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  • Articles  (11)
  • Geochemistry  (6)
  • 04.01. Earth Interior  (5)
  • Elsevier  (11)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2020-2023  (3)
  • 2020-2022  (8)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974
  • 1
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    CO2 storage in the Antarctica Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle as revealed by intra- and inter-granular fluids (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: The investigation of the role played by CO2 circulating within the mantle during partial melting and metasomatic/refertilization processes, together with a re-consideration of its storage capability and re-cycling in the lithospheric mantle, is crucial to unravel the Earth's main geodynamic processes. In this study, the combination of petrology, CO2 content trapped in bulk rock- and mineral-hosted fluid inclusions (FI), and 3D textural and volumetric characterization of intra- and inter-granular microstructures was used to investigate the extent and modality of CO2 storage in depleted and fertile (or refertilized) Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM) beneath northern Victoria Land (NVL, Antarctica). Prior to xenoliths entrainment by the host basalt, the Antarctic SCLM may have stored 0.2 vol% melt and 1.1 vol% fluids, mostly as FI trails inside mineral phases but also as inter-granular fluids. The amount of CO2 stored in FI varies from 0.1 μg(CO2)/g(sample) in olivine from the anhydrous mantle xenoliths at Greene Point and Handler Ridge, up to 187.3 μg/g in orthopyroxene from the highly metasomatized amphibole-bearing lherzolites at Baker Rocks, while the corresponding bulk CO2 contents range from 0.3 to 57.2 μg/g. Irrespective of the lithology, CO2 partitioning is favoured in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene-hosted FI (olivine: orthopyroxene = 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.26 ± 0.09; olivine: clinopyroxene = 0.10 ± 0.05 to 0.27 ± 0.14). The H2O/(H2O + CO2) molar ratios obtained by comparing the CO2 contents of FI to the H2O amount retained in pyroxene lattices vary between 0.72 ± 0.17 and 0.97 ± 0.03, which is well comparable with the values measured in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Antarctic primary lavas and assumed as representative of the partition of volatiles at the local mantle conditions. From the relationships between mineral chemistry, thermo-, oxybarometric results and CO2 contents in mantle xenoliths, we speculate that relicts of CO2-depleted mantle are present at Greene Point, representing memory of a CO2-poor tholeiitic refertilization related to the development of the Jurassic Ferrar large magmatic event. On the other hand, a massive mobilization of CO2 took place before the (melt-related) formation of amphibole veins during the alkaline metasomatic event associated with the Cenozoic rift-related magmatism, in response to the storage and recycling of CO2-bearing materials into the Antarctica mantle likely induced by the prolonged Ross subduction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106643
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 storage ; Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle ; Alkaline metasomatism ; Fluid inclusions ; Synchrotron X-ray microtomography ; Inter-granular fluids ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Chemical variability in volcanic gas plumes and fumaroles along the East African Rift System: New insights from the Western Branch (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-15
    Description: The origin of magmatic fluids along the East African Rift System (EARS) is a long-lived field of debate in the scientific community. Here, we investigate the chemical composition of the volcanic gas plume and fumaroles at Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira (Democratic Republic of Congo), the only two currently erupting volcanoes set on the Western Branch of the rift. Our results are in line with earlier conceptual models proposing that volcanic gas emissions along the EARS mainly reflect variable contributions of either a Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM) component or a Depleted Morb Mantle (DMM) component, and deeper fluid. At Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira, our study discards a major contribution of a high 3He/4He mantle plume component in the genesis of volcanic fluids beneath the area. High CO2/3He in fumaroles of both volcanoes is thought to reflect carbonate metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle source. As inferred by previous results obtained on the lava chemistry, this carbonate metasomatism would be more pronounced beneath Nyiragongo. This supports the idea of the presence of distinct metasomes within the lithospheric mantle beneath the Western Branch of the rift.
