a Tyndall light-scattering mechanism, by virtue of the presence of randomly oriented organelles of “novel” morphology. (2) The iridophores of the melaniridophores contain stacks of irregularly-spaced, large reflecting platelets which function as an imperfect multiple thin layer interference system. (3) The stratum argenteum consists of a continuous layer(s) of iridophores with reflecting platelets which are so regularly packed as to approach an ideal multiple thin layer interference system. (4) In all three types of light reflecting cells, the dimensions and packing (orientation) of the reflecting organelles satisfactorily account for the chromogenic properties of the cells, including colors as viewed under transmitted, reflected, or polarized light. (5) The spacial relationships between these light reflecting cells and adjoining melanophores are different for each type of light reflecting cell. Furthermore, we propose to replace the term reflecting platelet with refractosome.
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  • 86
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 160 (1979), S. 143-163 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The chloride cells in the interlamellar areas of the gills of young adult, anadromous sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L., captured in fresh water undergo structural modification during the adaptation of these animals to sea water. In fresh water the chloride cells are partially overlapped by mucus-secreting superficial cells and contain an extensive reticulum of cytoplasmic tubules, which are confluent with both lateral and basal plasma membranes, numerous mitochondria, a Golgi complex of moderate size, and numerous apical vesicles. Adaptation to sea water results in a retraction of the superficial cells, exposing the entire apical surface of the chloride cells, and a proliferation of both cytoplasmic tubules and mitochondria. Extensive enlargement of the Golgi complex in the chloride cells of these animals suggests the involvement of this organelle in the proliferation of cytoplasmic tubules. The extracellular tracer, ruthenium red, enters the tubules from the lateral or basal intercellular spaces in both freshwater- and seawater-adapted animals but never enters either tubules or vesicles from the apical surfaces, indicating that these are not confluent. The presence of dividing basal cells and newly-forming chloride cells, combined with evidence of degeneration of chloride cells, suggests that there is a turnover of this cell type. Both superficial and basal cells are phagocytic and involved in heterophagy of degenerating chloride cells. This phenomenon occurs in both fresh water and sea water indicating that the chloride cells may be functional in both environments.
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  • 87
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 160 (1979), S. 121-141 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study consists of a detailed cytoarchitectonic and Golgi analysis of a major tectofugal thalamic nucleus in the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. Neurons in nucleus rotundus have a unimodal soma size distribution and a common dendritic branching pattern. They have long dendrites which undergo sparse, dichotomous branchings and contribute to dendritic fields that cover a third to half the dimensions of the nucleus. Spicules, 1-2 μ long, and complex appendages, 5-20 μ long, are found with low density on many dendrites in Golgi-Kopsch material. A few cells have beaded dendritic processes. Three cytoarchitectural regions can be differentiated in nucleus rotundus: a shell, a cell-poor region and a core. The shell is a monolayer of somata forming the peripheral boundary of most of the nucleus. The cell-poor region forms a thin zone concentric with and internal to the shell. Shell cells send some of their dendrites concentrically within this zone and others radially into the core region. Core neurons are dispersed within the neuropil of the nucleus and usually have spherical dendritic fields. However, peripheral core neurons have asymmetrical fields, so their dendrites do not extend beyond the shell. Caudomedial and central subregions of the core can be defined on the basis of neuronal density and cytology. Somata in the caudomedial area of the core are densely packed and have slightly darker staining cytoplasm than those in the central subregion. However, their dendrites are similar to those of the central core neurons. There is extensive dendritic overlap between the two subregions.
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  • 88
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 161 (1979), S. 1-21 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: As a part of a continuing study of unusual molluscan tissues, the “chondroid” tissue (Hyman, '67) associated with the anterior and posterior aortae of the slug (Limax maximus) was examined by light and electron microscopy. Unlike the odontophoral tissue of this species (Curtis and Cowden, '77), the “chondroid” tissue comprising the adventitial layer of the aorta consists of large, glycogen-filled cells with characteristic arrays of pores in their plasma membranes resembling those of the “globular” cells (Rogers, '69; Fernandez, '71); “fibrocytes” (Nicaise et al., '66; Baleydier et al., '69; Nicaise, '73); “Blasenzellen” or “Leydig” cells (Wondrak, '69; Stang-Voss, '70; Buchholz et al., '71; Stang-Voss and Staubesand, '71; Wolburg-Buchholz, '72); or “pore” cells (Sminia, '72; Beltz, '77) of other mollusks. The anterior and posterior aortae are very similar in organization, except that the anterior aorta is larger in diameter; its wall is thinner; and it lacks calcification. Both the anterior and posterior aortae possess a loosely organized (incomplete) endothelial layer surrounded by two layers of innervated smooth muscle. The smooth muscle cells possess fibrous surface specializations resembling hemidesmosomes as well as large numbers of tubular or rounded vesicles in association with their plasma membranes. Blood cells (amoebocytes) containing large glycogen deposits and distinctive membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic inclusions can be found occasionally in the walls of the vessels.
