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  • bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine  (931)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Identifcation of ontogenetic age classes plays an important role in the felds of zoology, palaeontology and archaeology, where accurate age classifcations of (sub)fossil remains are a crucial component for the reconstruction \nof past life. Textural ageing\xe2\x80\x94the identifcation of age-related bone surface textures\xe2\x80\x94provides a size-independent \nmethod for age assessment of vertebrate material. However, most of the work so far is limited to qualitative results. \nWhile qualitative approaches provide helpful insights on textural ageing patterns, they are heavily subject to observer \nbias and fall short of quantitative data relevant for detailed statistical analyses and cross-comparisons. Here, we present a pilot study on the application of 3D surface digital microscopy to quantify bone surface textures on the long \nbones of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea) and the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) using internationally verifed \nroughness parameters. Using a standardised measuring protocol, computed roughness values show a strong correlation with qualitative descriptions of textural patterns. Overall, higher roughness values correspond to increased numbers of grooves and pits and vice versa. Most of the roughness parameters allowed distinguishing between diferent \nontogenetic classes and closely followed the typical sigmoidal animal growth curve. Our results show that bone \ntexture quantifcation is a feasible approach to identifying ontogenetic age classes.
    Keywords: General Physics and Astronomy ; General Environmental Science ; General Biochemistry ; Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Materials Science ; General Chemistry ; Roughness ; Surfaces ; Taphonomy ; Topography ; Bone ; Ontogeny ; Digital microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Advancements in digital technologies are reshaping the world of dentistry, from prosthodontics to implant dentistry. Intraoral scanners, facial scanners, 3D printers, and milling machines have revolutionized the clinical approach and operative workflow in daily practice. However, digital dentistry brings several challenges to clinicians due to the rapid evolution of new technologies and the lack of evidence-based guidelines for their correct use. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the latest advances in the development and application of digital technologies in prosthetic and implant dentistry. We wish to provide both clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date source of information on current trends, limitations, and potential future applications of digital technologies in daily clinical practice.
    Keywords: dental implants ; digital impression ; intraoral scanner ; CAD/CAM materials ; toothbrushing wear ; surface ; roughness ; surface integrity ; alveolar remodeling ; tooth extraction ; intraoral digital scanning ; imaging superimposition ; less traumatic surgery ; socket healing ; implantology ; computer-aided surgery ; image-guided surgery ; zygomatic implants ; navigation system ; dental implant ; bone level ; prospective study ; sub-crestal placement ; emergence profile ; guided surgery ; digital workflow ; stereolithographic surgical guide ; accuracy ; CAD–CAM ; DICOM–STL ; static guided surgery ; clinical study ; intraoral scanners ; digital dentistry ; impression techniques ; full-arch impression ; elderly population ; dimensional measurement accuracy ; implant scan ; operator ; precision ; scan area ; trueness ; occlusion ; overloading ; complications ; implant-supported restorations ; marginal bone loss ; oral implantology ; intraoral scan ; cone-beam computed tomography ; oral surgery ; emergence angle ; retrospective study ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and the disease now affects nearly every country and region. Nearly 18 months later, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to present significant challenges to health systems, public health, and the economy of countries across both hemispheres. The morbidity and mortality of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been significant, and various waves of disease outbreaks initially overwhelmed hospitals and clinics in many countries and continue to do so. This influences everyone, and public health countermeasures have been dramatic in terms of their impact on employment, social systems, and mental health. This Special Issue collection follows on from the Special Issue “COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives” and provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to provide feedback on the response to and our future global preparedness for COVID-19, as well as to disseminate critical information about SARS-CoV-2 and the associated COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; new-onset DM ; severe infection ; mortality ; outbreak ; P.1 variant ; Gamma variant ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; whole-genome sequencing ; pandemic ; overweight ; obesity ; Peru ; psychological impacts ; public health ; preparedness ; mRNA-1273 ; BNT162b2 ; TAK-919 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; post-vaccination ; healthcare personnel ; vaccination ; asymptomatic infection ; HIV ; infectious disease ; excess mortality ; regdanvimab ; remdesivir ; severe ; community transmission ; population density gradient ; Dhaka ; Bangladesh ; dengue ; undifferentiated febrile illness ; antigen testing ; variants ; reinfections ; breakthrough infections ; vaccine hesitancy ; sub-Saharan Africa ; pulmonary fibrosis ; postacute COVID-19 syndrome ; tuberculosis ; helminth coinfection ; coronavirus ; coordination ; health operations and technical expertise ; AFRO ; diarrhea ; liver ; pancreas ; inflammatory bowel diseases ; liver transplantation ; reproduction rate ; phylogenetic analysis ; clade GK ; D614G ; P681R ; cross-reactivity ; haemorrhage ; thrombocytopenia ; thrombosis ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) ; molecular diagnostics ; real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) ; economy ; income levels ; waves ; policy ; turning points ; occupational exposure ; risk factors ; personal protective equipment ; SIR model ; socio-behavioral aspects ; interaction distance ; school reopening strategy ; self-medication ; over-the-counter ; medicine use ; Pakistan ; clinical features ; Luanda ; Angola ; socioeconomic status ; risk perception ; risk prevention practices ; qualitative ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Despite the availability of thirty-six antiseizure medications, about one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to the pharmacological treatment and develop a so-called “pharmaco-resistant epilepsy” or “refractory epilepsy.” Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, effective therapies based on novel mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability that leads to seizures. This reprint’s original research papers and review articles highlight unknown mechanisms underlying pharmaco-resistant resistant epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure suppression.
    Keywords: 3CAI ; GRIA1 ; GRIA2 ; intractable epilepsy ; PICK1 ; protein kinase C ; pericytes ; mural cells ; cytokine ; blood-brain barrier ; neuroinflammation ; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 ; AKT ; cyclosporin A ; GluA1 ; GluR1 ; PDK1 ; refractory seizure ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; hippocampus ; 4-aminopyridine ; epilepsy model ; long-term potentiation ; AMPA receptor ; audiogenic epilepsy ; rodents ; fear reaction ; behavior genetics ; c-Fos ; early gene activation ; epileptogenesis ; lipopolysaccharide ; pentylenetetrazole ; post-traumatic epilepsy ; seizure susceptibility ; traumatic brain injury ; epilepsy ; ghrelin ; ghrelin receptor ; anxiety ; TRPV1 channels ; neuronal activity ; neuropsychiatric comorbidity ; immunofluorescence ; audiogenic kindling ; acoustically evoked seizures ; EACT ; generalized tonic-clonic seizures ; inherited epilepsy ; TMEM1A channels ; wild running seizures ; astrocyte ; ML365 ; pharmacoresistant epilepsy ; cortical atrophy ; hippocampal atrophy ; intracerebral electrode ; magnetic resonance imaging ; posttraumatic epilepsy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Currently, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is the most complex and challenging disease known to humankind. Due to the complex underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, as well as the intrinsic limitations of conventional cancer therapies, the effective treatment of cancer remains a great challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies with superior anticancer ability urgently need to be discovered. In recent years, nano-drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated and applied as alternatives to conventional cancer treatments. Cancer nanomedicines aim to achieve the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor site, utilizing strategies such as passive targeting, active targeting and stimuli-triggered drug release, while simultaneously decreasing drug accumulation in normal tissues, which together lead to improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, several cancer nanomedicines are in regular use, and several others are in various stages of development.This Special Issue will highlight recent progress in the development of novel nanomedicines and targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
    Keywords: graphene quantum dot ; targeted drug delivery ; photothermal therapy ; chemo-therapy ; polymeric prodrug ; theranostic nanocomplex ; pH-triggering releasing ; magnetic targeting ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic resonance imaging ; docetaxel ; adenosine receptors ; PLGA ; nanoparticles ; lung cancer ; Notch signaling ; RBPJ protein ; drug repurposing ; fidaxomicin ; acarbose ; schaftoside ; breast cancer ; experimental skin cancer ; entrapment efficacy ; ethosomes ; metformin ; in vitro permeation ; zeta potential ; sesamol ; albumin nanoparticles ; doxorubicin ; oxidative stress ; antioxidants ; tumor-derived membrane vesicles ; cancer therapy ; tumor vaccine ; personalized immunotherapy ; low-density lipoprotein ; nanoparticle ; tumor microenvironment-responsive ; magnetic nanofluid ; improved magnetic resonance imaging ; neutral-responsive Fenton reaction ; enhanced chemodynamic therapy ; brain targeting ; folate receptor ; glioma cancer ; erlotinib ; blood–brain barrier ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Personalized medicine for Parkinson’s disease is a growing and emerging concept in light of recent recognition that Parkinson’s is a syndromic condition affecting multiple neurotransmitter systems, as well as brain and extracranial structures. The clinical expression is, thus, heterogeneous, and presentation age can range from the 30s to the 90s, with PD in older patients being associated with significant neuropathological comorbidity as well, involving not just misfolded alpha synuclein deposition but also amyloid and tau. Traditional and largely guideline-driven “one size fits all” management strategies adopted in clinical practice are, therefore, often inadequate in holistic management of a patient, particularly when aspects of motor and nonmotor symptoms are taken into consideration. In this supplement of JPM, we present a selection of papers which address several possible strands of personalized medicine in PD, ranging from genomic precision medicine to digital “checklists” to ensure delivery of holistic personalized medicine involving nonpharmacological strategies, as well. We are soliciting any papers addressing biomarkers, genetics and pharmacogenetics, treatment or complementary therapies for personalized or individualized treatment for PD.
    Keywords: Parkinson’s disease ; movement disorders ; periodontitis ; periodontal disease ; hematologic tests ; Vitamin D ; oral health ; Parkinson’s Disease ; cognition ; GABAergic signaling ; cerebellum ; MRS ; response inhibition ; non-motor symptoms ; carer stress ; older persons with Parkinson’s disease ; education ; lifestyle behaviours ; diet ; cross-sectional ; population study ; neurological disorders ; precision medicine ; genetics ; clinical trials ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; cognitive rehabilitation ; intervention ; deep brain stimulation ; levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel ; apomorphine ; radiofrequency ; focused ultrasound ; induced pluripotent stem cells ; cell therapy ; gene therapy ; personalized medicine ; advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) ; apomorphine subcutaneous infusion therapy ; pain ; intrajejunal ; levodopa ; motor and non-motor symptoms ; PKG (KinetiGrap) ; rehabilitation ; device-aided therapies ; personalised medicine ; Alzheimer’s disease ; clinical trial ; impulsive-compulsive disorders (ICD) ; dopaminergic therapy ; genetic markers ; pharmacogenetic ; polymorphisms ; insomnia ; sleep quality ; assessment ; young onset Parkinson’s (YOPD) ; Emiratis ; expatriate ; genetic ; epigenetics ; societal impact ; device aided therapies ; quality of life ; non motor symptoms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the urological sphere, the number of tumor malignancies caused by cancer is continuously growing in Western countries. Although this is mainly due to the contemporary increase in the life expectancy of people in these geographic areas, many other factors are also contributing to this growth. Urological cancer is a complex and varied disease which affects different organs and mainly affects the male population. In fact, in most statistics, kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer are regularly included in the top-ten list of the most frequent neoplasms in males. The female population, however, has also been increasingly affected by renal and bladder cancer in the last decade. From these facts, it is clear that urological cancer is a problem of major concern in developed societies. This Topic Issue of Cancers intends to shed some light on the complexity of this field and will consider all useful and appropriate contributions from scientists and clinicians in order to improve urological cancer knowledge for patients’ benefit.
    Keywords: high-risk prostate cancer ; androgen receptor axis ; castration resistance ; neuroendocrine carcinoma ; PARP inhibition ; immunotherapy ; cancer genome ; precision targeting ; robot-assisted partial nephrectomy ; renal cell carcinoma ; indocyanine green ; nephron sparing ; prostate cancer survivors ; follow-up care ; primary health care ; general practice ; process evaluation ; Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research ; prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography ; multiparametric magnetic-resonance imaging ; primary diagnosis ; prostate cancer ; systematic review ; diagnosis ; PSMA ; PSA ; tumor ; PET scan ; bladder cancer ; bisphenol A ; bisphenol S ; energy metabolism ; migration ; proliferation ; carbon-ion radiotherapy ; elderly patients ; radiotherapy ; particle beam therapy ; life expectancy ; systemic immune-inflammation index ; Charlson comorbidity index ; CAPRA-S ; early survival ; male incontinence ; robotic prostatectomy ; clear cell renal cell carcinoma ; ferroptosis ; prognostic model ; TCGA ; E-MTAB-1980 ; GLS2 ; pazopanib ; real-world data ; non-interventional study ; time on drug ; nivolumab ; everolimus ; trial-eligibility ; ureteral neoplasms ; urinary bladder neoplasms ; ureteroscopy ; CNTF ; CNTFRα ; LNCaP ; 22Rv1 ; castration resistant ; castration sensitive ; STAT3 ; ERK ; MMP ; biomarker ; Gleason grade ; transforming growth factor-β family ; activin ; INHBA ; INHBB ; INHBC ; prostate-specific antigen ; false-positive results ; real world-data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Global cancer incidence and death are expected to increase in the next decades. Inappropriate therapeutic regimens and tumor recurrence due to the development of drug resistance are two major clinical challenges impacting poor patient outcomes, which is critical to the discovery and development of new anticancer drugs. Over the last few decades, the marine environment has proved to be a key source of molecules with potent anticancer properties. The Special Issue, “Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents 2.0”, gathered eleven publications, including two reviews and nine research articles, about the anticancer activities of marine natural and/or derived products on in vitro 2D and 3D cellular models, and/or in vivo models of colorectal, breast, lung, myeloma, liver, leukemia, and melanoma cancers. Altogether, the eleven scientific papers published in this Special Issue provide an exciting overview of marine natural products as potential anticancer agents.
    Keywords: Clavatadine C ; spirocyclic bromotyrosines ; cytotoxicity ; cancer selectivity ; marine compounds ; melanoma A-375 cell line ; Sarcophyton convolutum ; sarcoconvolutum A–E ; cembrenoids ; anti-angiogenesis ; bromophenols ; tube formation ; vasculogenic mimicry ; brefeldin A ; ester derivative ; chronic myelogenous leukemia ; BCR-ABL ; proliferation inhibition ; molecular modeling ; 5-O-(N-Boc-l-alanine)-renieramycin T ; Xestospongia sp. ; marine sponge ; lung cancer ; anti-cancer ; cancer stem cells ; apoptosis ; Akt ; c-Myc ; migrastatics ; cell migration ; cell invasion ; metastasis ; terpenes ; algae ; marine natural products ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; oxidative stress ; anticancer ; Sphaerococcus coronopifolius ; seaweed ; Laminaria japonica ; Laminaria japonica peptides ; cancer ; liver ; cell cycle ; porphyrin ; Isabela ; hemin ; X-ray diffraction ; NOESY NMR ; cytotoxic ; colorectal cancer ; 5-fluorouracil ; 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid ; tumor-associated macrophages ; chemoresistance ; fucoidan ; immunopotentiation ; immunomodulatory ; immunotherapy ; cancer treatment ; cytokines ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: This reprint emphasizes the perspectives and challenges surrounding COVID-19 and obesity-related cancers, including but not limited to the risk factors of severe COVID-19 in cancer patients; the complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients; the challenges in cancer treatment and surgery; guidelines for cancer care during COVID-19; delayed diagnosis and suboptimal cancer management; the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, early diagnosis and cancer presentation; immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in cancer patients; psychological distress among cancer survivors; telehealth in cancer care; the role of diet and nutraceuticals in the prevention of severe COVID-19 and cancer; and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer research.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; neutropenia ; G-CSF treatment ; respiratory failure ; colorectal neoplasms ; gastrointestinal neoplasms ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; neoplasms ; oncogenic viruses ; oncolytic virotherapy ; post-acute COVID-19 syndrome ; reactive oxygen species ; tumor escape ; SARS-CoV-2 ; thyroid cancer ; differentiated thyroid cancer ; COVID-19 severity ; inflammation ; immunity ; oxidative stress ; obesity ; SARS-Cov-2 ; oncology ; cancer screening ; clinical trials ; melanoma ; management ; pandemic ; teledermatology ; diagnostic delay ; immunotherapy ; vaccination ; lymph adenopathy ; cancer ; nutraceuticals ; supplements ; colorectal ; meta-analysis ; gynecologic oncology ; malignancy ; blood cancer ; hematologic malignancy ; leukemia ; lymphoma ; multiple myeloma ; myelodysplasia ; breast cancer ; cancer care ; screening ; surgery ; psychological distress ; cancer therapies ; immunogenicity ; safety ; vaccine hesitancy ; tumor subtype ; mortality ; intensive care unit ; medico-administrative data ; France ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Book, entiled “Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases”, presents the concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma. This concept furthers a deeper comprehension on the pathophysiology and management of upper and lower airway diseases. In this Book, the published papers cover different interesting topics such as healthcare equality, advanced biomarkers, accurate diagnosis and treatment, occupational exposure-induced upper airway allergy and neoplastic disease mimicking chronic rhinosinusitis.
    Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis ; B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder ; sinus ; nasal allergies ; tannery worker ; Kanpur ; asthma ; ovalbumin ; saffron ; salbutamol ; IL’s ; TNF-α ; allergic rhinitis ; bronchial asthma ; allergy ; Th17 cells ; IL-17 ; IL-33 ; microRNA ; miR ; airway mucosal inflammation ; united airway disease ; acute rhinosinusitis ; acute recurrent rhinosinusitis ; Mediterranean diet ; nutritional evaluation ; nutritional therapy ; olfactory dysfunction ; anosmia ; post-acute COVID-19 ; nitric oxide ; NO ; exhaled NO ; FENO ; nasal peak flow ; atopic status ; total IgE ; specific IgE ; childhood asthma ; immunoblot ; ImmunoCAP ; otolaryngology ; sinusitis ; ethnic groups ; patient-reported outcome measures ; quality of life ; social justice ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is an advanced quantitative approach focusing on individualized treatment optimization. MIPD integrates mathematical models of drugs and diseases combined with individual patient characteristics (e.g., genotype, anthropometric factors, and organ function). MIPD has been highlighted as a useful tool for drug dosage selection in both the drug development process and clinical practice and it is a rapidly growing discipline that is supported by the main drug regulatory agencies. Despite the potential benefits of this methodology toward personalized medicine, its application is still limited. The Special Issue presented here includes several PKPD and PBPK models focused on improving the current state of art regarding the PK behaviour of different drugs with the aim of improving the efficacy/safety balance of these treatments and their clinical outcome; the Special Issue is intended to be of particular interest for clinical pharmacologists, pharmacometricians, and specific clinicians who routinely use the considered drugs.
    Keywords: model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) ; efficacy PKPD indexes ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; PKPD modeling and simulation ; dosing algorithms ; nomograms ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure can be deleterious for living tissues and eventually lead to illness or even death. DNA breakdown and the overproduction of highly reactive free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are considered initiators of IR-induced molecular and cellular damages, whereas NO, TGF-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines are the primary effectors involved in radiation bystander effects (RIBE). Radiomodulators can reduce (radioprotectors and radiomitigators) or increase (radiosensitizers) IR damage. Past world events have highlighted the urgent need to develop predictive biomarkers of the IR absorbed dose and radiation countermeasures to reduce IR damage. Despite the strong economic and scientific efforts over the last decades, at present, drugs for effective protection against lethal IRs remain an unmet need. Moreover, the development of radiosensitizers that selectively increase IR damage in cancer cells but protecting, or at least do not affect, healthy tissues is also of unquestionable importance to improving patient survival and quality of life. It includes contributions that will help to understand the mechanisms involved in radiation-derived cellular responses and damage, the importance of free radical scavengers and antioxidant cellular defenses in preventing harm, and the relevance of the antiinflammatory response to improve recovery. In accordance, the mechanism of action and effectiveness of relevant radiomodulators are described and discussed, and novel clinical models and IR biomarker technologies are presented.
    Keywords: ferulic acid ; total body irradiation ; bone marrow microenvironment ; stem cell senescence ; bone marrow injury ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant defense system ; planarians ; model animal ; irradiation ; regeneration ; radioprotection ; radiation ; melatonin ; nDNA-repair ; mtDNA-mutations ; oxidation stress ; protection ; mitigation ; H2O2 ; ATP ; MDA ; GSH ; X-ray radiation ; 3T3 fibroblasts ; proliferation ; apoptosis ; cellular stress ; senescence ; peroxiredoxin 6 ; Prdx6 ; radioprotector ; pharmacologic ascorbate ; vitamin C ; pancreatic cancer ; Auranofin ; thioredoxin ; thioredoxin reductase ; peroxiredoxin ; nuclear and radiological emergencies ; radioprotectors ; radiomitigators ; radionuclide scavengers ; radiation biodosimetry ; Olea europaea L. cv. Caiazzana ; oleacein ; ionising radiation ; cancer ; radiotherapy ; normal tissue ; radiosensitization ; radiomodulation ; proteomic analysis ; oxidative modification profiling ; serum albumin ; amino acid sequences ; radiation biomarker ; human lactoferrin ; acute gamma irradiation ; C57Bl/6 mice ; survival rate ; open field test ; spleen ; serum homeostasis ; leukocytes ; stilbenoid ; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ; FT-IR ; electron beam radiation ; radioresistance ; oxidative phosphorylation ; oncometabolites ; radiation response ; bioinformatics ; oxidative stress ; transcriptomics ; radiobiology database ; gene signature ; ionizing radiation ; intestine ; mucositis ; microbiome ; microbiota ; dysbiosis ; bacterial dietary supplement ; radiomitigator ; hyperthermia ; combination therapy ; synergistic effect ; oxygenation ; hypoxia ; immune response ; Tameron ; antioxidant ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint contains articles published in the Special Issue entitled "Assessing Atmospheric Pollution and Its Impacts on the Human Health" in the journal Atmosphere. The research focuses on the evaluation of atmospheric pollution by statistical methods on the one hand, and on the other hand, on the evaluation of the relationship between the level of pollution and the extent of its effect on the population's health, especially on pulmonary diseases.