    Description: Published
    Description: 120811
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: East African Rift System ; Volcano ; Gas chemistry ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Geodynamics, geophysical and geochemical observations, and the role of CO2 degassing in the Apennines (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: An accurate survey of old and new datasets allowed us to probe the nature and role of fluids in the seismogenic processes of the Apennines mountain range in Italy. New datasets include the 1985–2021 instrumented seismicity catalog, the computed seismogenic thickness, and geodetic velocities and strains, whereas data from the literature comprise focal mechanism solutions, CO2 release, Moho depth, tomographic seismic velocities, heat flow and Bouguer gravity anomalies. Most of the inspected datasets highlight differences between the western and eastern domains of the Apennines, while the transition zone is marked by high geodetic strain, prevailing uplift at the surface and high seismic release, and spatially corresponds with the overlapping Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Mohos. Published tomographic models suggest the presence of a large hot asthenospheric mantle wedge which intrudes beneath the western side of the Apennines and disappears at the southern tip of the southern Apennines. This wedge modulates the thermal structure and rheology of the overlying crust as well as the melting of carbonate-rich sediments of the subducting Adriatic lithosphere. As a result, CO2-rich fluids of mantle-origin have been recognized in association with the occurrence of destructive seismic sequences in the Apennines. The stretched western domain of the Apennines is characterized by a broad pattern of emissions from CO2-rich fluids that vanishes beneath the axial belt of the chain, where fluids are instead trapped within crustal overpressurized reservoirs, favoring their involvement in the evolution of destructive seismic sequences in that region. In the Apennines, areas with high mantle He are associated with different degrees of metasomatism of the mantle wedge from north to south. Beneath the chain, the thickness and permeability of the crust control the formation of overpressurized fluid zones at depth and the seismicity is favored by extensional faults that act as high permeability pathways. This multidisciplinary study aims to contribute to our understanding of the fluid-related mechanisms of earthquake preparation, nucleation and evolution encouraging a multiparametric monitoring system of different geophysical and geochemical observables that could lead the creation of a data-constrained and reliable conceptual model of the role of fluids in the preparatory phase of earthquakes in the Apennines.
    Description: The INGV Earthquake Department Strategic Project FURTHER “The role of FlUids in the pReparaTory pHase of EaRthquakes in Southern Apennines”
    Description: Published
    Description: 104236
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 Earth degassing ; Earthquakes ; Mantle wedge ; Subduction ; Apennines ; 04.06. Seismology ; Geochemistry ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Late Quaternary benthic foraminiferal and ostracod response to palaeoenvironmental changes in a Mediterranean coastal area, Port of Salerno, Tyrrhenian Sea (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The Late Quaternary benthic foraminiferal and ostracod assemblages from two continuous cores drilled in the Port of Salerno were studied to define their relationship with geochemical characteristics of the sediments and with the palaeoenvironmental evolution. The succession, ranging from Late Pleistocene to the 20th century, recorded the transition from a marine coastal environment under natural conditions to a depositional context affected by anthropogenic influence. In the lower part of the sequence, ecological and sedimentary changes were linked to sea-level changes due to Late Quaternary climatic phases, as well as to volcanic events such as the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, represented by levels with high metal (Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) concentrations, possibly leading to low pH phases. Later human activities, such as the construction of harbour facilities in the 18th century and the industrial development in the 19th century, influenced environmental variations, as shown in the upper part of the succession. High levels of heavy metal concentrations (Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, V) recorded in layers deposited in the 1800s suggest the presence of a pollution event which could be linked to manufacturing activities and might have occurred during the first part of the 19th century. Calcareous meiofaunal assemblages showed high diversity values, probably due to the occurrence of "rare short lived" species in an unstable environment. Assemblages were dominated by the foraminiferal species Ammonia aberdoveyensis and Haynesina depressula, and by the ostracods Pontocythere turbida and Semicytherura sulcata, which are considered as possibly stress-tolerant species.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101498