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  • 89
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 161 (1979), S. 111-121 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Reticulate scales develop as radial symmetrical anlagen, in contrast to scuttate scales which appear initially as “epidermal placodes.” Unlike scuttate scales whose outer and inner epidermal surfaces elaborate β-and α-type keratins, respectively, reticulate scales elaborate only one type of epidermal surface which has been reported to give an α-type, X-ray diffraction pattern. We find that, histologically and ultrastructurally, this surface differs from either epidermal surface of scuttate scales. The keratinizing cells become filled with long interweaving bundles of α-filaments which aggregate into rather homogeneous α-fibrils. Keratohyalin granules, which have been shown to be associated with other keratinizing regions in the bird, do not form during the keratinization of reticulate scale epidermis.
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  • 90
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 161 (1979), S. 145-155 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands of adult Japanese lizards (Takydromus tachydromoides) in the spring and summer season was examined. The parenchyma of the gland consists of chief cells arranged in cords or solid masses. Many chief cells contain numerous free ribosomes and mitochondria, well-developed Golgi complexes, a few lysosome-like bodies, some multivesicular bodies and relatively numerous lipid droplets. The endoplasmic reticulum is mainly smooth-surfaced. Cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are distributed randomly in the cytoplasm. Small coated vesicles of 700-800 Å in diameter are found occasionally in the cytoplasm, especially in the Golgi region. The chief cells contain occasional secretory granules of 150-300 nm in diameter that are distributed randomly in the cytoplasm and lie close to the plasma membrane. Electron dense material similar to the contents of the secretory granules is observed in the enlarged intercellular space. These findings suggest that the secretory granules may be discharged into the intercellular space by an eruptocrine type of secretion. Coated vesicles (invaginations) connected to the plasma membrane and smooth vesicles arranged in a row near the plasma membrane are observed. It is suggested that such coated vesicles may take up extracellular proteins. The accumulation of microfilaments is sometimes recognized. Morphological evidence of synthetic and secretory activities in the chief cells suggests active parathyroid function in the Japanese lizard during the spring and summer season.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The combined techniques of light microscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy were used for the first time to study the structure of unicameral lungs of a Tegu lizard (Tupinambis nigropunctatus). The lungs are prolate spheroid bags with blood supplied by superficial branches of a dorsal pulmonary artery and returned by diffuse, more deeply located veins. The primary bronchus enters the medial aspect near the apex of the lung. The lung wall is composed of trabeculae: (1) arranged in a faviform pattern, (2) forming individual faveoli (gas exchange chambers) which appear deepest in the cranial one-half of the lung, (3) all of which have a smooth muscle core overlain by either a ciliated or nonciliated epithelium. A ciliated epithelium lines the luminal surfaces of the large primary trabeculae and parts of smaller secondary trabeculae; it is composed of cone-shaped cells with ciliated-microvillous surfaces, and of columnar serous secreting cells. Nonciliated epithelium covers the luminal surface of portions of some secondary trabeculae, abluminal surfaces of primary and secondary trabeculae and all surfaces of the small tertiary trabeculae forming the faveoli. The nonciliated epithelium overlies an extensive superficial capillary network. The blood-gas barrier (0.7-1.0 μm thick) is composed of a thin cytoplasmic flange of Type I pneumonocytes, a thick homogeneous basal lamina and an attenuated endothelial cytoplasm. Numerous surfactant-producing Type II pneumonocytes are closely associated with the Type I pneumonocytes. The nonrespiratory ciliated epithelium may function in humidification of air and clearing of the lungs.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 162 (1979), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pineal complexes of the two closely related deep-sea fishes Cyclothone signata and C. acclinidens were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. Photoreceptor and supportive cells were identified in both species. The deeper-dwelling species, C. acclinidens, had a significantly greater number of photoreceptor-cell outer segment saccules and a higher ratio of receptor cells to nerve fibers in the pineal stalk. It was suggested that these indicate increased photosensitivity of the pineal. Supportive cells were sometimes seen to contain arrays of undulating tubules. The functional significance of these tubules is not understood. A prominent dorsal sac is closely associated with the pineal end-vesicle. Both structures appear to have a common vascular supply suggesting that they are functionally related. Dorsal sac cells contained abundant mitochondria, glycogen, and large filament-like inclusions.