    Keywords: household air pollution ; fine particulate matter ; international environmental health ; cookstove ; respiratory disease ; brick worker ; particulate matter ; heavy metals ; Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium ; pollution levels ; mobile sources ; aerosols ; PAHs ; OC and EC ; transport sources ; urbanized coastal station ; grain dust ; health risk assessment ; Monte Carlo simulation ; disability adjusted life year ; multi-media exposure ; health risk ; probabilistic risk assessment ; Lake Chaohu ; PM10 ; health risks ; extreme learning machine ; echo state network ; neural networks ; pollution ; concentration ; indicators ; aberrant values ; nitrogen oxides ; ARIMA ; GRNN ; ARIMA–GRNN ; isolation forest ; LOF ; AOD ; classification ; dendrogram ; PCA ; air quality index ; polluting agents ; respiratory diseases ; monitoring stations ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: There has been a rapid development in the academic literature over the last ten years on papers relating to individualization, personalization, patient-, client-, consumer- and person-centredness, with work on conceptual, instrumental, observational, and experimental levels. This Special Issue presents papers that can further establish the current state of science on these topics relating to personalized nursing and health care. We collected papers that highlight and further the knowledge base conceptually, instrumentally, observationally, and experimentally with sound theoretical and methodological underpinnings and implications for research, theory, and clinical work in the disciplines of nursing, medicine, allied health, and beyond.
    Keywords: anxiety ; life satisfaction ; life–work concerns ; melatonin ; cortisol ; biopsychosocial model ; obstetric complications ; patients’ rights ; student ; nursing ; personalized medicine ; HIV ; mobile health ; smartphone application ; symptom management ; nurse practitioners ; nursing home ; COVID-19 ; palliative care ; end-of-life ; dignified death ; older adults ; accidental falls ; fall prevention ; barriers ; patient compliance ; music therapy ; dementia ; caregiver ; RCT ; patient-centred care ; competence ; assessment ; instrument ; measurement ; validity ; reliability ; individual care ; nurses ; older diabetes patients ; physicians ; support ; Parkinson’s disease ; nursing training ; integrated care ; Parkinson nurse ; personalized care ; multidisciplinary care ; patient-centered ; arthritis ; autoimmune disease ; sociopsychological factors ; emotion ; depression ; self-identity ; qualitative study ; observational study ; dysmenorrhea ; kinesio tape ; auricular acupressure ; pain ; nursing care ; patient care planning ; quality of health care ; conditional inference trees ; education ; distance ; learning ; digital ; drawings ; Nigeria ; perinatal loss ; social networks ; stillbirth ; stillborn ; functional status ; health care ; hospitalization ; activities of daily living ; pelvic floor muscle exercises ; pelvic floor dysfunction ; qualitative research ; therapeutic exercise ; therapeutic adherence ; women’s health physiotherapy ; diabetes mellitus type 2 ; prediction model ; LogicRegression ; interpretability ; pelvic organ prolapse ; lifestyle changes ; women’s experience ; n/a ; foot ; foot self-care ; methodological review ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Dry pasta is one of the most popular staple foods worldwide due to its convenience in terms of affordability, versatility, long shelf life, as well as sensory and nutritional value. As such, it represents a suitable carrier for health-promoting substances providing specific physiological functions. This Special Issue deals with the continuum aspects, “from seed to fork”, that could have an impact on the nutritional, sensory, and technological aspects of pasta. In this Special Issue, we aimed to publish innovative research and review papers on physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics, nutritional value, functional and technological properties of pasta, and pasta-making processes. New raw materials, new functional ingredients, up-cycling of waste materials, in vivo experiments to test the effect of assumption of the supplemented pasta, and innovative packaging systems will also be addressed in this Special Issue. Predictions of pasta quality adopting chemometrics as well as multi-variate and statistical data analysis approaches were welcomed. Finally, in the medium term, the international pasta market is expected to stay negative unless tangible product innovations are introduced, particularly regarding the technological innovations aimed at improving the products’ health benefits. This Special Issue aimed to provide a fundamental understanding and present the current strategies to improve the technological, nutritional, and sensory properties of pasta.
    Keywords: innovative pasta raw materials ; durum ; emmer ; spelt ; pasta ; brewers’ spent grain ; dietary fiber ; einkorn ; functional pasta ; tritordeum ; upcycling ; unconventional ingredients ; nutritional value ; cooking quality ; legumes ; Spirulina Platensis ; resistant starch ; hydrolysis index ; dietary fibre ; annealing ; slowly digestible starch ; carbohydrates ; fiber ; in vitro digestion ; micronization ; brown rice ; air fractionation ; parboiling ; rice pasta ; enriched pasta ; bioactive compound ; tuna ; sea bass ; Ω-3 fatty acids ; sensometrics ; TPA (texture profile analysis) ; glycemic index ; glycemic response ; durum wheat ; landraces ; starch ; available carbohydrates ; glycemic load ; texture profile analysis ; gluten-free ; celiac disease ; fish ; allergy ; pear, date, and apple by-products ; wheat flour ; sensorial properties ; scanning electron microscopy ; multiple factor analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems & services::MBPK Mental health services
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint contains several articles where the molecular mechanisms and structural changes in target proteins on interaction with various viruses and bacteria were studied. In addition, drug-protein interactions, drug–drug interaction mechanisms, anti-Glycating, antioxidant, binding affinity, network pharmacology-driven investigations, and targeted anticancer treatments were also investigated.
    Keywords: RSV ; ectodomain G protein ; heparan sulfate ; protein–ligand interaction ; fluorescence quenching ; molecular docking ; molecular dynamic simulation ; quercetin ; CCL4 ; neurotoxicity ; VirtualToxLab ; oxidative stress markers ; Huperzine A ; molecular dynamics simulation ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; human serum albumin ; neurodegenerative disorders ; drug–protein interactions ; erlotinib ; bovine serum albumin ; binding interaction ; competition ; hepatitis E virus ; methyltransferase ; protein stability ; enzyme assay ; garlic ; antioxidant ; anti-glycation ; glycation ; AGEs ; HSA ; quetiapine ; hydrophobic interaction ; thermodynamic parameters ; seproxetine ; antidepressant ; charge transfer ; π-acceptors ; DFT ; haloperidol ; antipsychotics ; keratoconus ; MMP-2 ; MMP-9 ; molecular dynamics ; MM-GBSA calculations ; pharmacophore mapping ; α-amylase ; advanced glycation end-products ; caffeic acid ; coumaric acid ; coronary artery disease ; phytotherapy ; network pharmacology ; angiogenesis ; zebrafish ; dynamics molecular docking ; NEK7 ; virtual screening ; DFTs ; deep learning ; drug design ; drug repurposing ; structural-based ; cancer ; A. aspera ; β-amyrin ; C. gigantea ; C. procera ; GC-MS ; Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ; Molecular docking ; MD simulations ; Tuberculosis (TB) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This book presents a collection of papers revealing the impact of advanced computation and instrumentation on healthcare. It highlights the increasing global trend driving innovation for a new era of multifunctional technologies for personalized digital healthcare. Moreover, it highlights that contemporary research on healthcare is performed on a multidisciplinary basis comprising computational engineering, biomedicine, biomedical engineering, electronic engineering, and automation engineering, among other areas.
    Keywords: eHealth ; mHealth ; telemedicine ; telehealth ; social sciences ; bibliometrics ; telediagnostic ; project management ; funding ; IT infrastructure ; cross-border multiprofessional team ; European Union ; Interreg ; reporting ; quality control ; resident ; diagnostic error ; artificial intelligence ; healthcare AI ; deployment and scaling ; medical center ; critical factors ; stakeholders ; health information technology ; information sharing ; hospital costs ; poverty ratio ; concentration ; continuous glucose monitoring ; insulin pump ; continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ; pediatric diabetes ; biomedical data ; medical imaging ; shared data ; massive databases ; AI-based healthcare solutions ; trueness ; 3D printing ; milling ; interim dental crown ; digital dentistry ; dental device ; data mining ; bio-signal analysis ; bio-signal repository ; execution engine ; bio-signal monitoring ; digital healthcare ; patient-centric ; blockchain ; federated learning ; coronavirus (COVID-19) ; pandemic management ; healthcare transformation ; public health strategies ; stroke detection ; portable head scanner ; low-intensity EM waves ; intrinsically safe ; low carbon footprint ; orthodontic treatment ; clear aligners ; smart application ; AI ; computerized learning ; behavior change techniques ; decision tree algorithm ; digital interventions ; mental health literacy ; audiovisual ; dentistry ; computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery ; ultrasounds ; chemomechanical caries removal ; modern technologies ; laser ; ozone ; healthcare ; emergency department ; patient flow ; simulation modeling ; agent-based modeling ; pandemic decision support ; additive manufacturing ; patient-centric dosage form ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: As we know, strokes are one of the world's leading causes of death, and the cruel aspect of a stroke is that it leaves people with severe functional disability and/or cognitive impairment. Strokes have a significant impact on economies worldwide, as it is estimated that about 10% of the male population and 8% of the female population are affected by them. Such people need personal help in their everyday life and must be materially supported by social services. With the advancement of medicine, artificial intelligence, and new technologies have been developing rapidly and are gradually applied in diseases of the nervous system, increasingly helping diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prognosis of disease.This Special Issue has collected the 14 papers on artificial intelligence and new technologies in strokes, including in the aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, rehabilitation, and nursing. We welcome your reading.
    Keywords: non-invasive brain stimulation ; stroke ; spasticity ; meta-analysis ; hemiplegia ; electromyographic bridge ; upper limb rehabilitation ; randomized controlled trial ; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy ; disorders of consciousness ; metabolic connectivity ; positron emission tomography ; 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ; hand function rehabilitation ; hand rehabilitation robot ; computer vision technology ; wearable devices ; sensors ; artificial intelligence ; brain–computer interface ; active rehabilitation training ; motor function ; brain function ; executive function ; postural control ; gait ; repetitive transcranial stimulation ; facial paralysis ; peripheral magnetic stimulation ; blood flows ; laser speckle ; stroke rehabilitation ; upper limb ; automated system ; motor function assessment ; Fugl-Meyer Assessment ; motor attempt (MA) ; EEG ; deep learning method ; overlapping time window ; facial expression recognition (FER) ; vision transformer (ViT) ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; rehabilitation ; assessment ; upper extremity ; hand ; brain–computer interfaces ; motor task ; sensorimotor rhythm ; hand rehabilitation ; motor imagery ; virtual reality ; rTMS ; DTI ; immersive virtual reality ; post-stroke cognitive impairment ; aging ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Hyperbaric oxygen is a known therapeutic agent, and treatments using this agent remain a matter of discussion and research. This Special Issue collection will add new knowledge and also offer some not so usual approaches to foster contemporary understanding and potential benefit for patients and scholars.
    Keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) ; Hyperoxia ; wound healing ; antimicrobial properties ; Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) ; critical flicker fusion frequency ; threshold of flicker fusion ; neuropsychology ; diving and hyperbaric medicine ; minimal hepatic encephalopathy ; diabetes ; hyperbaric oxygen therapy ; glycaemia ; oxygen ; hyperbaric oxygen ; epigenetics ; normobaric oxygen paradox ; hyperoxic-hypoxic paradox ; frostbite ; classification ; cold disease ; prognosis ; amputation ; medical outcome ; atmosphere exposure chambers ; diving physiology ; decompression ; periodontal disease ; oral health index ; dental mobility ; periodontal pockets depth ; subfoveal choroidal thickness ; intraocular pressure ; central corneal thickness ; central serous chorioretinopathy ; flow-mediated dilation ; arterial stiffness ; endothelial dysfunction ; n/a ; FMD ; underwater ; hyperbaric ; commercial diver ; off-shore energy operation ; human ; adverse effects ; autonomic nervous system ; lung ultrasound ; mixed gas diving ; pulmonary function ; technical diving ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This book presents recent advances in the field of bone tissue engineering, including molecular insights, innovative biomaterials with regenerative properties (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction), and physical stimuli to enhance bone regeneration.
    Keywords: bone ; collagen type I ; alginate ; conditioned medium ; viability ; MSC ; osteogenesis ; pulsed electromagnetic field ; osteogenic factors ; wool keratin scaffolds ; bone tissue engineering ; biocompatibility ; biomaterials ; bone augmentation ; bone conduction ; bone grafting ; calcium hydroxyapatite ; tissue regeneration ; dental implants ; osseointegration ; osteoporosis ; zoledronate ; animal model ; titanium membrane ; titanium foil ; occlusive titanium barrier ; guided bone regeneration ; osteoporotic condition ; xenograft ; bone regeneration ; titanium implants ; additive manufacturing ; reused powder ; unit cell topology ; tissue engineering ; mechanical properties ; stem cells ; surface functionalization ; titanium ; protein adsorption ; surface modifications ; cell interactions ; collagen hydrogel ; cell delivery ; olfactory ectomesenchyme stem cells ; bioactive glasses ; alkali-free ; sol–gel ; bone remodeling ; bone disorders ; biomechanics ; scaffolds ; microenvironment ; 3D bioprinting ; computational modeling ; bone implant ; bone defects ; chitosan ; degree of deacetylation ; bone formation ; X-ray micro CT ; histology ; sheep tibia ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the current progress in sports medicine, with a specific interest in surgery, exercise therapy, and multi-disciplinary research. With the advancement of society, more attention is paid to the quality of life, which emphasizes the importance of sports and exercise. Correspondingly, there is a great need for sports medicine. This issue collected novel findings on sports medicine in surgery, conservative therapy, and the application of exercise training in other disorders
    Keywords: shoulder ; rotator cuff ; allografts ; demineralized bone matrix ; biologics ; diabetes mellitus ; aerobic training ; resistance training ; vascular function ; meta-analysis ; femoroacetabular impingement ; hip arthroscopy ; longitudinal capsulotomy ; femoroplasty ; labrum repair ; degenerative lumbar diseases ; albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio ; spinal fusion rate ; prognostic marker ; arterial hypertension ; exercise hypertension ; blood pressure ; exercise testing ; sports injuries ; machine learning ; injury prediction ; sports monitorization ; elite football ; performance ; systemic inflammation ; physical endurance ; physical fitness ; maximal aerobic capacity ; gingivitis ; cardiac rehabilitation ; exercise therapy ; balance exercises ; cardiovascular diseases ; ACLR ; hamstring tendon with preserved tibial insertion ; MRI ; T2 ; cartilage volume ; gait retraining ; running-related injuries ; kinetics ; kinematics ; rehabilitation ; rotator cuff tear ; rotator cuff repair ; bone quality ; osteopenia ; osteoporosis ; anchor pullout ; pullout strength ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Novel Anticancer Strategies (Volume II) reviews important findings and updates within the cancer therapy field of great interest to those in academic research studying the development and validation of novel anticancer approaches. The Editor invited preeminent specialists to contribute to original and review articles devoted to key areas of major progress and expectations. Key Features:Nanoparticle-based drug delivery in cancer therapy;Nanoerythrosomes;Cancer immunotherapy;Therapeutic vaccines;Oncogenic and tumor suppressive components of the cell cycle;Antimitotics in cancer clinical trials;Multifunctional enzymes as anti-cancer drug targets;Targeting undruggable proteins and non-coding RNAs;Cell-penetrating peptides;Repurposed cancer drugs in clinical trials;Circulating tumour cells.
    Keywords: Breast cancer treatment ; Photodynamic therapy ; Inorganic nanoparticles ; Active targeting ; cathepsins ; BAX ; MOMP ; ubiquitination ; apoptosis ; chemotherapy ; cancer ; nanoerythrosome ; nanoerythrocyte ; nanovesicles ; biomimetic ; cancer therapy ; diagnostics ; imaging agents ; cell cycle ; cyclin-dependent kinase ; p16 ; p21 ; p27 ; breast cancer ; prognosis ; drug delivery ; HL60 ; leukemia ; prodrug ; resistance ; retinoic acid ; vitamin K ; drug repurposing ; COVID-19 ; pandemic ; vaccination ; multi-drug resistance ; enhanced permeation and retention effect ; nanotherapeutics ; cancer theranostic ; clinical translation ; cell-penetrating peptides ; protein transduction domains ; tumor imaging ; targeted therapies ; dog ; comparative oncology ; molecular targets ; spheroids ; tumoroids ; hydrogel ; collagen ; agarose ; mammary spheroids ; tissue engineering ; cisplatin ; melanoma ; melanin nanoparticles ; cytotoxicity ; laser medical applications ; hyperthermia ; antimitotics ; mitotic slippage ; spindle assembly checkpoint ; clinical trials ; TRAIL ; cancer stem cells ; TRAIL resistance ; angiogenesis ; on-demand drug delivery systems ; electrospun nanofibers ; poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) ; gold nanorods ; paclitaxel ; β-Cyclodextrin ; SPIONs ; metallodrugs ; RAPTA derivatives ; phosphino-amine ligands ; CTCs ; NSCLCs ; metastasis suppression ; curcumin ; flavonoids ; TNBC ; immunotherapy ; immune checkpoint ; nanocarrier ; combinational immunotherapy ; lung cancer ; miRNA ; oncomiRs ; photodynamic therapy PDT ; porphyrin ; iron oxide nanoparticles ; mesoporous silica nanoparticles ; antibody functionalization ; targeted drug delivery systems ; molecular-targeted therapies ; multifunctional enzymes ; HCC ; CHRNA5 ; metastasis ; stemness property ; sorafenib sensitivity ; neoantigens ; vaccine ; Patched ; chemotherapy resistance ; metastases ; persistent cells ; adrenocortical carcinoma ; BUB3 ; mitosis ; senescence ; anticancer target ; boron neutron capture therapy ; 4-borono-l-phenylalanine ; drug discovery ; solubility ; mebendazole ; polymer ; HPMA ; controlled drug release ; PLK1 ; BI2536 ; Navitoclax ; slippage ; PD-1 ; gemcitabine ; new anti-cancer drugs ; precision medicine ; undruggable targets ; non-coding RNAs ; oligonucleotide therapeutics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Almost all fields of dentistry are closely related to newly developed materials, and all clinical improvements often follow, or, in any case, go hand in hand with the creation and the development of innovative and higher performing materials, instruments, and equipment. Thanks to contemporary applications of dental materials, the effectiveness of clinical dentistry has made remarkable advances. In recent years, thanks to digital technology and the frenetic development of the dental industry, new materials have been developed and proposed in many fields of dentistry: prosthesis, restorative dentistry, endodontics, implantology, and orthodontics. Unfortunately, as often happens, this productive challenge is not always accompanied by valid scientific research, and consequently the clinician finds new materials at their disposal that are not necessarily better than the old. Further studies are needed to gain relevant evidence for all recently introduced dental materials. This reprint includes research articles, clinical studies, review articles, and case reports focused on the latest advances and prospects of dental materials concerning all fields of dentistry.
    Keywords: MIH ; hypersensitivity ; enamel infiltration ; hypomineralization ; marginal adaptation ; fixed partial denture ; dental technology ; cobalt–chromium alloys ; scanning electron microscopy ; titanium ; dental implants ; hydrophilic ; hydrocarbon ; biological ageing ; UV photofunctionalization ; alveolar bone defects ; guided bone regeneration ; titanium meshes ; customized titanium meshes ; laser melting process ; electron beam melting ; composite restoration ; microleakage ; oblique layering technique ; horizontal layering technique ; composite ; fluorescence ; de-bonding ; residuals ; enamel damage ; orthodontics ; radiolucent sign ; OPG ; CBCT ; third molar ; oral surgery ; periapical sign ; biofilm ; bone healing capacity ; infected gutta-percha ; rat calvarium ; zirconia ; airborne particle abrasion ; femtosecond laser ; flexural strength ; surface roughness ; bond strength ; brackets ; dry ; wet and moistened enamel ; adhesion ; calcium phosphate ; radiation-induced center ; hyperfine interaction ; EDNMR ; ESEEM ; ENDOR ; biomaterial ; bone regeneration ; bone substitute ; dental implant ; octacalcium phosphate ; TiN ion plating ; metal allergy ; orthodontic wire ; micro-implants ; success rate ; insertion ; loading ; biocompatibility ; compliance ; dental material ; restorative material ; glass ionomer ; resin-modified glass ionomer ; pH ; acidity ; oral environment ; dental filling ; dental restoration ; apical negative pressure irrigation ; calcium hydroxide removal ; intracanal medicament ; mechanical activation ; ultrasonic activation ; osseoincorporation ; osseointegration ; trabecular metal ; guided tissue regeneration ; barrier membranes ; allergology ; demineralized dentin matrix ; human demineralized dentin matrix ; human ; bone graft ; FT-MIR ; SEM ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Childhood cancer or pediatric cancer is one of the leading causes of death among children. Treatment strategies for pediatric cancers include chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and stem cell transplantation. These therapeutic regimens are well known to develop highly toxic and long-lasting side-effects including secondary cancers in the future lifespan of pediatric patients. Despite these intensive therapeutic regimens, cancer may still relapse as refractory and metastatic cancer. Therefore, further understanding the causes of different pediatric cancers, mechanisms of drug-resistance, and causes of relapse and metastasis is required for developing and advancing less toxic and more effective therapeutic strategies for pediatric cancers. Recent advancements in immunotherapies and targeted therapeutic approaches using pharmacological inhibitors are one step in this direction.In this Special Issue of Cancers, authors contributed original research and review articles focusing on different aspects of pediatric cancer development, causes, maintenance, and therapeutic strategies. The collected articles in this Special Issue will further enhance our knowledge and understanding of pediatric cancers and drive the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
    Keywords: infections ; cancer ; children ; bacteremia ; pneumonia ; sarcoma ; solid tumor ; outcome ; KI67 ; EZRIN ; 18F-FDG PET/CT ; random forest ; radiogenomics ; chemotherapy response ; metastasis ; serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein ; neuroblastoma ; CRISPR-Cas9 ; metronomic chemotherapy ; maintenance therapy ; high-risk ; Ewing sarcoma ; RNA-binding proteins ; regulation network ; prognosis prediction ; risk model ; melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy ; inoperable ; metastatic ; recurrent ; chemotherapy ; adjuvant ; neoadjuvant ; systemic treatment ; childhood malignant bone tumors ; survivorship ; late effects ; somatic disease ; cohort study ; rhabdomyosarcoma ; targeted therapies ; cell surface proteomics ; B7-H3 ; stress ; allostasis ; stress regulatory pathways ; stress dysregulation ; stress reactivity ; early life stress ; childhood cancer ; cytotoxic cancer treatment ; interventions ; ependymoma ; risk stratification ; molecular group ; prognosis ; nephroblastoma ; clinical malformations ; cancer predisposition syndromes ; tumor surveillance ; n/a ; DSRCT ; EWSR1-WT1 ; preclinical model ; in vitro model ; pediatric cancer ; pediatric ; brain ; tumor ; medulloblastoma ; glioma ; natural products ; drug discovery ; fungal secondary metabolites ; soil microbes ; RH30 ; RD ; EZH2 ; epigenetic ; EPZ005687 ; DZNep ; AdOx ; malignant rhabdoid tumor ; hepatoblastoma ; small cell undifferentiated (SCUD) hepatoblastoma ; SMARCB1 ; INI1 ; pediatric liver tumors ; drug repurposing ; PI3K pathway ; epigenetics ; Fimepinostat ; LPAR1 ; LPA ; tumor metastasis ; bioinformatics analysis ; ulixertinib ; ERK inhibition ; combination therapy ; c-Myc/N-Myc ; cell differentiation ; ATRA ; SOX4 ; diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma ; immunotherapy ; immune microenvironment ; immune checkpoint inhibitor ; vaccine ; oncolytic virus ; myeloid sarcoma ; chloroma ; acute myeloid leukemia ; pediatric cancers ; VIPN ; DIC ; MDR ; drug transporters ; childhood acute leukemia ; early complication ; hyperleukocytosis ; risk factor ; survival outcome ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The researchers involved in this reprint will continue their studies to improve the existent dental biomaterials in order to achieve optimal dental treatment with biocompatible, bioactive, and stable properties. As the Guest Editors, we sincerely value and thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and the support of the team at Bioengineering. Finally, we express our gratitude to all contributing authors for their valuable research. Altogether, the 16 research papers/reviews in this Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease" reflect the importance of in vitro and in vivo studies for improving the efficacy of using biomaterials in dental treatment.
