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  • thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general  (349)
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  • Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • General Chemistry
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  • Life Sciences (General)
  • 2020-2024  (353)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1945-1949
  • 2022  (353)
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  • 2020-2024  (353)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1945-1949
  • 2020-2023  (5)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Processing and storage can cause changes and interactions in food components that have effects on nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics or even food safety. This book includes 19 research works showing important and interesting advances, as well as new approaches, in this research topic. Four articles are dedicated to studying the effect of canning conditions (filling media and some ingredients) on the diverse parameters of quality for fish and pet foods. Three articles are devoted to studying the effects of dehydration (pre-treatments and drying procedures). One article is dedicated to monitoring the elaboration of a fermented and dehydrated product (sausage) using a portable NIRS device. The ninth article of this book studies the effect of low-dose electron beam irradiation on cooking quality, moisture migration, and thermodynamics, as well as the digestion properties of the isolated starches in newly harvested and dried rice. The next contribution studies the use of different preservatives to avoid the formation of undesirable volatile organic compounds in stracciatella cheese. Another article examines the impact of source material, kibble size, temperature, and duration on the efficiency of the aqueous extraction of sugars and phenolics from carob kibbles by conventional heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) methods. In two articles, marinating with different extracts, alone or combined with other seasoning/conditioning methods, was essayed to tenderize beef or to improve the sensory quality of chicken leg and breast meat. The effect of various cooking methods on the quality, structure, pasting, water distribution and protein oxidation of fish and meat-based snacks is studied in the fourteenth article. The last five articles are dedicated to the study of the effects of storage on several foods (olive oil, blueberry, beetroot and Atlantic mackerel).
    Keywords: Electron Beam Irradiation ; rice ; moisture ; physicochemical properties ; rabbiteye blueberry ; postharvest storage ; firmness ; aroma compounds ; off-odor ; dry-fermented sausages ; near infrared spectroscopy ; portable device ; PLS-DA ; Scomber colias ; prior chilling ; Fucus spiralis ; packaging medium ; canning ; lipid damage ; colour ; trimethylamine ; quality ; carob kibbles ; carob juice ; aqueous extraction ; sugars ; phenolics ; free amino acids ; biogenic amines ; filling medium ; European eels ; stracciatella cheese ; volatile organic compounds ; sensory characteristics ; natural preservatives ; cheese storage ; pineapple by-products ; hydrostatic pressure ; bromelain ; enzyme activity ; marinade ; meat ; texture ; water status and distribution ; microstructure ; secondary structure of protein ; Atlantic mackerel ; saffron quality ; secondary metabolites ; drying ; high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) ; spectrophotometry ; canned eels ; olive oil ; sunflower oil ; oxidation ; antioxidants ; total phenols ; vitamin E ; fresh wet noodles ; humidity-controlled dehydration ; microorganisms ; shelf-life ; noodle quality ; “Rocha” pear ; ultrasound ; microwave ; quality characteristics ; empirical models ; beetroot ; organic farming ; storage ; bioactive compounds ; betalain ; nitrate ; sugar ; phenolic compounds ; total dry matter ; chicken meat ; sensory evaluation ; superheated steam ; marination ; hot smoking ; storage effect ; extra virgin olive oil ; phenols ; sterols ; tocopherols ; temperature ; argon ; freeze-thaw cycles ; anthocyanins ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; aroma profiles ; hot-air drying ; blueberry ; cooking methods ; fish meat snacks ; LF-NMR ; SEM ; protein oxidation ; expressible moisture ; gel ; gum ; heat penetration ; thermally processed ; wet pet food ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research.
    Keywords: active packaging ; chitosan ; methylcellulose ; natamycin ; antimicrobial action ; quaternary ammonium groups ; acrylic acid ; glycidyl methacrylate ; crosslinking reaction ; coating ; edible films ; edible coatings ; antimicrobial agents ; fresh fish ; spoilage ; shelf-life ; black anther disease ; orchid cut flower ; silver nanoparticles ; antifouling efficacy ; flow-through ; triangular box ; Amphibalanus amphitrite ; cuprous oxide ; dynamic aging ; repellant activity ; raft experiment ; bioassay ; biofouling of ships’ hull ; polypropylene ; hernia meshes ; antibacterial ; drug release ; polydopamine ; antimicrobial ; citric acid ; cross-linked ; cold plasma ; antimicrobial activity ; brilliant green ; crystal violet ; demethylation ; lignin ; polyurethane coatings ; triphenylmethane dyes ; 3D printing ; catheters ; dialysis ; extrusion ; infections ; manufacturing ; infection ; coatings ; silver ; nanomaterials ; plasma deposition ; titanium-based thin films ; copper ; magnetron sputtering ; super-elastic coatings ; E. coli inactivation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources.
    Keywords: physical habitat ; aquatic ecology ; stream health ; environmental flows ; land use ; hydrology ; hydroecology ; ecohydrology ; climate change ; Appalachia ; reforestation ; land use-land cover ; land-atmosphere coupling ; water quality ; environmental perceptions ; human dimensions ; spatial models ; socioeconomics ; urban watershed management ; municipal watershed ; water quality impairment ; collaborative adaptive management ; water resources ; urban watersheds ; endocrine disrupting chemical ; opioid ; pathway analysis ; ontology ; metabolomics ; decision-making ; logit regression ; farmer perceptions ; social networks ; public funds ; water conservation adoption ; good governance ; sanitation ; sustainability ; water supply ; water-saving agriculture ; Chinese provincial input efficiency ; three-stage DEA model ; environmental variables ; Boufakrane river watershed ; remote sensing ; LULCC ; water balances ; vulnerability ; total dissolved solids ; drinking water ; Appalachian Mountains ; streamflow sensitivity ; water security ; water balance partitioning ; Budyko ; Escherichia coli ; Suspended particulate matter ; Water quality ; Land use practices ; Watershed management ; basin ; hydrologic model ; reaeration rates ; stream metabolism ; watershed ; physicochemistry ; land use practices ; experimental watershed ; suspended particulate matter ; stream water temperature ; watershed management ; bacteria ; land-use practices ; environmental persistence ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; pedotransfer function ; model validation ; Chesapeake Bay Watershed ; experimental watershed study ; human dimensions of water ; watershed modeling ; hydrological modeling ; water pollutants ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process.
    Keywords: complete cadastre ; legal element ; fixing boundary ; eligible landowner ; agreement ; boundary marker ; fit-for-purpose land administration (FFP LA) ; violent conflict ; United Nations ; extra-legal ; transitional justice ; peace building ; land governance ; power relations ; securing land rights ; land registration ; development impacts ; fit-for-purpose land administration ; land administration ; decentralization ; India ; fit-for-purpose ; institutions ; governance ; politics ; Amazon ; deforestation ; Fit-For-Purpose land administration ; participatory mapping ; indigenous land conflict ; Cumaribo ; Colombia ; community-based land adjudication ; components of adjudication ; land tenure ; land rights ; good practices ; updating land records ; systematic land registration ; unconventional approach ; case study ; Benin ; cadaster ; land administration domain model ; LADM ; cadastre ; FFPLA ; customary tenure ; land inventory ; land management ; mobile-based applications ; pro-poor ; land surveying ; tenure security ; land rights and tenure ; fit-for-purpose approach ; human rights ; design science research ; design thinking ; fit for purpose ; spatial data quality ; spatial data quality assurance ; maintenance ; update ; upgrade ; upkeep ; renewal ; data quality ; spatial framework ; STDM ; technology ; UAV ; feature extraction ; rapid urbanization ; climate change ; pandemic ; urban resilience ; spatial ; legal ; and institutional frameworks ; land tenure security ; pro-poor land recordation ; land governance reform ; cost effectiveness ; innovative technology ; case studies ; Uganda ; customary land tenure ; land recordation tools ; semantic technologies ; land information system ; fit-for-purpose land management ; aerial and street level imagery ; machine learning ; integrated land programs ; land policy ; pilot study ; informal settlements ; urban development ; Brazil ; community-based crowdsourcing ; SiGIT ; Ecuador ; land and resources rights ; public-private partnerships ; corporate social responsibility ; poverty reduction ; business driven solutions ; social enterprises ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: During cell metabolism, oxygen is partially reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a physiological role in cellular processes. However, an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of defenses to detoxify the organism provokes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and its subsequent damages to vital cellular components have been associated with numerous severe chronic disorders. In addition, oxidation reactions are responsible for food deterioration during processing and storage. Peptides from animal and vegetal food sources have attracted attention due to the large evidence of their in vitro antioxidant properties. In addition to their potential as safer alternatives to synthetic antioxidants used to prevent oxidative reactions in foods, antioxidant peptides can also act by reducing the risk of numerous oxidative stress-associated diseases. Furthermore, peptides can act synergistically with nonpeptide antioxidants, enhancing their protective effect. This Special Issue of the Foods journal includes outstanding papers illustrating examples of the most recent advances on antioxidant peptides from both vegetal and animal sources. The existing data on their bioactivities demonstrated by in silico, in vitro, and animal models are included as well as the mechanisms of action of identified antioxidant peptides.
    Keywords: food peptides ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant enzymes ; whey protein hydrolysate ; hydrolysis condition ; food antioxidant ; ORAC ; cellular ROS ; HepG2 ; peptides ; egg white ; egg yolk ; antioxidant peptides ; sarcopenia ; whey protein ; muscle ; C2C12 ; aged animals ; older adult ; exercise ; bioactive peptides ; animal protein ; multifunctionality ; antioxidant activity ; in silico ; cell models ; fruit residues ; antioxidant ; extraction ; albumin ; albumin peptide ; antioxidant peptide ; bioactive peptide ; mung bean ; mung bean albumin ; peptide sequencing ; Vigna radiata ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: As an important tool of systems biology, proteomics has enabled a deep understanding of different plant processes and functions. Complemented with genomic data, computational tools, and improved sample preparation strategies, proteomics has an unprecedented opportunity to characterize plant proteoforms in high spatial and temporal resolution. This special issue of Plant Proteomic Research 4.0 captures the recent advancements in proteomics and addresses the current challenges of plant stress response and resilience in the ever-changing climate. It contains 12 articles, including three reviews and nine original research articles. The three reviews deal with pollen phosphoproteomics, starch biosynthesis-related proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in rice developing seeds, and PTMs of waxy proteins in rice grain. The nine research articles include three related to temperature, two on water stress, two on salt stress, one on fungal pathogen, and the last one on field-grown potato apoplast proteome. The articles reflect the current frontiers of plant proteomics, focusing on themes of environmental stresses, proteoforms/PTMs, crop species, and new development in data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. They provide readers insights into current technologies, their utility in understanding plant growth and resilience, as well as directions of proteomics in the frontiers of systems biology and synthetic biology.
    Keywords: peptide markers ; Quercus ilex ; drought tolerance ; targeted post-acquisition proteomics ; plant pathogenesis responses ; quantitative proteomics ; data-independent acquisition ; Phytophthora infestans ; waxy ; amylose ; posttranslational modification ; GBSSI ; rice ; wheat ; salt stress ; physiological characteristics ; ER proteome ; label-free quantitation ; starch biosynthesis ; proteomics ; starch functionality ; cooking and eating quality ; Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ; McHB7 ; transcription factor ; late embryogenesis abundant ; Arabidopsis ; seed germination ; metabolomics ; heat-stable proteome ; dehydrins ; LEA transcripts ; intrinsically disordered proteins ; floral thermogenesis ; Nelumbo nucifera ; DIA-based quantitative proteomics ; time series analysis ; protein-protein interaction network ; WGCNA ; mutant soybean ; flooding ; glycoprotein folding ; fermentation ; cell death ; rice endosperm ; phosphorylation ; high temperature ; sucrose and starch metabolism ; ABPP ; apoplast ; serine hydrolases ; β-glycosidases ; potato ; field-omics ; phosphoproteomics ; pollen tube ; male gametophyte ; root hair ; signal transduction ; kinase motif ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Our world is facing many challenges, such as poverty, hunger, resource shortage, environmental degradation, climate change, and increased inequalities and conflicts. To address such challenges, the United Nations proposed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), consisting of 17 interlinked global goals, as the strategic blueprint of world sustainable development. Nevertheless, the implementation of the SDG framework has been very challenging and the COVID-19 pandemic has further impeded the SDG implementation progress. Accelerated efforts are needed to enable all stakeholders, ranging from national and local governments, civil society, private sector, academia and youth, to contribute to addressing this dilemma. This volume of the Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability book series aims to offer inspiration and creativity on approaches to sustainable development. Among other things, it covers topics of COVID-19 and sustainability, environmental pollution, food production, clean energy, low-carbon transport promotion, and strategic governance for sustainable initiatives. This book can reveal facts about the challenges we are facing on the one hand and provide a better understanding of drivers, barriers, and motivations to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all on the other. Research presented in this volume can provide different stakeholders, including planners and policy makers, with better solutions for the implementation of SDGs. Prof. Bao-Jie He acknowledges the Project NO. 2021CDJQY-004 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We appreciate the assistance from Mr. Lifeng Xiong, Mr. Wei Wang, Ms. Xueke Chen and Ms. Anxian Chen at School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, China.
    Keywords: climate change ; sustainable development goals ; urban transformation ; decarbonization ; built environment ; governance ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue explored different topics concerning recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of suitable innovative macromolecular systems, proposed as carriers of specific antimicrobial molecules, to be employed in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Many infectious diseases are induced by omnipresent micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and algae, and, consequently, are very common, accounting for a significant share of the global disease burden. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and the high cost of antimicrobials are crucial health challenges worldwide. One of the common efforts in addressing this issue lies in improving the existing antimicrobial delivery systems. In this regard, nanoparticles as well as three-dimensional hydrophilic systems represent valuable tools able to ensure excellent performances. Biocompatible polymeric particles, entrapping these bioactive molecules, are capable of releasing them over a desired period of time, thereby decreasing the frequency of their administration. At the same time, these systems are able to protect antimicrobial drugs from degradation, enhancing their bioavailability. This Special Issue serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress recorded in this field.
    Keywords: film nanocomposite ; essential oil ; supercritical CO2 ; long-term package ; hybrid nanoparticles ; biocompatible polymer ; antimicrobial amphiphiles ; dynamic light scattering ; scanning electron microscopy ; cell viability from counting of colony-forming unities ; antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Candida albicans ; hydrogel ; polyvinyl alcohol ; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids ; sustained release ; linezolid ; equilibrium swelling ratio ; accumulative release ; thermogravimetric analysis ; gram-negative bacteria ; multidrug resistance ; polymer therapeutics ; colistin ; polymyxin B ; nanoliposomes ; MDR-Bacteria ; chitosan ; nanotechnologies ; plant extracts ; agro-food-wastes ; antimicrobial agents ; polymeric nanocarriers ; mixed polymeric micelles ; drug delivery ; antibiotics ; Pluronic F127 ; antimicrobial agent ; polymeric nanomaterial ; self-assembly ; antimicrobial peptide ; silver nanoparticle ; anti-biofilm ; wound healing ; bromelain ; nisin ; bioactivity ; biomedicine ; carrier ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In light of the considerable impact of global food supply chains on climate change, more sustainable ways of producing, distributing, and consuming food appear critical for sustainable development. With the aim of contributing to this topic, this Special Issue on sustainable food consumption and food marketing addresses various relevant issues related to food consumption, including innovative and sustainable forms of food production and consumption, animal welfare and meat consumption, price transmission, social media communication, alternative food production, and organic agriculture, among others. As such, this Special Issue sheds light on more sustainable and carbon-friendly food production and consumption systems from various angles. It delivers valuable scientific evidence for the transformation of current carbon-based food supply chains to more eco-friendly, fair, and future-oriented food supply chains.
    Keywords: aquaponics ; Structural Equation Modeling ; consumer behavior ; purchase intention ; willingness to pay ; sustainability ; food market ; veganic ; vegan-organic ; vegan ; stockless ; attitudes ; environmental marketing ; green product ; green consumer ; green purchase decision ; consumer behaviour ; theory of planned behaviour ; sustainable consumption ; Bangladesh ; out-of-home catering ; sustainable nutrition ; variety seeking ; spontaneous choice ; company canteens ; trust ; social media ; small and medium enterprises ; Bresse Gauloise ; choice experiment ; dual-purpose breeds ; faba beans ; Kollbecksmoor ; theory of planned behavior ; Vorwerkhuhn ; White Rock ; green products ; palm oil free ; structural equation modeling ; SEM ; sustainable food consumption ; food waste ; theoretical framework ; food tourism ; community-based tourism ; sustainable development ; community engagement ; rural development ; food heritage ; carbon-friendly food ; emotions ; animal welfare ; cured ham ; discrete choice experiment ; latent construct model ; market instability ; nonlinear empirical dynamics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Cognitive building is a pioneering topic envisioning the future of our built environment. The concept of "cognitive" provides a paradigm shift that steps from the static concept of the building as a container of human activities towards the modernist vision of "machine à habiter" of Le Corbusier, where the technological content adds the capability of learning from users' behavior and environmental variables to adapt itself to achieve major goals such as user comfort, energy-saving, flexible functionality, high durability, and good maintainability. The concept is based on digital frameworks and IoT networks towards the concept of a smart city.
    Keywords: explainable post occupancy ; humanoid robot ; lighting simulation software ; BIM ; openBIM ; IFC ; IoT ; sensors ; cognitive buildings ; asset management ; digital twin ; BEM ; simulation modelling ; dynamic simulation ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; facility management ; cyber-physical systems ; Building Management System ; Digital Twin ; Post-Occupancy Evaluations ; cognitive ; digital twins ; building lifecycle management ; artificial intelligence ; decision support ; self-learning ; optimization ; building performance simulation ; lighting simulation ; lighting quality ; visual comfort ; office field study ; evidence-based design ; building information modeling ; HVAC ; fan coil ; Internet of Things ; predictive maintenance ; fault detection ; smart building ; sustainable building ; construction projects ; BIM implementation ; stakeholders ; barriers ; construction product ; servitization ; level of evidence ; level curves ; ground slopes ; embankments ; road and rail design ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book are reported nine works related to land subsidence monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Land subsidence is a common phenomenon in many regions of the world, where it causes degradation of local ecosystems and disruption of economic activities. Its effects are more evident in densely populated areas in particular in low-lying territories such as river deltas and coastal areas where the combination of land subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. For this reason, the monitoring of ground deformations is a crucial step to obtain important information for the development of risk mitigation strategies. In the presented papers, the characteristics of land subsidence occurring in different study areas are described, and recent developments in the used methodologies for the monitoring of the ground displacements are discussed and validated also by means of ground-based data. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the adopted techniques are highlighted. The outcomes of these research works can provide national and local authorities with useful information for the implementation of integrated monitoring systems in the areas most affected by land subsidence.
    Keywords: land subsidence ; IPTA ; land-use ; water resource utilization ; groundwater change ; deformation ; geology ; Gävle ; InSAR ; PSI ; precise levelling ; sentinel-1 ; subsidence ; Sweden ; ALOS/PALSAR ; time series analysis ; SBAS ; hot spring water ; hydrothermal fluids ; Hakone Volcano ; satellite geodesy ; radar interferometry ; persistent scatterers ; distributed scatterers ; orbit combination ; Sentinel-1 ; cavern field ; salt deposit ; geophysical modeling ; underground gas storage ; GNSS ; ground movement ; subsidence monitoring ; integrated numerical simulation ; Dubrovnik ; satellite altimetry ; tide gauges ; vertical land motion ; DInSAR ; mining-induced tremors ; land surface deformation ; Upper Silesian Coal Basin ; Interferometry ; SNAP-StaMPS ; Ground deformation ; Po River Delta ; integrated monitoring ; time-series analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.
    Keywords: nanospheroids ; zinc-doped CaO ; natural triglycerides ; aminolysis ; heterogeneous catalyst ; recyclability ; catalyst ; sodium hydroxide ; fatty acid methyl ester ; central composite rotatable design ; operational conditions ; aerated irrigation ; soil enzyme activity ; soil microbial biomass ; soil respiration ; bio-derived phenol ; Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 ; in-situ hydrodeoxygenation ; cyclohexane ; hydrogenolysis ; biomass ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ; 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid ; aerobic oxidation ; metal catalysts ; acid catalysis ; biodiesel ; biofuel ; esterification ; fatty acid ; methanolysis ; molybdenum oxide ; transesterification ; vegetable oil ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol ; 1-heptanol ; 4-methyl-2-pentanol ; viscosity ; flash and combustion points ; methyl oleate ; methyl ricinoleate ; cellulase ; cellulose ; paper sludge ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; synergism ; furfural ; carbon-supported catalyst ; xylose conversion ; iron ; heterogeneous catalysts ; thermoset polymer ; epoxy ; cellulose nanofiber ; curing characteristics ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; RSM ; numerical optimization ; keratinase ; feather ; Bacillus sp. ; amino acids ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; abiotic stress response ; photosynthesis ; phosphoglycolate phosphatase ; photorespiration ; 2-phosphoglycolate ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; glycolate oxidase ; protein phosphorylation ; Zea mays ; Portulaca grandiflora ; C4 photosynthesis ; Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), evolution ; development ; PEP carboxylase ; Portulacaceae ; glycine decarboxylase ; metabolite signaling/acclimation ; TCA cycle ; Calvin–Benson cycle ; photoperiodic changes ; redox-regulation ; environmental adaptation ; Glycolate oxidase ; evolution ; Archaeplastida ; Cyanobacteria ; MCF ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mitochondrial carriers ; transporters ; energy balancing ; cyclic electron flux ; malate valve ; C3 cycle ; acclimation ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; fluctuating light ; natural variation ; pyruvate kinase ; glycolysis ; respiratory metabolism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The use of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a need of global society. This editorial, and its associated Special Issue “Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources”, offers a compilation of some of the recent advances in the analysis of current power systems that are composed after the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) with different RESs. The focus is on both new control configurations and on novel methodologies for the optimal placement and sizing of DG. The eleven accepted papers certainly provide a good contribution to control deployments and methodologies for the allocation and sizing of DG.