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 162 (1979), S. 77-91 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Diploid tadpoles of the discoglossid frog, Bombina orientalis, possess a distinctive rectangular network of epidermal melanophores. The ontogeny of this network was examined and utilized as a model for the comparison of tissue integrity and cellular interactions in diploid and haploid embryos.During the process of network formation in diploids, a variety of melano-phore-melanophore interactions was observed. These included temporary contacts between neighboring melanophore processes, deviations of processes toward neighboring melanophores, and lateral extensions between closely situated, parallel processes originating from different cell bodies. None of these intercellular interactions were seen in haploid embryos. Haploid melanophores displayed fewer cytoplasmic extensions, appeared to be randomly oriented, and failed to establish the ordered network seen in diploid embryos. It was also discovered that, in comparison with diploid tissues, relative densities of melanophores and epithelial cells were not uniformly regulated in haploid embryos.These findings are interpreted as indicating that haploid embryos possess fundamental cell and tissue defects, and that the “haploid syndrome” is likely based on more than one or a few defective physiological functions.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A β-keratin pattern, consisting of 30 Å filaments embedded in an amorphous matrix, is formed by fusion of membrane-bound packets with the 70 Å filaments of immature cells. This pattern occurs in the Oberhäutchen and the β-layer. When completely mature, these two components show no cell boundaries. It is suggested that this feature is associated with the process that leads to the separation of outer and inner epidermal generation. Filaments of 100-150 Å embedded in an amorphous matrix form the α-keratin pattern, which occurs in the α-layer only. The lacunar tissue is regarded as consisting of cells resembling immature α-cells, whereas mesos and clear layer show a keratin-like material consisting of 100-150 Å filaments without matrix. This is regarded as a modification of α-keratin. The cells of all components synthesizing α-keratin (α, mesos and clear layer) have the following features in common: (1) the plasma membrane is modified in that its inner leaflet is obscured by the deposition of a marginal layer, and (2) the cells have 0.06-0.1 μm mucous granules containing mucopolysaccharides, which release their content into the intercellular space.Protective and barrier functions of the epidermis are provided by the following features: (1) Oberhäutchen and β-layer merge during final maturation to a homogenous stratum of β-keratin without intercellular spaces. Their function seems to be mechanical protection. (2) The marginal layer of α-keratin containing cells, which decreases in thickness from without inwards, is highly resistant to physical and chemical influences. (3) Mesos granules contain phos-pholipid-lamellae, which are partly discharged into the intercellular space and partly remain within the mesos cells. These lipid lamellae are believed to contribute to the establishment of the permeability barrier. (4) The content of mucous granules may play a role in immunological processes. (5) Tight junctions seal off the intercellular space between the uppermost living cells of the epidermis and contribute to the permeability barrier.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 17-27 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Eggs of Chelydra serpentina were shifted during incubation between the female producing temperatures of 20°C or 30°C and the male producing temperature of 26°C. In the 20°C and 26°C combination, the stages during which incubation temperature determined sex were stage 14 through stage 16 (stages of normal series, Yntema, '68). In the 30°C and 26°C combination, the temperature sensitive stages for sex determination were stage 14 through stage 19. Incubation at 26°C throughout this period was needed to produce all males. Incubation at 30°C during either the first or second half of the period produced nearly all females; shorter periods of incubation at 30°C were more effective in producing females during the second half of the sensitive period. In the 20°C and 26°C combination, incubation at 20°C or 26°C for parts of the sensitive period produced both males and females. In three of the 57 clutches of eggs used in the experiments, incidence of females was atypically high.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 117-130 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this investigation was to relate the morphology of connective tissues in the mandibular symphysis to the behavioral and experimental evidence for mobility and mechanical stress at the symphysis. The anatomy of the symphysis was examined histologically in 6 mammalian orders encompassing 22 species. Behavioral and experimental evidence of stress during the power stroke of the chewing cycle correspond with stresses at the symphysis implied by the location and orientation of symphyseal connective tissues. These stresses are: (1) dorsoventral shear of the symphysis due to the transfer of force from balancing to chewing sides, (2) bending of the symphysis causing tension along the inferior and compression along superior borders due to torsion on the dentaries from the jaw closing muscles, and (3) antero-posterior shear of the symphysis due to an anteriorly directed stress on the chewing side. Interspecific comparisons suggest that leaf eaters can resist greater dorsoventral shear than fruit or insect eaters, but no correlations exist between diet and bending or antero-posterior shear. This suggests that chewing leaves requires larger biting forces.