    Keywords: adhesion ; bonding ; dental porcelain ; glass ceramics ; orthodontic bracket ; shear strength ; aligner ; cytotoxicity ; estrogenicity ; invisalign ; monomer ; retainer ; 3D resin ; endodontic sealer ; polyphenols ; resveratrol ; pyrogallol ; biological activity ; piezoelectric surgery ; endodonticsurgery ; crack formation ; ultrasonic tip ; retropreparation ; antibacterial effect ; dental impressions ; disinfectant agents ; disinfection ; oral bacteria ; implant periapical lesion ; implant failure ; peri-implantitis ; endodontic surgery ; complication ; retreatment procedure ; filling materials removal ; revision system ; sonic activation ; oval-shaped canal ; decontamination ; lithium disilicate ; resin ; saliva ; shear bond strength ; crowns ; fixed prosthodontics ; resin composite ; survival ; bond strength ; contact angle ; dentin ; desensitizers ; resin cements ; 3D printing ; digital light processing ; interim crown ; in vivo study ; wear ; endodontists ; general practicing dentists ; root canal treatment ; quality ; undergraduate students ; traumatic dental injury ; tooth fracture ; adhesive reattachment ; pulp ; regeneration ; revitalization ; transplant ; root ; maxillary premolars ; upper premolars ; canal ; root canal anomalies ; anatomical variations ; root morphology ; coneless ; MEA technique ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This reprint focuses on recent advances in the clinical care of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndromes. We must accumulate novel scientific and clinical knowledge in this field to develop seamless treatments and preventive strategies for this patient population. Furthermore, accumulated data have implicated that there are some residual risk factors for coronary syndromes, and the clinical management of cardiovascular/non-cardiovascular complications associated with coronary syndromes is also a critical concern. We hope that this reprint will facilitate the management of future patients with coronary syndromes; however, further research is still required. It is also our hope that this reprint will promote future research to enable a better understanding of the clinical practice of coronary syndromes.
    Keywords: statin ; myocardial infarction ; renal function ; coronary CT angiography ; subtraction ; fractional flow reserve ; coronary artery disease ; Agatston score ; uric acid ; endothelial function ; ischemic heart disease ; ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease ; angioplasty ; drug-eluting stents ; non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction ; multivessel disease ; acute coronary syndrome ; chronic coronary syndrome ; xanthine oxidoreductase ; coronary artery spasm ; gender differences ; vasospastic angina ; microvascular spasm ; microvascular vasodilatory function ; high coronary thrombus burden ; tissue plasminogen activator ; catheter-directed thrombolysis ; olmesartan ; amlodipine ; rosuvastatin ; single pill combination ; phase III clinical trial ; computed tomography ; computed tomography perfusion ; myocardial perfusion abnormality ; aspirin ; clopidogrel ; prasugrel ; P2Y12 inhibitor ; bleeding ; nitrate ; vasodilator ; biomarker ; mortality ; risk-score model ; n/a ; NGAL ; contrast-induced acute kidney injury ; percutaneous coronary intervention ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJD Cardiovascular medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book contains research articles on the advances in the aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), the spinal growth related to the implementation of growth modulation for the surgical treatment of early-onset IS, the non-surgical treatment of IS using Physiotheraputic Scoliosis Specific Exercises, and braces. Additionally, it focuses on issues related to surgical treatment, issues related to body posture and the quality of life of this sensitive group of people. The high quality of published papers in this Special Issue of the JCM serve these objectives.
    Keywords: idiopathic scoliosis ; health-related quality of life ; cultural adaptation ; Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ; brace therapy ; brace concepts ; rigid brace ; night time brace ; ring apophysis ; maturation ; ossification ; fusion ; scoliosis ; nighttime orthotic treatment ; surgery ; quality of life ; paraspinal muscles ; cross-sectional area ; posterior approach ; computed tomography ; Italian spine youth quality of life questionnaire ; SRS-22 ; 22q11.2 deletion syndrome ; human model ; neuromuscular scoliosis ; radiography ; MRI ; curve morphology ; intraspinal anomaly ; body height ; pulmonary function test ; Cobb angle ; iTRAQ ; α-actin ; progressive ; differentially expressed proteins ; bracing ; physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise ; physical activity ; adherence ; spinal appearance ; shared decision-making ; personalised approach ; sclerostin ; osteocytes ; β-catenin ; Wnt signaling pathway ; scoliometer ; truncal asymmetry ; lateral spinal profile ; surface topography ; aetiology ; spinal deformities ; pathobiomechanics ; follow-up study ; Rett syndrome ; motor skills ; telerehabilitation ; physical therapy modalities ; home exercise program ; neurodynamic functions ; assessment ; pain ; treatment ; early onset scoliosis ; non-operative treatment ; body posture ; sports activity ; corrective exercises ; digital photography ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Advancements in medical imaging modalities have resulted in increasing the importance and demand of pediatric radiology. This reprint showcases various examples of advanced research in pediatric radiology and nuclear medicine. These include the use of medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography, general radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound for diagnosis, as well as the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in computer-aided detection and diagnosis in the pediatric population. The radiation dose issue of pediatric radiological examinations and emerging AI technology for dose reduction, as well as the use of three-dimensional printing based on medical images for pediatric surgical planning, healthcare professional education, and patient–clinician communication are also covered.
    Keywords: as low as reasonably achievable ; computed tomography ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; dose reduction ; generative adversarial network ; image processing ; machine learning ; medical imaging ; noise ; contrast-enhanced ultrasound ; head ultrasound ; brain death ; infants ; ancillary test ; child ; paediatric ; infant ; adolescent ; chest X-ray ; CXR ; chest radiography ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; biliary atresia ; ultrasonography ; diagnostic accuracy ; intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) ; diagnostic performance ; elastography ; three-dimensional printing ; congenital heart disease ; children ; model ; personalized medicine ; application ; confusion matrix ; disease identification ; image interpretation ; pneumonia ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; deep learning (DL) ; paediatric pneumonia ; chest radiograph ; computer-aided detection (CAD) ; cumulative ; radiation dose ; acute tonsillitis ; shear wave elastography ; stiffness ; pediatric ; magnetic resonance imaging ; infection ; neck ; emergency medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: A full awareness of the role played by a healthy diet, as part of a healthy lifestyle, in countering or slowing-down chronic and degenerative diseases has strongly increased the interest in food bioactives and the return of ancient foods that are nowadays considered functional. In fact, these dietary substances, to which nutraceutical attributes are increasingly entrusted, could display disease-preventing effects on animals and humans. In this context, polyphenols, which are widespread and mostly copious in dietary plant sources, have gained a lot of attention thanks to their potential ability to halt or reverse oxidative stress-related diseases. Indeed, food could contain, beyond health-promoting compounds, toxicants which are naturally occurring or process-induced dietary compounds with adverse effects on human health. The presence and abundance of bioactives are strictly related to their food source. Edible plant components largely contain beneficial secondary metabolites, but understanding them fully is still an important challenge as complex biotic and abiotic interactions are involved in their biosynthesis. Analytical methods, which are increasingly powerful, could enhance our knowledge of food bioactives, whereas the deep investigation of their bioactivity and bioavailability could make them particularly useful.
    Keywords: Urtica dioica ; natural products bioactivity ; food bioactives ; nutraceuticals ; cancer therapy ; breast cancer ; Aloe vera ; Aloe vera polysaccharides ; in vitro fermentation ; SCFAs ; antioxidant capacity ; food waste recovery ; grape leaves ; UHPLC-HR-MS/MS analysis ; flavonol glycuronides recovery ; linoleic acid peroxidation products ; hexane ; gastric cells ; metabolomics ; cDNA microarray ; avocado ; LC/MS ; fat-soluble vitamins ; carotenoids ; Cannabis sativa L. ; phenylamides ; lignanamides ; hemp seeds ; high resolution tandem mass spectrometry ; U-87 glioblastoma cells ; cytotoxicity ; Pistacia vera ; antioxidant ; quality ; tocopherol ; FTIR ; discriminant analysis ; pistacia (Pistacia vera) hulls ; anticancer ; bacterial resistance ; efflux pumps ; terpenoids ; thymol ; carvacrol ; Rosmarinus officinalis L. ; fresh young shoots tincture ; polyphenols ; terpenes ; hepatoprotective ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies represent a diverse spectrum of cancers with notable global incidence and prevalence. The comprehensive care of individuals affected by these malignancies is a multifaceted endeavor involving the collaboration of various medical disciplines. The nonspecific clinical manifestations of GI cancers often present a formidable diagnostic challenge to primary care providers, resulting in diagnostic delays. Subsequently, the treatment regimens, once initiated, are often demanding and prolonged, and profoundly impact the patients' overall quality of life. Given the intricate involvement of the digestive system, nutritional concerns are pervasive among these patients, influencing both their quality of life and survival. Despite these considerable challenges, the evolving landscape of treatment modalities has yielded improved outcomes, enabling a greater number of patients to achieve remission or extended survival. It is now imperative that we delve deeper into understanding the unique needs of this patient population and refine the care delivery pathways through enhanced diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and holistic support, and ultimately enhance the overall value of care provided to individuals afflicted by GI malignancies.
    Keywords: HCV ; esophageal cancer ; male ; interferon ; mortality ; colorectal cancer ; gynecologic cancer ; retrospective cohort study ; colonoscopy screening ; gastric cancer ; ascites ; postoperative follow-up ; gastrectomy ; endoscopic submucosal dissection ; early gastric cancer ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; glycemic control ; insulin resistance ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; annexin A2 ; prognostic marker ; survival outcome ; biliary tract cancer ; circulating tumor cell ; vimentin ; diagnosis ; prognosis ; gastric xanthelasma ; synchronous/metachronous gastric cancer ; genetic alteration ; predicting marker ; interval cancer ; screening ; endoscopy ; national cancer screening program ; c-Myc ; genetic linkage analysis ; cigarette smoking ; survival ; CRC ; CCL2 ; CCL4 ; CCL15 ; diagnostic utility ; gastrointestinal malignancies ; cancer survivorship ; calcium carbonate ; hypercalcemia ; cancer outcomes ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint examines regulatory, pricing and reimbursement issues related to the market access and uptake of off-patent biologics, biosimilars, next-generation biologics and competing innovative medicines in European countries.
    Keywords: infliximab ; etanercept ; TNFα inhibitors ; biologics ; biosimilars ; Germany ; policies ; incentives ; uptake ; market dynamics ; biosimilar market ; biosimilar/supply and distribution ; biosimilar sustainability ; Delphi technique ; pricing ; reimbursement ; utilization ; biosimilar ; biological ; information ; education ; communication ; patient ; Europe ; adalimumab ; biosimilarity assessment ; quality attributes (QAs) ; potentially critical quality attributes (pCQAs) ; European public assessment reports (EPARs) ; clinical governance ; Spain ; barriers ; regulatory ; review ; approval ; clinical ; queries ; regulatory science ; budget impact analysis ; savings ; pharmaceutical spending ; cost containment ; reference biological ; competitive market ; Belgium ; trastuzumab ; intravenous ; subcutaneous ; HER2-positive breast cancer ; drug costs ; healthcare costs ; cost simulation ; tender ; procurement ; off-patent ; award criteria ; switching ; interchangeability ; sustainability ; competition ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Researchers have made great progress in the mechanism of mycotoxins biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and the construction of detection methods. This collection holds fundamental and applied research on pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins in China, which directly or indirectly affect the health of plants, animals, and humans. Some papers mainly study the mechanism of mycotoxin biosynthesis, including the crucial genes, environmental factors, and regulation mechanisms, which is beneficial to advancing our knowledge of this area. Some papers focus on the toxicity of mycotoxins, which is helpful to the detoxification of mycotoxins and the reduction of the hazardous effect of mycotoxins. Special attention is given to the leading detection methods, especially on-site rapid detection. These effective and feasible methods are important for discovering and controlling the risk of mycotoxins.
    Keywords: water activity ; aflatoxin biosynthesis ; conidia development ; regulatory mechanism ; AtfB ; fumonisin B1 ; BALB/c mice ; fecal bacterial flora ; 16S rRNA sequencing ; zearalenone ; gilts ; ovary ; hormone ; weaned gilt ; intestinal morphology ; ghrelin ; PCNA ; farmers’ grain storage silos ; absolute water potential ; ventilation and drying ; mycotoxins ; contamination distribution ; Alternaria toxins ; modified QuEChERS method ; ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ; mixed fruit puree ; Aspergillus flavus ; AflN ; aflatoxin ; conidiation ; rice false smut ; ustiloxins ; generic antigen ; immuno-magnetic beads ; enzyme-linked immunity ; hepatotoxicity ; nephrotoxicity ; haematological toxicity ; regulatory limit ; αB-conotoxin VxXXIVA ; epitope ; hybridoma ; monoclonal antibody ; ELISA ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: This Special Issue delves deeply into the intricate distinctions between acute and chronic pain. Crucially, chronic pain is more than a mere by-product of sensory input; it entails the activation of a complex brain network intertwined with biopsychosocial factors. As such, its management emerges as a formidable clinical challenge. Within the scope of this Special Issue, focused attention is given to postoperative pain (POP) and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). POP, characterized by its predictability, intensity, and short duration, contrasts starkly with the potentially persistent and troublesome nature of CPSP, which can endure for over three months if not adequately addressed. The prevention of CPSP takes on paramount importance, with regional anesthesia techniques emerging as promising tools for intervention. The pivotal role of multimodal analgesia and combined therapeutic strategies is underscored. The Special Issue also delves into the intriguing realm of gender differences in pain perception, advocating for further research to illuminate these disparities. Risk factors contributing to the development of chronic pain following surgery are meticulously identified. Lastly, this Special Issue explores the potential of new technologies in the field of telemedicine and artificial intelligence to optimize care delivery, opening new avenues for enhanced patient outcomes and treatment strategies.
    Keywords: Postoperative pain ; Chronic postoperative pain ; Pain mechanisms ; Postoperative pain management ; Physiopathology of chronic postoperative pain ; Opioids ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The development of in vivo neuroimaging techniques has yielded an incredible amount of digital information about the brain. Neuroimaging techniques are increasingly being used to study human cognitive processes, create brain–machine interfaces, and also to identify and diagnose certain brain disorders. Currently, neuroscientists and medics actively use different methods for brain scans, including electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electrocorticography (ECoG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Recent advances in signal processing and machine learning for neuroimaging data using various signal processing methods have made impressive progress in solving a number of practical tasks in medicine, healthcare, neuroscience, biomedical engineering, brain–machine interfaces, and cognitive science, to name but a few. This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for academic and industrial communities to present and discuss the latest theoretical and experimental results related to recent advances in neuroimaging data processing in terms of new theories, algorithms, architectures, and applications.
    Keywords: MEG ; FieldTrip ; Brainstorm ; source reconstruction ; flickering ; cognitive neuroscience ; visual perception ; detrended fluctuation analysis ; long-range correlations ; electroencephalogram ; sleep deprivation ; nonstationarity ; transfer entropy ; kernel methods ; Renyi’s entropy ; connectivity analysis ; phase interactions ; brain data ; low-cost devices ; EEG ; BIDS ; neuroscience ; library ; ambiguous stimuli ; Necker cubes ; classification task ; EEG analysis ; wavelet analysis ; decision time ; perceptual errors ; time-on-task effect ; brain connectivity ; artificial neural networks ; granger causality ; time series ; brain–computer interface ; event-related potential ; beamforming ; regularization ; BCI ; graphical user interface ; wheelchair navigation ; grid map ; natural landmark ; optimal paths ; deep Q-networks ; focal epilepsy ; diffusion imaging ; electroencephalography ; structure-function coupling ; seizure onset ; structural connectivity ; functional connectivity ; cognitive load ; coupling ; bubble entropy ; transition network ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Non-destructive testing and evaluation are commonly referred to as the vast group of analysis techniques used in civil, medical, and industrial sectors to evaluate the properties of materials, tissues, components, or structures, without causing any damage. Automation offers many benefits for non-destructive testing to cope with increasing demands, including improved reliability and higher inspection speeds. Additionally, robots enable inspections in locations that are not easily accessible to human operators and allow for humans to be removed from potentially dangerous environments. However, the perceived complexity and high costs have limited the adoption of automation. As a result, the full potential that could be derived from the seamless integration of robotic platforms with sensors, actuators, and software has not been fully explored; it could still revolutionise the way that automated inspections are performed and conceived. The recent advancements in electronics, robotics, sensor technology and software pave the way for new developments in automated testing and data-driven autonomous robotic inspections in several sectors. This Special Issue aimed to attract the latest research outcomes in the field of robotic sensing. Five papers relate to inspection systems based on robotic fixed-base manipulators, three of which are associated with in-process inspection in manufacturing applications (robotic wire-arc welding and additive manufacturing). Four papers report research advancements in mobile robotic-enabled sensing.
    Keywords: wall-climbing robot ; passive adaptive mechanism ; magnetic circuit optimization ; flexible detection method ; welding robot ; seam tracking ; laser sensor ; feature point extracting ; complex welding seam ; UAVs ; inspection ; soft robotics ; non-destructive evaluation ; robotic NDE ; robotic welding ; robotic control ; in-process NDE ; ultrasonic NDE ; ultrasound ; image motion analysis ; image processing ; optical flow ; underwater robotic ; NDT ; free-form surface profiling ; autonomous robotic systems ; in-process robotic NDE ; Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) ; ultrasound testing ; total focusing method ; defect recognition ; aircraft inspection ; deep learning ; CNN ; UAV ; defect classification ; AI ; underwater vehicle–manipulator system ; robotics emulator ; contact management ; remote inspection ; force control ; automated eddy current testing ; eddy current arrays ; robotics ; thermography ; non-destructive testing ; image alignment ; image blending ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: The year 2021 marks the 10th anniversary of Journal of Clinical Medicine, and as one of the major sections of JCM, we are launching a 10th anniversary Special Issue in the section “Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine”. We accepted papers for the Special Issue, titled "Recent diagnostic and therapeutic advance in Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine". This medical field is a complex and wide-ranging field that deals with diseases in multiple organs such as the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary pancreas. With recent advances in diagnostic imaging and interventional treatment, those in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, those in functional test and those in genetic diagnosis and drug therapy, including the molecular-targeted therapy, many new medical findings have been accumulated. In this Special Issue, we looked for reports that make full use of advances in diagnostics and therapeutics in the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine.
    Keywords: TXI ; sessile serrated lesion ; hyperplastic polyp ; colonoscopy ; endoscopic submucosal dissection ; colorectal tumor ; traction method ; carbon dioxide ; CO2 insufflation ; abdominal pain ; abdominal distention ; transnasal endoscopy ; health check ; tranexamic acid ; gastrointestinal bleeding ; mortality ; thromboembolic events ; liver metastases ; colorectal liver metastases ; non-colorectal and non-neuroendocrine liver metastases ; liver resection ; Crohn’s disease ; biologics ; small-molecule drugs ; health-related quality of life (HRQoL) ; gastric cancer ; gastric cancer screening ; endoscopy ; H. pylori ; eradication therapy ; n/a ; functional bowel disorders ; gut microbiota ; personalized diet ; machine learning ; personalized medicine ; Turkey ; machine perfusion ; normothermic ; hypothermic ; liver transplant ; survival ; ustekinumab ; perianal fistula ; radiological fistula remission ; metastatic pancreatic carcinoma ; FOLFIRINOX ; sarcopenia ; oxaliplatin ; L3 skeletal muscle index ; percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ; prognostic factor ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are responsible for Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), are liposoluble toxins produced by microalgae of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. This book presents 18 scientific papers that offer new information and scientific evidence on: (i) CTX occurrence in aquatic environments, with an emphasis on edible aquatic organisms; (ii) analysis methods for the determination of CTXs; (iii) advances in research on CTX-producing organisms; (iv) environmental factors involved in the presence of CTXs; and (v) the assessment of public health risks related to the presence of CTXs, as well as risk management and mitigation strategies.