    Keywords: solar energy ; wind energy ; energy storage ; renewable energy integration ; Europe ; advanced metering infrastructure ; data acquisition ; IEC standards ; low-cost ; open source ; power measurement ; smart meter ; uncertainty evaluation ; frequency stabilization ; coordinated control ; wind turbine generator ; high-fidelity battery model ; releasable and absorbable energy ; photovoltaic emulator ; photovoltaic panel ; single diode model ; MPPT ; FSWT-SCIG ; battery storage system ; power system stability ; synchronous generator ; hybrid system ; voltage source converter ; passivity-based control ; proportional-integral control ; voltage regulation ; bi-directional converter ; LC impedance source converter ; DC–DC power converter ; bi-directional power flow ; alternating current networks ; direct current networks ; optimal power flow ; non-linear optimization ; control of power electronic converters ; distributed generation ; mixed-integer nonlinear programming ; second-cone programming ; discrete-sine cosine algorithm ; metaheuristic optimization ; DG placement ; evolutionary algorithms ; energy management ; fuzzy controller ; power systems analysis ; interconnected power systems ; latencies ; time-delay effects ; wide area monitoring systems ; renewable energy conversion ; power conditioning devices ; renewable energy policies ; power quality ; computations methods ; control strategies ; electric vehicle charging ; energy management systems ; ancillary services ; monitoring ; prognostic and diagnostic ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).
    Keywords: climate change ; local government ; climate governance ; urban transport ; politics ; local climate action ; climate emergency ; phronesis ; practical wisdom ; crisis ; UK ; Paris Agreement ; carbon budgets ; transport ; governance ; carbon accounting ; scalar ; top-down ; bottom-up ; local governments ; critical infrastructure investment ; capacities ; political leadership attributes ; municipal organizational robustness ; Chile ; pop-up consultancy centre ; local authorities ; home renovation ; decentralised approach ; home-owner renovation journey ; business models ; multi-level governance ; informal settlements ; sanitation services ; institutional remaking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Salamanders are relevant components of many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, despite the importance of salamanders in many resource–consumer networks, their functional role remains remarkably understudied. Therefore, this volume, entitled The Ecological Role of Salamanders as Prey and Predators, provides an opportunity for researchers to highlight the new research on the ecological role of salamanders and newts in prey–predator systems, their trophic behavior, and the variability of their trophic niche in space and time. Various innovative methods, such as COI metabarcoding and network analysis, are applied in the present study to test both the classical and new hypotheses concerning the trophic ecology of salamanders and their interactions with their prey. The present volume is composed of one review and seven research papers, all of which are published after undergoing a complete and impartial peer-review process.
    Keywords: artificial cave ; ecotone ; prey-predator system ; salamanders ; Speleomantes ; subterranean habitat ; amphibia ; energy flow ; habitat coupling ; predator–prey interactions ; top–down control ; trophic cascades ; trophic ecology ; Urodela ; cave biology ; prey ; hypogean ; underground ; stygofauna ; Monolistra ; Sphaeromatidae ; Niphargus ; flatworm ; aqueduct ; seepage ; individual diet specialization ; ecological opportunity ; diet ; plethodontid ; community ecology ; Triturus ; Lissotriton ; coexisting species ; trophic niche ; niche width ; niche variation hypothesis ; amphibians ; feeding ecology ; individual specialization ; resource selection ; Hydromantes ; body condition ; biospeleology ; parental species ; size ; capture-mark-recapture ; COI ; DNA metabarcoding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, When Hayflick and Moorhead coined the term “cellular senescence” (CS) almost 60 years ago, this phenomenon was understood as a mechanism, usually induced by activation of the DNA-repair machinery, to prevent uncontrolled proliferation. Meanwhile, additional beneficial roles for CS have been identified, such as embryonic development and wound healing. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) activated in most senescent cells (SC) signals to the immune system “come here and remove me”. In organisms with young and functional immune systems, occurring SC are usually detected and removed. If SC remain in the tissue expressing the SASP, this will cause not just a damaging local inflammation but can also induce remodeling and regeneration of the surrounding tissue as well as spreading of senescence. Old organisms show reduced regenerative potential and immune function which leads to accumulation of SC. Accordingly, accumulation of SC was observed in tissues of aged individuals, but importantly also in the context of age-related disorders, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular diseases and others. Because of its detrimental effect of the surrounding tissue, accumulation of SC is not just a consequence, but can rather been understood as a major driver of aging. In line with this, recent studies described that removal of SC showed beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan. This exciting research led to the discovery of “senolytics”, drugs which can kill SC. Given the heterogeneity of cell types that show senescence-like phenotypes, including heart muscle and post-mitotic neuronal cells, further research is required to unravel the molecular background that renders a cell type vulnerable to senesce. Additionally, it will be important to understand how senescence is cell type-specifically induced and which molecules serve as drug targets to prevent senescence and its spreading, or actively kill SC. This special issue will shed light on the molecular pathways of CS and inflammaging and on possible strategies to interfere with these processes. Dr. Markus Riessland Guest Editor
    Keywords: γH2AX ; Alzheimer’s disease ; DNA damage ; mild cognitive impairment ; senescence ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ; regeneration ; homeostasis ; cellular senescence ; biology of aging ; neurodegeneration ; brain ; geroscience ; senolytics ; tauopathy ; cancer ; stress response ; post-mitotic ; neuronal senescence ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ; cell-cycle ; melanoma ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; tumor infiltration ; chemotherapy resistance ; prostate ; inflammation ; AIM2 inflammasome ; POP3 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book examines the state of the art of biosorption as an economical and environmentally friendly technique for pollutant removal in wastewater. Several articles are included that develop the applications of biosorption showing the high efficiency and versatility of this process, as well as showing recent advances in this field. Different modalities of biosorption are demonstrated from free biomass to immobilized biomass, as well as the combination of biomass with modern materials to form composites, emphasizing the significant versatility of this technique. In addition, different examples with biomasses of very different natures are also included and discussed, as are the factors that influence biosorption processes. Other contributions offer some examples of apparently useless materials that are reused and applied in the elimination of pollutants. Therefore, this book is an excellent complement for those researchers who work on biosorption as well as a starting point for those who want to begin research on this topic.
    Keywords: landfill ; leachate treatment ; POME ; removal efficiency ; mixing ratio ; biosorbent ; Ni2+ ; background electrolytes ; kinetic modeling ; biosorption ; biomass ; bioaccumulation ; biocomposite ; pollutants ; metals ; emerging organic contaminants ; dyes ; Spirulina ; alginate ; immobilization ; fixed-bed column ; Mxene–CS composite ; Cr(VI) contaminated aqueous solution ; Green Synthesis ; treatment of wastewater ; heavy metals ; citrus waste biomass ; bio-sorbent ; pre-treatment ; activated carbon ; batch adsorption ; fixed-bed adsorption column ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: A growing interest has been devoted to the development of host systems for ionic and neutral species based on calixarenes. These cyclic oligomers show important host–guest properties, which has led to numerous applications in a broad range of fields, including organocatalysis, sensing, extraction and separation, and, more recently, biomedical applications. The relative ease of the functionalization of their upper and lower rims and the presence of a pre-organized cavity that is available in different sizes and conformations make calixarenes attractive building blocks for the construction of supramolecular assemblies. This book presents the most recent developments on the host–guest properties of calixarenes, as well as the new synthetic methods and applications.
    Keywords: thiosemicarbazone ; calix[4]arene ; metal complex ; X-ray structure ; antimicrobial ; anticancer ; copper ; supramolecular ; inclusion complex ; fluorescence ; sensor ; density functional theory ; calix[3]arenes ; metacyclophanes ; calixarene-analogous metacyclophanes ; inherent chirality ; host-guest chemistry ; dihomooxacalix[4]arenes ; naphthyl(thio)urea anion receptors ; alkylammonium hydrochlorides ; ditopic receptors ; chiral recognition ; NMR studies ; UV-Vis absorption studies ; fluorescence studies ; X-ray diffraction ; DFT calculations ; calixarene ; resorcinarene ; pillararene ; antibiotic ; fungicide ; biofilm inhibition ; calixarenes ; threading ; chirality ; barfate salts ; pseudorotaxane ; chiral axles ; chiral wheels. ; calixarene-like structure ; polyoxometalates ; nitronate ; crystal structure ; host–guest chemistry ; anion receptor ; anion ; sensors ; lanthanides ; UV–vis studies ; quantum yields ; lifetime measurements ; noncovalent synthesis ; hierarchical control ; calix[4]tubes ; metallo-porphyrins ; phthalimide derivatives ; conventional synthesis ; microwave irradiation ; ball milling ; NMR spectroscopy ; electronic absorption and fluorescence studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown.
    Keywords: hydrochar ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biogas upgrading ; CO2 capture ; pressure swing adsorption ; gasification ; kinetic model ; conversion model ; reaction model ; low-rank coal ; tar absorption ; process simulation ; validation study ; sensitivity analyses ; lignite ; lignite gasification ; fluidized-bed gasifier ; olivine ; solar cooling ; solar cooling system ; TRNSYS ; absorption chiller ; performance and analysis ; solar energy ; chemical looping ; biomass gasification ; process control ; CO2 absorption ; experimental study ; energy analysis ; exergy analysis ; CSP ; PTC ; ISCC ; power plant ; CFB combustion ; operational flexibility ; load transients ; fluctuating electricity generation ; renewables ; one-dimensional SEG model ; dual fluidized bed ; sorbent deactivation ; hydrodynamics ; kinetics ; fuel feeding rate ; biomass ; thermochemical conversion technologies ; combustion ; carbon capture and storage/utilization ; solar-driven air-conditioning ; integrated solar combined cycle ; energy and exergy analyses ; thermodynamic modeling ; dynamic process simulation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Conflicts in forest management are unavoidable because of the large temporal and spatial scales characteristic of forests ecosystems and the large number of actors involved. Forests are multifunctional ecosystems par excellence, and it can be hypothesized that current public policies, and especially those labeled as societal transitions, can affect this widespread holistic management goal. In this Special Issue, the different contributions by the authors raise the questions of how different types of conflicts arise and what alternatives exist to solve those conflicts. The Issue contains examples from both temperate and tropical forests and addresses, for instance, conflicts arising from REDD+ programs, the declaration of new protected areas, the complexity of negotiating carbon offset targets, the loss of local knowledge because of demographic trends, and meeting biodiversity and biomass targets simultaneously, among others. We present a general typology of sources of conflicts because of two dimensions: a vertical dimension represented by bottom-up versus top-down approaches and a horizontal dimension arising by ecosystem extent and ownership boundaries. Awareness that new policies can be a source of unexpected conflicts calls for precaution while testing new ‘transition’ approaches.
    Keywords: forest planning and management ; rural community sustainability ; ecosystem services ; forest sociology ; forestry in the media ; forest vulnerability ; adaptive capacity ; multiple-use land management ; conflicting perspectives ; natural processes ; high-yield silviculture ; forest management ; multifunctionality ; carbon offset ; collective action ; conflict avoidance ; mitigation ; payment for ecosystem services ; social-ecological ; France ; protected areas establishment ; stakeholder participation ; landscape protection ; qualitative research ; Soutok Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) ; REDD+ ; conflict ; forests ; land tenure ; political ecology ; ecological unit ; synergy/trade-off ; spatial structure ; attribute characteristics ; forest sustainability ; production forests ; environment forests ; carbon credit ; retention approach ; common-pool resource management ; local vs. global ; economic oligopoly ; panacea paradigm ; renewable energy ; sectoral organization ; CHANS ; globalization ; historical data ; socio-ecological frameworks ; dry-edge ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.
    Keywords: bedding fractures ; failure criterion ; lamina ; tight oil ; tight sandstone ; finite element simulation ; numerical simulation ; unconventional reservoir ; permeability ; group method of data handling ; artificial neural network ; well logs ; sensitivity analysis ; tight gas reservoir ; multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) ; unstable productivity model ; productivity forecast ; influencing factor analysis ; horizontal well with multiple finite-conductivity fractures ; elliptical-shaped drainage ; productivity index ; non-Darcy flow ; pressure-dependent conductivity ; reservoir properties ; void space structure ; porosity ; complex rocks ; NMR ; MICP ; CT ; SEM ; coal-bearing tight sandstone ; organic-rich clasts ; occurrence ; classifications ; formation mechanisms ; Ordos Basin ; hydraulic fracturing ; fracturing fluids ; fluids-rock interaction ; environmental implication ; history matching ; semianalytic model ; unconventional gas reservoirs ; multistage fractured horizontal wells ; fractal theory ; pore structure ; heterogeneity ; NMR measurements ; multifractal analysis ; shale reservoir ; elastic properties ; brittleness ; rock physics ; brittle spot identification ; shale gas ; reservoir characteristics ; gas content ; eastern Sichuan Basin ; the Da’anzhai member ; pulse decay method ; gas adsorption ; dual media ; unconventional core ; natural fracture ; influencing factor ; oil production ; carbonate rock ; basement reservoir ; Jizhong Sub-basin ; dynamic pore network modeling ; shale reservoirs ; water imbibition ; discrete element method ; modified fluid-mechanical coupling algorithm ; injection sequence ; well spacing ; stress shadow effect ; seismic location ; microseismic events ; waveform stacking ; induced seismicity ; CBM ; surfactant ; solid-free drilling fluid ; CBM reservoir wettability ; machine learning ; lithofacies ; umiat ; Alaska ; proppant transportation ; cross fractures ; CFD simulation ; dimensional analysis ; equilibrium proppant height ; coalbed methane ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; gas diffusion ; adsorption–desorption ; pore-scale ; clay minerals ; pore structures ; tight gas reservoirs ; Xujiaweizi Rift ; Northern Songliao Basin ; methane adsorption isotherm ; coal properties ; gradient boosting decision tree ; estimation model ; shale gas reservoir ; geology ; Gibbs excess adsorption ; supercritical adsorption ; gas viscosity ; high voltage spark discharge ; electrohydraulic effect ; electrical conductivity ; drilling ; rock damage ; pressure waves ; water fracturing ; turbulence effect ; Eulerian multiphase modeling ; proppant transport mechanism ; equilibrium height prediction model ; adaptive filtering ; complex noise canceling ; electromagnetic telemetry ; multifractured horizontal wells ; production analysis ; irregular stimulated region ; natural gas hydrate ; seismic modeling ; fractional derivatives ; gas geochemical characteristics ; noble gas ; shale gas evolution ; Large Igneous Province (LIP) ; gas loss ; geological structure ; gas controlling pattern ; neutral surface ; tectonic movement ; Bumu region ; seismic interpretation ; depositional environments characteristics ; Wheeler diagram ; seismic attributes ; heterogeneous sequence ; sample size ; neutron scattering ; mercury injection capillary pressure ; adsorption ; shale ; junggar basin ; hong-che fault zone ; carboniferous ; volcanic reservoir ; main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation ; fracture ; vug ; micro CT ; carbonate ; wave velocity ; amorphous SiO2 ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ; scanning electron microscope ; quantitative analysis ; void ratio ; FEM ; ABAQUS ; matrix porosity ; kerogen porosity ; water saturation ; gas hydrate ; saturation ; deep learning ; recurrent neural network ; molecular simulation ; enhanced oil recovery ; methane ; shale petroleum ; technological development ; patent ; network analysis ; imbibition ; osmosis ; unconventional formations ; EOR ; water flooding ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue (SI) on “Land Degradation Assessment with Earth Observation” comprises 17 original research papers with a focus on land degradation in arid, semiarid and dry-subhumid areas (i.e., desertification) in addition to temperate rangelands, grasslands, woodlands and the humid tropics. The studies cover different spatial, spectral and temporal scales and employ a wealth of different optical and radar sensors. Some studies incorporate time-series analysis techniques that assess the general trend of vegetation or the timing and duration of the reduction in biological productivity caused by land degradation. As anticipated from the latest trend in Earth Observation (EO) literature, some studies utilize the cloud-computing infrastructure of Google Earth Engine to cope with the unprecedented volume of data involved in current methodological approaches. This SI clearly demonstrates the ever-increasing relevance of EO technologies when it comes to assessing and monitoring land degradation. With the recently published IPCC Reports informing us of the severe impacts and risks to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide, the EO scientific community has a clear obligation to increase its efforts to address any remaining gaps—some of which have been identified in this SI—and produce highly accurate and relevant land-degradation assessment and monitoring tools.
    Keywords: bfast ; Mann–Kendall ; Sen’s slope ; East Africa ; NDVI ; breakpoint analysis ; vegetation trends ; greening ; browning ; Kenya ; Uganda ; trend analysis ; land use ; land cover ; spatial heterogeneity ; mining development ; geographically weighted regression (GWR) ; Mann-Kendall ; arid and semi-arid areas ; salinization ; irrigated systems ; Niger River basin ; salinity index ; vegetation index ; TI-NDVI ; Sentinel-2 images ; high temporal resolution ; wind erosion modeling ; RWEQ ; GEE ; central Asia ; spatial-temporal variation ; land degradation ; archetypes ; self-organizing maps ; drivers ; savannah ; Nigeria ; reference levels ; REDD+ ; greenhouse gas emissions ; Xishuangbanna ; monitoring and reporting ; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) ; drought ; land use-land cover ; remote sensing ; Botswana ; developing countries ; Google Earth Engine ; Landsat time series analysis ; semi-arid areas ; sustainable land management programmes ; precipitation ; breakpoints and timeseries analysis ; ecosystem structural change ; BFAST ; land degradation neutrality ; SDG ; land productivity ; Landsat ; vegetation-precipitation relationship ; soil organic carbon ; Kobresia pygmaea community ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; Gaofen satellite ; spatial distribution ; aridity index ; satellite-based aridity index ; remote sensing index ; salinized land degradation index (SDI) ; Amu Darya delta (ADD) ; satellite imagery ; gully mapping ; machine learning ; random forest ; support vector machines ; South Africa ; semi-arid environment ; shrub encroachment ; slangbos ; Earth observation ; time series ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) ; Kyrgyzstan ; pastures ; MODIS ; land surface phenology ; drought impacts ; drought adaptation ; drought index ; vegetation resilience ; drought vulnerability ; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index ; AVHRR ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Nowadays, forecast applications are receiving unprecedent attention thanks to their capability to improve the decision-making processes by providing useful indications. A large number of forecast approaches related to different forecast horizons and to the specific problem that have to be predicted have been proposed in recent scientific literature, from physical models to data-driven statistic and machine learning approaches. In this Special Issue, the most recent and high-quality researches about forecast are collected. A total of nine papers have been selected to represent a wide range of applications, from weather and environmental predictions to economic and management forecasts. Finally, some applications related to the forecasting of the different phases of COVID in Spain and the photovoltaic power production have been presented.
    Keywords: Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) ; IFS/ECMWF ; forecast ; evaluation ; DNI attenuation Index (DAI) ; bias correction ; nowcast ; meteorological radar data ; optical flow ; deep learning ; Bates–Granger weights ; uniform weights ; (REG) ARIMA ; ETS ; Hodrick–Prescott trend ; Google Trends indices ; Himalayan region ; streamflow forecast verification ; persistence ; snow-fed rivers ; intermittent rivers ; costumer relation management ; business to business sales prediction ; machine learning ; predictive modeling ; microsoft azure machine-learning service ; travel time forecasting ; time series ; bus service ; transit systems ; sustainable urban mobility plan ; bus travel time ; learning curve ; forecasting ; production cost ; cost estimating ; semi-empirical model ; logistic map ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; PV output power estimation ; PV-load decoupling ; behind-the-meter PV ; baseline prediction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Climate change is becoming visible today, and so this book—through including innovative solutions and experimental research as well as state-of-the-art studies in challenging areas related to sustainable energy development based on hybrid energy systems that combine renewable energy systems with fuel cells—represents a useful resource for researchers in these fields. In this context, hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the alternative solutions for the development of future clean energy systems. As this book presents the latest solutions, readers working in research areas related to the above are invited to read it.
    Keywords: fuel cell powered vehicle ; medium- and heavy-duty trucks ; component sizing ; ownership cost ; optimization ; hybrid power systems ; renewable energy sources ; fuel cell systems ; required-power-following control ; fuel economy ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; fault ride-through ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic system ; wind energy conversion ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; hydrogen economy ; fueling flows control ; global extremum seeking ; load following ; matlab ; simulink ; real-time capability ; dynamic fuel cell model ; electricity distribution networks ; optimal capacitor allocation ; Genetic Algorithm ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; Bat Algorithm ; Whale Algorithm ; Sperm-Whale Algorithm ; alternative energy ; energy efficiency ; fuel cell ; hydrogen energy ; stationary application ; electrical vehicle ; AC charging station in mode 3 ; PLC ; steam methane reforming ; steam methanol reforming ; electrical efficiency ; exergy efficiency ; LNG ; Stirling engine ; solar concentrator ; automation system ; human–machine interface ; sensors ; direct methanol fuel cell ; multi stacks ; portable power ; energy management system ; Internet of Things ; long-term ; in-field test ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book gathers reviews and articles on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer underlying the pharmacological targeting of the O-GlcNAcylation enzymes OGT and OGA as a promising anticancer strategy. Particular attention is paid to the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of transcription and as a link between nutrition and epigenetic dynamics or cellular energy metabolism. The role of O-GlcNAcylation in metastasis, immune responses, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is also discussed.