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Campania region (Italy) ; Late quaternary ; Benthic foraminifera ; Ostracoda ; Geochemistry ; Anthropogenic impact
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Precipitation of secondary minerals in acid sulphate-chloride waters traced by major, minor and rare earth elements in waters: The case of Puracé volcano (Colombia) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: Major, minor and rare earth elements were analyzed in the acid sulphate - chloride thermal springs associated to Puracé volcano – hydrothermal system. The waters of Puracé were classified in 2 different groups as a function of the physico-chemical parameters and element distributions. Group 1 is characterized by the highest pH (⁓ 3.5), an outlet temperature of ⁓ 81 °C and a strong depletion of Fe, Al, Si and Ba with respect to the isochemical dissolution of the average volcanic local rock. Group 2 waters have lower pH values ⁓ 1.9 and temperature (⁓ 48 °C) compared with Group 1. Moreover, Group 2 is not characterized by a typical pathway representing the congruent dissolution of the rock and shows a distribution of major and minor elements that is more close to the near-congruent dissolution of the average volcanic local rock with respect to Group 1. These geochemical features of major and minor elements allow to propose that the chemical composition of the waters of Group 1 is strongly affected by the precipitation of secondary minerals such as alunite, jarosite, kaolinite, barite and polymorphs of SiO2. The grouping of waters is also supported by the distribution of dissolved REE normalized to the average volcanic local rock. Group 1 shows REE patterns strongly depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE), typical of water that formed alunitic and/or kaolinitic rocks. On the contrary, Group 2 is characterized by flat patterns, in according to the near-congruent dissolution of the rocks. REE dissolved in waters of Puracé were compared with REE in the acidic waters of Nevado del Ruiz and Azufral Colombian volcanoes and with REE in minerals recognized in advanced argillic alteration (alunite, gypsum and kaolinite). Precipitation of secondary minerals is proposed as a common process depleting LREE in acidic sulphate – chlorine waters in volcano – hydrothermal systems. Furthermore, the chemical fractionation of the major and minor elements was interpreted together with the corresponding distributions of REE in order to trace the water – rock interaction processes. Saturation indexes of most common secondary minerals identified in advanced argillic alterations were calculated using PHREEQC software in a range of temperature from 25 to 250 °C. This geochemical approach allows to identify the possible mineral precipitation or dissolution of secondary minerals as well as the temperature at which the water reached equilibrium with a given set of minerals. In Group 1, the precipitation of secondary minerals LREE enriched (alunite minerals and kaolinite) was traced at temperature of precipitation higher than ⁓ 101 °C.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107106
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Puracé volcano Acidic waters Rare Earth elements fractionation Advanced argillic alteration Alunite Kaolinite ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05. General ; Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Lithium isotopes and Cu-Au concentrations in hydrothermal alterations from Solfatara Volcano, Campi Flegrei caldera complex, and La Fossa volcano, Vulcano Island, Italy: Insights into epithermal ore forming environments (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-26
    Description: Hydrothermally-altered rocks collected at Solfatara volcano, Campi Flegrei caldera complex, Italy, are comparable to zones of steam-heated alterations found at low sulfidation epithermal deposits, and volcanic gases collected at Solfatara have temperatures and C-O-H isotopic compositions akin to those forming low sulfidation epithermal deposits. By contrast, hydrothermal alterations collected at La Fossa volcano, Vulcano island, Italy, are comparable to zones of residual vuggy silica formed in high sulfidation epithermal deposits, and volcanic gases collected at La Fossa have temperatures and C-O-H isotopic compositions comparable to those forming high sulfidation epithermal deposits. At Solfatara, amorphous and hydrous opal-A is responsible for shifts in δ7Li values, from +2.2‰ in fresher rocks, to −3.6‰ in most altered rocks, with increases in Au and Cu concentrations (up to 3 ppb and 96 ppm). The increase in Au and Cu concentrations in progressively-altered rocks resulted from the transport of Cu-Au in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and their partitioning into pyrite, Fe oxides, phyllosilicates, sulfates, and/or opal-A. It is proposed that the combination of opal-A, decreases in δ7Li values, and increases in Cu and Au concentrations represent an exploration vector for low sulfidation epithermal