    Keywords: ciguatoxins ; HRMS ; Q-TOF ; ciguatera poisoning ; C-CTX1 ; fragmentation pathways ; maitotoxins ; Gambierdiscus ; Fukuyoa ; LC-MS/MS ; QToF ; neuroblastoma cell assay ; matrix effect ; ciguatera monitoring ; SPATT passive samplers ; HP20 resin ; CBA-N2a ; WS artificial substrate ; qPCR ; HTS metabarcoding ; ciguatera ; ciguatoxin ; cytotoxicity assay ; ELISA ; HPLC ; immunoassay ; mouse bioassay ; receptor-binding assay ; ciguatoxins (CTXs) ; neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA) ; immunosensor ; pacific ciguatoxins ; natural product ; polycyclic ether ; ring-closing metathesis ; Tsuji-Trost allylation ; French Polynesia ; epidemiology ; toxicological analyses ; risk management ; climate change ; Gambierdiscus polynesiensis ; toxin profile ; nitrate ; urea ; culture medium acidification ; CTX1B ; 52-epi-54-deoxyCTX1B ; 54-deoxyCTX1B ; Dictyota ; Caribbean ; dinoflagellate ; benthic algae ; algal toxin ; harmful algal bloom ; the Indian Ocean ; Arabian sea ; Kuwait bay ; Aden Gulf ; Red Sea ; Gulf of Aqaba ; Andaman Sea ; Bay of Bengal ; seafood safety ; foodborne disease ; experimental exposure ; lionfish ; trophic transfer ; toxin accumulation ; Selvagens Islands ; morphology ; phylogeny ; benthic dinoflagellate ; Beibu Gulf ; Chinese waters ; least absolute shrinkage and selection operator ; machine learning ; data science ; medical informatics ; survival analysis ; foodborne diseases ; Ciguatera Fish Poisoning ; digital technologies ; open data ; risk analysis ; marine biotoxins ; Lagodon rhomboides ; pinfish ; bioaccumulation ; depuration ; Caribbean ciguatoxin ; growth dilution ; model ; kinetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: Billions of people suffer from dental problems. Paradoxically, the deteriorating state of teeth is accompanied by the ever-increasing desire to preserve the best facial appearance, which is significantly influenced by teeth aesthetics. This favors the development of dental materials and manufacturing technologies for dental prosthetics, needed to achieve expected effects of clinical treatment.This reprint focus on enhancing antimicrobial and mechanical properties of polymeric materials and composites for dentistry. In recent years, special attention has been focused on the possibility of giving materials new or improved properties by the introduction of nano or submicron size additives, fibers or whiskers. Using agents such as natural oils to enhance antimicrobial properties remains an exciting idea. Another area of research is the application of antibacterial monomers, which can be copolymerized in resins to kill oral pathogenic microflora. The use of new monomers or new compilations of various monomers to improve mechanical properties has also aroused interest. In addition, we are currently looking for new data regarding colonization of dental materials by pathogenic microbes and their influence on the other properties. Further, there are many new commercially available materials which should be investigated to verify their properties, which is important from the point of view of clinical practice. Original new research and reviews related to any of the topics mentioned above indicate the current directions of development of dental materials. We hope that the presented work will be of interest to readers.
    Keywords: dental cements ; ethanol ; water ; resistance ; DTS ; Vickers hardness ; dental materials ; dimethacrylates ; polymer networks ; structure ; morphology ; degree of conversion ; crosslink density ; physical crosslinking ; hydrogen bonds ; mechanical properties ; water sorption ; polymethyl methacrylate ; denture ; antibacterial properties ; silver ; sorption ; solubility ; wear resistance ; FRC ; bonding ; technique ; fiber ; reinforced ; composite ; spot ; mechanical ; deflection ; orthodontics ; brushing ; wear ; retainer ; splint ; load ; direct pulp capping ; indirect pulp capping ; ProRoot MTA ; MTA Angelus ; retroMTA ; biodentine ; theraCal LC ; ACTIVA BioACTIVE ; vital pulp therapy ; glass fiber ; composite post ; endodontic therapy ; etching ; post and core technique ; silane ; glass-ionomer cements ; resin-modified ; fibre ; reinforcement ; nanoparticles ; testing ; strength ; P2O5-bioglass ; zirconia ; melt-quenching ; SBF ; hydroxyapatite ; in vitro bioactivity ; essential oils ; oral pathogens ; antibacterial activity ; S. mutans ; L. acidophilus ; C. albicans ; antifungal activity ; resin composite ; wettability ; biofilm formation ; cytotoxicity ; polymers ; antimicrobial properties ; infiltrants ; metronidazole ; dental ceramics ; spectroscopy ; IR ; FT-IR ; Raman spectroscopy ; UV-Vis ; X-ray spectroscopy ; XRF ; XRD ; MS ; dental resins ; UDMA ; Bis-GMA ; Bis-EMA ; TEGDMA ; hardness ; water absorption ; water dissolution ; CAD-CAM ; inlay ; lithium disilicate ; zirconium dioxide ; root caries ; infiltration ; microstomatology ; adhesive ; bracket ; dentures ; denture adhesives ; human fibroblasts ; composite resins ; Streptococcus mutans ; dental caries ; bacterial adhesion ; oleic acid ; PMMA ; filamentation ; biofilm ; antimicrobial surface ; Candida albicans ; colonization ; penetration ; dimethacrylate copolymers ; quaternary ammonium methacrylates ; urethane-dimethacrylates ; photocurable copolymers ; water behavior ; thermoplastic materials ; laboratory protocol ; texture ; roughness ; biomaterial ; polymer ; microbial degradation ; artificial saliva ; mucins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: In this Special Issue, we sought advanced knowledge in both basic and clinical research presented in original articles and comprehensive reviews highlighting the latest advances in MCC. Articles focus on but were not restricted to the molecular basis of the disease, translational investigations of biomarkers for prospective clinical applications, and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in MCC.
    Keywords: miR-375 ; antagomiRs ; Merkel cell carcinoma ; Hippo signaling ; focal adhesion ; diagnosis ; treatment ; review ; guideline ; Merkel cell polyoma virus ; tumor microenvironment ; CD8 lymphocytes ; ulceration ; E-cadherin ; artesunate ; MCC ; polyomavirus ; ferroptosis ; radiation therapy ; immunotherapy ; surgical intervention ; survival ; multidisciplinary communication ; biomarkers ; cell tropism ; signaling pathways ; therapy ; transgenic mice ; tumorigenesis ; histogenesis ; ATOH1 ; GLI1 ; sonic hedgehog ; hair follicle ; Merkel cell polyomavirus ; skin carcinogenesis ; T antigens ; human polyomaviruses ; DNA tumor viruses ; viral oncoproteins ; merkel cell carcinoma ; merkel cell polyoma virus ; sex ; radiotherapy ; UV ; cell line ; MYC ; TP53 ; RB1 ; whole-exome ; significantly mutated genes ; copy number variation ; virus positive Merkel cell carcinoma ; virus negative Merkel cell carcinoma and copy number variant ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: In the treatment of acute stroke, thrombolysis and thrombectomy have proven to be highly effective. Many patients have seen significant improvement after reperfusion therapy. This reprint aims to address current knowledge gaps and promote advancements in the use of thrombolysis and thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
    Keywords: ischemic stroke ; acute kidney injury ; contrast media ; endovascular treatment ; outcome ; hyperglycemia ; acute ischemic stroke ; large vessel occlusion ; mechanical thrombectomy ; stroke ; ischemia ; machine learning ; cerebral infarction ; biomarkers ; recanalization therapy ; reperfusion ; temperature ; time to admission ; prehospital delay ; prior stroke ; basilar artery ; brain ischemia ; intracranial atherosclerosis ; embolism ; infarction ; clinical symptoms ; intravenous thrombolysis ; endovascular therapy ; recanalization times ; clinical outcome ; hypoperfusion index ratio ; collateral circulation ; collateral scoring ; CTA ; CTP ; thrombolysis ; C-reactive protein ; white blood cell count ; prognosis ; hypoperfusion ; collaterality ; thrombectomy ; frailty ; elderly patients ; hospital frailty risk score ; acute stroke ; perfusion imaging ; CT perfusion ; MR perfusion ; RAPID ; fasting hyperglycemia ; fasting normoglycemia ; long-term outcome ; hemorrhagic transformation ; parenchymal hematoma ; GWAS ; single nucleotide variants ; anterior circulation ; bridging therapy ; recanalization ; stroke risk score ; COVID-19 ; Lithuania ; reperfusion therapies ; outcomes ; safety ; prehospital stroke diagnosis ; ultrasound ; brain perfusion ; SONAS® ; prehospital stroke scales ; point-of-care diagnostics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: As Editor-in-Chief of the journal Diabetology, I am pleased to announce that the Special Issue “Diabetology: Feature Papers 2022” has now been published as a reprint. Diabetology (ISSN 2673-4540) is an international, peer-reviewed scientific open access journal that provides an advanced forum for studies related to the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, management, complications, and prevention of diabetes, including the molecular, biochemical, and physiological aspects of diabetes. In this Special Issue, “Feature Papers”, we aimed to publish outstanding contributions in the main fields covered by the journal, which will make a great contribution to the community. This reprint covers the whole spectrum of diabetology from risk screening, risk markers, pathways of disease in type 1 diabetes and insulin treatment, and management of the disease and comorbidities.
    Keywords: older people ; diabetes mellitus ; management ; insulin therapy ; frailty ; sarcopenia ; type 1 diabetes ; type 2 diabetes ; insulin ; beta cell preservation ; verapamil ; thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) ; Chronic Care Model ; self-management of type 2 diabetes ; chronic disease ; healthcare system of Pakistan ; patients’ quality of life ; obstructive sleep apnoea ; DM ; obesity ; inflammation ; polysomnography ; coronavirus disease 2019 ; COVID-19 ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; diabetes ; diabetic ketoacidosis ; DKA ; hyperglycemia ; mortality ; innate immunity ; cytokine storm ; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ; pancreatic β-cell damage ; pediatrics ; HbA1c ; telemedicine ; continuous glucose monitoring ; prediabetes ; liver enzymes ; rhenium (V) compound ; triglycerides ; NAFLD ; fructose ; injection technique ; lipohypertrophy ; sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors ; nocturia ; sodium intake ; key informant interviews ; prevention of type 2 diabetes ; National DPP ; DSMES ; telehealth ; provider experiences ; lipodystrophy ; clinical detection ; recommendations ; rehabilitation ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been present on the consumer market for over a decade, and the number of related scientific publications in the PubMed database has now exceeded seven thousand. Despite the number of publications, there is still no consensus in the scientific community regarding their safety. However, it should be emphasized that a comparison of equivalent quantities of tobacco smoke and the aerosol produced from e-cigarettes showed that there was a significantly lower quantity of toxic compounds in the aerosol compared with the tobacco smoke. Therefore, the use of ECs could be seen as a way of reducing the health damage to cigarette smokers who cannot or are unwilling to quit using conventional methods. In addition, randomized studies are emerging suggesting that ECs could be useful in smoking cessation. On the other hand, ECs are now widely used among adolescents and may pose a serious risk of future nicotine dependence and health problems in this population, as they counteract their advantages in the population gained from smokers who quit using them. Therefore, as most authors stress, further research that will convincingly resolve the current controversies is needed. Clinicians urgently need evidence-based knowledge to better inform their patients about the use of these emerging tobacco products as a harm-reduction strategy, and regulators should regulate these products in ways that best serve public health, especially taking the youth population into account.
    Keywords: e-cigarettes ; global health ; vaping ; tobacco smoke ; toxicants ; cessation ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: In the last century, the average life expectancy at birth increased from roughly 45 years in the early 1900s to more than 80 years of age at present. However, living longer is often related to different levels of frailty. There is no curative treatment for frailty—the interventions that have been described as effective to slow or delay the onset of frailty are physical activity and nutritional interventions. Maintaining adequate nutrition status is important to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, many of which are age-related. On the other hand, frailty itself may have a negative effect on eating and, thus, on the nutritional status. This Special Issue, "Nutrition, Diet Quality, Aging and Frailty", addresses the existing knowledge on nutrition regarding the causative factors of frailty and disease due to aging, i.e., strategies for delaying the pathological effects of aging. It consists of twelve peer-reviewed papers covering original research, protocol development, methodological studies, narrative or systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, to better understand these complex relationships.
    Keywords: diet ; metabolism ; nutrient ; glucose ; lipid ; insulin ; neuroinflammation ; Alzheimer’s disease ; anti-ageing ; eating habits ; functional foods ; skin ageing ; breakfast ; meals ; older adults ; protein intake ; hyperhomocysteinemia ; vitamin B deficiency ; amyloid beta-peptides ; disease models ; animal ; memory and learning tests ; dietary diversity ; activities of daily living ; cohort study ; adults ; mortality ; QOL ; ADL ; Serum albumin ; self-assessed chewing ability ; inflammaging ; cognitive impairment ; cytokines ; physical frailty ; aged ; dietary inflammatory index ; dietary patterns ; frailty ; inflammation ; muscle function ; muscle mass ; sarcopenia ; prevalence ; nutrition ; physical activity ; meta-analysis ; meta-regression ; dairy products ; dietary pattern ; malnutrition ; food groups ; Mediterranean dietary pattern ; Westernized dietary pattern ; cross-sectional study ; aging ; lifespan ; carbohydrates ; whole grain ; protein ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Essential hypertension is still an important health care problem. It is necessary to investigate its mechanisms in animal models. The potential clinical importance of such experimental research might be expected. This Special Issue concerned several important topics. First, several studies focused on the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for blood pressure elevation during hypertension development, organ damage in chronic hypertension, and drugs targeting hypertension and/or its complications. Other studies were interested in the participation of central and peripheral blood pressure control, changes in vascular structure and function, and neural, humoral, and endocrine factors. Furthermore, the contribution of altered redox signaling, chronic inflammation, microbiome changes, and interactions of genetic and environmental factors were evaluated in multiple papers. Finally, special attention was paid to the progress in pharmacological tools for the control of hypertension and associated organ damage, genetic modifications to alter blood pressure levels, and non-pharmacological interventions attenuating hypertension or its complications. The original articles or reviews covered the interesting aspects of the pathophysiology of hypertension and associated end-organ damage, the use of various experimental hypertensive models, and the importance of specific environmental factors acting in distinct phases of the ontogeny. We especially appreciate the presentation of new ideas and the critical discussion of traditional theories.
    Keywords: developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) ; gut microbiota ; hypertension ; short chain fatty acid ; oxidative stress ; probiotics ; prebiotics ; renin–angiotensin system ; fibroblast growth factor-23 ; left ventricular hypertrophy ; renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system ; losartan ; canrenone ; Hyp mice ; X-linked hypophosphatemia ; hairless SHRM ; cold acclimation ; cardiac Cx43 ; extracellular matrix ; thyroid hormones ; SHR ; sacubitril/valsartan ; ARNI ; ivabradine ; remodelling ; cardiac dysfunction ; fibrosis ; angiotensin II ; angiotensin 1-7 ; knock-out ; genome-editing ; SHRSP ; Dahl SS ; foetal programming of hypertension ; sympathetic neurotransmission ; sympathetic innervation ; vascular remodelling ; foetal undernutrition ; old SHR ; antihypertensive therapy ; blood pressure monitoring ; LV hypertrophy ; ECM markers ; cardiac fibrosis ; SHR-CRP ; SGLT-2 inhibitor ; gene expression ; age ; lipid metabolism ; nitric oxide ; l-NAME ; rostral ventrolateral medulla ; aging ; reactive oxygen species ; NADPH oxidase activator 1 ; mitochondria ; chloride ; calcium-activated chloride channel ; Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter 1 ; TMEM16A ; smooth muscle ; fetal undernutrition programming ; cross-fostering ; lactation period ; cardiovascular hypertrophy ; adipose tissue browning ; cardiovascular disease ; catecholamines ; liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ; SGLT-2 inhibition ; proteinuria ; uninephrectomized salt-loaded ; two-kidney ; one-clip hypertension ; fawn-hooded hypertensive rat ; ApoE KO ; apolipoprotein E knockout mice ; atherosclerosis ; Na,K-ATPase ; TCTP ; TCTP-overexpressing transgenic mice ; translationally controlled tumor protein ; TCTP-TG ; experimental hypertension ; bone ; rats ; taurine ; magnesium ; 24 h urine(24U) ; stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat ; young SHR ; combination therapy ; treatment effect ; systolic blood pressure ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJD Cardiovascular medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint aims to promote and disseminate applied research in the field of corrosion of steel structures and technological equipment. Within the text, the focus is firmly placed on the detailed study of corrosion processes affected by specific environments, as well as on the effects of corrosion damage on the reliability and service life of structural components and technological equipment. Special attention is paid to the study of the impact of corrosion processes on pipelines.
    Keywords: Q235B steel ; desulfurization solution ; corrosion mechanism ; pitting corrosion ; high pressure and high temperature ; O2–CO2 coexistence environment ; flow-induced corrosion ; reinforcing steel ; corrosion ; chloride ; experiment ; bow shaped device ; concrete ; cathodic protection ; buried pipelines ; rust layer ; electrochemical acceleration test ; applied current density ; required current ; low-alloy steel ; SEM ; inclusion ; anodic dissolution ; steel pipeline ; in-line inspection results ; interacting corrosion defects ; structural integrity ; galvanostatic test method ; underground infrastructure ; long-term corrosion ; carbon steel ; ASTM A516-65 steel ; weld ; hydrogen-induced cracking ; galvanic corrosion ; sour environment ; vinyltrimethoxysilane ; silane ; sol–gel ; response surface methodology ; Box–Behnken design ; modeling ; soil environment ; carbon steel corrosion ; stray current corrosion ; pipeline ; calcareous deposit ; corrosion mitigation ; failure analysis ; low-carbon steel pipe ; aluminum inclusions ; pearlite inhomogeneity ; steel structures ; crevice corrosion ; lattice towers ; bolted lap joints ; weathering steel ; experimental tests ; numerical modelling ; corrosion current density ; sulfate ; galvanized steel ; alkaline solutions ; linear polarization resistance ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: The challenges in identifying effective therapies for CNS tumors continue to be daunting. Potentially effective targeted therapies must be able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier to reach the tumor and, in sufficient concentrations, to result in meaningful treatment responses. Moreover, molecular targets must be key drivers in the growth and progression of CNS tumors. Numerous potentially efficacious therapies have failed in randomized clinical trials due to other factors, including subclonal genetic intratumoral heterogeneity (particularly within malignant gliomas), epigenetic heterogeneity, and failure to target important factors involved in the tumor microenvironment. Developing effective targeted therapies requires a thorough fundamental understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors driving tumor progression, the interactions between CNS tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and the key mechanisms of tumor treatment resistance. In this Special Issue, experts in the field of CNS tumors will highlight the most promising molecular targets in the development of treatments for patients with CNS tumors.
    Keywords: glioblastoma molecular classification ; ERK/MAPK pathway ; PI3K/PTEN pathway ; receptor tyrosine kinase ; EGFR ; PDGFRA ; FGFR3 ; MET ; EPHB2 ; NF1 ; immunotherapy ; glioblastoma ; blood–brain barrier ; central nervous system ; T cells ; T lymphocytes ; PCNSL ; CNS lymphoma ; methotrexate ; novel therapies ; novel therapeutics ; neurofibromatosis ; low grade glioma ; plexiform neurofibroma ; vestibular schwannoma ; glioma ; tumor mutation burden ; neoantigen ; immune score ; germline mutation ; antigen processing and presentation ; ependymoma ; subependymoma ; RELA ; YAP1 ; ZFTA ; PFA ; PFB ; MYCN ; Group A ; Group B ; myxopapillary ; targeted therapy ; diffuse midline gliomas ; molecular targets ; potential therapy development ; intraparenchymal metastases ; CNS disease ; metastatic disease ; tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; monoclonal antibodies ; Warburg effect ; mass spectrometry ; isotope labeling ; cancer metabolism ; pediatric brain tumor ; adenosine ; tumor microenvironment ; A2AAR antagonist ; immune evasion ; adenosine receptors ; bevacizumab ; temozolomide ; progression ; biomarker ; neoplastic ; meningitis ; leptomeningeal ; chemotherapy ; radiotherapy ; intrathecal ; GBM ; U87MG ; A172 ; Metformin ; LPS ; antioxidant ; cell cycle arrest ; apoptosis ; low-grade glioma ; preclinical models ; IDH-mutant glioma ; patient avatars ; methylation ; methylomics ; G-CIMP ; MGMT ; DNMT ; ATRX ; H3K27M ; CpG island ; tumor suppressor ; methyltransferases ; histone acetylation ; brain tumor ; brain metastasis ; lung cancer ; lung malignancy ; progression-free survival ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; lung carcinoma ; molecular therapy ; whole-brain radiation therapy ; stereotactic radiosurgery ; KIF11 ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Humans and animals are continuously exposed to different unwanted actions of compounds, including mycotoxins present in food, water, and air. The presence of mycotoxins is a reason for different disease states or tissue and organism dysfunction. New work should facilitate a more accurate description of the degree of species sensitivity and more efficient dietary management, using environmental influences to improve plant material and animal health quality during primary production. On the other hand, better knowledge of the different forms of enzymes participating in mycotoxin biotransformation would enable more efficient preventive and therapeutic actions in many disease states in which the aetiology was not fully understood until now.