    Keywords: UNC5A ; O-GlcNAcylation ; OGT ; EZH2 ; nutrition ; epigenetics ; colon cancer ; transcription ; O-GlcNAc ; O-GlcNAc transferase ; O-GlcNAcase ; mOGT ; mitochondria ; glucose ; energy metabolism ; breast cancer ; cellular stress ; cancer ; immune surveillance ; invasiveness ; lung adenocarcinoma ; SAM68 ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The present volume “New Trends in Lithium Niobate: From Bulk to Nanocrystals” contains the materials of a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Crystals dedicated to the memory of Prof. Dr. Ortwin F. Schirmer and provides a new synopsis of his research focusing on LiNbO3. It also includes recent developments, exemplifying the continued interest in this outstanding ferroelectric, non-linear optical and holographic crystal as a workhorse for testing and realizing new ideas and applications.This book starts with reviews on intrinsic and extrinsic crystal defects in LiNbO3 of single-crystal, thin-film or nano-powder forms, studied by various optical, magnetic resonance and nuclear methods, clarifying in particular the reasons for the suppression of anion vacancy formation upon thermal reduction, mechano-chemical processing or irradiations of various types. The reviews are followed by research papers on the experimental and theoretical investigation of small polarons, together with recent results on the properties of Li(Nb,Ta)O3 mixed crystals. Among the various contributions dealing with nonlinear optical applications, papers on device development, entangled photon pair generation and thin films on the Lithium Niobate On Insulator (LNOI) platform can also be found.
    Keywords: lithium niobate ; small polaron hopping ; transient absorption ; mode-locked laser ; nonlinear mirror mode locking ; lithium tantalate ; crystal structure ; chemical composition ; ferroelectrics ; second harmonic generation ; lead-free piezoelectrics ; intrinsic defects ; extrinsic defects ; elemental doping ; ferromagnetism ; diluted-magnetic oxides ; LiNbO3 ; LiTaO3 ; oxide crystals ; lanthanides ; luminescence ; LNOI ; ferroelectric domains ; domain-wall conduction ; AFM ; thin film lithium niobate ; TFLN ; x-cut LN ; domain walls ; piezoresponse force microscopy ; second-harmonic generation ; Raman scattering ; electro-optics ; whispering gallery resonators ; polarons ; photorefractivity ; Marcus-Holstein’s theory ; Monte Carlo simulations ; strontium titanate ; self-trapped electrons ; oxygen vacancies ; defects ; impurity ; intrinsic defect ; paramagnetic ion ; electron paramagnetic resonance ; electron nuclear double resonance ; lithium vacancy ; lithium ; niobate ; epitaxy ; thin film ; liquid phase epitaxy ; molecular beam epitaxy ; sputtering ; pulsed laser deposition ; chemical vapor deposition ; lithium niobate-tantalate ; piezoelectric ; acoustic ; high-temperature ; sensor ; Q-factor ; BAW resonator ; parametric down-conversion ; photon-pair generation ; extended phase matching ; microring resonator ; varFDTD ; lithium tantalate thin film ; electro-optical devices ; lattice location ; radiation damage ; ion beam analysis ; hyperfine interactions ; charge localization ; lattice deformation ; optical response ; density-functional theory ; Bethe-Salpeter equation ; nanoparticles ; nanopowders ; X-ray diffraction ; Raman spectroscopy ; temperature dependence of electroconductivity ; bipolarons ; defect structure and generation ; Li diffusion ; bulk crystals ; thin films ; nanocrystals ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin which experienced different natural and anthropogenic phenomena causes of community or intra-species changes over time. The Mediterranean Sea went through dramatic changes in its biota through the last 6 million years and more quickly in the recent century. All the events left a footprint on the gene pool of marine species, on their morpho-anatomical features, and on the loss or expansion of the geographical range extent. Nowadays the Mediterranean basin is changing its physical and ecological characteristics. The changes in its environmental conditions are followed by changes in its species composition and have been recorded in historical museum collections. In this book, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea is described at a synchronic or diachronic level, highlighting the past two centuries for which museum collections can provide overlooked information.
    Keywords: Mediterranean Sea ; mtDNA ; control region ; swordfish ; Monachus monachus ; Mediterranean monk seal ; mitochondrial DNA ; Adriatic Sea ; endangered species ; biodiversity ; climate change ; herbaria ; macroalgae collections ; chondrichthyans ; conservation ; fishing ; historical ecology ; Annelida ; Polychaeta ; benthos ; community structure ; algae ; environmental changes ; historical data ; benthic communities ; biomonitoring ; taxonomy ; museum collections ; environmental heritage ; marine mammals ; cetacean strandings ; natural history museums ; zoological collections ; Mediterranean biodiversity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Predation and scavenging are pervasive ecological interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The ecology, evolution and conservation of predators and scavengers have received wide scientific attention and public awareness. However, the close connection that exists between predation and scavenging has not been emphasized until very recently. The recognition that carnivorous animals may obtain meat by either hunting prey or scavenging their carcasses has profound implications from individual behavior to population, community and ecosystem levels. However, many relevant questions still remain unexplored. This book deals with some of these questions, with the final aim to definitively dismiss the traditional view that predation and scavenging are disconnected ecological processes. This compendium of science may help to inspire ecologists, evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, forensic scientists, anatomists, and, of course, conservation biologists in their stimulating and promising endeavor of achieving a more comprehensive understanding of carnivory in a rapidly changing world.
    Keywords: caching ; Capreolus capreolus ; carrion ; Eurasian lynx ; Lynx lynx ; Norway ; predation ; roe deer ; scavenging ; decomposition ; nitrogen ; nutrient recycling ; trophic cascade ; apex predators ; bear ; interspecific interactions ; moose ; wolf ; birds of prey ; foraging ; predators ; scavengers ; vision ; carcass ; confrontational scavenging ; disease risk ; facultative scavenger ; landscape of peril ; marine ecosystems ; parasite risk ; predator risk ; terrestrial ecosystems ; anthropogenic food ; diet ; urban habitats ; ecological functions ; carnivorous ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The development of civilization entails the need to find new technological solutions leading to products with new properties. Allies in these efforts are microorganisms that have developed skills to synthesize products with properties of interest to the industry, environmental remediation or water treatment. The evolution of the omics approaches brought new tools to explore the microbial diversity and microorganisms’ potential. These new methodological approaches are readily used in both industrial and environmental microbiology. This Special Issue collects research papers as well as review articles addressing recent advances on applied and environmental microbiology. The review articles critically discuss the importance of biopolymers, specifically xanthan gum, to improve soil properties and the importance that microorganisms of poorly explored environments, such as caves, may have in the production of new bioactive compounds. The microbiological aspects of wastewater treatment and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater and sludge are studied in two research papers. These works demonstrate the effect that treatment conditions may have in the modulation of the water bacterial communities and how treated wastewater may impact the receiving environment in terms of pollution with antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, the influence that an invasive species (alligator weed) may have on wetlands organic matter accumulation and bacterial communities was studied, being demonstrated that the presence of the invasive weed affects the wetland microhabitat both in terms of organic matter content and bacterial communities structure.
    Keywords: Alternanthera philoxeroide ; bacterial composition ; organic matter ; wetland ; antibiotic resistance ; wastewater ; WWTP ; ARGs ; sulfonamides ; fluoroquinolones ; intermittent aeration ; TSS-rich meat-processing wastewater ; extracellular polymeric substances ; complete denitrification ; microbial structure ; karst ; methane ; carbon dioxide ; greenhouse gases ; methanotrophy ; cave bacteria ; bioactive compounds ; geotechnical engineering ; microbiology ; biopolymer ; bioclogging ; xanthan gum ; soil improvement ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The future food systems will have to provide food and nutrition security while facing unprecedented sustainability challenges: this underlines the need for a transition to more sustainable food systems. Taking into account these premises and considering the complexity of food systems, this book aims to present original research articles, reviews, and commentaries concerning the following:Advancements in food and beverage;Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional food;Food allergy and public health;Food and nutritional toxicology;Food biotechnology and food processing;Food microbiology and food safety;Food packaging;Food safety and food inspection;Food security and environmental impacts;Food waste management;Nutrition and metabolism;Sustainable food systems and agro-ecological food production.
    Keywords: perceived consumer effectiveness ; green food consumption ; social trust theory ; social ideal theory ; psychological wellbeing ; China ; food additives ; food industry ; food safety ; health impacts ; maltitol ; metabolism ; sweeteners ; consumer’s perceptions and attitudes ; food security ; natural food products ; natural sweeteners ; sustainability ; food sovereignty ; reindeer herding ; food value chain ; Indigenous peoples ; COVID-19 pandemic ; the Arctic ; Western Siberia ; Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ; epistemic trust ; risk perception ; genetically modified food ; public acceptance ; partial least squares structural equation modeling ; community-based intervention ; diet ; home food availability ; home food environment ; sugar sweetened beverages ; fruit and vegetable intake ; Mediterranean diet ; Mediterranean diet pyramid ; sustainable diets ; environmental concerns ; nutrition ; food-based dietary guidelines ; migrants ; diabetes ; food habits ; culturally tailored diet ; transcultural mediator ; café ; green ambience ; Delphi method ; indicator design ; grain production ; spatial–temporal characteristic ; influencing factors ; the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain ; Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia ; nutritional value ; phenolic profile ; chicoric acid ; antioxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; Brazil ; community restaurants ; food handlers ; food insecurity ; low-income ; COVID-19 ; families ; children ; food acquisition ; restaurants ; biofilms ; food microbiology ; dietary guidelines ; Mediterranean ; the USA ; Japan ; Argentina ; South Africa ; egg quality traits ; ginger ; immunity ; Japanese quail performance ; halal food performance ; availability ; healthy/nutritional factor ; accreditation ; clean/safe/hygiene factor ; trust ; attachment ; halal-friendly image ; retention ; muslim travelers ; Escherichia coli ; bacterial retention ; surface topographies ; meat exudate ; wipe cleaning ; conditioning film ; Cape Verde ; cereals ; metals ; dietary intake ; risk assessment ; Indigenous health ; food systems ; colonialism ; community-based ; participatory ; n/a ; dysphagia ; the elderly ; food products ; processing ; rheology ; texture ; capital endowment ; ecological cognition ; environment-friendly technology ; adoption level ; Hackman model ; environmental health ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Agricultural practices involving the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides pose major risks to the environment and to human health. The development and adoption of sustainable ecofriendly agricultural management to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agricultural Practices—Impact on Soil Quality and Plant Health” is a collection of 10 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and its positive impact on soil quality. The content of this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics, including the use of beneficial soil microbes, intercropping, organic farming and its effects on soil bacteria and nutrient stocks, application of plant-based nematicides and zeolite amendments, sustainability in CH4 emissions, and the effect of irrigation, fertilization, and environmental conditions as well as land suitability on crop production.
    Keywords: natural substances ; nematicidal ; root-knot nematodes ; oregano ; soil amendments ; basic substances ; PCA ; land capability ; crop suitability ; GIS ; NWCE ; Egypt ; microbial inoculants ; soil enzyme activities ; soil microbes ; 16S rRNA ; planting pattern ; soil chemical properties ; soil microbial community ; genotype × environment interaction ; maize ; yield ; soil amelioration ; resource use efficiency ; water conservation ; nutrient retention ; heavy metal toxicity ; Cucumis melo L. ; chemical composition ; cultivar ; drip irrigation ; fruit quality ; long term field experiment ; sustainable crop production ; nutrient balances ; legume nutrition ; drained peat ; greenhouse gas ; global warming ; organic soil ; pineapple ; water table ; AMF ; enzyme activity ; microbial communities ; PGPR ; plant growth ; PLFAs ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue is designed to celebrate the founding of the open-access journal Oceans and is focused on presenting new ideas and advances at the cutting edge of ocean science. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to: ocean geosciences, physics, biogeochemistry, and ecology; ocean ecosystem services and sustainable ocean resource use; and ocean operations and engineering. The fifteen articles published in this Special Issue focus on diverse areas of oceanography, including ocean ecology and biology, ocean geosciences, ocean climate and meteorology, ocean circulation, ocean chemistry and biogeochemistry, ocean resources (e.g., fisheries, aquaculture, and mining), ocean engineering, ocean modeling and ocean governance.
    Keywords: SIDS ; UN Member States ; sustainable development goal 14 ; SAMOA pathway ; capacity building ; scientific infrastructure ; IAEA ; ocean challenges ; nuclear and isotopic techniques ; ecology ; oceanography ; Portugal ; abundance rate ; nursery ; common dolphin ; Delphinus delphis ; phytoplankton ; zooplankton ; time series ; regime shift ; climate ; nutrients ; composite ; delamination ; seawater ; immersion ; ageing ; Black Sea ; biogeochemical modelling ; seasonal phytoplankton and inter-annual variation ; capture–recapture ; Cayman Islands ; Seychelles ; monitoring ; endangered species ; maximum number of individuals ; photo-identification ; mark-recapture ; movement ecology ; phosphorus ; polyphosphates ; pyrophosphate ; pyrophosphatase activity ; seaweed ; Ulva ; ras al hadd oceanic dipole ; arabian sea ; cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies ; altimetric data ; angular momentum eddy detection and tracking algorithm (AMEDA) ; HYCOM model ; ARGO floats ; carbon cycle ; tropical Atlantic ; dissolved inorganic carbon ; alkalinity ; Demerara Rise ; millennial-scale variability ; Late Quaternary paleoclimate ; seafloor mapping ; vulnerable deep-sea habitats ; deep-sea corals ; chemosynthesis-based communities ; vulnerable marine ecosystem ; Atlantic Ocean ; seismic faults ; slope instabilities ; submarine volcanism ; fluid-flow processes ; bottom currents ; tsunamis ; canyon heads ; tectonic indentation ; multidisciplinary approach ; carbon ; eutrophic ; Hiroshima Bay ; nitrogen ; sulfur ; sediment ; ocean forecasting ; reflexivity ; fisheries ; harmful algal blooms ; coupled natural-human systems ; Anthropocene ocean ; shark ; luminescence ; Etmopteridae ; Dalatiidae ; Somniosidae ; photophore ; hormonal control ; counter-illumination ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The topics of the book cover forest parameter estimation, methods to assess land cover and change, forest disturbances and degradation, and forest soil drought estimations. Airborne laser scanner data, aerial images, as well as data from passive and active sensors of different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions have been utilized. Parametric and non-parametric methods including machine and deep learning methods have been employed. Uncertainty estimation is a key topic in each study. In total, 15 articles are included, of which one is a review article dealing with methods employed in remote sensing aided greenhouse gas inventories, and one is the Editorial summary presenting a short review of each article.
    Keywords: forest structure change ; EBLUP ; small area estimation ; multitemporal LiDAR and stand-level estimates ; forest cover ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; data fusion ; machine-learning ; Germany ; South Africa ; temperate forest ; savanna ; classification ; Sentinel 2 ; land use land cover ; improved k-NN ; logistic regression ; random forest ; support vector machine ; statistical estimator ; IPCC good practice guidelines ; activity data ; emissions factor ; removals factor ; Picea crassifolia Kom ; compatible equation ; nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression ; error-in-variable modeling ; leave-one-out cross-validation ; digital surface model ; digital terrain model ; canopy height model ; constrained neighbor interpolation ; ordinary neighbor interpolation ; point cloud density ; stereo imagery ; remotely sensed LAI ; field measured LAI ; validation ; magnitude ; uncertainty ; temporal dynamics ; state space models ; forest disturbance mapping ; near real-time monitoring ; CUSUM ; NRT monitoring ; deforestation ; degradation ; tropical forest ; tropical peat ; forest type ; deep learning ; FCN8s ; CRFasRNN ; GF2 ; dual-FCN8s ; random forests ; error propagation ; bootstrapping ; Landsat ; LiDAR ; La Rioja ; forest area change ; data assessment ; uncertainty evaluation ; inconsistency ; forest monitoring ; drought ; time series satellite data ; Bowen ratio ; carbon flux ; boreal forest ; windstorm damage ; synthetic aperture radar ; C-band ; genetic algorithm ; multinomial logistic regression ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Mixed cropping, also known as inter-cropping or co-cultivation, is a plant production system that involves planting two or more species (or cultivars) in the same field in a variable order—row or rowless—simultaneously. Mixed cropping plays an important role in sustainable agriculture by adding value to crop rotations and agroecosystems. Scientific investigations on environmentally friendly mixed cropping should be supported by studies on the direct costs and long-term benefits that are the most relevant to farmers. Meeting the need to strengthen the scientific basis for mixed crops, the papers in this Special Issue enhance our understanding of the following: The selection of species and cultivars for a mixed crop system as well as the choice of agricultural treatments that will secure a stable yield of mixtures; Inter- and intra- species competition of plants in a canopy; Ecological intensification approaches and opportunities for maximizing crop performance and yield in mixtures; The effects of mixed crops on crop rotations; The short- and long-term ecosystem benefits of mixtures; The effects on pests and the biodiversity of agroecosystems provided by mixtures; The economic aspects of adopting the mixtures in farms; The nutritive value of mixtures for livestock; Other topics related to the mixed cropping.
    Keywords: barley ; oats ; triticale ; yield ; leaf area index ; land equivalent ratio ; standard gross margin ; brachiaria ; cereal-livestock production ; perception ; push-pull technology ; smallholder farmers ; proximity effect ; border effect ; neighbor effect ; strip intercropping ; legume ; cereals ; Hordeum vulgare ; Lolium multiflorum ; phosphorus ; water stress ; competition indices ; plant development stages ; spring cereal mixtures ; grain yield ; protein yield ; metabolic energy yield ; differentiations of cereal mixture ; sustainable agriculture ; maize ; Zea mays L. ; biodiversity ; intercropping ; silage ; growth ; quality ; non-legume ; mixed crop ; herbivores ; pest population ; natural enemy ; cereal–legume mixture ; common vetch ; cultivar ; soil quality ; cereal-legume mixture ; organic farming ; conventional farming ; leaf greenness index ; seed yield ; yield components ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: p38 Mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) are a group of evolutionary conserved protein kinases which are central for cell adaptation to environmental changes as well as for immune response, inflammation, tissue regeneration and tumour formation. The interest in this group of protein kinases has grown continually since their discovery. Recent studies using new genetic and pharmacological tools are providing helpful information on the function of these stress-activated protein kinases and show that they have an acute impact on the development of prevalent diseases related to inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this Special Issue we present novel advances and review the knowledge on the identification of p38MAPK substrates, functions, and regulation; mechanisms underlying the role of p38MAPK in malignant transformation and other pathologies; and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of p38MAPK activity.
    Keywords: arginine methylation ; erythroid differentiation ; MKK3 ; phosphorylation, PRMT1 ; p38 MAPK ; cocaine ; conditioned place preference ; reward ; stress ; anxiety ; depression ; nucleus accumbens ; social interaction ; k opioid receptors ; p38α ; Rab5 ; endosome ; Alzheimer’s ; Lewy Bodies ; amyloid-β ; tau ; α-synuclein ; p38-MAPK α inhibitor ; Alzheimer’s disease ; synaptic plasticity ; neuroinflammation ; β-amyloid ; Tau ; Kv4.2 ; seizure ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; hippocampus ; neuronal firing and excitability ; p38MAPK ; nuclear translocation ; β-like importins ; inflammation ; cancer ; skeletal muscle ; energy metabolism ; signal transduction ; exercise ; type 2 diabetes ; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ; bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis ; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ; RNA sequencing ; alveolar epithelial type II cells ; MAPK ; p38 ; physiology ; metabolism ; signaling ; hypoxia ; arrhythmia ; MAPK11 ; p38β ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The book collects nine original contributions in the field of integrated geophysical methods for the characterization and modeling of shallow aquifers. The first contribution introduces the following eight contributions into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution integrates seismic and electrical techniques to define geometry and identify the transient groundwater features in a coastal alluvial aquifer. The third contribution assesses the effectiveness of electrical and electromagnetic techniques to study the geometry of a thick carbonate aquifer. The fourth contribution couples electrical techniques with implicit modeling tools to characterize the geometry and saltwater intrusion in a coastal alluvial aquifers. The fifth contribution combines electrical techniques and datasets from borehole logs to analyze the inner geometry of a gravel-bed ephemeral stream. The sixth contribution uses electromagnetic and seismic techniques to evaluate the groundwater resource in a coastal town hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. The seventh contribution uses geophysical and hydrochemical data to assess groundwater contamination in an industrial chemical complex. The eighth contribution compiles and examines different geophysical prospecting surveys of interest in groundwater research in a large urban area. The ninth contribution uses electrical and electromagnetic techniques to assess surface water and shallow groundwater salinity in a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem.
    Keywords: multichannel analysis of surface waves ; electrical resistivity tomography ; time-lapse inversion ; aquifer geometry ; groundwater-dependent ecosystem ; Santo André Lagoon ; Portugal ; Jurassic dolomite aquifer ; seismic reflection ; time-domain electromagnetic ; loma de Úbeda ; Spain ; managed aquifer recharge ; saltwater intrusion ; soil aquifer treatment ; sustainable development goal 6 ; deposition patterns ; climate change ; ephemeral gravel-bed stream ; borehole samples ; urban hydrogeology ; hydrogeological map ; ground penetrating radar ; groundwater resource evaluation ; Adra town ; groundwater ; contamination ; time-space ; geophysics ; hydrochemistry ; geophysical prospecting techniques ; groundwater research ; urban water supply ; Metropolitan District of Quito ; Ecuador ; Everglades National Park (ENP) ; electrical resistivity ; electromagnetism ; formation factor ; salinity and constrained inversion ; n/a ; dipole-dipole ; fractures ; saprolite ; pumping well ; Federal district of Brazil ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The devastating effects caused by the recent catastrophic earthquakes that took place all over the world from Japan, New Zealand, to Chile, as well as those occurring in the Mediterranean basin, have once again shown that ground motion, although a serious source of direct damage, is not the only parameter to be considered, with most damage being the result of coseismic geological effects that are directly connected to the earthquake source or caused by ground shaking. The primary environmental effects induced by earthquakes as well as the secondary effects (sensu Environmental Seismic Intensity - ESI 2007 scale) must be considered for a more correct and complete evaluation of seismic hazards, at both regional and local scales. This Special Issue aims to collect all contributions that, using different methodologies, integrate new data produced with multi-disciplinary and innovative methods. These methodologies are essential for the identification and characterization of seismically active areas, and for the development of new hazard models, obtained using different survey techniques. The topic attracted a lot of interest, 19 peer-reviewed articles were collected; moreover, different areas of the world have been analyzed through these methodologies: Italy, USA, Spain, Australia, Ecuador, Guatemala, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, China, Japan, and Nepal.