veins. At La Fossa, α-cristobalite is responsible for shifts in δ7Li values, ranging from −0.9‰ in least-altered rocks, to +4.7‰ in most altered rocks, with decreases in Au-Cu concentrations. The decrease in Au and Cu concentrations in progressively-altered rocks may have resulted from the metasomatism of pyrite and Fe oxides, the dissolution of clinopyroxene and opal, and the invasion of the samples by α-cristobalite. The combination of α-cristobalite, increases in δ7Li values, and decreases in Cu and Au concentrations are proposed as proxies for potential high sulfidation epithermal disseminations. Alternating phases of high eruptive activity and quiescent degassing at volcanoes generally, and at Solfatara and La Fossa specifically, suggest that the physicochemical conditions of individual subvolcanic hydrothermal systems should also be alternating, between conditions that are characteristic of low- and high sulfidation epithermal ore-forming environments, and that the related zones of silicification should be alternating between low δ7Li and high Cu-Au values dominated by opal-A, and higher δ7Li and lower Cu-Au values dominated by α-cristobalite.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103934
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active ore-forming processes ; Opalization and cristobalization ; Lithium isotopes ; High and low sulfidation epithermal Au-Cu ore deposits ; La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy ; Solfatara, Campi Flegrei, Italy ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Melting and metasomatism in West Eifel and Siebengebirge Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle: Evidence from concentrations of volatiles in fluid inclusions and petrology of ultramafic xenoliths (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: The possibility of constraining the composition and evolution of specific portions of the Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM) by means of an integrated study of petrography, mineral chemistry, and concentrations of volatiles in fluid inclusions (FI) is a novel approach that can provide clues on the recycling of volatiles within the lithosphere. This approach is even more important in active or dormant volcanic areas, where the signature of the gaseous emissions at the surface can be that of the underlying lithospheric mantle domains. In this respect, the ultramafic xenoliths brought to the surface in West Eifel (~0.5–0.01 Ma) and Siebengebirge (~30–6 Ma) volcanic fields (Germany) are ideal targets, as they provide direct information on one of the most intriguing portions of SCLM beneath the Central European Volcanic Province (CEVP). Five distinct populations from these localities were investigated using petrographic observations, mineral phase analyses and determination of He, Ne, Ar and CO2 contents in olivine-, orthopyroxene-, and clinopyroxene-hosted FI. The most refractory Siebengebirge rocks have highly forsteritic olivine, high-Mg#, low-Al pyroxene, and spinel with high Cr#, reflecting high extents (up to 30%) of melt extraction. In contrast, xenoliths from West Eifel are modally and compositionally heterogeneous, as indicated by the large forsterite range of olivine (Fo83–92), the Cr# range of spinel (0.1–0.6), and the variable Al and Ti contents of pyroxene. Equilibration temperatures vary from 870 ◦C to 1070 ◦C in Siebengebirge, and from ⁓900 ◦C to ⁓1190 ◦C in West Eifel xenoliths, at oxygen fugacity values generally between 􀀀 0.5 and + 1.3 ΔlogƒO2 [FMQ]. In both areas, the FI composition was dominated by CO2, with clinopyroxene, and most of the orthopyroxene had the highest concentrations of volatiles, while olivine was gas-poor. The noble gas and CO2 distributions suggest that olivine is representative of a residual mantle that experienced one or more melt extraction episodes. The 3He/4He ratio corrected for air contamination (Rc/Ra values) varied from 6.8 Ra in harzburgitic lithotypes to 5.5 Ra in lherzolites and cumulate rocks, indicating that the original MORB-like mantle signature was progressively modified by interaction with crustal-related components and melts having 3He/4He and 4He/40Ar* values consistent with those published for magmatic gaseous emissions. The Ne and Ar isotope systematics indicated that most of the data were consistent with mixing between a recycled atmospheric component and a MORB-like mantle, which does not necessarily require the involvement of a lower mantle plume beneath this portion of the CEVP. The major element distribution in mineral phases from West Eifel and Siebengebirge, together with the systematic variations in FI composition, the positive correlation between Al enrichment in pyroxene and equilibration temperatures, and the concomitant Rc/Ra decrease with increasing temperature, suggest that the SCLM beneath Siebengebirge represented the Variscan lithosphere in CEVP prior to the massive infiltration of melts/fluids belonging to the Quaternary Eifel volcanism. In contrast, West Eifel xenoliths reflect multiple heterogeneous metasomatism/refertilisation events that took place in the regional SCLM between ~6 and ~ 0.5 Ma.