    Keywords: zearalenone ; digestive tract ; carryover factor ; ERs mRNA ; CYP1A1 mRNA ; GSTP1 mRNA ; pre-pubertal gilts ; low doses ; carry-over ; myocardium ; vascular reactivity ; mastitis ; ovarian cysts ; pyometra ; hepatic portal system ; dairy cows ; biosensors ; deoxynivalenol ; immunosensors ; feed ; antibody ; aptamer ; molecularly imprinted polymer ; low dose ; bone marrow microenvironment ; haematology ; AMH ; cattle ; long-term monitoring ; sub-clinical contamination ; SAA ; urine ; intestines ; CYP1A1 and GSTπ1 ; prepubertal gilts ; amoxicillin ; doxycycline ; Ussing chamber ; swine jejunum mucosa explants ; gonads ; hypothalamus ; pituitary gland ; steroid hormones ; immunohistochemistry ; oestrogen receptors ; gilts before puberty ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: It was recently reported that pollution was responsible for 9 million premature deaths in 2015, making it the world's largest environmental risk factor for disease and premature death. Human and industrial activities generate various forms of residual wastes and by-products in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state. Waste generation starts with simple processes such as living, eating, and breathing. Managing waste and minimizing associated environmental impacts have become more challenging as worldwide populations and economies continue to grow. Once these hazardous chemicals are present in the environment, people can become exposed to them. Human health can be influenced by many factors, including exposure to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological contaminants in the environment.This reprint comprises research papers related to the aspects of environmental exposure to multiple toxic chemicals and human health. The manuscripts are focused on toxicology, biomonitoring, exposure and risk assessment, and endocrine disruptors.
    Keywords: pesticide ; insecticide ; herbicide ; fungicide ; rheumatoid arthritis ; autoimmune disease ; n/a ; ovary ; endocrine disruptors ; follicular growth ; hormonal secretions ; gene expression ; bisphenols ; plasticiser ; ewe ; tetracyclines ; sulfonamides ; quinolones ; streptomycines ; meat ; antibiotics ; risk assessment ; air pollution ; endothelium ; inflammation ; cardiovascular disease ; ALS ; Alzheimer’s ; Aβ1–42 ; α synuclein ; children ; cerebrospinal fluid ; cisternal CSF ; fronto-temporal dementia ; Metropolitan Mexico City ; nanoparticles ; olfactory bulb granule cells ; PM2.5 ; Parkinson’s ; hyperphosphorylated tau ; TDP-43 ; cadmium ; crab ; crustaceans ; heavy metal toxicity ; nutrition ; pollution ; biomagnification ; biomonitoring ; benchmark dose ; BMDL ; BMDU ; creatinine clearance ; chronic kidney disease ; eGFR ; NOAEL ; urine cadmium ; plant protection products ; residential exposure ; agriculture ; Africa ; exposure pathway ; intake dose ; temporal variations ; spatial variations ; pollutants ; women exposure ; microRNAs ; PAHs ; paint production plant ; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ; inhalation exposure ; cancer risk ; non-cancer risk ; economic loss ; subway PM exposure ; health burden ; long-term mortality ; morbidity ; 3-PBA ; pyrethroid pesticides ; pregnancy ; newborn ; anthropometry ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Special Issue is intended to lay the foundation of AI applications focusing on oral health, including general dentistry, periodontology, implantology, oral surgery, oral radiology, orthodontics, and prosthodontics, among others.
    Keywords: machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; malocclusion ; diagnostic imaging ; active learning ; maxillary sinusitis ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; segmentation ; oral microbiota ; LEfSe ; PCoA ; alloprevotella ; prevotella ; core microbiota ; artificial neural networks ; oral cancer diagnosis ; oral cancer prediction ; pit and fissure sealants ; caries assessment ; visual examination ; clinical evaluation ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; deep learning network ; YOLOv4 ; mandibular third molar ; inferior alveolar nerve ; contact relationship ; panoramic radiograph ; deep learning methods ; caries diagnosis ; dental panoramic images ; radiography ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; FTIR imaging ; spectral biomarker ; multivariate analysis ; discriminant model ; oral squamous cell carcinoma ; oral epithelial dysplasia ; oral potentially malignant disorder ; risk stratification ; early oral cancer detection ; dentigerous cysts ; histopathology images ; image classification ; odontogenic keratocysts ; radicular cysts ; AI ; screening ; diagnosis ; dentistry ; ultrasonography ; tongue ; algorithm ; dysphagia ; impacted ; tooth ; detection ; neural networks ; proximal caries ; training strategy ; small dataset ; periapical radiograph ; X-ray ; tooth extraction ; oroantral fistula ; operative planning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focuses on novel findings of diagnostic dermatopathology, such as diagnosable new morphological (histopathologic) findings, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent markers, and molecular techniques. Dermatopathology is the most sophisticated area in anatomic pathology; we can easily observe superficial skin lesions using our eyes without the need for an invasive approach and can easily compare gross configurations to microscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Meanwhile, dermatopathology has recently focused on the study of various cutaneous diseases at the molecular biology level. Many cutaneous diseases are now being well-researched, and special attention is paid to keratoacanthoma, lichen sclerosus (et atrophicus), mycosis fungoides, atopic dermatitis, epidermolysis bullosa, extramammary Paget’s disease, malignant melanoma, psoriasis, and secondary neoplasms associated with nevus sebaceous.
    Keywords: extramammary Paget’s disease ; dermcidin ; prognosis ; lymph node metastasis ; survival ; mechanical intermittent compression ; malignant melanoma ; in vitro model ; cancer progression ; mycosis fungoides ; early stage ; diagnostic algorithm ; T-cell receptor rearrangement ; tumor-specific marker ; microRNA ; keratoacanthoma ; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ; keratoacanthoma-like SCC ; keratoacanthoma with malignant transformation ; crateriform neoplasms ; crateriform verruca ; crateriform seborrheic keratosis ; crateriform Bowen disease ; crateriform SCC arising from actinic keratosis ; crater form of infundibular SCC ; psoriasis ; STAT3 ; cancer ; immunohistochemistry ; atopic dermatitis ; biologic agents ; neuroimmune interactions ; type 2 inflammation ; PSORS1C3 ; PSORS1C1/CDSN ; LOC105375015 ; rs1062470 ; rs887466 ; rs10484554 ; single-nucleotide polymorphism ; epidermolysis bullosa ; mutation ; heterogeneity ; nevus sebaceus ; malignant tumor ; basal cell carcinoma ; sebaceus carcinoma ; lichen sclerosus ; extracellular matrix protein 1 ; lipoid proteinosis ; basement membrane zone ; laminin-332 ; collagen IV ; collagen VII ; glycosaminoglycan ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozymes and other drug-related biomarkers have attracted considerable attention as targets for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing due to their impact on drug metabolism and response. This Special Issue is devoted to explore the status and initiatives taken to circumvent ineffectiveness and to improve medication safety for polypharmacy patients. Specific areas include drug–drug interactions and consequences thereof in therapeutic management, including PK- and PD-profiling; the application of PGx-based guidance and/or decision tools for drug–gene and drug–drug gene interactions; medication reviews; development and application of deprescribing tools; and drivers and barriers to overcome for successful implementation in the healthcare system.
    Keywords: acute kidney injury ; early biomarker ; plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ; soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ; medication optimization ; older patients ; emergency department ; multimorbidity ; polypharmacy ; potentially inappropriate medication use ; older adults ; prevalence ; determinants ; chronic ; outpatient ; 2019 Beers criteria ; Ethiopia ; pharmacogenomics ; persons with diabetes ; drug–drug interactions ; drug–gene interactions ; cytochrome P450 ; SLCO1B1 ; drug interaction checkers ; adverse drug reactions ; pharmacogenetics ; personalized medicine ; phenprocoumon ; DOACs ; bleeding ; thromboembolism ; HLA ; drug hypersensitivity ; abacavir ; allopurinol ; flucloxacillin ; antiepileptic drugs ; cost-effectiveness ; shared medication record ; medication reconciliation ; drug information service ; hospital pharmacy service ; electronic prescribing ; electronic medical record ; clinical pharmacist ; CYP2D6 ; CYP2D7P ; CYP2D8P ; copy number variation ; CNV ; genotyping ; 5’nuclease assay ; HRM ; high resolution melting ; drug metabolization ; extracellular vesicles ; exosomes ; microvesicles ; pharmacogene expression ; medication review ; deprescriptions ; quality of life ; aged ; 80 and over ; nursing homes ; deprescribing ; medication-based risk score ; health outcomes ; cytochromes ; CYP1A2 ; adverse drug reaction ; antipsychotics ; olanzapine ; clozapine ; loxapine ; children ; youth ; digital decision-support ; health services research ; general practice ; process evaluation ; antidepressants ; utility ; population-based ; appropriateness ; medication adherence ; digital health ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint brings together fifteen articles published in the Special Issue of the journal Atmosphere, entitled “High-Performance Computing Serving Atmospheric Transport & Dispersion Modelling”. These articles cover a wide variety of topics related to air quality in urban areas and nature-based solutions to improve it in the context of climate change; impact studies on human health and the environment of facilities and infrastructure projects as well as risk studies; the assessment of emerging threats; and preparations for and responses to emergencies involving toxic, flammable, or explosive atmospheric releases. As the fifteen articles presented here remarkably illustrate, what these contemporary topics have in common is the implementation of multi-scale simulations of atmospheric transport and dispersion by means of physical models of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), whose potential is enhanced by high-performance computing (HPC). This reprint thus addresses the answers provided by modelling and the most advanced simulations to some societal matters of major interest.
    Keywords: operational emergency modeling ; atmospheric release ; high-resolution metric grid ; 3D ; PMSS modeling system ; Code_Saturne ; EMERGENCIES project ; lattice Boltzmann method ; large eddy simulation ; pollutant dispersion ; urban physics ; urban air pollution ; nature-based solutions ; green infrastructure ; PMSS Lagrangian model ; NOx ; PM10 ; large-eddy simulation ; plume dispersion ; urban area ; coupling simulation ; mesoscale meteorological simulation model ; meteorological observation ; graphics processing unit computing ; atmospheric dispersion modelling ; microscale dispersion ; model validation ; database ; on-site meteorological observation ; water mist dispersion ; lagrangian dispersion model ; web visualization ; web mapping ; emergencies project ; atmospheric boundary layer ; OpenFOAM ; gas dispersion ; CFD ; turbulence model ; hazard assessment ; horizontal homogeneity ; wind field ; deposition ; machine learning ; hazardous release ; WRF ; FLEXPART ; prediction ; air pollution ; air quality modelling ; ADMS-Urban ; high performance computing ; HPC ; West Midlands ; air quality ; urban scale ; traffic emissions ; micro-scale dispersion models ; aerosols ; South Asia ; WRF-Chem ; precipitation ; CAPE ; CIN ; urban dispersion ; complex terrain ; fast-response dispersion modeling ; computational fluid dynamics ; RANS ; urban dispersion modelling ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes ; situational awareness ; CityGML ; air quality impact study ; PMSS model ; high resolution grid ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Mangrove communities represent a coastal habitat located in the intertidal zone or brackish water of tropical and subtropical coastal areas, between 5°N and 5°S latitudes, spanning over 118 countries. The special ecological conditions of mangroves include high salinity, nutrient limitation, tidal gradients, high temperatures, excessively high light, and muddy anaerobic or sandy soil, which lead to various morphological and physiological adaptations of inhabiting species and act as an effective selector for the metabolic pathway via the generation of unique functional metabolites with highly unique chemical scaffolds and pharmaceutical application potential. In recent decades, numerous metabolites with uncommon structures and efficacious bioactivities have been discovered in mangrove-derived microorganisms, along with mangrove plants. For this reason, mangrove ecosystems have taken the limelight as an attractive biodiversity hotspot, attracting significant attention from organic chemists and pharmacologists. Additionally, many unique and novel chemical structures with a wide range of structural classes have suggested various biosynthetic origins containing novel functional genes and corresponding enzymes with unique catalytic functions. In this Special Issue, we welcome articles describing recent studies and pertinent reviews focusing on the latest and most important developments in bioactive product discovery from mangrove ecosystems and correlating structures with chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, genomic and metabolomics approaches, biological activities, and pharmaceutical mechanisms. We are now in the process of putting together a group of top researchers whose work we would like to feature in this collection, and we would like you to participate.
    Keywords: mangrove ecosystems ; bio-active products ; signaling pathway ; chemical synthesis and biosynthesis ; genomic and metabolomics approaches ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: This Special Issue in Cancers is focused on cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, and other immunotherapies against cancer. It includes reports on cell therapies such as CAR-NK cell therapies, and bispecific antibodies against multiple myeloma and B cell lymphoma. Immunotherapies against solid tumors include TGF-beta-PDL-1 fusion protein and EpCAM-CD3 bispecific antibody generated with mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNP) against colorectal tumors. The clinical studies ongoing with bi- and tri-specific T cell engager antibodies against solid tumors and advantages versus cell therapies are discussed. This Special Issue highlights novel approaches to cell therapies, bispecific antibodies, vaccines, and immunotherapies that will be interesting for cancer cell researchers, biologists, and oncologists.
    Keywords: cell therapy ; bispecific antibody ; chimeric antigen receptor ; cancer ; immunotherapy ; vaccine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    Radboud University Press
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: In his professional journey, travelling through an upcoming field of surgery with apparently unlimited possibilities, Kees van Laarhoven witnessed major milestones and breakthroughs. Already as a medical student, he was amazed by surgical courage. During residency, he experienced hard work, diligence and perseverance of surgical professionals. Today as a surgeon with over 25 years of clinical experience he now looks at pieces of art in surgery with professionals compassionately bringing hope to patients.But he also sees inconvenient truths in our healthcare system, with patients evolving from one predictable and preventable disease to the next and with professionals following disease trends rather than applying their knowledge to redirect disease into health. The modern disease-oriented care system becomes undesirable and unsustainable. And there are more inconvenient truths that have progressed rather than diminished in time. Healthcare is not easily accessible to the major half of the global population and for those who have access, with a growing global population, healthcare may become unaffordable in the future. Moreover, from an environmental perspective, both human and planetary health are compromised and ask for a ‘One Health’ approach. Being fascinated by the questions of how and why did this all happen, Kees van Laarhoven took up a scientific survey to comprehend and learn how things still can be changed. He found that clear solutions are there! Please join him on his journey.
    Keywords: Global population overgrowth; Economic drivers of disease; Environmental drivers of disease; Prevention and integrative health; One health; Human and planetary health ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCQ Health economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems & services ; bic Book Industry Communication::V Health & personal development ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue “The Role of Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health: Experimental, Clinical, and Community-Based Evidence” is to publish a focused, coherent, impactful, and well-cited volume on how nutrition influences diverse cardiometabolic risk factors. Cardiometabolic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, is the leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, dietary habits have shifted all over the globe. At the same time, a constantly growing body of evidence demonstrates the role of caloric intake and dietary composition as determinants of cardiometabolic health. Suboptimal diet predisposes to a myriad of cardiometabolic risk factors such as impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemias, and high blood pressure.
    Keywords: vitamin D ; obesity ; microvascular ; bariatric surgery ; weight loss ; nitric oxide ; cardiac remodeling ; cardiac dysfunction ; echocardiogram ; obese rats ; high-fat high-sugar diet ; vascular stiffness ; blood pressure ; whey protein isolate ; older adults ; dietary factor ; cardiovascular disease ; umbrella review ; low-carbohydrate diet ; hypocaloric ; isocaloric ; women health ; conduit artery ; microvasculature ; cardiovascular risks ; primary prevention ; homocysteine ; folate ; vitamin B12 ; vascular dysfunction ; hepatocyte ; TGR5 ; glucose regulation ; homocysteine and vascular disease ; H3K27me3 ; epigenetics ; atherosclerosis ; MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ; liver ; metabolic regulation ; laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ; micronutrients ; deficiency ; body mass index ; cardiotonic steroids ; left ventricular mass ; marinobufagenin ; dietary salt intake ; young adults ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: In this Special Issue, we have compiled data and opinions from leading scientists to demonstrate the recent advances in the study of function and dysfunction of synucleins. These proteins are involved in multiple normal and pathological molecular processes and consequently have various effects on cell biology of the nervous system. Three members of the synuclein family share many structural properties and have an overlapping pattern of expression and intracellular distribution in the developing and adult nervous system, which point to functional redundancy within the family. However, each synuclein has its own functions which are not shared with the two other family members, and there are certain cellular mechanisms and pathways in which these functions could be antagonistic rather than synergistic.
    Keywords: prenatal alcohol exposure ; synucleins ; alcohol consumption ; free-choice ; hippocampus ; midbrain ; mRNA expression ; α-synuclein ; rats ; dopaminergic neuron ; MPTP ; knockout mice ; Parkinson’s disease ; alpha-synuclein ; SH-SY5Y ; hiPSCs ; organoid ; aggregation ; synucleinopathy ; blood–brain barrier ; microglia ; astrocytes ; overexpression ; mutation ; Lewy body ; synucleinopathies ; multiple system atrophy ; dementia with Lewy bodies ; deep brain stimulation ; focused ultrasound ; gene therapy ; surgical techniques ; dopamine ; electroencephalogram ; frequency spectrum ; α-, β- and γ-synuclein ; epigenetic ; protein aggregation ; SNARE-complex ; protein trafficking ; phytochemicals ; methylation ; histones ; γ-synuclein ; autoantibodies ; glaucoma ; α2-macroglobulin ; tear fluid ; intraocular pressure ; SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD domain ; amyloid aggregation ; post-COVID-19 neurodegeneration ; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ; depression ; serotonin ; raphe nuclei ; Lewy bodies diseases ; E46K-SNCA ; cognition ; nonmotor ; clustering analysis ; multimodal MRI ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This reprint brings together a group of articles that were published as a Special Issue on prosthetic joint infection in the journal Antibiotics. They cover various aspects of risk factors and prevention, medical and surgical treatment, and outcomes of prosthetic joint infections.
    Keywords: prosthetic joint infection ; arthroplasty infection ; prosthetic joint infection functional outcome ; prosthetic joint infection ambulatory outcome ; tedizolid ; prosthetic joint infections ; prolonged oral treatment ; tolerance ; compliance ; surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis ; knee arthroplasty ; hip arthroplasty ; surgical site infection prevention ; prosthetic joint infection prevention ; intraoperative cultures ; antibiotic levels ; serum bactericidal titer ; oxazolidinones ; osteoarticular infections ; diabetic foot infections ; drug-drug interaction ; Staphylococcus aureus ; implant removal ; outcome ; rifampin ; biofilm ; knee ; total knee arthroplasty ; infection ; intra-articular injection ; surgical site infection ; epidemiology ; risk factors ; multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria ; extensively drug-resistant ; hematoma ; hip hemiarthroplasty ; proximal femur fracture ; antibiotic prophylaxis ; periprosthetic joint infection ; decolonization ; daptomycin ; eosinophilic pneumonia ; Candida spp. ; fungus ; antifungal-loaded cement spacer ; two-stage exchange surgery ; Cutibacterium acnes ; surgical and medical treatment ; dalbavancin ; gram-positive ; sol-gel ; anidulafungin ; Candida albicans ; suppressive antibiotic treatment ; prolonged antibiotic ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The evaluation of vascular stiffness is becoming increasingly important in cardiovascular research to determine the properties of the arterial tree and clinically assesspatients. Current research addresses and debates some unresolved technical and methodological issues with measuring arterial stiffness, with the purpose of making it more reliable and clinically suitable. This Special Issue focuses on new methodological advances in vascular stiffness, as well as preclinical and clinical applications. A privileged space is reserved for new data and targeted reviews of the application of arterial stiffness and early vascular ageing measures regarding problems such as the stratification of risk of special populations and specific diseases.
    Keywords: arterial stiffness ; Arteriograph ; obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ; continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ; metabolic syndrome (MS) ; adherence ; abdominal aortic aneurysm ; diabetes mellitus type 2 ; inflammatory marker ; vascular stiffness ; cardiovascular death ; degenerative aortic stenosis ; heat failure episodes ; pulsatile index ; resistive index ; aortic valve replacement ; transcatheter aortic valve implantation ; energy drinks ; pediatrics ; prevention ; aorta ; arterial distensibility ; augmentation index ; blood pressure amplification ; cardiovascular prevention ; elastic modulus ; pulse wave analysis ; pulse wave velocity ; prediabetes ; 11-dh-thromboxane ; cardiovascular risk ; IMT ; familial hypercholesterolemia ; selective LDL apheresis ; PCSK9 inhibitor monoclonal antibody ; thyroid ; parathyroid ; cardiovascular disease ; carotid distensibility ; carotid strain ; Young’s elastic modulus ; carotid compliance ; systemic sclerosis ; scleroderma ; vascular ageing ; central hemodynamics ; gut microbiota ; gut microbiome ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; altitude ; altitude sickness ; aortic stiffness ; aortic distensibility ; atrial natriuretic factor ; blood pressure ; vascular age ; risk factors ; carotid distension ; primary prevention ; CAVI ; CAVI0 ; PWV ; comorbidity ; aging ; echo-tracking ; vascular ultrasound ; arterial properties ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJD Cardiovascular medicine
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The active molecules or bioactives (i.e., polysaccharides, fatty acids, proteins, polyphenols, diterpenes, steroids and alkaloids) from algae (seaweed and microalgae) have been widely studied in recent years for multiple pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Innovative and emerging technologies, including but not limited to ultrasounds, microwaves, electric fields, high-pressure supercritical fluids, ionic fluids and plasma, are currently being explored throughout multiple stages of the pre-treatment, extraction, isolation/purification and preservation of biomolecules from algae. This Special Issue will target research papers, reviews, short communications and perspectives on the use of novel technologies for the pre-treatment, extraction, isolation‒purification, characterization and preservation of marine compounds from algae. It will particularly focus on novel research related to algal bioactives with clear and demonstrated industrial applications and focuses.