    Keywords: Arctic–Asian seismic belt ; regional segment ; active fault ; paleoseismogenic structure ; Late Cenozoic deformation ; earthquake mechanism ; seismotectonic deformation ; potential seismicity ; earthquake hazard ; DIC ; CPO ; model selection ; Pohang earthquake ; South Korea ; ground effects ; liquefaction ; geological control ; fault barrier ; seismic hazard ; earthquake hazards ; ESI scale 2007 ; EEE database ; microtremor H/V spectral ratio ; inversion ; shear-wave velocity structure ; site amplification ; Ulaanbaatar ; earthquake environmental effects ; Suusamyr earthquake ; Kyrgyzstan ; Tien Shan ; surface rupture ; landslide ; digital elevation model (DEM) ; Structure-from-Motion ; earthquake-induced landslide ; fully probabilistic technique ; Newmark’s method ; Sakhalin Island ; risk ; machine learning ; expert estimate ; maximum possible magnitudes of earthquakes ; one class classification ; seismic zoning ; earthquake forecasting ; paleoliquefaction ; paleoearthquake ; ESI-07 scale ; earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) ; earthquake archaeological effects (EAEs) ; intensity maps ; seismic scenarios ; earthquake catalogues ; Spain ; emergency shelter ; earthquake ; disaster ; weighted coefficient ; suitability analysis ; geographic information systems (GIS) ; catalog incompleteness ; coseismic landslides ; macroseismic intensity ; Pedernales earthquake ; Ecuador ; georisk ; probabilistic seismic hazard ; ESI scale ; ground-shaking map ; Guatemala ; Intraplate earthquake ; Australian earthquakes ; reverse earthquake ; ESI 2007 scale ; historical and recent earthquakes ; attenuation ; GMPE ; crustal model ; MMI ; intraplate region ; mass movements ; inventory map ; amalgamation ; earth observation (EO) ; spatial resolution ; in situ tests ; laboratory tests ; soil liquefaction ; cyclic triaxial tests ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book collects contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics" of the journal Symmetry. These contributions focus on recent advancements in the study of PT–invariance of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of relativistic and non-relativisitc systems, duality transformations for power–law potentials and conformal transformations. New aspects on the spreading of wave packets are also discussed.
    Keywords: non-Hermitian quantum dynamics ; unitary vicinity of exceptional points ; degenerate perturbation theory ; Hilbert-space geometry near EPs ; relativistic wave equation ; Klein–Gordon equation ; Dirac equation ; Proca equation ; supersymmetry ; quantum mechanics ; shape invariance ; curved space ; position-dependent mass ; supersymmetric quantum mechanics ; self-adjoint extensions ; infinite square well ; contact potentials ; power-law duality ; classical and quantum mechanics ; semiclassical quantization ; quark confinement ; spreading wave function ; scattering ; localization ; Klein–Gordon oscillator ; Green’s function ; semiclassical theories and applications ; classical general relativity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Biosensors are analytical devices capable of providing quantitative or semi-quantitative information by using a biological recognition element and a transducer. Depending upon the nature of the recognition element, different surface sensitive techniques can be applied to monitor these molecular interactions. In order to increase sensitivities and to lower detection limits down to even individual molecules, nanomaterials are promising candidates. This is possible due to the potential to immobilize more bioreceptor units at reduced volumes and their ability to act as transduction elements by themselves. Among such nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphene are intensively studied. Biosensors provide rapid, real-time, accurate, and reliable information about the analyte under investigation and have been envisioned in a wide range of analytical applications, including medicine, food safety, bioprocessing, environmental/industrial monitoring, and electronics. A variety of biosensors, such as optical, spectroscopic, molecular, thermal, and piezoelectric, have been studied and applied in countless fields. In this book, examples of spectroscopic and optical biosensors and immunoassays are presented. Furthermore, two comprehensive reviews on optical biosensors are included
    Keywords: brain tumour diagnosis ; classification ; forward feature extraction algorithm ; intraoperative use ; Raman spectroscopy ; Raman probe ; SERS on ultrafine solid supports ; glass coverslips ; BPE ; thiol-DNA probe ; annealed gold nanostructures ; Brucella abortus ; Brucella melitensis ; Brucella suis ; optical fiber ; biosensor ; nucleotide probe ; light transmission ; diagnosis ; silver nanoparticles ; synthesis ; coating ; alloy ; core@shell ; LSPR ; biosensors ; water pollution ; environmental water ; drinking water ; milk ; heavy metal ions ; detection limits ; optical spectroscopy ; proteins ; functional nucleic acids ; flow-through immunoassay ; lateral flow immunoassay ; food allergen ; multiplex ; smartphone analysis ; carbon nanoparticle labeling ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales.
    Keywords: microfacies types ; Pantokrator Limestones ; Vigla Formation ; Senonian calciturbidites ; Eocene brecciated limestones ; carbonate porosity ; petroleum prospectivity ; stratigraphic correlations ; marine biogenic carbonates ; depositional environment ; paleoceanographic evolution ; planktonic foraminifera ; pteropods ; stable isotopes ; sea surface temperature (SST) ; stratification ; productivity ; sapropel S1 ; Aegean Sea ; Late Quaternary ; shell weight ; climate variability ; sea surface density ; carbonate production ; X-ray microscopy (μCT) ; δ18O and Mg/Ca analyses ; offshore groundwater exploration ; coastal aquifers ; salt-/fresh-water relationship ; Mediterranean Sea ; Attica-Greece ; cleaning protocol ; unconsolidated core sediments ; climate reconstruction ; synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SμCT) ; foraminiferal-based proxies ; BTEX natural attenuation ; hydro-stratigraphy ; multi-layered aquifer ; Thriassion Plain ; confined and unconfined aquifer ; coastal aquifer ; Gulf of Eleusis ; ocean paleodensity ; Atlantic Meridional Circulation (AMOC) ; planktonic foraminiferal biogeography ; surface sediments ; morphometrics ; shell size ; environmental biomonitoring ; ecological optimum conditions ; primary productivity ; depth habitat preference ; cryptic speciation ; central Mediterranean hydrodynamics ; sea level fluctuations ; soluble substances ; coastal environment change ; diatom ; geochemical elements ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The transport sector, which is currently almost completely based on fossil fuels, is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Heading towards a more sustainable development of mobility could be possible with more energy efficient automotive technologies such as battery electric vehicles. The number of electric vehicles has been increasing over the last decade, but there are still many challenges that have to be solved in the future. This Special Issue “Prospects for Electric Mobility: Systemic, Economic and Environmental Issues” contributes to the better understanding of the current situation as well as the future prospects and impediments for electro mobility. The published papers range from historical development of electricity use in different transport modes and the recent challenges up to future perspectives.
    Keywords: electricity ; transportation ; e-mobility ; CO2 emissions ; decarbonization ; marginal cost ; sustainability ; V2G ; bidirectionally chargeable electric vehicles ; smart charging ; unmanaged charging ; spot markets ; day-ahead market ; intraday auction ; continuous intraday trading ; mixed integer linear optimization ; revenues potentials of EVs ; electric mobility ; charging strategies ; economics ; promotion policies ; mixed-integer optimization ; flexible systems ; charging infrastructure ; load management ; battery electric vehicle ; urban area ; multi-apartment building ; zero emission mobility ; private charging ; second life of batteries ; electromobility ; battery energy system storage ; ancillary service ; frequency regulation ; economic evaluation ; electric vehicle ; life cycle assessment ; AC charging ; DC charging ; economic assessment ; mountain rescue operations ; emergency response ; multi-method-research ; best–worst scaling ; shared parking ; sharing economy ; P + R car park ; low-power chargers ; battery electric vehicles ; public transport ; emissions ; policies ; distributed energy systems ; cost- and GHG emission minimization ; environment ; passenger cars ; mobility-as-a-Service ; electric vehicles ; e-car sharing ; e-scooter sharing ; sustainable mobility ; suburban area ; choice-based conjoint ; latent class analysis ; willingness to pay ; market simulations ; genetic algorithm ; V2G services ; valley filling ; peak shaving ; flexibility ; motorized private transport ; modelling electricity demand ; driving patterns ; electricity demand profile ; transport ; electricity sector ; demand side integration ; total system costs ; COVID-19 pandemic ; transportation modeling ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.
    Keywords: lignocellulosic biomass ; solid-state fermentation ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; aerated bioreactor ; Aspergillus oryzae ; lignin ; lignocellulose ; aromatics ; biobased ; epoxy ; fatty acid ; biopolymers ; biobased materials ; biorenewable ; bio-based filament ; 3D printing ; sugarcane bagasse pulp ; barley straw ; composite ; flexural strength ; biobased polyethylene ; nanocellulose ; β-cyclodextrin ; cryogels ; films ; biomaterials ; cellulose ; dialdehyde cellulose ; organosilane chemistry ; 29Si NMR ; solid state NMR ; silanization ; lignocellulose valorization ; ‘lignin-first’ ; reductive catalytic fractionation ; lignocellulose nanofibers ; horticultural residues ; paperboard ; recycling ; biosurfactants ; enzymatic saccharification ; fermentation ; quinoa saponins ; steam-pretreated spruce ; lignocellulosic material ; xylose ; furfural ; iron chloride ; microwave reactor ; biorefinery ; electrosynthesis ; biomass ; carbohydrate ; saccharides ; electro-oxidation ; electroreduction ; residue ; agro-industry ; high-value products ; banana ; torrefaction ; Jerusalem artichoke ; biofuel ; energy crops ; agiculture ; micro-fibrillated cellulose ; formaldehyde adhesives ; wood-based panels ; kraft lignin ; adsorbent material ; copper adsorption ; H2S adsorption ; H2S removal ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Proteins represent one of the most abundant classes of biological macromolecules and play crucial roles in a vast array of physiological and pathological processes. The knowledge of the 3D structure of a protein, as well as the possible conformational transitions occurring upon interaction with diverse ligands, are essential to fully comprehend its biological function.In addition to globular, well-folded proteins, over the past few years, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have received a lot of attention. IDPs are usually aggregation-prone and may form toxic amyloid fibers and oligomers associated with several human pathologies. Peptides are smaller in size than proteins but similarly represent key elements of cells. A few peptides are able to work as tumor markers and find applications in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields. The conformational analysis of bioactive peptides is important to design novel potential drugs acting as selective modulators of specific receptors or enzymes. Nevertheless, synthetic peptides reproducing different protein fragments have frequently been implemented as model systems in folding studies relying on structural investigations in water and/or other environments.This book contains contributions (seven original research articles and five reviews published in the journal Molecules) on the above-described topics and, in detail, it includes structural studies on globular folded proteins, IDPs and bioactive peptides. These works were conducted usingdifferent experimental methods.
    Keywords: mass spectrometric epitope mapping ; gas phase immune complex dissociation ; apparent gas phase dissociation constants ; apparent gas phase activation energies ; ITEM-TWO ; native mass spectrometry ; TRIOBP ; cancer ; deafness ; hearing loss ; mental illness ; schizophrenia ; actin ; cytoskeleton ; disordered structure ; protein aggregation ; solid-state NMR ; ELDOR-detected NMR ; ATP hydrolysis ; ATP analogues ; DnaB helicase ; ABC transporter ; biopesticides ; antifungal activity ; insecticidal activity ; mechanism of action ; transgenic crops ; protein folding ; NMR ; High Hydrostatic Pressure ; ACE2 ; viral spike receptor-binding domain ; SARS-CoV-2 ; transmission ; bioinformatics ; IDP 1 ; binding 2 ; molecular dynamics 3 ; MELD×MD 4 ; advanced sampling 5 ; p53 6 ; MDM2 7 ; NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase ; zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase ; cofactor binding and release ; interdomain cleft dynamics ; molecular dynamics simulations ; denatured state ensemble ; protein coil library ; peptides ; intrinsically disordered proteins ; ion-pairing interaction ; side-chain length ; charged amino acids ; β-hairpin ; peptide ; Friedman’s test ; backbone atom coordinate variances and uncertainties ; superimposition ; nanobody ; protein structure ; immunoglobulin domain ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In recent years, the methodologies of teaching have been in a process of transition. Multiple active methodologies have proliferated, with the aim of changing the concept we have had of teaching so far. These advocate for a student who plays a leading role in the process of building learning, while the teacher acts as a figure who facilitates and glimpses the paths to learning. In order to be able to carry out this type of teaching in an optimal way, it is necessary for the teaching and research community to be correctly trained in its pedagogical principles and in the tools that boost its implementation. Among these principles and tools, it is of vital importance that information and communication technologies (ICT) be adequately handled. The use of active methodologies (project-based learning, problem-based learning, service learning, flipped classroom, mobile learning, etc.) or innovative pedagogical approaches (simulation, role-playing, gamification, etc.) promotes an improvement in the motivation of students as well as their skills. This aspect is especially important in the area of mathematics, whose contents are characterized by their abstraction, thus highlighting the need for its dynamization in classrooms of different educational stages.
    Keywords: emerging methodology ; educational innovation ; e-learning ; educational experimentation ; adults ; students ; b-learning ; ICT ; vocational training ; constructivism ; mathematics learning ; MOOC ; new teaching techniques ; students’ access to MOOC ; learning ; reading comprehension ; complexity ; problem-solving ; arithmetic word problems ; fraction operator ; technological environment ; active methodology ; escape room ; gamification ; methodological contrast ; mathematics ; secondary education ; musical activities ; learning-teaching ; preschool ; mathematical modeling ; modeling projects ; elementary school ; learning opportunities ; computational thinking ; STEAM education ; leisure-time education ; mathematical education ; good practices in mathematics education ; mathematics achievement ; influencing factors ; university ; social sciences ; structural equation modelling (SEM) ; Flipped Classroom ; flipped learning ; higher education ; educational robotics ; active learning ; case studies ; videogame ; early childhood education ; education ; learning environments ; educational games ; engineering students ; augmented reality ; spatial intelligence ; STEM ; Geogebra AR ; teaching differential equations ; teaching mathematics ; solving problem ; formative assessment ; teacher education ; teachers’ knowledge ; game-based learning ; affective domain ; mathematics education ; systematic review ; EXPLORIA ; STEAM ; active methodologies ; university level ; afective domain ; mathematical teaching methodologies ; educative innovation ; learning through video games ; real-valued functions ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage.Assessing as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This second book on urban ecosystem services contains 11 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future”. The book addresses topics such as cultural ecosystem services, green infrastructure, urban trees, urban green spaces, and more. The contributions highlight current knowledge, gaps, and future research with the focus on building a sustainable future.
    Keywords: urban biodiversity ; urban watersheds ; Bogota Colombia ; corruption ; Unwillingness to Invest ; natural capital ; blue-green infrastructure ; urban environmental challenges ; Global South ; tropical cities ; urban forestry ; cultural ecosystem services ; public survey ; tree maintenance ; urbanization ; birds ; ecosystem services ; survival ; adaptations ; traits ; land-based financing ; land monetisation ; policy ; infrastructure ; Sustainable Development Goals ; compensation measures ; urban resilience ; urban development ; impact assessment ; cityscape visual perception ; green infrastructure ; linear parks ; sustainable landscape planning ; tram lanes ; Warsaw ; ecosystem service value ; farmland loss ; construction land expansion ; remote sensing ; landscape architecture ; design ; evaluation ; urban ecosystem services ; urban tree planting ; i-Tree Canopy ; Office for National Statistics ; health damage costs ; United Kingdom ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book covers recent trends in all aspects of basic and applied scientific research on marine skeletal proteins and biopolymers (e.g., chitin, collagen), and their derivatives. Some recent innovations of marine proteins have been incorporated in this book that could be potentially applied in scientific and industrial research. Due to their broad array of biological functions in biopolymer- and protein-based drugs, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, bone tissue regeneration, antioxidant, and anti-aging functions, bioactive skeletal proteins and biopolymers have recently attracted a great amount of interest in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries (including anti-aging drugs).
    Keywords: Thunnus obesus ; collagen ; isoelectric precipitation ; physicochemical properties ; proliferation and migration ; red stingray (Dasyatis akajei) ; cartilage ; peptide ; antioxidant activity ; lung cancer ; nereis active protease ; H1299 cells ; PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ; benzyl glycidyl ether ; epoxide hydrolase ; enantioselective ; marine microorganism ; fish skin ; structure ; functional properties ; thermal properties ; rheology properties ; chitin ; scaffolds ; pigmental cells ; demosponges ; Ianthella ; bromotyrosines ; decamethoxine ; drug delivery ; gelatin ; marine gastropod ; Black Sea ; acidic and enzymatic extraction ; biocompatibility ; cytokines ; Lophius litulon skin ; pepsin-solubilized collagen ; characterization ; biological materials ; electrolysis ; Antipatharia ; black corals ; Cirrhipathes sp. ; sponges ; 3D scaffolds ; AgNPs ; antibacterial properties ; Aplysina aerophoba ; sponge ; osculum size ; respiration ; clearance rate ; depth ; Chondrosia reniformis ; integrated multitrophic aquaculture ; collagen fibers ; scaffold ; biomedical device ; Nibea japonica ; swim bladder ; marine collagen peptides ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Mitochondria play an increasingly central role in the context of cellular physiology. These organelles possess their own genome (mtDNA), which is functionally coordinated with the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial gene expression is mediated by molecular processes (replication, transcription, translation, and assembly of respiratory chain complexes) that all take place within the mitochondria. Several aspects of mtDNA expression have already been well characterized, but many more either are under debate or have yet to be discovered. Understanding the molecular processes occurring in mitochondria also has clinical relevance. Dysfunctions affecting these important metabolic ‘hubs’ are associated with a whole range of severe disorders, known as mitochondrial diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction; however, to date, mitochondrial diseases are complex genetic disorders without any effective therapy. Current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials are aimed at mitigating clinical manifestations and slowing the disease progression to improve the quality of life of patients. The goal of the Special Issue ‘Mitochondria: from Physiology to Pathology’ published in Life (ISSN: 2075-1729) was to collect research and review articles covering the physiological and pathological aspects related to mtDNA maintenance and gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein import, organelle metabolism, and quality control.
    Keywords: atherosclerosis ; carotid intima-media thickness ; mitochondrial mutations ; cardiovascular risk factors ; mitochondria ; mtDNA ; cristae ; mitochondrial fission ; mitochondrial fusion ; mitochondrial diseas ; mitochondrial dynamics ; mitoenergetics ; mitosteroidogenesis ; LH ; cAMP ; Leydig cell ; mitochondrial DNA segregation ; heteroplasmy ; selective elimination ; mitophagy ; mitochondrial engineered nucleases ; kinases ; phosphorylation ; disease ; PINK1 ; Parkinson’s disease ; mitochondria homeostasis ; Cterm ; MELAS ; transmitochondrial cybrids ; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ; LARS2 ; mitochondrial disease ; therapeutic peptides ; FAD synthase ; FAD1 ; mitochondria localization ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; mRNA ; mitochondrial localization motif ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This special issue of JCM ‘The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis’ will walk the Readers across novel diagnostic achievements in atherosclerosis and contemporary actions towards optimizing therapy.Everything begins with diagnosis. Accurate diagnostic tools and tests are of utmost importance. Contemporary research on microparticles, non-coding RNAs, proteomic characterization, …, offers detailed molecular characteristics of athero-thrombosis.Prevention is equally important as treatment. The impact of eating habits in prophylaxis of many pathologies, including cardiovascular disease has been documented.Then new pharmacological agents. Managing hypercholesterolemia with PCSK9 inhibitors, shown great potential in efficient lipid lowering to achieve LDL-C treatment goals, as well as reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.However, therapeutic goals accomplishment requires supervision. Arising number of data support that cardiovascular risk prediction can be improved with imaging modalities displaying atheroma: carotid plaque ultrasonography, coronary calcium score, intravascular ultrasonography, and optical coherent tomography or many others.As atherosclerosis is a progressive disease, it comes the time for more radical management, including endovascular and surgical intervention. There is field for new stent and equipment technologies, new surgical and endovascular techniques, supervision of endovascular procedures with IVUS, OCT, functional flow assessment or cell therapy.From diagnosis to risk stratification, elaborated prevention models, finally to modern and optimized therapeutic intervention.
    Keywords: familial hypercholesterolemia ; genetic screening ; atherosclerosis prevention ; early detection ; atherosclerosis ; cigarette smoking ; miR-27b ; peripheral artery disease ; subclinical atherosclerosis ; SCORE ; Framingham ; QRISK ; PROCAM ; cardiovascular risk ; pulse wave velocity ; intima media thickness ; malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein ; high-risk plaque ; coronary computed tomography angiography ; statin ; cardiovascular risk factors ; heart failure ; major cardiac and cerebral ischemic events ; degenerative aortic stenosis ; risk stratification ; vascular resistance ; cardiovascular disease ; acute myocardial infarction ; intravascular imaging ; statins ; control-theoretic model ; logistic growth ; coronary artery disease ; fibrin clot ; fibrinolysis ; thromboembolism ; carotid intima-media complex ; carotid plaque ; major adverse cardiac and cerebral events ; prevention ; scores ; vitamin D ; myocardial infarction ; males ; Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Since the 1990s, food chemistry opened a new chapter in foods and plants investigation. An increasing attention to secondary metabolites and micro-constituents of nutraceutical interest present in foods has been noticed, supporting previous studies on macronutrient composition. Thanks to positive scientific opinions on the presence of bioactive molecules in plants and foods, the previous vision of exploring foods exclusively from a “caloric” point of view has been changed to looking at foodstuffs as having positive effects on human health.This book focuses on the optimization and validation of advanced analytical methodologies dedicated to the characterization and valorization of foods and plants containing bioactive molecules. Qualitative and quantitative characterization, food security, traceability, and innovation in the field of nutraceutical and functional nutrition will be of particular interest in order to stimulate a dialogue on correct nutrition concepts in a constantly changing cultural, technological, and climate context.