    Description: Published
    Description: 120400
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Eifel ; Siebengebirge ; Noble gas and CO2 measurements ; Fluid inclusions ; Mantle xenoliths ; European SCLM ; Partial melting ; Metasomatism ; Refertilisation ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Mobility of REE from a hyperacid brine to secondary minerals precipitated in a volcanic hydrothermal system: Kawah Ijen crater lake (Java, Indonesia) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: Rare Earth Elements (REE; lanthanides and yttrium) are elements with high economic interest because they are critical elements for modern technologies. This study mainly focuses on the geochemical behavior of REE in hyperacid sulphate brines in volcanic-hydrothermal systems, where the precipitation of sulphate minerals occurs. Kawah Ijen lake, a hyperacid brine hosted in the Ijen caldera (Indonesia), was used as natural laboratory. ∑REE concentration in the lake water is high, ranging from 5.86 to 6.52 mg kg-1. The REE pattern of lake waters normalized to the average local volcanic rock is flat, suggesting isochemical dissolution. Minerals spontaneously precipitated in laboratory at 25 °C from water samples of Kawah Ijen were identified by XRD as gypsum. Microprobe analyses and the chemical composition of major constituents allow to identify possible other minerals precipitated: jarosite, Al-sulphate and Sr, Ba-sulphate. ∑REE concentration in minerals precipitated (mainly gypsum) range from 59.53 to 78.64 mg kg-1. The REE patterns of minerals precipitated normalized to the average local magmatic rock show enrichment in LREE. The REE distribution coefficient (KD), obtained from a ratio of its concentration in the minerals precipitated (mainly gypsum) and the lake water, shows higher values for LREE than HREE. KD-LREE/KD-HREE increases in the studied samples when the concentrations of BaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Na2O and the sum of total oxides (except SO3 and CaO) decrease in the solid phase. The presence of secondary minerals different than gypsum can be the cause of the distribution coefficient variations. High concentrations of REE in Kawah Ijen volcanic lake have to enhance the interest on these environments as possible REE reservoir, stimulating future investigations. The comparison of the KD calculated for REE after mineral precipitation (mainly gypsum) from Kawah Ijen and Poás hyperacid volcanic lakes allow to generalize that the gypsum precipitation removes the LREE from water.