    Keywords: seaweed ; innovative technology ; extraction ; polyphenol ; nutraceuticals ; Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides ; high-fat diet ; cecal microbiota ; fecal microbiota ; 16S rRNA gene sequencing ; fucosterol ; algae ; toxicity ; in vivo ; in vitro ; adaptive laboratory evolution ; microalgal production ; environmental tolerance ; ceramides ; MCF-7 ; Ehrlich ascites carcinoma ; VEGF-B ; TNF-α ; midkine ; apoptosis ; p53 ; LC-ESI-HRMS ; Hypnea musciformis ; Cystoseira compressa ; microwave-assisted extraction ; green extraction ; biological activity ; seasonal variations ; fatty acids ; marine biome ; marine bioactive peptides ; natural resources ; bioactivities ; pharmacology ; biomedical ; therapeutic attributes ; in silico ; biotechnology ; cryptides ; anti-hypertensive ; antioxidant ; anti-cancer ; biopharmaceuticals ; recombinant proteins ; transient expression ; viral vectors ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: Europe’s zero-pollution agenda should depart from an understanding of how the European citizens’ bodies are polluted by synthetic chemicals and prioritize the reduction of the chemical body burden and associated health impacts. In this context, Human Biomonitoring (HBM) is an important and valuable tool for assessing the internal exposure of humans resulting from aggregated exposure to chemicals. Though many obstacles still hinder the use of HBM data, the growing availability of HBM data offers an opportunity for improving and refining Human Risk Assessment. This Special Issue intends to illustrate, using case studies, how HBM data could be used to better estimate internal exposure and resulting risks. Case studies on exposure from consumer products (cosmetic products, non-food products, etc.) or exposures via food or water in the general population or among workers contributed to better identifying the obstacles hindering a broader use of HBM data in RA. A better understanding of population exposure and the exposure of vulnerable groups against health-based human biomonitoring guidance values also provides the basis for effective risk management to reduce impacts on health. I would like to thank all the authors for submitting their original contributions to this Special Issue. We greatly appreciate the support of all the reviewers who spent time evaluating and improving the quality of the manuscripts. I would also like to thank the editors of Toxics for their kind invitation and Selena Li of the Toxics Editorial Office for her invaluable support.
    Keywords: biomonitoring ; nanoparticles ; lung diseases ; mineralogical analysis of broncho-alveolar lavages ; occupational exposure ; human biomonitoring ; UV filters ; benzophenone-3 ; HBM4EU ; risk assessment ; RCR ; margin of safety ; oxidative stress ; MDA ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; urinary biomarker ; reference range ; general population ; pesticides ; exposure ; operators ; workers ; residents ; bystanders ; tree-grown produce ; fruits ; vine ; systemic exposure ; paints production ; TiO2 powders ; biological monitoring ; exhaled breath condensate ; occupational health ; ortho-toluidine ; urinary mass-balance ; PBPK modelling ; human biomonitoring (HBM) ; internal exposure ; biomarkers ; endocrine disruptors ; bisphenol A (BPA) ; bisphenol S (BPS) ; bisphenols ; human biomonitoring guidance value (HBM-GV) ; physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) ; organophosphorus flame retardants ; dietary exposure ; children ; malondialdehyde ; reference values ; benzene ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; Rome ; elements ; urban traffic ; metabolomics ; dimethylformamide ; DMF ; HBM-GV ; guidance value ; biomarker ; toxicokinetics ; health effects ; liver ; carcinogenicity ; reprotoxic effects ; chlorpyrifos ; pesticide exposure ; pesticide risk assessment ; mercury ; methylmercury ; European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) ; co-exposure ; workplace ; mixture risk assessment (MRA) ; adipose tissue ; meta-regression ; partition coefficients ; persistent organic pollutants ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Arthritis has a high prevalence globally and includes over 100 types; the most common types are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. All types of arthritis share common features, including monocyte infiltration, inflammation, synovial swelling, pannus formation, stiffness in the joints, and articular cartilage destruction. The exact etiology of arthritis remains unclear, and no cure exists as of yet. Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs and corticosteroids) are commonly used for the treatment of arthritis. However, these drugs are associated with significant side effects, such as gastric bleeding and an increased risk of a heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. Therefore, it is crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of arthritis and novel modes of therapy. This reprint summarizes and discusses the themes of 19 articles published in our Special Issue “Research of Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutics in Arthritis 3.0”. The reprint details important novel research discoveries that contribute to our current understanding of arthritis.
    Keywords: Arthritis ; Treatment ; Molecular mechanisms ; Inflammatory cytokines ; Prevention ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In order to be able to analyze and give proper advice on sport techniques, it is important to understand the biomechanical and physiological demands of different sports. In a coaching situation, feedback to the athlete should be given without too much delay. Over the past decades, sensor technology-related to sports monitoring has developed with huge steps. Senors are lighter, data transmission is mostly wireless, and software applications are more user-friendly. This reprint is addressed to all kinds of sensors that are currently being used for monitoring different sports.
    Keywords: bending sensors ; flexion ; PyzoFlex ; ski bending ; ski deflection ; micro-sensor technology ; GNSS ; IMU ; disability ; heterogenous group ; cross-country skiing race ; performance analysis ; sub-technique classification ; time factor ; kayaking ; biomechanics ; canoe polo ; inertial measurement unit ; kinetics ; lower limbs ; load cells ; foot strap ; foot rest ; force measurements ; wearable sensors ; inline figure skating ; sports biomechanics ; human movement analysis ; propulsive force ; V2-skating skiing technique ; double-poling skiing technique ; global positioning system ; tracking system ; quantification ; substitutes ; high-intensity ; compensatory training ; monitoring system ; alpine skiing ; micro-electro-mechanical system sensors ; sport engineering ; training ; neural network ; motion sensor ; dance analysis ; data visualization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The discovery of new drugs is one of pharmaceutical research's most exciting and challenging tasks. Unfortunately, the conventional drug discovery procedure is chronophagous and seldom successful; furthermore, new drugs are needed to address our clinical challenges (e.g., new antibiotics, new anticancer drugs, new antivirals).Within this framework, drug repositioning—finding new pharmacodynamic properties for already approved drugs—becomes a worthy drug discovery strategy.Recent drug discovery techniques combine traditional tools with in silico strategies to identify previously unaccounted properties for drugs already in use. Indeed, big data exploration techniques capitalize on the ever-growing knowledge of drugs' structural and physicochemical properties, drug–target and drug–drug interactions, advances in human biochemistry, and the latest molecular and cellular biology discoveries.Following this new and exciting trend, this book is a collection of papers introducing innovative computational methods to identify potential candidates for drug repositioning. Thus, the papers in the Special Issue In Silico Strategies for Prospective Drug Repositionings introduce a wide array of in silico strategies such as complex network analysis, big data, machine learning, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and QSAR; these strategies target diverse diseases and medical conditions: COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, non-small lung cancer, multiple sclerosis, toxoplasmosis, psychiatric disorders, or skin conditions.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; drug repurposing ; topological data analysis ; persistent Betti function ; SARS-CoV-2 ; network-based pharmacology ; combination therapy ; nucleoside GS-441524 ; fluoxetine ; synergy ; antidepressant ; natural compounds ; QSAR ; molecular docking ; drug repositioning ; UK Biobank ; vaccine ; LC-2/ad cell line ; drug discovery ; docking ; MM-GBSA calculation ; molecular dynamics ; cytotoxicity assay ; GWAS ; multiple sclerosis ; oxidative stress ; repurposing ; ADME-Tox ; bioinformatics ; complex network analysis ; modularity clustering ; ATC code ; hidradenitis suppurativa ; acne inversa ; transcriptome ; proteome ; comorbid disorder ; biomarker ; signaling pathway ; druggable gene ; drug-repositioning ; MEK inhibitor ; MM/GBSA ; Glide docking ; MD simulation ; MM/PBSA ; single-cell RNA sequencing ; pulmonary fibrosis ; biological networks ; p38α MAPK ; allosteric inhibitors ; in silico screening ; computer-aided drug discovery ; network analysis ; psychiatric disorders ; medications ; psychiatry ; mental disorders ; toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasma gondii ; in vitro screening ; drug targets ; drug-disease interaction ; target-disease interaction ; DPP4 inhibitors ; lipid rafts ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans and seas, which are massively complex and consist of diverse assemblages of life forms. Marine bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms develop unique metabolic and physiological capabilities that enable them to survive in extreme habitats and to produce compounds that might not be produced by their terrestrial counterparts. In the last few decades, the systematic investigations of marine/marine-derived microorganisms as sources of novel biologically active agents has exponentially increased. This Special Issue will focus on aspects relating to new bioactive metabolites from marine microorganisms including the isolation, taxonomy, and/or dereplication of microorganisms and the corresponding isolation, structure elucidation, biosynthesis, and/or biological activities of the new compounds. Comprehensive topical review articles relating to marine metabolites will also be considered.
    Keywords: co-culture ; marine microbes ; natural products ; structural diversity ; biological activities ; food allergy ; deep-sea-derived viridicatol ; X-ray single crystal ; intestinal barrier ; mast cell ; calcium influx ; Chlorella ; enzymes ; lipases ; molecular modeling ; sulfated polysaccharides ; antiviral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; docking ; molecular dynamic simulations ; sea cucumber ; bioactivity ; diversity ; microorganism ; polyketides ; alkaloids ; marine-derived fungus ; Penicillium sp. ; indole-diterpenoids ; cytotoxicity ; antibacterial activity ; Leizhou Peninsula ; mangrove soil ; actinomycetia ; antimicrobial activity ; secondary metabolites ; dereplication ; metabolomics tools ; trioxacarcins ; mansouramycins ; isoquinolinequinones ; marine-derived Streptomyces sp. ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, diagnosed after the 20th week of gestation in women experiencing new-onset hypertension along with symptoms affecting the liver, kidneys, or brain. In some cases, women with preeclampsia develop novel seizures or unexplained coma, at which time they are diagnosed with eclampsia. The mechanisms contributing to preeclampsia and eclampsia are not fully elucidated, although the placenta seems to play a critical role. Previous studies suggest that improper placentation stimulates mitochondrial dysfunction and the exaggerated release of placental-derived molecules including inflammatory cytokines, anti-angiogenic factors, reactive oxygen species, and cell-free nucleic acids into the maternal circulation that cause systemic vascular dysfunction. These, along with maternally derived molecules, act in concert, leading to hypertension and target organ damage during pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and eclampsia.In this reprint, we present the original research articles and review papers published as part of the Special Issue: "The Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia" in Cells.
    Keywords: pre-eclampsia ; eclampsia ; pulmonary oedema ; biobank ; database ; placental ischemia ; seizure ; ASIC2a ; pregnancy ; RUPP ; pentylenetetrazol ; melatonin ; extracellular vesicle ; exosome ; preeclampsia ; misfold proteins ; endothelial cell activation ; p21Cip1/CDKN1A ; trophoblasts ; hypoxia ; trophoblast organoids ; fusion ; angiotensin II ; AGTR1 (angiotensin II receptor type 1) ; bradykinin ; BDKRB2 (bradykinin receptor B2) ; AT1R-B2R heteromer (protein complex formed of AT1R-B2R) ; G-protein-coupled receptor ; protein aggregation ; ARRB (beta-arrestin) ; early-onset preeclampsia ; hemorheology ; red blood cell aggregation ; red blood cell deformability ; erythrocyte ; hypertension ; IL-2 ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; sFlt-1 ; NLRP3 ; nitric oxide ; endothelial dysfunction ; neuroinflammation ; blood–brain barrier ; cerebral edema ; gestation ; vessel ; blood pressure ; placenta ; trophoblast ; fetal growth restriction ; maternal chronic venous disease (CVeD) ; anti-inflammation ; antioxidant ; ischaemia ; vitamin E ; glucose transporter 9 ; GLUT9 ; uric acid ; cardiac dysfunction ; placental factors ; activin A ; G-protein-coupled receptors ; GPCR ; weighted gene correlation network analysis ; WGCNA ; blood-brain barrier ; in vitro studies ; cerebral biomarkers ; NfL ; tau ; NSE ; S100B ; nebivolol ; adrenoceptor ; obesity ; biomarkers ; adipokines ; adiponectin ; leptin ; ROS ; angiogenic factors ; hypoxia/reoxygenation ; sFlT-1/PlGF ratio ; primary trophoblast ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The human body poses various biological barriers to protect itself from pathogens, foreign materials and is important for its functioning and development. This reprint serves as a collection of research and review articles describing novel approaches and new therapeutic modalities to overcome biological barriers. This collection is a must read for scientists working in the field of drug and vaccine delivery.
    Keywords: blood-brain barrier ; integrity marker ; sorbitol ; positron emission tomography ; focused ultrasound ; zolmitriptan ; intranasal ; bilosomes ; sodium deoxycholate ; mucoadhesive gel ; brain targeting ; blood–brain barrier ; drug formulation ; drug hybrids ; intra-arterial delivery ; intracranial malignancies ; intranasal delivery ; monoterpene ; monoterpenoid ; NEO100 ; carbomer hydrogel ; whitening agents ; enhancers ; enhancement site and mechanism ; drug release and permeation ; inhaled drug delivery ; prodrug ; liposome formulation ; propofol ; micelle ; DSPE mPEG2k ; Solutol HS 15 ; diclofenac ; optimization ; pharmacokinetic ; pharmacodynamic study ; long acting ; sustained delivery ; biologics ; silica microparticles ; exosome ; brain delivery ; BBB crossing ; transcytosis ; peptide-drug conjugates ; blood–placental barrier ; Zika virus ; BBB shuttles ; porphyrins ; antivirals ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; non-small cell lung cancer ; Lamin B2 ; AMPK ; Osimertinib ; RNA seq ; proteomics ; RT-PCR ; blood–brain tumor barrier ; permeabilization ; brain tumors ; primary central nervous system lymphoma ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; targeted delivery ; vascular targeting ; CD13 ; TNF ; TNF receptors ; NGR-TNF ; polyamidoamine dendrimers ; diabetic retinopathy ; protein kinase C-β inhibitor ; nanoparticles ; ruboxistaurin ; blood brain barrier ; electropermanent magnet ; magnetic resonance imaging ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2023-12-06
    Description: There is, on the one hand, life that flows from a beginning to an end, and, on the other hand, life that constitutes human singularity because it can be recounted. We may term them “biological life” and “biographical life”. Life expectancy measures the length of the former; a life story relates the richness of the latter. Only by acknowledging both can the inequality of lives be comprehended. They should be conceived of as being both distinct and connected: distinct, because the paradox of French women shows that a long life is no guarantee of a good life; connected, because the experience of African-American men stands as a reminder that a devalued life is a damaged life. This also raises the question of refugees and migrants.
    Keywords: society ; health ; public health ; sociology ; social science ; anthropology ; inequality ; life ; social inequality ; life expectancy ; lives ; inequity ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFH Illness & addiction: social aspects ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFJ Social discrimination & inequality ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: Based on this evidence, a deep understanding of the immunological status and biological targets modulating immunological microenvironments should be quite informative for the development of future immunotherapy in HCC. From this point of view, this Special Issue will highlight the current state of the art in the immunotherapy of HCC from both the basic and clinical perspectives, and outline future perspectives for improving therapies.
    Keywords: cancer immunotherapy ; TCGA ; mutations ; copy number variations ; microRNAs ; PD-1 ; PD-L1 ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; predictive factors ; immunotherapy ; immune checkpoint inhibition ; check-point inhibitors ; liver disease ; outcome ; biomarkers ; combination immunotherapy ; immune-related adverse events (irAEs) ; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ; alpha fetoprotein response ; immune checkpoint inhibitor ; unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma ; a disintegrin and metalloprotease 9 ; nivolumab ; natural killer ; CTLA-4 ; combination therapy ; PD-1 antibody ; PD-L1 antibody ; anti-VEGF inhibitor ; molecular classification ; immune phenotype ; stem cell marker ; oncogenic signal ; β-catenin ; genetic alteration ; liver cancer ; effectiveness ; safety ; HCC ; molecular-targeted agent ; TACE ; tyrosine kinase inhibitor ; CD14+ cells ; programmed death 1 ligands ; translational approaches ; combination therapies ; therapy resistance ; predictive markers ; tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells ; immune checkpoint blockade ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use/land cover (LULC), natural hazards and their interactions, changes, and impacts. Over the past few decades, the risks due to natural hazards have increased significantly, to a large extent due to changes in LULC, which are triggered mainly by anthropic pressure on landscapes, i.e., urbanization, forest management practices, agricultural practices, and the like. As a result, LULC changes contribute significantly to changes in the variability or magnitude of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and erosion. Therefore, this reprint provides a collection of studies focused on the interactions between LULC and different types of natural hazards, which were studied in several research areas around the world.
    Keywords: flash floods ; intense rainfall ; urbanized areas ; damage ; anthropic impacts ; West Mediterranean ; Italy ; land use change ; surface runoff ; urban development ; green infrastructure ; Xiamen ; land use/land cover legacy ; airborne LiDAR-based HRDTM ; generalized additive model ; landslide susceptibility modeling ; historical landslide inventory bias ; biomass extraction ; farmers’ perception ; NDVI ; climate change ; remote sensing ; GIS ; NDBI ; flood risk ; land use ; settlement development ; agricultural land use ; flood-prone areas ; Alpine regions ; landslide modelling ; shallow landslides ; soil cohesion ; soil tillage ; river meandering ; river morphology ; centerline migration ; satellite images ; loess ; filled slope ; physical model test ; interface effect ; stability ; river morphodynamics ; Landsat data ; planform changes ; forest fire ; fire danger rating systems ; environmental fire danger ; fire indices ; drought indices ; remote sensing fire indices ; fire ignition probability ; climate change extremes ; land cover ; QGIS ; MOLUSCE ; Great Yellow River Region ; mountain hazards ; land take ; landslide hazard ; land cover change ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Musculoskeletal research deals with the effects of the orthopedic treatment of pathologies on the biomechanics of the affected areas and on the musculoskeletal system. Biomechanical measurement methods enable the quantitative determination of these influences and allow for an assessment of their extent and size for the patient (in vivo). The range of examination methods is particularly wide in this field of musculoskeletal research. On the one hand, in vitro examinations under laboratory conditions on simplified models, such as artificial bones or specimens from donors, will be implemented. With the help of these models, for example, new biomaterials or implants for the treatment of fractures are often examined for their primary stability or the influence of a joint replacement on the kinematics. In contrast to experimental in vitro studies, numerical methods will be increasingly applied to analyze a large number of implant configurations and loading scenarios. With the method of clinical motion analysis, a comprehensive view of the musculoskeletal system is performed directly in vivo on the patient. For example, it allows for the monitoring and control of therapeutic interventions. These are just a few examples from the field of musculoskeletal research and its methods. They all have the common goal of increasing patient safety. This Special Issue intends to provide the reader with an exciting overview of current research in the field of biomechanical investigations for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases.
    Keywords: motion analysis ; kinematics, repeatability ; lower extremity ; optical infrared camera motion capturing system ; proximal femoral varization osteotomy ; blade plate ; screw side plate ; cervical spine surgery ; allograft spacer ; subsidence ; finite element model ; knee osteoarthrosis ; surgery ; posturography ; postural subsystems ; pain ; quality of life ; glycogenosis type II ; acid maltase deficiency ; enzyme replacement therapy ; balance ; lateral mass ; pedicle screws ; leg alignment ; unilateral hip osteoarthritis ; gait analysis ; joint loading ; external joint moments ; reliability ; model-based RSA ; elementary geometrical shape models ; accuracy ; hip arthroplasty ; migration ; gonarthritis ; meniscus ; articular cartilage ; biomechanical testing ; mapping ; indentation ; instantaneous modulus ; tissue biomechanics ; partial threading ; fatigue life ; biomechanical analysis ; spinal fixation ; knee joint kinematics ; wear bearing ; rolling-sliding mechanism ; test bench ; cement-in-cement ; revision ; aging cement ; joint arthroplasty ; cement ; bending strength ; joint replacement ; hip joint ; range of motion ; impingement ; TKA ; wear simulator ; ISO standard ; FEM ; finite element ; supracondylar humeral fracture ; biomechanical study ; sagittal pinning ; Kirschner wires ; digital templating ; short-stem ; lateral view ; femoral torsion ; hip deformity ; femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) ; heel strike ; toe off ; carbon dioxide lavage ; pulsatile lavage ; bone preparation ; total knee arthroplasty ; total hip arthroplasty ; polyethylene wear ; roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis ; precision ; pelvic orientation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: COVID-19 is the most prominent and rapidly evolving public health concern in the world currently. The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with the occurrence of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 has also been causing pancreatic and hepatic injury. Emerging data have shown that COVID-19 patients continue to shed the virus into their stools, even when patients test negative for COVID-19 in pulmonary secretions. However, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-related gastrointestinal manifestations are poorly understood. The pandemic has also had a significant impact on gastroenterologists, endoscopists, and other ancillary staff. Moreover, in the past, systematic respiratory virus syndrome (SARS) was shown to be transmitted by endoscopes, which is a big concern with COVID-19, as it shares many pathological features with SARS. The deferral of elective endoscopic procedures has negatively affected gastroenterologists. This Special Issue focuses on the current situation of this pandemic. It aims to provide insight into the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 and its effects on endoscopic procedures. I believe that this issue will be beneficial not only for gastroenterologists but also other healthcare workers around the world to recognize the often-ignored clinical gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; liver ; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ; transient elastography ; mortality ; liver disease ; clinical manifestations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; gastroenterology ; hepatology ; endoscopy ; delivery of healthcare ; acute mesenteric ischemia ; thromboemboembolism ; endothelitis ; cytokines ; hypercoagulability ; inflammatory bowel disease ; gastrointestinal manifestations ; abdominal pain ; dyspnea ; clinical course ; upper gastrointestinal bleeding ; pandemic ; outcomes ; anxiety ; depression ; medication adherence ; severity of COVID-19 ; hospitalized patients ; risk factors ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; gut dysbiosis ; microbiota ; gastrointestinal disorders ; intestinal inflammation ; ACE2 dysregulation ; gut microbiota ; enteric infection ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The Special Issue titled “Recent Advances in Long-Acting Drug Delivery and Formulations” encompasses versatile and innovative research domains of oral, ocular, brain, and topical delivery systems and chemical approaches (e.g., prodrugs), highlighting the progress made in identifying excipients (e.g., basic amino acids to ameliorate gastric side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)), polymers, and molecular targets to achieve more effective sustained release systems and safer medicine. In this Special Issue, 78 authors have contributed, with eleven original research articles spanning five continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, and Australasia) providing important insights into the pharmaceutical sciences.