    Keywords: HPTLC-MS coupling ; HPTLC ; negative ion DESI-HR-MS/MS ; anthraquinones ; Chilean mushrooms ; genus Cortinarius ; millet starch ; edible film ; Clove ; GC-MS ; beetroot ; lactic acid bacteria ; betalains ; functional food products ; NMR ; metabolomics ; Brassica oleracea (var. italica) ; organic and conventional pratices ; glucosinolates ; extra-virgin olive oils ; oleuropein ; phenols ; tocopherols ; HPLC-MS ; multivariate statistical data ; 6-gingerol ; 6-shogaol ; commercial formulation ; ginger extract ; green reversed phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) ; simultaneous analysis ; kaempferol ; Ocimum basilicum ; high performance thin layer chromatography in connection with ultraviolet detection (HPTLC-VIS) ; box-Behnken design ; optimization ; validation ; microalgae ; isolation ; identification ; lipid productivity ; berries ; fruit wines polyphenols identification ; LC–MSn ; whole barley flour ; pearling fractions ; proteins ; β-glucans ; arabinoxylans ; tocols ; phenolic compounds ; antioxidant capacity ; functional food ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book contains seven reviews and four research articles on the various modern approaches to the problem of quark confinement in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These approaches include microscopic models of the Yang–Mills vacuum, which are based on the condensation of magnetic monopoles and center vortices, as well as the models of the confining quark-antiquark string. Possible applications of these models to the analysis of the novel superinsulating state, which emerges in such condensed-matter systems as Josephson junction arrays, are further discussed in one of the reviews. Two reviews from this collection discuss the approaches towards the analytic construction of effective confining theories, at the classical level and within the center-vortex model of the Yang–Mills vacuum. Other aspects of non-perturbative physics addressed by this collection include a possible connection between the localization of low-lying Dirac eigenmodes with the deconfinement and the chiral QCD phase transitions, as well as the role of topology in baryon-rich matter. Last but not least, a novel model of dark matter, based on ultralight axion particles, whose masses are arising due to distinct SU(2) Yang–Mills scales and the Planck mass, is suggested and developed in one of the contributed articles.
    Keywords: quantum chromodynamics ; confinement ; center vortex model ; vacuum structure ; cooling ; Lattice Gauge Theories ; Effective String Theories ; localization ; QCD ; lattice gauge theory ; finite temperature ; galaxy rotation curves ; low surface brightness ; dark matter ; dark energy ; ultralight axion particles ; cores ; halos ; mass-density ; profiles ; pure Yang–Mills theory ; monopoles ; topological interactions ; ensembles and effective fields ; topological solitons ; higher order theories ; gauge theory ; effective field theory ; magnetic flux symmetry ; chiral symmetry ; monopole ; lattice QCD ; spontaneous symmetry breaking ; Abelian projection ; magnetic catalysis ; magnetic disorder ; confinement models ; center vortices ; magnetic monopoles ; quark condensate ; topology ; lattice field theory ; dense matter ; phase transitions ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The notion of smart and sustainable cities offers an integrated and holistic approach to urbanism by aiming to achieve the long-term goals of urban sustainability and resilience. In essence, a smart and sustainable city is an urban locality that functions as a robust system of systems with sustainable practices to generate desired outcomes and futures for all humans and non-humans. This book contributes to improving research and practice in smart and sustainable metropolitan as well as regional cities and urbanism by bringing together literature reviews and scholarly perspective pieces, forming an open access knowledge warehouse. It contains contributions that offer insights into research and practice in smart and sustainable metropolitan and regional cities by producing in-depth conceptual debates and perspectives, insights from the literature and best practice, and thoroughly identified research themes and development trends. This book serves as a repository of relevant information, material, and knowledge to support research, policymaking, practice, and the transferability of experiences to address challenges in establishing smart and sustainable metropolitan as well as regional cities and urbanism in the era of climate change, biodiversity collapse, natural disasters, pandemics, and socioeconomic inequalities.
    Keywords: regional towns ; regional cities ; regional Australia ; regional lifestyle location ; regional innovation system ; regional turnaround ; post-pandemic urban growth ; COVID-19 impact ; regional planning ; sustainable urban development ; smart cities ; blockchain ; building information management (BIM) ; city information management (CIM) ; sustainable building ; life cycle ; VOSviewer ; commuting ; employment ; housing price ; GDP ; income ; big data ; prediction ; urbanization ; sustainability ; corporate social responsibility ; ready-made garments ; framework for strategic sustainable development ; Bangladesh ; PCB shield ; HX711 ; amplifier chip ; Sim900A ; e-commerce ; virtual store ; firmware ; embedded system ; virtual reality and haptic sensing ; urban sustainability ; sustainable behavior ; sustainability understanding ; awareness ; perception ; attitude ; pro-environmental behavior ; influencing factors ; Turkey ; Istanbul ; sustainable city ; sustainable development ; environmental performance ; online platform ; municipalities ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; green AI ; sustainable AI ; responsible AI ; ethical AI ; explainable AI ; AI regulation ; green sensing ; sustainable development goals ; waste sorting ; supply chain redesigning ; function allocation ; path planning ; incinerable waste ; smart city ; smart city industry ; industrial ecosystem ; input–output analysis ; structural path analysis ; knowledge-based development ; knowledge-based urban development ; smart and sustainable city ; local development ; urban development ; knowledge cities world summit ; international events ; Bento Gonçalves ; Brazil ; technology ; governance ; knowledge workers ; knowledge precincts ; open data ; Gold Coast ; digital engineering ; information requirements ; infrastructure asset management ; technology integration matrix ; master-planned estate ; community ; community identity ; social connectedness ; social infrastructure: physical infrastructure ; housing developments ; longitudinal study ; social capital ; neighbourhoods ; sustainable social development ; ecological study ; ordinal logistic regression ; northern Sweden ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Natural Antioxidants: Innovative Extraction and Application in Foods compiles comprehensive information and recent findings on the extraction of antioxidants from different natural resources and investigates their application in food. The book focuses on different sources of natural antioxidants such as the Hypochaeris and Hyoseris species, pomegranate seed oil, thyme, hemp, coriander, olive mill wastewaters, the edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus, Brewer’s spent grain, broccoli byproducts, cardoon, and Norway spruce bark. Moreover, the effect of different treatments such as blanching, microwave exposure, roasting, and enzymatic browning on the phytochemical content and bioactivity of the extracts is also addressed. Readers will find valuable insights into the impact of extraction methodologies on the bioactivity of the extracts, along with an understanding of the vast potential of natural extracts for the quality of food products. Readership Food and nutrition researchers, health professionals, nutritionists, and food science and chemistry students
    Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction ; pressurized liquid extraction ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; trans-resveratrol ; Norway spruce bark ; shelf life ; byproducts ; fresh pasta ; vegetable extracts ; antimicrobial activity ; wood waste ; phenolic profile ; planar chromatography ; DPPH-HPTLC assay ; Cynara cardunculus L. ; cardoon leaves ; by-products ; antioxidant activity ; ferulic acid ; brewer’s spent grain ; alkaline hydrolysis ; adsorption ; synthetic resin ; macroporous resin XAD-7HP ; olive mill wastewaters ; oxidative stability ; polyphenols ; sunflower oil ; enzymatic browning ; antioxidant compounds ; Hericium erinaceus ; mushroom metabolites ; polyphenol oxidase ; tyrosinase ; laccase ; natural inhibitor ; selenomethionine ; green coffee ; acrylamide ; Arabica ; Robusta ; Maillard reaction ; selenium uptake ; pretreatment ; ultrasound assisted extraction—UAE ; rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction—RSLDE ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry—GC-MS ; antioxidants ; C. sativa ; T. vulgaris ; C. sativum ; pomegranate seeds ; oil ; microwave pretreatment ; total phenolic content ; antioxidant capacity ; Hyoseris radiata ; Hyoseris taurina ; Hypochaeris laevigata ; Hypochaeris radicata ; phytochemicals ; obesity ; diabetes type 2 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Special Issue “Game Theory” of the journal Mathematics provides a collection of papers that represent modern trends in mathematical game theory and its applications. The works address the problem of constructing and implementation of solution concepts based on classical optimality principles in different classes of games. In the case of non-cooperative behavior of players, the Nash equilibrium as a basic optimality principle is considered in both static and dynamic game settings. In the case of cooperative behavior of players, the situation is more complicated. As is seen from presented papers, the direct use of cooperative optimality principles in dynamic and differential games may bring time or subgame inconsistency of a solution which makes the cooperative schemes unsustainable. The notion of time or subgame consistency is crucial to the success of cooperation in a dynamic framework. In the works devoted to dynamic or differential games, this problem is analyzed and the special regularization procedures proposed to achieve time or subgame consistency of cooperative solutions. Among others, special attention in the presented book is paid to the construction of characteristic functions which determine the power of coalitions in games. The book contains many multi-disciplinary works applied to economic and environmental applications in a coherent manner.
    Keywords: pursuit ; control functions ; integral constraints ; strategies ; value of the game ; decision-making ; game theory ; project management ; differential games ; cooperative differential games ; Time Consistency ; IDP-core ; IDP dominance ; two-sided platform market ; pricing ; Hotelling’s duopoly on the plane ; Nash equilibrium ; optimal location of platforms ; prescribed duration ; characteristic function ; environmental resource management ; pollution control ; discrete-time games ; cooperation ; the core ; linear transformation ; time consistency ; multistage game ; chance moves ; subgame perfect equilibria ; cooperative trajectory ; imputation distribution procedure ; random time horizon ; time until failure ; discounted equilibrium ; weibull distribution ; chen distribution ; equivalence principle ; cooperative game ; satisfaction criteria ; proportional value ; axiomatization ; cooperative stochastic game ; strong subgame consistency ; core ; dynamic games ; multicriteria games ; Nash bargaining solution ; dynamic stability ; rational behavior conditions ; Shapley-Solidarity value ; coalition structure ; potential ; bidding mechanism ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Today, new technologies bring with them an everchanging panorama, forcing us to constantly update our knowledge. For this reason, quality education is necessary in all areas of knowledge and at all educational levels. The quality of our educational systems and the questions raised by reviewing whether our educational institutions offer quality education or not are some of the main reasons why quality education is a topic that, in recent years, has captured the interest of governments, researchers and lecturers, among others. This issue brings together different socioeducational actors with their concerns for and commitments to higher education, in order to achieve the aim of providing people with the competencies necessary to adapt to a changing and competitive world, in which the individual needs to engage in lifelong learning and where education must align with sustainable development goals, such as democracy, justice and equality. All of this provides us with a scenario for reflecting on and researching fundamental questions, such as how to prevent school absenteeism, how to deal with students leaving school early, how to prevent or alleviate the phenomenon of dropping out in higher education, etc. In other words, can we assume that student failure is partly due to the failure of our educational systems? Are we educating self-regulated, critical, learning-motivated and competent students? These and other questions lead us to search for measures with which we can improve the quality of our educational systems by proposing strategies and developing tools to enhance the lecturing–learning processes in our classrooms.
    Keywords: higher education ; inclusive education ; disability ; technological platforms ; faculty members ; international students ; service quality evaluation ; perceived satisfaction ; sustainable higher education system ; China ; active learning ; career adaptability ; Hong Kong ; human resources management ; university students ; university teaching ; mobile-assisted language learning ; foreign language learning ; productive-receptive skills ; technology acceptance model ; WhatsApp ; Line App ; VET ; European ; validation principles ; Spain ; virtual meeting platform ; technology readiness ; social presence ; course satisfaction ; sustained use intention ; serial mediation ; science scenario ; collaborative problem solving ; behavioral transition patterns ; lag sequential analysis ; disadvantaged students ; higher education SPROUT project ; learning effects ; qualitative changes ; distance learning ; university authorities ; lecturers ; students ; cross-cultural pragmatic competence ; social context ; communicative dynamics in classroom situations ; EFL context ; online instruction ; students’ perceptions ; education quality ; online learning ; socioemotional competence ; models ; emotional intelligence ; social intelligence ; TAM Model ; learning analytics ; academic performance ; COVID-19 ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Many recent events, including the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, have proven the necessity of a transformation of the current economic system based on a linear schema of: “take”, “make”, “use”, and “dispose”. This radical change should involve all of the actors involved in the economic system: institutions, industries, consumers, and scientific research. Only cooperation among these stakeholders can ensure an effective shift toward a circular model. However, which kinds of actions can be performed to implement an effective circular economy? The present Special Issue collects nine papers that prove the possibility of implementing the circular economy from different points of view. The authors analyze all of the spheres of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) in a variety of contexts, evaluating the effect of the circular choices. The nine papers include several key product value chains, in agreement with the most recent European Circular Economy Action Plan (e.g., electronics and ICT, batteries, plastics, construction and buildings, and food). The present paper collection proves that the circular economy is not only a simple business model, but rather, it involves the integration of many strategies for the protection of the natural ecosystem and the maintenance of worldwide economic stability. The holistic approach is essential for a successful business model, and innovation has an indispensable role in the transition. In this context, the present Special Issue aims to be a multidisciplinary collection of innovations useful for all of the stakeholders involved in the circular economy.
    Keywords: printed circuit boards ; biotechnologies ; circular economy ; Aspergillus niger ; copper ; zinc ; food waste ; life cycle assessment ; secondary mining resources ; electrodialytic process ; upscale ; tungsten ; arsenic ; hydrogen ; agriculture residue ; environmental sustainability ; bio-based product ; innovation capability and resilience ; business dynamics ; ecoinnovation index ; R&D personnel by sector ; inclusiveness ; stakeholders ; capacity building ; entrepreneurship ; cooperative business models ; collaborative networks ; lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) ; energy storage ; Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) ; European Union (EU) legislation ; critical raw materials (CRM) ; organizational sustainability ; knowledge management ; total quality management ; sustainable development ; linear economy ; circular design ; circularity ; vernacular architecture ; Egypt ; competitiveness ; investments and patents governance ; innovation and policy for sustainability ; societal transformation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Enter For a long time, natural medicine has been used as a therapeutic therapy based on generations of indigenous practices. Today the rise in natural remedies has been largely driven by public demand and billions of dollars are spent annually on herbal medicines. It is therefore important to document the effectiveness of natural medicine, its potential side effects, and potential interactions.
    Keywords: Piper sylvaticum ; anxiolytic ; antioxidant ; molecular docking ; phytochemistry ; Stevia serrata ; essential oil ; inflammation ; antinociception ; pain ; Alzheimer’s disease ; cognitive function ; streptozotocin ; Orthosiphon stamineus ; oxidative stress ; terpenoids ; invasomes ; thymol ; menthol ; camphor ; cineol ; S. aureus ; E. coli ; bactericidal ; Aristolochia trilobata ; sulcatyl acetate ; antinociceptive effect ; anti-inflammatory activity ; Rhamnus triquetra ; NiONPs ; cytotoxicity ; biocompatibility ; antimicrobial ; enzyme inhibition ; Coriolus versicolor ; Trametes ; cancer ; polysaccharides ; PSP ; PSK ; immunostimulation ; adjuvant therapy ; isoquercitrin ; cardiovascular anaphylaxis ; rats ; guinea pigs ; histamine ; β-Caryophyllene ; CB2 receptors ; oral mucositis ; periodontitis ; ergosterol ; cyclin D1 ; androgen receptor ; 5α-reductase ; bladder cancer ; hemocyanin ; snail Rapana venosa ; snail Helix lucorum ; snail Helix aspersa ; antitumor activity ; colorectal adenocarcinoma ; apoptosis ; resveratrol ; transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) ; chronic diseases ; fibrosis ; diabetes ; therapy ; natural antimicrobial ; antimicrobial resistance ; polyphenols ; future medicine ; natural origin ; antibacterial compound ; phytochemicals ; dental diseases ; luteolin ; flavonoids ; lipopolysaccharide ; anti-inflammatory ; autophagy ; phytochemical ; natural compound ; treatment ; Centella asiatica L. ; Curcuma longa L. ; Bdnf ; mTOR ; protein synthesis ; neuroplasticity ; botanicals ; Withaferin A ; anticancer ; chaperone ; cisplatin ; coffee ; kahweol ; acute kidney injury ; necroptosis ; plumericin ; inflammatory bowel disease ; intestinal epithelial cells ; experimental colitis ; intestinal barrier ; cellular stress response ; neurodegenerative disorders ; ER stress proteotoxicity ; neuroinflammation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book proposes a list of contributions in the field of control of power electronics converters for different topologies: DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-DC. It particularly focuses on the use of different advanced control techniques with the aim of improving the performances, flexibility and efficiency in the context of several operation conditions. Sliding mode control, fuzzy logic based control, dead time compensation and optimal linear control are among the techniques developed in the special issue. Simulation and experimental results are provided by the authors to validate the proposed control strategies.
    Keywords: Power ; electronic ; converters ; DC-DC ; DC-AC ; AC-DC ; Nonlinear ; control ; Microgrids ; Intelligent ; Hybrid ; Robust ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Children today face significant challenges in response to living in a globalised world and the impact of environmental threats to the planet. As such, there is an increasing need for schools to have a global perspective and to cultivate a critical sense of environmental and social responsibility in students. Environmental and Sustainability Education (ESE) in schools is frequently promoted as a route to achieving this, as it has the potential to empower learners to develop the necessary knowledge, understanding, skills, or competences to respond to the complex socio-environmental issues. However, there remains a general lack of pedagogical consensus as to how to teach either about or for ESE within school contexts.To develop effective ESE pedagogies, some educators look to transformative learning theory to encourage learners to move beyond the simple acquisition of knowledge to a change in worldview which not only affects their deeper level of understanding but, importantly for ESE, builds their capacity to think critically and plays an active role in providing a sustainable transformation of society. This book explores the pedagogy and practice of ESE, particularly focus on transformative pedagogies. Exploring themes including the attitudes of the teachers who are implementing transformative pedagogies, the tensions and emotional loads that teachers experience when seeking to develop their professional identity in the context of ESE, and how learning through ESE-informed practice involves and is intimately connected with emotions, this book will be of significant value for researchers and practitioners globally looking to develop transformative ESE practice.
    Keywords: education ; didactics ; teaching ; learning ; pragmatism ; sustainability commitment ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; cultural diversity ; teacher quality ; transculturalism ; educational transformation ; Environmental and Sustainability Education ; geography teacher ; teacher identity ; Environmental and Sustainability Education (ESE) ; secondary schools ; Initial Teacher Education (ITE) ; selective traditions ; teaching traditions ; teaching habits ; environmental and sustainability education ; functions of teaching ; functions of education ; ESD teaching approaches ; transformative sustainability learning ; collaborative reflection ; sport and the environment ; sport ecology ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book offers a specialized study focusing on the phenomenon of the female mystic and the divine feminine in the global Sufi experience. Drawing on classical and modern periods, it presents a considered approach to the topic from the disciplines of literature, history, religion, philosophy, language and linguistics, and anthropology. As each author offers their expertise in their respective fields, each article, therefore, whilst a standalone piece, contributes collectively to the multidisciplinary understanding of the female and the feminine in Sufi experience. The book addresses the topic from different points of view, showing the authors’ interest in subjectivity, literary and artistic productivity, as well as notable figures of importance, but narrows the purview of its examination to case studies, historical periods, and philosophical concerns of relevance. Focused areas of inquiry include the economic power of Sufi women in history; the hierophanic dialectics of mystical Islamic poetry with regard to “the feminine” experience in Yunus Emre; the ontology of the sacred feminine and female mystic in classical Sufi poiesis; the mystical autochthonous presence in local Sufi praxis of Indonesia; reconfigurations of gendered understanding in Argentinian Sufism; and symbolism and spiritual psychology in Sufi cosmology. This book is an interdisciplinary publication that brings together an international host of scholars from around the world, including University of Amsterdam, University of St Gallen, University of Haifa, Western Sydney University, Monash University, and Australian National University.
    Keywords: sacred feminine ; divine feminine in Sufism ; Sufi orders ; female saints ; female leadership in Sufism ; Dewi Anjani ; Nahdlatul Wathan ; Lombok ; Indonesia ; indigenous feminine ; Sufism ; female mystic ; divine feminine ; phenomenology ; history ; mysticism ; Aredvi Sura Anahita ; Mount Qaf ; Divine Feminine ; Xvarnah ; Khezr ; mystical experience ; Yunus Emre ; the Feminine ; hierophanic dialectics ; deconstruction ; literary analysis ; phenomenology of Sufi ; arfāq al-niswān (women’s donations) ; sisters ; mothers ; ḥaqq al-wālida (mother’s right) ; poverty ; charity ; khidma (service) ; Sufism in Latin America ; Islam in Latin America ; gender and Sufism ; Naqshbandiyya Haqqaniyya ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book covers different topics in the framework of remote sensing of the oceans. Latest research advancements and brand-new studies are presented that address the exploitation of remote sensing instruments and simulation tools to improve the understanding of ocean processes and enable cutting-edge applications with the aim of preserving the ocean environment and supporting the blue economy. Hence, this book provides a reference framework for state-of-the-art remote sensing methods that deal with the generation of added-value products and the geophysical information retrieval in related fields, including: Oil spill detection and discrimination; Analysis of tropical cyclones and sea echoes; Shoreline and aquaculture area extraction; Monitoring coastal marine litter and moving vessels; Processing of SAR, HF radar and UAV measurements.