    Description: Published
    Description: 140133
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Gypsum precipitation ; Rare Earth Elements ; Hyperacid crater lake ; Kawah Ijen volcano ; Poás volcano ; REE fractionation ; Geochemistry ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Distal tephra from Campanian eruptions in early Late Holocene fills of the Agro Pontino graben and Fondi basin (Southern Lazio, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-21
    Description: Following on the discovery (in 2011) of a layer of distal tephra from the Pomici di Avellino eruption (Somma-Vesuvius, EU5) in the Agro Pontino (southern Lazio, Italy), further detailed study of the Holocene sediment archives in this graben and in the nearby Fondi coastal basin showed that distal tephra from this EU5 eruption occurs as a rather continuous, conspicuous layer. Two other, less conspicuous tephra layers were found, identified as the earlier Astroni 6 eruption from the Campi Flegrei (Fondi basin) and the later AP2 eruption of the Somma-Vesuvius (Agro Pontino). The identification of the distal tephra layers rests upon a combination of criteria, including stratigraphy, macro characteristics, mineralogy, geochemical data on glass composition, Sr-isotopic ratios, and the known tephrochronology for the period concerned, i.e. between c. 2500 and 1000 BCE. 14C datings serve to constrain their age. No significant spatial variation in the characteristics of the main tephra layer (EU5) was observed, other than distinct fining with increasing distance from the vent. Based on a detailed palaeogeographical reconstruction, the occurrence and preservation of these tephra are explained by the local environmental conditions governing their preservation during this time span (the Central Italian Bronze Age), and by the later evolution of the area. The observations underpin that multiple corings are needed to fully assess whether sedimentary hiatuses exist in palaeorecords, based on cores from sediment archives. Lastly, our study shows that hazard evaluations for future eruptions by Campanian volcanoes should pay more attention to their potential impacts on distal areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107041
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Distal tephra Central Italy ; Tephrochronology ; Geochemistry ; Radiocarbon dating Early ; Late Holocene ; Central Italy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    3D crustal structure of the Eastern Alpine region from ambient noise tomography (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Description: The tectonic evolution of the European Eastern Alps within the Alpine orogeny is still under debate. Open ques- tions include: the link between surface, crustal and mantle structures; the nature of the Moho gap between the two plates; the relationship between the Alps, the adjacent foreland basin and the Bohemian Massif lithospheric blocks. We collected one year of continuous data recorded by ~250 broadband seismic stations –55 of which installed within the EASI AlpArray complementary experiment– in the Eastern Alpine region. Exploiting surface wave group velocity from seismic ambient noise, we obtained an high-resolution 3D S-wave crustal model of the area. The Rayleigh-wave group-velocity from 3 s to 35 s are inverted to obtain 2-D group velocity maps with a resolution of ~15 km. From these maps, we determine a set of 1D velocity models via a Neighborhood Algorithm, resulting in a new 3D model of S-wave velocity with associated uncertainties. The vertical parameterization is a 3-layer crust with the velocity properties in each layer described by a gradient. Our final model finds high correlation with specific geological features in the Eastern Alps up to 20 km depth, the deep structure of the Molasse basin and important variations of crustal thickness and velocities as a result of the Alpine orogeny post-collisional evolution. The strength of our new information relies on the absolute S-wave crustal velocity and the velocity gradient unambiguously sampled along the Moho, only limited by the amount and quality distribution of the data available.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100006
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: 3D crustal structure ; Ambient-noise tomography ; Surface wave ; Alps ; Moho ; Molasse basin ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Deep CO2 emitted at Furnas do Enxofre geothermal area (Terceira Island, Azores archipelago). An approach for determining CO2 sources and total emissions using carbon isotopic data (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: Quantification of the CO2 released by the volcanoes to the atmosphere is relevant for the evaluation of the balance between deep-derived, biogenic and anthropogenic contributions. The current study estimates the CO2 released from Furnas do Enxofre degassing area (Terceira Island, Azores archipelago) by applying an approach that integrates the flux of CO2 fromthe soilwith the δ13C-CO2 values. A deep-derived CO2 output of 2.54 t d−1 is estimated for an area of ~23,715 m2. High biogenic-derived CO2 flux values (~45 g m−2 d−1) associated with light carbon isotopic content (δ13C=−28‰±1.1‰) are detected and explained by the type of vegetation that characterizes the study site. Carbon isotopic compositions of the CO2 (−6.4‰±1.2‰) measured in olivine-hosted fluid inclusions of the Terceira basalts are presented for the first time and contribute to defining the mantle-CO2 signature. Differences between these values and heavier carbon isotope values from gas in fumaroles at Furnas do Enxofre (−4.66‰to−4.27‰) are explained by the carbon isotopic fractionation occurring when CO2 reacts to form calcite in the geothermal reservoir at temperatures N180 °C. A clear correlation between the soil temperature and deep CO2 fluxes is observed and the integration of the diffuse degassing information with the composition of the fumarolic emissions allows estimating a thermal energy flux of 1.1 MW.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106968
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Soil diffuse degassing ; CO2 fluxes ; Carbon isotopic composition ; Hydrothermal systems ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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