    Keywords: drug delivery ; nanotechnology ; alzheimer’s disease ; Amyloid-β ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; SHSY5Y cells ; altretamine ; cancer therapy ; sustained delivery ; hydroxyapatite nanoparticles ; chemical precipitation method ; polymeric film ; diabetes mellitus ; skin regeneration ; wound healing ; sodium alginate ; sodium carboxy methyl cellulose ; microwave ; cross-linking ; ketoprofen ; L-arginine ; L-lysine ; tris ; basic amino acids ; writhing ; gastric ulcer ; chitosan ; 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid ; hydrogels ; rheology ; alginate ; BSA ; Maillard reaction ; age-related-macular degeneration ; drug release ; fenofibrate ; retinal cells ; HIV ; long-acting subcutaneous injection ; raltegravir ; cyclisation-activated prodrugs ; β-blockers ; NSAIDs ; corticosteroids ; ocular delivery ; drug permeability ; QSPR ; MLR ; Alzheimer’s disease ; GSK-3β-Wnt/β-catenin ; PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 ; oxidative stress ; cocoa ; vinpocetine ; diabetes ; salbutamol ; skeletal muscle atrophy ; sarcosine ; metabolomics ; factorial design ; controlled release ; topical delivery ; texture analysis ; bioadhesion ; intermolecular interactions ; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ; polyvinylpyrrolidone ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Many cancer diagnosis and treatment modalities have been developed over time, among which radioisotopes have been widely used. Recently, with the application of magnetic nanoparticles, a wide range of non-invasive diagnosis and treatment methods using magnetic techniques have attracted attention. This Special Issue introduces a lymph node biopsy method with a magnetic probe for the treatment of cancer, rapid immunostaining using magnetic nanoparticles in pathological diagnosis, cancer imaging with MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)/MPI (magnetic particle imaging), magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment, and the development of magnetic nanoparticles.
    Keywords: nonpalpable breast lesion ; breast cancer ; magnetic maker ; magnetic probe ; surgery ; nanomedicine ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) ; adoptive T cell transfer ; immune therapy ; targeted transport ; solid tumor ; magnetic targeting ; sentinel lymph node biopsy ; superparamagnetic iron oxide ; magnetic tracer ; sentinel lymph node ; magnetism ; cancer ; tumor ; in vitro ; metastatic cascade ; review ; hyperthermia ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetic nanoparticle-induced biological effects ; clinical trial ; new therapies ; sentinel lymph node dissection ; super paramagnetic iron-oxide particles ; rat model ; magnetic technique ; superparamagnetic nanoparticles ; cancer cell photothermal therapy ; surface charge targeting ; folic acid targeting ; vitamin E TPGS modification ; magnetic particle imaging ; magnetic drug delivery ; prostate cancer ; lymphadenectomy ; metastases ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ; radioisotopes ; in situ diagnosis ; rapid detection ; extracellular vesical quantification ; presurgical screening ; pathological diagnosis ; sentinel node mapping ; neoadjuvant chemotherapy ; SPIO ; radioisotope ; oral cancer ; superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) ; tracer distribution ; MRI ; lymphography ; histopathology ; grading system ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on new trials related to cataract surgery, intraocular lens power calculations for cataracts after refractive surgery, problems related to high myopia, toric IOL power calculations, etc. Intraoperative use of the 3D Viewing System and OCT, studies on the spectacle dependence of EDOF, IOL fixation status and visual function, and dry eye after FLAC are also discussed. Proteomic analysis of aqueous humor proteins is also discussed.
    Keywords: aqueous humor ; label free ; cataract ; risk factor ; proteomics ; alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein ; fetuin-A ; IOL power calculation after LASIK ; no-history method ; cataract surgery ; anterior–posterior ratio of the corneal radius of the curvature ; axial length ; conditional process analysis ; effective lens position ; intraocular lens power calculation ; tilted microscope positions ; 3D viewing system ; patients unable to lie flat ; n/a ; toric intraocular lens ; cataract surgery workflow ; efficiency ; refractive surgery ; refractive lens exchange ; clear lens exchange ; visual quality ; contrast sensitivity ; scleral fixation ; intraocular lens ; anterior segment OCT ; intraoperative OCT ; surgical technique ; SMILE ; IOL calculation ; ray tracing ; artificial intelligence ; EDOF ; presbyopia ; multifocal lens ; photic phenomena ; IOL accuracy ; high myope ; high axial length ; Caucasian ; Kane ; Barrett ; EVO ; Hill-RBF ; Holladay 1 ; SRK/T ; dry eye ; femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) ; phacoemulsification ; cornea ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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    UNICApress | UNICApress
    Publication Date: 2023-03-30
    Description: Over the past three decades, there has been a growing interest in the link between severe visual disorders (low vision and blindness) and the presence of autism spectrum disorders. Starting from an approach that focuses on the centrality of the person and adopts a biopsychosocial perspective, the text aims to investigate this comorbidity, proposing research questions, theoretical reflections, and intervention insights. In particular, the text focuses on the following themes: the importance of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools and pathways for the early detection of visual impairment from the earliest stages of development in people with autism spectrum disorders; the importance of specific intervention approaches that take into account the distinctiveness related to this comorbidity and allow supporting and promoting the developmental potential of people with this comorbidity; and the importance of informing and training, through a collaborative and person-centered approach, family members, caregivers, teachers, educators, pedagogues and other professionals in the field of inclusion.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nel corso degli ultimi trent’anni si è assistito ad un crescente interesse nei confronti del legame tra i disturbi visivi gravi (ipovisione e cecità) e la presenza di disturbi dello spettro autistico. Partendo da un approccio che si focalizza sulla centralità della persona ed adotta un’ottica biopsicosociale, il testo intende indagare questa comorbidità, proponendo quesiti di ricerca, riflessioni di natura teorica e spunti di intervento. In particolare il testo si focalizza sui seguenti temi: l’importanza di strumenti e percorsi diagnostici sensibili e specifici per la rilevazione precoce dei disturbi visivi sin dalle prime fasi dello sviluppo in persone con disturbi dello spettro autistico, l’importanza di approcci di intervento specifici che tengano conto della peculiarità legate a questa comorbidità e consentano di sostenere e promuovere il potenziale di sviluppo delle persone che presentano questa comorbidità, l’importanza di informare e formare, araverso un approccio collaborativo e centrato sulla persona, familiari, caregivers, insegnanti, educatori, pedagogisti ed altri professionisti nel campo dell’inclusione.
    Keywords: autism ; visual disorder ; comorbidity ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Italian
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Several factors have been identified as interfering with the success, rehabilitation, and fitness of athletes from childhood to adulthood, as well as in para-sport, and special populations, according to research. The performance and health of this population are affected by the relationships between stress, maturation, training load, and recovery. Environmental approaches aim to increase efficiency and physiological adaptations in this sense. In various situations and conditions, however, this stimulus–performance–adaptation relationship varies.As a result, we received contributions related (but not limited) to the following topics: training load monitoring; stress and physiological responses during exercise or sports; recovery process after exercise; changes after stress and/or training load; physiology of training in health and sports performance.
    Keywords: visceral adipose tissue ; military ; metabolic syndrome ; cut-off points ; DXA ; warm-up ; muscle force ; performance ; resistance training ; thermal imaging ; physiology ; backstroke ; breaststroke ; start ; sink ; cortisol ; people with disabilities ; physical activities ; South Korea ; social determinants of health ; focus group interviews ; Paralympic Games ; Tokyo 2020 ; sociodemographic ; well-being ; resilience ; social support ; athletes ; disability ; performance indicators ; sports ; footwork ; reaction time ; agility ; physical activity environment ; relative importance ; priority ; pro bono ; intention ; pre-service physical activity instructor ; theory of planned behavior ; leisure time physical activity ; volunteering ; swimming ; social inclusion ; adapted physical activity ; respite care ; altitude ; hemoglobin ; erythropoietin ; hypoxia ; maximum volume of oxygen ; para powerlifting ; athletes with disabilities ; scoping review ; PAGER framework ; bibliometrics ; physical fitness ; body composition ; health ; measurement ; Down syndrome ; load-velocity relationship ; autoregulation ; load monitoring ; fixed-loading ; Wingate anaerobic performance ; paralympic sport ; para-rowing ; bibliometric analysis ; back pain ; sport ; sleep deficiency ; aerobic exercise ; oxidative stress ; hs-CRP ; stress ; hormones ; salivary glands ; endocrine ; autonomic nervous system ; immune system ; disabled athletes ; infection ; lymphocytes ; cytokines ; narrative review ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This collection of articles provides an overview of the current and future methods for applying a personalized medicine approach to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.
    Keywords: fecal metabolites ; ASD ; microbiome ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; Fisher Discriminant Analysis ; digital biomarkers ; wearables ; time series analysis ; autism ; social dyads ; socio-motor parameters ; network connectivity ; non-linear complex dynamics ; stochastic analysis ; autism spectrum disorders ; copy number variants ; females ; Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array-CGH) ; autism spectrum disorder ; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ; hypermobility spectrum disorders ; autonomic disorder ; mast cell activation syndrome ; genetic testing ; chromosomal microarray analysis ; whole exome sequencing ; whole genome sequencing ; clinical utility ; polygenic risk scores ; Temple Grandin ; biomarker ; omics ; precision medicine ; proteomics ; transcriptomics ; epigenetics ; metabolomics ; patient stratification ; mitochondria ; oxidative stress ; prenatal environment ; immune dysfunction ; immunoglobulin G ; intravenous immunoglobulin ; energy metabolism ; fatty acid oxidation ; acyl-carnitines ; resveratrol ; integrative ; model ; concomitant ; condition ; disorder ; autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ; genomics ; personalized treatment strategy ; single nucleotide polymorphisms ; clinical decision support tool ; ADHD ; PANDAS ; OCD ; anxiety ; folate receptor alpha ; folates ; pregnancy ; brain development ; fetal development ; cobalamin ; glutathione ; methylation ; methylcobalamin ; redox metabolism ; locked-in network syndrome ; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; amygdala ; brain ; COVID-19 ; children ; cytokines ; flavonoids ; inflammation ; luteolin ; mast cells ; microglia ; SARS-CoV-2 ; stress ; nutraceuticals ; survey ; vitamins ; minerals ; B12 ; folinic acid ; quality of life ; parents ; intervention ; systematic review ; medical claims ; logistic regression analysis ; retrospective analysis ; associated risk ; monoamine neurotransmitters ; neurotransmitter deficiency ; cerebral folate deficiency ; folate receptor alpha autoantibodies ; leucovorin ; α-amylase ; cortisol ; heart rate variability ; neuromodulation ; sleep anxiety ; transdermal electrical neuromodulation ; neurostimulation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis is crucial for diagnosis as well as monitoring and predicting disease activity. Comprehensive MR measurements including assessment of brain and spinal cord volume changes have the potential to improve patient monitoring, allow earlier detection of subclinical disease activity, and identify patients with depleted brain reserve who are at highest risk of disability progression. Cerebral atrophy measurements are now a secondary outcome of many clinical trials, although their wider use in routine clinical practice is still hampered by some technical limitations. However, evidence from clinical practice shows that assessment of brain and spinal cord volume change is feasible and has the potential to improve patient treatment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: multiple sclerosis ; brain atrophy ; diagnosis ; measurements ; disease ; monitoring ; magnetic resonance ; cerebral atrophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue of Nutrients is addressing the topic ‘Nutrition, Diet and Food Allergy’. Globally, food allergy affects 1.5% of adults and 5% of children and this prevalence is increasing in recent decades, representing a public health problem. Different mechanisms are involved in food allergic diseases with distinctive clinical characteristics: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated phenotypes will be distinguished in the Issue, considering the early recent literature on the prevalence, age of onset, follow-up recommendations and duration of food allergies. Moreover, the management of these fascinating diseases will be discussed with particular attention on nutritional hazards, risks of allergic reactions to new allergens, problems with missed labelling (precautionary allergen labelling (PAL)). Especially, the dietary restrictions and the re-introduction of allergens lead to a significant burden for affected patients, fear of accidental ingestions and related risk of severe reactions, resulting in a reduced quality of life among patients with food allergies.
    Keywords: nutrients ; infant gut microbiome ; pregnancy ; vegetables ; fruits ; atopic dermatitis ; dysbiosis ; food allergy ; gut ; infants ; microbiota ; skin ; 16S rRNA sequencing ; allergy ; anemia ; cow’s milk ; children ; immunology ; non-IgE-mediated food allergy ; pneumonia ; pulmonary hemosiderosis ; pulmonary infiltrates ; nut allergy ; oral food challenge ; peanut ; prick by prick ; serum specific IgE ; skin prick test ; tree nut ; milk allergy ; non-IgE mediated CMA ; food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome ; FPIES ; labelling ; prevention ; proteomics ; mass spectrometry ; cow’s milk allergy ; food hypersensitivity ; gastrointestinal disorder ; non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity disorder ; wheat allergy ; anaphylaxis ; epinephrine ; schools ; scoping review ; teachers ; peach allergy ; molecular allergy ; Pru p 3 ; Pru p 7 ; peamaclein ; oral allergy syndrome ; pollen-food allergy syndrome ; oral immunotherapy ; undeclared allergens ; pediatric ; food allergies ; risk ; RASFF ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2023-03-21
    Description: Published
    Description: In una nota a piè di pagina dell’introduzione al Descent of Man, Charles Darwin commenta i contributi meno conosciuti sul tema dell’evoluzione umana. La nota integra la discussione sulle opere di «eminenti naturalisti e filosofi, come Wallace, Huxley, Lyell, Vogt, Lubbock, Büchner, Roll», citando due studiosi italiani: Giovanni Canestrini, autore di «uno scritto molto curioso sui caratteri rudimentali», e Francesco Barrago.
    Keywords: Barrago ; Darwin ; evolutionism ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: Italian
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Terrestrial and marine environments are inexhaustible sources of compounds and active extracts which have been employed in medicine since ancient times. The aim of this reprint is to collect new approaches around compounds and extracts isolated from natural products and their biological activity, with a focus on anti-inflammatory pathways. Thus, this reprint compiles full original papers and reviews articles published during 2023 in a Special Issue of Life, titled “Inflammation and Natural products”. The publications within this reprint are focused on secondary metabolites of plants demonstrating significant antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, among others, and clinical relevance in various pathological conditions. It also includes reviews that focus on natural therapies for topics such as arthritis, lung diseases, neuroprotection, skin photoprotection, and the impact of gender in the use of medicinal plants in relation to vascular diseases. The reprint of this Special Issue will serve as a reference text for researchers and academics, as well as those studying natural products and their pharmacological activities.
    Keywords: Laurus nobilis ; Arbutus undeo ; volatile compounds ; anti-diabetic ; anti-inflammatory ; antimicrobial ; Ziziphus jujuba leaves ; rutin ; quercetin ; chlorogenic acid ; lipophilic ointment ; healing activity ; anti-inflammatory properties ; Alzheimer’s disease ; biflavonoids ; ginkgetin ; neuroprotection ; ginkgo ; vascular dysfunction ; endothelium ; plant extracts ; gender ; safety ; botanicals ; garlic ; traditional medicine ; ethnopharmacology ; hesperidin ; inflammation ; respiratory lung diseases ; flavonoids ; usnic acid ; enantioselective ; plumbagin ; plumbaginaceae ; natural compound ; antioxidant ; antibacterial ; antiparasitic ; anti-senescence ; stem cells ; Polypodium leucotomos ; Fernblock® ; photoprotection ; photodermatoses ; photoaging ; hyperpigmentation ; rheumatoid arthritis ; triterpenes ; celastrol ; betulinic acid ; ginsenosides ; saponins ; essential oils ; Melissa officinalis ; oregano ; lavender ; Chios Mastic (Mastiha) ; glucocorticoid receptor ; anti-inflammatory actions ; apoptosis ; anti-hyperglycemic actions ; royal jelly ; anti-inflammatory activity ; antioxidant activity ; natural products ; anticancer potential ; biological activity ; systemic lupus erythematosus ; clinical ; autoimmune diseases ; natural product ; supplement ; medicinal plant ; immunomodulatory ; review ; herbal medicine ; psoriasis ; Ficus carica fruit extract ; JAK–STAT modulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the last few years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies.
    Keywords: excitotoxicity ; neurodegeneration ; retina ; microparticles ; controlled drug release ; rebamipide ; sustained delivery system ; dry eye ; eyelid ; mucin ; ocular pharmacokinetics ; ocular drug delivery systems ; ocular routes of drug administration ; intravitreal administration ; topical administration ; anti-angiogenesis ; corneal neovascularization (NV) ; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ; gelatin ; hyaluronic acid (HA), nanoparticles ; RGD peptide ; eye drops ; retinal penetration ; neuroprotection ; protein aggregation ; stability ; intravitreal delivery ; CNTF ; corticosteroids ; drug delivery systems ; intravitreal dexamethasone implant ; intravitreal injections ; Ozurdex ; drug delivery ; glaucoma ; ROCK inhibitor ; fasudil ; PLGA microspheres ; intravitreal injection ; trabecular meshwork ; Schlemm’s canal ; retinal pigment epithelium ; Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing ; dexamethasone acetate ; cyclodextrins ; hydrogels ; rheology ; cytotoxicity studies ; transcorneal permeation ; radiolabeled ocular biopermanence ; blood-retinal barrier ; cationic drug ; transport ; lysosomal trapping ; atropine ; ophthalmic solution ; myopia ; amphotericin B ; γ-cyclodextrins ; fungal keratitis ; lutein ; PLGA ; PLGA–PEG–biotin ; ARPE-19 ; macular edema ; age-related macular degeneration ; biotin-decorated nanoparticles ; polymeric nanoparticles ; targeted therapy ; ocular drug delivery ; half-life extension ; albumin ; therapeutic proteins ; size exclusion chromatography ; iron ; retinal degeneration ; retinitis pigmentosa ; transferrin ; gene therapy ; plasmid electrotransfection ; dexamethasone ; poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid ; ophthalmology ; microspheres ; periocular administration ; gamma sterilization ; tolerance ; in vitro model ; in vitro drug release ; intravitreal implants ; SLA 3D-printing ; triamcinolone acetonide ; USP apparatus 4 ; USP apparatus 7 ; vitreous substitute ; dissolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Plastic and reconstructive surgery has a broad spectrum of different reconstructive techniques, including split skin transplantation and local and free flaps. By means of microsurgery and perforator flaps, every reconstructive issue can be addressed by tailored techniques. Flaps can comprise different tissues and can be designed using new imaging technologies in order to increase the safety of the procedures and to retain the form and function of the reconstructed area in accordance with the donor site morbidity. This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalized Medicine focuses on the following topics:Individualized microsurgery;Flap imaging;Customized perforator flaps;Monitoring flap perfusion;Tailored tissue engineering for reconstruction;Biofabrication applications in personalized plastic and reconstructive surgery.
    Keywords: flap grafting ; microsurgery ; biosensor ; bioelectrical impedance ; rat ; hyperspectral imaging ; Allen’s test ; radial forearm free flap ; microvascular surgery ; reconstructive surgery ; perfusion monitoring ; flap imaging ; critical bone defect ; vascularized fibula ; Capanna technique ; Masquelet induced membrane ; intercalary reconstruction ; bone tumor ; ballistic trauma ; perforator flaps ; DIEP ; thermal imaging ; laser Doppler ; perineal reconstruction ; VRAM flap ; neourethra ; urethral reconstruction ; posttraumatic lymphedema ; long bone fractures ; soft tissue injury ; lower extremity ; HSI ; objective ; hyperspectral signature ; timely recognition ; reconstruction ; head and neck ; non-invasive ; non-contact ; cytostatic agents ; doxorubicin ; indocyanine green ; oncology ; perfusion ; surgical oncology ; peripheral nerve injury ; psychosocial factor ; nerve repair ; neuroma ; brachial plexus injury ; compression neuropathy ; pain ; depression ; disability ; quality of life ; scar ; scar therapy ; algorithm ; free flap ; tissue transfer ; perforator propeller flap ; combined perforator propeller flap ; soft tissue reconstruction ; propeller flap ; perforator flap ; irradiation ; imaging ; malperfusion ; sternal defect reconstruction ; deep sternal wound infection ; DSWI ; reconstructive microsurgery ; tensor fasciae latae flap ; TFL flap ; muscle transplantation ; rat gastrocnemius ; in situ stimulation ; muscle contraction ; perfusion-decellularization ; autologous breast reconstruction ; free tissue transfer ; indocyanine green angiography ; transit-time flowmetry ; neurofibromatosis ; craniofacial ; surgical treatment ; multidisciplinary team ; plexiform neurofibroma ; forequarter amputation ; targeted muscle reinnervation ; osteomusculocutaneous flap ; fillet flap ; epaulette flap ; interscapulothoracic amputation ; spare parts ; CTA ; DIEP flap ; MS-TRAM flap ; perforator ; personalized medicine ; reconstructive breast surgery ; mastectomy-skin-flap perfusion ; mastectomy-skin-flap necrosis ; suture materials ; crush load ; mechanical properties ; wound closure ; adipose-derived stem cells ; ADSC ; MCF-10A ; mammary epithelial cells ; fibroblasts ; epithelial-mesenchymal transition ; mesenchymal markers ; breast infection ; peri-prosthetic infection ; breast implant infection ; silicone prostheses ; negative pressure wound therapy ; instillation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MN Surgery
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focused on the advancements in the field of shoulder arthroplasty in recent years. These concern surgical indications that have dramatically evolved and planification and navigation. The rapid development of surgical techniques and new prosthetic designs, as well as glenoid and humeral reconstruction for various conditions, is also overviewed. Despite the important progress highlighted in this reprint, there is currently a myriad of prosthetic designs, highlighting the evolving nature of this field.