    Keywords: ocean modeling ; counter-flow ; vertical migration ; Kuroshio intrusion ; marine economy ; storm surge ; tropical cyclone size (TC size) ; ideal test ; marine-economic effects ; Northern East China Sea (NECS) ; surface currents ; HF radar ; eddy detection algorithms ; general compact polarimetry ; hybrid dual-polarization ; oil spill discrimination ; target decomposition ; ocean environment ; oil spill ; Synthetic Aperture Radar ; polarimetric decomposition ; superpixel ; convolutional neural networks ; unmanned-aerial-vehicles ; UAVs ; anthropogenic-marine-debris ; AMD ; beached-marine-litter ; BML ; marine-protected-areas ; MPA ; ortho-photo ; marine-pollution ; accumulation-rate ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; moving vessel ; multicomponent polynomial phase signal(mc-PPS) ; adaptive joint time-frequency (AJTF) decomposition ; co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization ; airborne HF/VHF radar ; sea echo ; mathematical model ; radar cross section ; marine raft aquaculture ; Sentinel-1 ; nonsubsampled contourlet transform ; semantic segmentation ; fully convolutional network ; SAR images ; shoreline extraction ; geometric active contour model ; SAR ; sentinel-1 ; low-backscattering areas ; azimuth autocorrelation function ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Chirality, or handedness, is a fundamental physical characteristic, which spans the length scales ranging from elementary particles to the chiral asymmetry of spiral galaxies. The way in which chirality in chemistry, or molecular handedness, may have emerged in a primitive terrestrial environment, and how it can be triggered, amplified, and transferred, are deeply challenging problems rooted in both fundamental scientific interests and the technological potentials for science and society. Chirality constitutes a unifying feature of the living world and is a prime driving force for molecular selection and genetic evolution in biology. In this book, we offer a selection of five distinct approaches to this problem by leading experts in the field. The selected topics range from protein chirality and its relevance to protein ageing, protein aggregation and neurodegeneration, entropy production associated with chiral symmetry breaking in closed systems, chiral oscillations in polymerization models involving higher-order oligomers, the mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and its implications for the development of homochirality in abiogenesis, the role of chirality in the chemical sciences, and some philosophical implications of chirality.
    Keywords: biochirality ; post-translational modifications ; protein folding ; protein aggregation ; spontaneous chemical reactions ; neurodegeneration ; non-equilibrium phase transitions ; chiral symmetry breaking ; entropy production ; closed systems ; nonequilibrium ; dissipative structures ; mirror symmetry breaking ; biological chirality ; liquid crystals ; proto-RNA ; networks ; compartmentalization ; chiral liquids ; cubic phases ; prebiotic chemistry ; chirality amplification ; helical self-assembly ; chiral oscillations ; spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking ; origin of homochirality ; absolute asymmetric synthesis ; biological homochirality ; chemical abiotic evolution ; chirality ; origin of life ; dissipative reaction systems ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: BioPolymers could be either natural polymers – polymer naturally occurring in Nature, such as cellulose or starch…, or biobased polymers that are artificially synthesized from natural resources. Since the late 1990s, the polymer industry has faced two serious problems: global warming and anticipation of limitation to the access to fossil resources. One solution consists in the use of sustainable resources instead of fossil-based resources. Hence, biomass feedstocks are a promising resource and biopolymers are one of the most dynamic polymer area. Additionally, biodegradability is a special functionality conferred to a material, bio-based or not. Very recently, facing the awareness of the volumes of plastic wastes, biodegradable polymers are gaining increasing attention from the market and industrial community. This special issue of Molecules deals with the current scientific and industrial challenges of Natural and Biobased Polymers, through the access of new biobased monomers, improved thermo-mechanical properties, and by substitution of harmful substances. This themed issue can be considered as collection of highlights within the field of Natural Polymers and Biobased Polymers which clearly demonstrate the increased interest in this field. We hope that this will inspire researchers to further develop this area and thus contribute to futures more sustainable society.”
    Keywords: imine ; epoxide ; amine ; thermoset ; bio-based ; biobased epoxy ; cardanol ; cationic photocuring ; microfibrillated cellulose ; biobased composites ; sustainable materials ; biomass ; green chemistry ; mechanims ; humins ; epoxy resins ; thermosets ; kinetics ; ring-opening ; biobased ; polyurethane foam ; catalyst ; polycarbonates ; furan-maleimide ; Diels-Alder ; fatty acids ; melt extrusion ; 3D printing ; cellulose nanofibrils ; biocomposite filaments ; physical property ; drained and undrained peatlands ; peats ; humic acids ; thermal ; paramagnetic and optical properties ; acetylated starch ; etherified starch ; chemical composition ; macromolecular characteristics ; surface characterization ; lignin ; fractionation ; biobased polymers ; solvent extraction ; membrane-assisted ultrafiltration ; plant oil-based monomers ; mixed micelles ; methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex ; emulsion polymerization ; nanocellulose ; polymer ; coating ; textile ; adhesion ; biobased monomer ; photoinduced-polymerization ; eugenol-derived methacrylate ; bacterial cellulose ; alginate ; gelatin ; curcumin ; biomaterials ; chitosan ; silane coupling agent ; microfiber ; crosslinking ; mechanical strength ; block copolymers ; renewable resources ; RAFT ; alkyl lactate ; PSA ; terpenoid ; exo-methylene ; conjugated diene ; renewable monomer ; biobased polymer ; radical polymerization ; copolymerization ; living radical polymerization ; RAFT polymerization ; heat-resistant polymer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The synthesis of enantiopure organic compounds is a key issue for several applications in pharmacology, food chemistry, agricultural chemistry, perfumery, materials science and other industrial sectors. Nowadays, asymmetric catalysis is undoubtedly the most important tool to achieve this goal. This technology, in fact, enables the production of large amounts of enantiomerically enriched compounds, employing relatively small quantities of chiral enantiopure catalysts, which is exactly what is accomplished by enzymes in nature. Since the pioneering works of Noyori, Knowles and Sharpless, which later earned them the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, asymmetric catalysis has experienced a rapid and relentless development in the last fifty years. The tremendous expansion of enantioselective transformations, the design of novel and more efficient organometallic and organic catalysts, the development of sophisticated bioreactors and cell factories, are just some of the elements responsible for such growth. However, new challenges of asymmetric catalysis are devoted to enhancing the process’s sustainability, by the introduction of recyclable and low-cost catalysts, and the use of renewable starting materials and energy source. This book provides an overview of some of these development directions and comprises a collection of review papers and a research article authored by renowned researchers actively involved in this field. The topics covered by the review papers are photoredox-catalyzed reactions of imines, asymmetric catalytic electrosynthesis, cooperative catalysis of chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes and Lewis acid, and asymmetric ring-opening reactions of epoxides catalyzed by metal–salen complexes. The research article presents a proline-catalyzed aldol reaction in water–methanol solvent mixture.
    Keywords: N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) ; Lewis acid ; cooperative catalysis ; asymmetric synthesis ; umpolung ; amines ; imines ; photoredox catalysis ; radical additions ; radical–radical couplings ; stereoselectivity ; umpolung chemistry ; visible light ; proline ; organocatalysis ; asymmetric aldol reaction ; methanol/water mixtures ; sustainability ; asymmetric catalysis ; salen complexes ; ring-opening ; epoxide ; kinetic resolution ; organic electrosynthesis ; electrochemistry ; enantioselectivity ; transition-metal catalysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Freshwater fishes are the most diverse vertebrate group, with almost 36,000 species described so far, and more species are being discovered all the time, evenly distributed between marine and freshwater habitats. Freshwater ecosystems serve as a habitat for more than 18,000 fish species, occupying less than 1% of the Earth’s surface. Among all ecosystems, inland waters are one of the most affected. Wetlands are disappearing three times faster than forests, and freshwater populations decrease faster than terrestrial biodiversity. Nowadays, freshwater fishes may be considered the most threatened vertebrate group. Understanding the ecological subjects, environmental necessities, and pressures of freshwater fishes remains a key concern of their conservation biology. This reprint explores the relationships between environmental issues, freshwater fish biodiversity, and human impacts from different perspectives, but always focuses on the conservation biology of species and ecosystems.A change in mindset is needed to protect biodiversity in the upcoming years. Conservation plans have failed because our current knowledge is deficient and needs to be improved. We need countries to commit to protecting biodiversity and develop realistic targets that can be met while compromising with conflicting needs and interests. The articles included in this reprint emphasize the necessity of having more knowledge to develop conservation strategies. Future conservation targets may be advanced in part based on the knowledge provided by these papers and similar studies to ensure the long-term protection of freshwater fish and other life forms.
    Keywords: count bias ; growth zone counts ; precision ; otolith preparation methods ; adaptation ; alpine lakes ; Cottus gobio ; hepatic steatosis ; ichthyofauna ; trophic guilds ; salinity-tolerance ; connectivity ; Chetumal Bay ; Mexico ; acoustics ; fish density ; fish distribution ; Mediterranean lake ; gut content analysis ; Mediterranean rivers ; prey richness ; trophic niche breadth ; Spain ; threatened species ; conservation planning ; climate change ; captive breeding ; Cottus hispaniolensis ; conservation ; ecological integrity ; fish biodiversity ; restoration ; river basin management ; Yangtze River ; Mediterranean ponds ; fish ; Aphanius iberus ; size structure ; ecological status ; thermal stress ; salvage ; drought ; hypoxia ; energy allocation ; fecundity ; flow regulation ; Mediterranean-type river cyprinids ; invasive fish ; life history traits ; methods comparison ; population imbalance ; stock assessment ; sentinel species ; longitudinal gradient ; human impacts ; flow regime alteration ; non-native fish ; fragmentation ; habitat alteration ; Segura River basin ; Tropical Andes ; Manu Biosphere Reserve ; Astroblepus ; Trichomycterus ; Mauritia flexuosa ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are groups of rhizosphere microorganisms capable of colonizing the root environment. Some of the microbes that inhabit this zone are bacteria and fungi that are capable of efficiently colonizing roots and rhizosphere soil. These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers for improving agricultural production even under stressful environmental conditions. In contrast to PGPM, plant growth regulators (PGR) are chemical compounds that significantly affect the growth and differentiation of plant cells and tissues. They function as chemical messengers for intercellular communication and play a vital role in plant signaling networks as they are involved in the plant developmental process and a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress responses. The application of PGPM and plant growth regulators/hormones or the synthesis of PGR and signal transduction, perception, and cross-talk creates a complex network that plays an essential role in the regulation of plant physiological processes. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of PGPM and PGR and their roles in plant growth and development, interaction and independence in their action, and hormonal crosstalk under stresses is essential for agricultural production and research. Therefore, this book has contributions in the form of research and review papers from eminent scientists worldwide and discusses the role of PGPM and PGR in agriculture production and research, their potentials as biocontrol agents, their effects on physicochemical properties of soil, innovation for sustainable agriculture, their role in seed transplanting, and their role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses.
    Keywords: Paecilomyces ; PGPF ; tomato ; pepper ; plant probiotic microorganisms ; Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; secondary metabolites ; plant insect interactions ; seaweed extract ; phytohormone profiling ; fertilizers ; antioxidant ; plant growth regulators ; brown seaweed ; green algae ; abiotic stresses ; cell membrane stability ; climate change ; osmolytes ; polyamines ; bacterial community composition ; liquid food waste materials (LFM) ; plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) ; plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits ; salinity ; PGPR ; wheat ; compatible solutes ; antioxidant enzymes ; Trichoderma ; plant growth promotion ; biostimulant ; aridity ; Bacillus sp. ; biochar ; nutrient availability ; organic matter ; soil health ; mVOCs ; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; Mentha piperita ; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 ; salt stress ; MDA ; DPPH ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Pseudomonas putida ; plant growth ; plant nutrients ; soil enzymes ; soil nutrients ; soybean ; sweet pepper ; Bacillus ; chitosan ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; fruit yield ; plant growth promoting microorganisms ; abiotic stress ; biotic stress ; flavonoids ; biotic and abiotic stress ; symbiosis ; signaling ; rhizobium ; AMF ; allelopathy ; biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus ; root-knot nematode ; fermentation filtrate ; biological control ; seed germination ; α-Tocopherol ; antioxidants ; drought ; nutrient dynamics ; tissue specific response ; deep N fertilization ; peroxidase activity ; catalase activity ; rice cultivation ; ABA biosynthesis ; drought stress ; gene expression ; signaling network ; transporters ; Zea mays L. ; environmental stresses ; endophytic bacteria ; plant growth promoting ability ; chromium ; Staphylococcus aureus ; oxidative stress ; available phosphorus ; enriched compost ; poultry litter ; rock phosphate ; pear trees ; PGR ; sustainable development ; crop nutrition ; fertiliser ; Timac Agro Italia ; allelopathic bacteria ; antimetabolites ; phytotoxic metabolites ; rhizobacteria ; weed invasion ; anthocyanins ; color ; fruit size ; phenolics ; Punica granatum ; PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) ; tee tree oil ; plant biostimulants ; soil-borne phytopathogens ; antagonistic fungi ; biocontrol ; biotic effect ; crop production ; RIDER ; drylands ; water conservation ; biomass reduction ; cereal crops ; growth regulators ; metal stress ; sugar beet ; nitrogen fertilizer ; gibberellic acid ; TSS ; sugar yield ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book celebrates the 80 years of the Professor Eugene P. Wigner paper “On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group", published in The Annals of Mathematics in 1939. We have collected several contributions divided into Research articles and Reviews. All contributions are technical, but the papers also bring a health element of didactic. Practitioners from several areas, from Gravity to Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics, as well as students, shall find a rich material in this Volume.
    Keywords: spinors in 4d ; regularization ; anomalies ; quantum gravity ; quantum mechanics ; symmetry ; quantum cosmology ; special relativity ; combination of velocities ; wigner angle ; quaternions ; gauge field theory ; Yang-Mills fields ; modified gravity ; non-Riemannian geometry ; spacetime symmetries ; gauge field theories ; gauge anomalies ; nonperturbative techniques ; ray representation ; strongly continuous ; continuity ; Hilbert space ; entanglement ; bispinors ; chirality ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In the modern era of industrial revolution, urbanization, and deforestation of forest land, carbon (C) sequestration through well-known activities called “land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF)” could establish a win–win situation from a climate change and sustainable development perspective. Equally important are the socio-economic co-benefits of C sequestration, given their implications on properly designed policies, especially on restoration and/or conservation of forests located in the tropical eco-regions. Further, the huge contribution of C sequestered in the vegetation and its underlain soil helps to protect socio-economic damages from climate change. This book explores the C sequestration of vegetation and its underlying soil, deforestation, as well as its impact on climate change, a vulnerability risk assessment for the climate, socio-economic impacts, and the mitigation of future climate impact strategies. The theme of the book extends across environmental policy (e.g., the Paris Agreement and REDD+), C sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystems, the applicability of land use, and the C credit generated at regional and global scales. This book is highly useful for environmentalists, hydrologists, soil scientists, and policymakers to understand the C sequestration potential of the vegetation and underlying soil in the terrestrial ecosystems at the regional, national and global scale to further study the long-term impacts on socio-economic development resulting from its implementation via climate change modeling.
    Keywords: land ; use ; and ; cover ; soil ; health ; risk ; environmental ; chemistry ; biogeochemical ; ecological ; carbon ; sequestration ; vulnerability ; assessment ; stock ; forestry ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The world is observing the disastrous consequences of climate change. The recent bushfires in Australia in 2019-2020 have burned 16.8 million hectares of land and killed 1 billion animals (estimated). Although diesel vehicles are widely used all over the world due their innate high power output, adaptability, and affordability; the transport sector is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide, which is immensely accountable for global warming. The production of cleaner alternatives to diesel fuel will help to build a sustainable environment for future generations. The Special Issue contains papers from experts around the world addressing the mentioned issues and suggesting pathways to improve.
    Keywords: waste coffee grounds ; ultrasonic-assisted technology ; biodiesel ; optimisation ; compression ignition (CI) engine ; isopropanol ; combustion ; energy indicators ; ecological indicators ; high frequeny reciprocating rig ; palm-sesame biodiesel ; nanoparticle additives ; four-ball tribo tester ; engine characteristics ; tribological characteristics ; corrosion ; automotive materials ; green fuels ; corrosion test methods ; alcohol-to-jet ; alternative fuel ; SAF ; emission ; particles ; particulate matter ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book is generally focused on food choice and which factors are associated with the decisions that define people’s eating behaviour. These factor are highly variable and include influences from the surrounding environment as well as the individual characteristics of each person. The book includes a number of chapters that address these issues from different points of view. Some explore the psychology of food choices or the cultural aspects and tradition, as well as the influence of surrounding contexts. Others focus on the role of lifestyle on eating practices and health motivations, but also the food marketing and the sensory aspects of food, as a way to incentive consumption. Finally, sustainability concerns and environmental impacts can also shape and help change people’s food choices.Within the chapters gathered on this book you will find key topics that apply to everyday food choices or that can help target food consumption goals towards better health, more sustainable food chains and happier life styles.
    Keywords: eating determinants ; healthy diet ; emotions ; feeding behavior ; socio-cultural environment ; instrument validation ; edible flowers ; food security ; gourmet kitchen ; knowledge ; questionnaire survey ; supercritical CO2-drying ; beetroot snacks ; preference mapping ; mean drop analysis ; perceptions ; healthy eating ; emotional motivations ; individual differences ; perceived risk ; functional risk ; psychological risk ; social risk ; physical risk ; negative past experiences ; structural equation modeling ; consumer behavior ; buying intention ; consumer acceptance ; marketing innovation ; price ; beverages ; milk permeate ; wheat bran ; fruit/berry by-products ; antimicrobial properties ; antioxidant properties ; overall acceptability ; emotions induced for consumers ; literature survey ; Scopus ; brands ; consumer preferences ; milk ; cheese ; butter ; yogurt ; authenticity scale ; genuine ; cheese specialty ; country-of-origin labels ; product identification ; stated willingness to consume ; food choices ; health ; motivation ; BMI ; food behavior ; education ; food choice ; food consumption ; university ; workplace ; determinants ; barriers ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book collects articles published in a Special Issue of Molecules entitled "Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal-Catalysis". Transition metal catalysis is a powerful methodology for the direct synthesis of functionalized, high value-added molecules by the assembly of simple units in one step, and is acquiring increasing importance in modern organic synthesis. The book presents seven papers overall, two reviews and five original research articles, dealing with Pd-catalyzed arylation, Rh-catalyzed synthesis of organosulfur compounds, Rh-catalyzed reductive hydroformylation, V-catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbons, and Zn-, Pd- and Rh-catalyzed cyclization processes, leading to heterocyclic derivatives.
    Keywords: palladium ; indole ; indomethacin ; C-H functionalization ; sulfoximide ; C–H activation ; benzothiazine ; rhodium ; catalysis ; synthesis ; organosulfur compounds ; S-S bond cleavage ; chemical equilibrium ; reversible reaction ; alkynes ; annulation ; benzimidazoxazinones ; heterocycles ; polycyclic heterocycles ; heterocyclization ; zinc ; direct arylation ; pincer complexes ; vanadium(IV) complexes ; biological activity ; catalytic properties ; 8-hydroxyquinoline ; cytotoxicity studies ; hydroformylation ; hydrogenation ; tandem reaction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The papers included in this Special Issue tackle multiple aspects of how cities, districts, and buildings could evolve along with climate change and how this would impact our way of conceiving and applying design criteria, policies, and urban plans. Despite the multidisciplinary nature of the collection, some transversal take-home messages emerge: • Today’s energy-efficient paradigms may lose their virtuosity in the future unless accurate estimates of future scenarios are used to design modelling platforms and to inform legislative frameworks; • Acting at the local scale is key. Future climate change adaptation will be implemented at the local level. Overlooking regional and local specificities will contribute to inaccurate and inefficient action plans. As such, the smaller scale will become vital in predicting future urban metabolic rates and corresponding comfort-driven strategies; • Energy poverty, heat vulnerability, and social injustice are emerging as critical factors for planning and acting for future-proof cities on par of micro- and meso-climatological factors; • Given that the impacts of climate change will persist for many years, adaptation to this phenomenon should be prioritized by removing any prominent barrier and by enabling combinations of different mitigation technologies. These topics will receive a global reach in few decades, since also developing and underdeveloped countries are starting their fight against local climate change, with cities at the forefront.
    Keywords: outdoor space ; thermal environment ; radiation environment ; wind environment ; heat-related mortality ; built environment ; urban resilience ; extreme heat ; climate change ; urban heat island ; heat stress from outside ; indoor environments ; tropics ; multi-level office buildings ; coastal cities ; Mediterranean climate ; urban heat island intensity ; sample year ; climate change adaptation ; barriers ; focus group discussion ; Tehran ; structural equation modeling ; urban management ; near-zero energy buildings ; future scenarios ; energy efficiency ; adaptive comfort ; long-term performance ; urban heat ; Australia ; UHI effect ; mitigation ; bushfire smoke ; indoor air quality ; filtration ; building envelope ; energy ; future weather data ; building energy performance ; thermal comfort ; statistical downscaling of climate models ; dynamical downscaling of climate models ; urban modelling ; cities ; buildings ; decarbonization ; urbanisation ; climate ; densification ; population ; temperature ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This volume contains a series of papers prepared for presentation at the 14th International Coral Reef Symposium, originally planned for July 2020 in Bremen, Germany, but postponed until 2021 (online) and 2022 (in person) because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It contains a series of papers illustrating the breadth of modern studies on coral reefs and the response of the reef science community to the threats that coral reefs now face, above all from climate change. The first group of papers focus on the biology of a selection of reef organisms, ranging from sea fans to coral dwelling crabs. The next group describe studies of coral communities and ecological interactions in regions as diverse as Florida, Kenya, Colombia, and Norway. Further papers describe investigations into the effects of global warming (in the Maldives and in Timor-Leste) and of other impacts (UV blockers, ocean acidification). The final two papers describe the latest applications of satellite and camera technology to the challenge of mapping and monitoring reefs.