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  • 97
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 151-183 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The unusual lymphogranulopoietic bone marrow of the large lungless salamander Plethodon glutinosus was examined by light and electron microscopy. Developing neutrophils, eosinophils, and fat cells were found in large numbers, while lymphocytes of various sizes, plasma cells, plasmablasts, macrophages, pigment cells, and fibroblasts were present in more moderate numbers. Basophils were observed only rarely. Macrophages were found in extravascular locations and did not appear to be associated directly with the walls of the blood vessels supplying the marrow. Both neutrophils and eosinophils seemed to arise from small precursor cells whose ultrastructural features bore a resemblance in some ways to those of mammalian myeloblasts described by Bainton and Farquhar ('66). Developing neutrophils and eosinophils seemed to produce only single populations of specific cytoplasmic granules, rather than both primary (azurophilic) and secondary (specific) inclusions, as are produced typically by mammalian granulocytes. Both eosinophilic and neutrophilic granules were formed in association with Golgi complexes; and eosinophilic granules were much larger, more densely stained, and more regularly rounded in shape than the inclusions of developing neutrophils. Peroxidase activity was associated with the specific granules of neutrophils but seemed to be lacking in the granules of eosinophils. The specific granules of eosinophils were especially unusual because they contained irregularly shaped, lightly stained cores which occasionally displayed a distinctly crystalline substructural organization. The specific granules of basophils also possessed a prominent crystalline organization. The overall appearance of the marrow of Plethodon suggests that it functions not only as a valuable source of neutrophils, eosinophils, and cells of the lymphoid series, but also as a part of the phagocytic system of the animals and as an important repository for fat.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The central nervous system of the sessile barnacle, Semibalanus cariosus (Pallas), has been studied with the particular aim of determining the locations of neuron somata in relation to peripheral nerves. This was accomplished by tracing peripheral nerves using dissection and methylene blue staining techniques, histological methods, and by permitting cobaltous chloride to diffuse via axons into ganglia (“backfilling”).The neuron maps resulting from the study reveal some well-defined sub-systems, a considerable degree of functional clumping of neuron somata, and some unexpected projections of neurons in the CNS. Neurophysiological studies based on these findings are in progress.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 343-353 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of germanium on the secretion of siliceous spicules by the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris was investigated by exposing germinating and hatching gemmules to varying concentrations of germanium (Ge) in the presence of silicon (Si). Results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and demonstrate that a [Ge]/[Si] (= molar ratio) of 1.0 completely inhibits silicon deposition. Intermediate ratios (0.5, 0.1, 0.01) which are permissive to spicule appearance result in fewer, shorter, and thinner spicules, in proportionately fewer microscleres, and in short bulbous megascleres. The size of the bulb increases with increasing [Ge]/[Si], while the length of the bulbous megascleres decreases with increasing [Ge]/[Si]. Microscleres do not demonstrate these graded responses suggesting that they are secreted in an all or none manner. Swellings produced in pond water and bulbs produced in germanium appear to decrease in size with time indicating a spreading of the accumulated silica. The effect of germanium on spicule secretion can be partially explained by its ability to uncouple the growth in length of the axial filament from the growth of the surrounding silicalemma. Under these conditions excess silicalemma is produced in which silica accumulates as bulbs in short spicules. Continuous exposure to Ge is necessary to produce this altered morphology. It is conjectured that the bulbs may be retained due to an inhibition of spreading. which in turn may be caused by the incorporation of germanium into the silica.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four differentiated Malpighian tubules (primary tubules) extend from the junction of the midgut and hindgut in newly hatched Periplaneta americana. Secondary tubules begin to develop near the base of the primary tubules before hatching and successive nymphal molts. The newly initiated tubules undergo cell division and extensive elongation through the middle of the following intermolt period. During this time, the cells of the distal, middle, and lower middle tubule regions are surrounded by a cellular sheath, have few cytoplasmic processes extending along their basal surfaces, have a small or nonexistent lumen, and contain extremely dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. The cellular sheath differentiates into the muscle which coils around the mature tubule. Tubules which begin development toward the end of one intermolt period begin to undergo cytodifferentiation toward the end of the next intermolt period. By the middle of an additional intermolt period, the basal infoldings and microvilli of cells in the distal, middle, and lower middle regions have the conformations typical for those regions in differentiated tubules; granular concretions and stellate cells are present within the middle region of the tubule.
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