    Keywords: coral reefs ; cox1 ; H3 ; crustacea ; molecular systematics ; morphotypes ; Cassiopea xamachana ; C. frondosa ; Scyphozoan ; planulae ; settlement ; metamorphosis ; oxybenzone ; Gnathiidae ; Isopoda ; climate change ; ocean warming ; coral bleaching ; Great Barrier Reef ; Coral Triangle ; marine biomineralization ; inorganic mineralization ; ocean acidification (OA) ; omega ; dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) ; extracellular calcifying fluid (ECF) ; Maldives ; Indian Ocean ; El Niño ; mass coral bleaching ; coral mortality ; benthic cover ; satellite ; superspectral ; VHR ; topobathymetry ; LULC ; SUSC ; Moorea Island ; long-term mortality series ; population dynamics ; mass mortality ; octocorals ; habitat forming species ; extinction ; survival ; equilibrium points ; symbiodiniaceae ; zoantharians ; Trinidad coral reefs ; zooxanthellate ; biogeography ; Jaffna Peninsula ; coral mortality index ; DNA barcoding ; phylogeny ; biodiversity ; conservation ; ocean acidification ; carbonate chemistry dynamics ; biogeochemical dynamics ; in situ monitoring ; natural variability of environmental conditions ; Lophelia pertusa ; structural complexity ; coral reef ; Caribbean ; overfishing ; parrotfish ; Seaflower Biosphere Reserve ; reef ecology ; reef fish ; structure associations ; artificial structures ; symbiotic algae ; dinoflagellates ; Madagascar ; symbiosis ; coral reef ecosystem ; coral reef resilience ; global warming ; indicator species ; coral reef monitoring ; reef health ; review ; hyperspectral imaging ; marine optics ; ENSO ; temperature ; stable isotope ; coral disease ; coral health ; nutrients ; Indonesian ThroughFlow ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue is expected to advance our understanding of these emerging patterns, teleconnections, and extreme events in a changing world for more accurate prediction or projection of their changes especially on different spatial–time scales.
    Keywords: thunderstorm ; variability ; trend ; ENSO ; IOD ; Bangladesh ; parameter and prediction uncertainty ; IMD ; TRMM ; CFSR ; Nagavali River Basin Region (NRB) ; freezing level ; climate change ; central Chile ; CMIP5 ; flooding ; ARW model ; microphysical schemes ; North Indian Ocean ; tropical cyclones ; average track error ; skill score ; WSM3 ; zonal rainy season ; agronomic onset definition ; trend detection ; ENSO-teleconnection ; spatio-temporal patterns ; spatio-temporal scanning ; local spatial autocorrelation ; extreme precipitation ; land–atmosphere interaction ; water vapor ; weather research and forecasting model ; precipitation ; evapotranspiration ; tuning layer ; extreme climate indicators ; bi-variate copula ; Hurst exponent ; wavelet transform ; precipitation concentration index ; extreme rainfall ; spatial inter-dependency ; Silk Road pattern ; evolution characteristics ; summer temperature ; Yangtze River Valley ; S2S prediction ; Australian summer monsoon ; MJO ; subseasonal peak rainfall event ; North Atlantic Oscillation ; NAO ; rainfall signatures ; spatio-temporal analysis ; stratified Cox model ; heterogeneous Markov chain model ; likelihood ratio test ; primary delay ; arrival delay ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The importance of evapotranspiration is well-established in different disciplines such as hydrology, agronomy, climatology, and other geosciences. Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration are also vital to develop criteria for in-season irrigation management, water resource allocation, long-term estimates of water supply, demand and use, design and management of water resources infrastructure, and evaluation of the effect of land use and management changes on the water balance. The objective of this Special Issue is to define and discuss several ET terms, including potential, reference, and actual (crop) ET, and present a wide spectrum of innovative research papers and case studies.
    Keywords: evapotranspiration ; machine learning ; local ; spatial ; subhumid climate ; agricultural drought ; drought characteristics ; evapotranspiration deficit index ; parameter sensitivity ; temporal scale sensitivity ; water stress anomaly ; interception ; linear storage model ; evaporation ; cover crop ; water balance ; faba bean ; GK2A/AMI ; artificial neural network ; Korean Peninsula ; CWSI ; UAV ; remote sensing ; micrometeorological data ; spatial IRT measurements ; crop irrigation scheduling and management ; infrared radiometer sensors ; real-time data analysis ; water reservoir ; regression ; observed data ; ERA5-Land data ; R language ; precipitation ; drought ; Mann–Kendall ; trend analysis ; actual evapotranspiration ; potential evapotranspiration ; reference evapotranspiration ; evaporation paradox ; global dimming ; wind stilling ; forest fires ; groundwater ; stochastic simulation ; marginal structure ; long-range dependence ; Hurst–Kolmogorov dynamics ; RASPOTION ; parametric model ; hydrological calibration ; evapotranspiration estimation ; urban rain gardens ; lysimeters ; evapotranspiration models ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Remote sensing plays a pivotal role in understanding where and how floods and glacier geohazards occur; their severity, causes and types; and the risk that they may pose to populations, activities and properties. By providing a spectrum of imaging capabilities, resolutions and temporal and spatial coverage, remote sensing data acquired from satellite, aerial and ground-based platforms provide key geo-information to characterize and model these processes. This book includes research papers on novel technologies (e.g., sensors, platforms), data (e.g., multi-spectral, radar, laser scanning, GPS, gravity) and analysis methods (e.g., change detection, offset tracking, structure from motion, 3D modeling, radar interferometry, automated classification, machine learning, spectral indices, probabilistic approaches) for flood and glacier imaging. Through target applications and case studies distributed globally, these articles contribute to the discussion on the current potential and limitations of remote sensing in this specialist research field, as well as the identification of trends and future perspectives.
    Keywords: glacier surge ; glacier collapse ; rock-slope instability ; hazard ; Landsat ; Sentinel 2 ; Tibet ; flood extent mapping ; supervised classification ; NDWI ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; web application ; synthetic aperture radar ; offset tracking ; displacements ; Sentinel-1 ; glacier monitoring ; flood mapping ; damage assessment ; SAR image ; Landsat-8 ; Google Earth Engine ; GEE ; Bangladesh ; SAR intensity time series ; urban flood mapping ; double bounce effect ; Hurricane Matthew ; flood ; FPI ; GRACE ; terrestrial water storage anomaly ; storage deficit ; mass balance ; snow depth ; glacier retreat ; surface DEM ; elevation change ; Sentinel ; Secchi disk ; chlorophyll a ; sediments ; phytoplankton ; floods ; remote sensing ; GIS ; disaster mapping ; Lower Chenab Plain ; laserscanning ; UAV—structure from Motion ; multi-spectral satellite data ; synthetic Aperture Radar ; glacier lake evolution ; glacier river ; slope processes ; rock fall ; cryosphere ; fusion ; inundation probability ; Hurricane Harvey ; ADCIRC ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Environmental problems are forcing a rethinking of the world’s energy supply system. In parallel, there is an increasing amount of global solid waste production. A fundamental shift toward greater reliance on biomass wastes in the world’s energy system is plausible because of ongoing major technological advances that hold the promise of making the conversion of biomass into high-quality energy carriers, like electricity and gaseous or liquid fuels, economically competitive with fossil fuels. Therefore, waste-to-energy systems have become a paramount topic for both industry and researchers due to interest in energy production from waste and improved chemical and thermal efficiencies with more cost-effective designs. This biomass shift is also important for industries to become more efficient by using their own wastes to produce their own energy in the light of the circular economy concept. This book on “Biomass Wastes for Energy Production” brings novel advances on waste-to-energy technologies, life cycle assessment, and computational models, and contributes to promoting rethinking of the world’s energy supply systems.
    Keywords: torrefaction ; biorenewable energy ; biowaste ; biocoal ; alternative fuel ; waste management ; manure ; thermal valorization ; thermogravimetric analysis ; differential scanning calorimetry ; autothermal gasification ; downdraft reactor ; thermodynamics ; chemical equilibrium ; carbon boundary point ; dairy wastewater ; biogas ; anaerobic digestion ; anaerobic horizontal flow reactor ; microwave radiation ; ultrasound ; biomass residues ; forestry ; thermal treatment ; biomass valorization ; torrefied material properties ; biomass gasification ; demonstration-scale plant ; syngas ; circular economy ; wastewater management ; activated carbon adsorption ; steam boilers ; co-firing ; biomass ; characteristics ; boiler efficiency ; GHG emissions ; decision parameters ; result parameters ; structural parameters ; peach pruning residues ; electricity production ; life cycle assessment ; LCA ; biomass-to-energy ; biomass waste ; competing uses ; biomass applications ; bio-based economy ; biomass value pyramid ; co-occurrence analysis ; internal combustion engines-generator ; small-scale systems ; energy efficiency ; techno-economic analysis ; Monte Carlo method ; organic waste ; energy recovery ; cost analysis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: There are a total of 22 caves and karst wells with more than 25 specialized species resident (stygobionts and troglobionts). In this Special Issue, 14 of these sites are described in detail, along with the specialized fauna. An additional paper describes the richest known cave in China. A summary paper puts all 22 subterranean biodiversity sites in context.
    Keywords: α-diversity ; biogeography ; biospeleology ; cave biology ; caves ; hotspots ; invertebrates ; subterranean biodiversity ; Movile Cave ; Romania ; chemoautotrophically based ; groundwater ecosystem ; hotspot caves ; Ojo Guareña natural monument ; stygobionts ; troglobionts ; Križna jama ; troglobiont ; checklist ; lava tubes ; geology ; fauna ; paleontology ; conservation ; Canary Islands ; phreatic karst aquifer ; stygobite ; species richness ; temporal dynamics ; beta-diversity ; hotspot ; speleobiology ; Postojna-Planina Cave System ; Slovenia ; basaltic lava flow ; cave ecology ; arthropods ; tropical cave fauna ; Bayliss Cave ; Psilotum ; biodiversity ; seamount ; ecology ; cave ; Huanjiang ; Guangxi ; South China Karst ; troglomorphy ; karst ; stygobiont ; hotspot cave ; sampling biases ; Southeast Asia ; cave fauna ; troglobitics ; arachnids ; insects ; millipedes ; n/a ; groundwater ; arid zone ; mining ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The book is devoted to the design, application and characterization of thin films and structures, with special emphasis on optical applications. It comprises ten papers—five featured and five regular—authored by scientists all over the world. Diverse materials are studied and their possible applications are demonstrated and discussed—transparent conductive coatings and structures from ZnO doped with Al and Ga and Ti-doped SnO2, polymers and nanosized zeolite thin films for optical sensing, TiO2 with linear and nonlinear optical properties, organic diamagnetic materials, broadband optical coatings, CrWN glass molding coatings, and silicon on insulator waveguides.
    Keywords: faraday rotation ; thin films ; magneto-optics ; organic material ; tolane derivatives ; optical coatings ; monitoring ; deposition ; titanium dioxide ; optical constants ; two-photon absorption ; nonlinear refraction ; scattering ; laser-induced deflection ; absorption measurement ; CrWN coatings ; microstructure evolution ; spinodal decomposition ; thermal stability ; hardness ; plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering ; sidewall roughness ; optical scattering loss ; silicon-on-insulator waveguide ; multilayer ; ZnO ; Ag ; TCO ; transmittance ; structure ; resistance ; SnO2 ; Ti-doped ; annealing temperature ; electrical resistivity ; optical sensors ; optical materials ; zeolites ; ellipsometry ; single wavelength ellipsometry ; spectroscopic ellipsometry ; poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers ; humidity sensing ; Al-doped ZnO ; ALD technique ; transparent conductive layers ; LC display ; flexible PDLC devices ; transparent conductive coatings ; optical sensing ; broadband design ; linear and non-linear optical properties ; organic diamagnetic materials ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as a key part of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, have become increasingly important in recent years, owing to their potential impact on building a more sustainable future. Compared with other batteries developed, LIBs offer high energy density, high discharge power, and a long service life. These characteristics have facilitated a remarkable advance of LIBs in many frontiers, including electric vehicles, portable and flexible electronics, and stationary applications. Since the field of LIBs is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is necessary to often provide the community with the latest updates. Therefore, this book was designed to focus on updating the electrochemical community with the latest advances and prospects on various aspects of LIBs. The materials presented in this book cover advances in several fronts of the technology, ranging from detailed fundamental studies of the electrochemical cell to investigations to better improve parameters related to battery packs.
    Keywords: lithium-ion batteries ; coulombic efficiency ; capacity loss ; production strategies ; laser cutting ; cell manufacturing ; automotive pouch cells ; spent batteries and accumulators ; Li-ion cells ; legislation ; recycling ; porosity ; manufacturing ; tolerance ; Lithium-Ion ; capacity ratio ; electrolyte volume ; resistance measurement ; contact quality ; laser beam welding ; aluminium ; copper ; battery systems ; spatial power modulation ; single mode fibre laser ; EIS ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; characterization ; diagnostics ; abuse test ; high temperature ; degradation ; safety ; ultrasonics ; ultrasound ; strain ; gassing ; gas evolution ; lithium-ionbattery ; Cahn-Hilliard equation ; intercalation ; particle size distribution ; battery safety ; hazard analysis ; gas analysis ; lithium-ion ; thermal runaway ; vent particle analysis ; vent gas emission ; internal resistance ; battery parameters ; equivalent circuit model ; capacity fade ; secondary applications ; end-of-life ; cell balancing ; temperature effects ; equivalent circuit models ; Li-ion battery packs ; thermal management systems ; electric vehicles ; sensitivity ; electrolyte ; lithium ion battery ; 4DM ; terminal voltage ; side reactions ; lithium-ion battery ; bipolar battery ; polymer-carbon composite ; current collector ; water-based electrode slurries ; carbon primer ; CNTs ; LMNO ; LTO ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue of “Applications of SERS” for Nanomaterials is a collection of articles which is representative of much of the current research being undertaken in the field of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. SERS is a fascinating, multidisciplinary field of scientific study which combines elements from chemistry, physics, material science, and engineering. Essentially, SERS is a molecular spectroscopy technique by which a measurable Raman signal for molecules on metal and semiconductor surfaces is generated through the interaction of laser light, absorbed molecules, and structured nanomaterial surfaces. This Special Issue contains an article regarding the fabrication of metal nanostructured Ag-Cu chips for SERS chemical analysis and ] the electromagnetic properties of Ag, Au, and Al nano-tips for use in the SERS imaging technique for tip-enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS). In another article, SERS spectra were simulated using density Functional Theory (DFT/TD-DFT) for the N3 dye molecule on a TiO2 nanocluster, which can be compared to experimental SERS spectra found in studies of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). In two other articles, the SERS photoinduced charge-transfer mechanism was studied experimentally in wide-bandgap semiconductors regarding molecules on ZrO2 and a composite system with molecules that linked Au nanorods and a CuO2 shell. An example of the use of SERS in solid-state physics is shown in an article which examined the effect of oxygen vacancy defects in MO3 on the SERS mechanism. Finally, this Special Issue contains two noteworthy examples of SERS applications for biochemical and chemical analysis. One paper addresses the detection of the COVID-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using SERS, and the other examines a SERS assay of the notorious herbicide glyphosate. In these papers, nanomaterials all served as the enhancing substrate, while some acted as the physical–chemical system which was being investigated.
    Keywords: glyphosate ; isotopic Raman shifts ; SERS ; ninhydrin reaction ; TERS ; nano-cones ; nano-cavities ; plasmon ; numerical ; analytical model ; length-to-diameter ratios ; core–shell ; surface plasmon resonance ; au nanorods ; Cu2O ; oxygen vacancy defects ; Ag/MoO3 composite ; charge-transfer ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; silver colloids ; aptamer ; optical sensor ; respiratory viral infections ; Raman ; surface enhance Raman scattering ; charge transfer ; surface geometry ; UV-VIS ; DSSC ; N3 and related Ru bipyridyl dyes ; ZrO2 ; M phase ; T phase ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering ; copper ; SERS chip ; chemical reduction ; hydrophobicity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems and the water they hold have attracted people over the centuries. With the technological development and increasing needs of human society, the attitude to water and aquatic ecosystems has changed. Consequently, biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems has declined dramatically and it is still decreasing. Anthropogenic exploitation of these ecosystems and alterations of their hydrology has largely influenced hydrology-shaped plant communities. This Special Issue, “Hydrology-Shaped Plant Communities: Diversity and Ecological Function” brings new outcomes about the interactions between hydrological factors and wide spectrum of plant communities. In ecosystems, where human activities directly or indirectly affected the hydrological factors, dependent plant communities have also changed or even disappeared. These plant communities have multiple ecological functions, and one of the most important are the maintenance of water quality and enhancement of local and regional diversity of other biotic communities like diatoms, invertebrates or fish. Thus, detailed knowledge and suitable management of hydrology-shaped plant communities is a prerequisite for their unconstrained ecological functions and high diversity of aquatic ecosystems in the widest sense. The Special Issue consists of ten peer-reviewed papers on plant communities in a variety of ecosystems - from the small kettle-holes in the lowlands of northern Germany to the river Danube - the largest river within the European Union, and from different wetland types in Central Europe to the Donggting Lake – fourth largest lake in China.
    Keywords: spatial-temporal dynamics ; aquatic vegetation ; water level fluctuation ; Longgan lake ; Google Earth Engine ; Phragmites australis ; water level fluctuations ; temperature ; morphometric parameters ; biomass allocation ; oospores ; gyrogonites ; Baltic Sea ; wave exposure ; charophyte stands ; seafloor topography ; salinity gradient ; plant communities ; habitat ; meadow ; Pannonian Plain ; Trifolion pallidi ; vegetation ; carbon stocks ; hardwood floodplain forest ; hydrological conditions ; floodplain ecology ; ponds ; small wetlands ; macrophytes ; changes in the water surface ; hydrological variability ; succession ; climate change ; unmanned aerial system ; Danube ; large river ; neophytes ; distribution ; growth forms ; rivers ; streams ; Slovenia ; chromosome number ; climatic niche ; distribution trends ; ecological niche ; fishpond habitats ; genome size ; genetic diversity ; Isoëto-Nanojuncetea ; soil seed bank ; species diversity ; automatic sensor system ; Central Europe ; fish farming ; freshwater algae ; epiphytic diatoms ; functional species groups ; threatened species ; vascular plants ; wave action ; wetland vegetation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.
    Keywords: air pollution ; air quality ; 1950–2018 ; Czechoslovakia ; emissions ; aerosol ; ground-level ozone ; atmospheric deposition ; health outcomes ; environmental issues ; particles ; traffic ; dispersion ; PM10 ; pollution ; F-gases ; greenhouse gases ; global warming potential ; substitutes for ozone depleting substances ; Czech Republic ; microsensors ; particle counter ; gas analyzers ; relative humidity ; mixing layer height ; ceilometer ; suspended particulate matter ; Czech-Polish border ; urban parks ; particulate matter ; nitrogen oxides ; ozone ; PM pollution ; seasonality ; meteorological conditions ; source apportionment ; PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) ; PM2.5 ; long-term trends ; background scale ; locomotives ; non-road engines ; rail ; diesel-electric ; real-world emissions ; portable on-board emissions monitoring systems ; NOx ; real driving emissions ; urban canopy ; weather prediction ; validation ; PM1 aerosol ; elements ; water-soluble ions ; factor analysis ; benzo(a)pyrene ; ambient air concentrations ; spatial-temporal ; population exposure ; transboundary transport ; meteorological factors ; monitoring stations ; Passing–Bablok test ; regression analysis ; statistical modeling ; analysis of variance ; tower ; high-volume sampler ; wind-direction-dependent sampling ; neutron activation analysis ; elemental composition ; cross-border pollution transport ; AIR BORDER ; Czech-Polish borderlands ; Interreg ; NO2 ; passive sampler ; Dieselgate ; Prague ; traffic volume ; citizen science ; public policy ; health effects ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book focuses on the tools and methods used for tackling the complexity of the different hydrological and hydrogeological set-ups, the hydrodynamic patterns, the site specifications, and the wide variability of internal and external factors and/or processes on the catchment-scale level that impose the need for combined integrated approaches of robust methods. This Special Issue aims to provide successful applications or new insights on the stand-alone or joint considerations of groundwater resources assessment and characterization methods and explore new state-of-the-art methodological concepts in light of a rapidly changing environment.
    Keywords: drought ; precipitation ; SPI ; groundwater salinization ; karst ; seawater intrusion ; Soil and Water Assessment Tool ; SEAWAT model ; irrigation management ; groundwater ; climate change ; sea level rise ; nitrate ; leachate ; modelling ; validation ; state scale ; integrated water resources management ; coastal agricultural basin ; groundwater nitrate pollution ; hydrochemistry ; hydrodynamics ; environmental isotopes ; Tirnavos basin ; groundwater recharge ; groundwater sustainability ; hydrology models ; Modder River ; sustainability index ; GALDIT ; monthly vulnerability ; seawater intrusion (SWI) ; vulnerability assessment ; effective weight ; densely populated area ; freshwater–saltwater interactions ; multilayer coastal aquifer ; hydro-geochemistry ; Tevere River delta ; Ostia Antica archaeological park ; drinking and irrigation water scarcity ; groundwater potential mapping ; machine learning ; remote sensing ; GIS ; karstic mountainous aquifers ; Morocco ; hydrogeological properties ; natural groundwater fluctuations ; semi-arid zones ; depleting groundwater resources ; Guadalupe Valley Aquifer ; chromium ; ultramafic rocks ; springs ; water–rock interaction ; natural background levels ; aquifer ; intrinsic vulnerability ; RIVA method ; index-overlay method ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book covers a broad range of sea surface temperature studies from very different points of view and scales; the SST is observed from very local to regional and oceanic scales. The chapters of this book move from local and remote data sensing validation to local and regional trend analysis, and also give some insight into marine heatwaves and future climate scenarios.
    Keywords: sea surface temperature ; upper ocean heat content ; hurricane intensity ; Northeast Pacific ; Hawaii ; Hurricane Genevieve ; Hurricane Iselle ; Hurricane Julio ; satellite SST ; in situ ; coral reefs ; water temperature ; internal waves ; upwelling ; advection ; climate change ; coral bleaching ; air temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Split ; Hvar ; Komiža ; decadal and seasonal SST variation ; East China Shelf Seas ; CMIP5 ; WOA18 ; marine heatwaves ; Eastern Mediterranean Sea ; maximum intensity ; wind stress ; mean sea level pressure ; Red Sea ; marine heat wave ; duration ; frequency ; El Niño ; the NECC ; east of the dateline ; Pacific Ocean ; climate variability ; extreme events ; global climate models ; ecosystems ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Antioxidants in food have a dual role; on the one hand, they preserve the quality and shelf life of food products; on the other hand, they function as an external aid, helping to defend our living cells from the threat of oxidative stress. Therefore, foods rich in antioxidants are a useful tool to reduce morbidity and prevent degenerative diseases. Consequently, research related to antioxidants is continually growing. This book brings together 21 articles regarding the latest advances in the most relevant fields of food antioxidant research; from the identification and characterization of new active components, to their molecular mechanisms and the scientific evidence of their clinical use and effectiveness.
    Keywords: green tea extract ; food processing ; tannase ; ultrasound ; antioxidant activity ; liver injury ; acclimatisation ; antioxidant defences ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; in vitro culture ; peroxidase ; stevia plants ; 7S basic globulins ; anti-inflammatory protein ; antioxidant protein ; cytokines ; glutathione ; iNOS ; nitric oxide ; oxidative stress ; sweet lupins group ; home-cooking ; extra virgin olive oil ; UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS ; healthy cooking ; Mediterranean diet ; phenolic compounds ; bioactive compounds ; functional pasta ; gluten-free pasta ; bioaccessibility ; bioavailability ; whole grain ; composite flour ; legumes ; food by-products ; avocados (Persea americana Mill.) ; low temperatures ; plastochromanol-8 ; tocotrienols ; tocopherols ; tocochromanols ; kombucha ; tea ; fermentation ; antioxidant ; flavonoids ; polyphenols ; ascorbic acid ; chlorophyll and carotenoid content ; biodiversity ; Capsicum annuum L. ; β-carotene ; statistical analysis ; rye bread ; microencapsulation ; phenolics ; in vitro relative bioaccessibility ; lipoxygenase ; cyclooxygenase ; acetylcholinesterase ; biological activity ; lycopene ; antioxidants ; cancer ; diabetes ; cardiovascular diseases ; skin disorders ; free radicals ; spectrophotometer ; limitations ; chemical reactions ; colorimetry ; anthraquinone ; free radical scavenging ; inflammatory cytokines ; apoptosis ; Rumex crispus ; skins ; seeds ; Vitis vinifera ; cyclic voltammetry ; anthocyanin metabolites ; cardioprotection ; hepatoprotection ; nephroprotection ; neuroprotection ; antioxidant peptides ; element of pork carcasses ; spectrometric analysis ; ascorbate ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; capsaicin ; catalase ; dihydrocapsaicin ; NADP-dehydrogenases ; superoxide dismutase ; red cabbage ; in vitro gastrointestinal digestion ; acid-resistant capsule ; UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS ; apples ; reducing and chelating capacity ; HPLC–DAD–MS/MS ; Dillenia indica ; heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) ; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ; RAW 264.7 cells ; apo-carotenals ; bone ; osteoclasts ; NFκB ; synergy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Natural products are bioactive compounds synthesized by terrestrial and marine plants, microorganisms and animals, whose main objective is to prevent them from attacks by predators and/or pathogens. Traditionally since ancient times, different cultures have used these compounds for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases. During the last few years, it has been reported that most of these phytochemicals possess a variety of interesting and significant biological properties, such as analgesic, antiallodynic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor and normal growth stimulants, as well as significant cardioprotective and neuroprotective activity. This thematic book aims to collect and disseminate some of the most significant and recent contributions of the use of the natural compounds called phytochemicals, as well as some of their chemical derivatives, for the prevention and treatment of cancer and other accompanying diseases. On the other hand, in recent years, the synthesis of numerous chemical derivatives of these natural compounds has also intensified, with the aim of enhancing their bioactive capacities. Among all these bioactivities, special attention has been paid to its antitumor capacity through the potential modulation of cancer initiation and growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, angiogenesis, and metastatic dissemination. In addition, a considerable number of studies have linked their anticancer effects to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    Keywords: total phenolic content ; total flavonoid content ; GC-MS ; DPPH ; antioxidant ; anticancer agent ; anti-inflammatory agent ; gingival fibroblasts ; oral cancer ; natural extract ; Adenosma bracteosum ; extract ; anti-cancer ; cell line ; isolated compounds ; caspase-3 ; bioactive compounds ; metabolites ; wine ; grapes ; breast cancer ; chemoprevention ; chemotherapy ; squamous cell carcinoma ; Moringa oleifera ; 3-hydroxy-β-ionone ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidant enzymes ; anti-proliferative activity ; maslinic acid ; melanoma ; Olea europaea L. ; ROS levels ; photodynamic therapy ; cancer ; photosensitiser ; natural compounds ; Elaeagnus angustifolia ; EMT ; apoptosis ; AKT/PI3K signaling pathway ; human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells ; migration activity ; proliferation ; oxidative stress ; ROS level ; uvaol ; lung metastases ; in vivo ; complementary medicine ; medicinal mushrooms ; triterpenoic acid ; tormentic acid ; betulinic acid ; oleanolic acid ; rhodamine B ; cytotoxicity ; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ; Pogostemon cablin (PPa extract) ; cell cycle ; synergism ; natural photosensitive compounds ; anticancer activity ; hypericin ; emodin ; quinizarin ; danthron ; interaction ; DNA ; glioblastoma (GBM) ; lactucopicrin (LCTP) ; temozolomide (TMZ) ; autophagy ; NF-κB ; p62/SQSM1 ; natural product ; therapeutic triglyceride ; xenograft study ; Caveolin-1 ; actin cytoskeleton ; betulin glycoconjugates ; click chemistry ; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Since its first observation in 1850, ion-exchange (IEx) has become a fundamental process in many applications involving water treatment, catalysis, chromatography, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Starting from the early 1900s, another relevant application of IEx has been in the glass industry, with the surface tempering of glass produced by a K+–Na+ ion exchange. Nowadays, photonics has greatly exploited IEx technology: graded-index microlenses, graded-index fibers and integrated optical waveguides and devices are examples of achievements made possible by the IEx process. Moreover, ion-exchange is possible in ferroelectric crystals, too, and has been fundamental for the development of many linear and nonlinear integrated optical devices in lithium niobate and tantalate.This volume collects articles published in the corresponding Special Issue of the Applied Sciences journal. Four review articles, written by internationally renowned experts in this field, provide complementary overviews of the history, fundamental aspects, designs and fabrications of devices, and technological achievements. Three articles describe original research in the fields of diffraction grating, photo-thermo-refractive glasses, and Yb-doped lithium niobate. This volume constitutes a valuable and updated reference for all students and researchers wishing to improve their knowledge and/or make use of ion-exchange technology and its applications.
    Keywords: thermal diffusion ; active waveguide devices ; laser active materials ; ion-exchange ; phase gratings ; diffractive optics ; ion exchange ; silver ; photo-thermo-refractive glass ; silver nanoparticles ; silver molecular clusters ; silver bromide nanocrystals ; integrated photonics ; glass photonics ; optical sensors ; waveguides ; lasers ; optical glasses ; glass strengthening ; noble metal nanoparticles ; rare earths ; luminescence enhancement ; SERS ; flexible photonics ; whispering gallery mode microresonators ; photovoltaic cell ; ion exchange in glass ; ion diffusion ; glass waveguides ; glass poling ; metal nanoparticles ; ion-exchanged glass ; active optical waveguides ; quantum integrated optics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book deals with the latest developments regarding urban and industrial wastewaters’ adapted treatment with various technologies. It focuses, through valuable publications, on the shifting of the wastewater management paradigm from “treatment and disposal” to “the 4Rs principle: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Recover”. The adapted wastewater treatment step will allow (i) the disposal of supplementary water amounts that could be safely reused in order to tackle the water-scarcity problem, and (ii) the preservation of the environment against pollution. Finally, this book will contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and other international related initiatives.
    Keywords: OMWW ; drying ; water recovery ; water characterization ; sustainable development ; alternating current ; coupling ; hybrid material ; biosorption ; wastewater reuse ; protein adsorption ; neutral solute ; ultrafiltration ; selectivity modelling ; pore size distribution ; raw poultry manure ; pyrolysis ; biochar ; characterization ; leaching ; phosphorus ; potassium ; grey water ; SBR ; fouling ; zeta potential ; norovirus ; water reuse ; water quality ; mineral processing ; wastewater treatment ; flotation ; electrocoagulation (EC) ; chemical oxygen demand (COD) ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; PHA ; PHBV ; mixed microbial culture ; green extraction ; dimethyl carbonate ; purification ; 1-butanol ; wastewater valorization ; reclaimed water ; circular economy ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; reuse ; water pricing ; water depletion ; industrial sector ; lignite ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; batch ; isotherm ; mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Energy storage currently plays an important role in the electricity systems. Innovative energy storage solutions will play an important role in ensuring the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grids in the European Union. Pumped storage hydropower systems are the most mature technology of energy storage and account for over 90% of installed energy storage capacity wordwide. However, PSH technology is constrained by topography and land availability in flat areas. In addition, PSH plants are controversial due to their impacts on landscape, land use and the environment. Conversely, underground energy storage systems may be an interesting alternative to increase the energy storage capacity with low envoronmental impacts.To help address and resolve these types of questions, this book is comprised of eleven chapters that explore new ways of energy stororage reducing the environmental impacts caused by the installation of conventional energy storage systems, as well as to increase the energy storage capacity and promote the use of disused underground space, such as abandoned mines and quiarries.The chapters included in this book cover a wide spectrum of issues related to underground energy storage systems. Advances in underground pumped storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy storage systems are presented. Finally, we would like to thank both the MDPI publishing and editorial staff for their excellent work and support, as well as the authors who collaborated with your interesting research works.
    Keywords: energy storage ; underground pumped storage ; economic feasibility ; ancillary services ; day-ahead market ; underground space ; mining structures ; underground reservoir ; empirical analysis ; numerical modelling ; hydropower plants ; hydrogen ; underground storage ; leakage ; monitoring ; protocol ; helium ; aquifer ; renewable energy ; hydropower ; mine ; groundwater ; environmental impacts ; efficiency ; wind energy ; photovoltaics ; wind curtailment ; mesoscale atmospheric model ; hydro-pumped storage ; abandoned mines ; underground reservoirs ; CAES ; analytical modelling ; sealing layer ; environmental impact ; hydrogen storage ; sealing liners ; Liner Rock Caverns ; epoxy resin ; hydrogen permeability ; exergy ; salt caverns ; pumped storage hydropower ; energy storage system ; quarry ; open pit ; hydrochemistry ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Over the past decade, the worldwide decline in honey bee populations has been an important issue due to its implications for beekeeping and honey production. Honey bee pathologies are continuously studied by researchers, in order to investigate the host–parasite relationship and its effect on honey bee colonies. For these reasons, the interest of the veterinary community towards this issue has increased recently, and honey bee health has also become a subject of public interest. Bacteria, such as Melissococcus plutonius and Paenibacillus larvae, microsporidia, such as Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, fungi, such as Ascosphaera apis, mites, such as Varroa destructor, predatory wasps, including Vespa velutina, and invasive beetles, such as Aethina tumida, are “old” and “new” subjects of important veterinary interest. Recently, the role of host–pathogen interactions in bee health has been included in a multifactorial approach to the study of these insects’ health, which involves a dynamic balance among a range of threats and resources interacting at multiple levels. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore honey bee health through a series of research articles that are focused on different aspects of honey bee health at different levels, including molecular health, microbial health, population genetic health, and the interaction between invasive species that live in strict contact with honey bee populations.
    Keywords: text-mining ; topic modeling ; colony collapse disorder ; genomics ; Varroa mite ; honey bee health ; Apis mellifera ; GABA ; beta-alanine ; oxalic acid ; diet effect ; microbiota ; bee ; silicone band ; hive ; passive sampler ; honey bee ; virus ; DWV-A ; hive products ; honey ; pollen ; wax ; Nosema ceranae ; Nosema apis ; epidemiology ; replacement ; ecoregions ; North Asia ; DNA analysis ; health ; Lotmaria passim ; Melissococcus plutonius ; pathology ; Tropilaelaps ; Varroa destructor ; honey bees ; mites ; viruses ; behavior ; social immunity ; Africanized bees ; microsatellites ; Uruguay ; honeybee ; One-Health ; nexus ; landscape ; beekeeper ; pathogens ; histopathology ; testes ; microsporidia ; Hsp70 gene ; 16S rRNA gene ; garlic ; viability ; prevalence ; infection intensity ; seasonality ; bee longevity ; bee population ; honey stores ; CCD ; mite ; reproductive rate ; worker brood ; infestation level ; longevity ; distribution ; model ; honey bee model ; grooming ; drones ; chronic bee paralysis virus ; Varroa infestation control ; nosemosis ; hairless black syndrome ; honeybee veterinary medicine ; acute bee paralysis ; chronic bee paralysis ; deformed wing virus ; varroa infestation ; honey bee losses ; viral diseases ; nosematosis ; negative pressures ; bee hive monitoring ; real-time monitoring ; sound measurement ; swarming detection ; queen bee detection ; sound analysis ; acaricides ; primer pheromone ; hydrocarbon profiles ; survival ; Nosema disease ; dark forest bee ; Apis mellifera mellifera ; microsatellite loci ; association ; gut microbiota ; gut mycobiota ; season ; Apis mellifera L. ; unicellular ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: There is an increasing need for scholars and scientists to not only conduct research that has a significant impact on society but also to communicate that research widely. Such research outreach also contributes to engaging wide, diverse audiences. As such, the discursive practices have become more and more complex, multimodal, and multimedia-based for scholars and scientists. Scientific communication is currently shared to a great extent with peers in technology-mediated contexts, which allows formal scientific publications to be opened to public viewing. Alongside this so-called “primary output” (Puschmann 2015), new ways, modes, and discourses are being used to bring science closer to a lay audience and promote citizen participation. The affordances of existing and emergent platforms are fostering a change in audience roles, and with it, the erosion of boundaries between scientific communities and the general public, entailing the dissemination of scientific information and knowledge beyond the former (Trench 2008). We are thus witnessing the development of discursive practices which may be referred to as instances of “parascientific communication”. These practices transcend previously well-delimited communities and spheres of communication. Parascientific genres are evolving based on authoritative or expert knowledge (communicated through conventional, sanctioned scientific genres) but not subjected to the filters of internal, formal science communication (Kelly and Miller 2016). This Special Issue seeks to gain a better understanding of the purposes and specific features of these new scientific communication practices.
    Keywords: preprints ; open science ; science communication ; social media ; Total SciComm ; COVID-19 ; health communication ; user-generated content ; reader comments ; vaccines ; vaccine denial ; conspiracy theories ; digital news articles ; citizens’ agentive power ; parascientific genres ; pseudoscience ; COVID-19 information ; knowledge communication ; knowledge-building processes ; multimodality ; social media engagement ; discourse analysis ; digital humanities ; textometry ; authority ; legitimacy ; blog posts ; dialogicity ; identity ; personal vs. institutional blogs ; graphical abstracts ; genre hybridity ; stylisation ; interpretive complexity ; visual literacy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book compiles a set of original and innovative papers included in the Special Issue on UAVs for vegetation monitoring, which proves the wide scope of UAVs in very diverse vegetation applications, both in agricultural and forestry scenarios, ranging from the characterization of relevant vegetation features to the detection of plant or crop stressors. New methods and techniques are developed and applied to diverse vegetation scenarios to meet the main challenge of sustainability.
    Keywords: UAS ; UAV ; vegetation cover ; multispectral ; land cover ; forest ; Acacia ; Indonesia ; tropics ; vegetation ground cover ; vegetation indices ; agro-environmental measures ; olive groves ; southern Spain ; sUAS ; water stress ; ornamental ; container-grown ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; deep learning ; neural network ; visual recognition ; precision agriculture ; canopy cover ; image analysis ; crop mapping ; evapotranspiration (ET) ; GRAPEX ; remote sensing ; Two Source Energy Balance model (TSEB) ; contextual spatial domain/resolution ; data aggregation ; eddy covariance (EC) ; Fusarium wilt ; crop disease ; banana ; multispectral remote sensing ; purple rapeseed leaves ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; U-Net ; plant segmentation ; nitrogen stress ; Glycine max ; RGB ; canopy height ; close remote sensing ; growth model ; curve fitting ; NDVI ; solar zenith angle ; flight altitude ; time of day ; operating parameters ; CNN ; Faster RCNN ; SSD ; Inception v2 ; patch-based CNN ; MobileNet v2 ; detection performance ; inference time ; disease detection ; cotton root rot ; plant-level ; single-plant ; plant-by-plant ; classification ; UAV remote sensing ; crop monitoring ; RGB imagery ; multispectral imagery ; century-old biochar ; semantic segmentation ; random forest ; crop canopy ; multispectral image ; chlorophyll content ; remote sensing technique ; individual plant segmentation ; plant detection ; transfer learning ; maize tassel ; tassel branch number ; convolution neural network ; VGG16 ; plant nitrogen estimation ; vegetation index ; image segmentation ; transpiration ; method comparison ; oil palm ; multiple linear regression ; support vector machine ; artificial neural network ; UAV hyperspectral ; wheat yellow rust ; disease monitoring ; texture ; spatial resolution ; RGB camera ; thermal camera ; drought tolerance ; forage grass ; HSV ; CIELab ; broad-sense heritability ; phenotyping gap ; high throughput field phenotyping ; UAV digital images ; winter wheat biomass ; multiscale textures ; red-edge spectra ; least squares support vector machine ; variable importance ; drone ; hyperspectral ; thermal ; nutrient deficiency ; weed detection ; disease diagnosis ; plant trails ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue entitled “Environmental Restoration of Metal-Contaminated Soils” focuses on the issues linked to soils contaminated with heavy metals and metalloids, dealing with current research activities around the world at the laboratory and field scale. These activities are the pillars for the application of strategies on a real-world scale, to remediate industrial soils affected by the problem. When an industrial soil contains pollutants, the main problem is the removal of these compounds. However, other features are present, linked to the health of the population living in its proximity. This Special Issue reports experimental run findings with the aim of removing heavy metals and/or metalloids from soil, making use of challenging techniques, and also demonstrating approaches for the assessment of the risks to human health.
    Keywords: seedling biomass ; heavy metals ; soil amelioration ; urban gardens ; pollution ; contaminated soil ; amendment ; edible plants ; metal ; citric acid ; EDTA ; electrokinetic remediation ; bioaccessibility ; bioavailability ; metals ; contaminated sites ; risk assessment ; natural sorbents ; ameliorants ; disturbed lands ; adsorption ; recultivation ; environmental remediation ; revitalization ; renaturation ; restoration ; rehabilitation ; reclamation ; heavy metals and metalloids ; removal techniques ; hydrophobic ; copper ; microfluidics ; pH change ; remediation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue aims to make a concrete technical contribution to the solution of the various problems related to indoor air pollution. In 11 papers, international scientists report the last findings in this field from different points of view including topics such as the IAQ legislation, the role of IAQ in schools, hospitals and (micro)environments in general, the performance of an olfactometer system or the impact of an indoor malodor, BTEX measures in a Fire Station, and a chemical characterization of e-cigarette (e-cig) refill liquids (e-liq). It seems appropriate to encourage the development of reference values or specific action values in order to better manage particularly problematic situations in these environments. In the absence of national references to be used for a comparison, it is possible to use those reported in the legislation of other European countries or, by ad hoc working groups or by analogy, to use other standards such as those relating to ambient air.
    Keywords: indoor air quality ; aerosols ; particle size distributions ; ultrafine particles ; particulate matter (PM) ; smoking ; combustion ; malodor ; indoor air ; human olfaction ; volatile organic comound (VOC) ; microbial volatile organic compound (MVOC) ; VOC ; MVOC ; health effects ; smell ; malodor mitigation ; air fresheners ; fragrance ; computational fluid dynamics ; CO2 concentration ; Sansevieria trifasciata ; ventilation ; educational buildings ; schools ; field measurements ; indoor air quality (IAQ) ; thermal comfort ; thermal perception ; health symptoms ; air infiltration ; healthcare settings ; chemical and biological pollution ; quality improvement ; Italian context ; legislation ; Europe ; focus ; residential ; pollutants ; TLV ; health ; workers ; school ; electronic cigarettes ; flavoring additives ; BTEX ; contamination ; headspace solid micro phase extraction ; gas chromatography-olfactometry ; human health ; EU regulation ; BTEXS ; health exposure ; occupational risk ; markers of exposure ; air quality ; odor threshold ; olfactometry ; Sniffin’ Sticks ; chemosensory perception ; validity assessment ; exposure assessment ; children ; number concentration ; lung-deposited surface area ; dose ; life cycle assessment ; sustainable neighborhood ; Belgium ; urban scale ; roof stacking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage. Assessing, as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This book contains 13 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services”. The book addresses topics such as nature-based solutions, green space planning, green infrastructure, rain gardens, climate change, and more. The contributions highlight new findings for landscape architects, urban planners, and policymakers. Important future cities research is considered by looking at the system connectivity between the social and ecological sphere—via varying forms of urban planning, management, and governance. The book is supported by methods and models that utilize an urban sustainability and ecosystem service-centric focus by adding knowledge-base and real-world solutions into the urbanization phenomenon.
    Keywords: urban planning ; urban space ; urban regeneration ; planning process ; public participation ; forest fragmentation ; sustainable development goal (SDG) ; land consumption rate to the population growth rate (LCRPGR) ; biodiversity ; non-native species ; protected species ; range expansion ; species distributions ; ecosystem services ; assessment ; urban ecosystem services ; site ; green infrastructure ; cities ; systematic literature review ; urban greenspace ; privatization ; property rights ; incremental greenspace loss ; the tyranny of small decisions ; resilience planning ; urban densification ; baseline shifts ; urban nature connection ; green spaces ; ecosystem disservices ; economic benefits ; proximity principle ; hedonic pricing analysis ; climate change ; human health, human-nature connection theory ; urbanization ; urban resilience theory ; capacity building ; municipal planning practice ; urban governance ; environmental planning ; nature-based solutions ; urban adaptive capacity ; LiDAR/NDVI ; stakeholders ; Delphi analysis ; full-scale infiltration test ; MPD infiltration test ; boreholes ; SuDS ; NBS ; flood resilience ; online climate adaptation platforms ; citizen science ; community-building ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 100
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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