    Keywords: reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ; DSA ; LSA ; lateralization ; distalization ; radiographic analysis ; shoulder arthroplasty ; glenohumeral osteoarthritis ; avascular necrosis of the humeral head ; hemi arthroplasty ; total shoulder arthroplasty ; young patients ; prosthesis ; design ; range of motion ; degeneration ; PROMs ; results ; complication ; reverse shoulder arthroplasty ; proximal humerus fracture ; hemiarthroplasty ; projections ; revision ; shoulder ; arthroplasty ; anatomic arthroplasty ; reverse arthroplasty ; periprosthetic shoulder infection ; two-stage exchange ; mortality ; reimplantation ; defect ; reconstruction ; autologous graft ; survivorship ; loosening ; integration ; patient reported outcome measures ; VBHC ; value-based health care ; patient value ; quality ; costs ; COVID ; coronavirus ; length of stay ; same-day discharge ; pandemic ; tranexamic acid ; TXA ; arthroscopy ; bleeding ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; acromion morphology ; glenoid retroversion ; wear ; osteoarthritis ; computed tomography ; anatomic total shoulder replacement ; reverse total shoulder replacement ; Lazarus score ; Sirveaux score ; older patients ; clinical scores ; conversion ; failed hemiarthroplasty ; shoulder hemiprosthesis ; modular reverse prosthesis ; glenohumeral osteoarthrosis ; shoulder dislocation ; shoulder instability ; dislocation arthropathy ; stemless ; inlay ; onlay ; augment ; head split ; splitting ; tuberosity ; healing ; union ; trauma ; humerus ; low ; high ; energy ; double shadow ; pelican sign ; anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty ; posteroinferior approach ; rotator cuff-sparing ; anatomical study ; cuff tear arthropathy ; polyethylene ; scapular notching ; larger glenosphere ; clinical outcome ; metal back glenoid ; midterm results ; radiologic outcome ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Pediatric and adolescent nephrology facing the future: diagnostic advances and prognostic biomarkers in everyday practice” contains articles written in the era when COVID-19 had not yet been a major clinical problem in children. Now that we know its multifaceted clinical course, complications concerning the kidneys, and childhood-specific post-COVID pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS), the value of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the pediatric area should be appreciated, and their importance ought to increase.
    Keywords: chronic kidney disease ; cytokines ; solitary functioning kidney ; tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis ; netrin-1 ; renal tubular damage ; premature newborns ; overactive bladder ; urinary microbiome ; children ; adolescents ; cystatin C ; galectin-3 ; periostin ; primary hypertension ; arterial damage ; blood pressure ; neurogenic bladder ; myelomeningocele ; markers ; furosemide stress test ; hyperfiltration ; [IGFBP-7] × [TIMP-2] ; NGAL ; renal angina index ; renal functional reserve ; tubular damage ; tubuloglomerular feedback ; neurotrophins ; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ; hemopexin ; nephrotic syndrome ; HNF1B ; hyperuricemia ; PTH ; renal function ; uric acid ; FEUA ; sclerostin ; obesity ; childhood ; dental caries ; gingivitis ; kidney injury ; glomerulopathy ; glomerular injury ; alpha-1 acid glycoprotein ; urinary mRNA expression of podocyte-associated proteins ; cathepsin B ; premature neonates ; immaturity ; NT-proBNP ; cardiovascular disease ; common carotid artery intima-media thickness ; bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 ; bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 ; extracellular matrix metalloproteinases inducer (EMMPRIN) ; macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) ; tubular functional reserve ; cytokeratin-18 ; endoglin ; transforming growth factor-β1 ; renal fibrosis ; congenital obstructive nephropathy ; diabetic kidney disease ; vascular endothelial markers ; eGFR ; adenine nucleotide metabolites ; chronic renal failure ; antibiotic resistance ; Escherichia coli ; inflammatory markers ; urinary tract infection ; B2M ; cancer ; CCS ; CKD ; nephropathies ; renal toxicity ; voiding cystography ; infection ; urinary tract ; IgA nephropathy ; IgA vasculitis with nephritis ; vanin-1 ; biomarker ; urinary tract infections ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; medical decision support system ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neurological syndrome, characteristic of patients with liver disease, that causes a wide and complex spectrum of nonspecific neurological and psychiatric manifestations, ranging from a subclinical entity such as minimal or covert hepatic encephalopathy to a deep form in which a complete alteration of consciousness can be observed: overt hepatic encephalopathy. Both minimal and overt hepatic encephalopathy have a high impact on patients, caregivers, and national health services, driving substantial consumption of economic resources. In this Special Issue, we discussed the current state-of-the-art research, address ongoing knowledge gaps, and ongoing controversies related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of hepatic encephalopathy.
    Keywords: hyperammonemia ; liver ; mitochondria ; ketogenesis ; gluconeogenesis ; brain energy crisis ; cirrhosis ; liver disease ; epidemiology ; hepatic encephalopathy ; transjugular portosystemic intrahepatic shunt ; liver cirrhosis ; minimal hepatic encephalopathy ; nerve conduction ; thermal sensitivity ; autonomic testing ; n/a ; bile acids ; antibiotic resistance ; enema ; capsules ; hospitalizations ; cognitive function ; liver failure ; encephalopathy ; delirium ; coma ; porto-sinusoidal vascular liver disease ; idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension ; portal vein thrombosis ; porto-systemic shunt ; sarcopenia ; myosteatosis ; protein caloric-malnutrition ; dietary intervention ; mortality ; quality of life ; sleep disorders ; therapy ; non-absorbable disaccharides ; rifaximin ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint is an excellent collection of articles that deal with difficult-to-treat infections in the ICU environment. Multiresistant bacteria and fungi create severe treatment problems to the physician charged with their care. We hope that this book will help everyday dilemmas and add useful information on difficult topics.
    Keywords: Acinetobacter ; pandrug-resistant ; antimicrobial combinations ; synergy ; renal replacement therapy ; Monte Carlo simulation ; antibiotics ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; microbiome ; probiotics ; intensive care unit ; dysbiosis ; ventilator-associated pneumonia ; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; ECMO ; critical illness ; antibiotic choices ; HAP ; VAP ; colonization ; antibiotic pressure ; bloodstream infection ; bacteraemia ; sepsis ; septic shock ; empirical ; probabilistic antibiotics ; source control ; de-escalation ; ICU ; intensive care ; antimicrobial stewardship ; COVID-19 ; procalcitonin ; C-reactive protein ; presepsin ; infection ; biomarker ; guided antimicrobial therapy ; APACHE II score ; bacteremia ; broth microdilution ; colistin ; colistin-resistant ; Gram-negative ; mortality ; SOFA score ; candidemia ; incidence ; epidemiology ; Candida species ; non-albicans Candida species ; fluconazole resistance ; critically ill ; beta-lactam antibiotics ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; antibiotic optimisation ; antibiotic stewardship (AMS) ; aspiration pneumonia ; hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) ; multidrug-resistance (MDR) ; non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) ; polymicrobial ; pneumonia resolution ; ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) ; carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAb) ; infection control ; antimicrobial agents ; carbapenems ; antibiotic resistance ; clinical pharmacy services ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; salvage treatment ; double carbapenem ; newer β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors ; cefiderocol ; eravacycline ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; mechanical ventilation ; risk factors ; blood stream infection ; defined daily dose ; antibiotics utilization ; empiric ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This reprint offers a comprehensive and updated overview of the current state-of-the-art techniques in the management of various neurological disorders. These disorders include neurodegenerative diseases, neurovascular disorders, and neuro-oncological diseases. The reprint also presents the latest advances and innovations in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these complex conditions, emphasizing the role of cutting-edge technologies, such as neurobiology, neuroimaging, neuroinformatics, neuropharmacology, and neurosurgery. This reprint is a useful resource for researchers, clinicians, students, and anyone interested in the current challenges and perspectives of neurological disorders.
    Keywords: atherosclerotic ; residual stenosis ; reocclusion ; endovascular treatment ; Alzheimer’s disease ; mild cognitive impairment ; tau positron emission tomography ; deep learning radiomics ; glioblastoma ; natural killer cells ; immune function ; interferon ; gross total resection ; neuropsychological tests battery ; machine learning ; screening tool ; Florzolotau PET ; functional connectivity ; neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease ; NIID ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; MELAS ; reversible DWI hyperintensities ; virtual reality ; neurological ; cognitive ; rehabilitation ; diagnosis ; metaverse ; Erdheim–Chester disease ; histiocytosis ; neurohistiocytosis ; cerebellar ataxia ; myelin proteolipid protein ; protein structure prediction ; functional analysis ; multiple sclerosis ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; NOTCH2NLC ; intermediate-length repeats ; nucleotide repeat expansion ; Tau PET ; radiomics ; Alzheimer’s Disease ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research on asymmetry of movement and postural balance and underlying functions in humans. Experimental protocols based on kinetic, kinematic, radiological, functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial Doppler ultrasound data taken from healthy, young, elderly and pathological individuals provide new insights into asymmetry in human movement and posture and are presented in the Special Issue.
    Keywords: gait ; kinematics ; spatio-temporal ; multiple sclerosis (MS) ; cyclograms ; angle-angle diagrams ; symmetry ; self-face recognition ; right hemisphere ; self-awareness ; asymmetry ; human ; development ; locomotion ; posture ; walking robot ; dominant leg ; acute exercise ; fatigue ; sport practice ; middle cerebral artery ; diameter ; blood flow ; stroke ; shear stress ; neonate ; handedness ; sidedness ; brain asymmetry ; children posture ; side dominance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Dual disorders, meaning the coexistence in the same individual of a substance use disorder and another mental disorder, have become an area of great interest in the fields of psychiatry and addiction and in health overall due to their high prevalence, clinical relevance and multicultural presence. This book includes a compilation of papers published between the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2023 focused on recent advances in dual disorders. The contributions present a broad look at various relevant aspects. Among them are the characterization of patients treated in different services, with special interest in the risk of overdoses, suicidal attempts and HIV, as well as the so-forgotten gender perspective and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the attention of addiction centers. One of the first studies to consider the comorbidity of gambling disorders with substance use is also presented. The possible usefulness of explanatory models of machine learning for diagnosis and for performing chronobiological measurements that allow a more individualized treatment stand out among the novel contributions to the field of dual disorders. The aim of each of the contributions of this reprint is to be transferred for the benefit of clinical practice.
    Keywords: circadian rhythm ; dual disorders ; chronobiology ; substance use disorders ; schizophrenia ; major depressive disorder ; bipolar disorder ; distal skin temperature ; dual diagnosis ; consultation liaison service ; quality of life ; gender ; substance use disorder ; genetic polymorphisms ; neurocognition ; chronobiological therapy ; exposure to natural light ; clinical course ; alcohol-use disorders ; personality disorders ; externalizing ; network analysis ; antisocial personality disorder ; borderline personality disorder ; dual disorder ; mental disorders ; screening ; cocaine use disorder ; alcohol use disorder ; substance-related disorders ; treatment retention ; cannabis use disorder ; machine learning ; dual pathology ; COVID-19 ; care activity ; pandemic ; drug addiction ; mental health ; gambling disorder ; gambling-related offenses ; dropout ; relapse ; psychopathology ; personality ; substance use ; psychiatric comorbidity ; impulsivity ; co-occurring disorders ; suicidality ; overdose ; HIV ; patient navigation ; barriers to care ; social determinants of health ; syndemic framework ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The present Special Issue will lead you to discover the association between cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, through update reviews and original articles exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this association and describing the latest results in term of cardiovascular event prevention. An interesting scientific journey that reflects the recent advances in pharmacological treatments and interventional procedures.
    Keywords: low-density lipoprotein receptor ; apolipoprotein E ; hyperglycemia ; type 2 diabetes ; Western diet ; diabetes mellitus ; GPCRs ; GPR26 ; monocytes ; peripheral blood cells ; metabolomics ; diabetes ; N-Acetyl asparagine ; QTc ; cardiac fibrosis ; scar tissue ; anti-fibrotic therapies ; cardiovascular diseases ; myofibroblasts ; nitric oxide synthase uncoupling ; sapropterin ; diabetic nephropathy ; atrial fibrillation ; hyperthyroidism ; warfarin ; ischemic stroke ; transient ischemic attack ; transplant ; complications ; mortality ; outcome ; glucose metabolism ; body mass index ; metabolic syndrome ; breast arterial calcifications ; cardiovascular risk ; mammograms ; risk assessment ; prevention ; cost effectiveness ; cardiac autonomic neuropathy ; oxidative stress ; inflammation ; endothelium dysfunction ; direct oral anticoagulant ; stroke prevention ; elderly ; frail ; malignancy ; extreme weight ; bioprosthetic valve ; endocannabinoid system ; CB1 cannabinoid receptor ; metabolic disease ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ; sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors ; metformin ; FibroScan® ; controlled attenuation parameter ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; heart failure ; hemodynamics ; dapagliflosin ; adropin ; natriuretic peptide ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: It is well known that pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, and intrauterine growth restriction affect over 12% of all pregnancies worldwide. These complications negatively impact both maternal and neonatal health and have short- and long-term effects such as an increased risk of neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular diseases. Over the past decade, numerous groups have investigated the use of new and/or existing drugs to either prolong gestation, such as in cases of threatened preterm labour; alleviate hypertension in preeclampsia; or promote adequate blood flow and nutrient delivery to the placenta to facilitate growth in IUGR. The overarching goal has been to promote healthier pregnancies and neonatal health, but it has been difficult to translate this work into the clinical setting, with problems in terms of drug delivery, specificity, and importantly, the early diagnostic capacities for complications in pregnancy. This book focuses on the early detection, potential novel therapeutic targets, risk factors, maternal outcomes, and long-term consequences of this critical problem.
    Keywords: ultrasonography ; elastography ; uterine cervix ; term pregnancy ; parturition ; genotyping ; preeclampsia ; MMP-9 ; MMP-2 ; SNPs ; tocolytic ; preterm birth ; preterm labor ; neonate ; prematurity ; pregnancy ; therapeutic ; progesterone ; fetus ; sex as a biological variable ; sex differences ; pregnancy complications ; placenta ; prenatal diagnosis ; fetal growth restriction ; miscarriage ; chorio-deciduitis ; grade ; amnionitis ; acute histologic chorioamnionitis ; intra-amniotic inflammatory response ; beta-blocker ; endothelial dysfunction ; cardiovascular disease ; pregnancy loss ; immunology ; vascular endothelial growth factor ; galectin-9 ; interleukin-4 ; proteomics ; urine ; biomarkers ; IBP4 ; SHBG ; RPL ; NK cells ; sildenafil ; PDE5A ; VEGF-A ; angiotensin ; infant ; newborn ; female ; abruptio placentae ; Apgar score ; pregnant women ; gestational age ; IL-1 blockade ; anakinra ; canakinumab ; human ; inflammation ; fetal growth restriction (FGR) ; intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) ; SPINT1 ; HAI-1 ; stillbirth ; placental insufficiency ; histopathology ; cardiovascular risk ; postpartum screening ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 patients often develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves acute and lethal respiratory failure. In a meta-analysis, the median incidence of ARDS in COVID-19 patients was found to be 35 (2-79)%, while the mortality rate in COVID-19-associated ARDS patients was found to be 39 (12.5-73.1)% (Hasan, et al. Expert Rev Repoir Med. 2020; 14: 1149). As of 12 December 2021, 270,373,764 cases had been confirmed as COVID-19 and 5,321,321 cases had resulted in death, according to the World Health Organization webpage. Various symptoms such as persistent fatigue, myalgia, and insomnia can persist after recovery from COVID-19; these symptoms are called “long COVID-19”. Patients with COVID-19 who survive but develop pulmonary fibrosis may experience persistent dyspnea upon exertion, a decrease in pulmonary function, and/or a radiological abnormal shadow. Antifibrotic drugs including nintedanib and pirfenidone are candidate drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis due to COVID-19; randomized controlled trials are ongoing. However, there are limited studies about respiratory disease caused by COVID-19. Given the clinical significance of this topic and its impact on clinical practice and public health, Medicina have published a Special Issue entitled “Respiratory Disease in the COVID-19 Era” with the aim of gathering accurate and up-to-date scientific information of this topic.
    Keywords: heart rate ; COVID-19 ; pulmonary rehabilitation ; COVID-19 vaccines ; adult ; pneumonia ; risk ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia ; interstitial pneumonia ; steroids ; immunosuppressive drugs ; spontaneous pneumomediastinum ; subcutaneous emphysema ; therapeutic plasma exchange ; ARDS ; inflammatory markers ; survival ; immunocompromised host ; Bruton’s tyrosine kinase ; persistent infection ; pulmonary paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus westermani ; post-COVID-19 condition ; delayed diagnosis ; case cluster ; Bamlanivimab ; Etesevimab ; lung ultrasound ; RT-qPCR ; HRCT ; diabetes mellitus ; computed tomographic severity score ; immunocompromised ; coronavirus disease 2019 ; hydroxychloroquine ; severe acute respiratory syndrome ; n/a ; diaphragm ; thoracic mobilization ; respiratory function ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: It is a great pleasure to provide you this Special Issue of Nutrients related to the 5th International Conference “Vitamin D—Minimum, Maximum, Optimum”, under the auspices of the European Vitamin D Association (EVIDAS). The conference and the forthcoming papers serve as an international forum for the presentation and discussion of current basic and clinical research in the field of vitamin D. Organizing this subsequent Special Issue was truly challenging, given that vitamin D has recently been shown by prestigious medical journals to be an epiphenomenon that coincides with diseases, and that the correction of vitamin D deficits has limited clinical meaning. On the other hand, it was recognized that vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem with potential negative consequences on health, welfare, and morbidity during growth and adulthood, therefore influencing healthcare services worldwide. Thus, due to mutually exclusive conclusions, it was essential to discuss and share scientific reports and evidence demonstrating both the benefits and lack thereof in relation to human health. Prof. Dr. Pawel Pludowski Guest Editor
    Keywords: vitamin D ; calcidiol ; supplementation ; COVID-19 ; RCT ; clinical trial ; cholecalciferol ; randomized controlled trial ; epidemiology ; mortality ; infections ; nutrition ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D ; infection ; study design ; clinical trials ; Alzheimer’s disease ; cancer ; cardiovascular disease ; diabetes ; hypertension ; Mendelian randomization ; vitamin D status ; prevalence ; female migrants ; United Arab Emirates ; blood pressure ; cardiovascular risk ; vitamin D deficiency ; recommendations ; guidelines ; treatment ; juvenile idiopathic arthritis ; calcium/phosphate metabolism ; methotrexate ; children ; inflammation ; pneumonia ; SARS-CoV-2 ; CYP24A1 ; pregnancy ; hypercalcemia ; fertility ; lactation ; intoxication ; idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia ; 25(OH)D ; B cell subsets ; inflammatory markers ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
    Language: English
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    Peter Lang International Academic Publishers
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The NEUROGES® analysis system is an objective and reliable interdisciplinary research tool for analysis of body movement and gesture. The system has been field-tested on more than 500 individuals from cultures of five continents, including healthy adults and children as well as individuals with mental illness or brain damage, and further, on non-human primates. Following up on the first book on theoretical background of the NEUROGES® system, which was published in 2013, this book contains the complete coding manual for the application of the system in research including an interactive video learning tool with video examples of all NEUROGES® hand movement and gesture types, training videos, and a template file for the Multimedia Annotator ELAN.
    Keywords: algorithmic analysis ; Analysis ; Behavior ; Coding ; cognition ; Complete ; Gesture ; Hedda ; including ; interaction ; Interactive ; kinesic behaviour ; Lausberg ; Learning ; Manual ; mental state ; movement analysis ; NEUROGES® ; Nonverbal ; System ; Template ; Tool ; Video ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: The lifestyle associated with good quality of food is well known for its widely recognized health benefits, especially when rich in bioactive compounds. Reduced risks of some types of cancer and other diseases have been associated with the adoption of such a diet, as have increased antioxidants, inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, etc. The focus of this Special Issue of Toxins was to gather advances related to the cytotoxicity of natural toxins and the potential for the cytoprotection of natural compounds present in food or plants. In this context, this Special Issue of Toxins comprises eight original contributions. Special attention is given to Fridericia chica (Bignoniaceae) leaves grown in Colombia, extract from Polygonum cuspidatum, Artemisia annua and coffee extracts against mycotoxins´ effects. Studies of mycotoxins in different animal and human cell lines are also presented for zearalenone, beauvericin, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, among others.
    Keywords: nano-silicate platelets ; necroptosis ; reactive oxygen species ; endocytosis ; membrane integrity ; Apoptosis ; bovine mammary epithelial cells ; endoplasmic reticulum stress ; polydatin ; zearalenone ; beauvericin ; α-zearalenol ; coffee silverskin ; spent coffee ; SH-SY5Y cells ; mycotoxin ; apoptosis ; endothelial cells ; calcium ; autophagy ; granulosa cells ; PI3K-AKT-mTOR ; MAPK ; chicken ; PAT ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation ; cytotoxicity ; mycotoxins ; Fridericia chica ; protection ; extracts ; artemisinin ; anticancer effects ; stress granules ; alternative extraction procedures ; osteosarcoma cells ; HeLa cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), posing a new challenge to the medical care of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Due to the relatively small number of studies in SOT recipients suffering from COVID-19, the natural course of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, optimal treatment strategies including modification of immunosuppressive therapy and the prognosis in COVID-19 in these patients is incompletely understood. The current Special Issue aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps and highlight some recent advances in the management of SOT patients during the pandemic. The call for manuscripts had been addressed to healthcare professionals involved in SOT patient care. We welcomed comprehensive reviews, original studies, interesting case series or case reports and commentaries relating to this topic.
    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; immunosuppression ; tacrolimus ; corticosteroids ; mycophenolate mofetil ; hyperinflammation ; cytokine storm ; pandemic ; transplantation ; Lung Transplantation ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; norovirus ; treatment ; hypothesis ; cytokine storm syndrome ; FK506 ; cyclosporine ; myocarditis ; pediatric heart transplantation ; viral infection ; dexamethasone ; remdesivir ; hemodialysis ; transplant ; kidney ; PCR ; infection ; transplant recipients ; inflammation ; survival ; n/a ; solid-organ transplant ; unvaccinated ; lung transplantation ; fibrosis ; phenotype hypothesis ; lung transplant recipients ; immunocompromised ; breakthrough infections ; chronic lung allograft dysfunction ; community-acquired respiratory viral infection ; CLAD hypothesis ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: Inflammation is a complex biological response to injury as a result of different stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammatory injuries induce the release of a variety of systemic mediators, cytokines, and chemokines that orchestrate cellular infiltration, consequentially bringing about the resolution of inflammatory responses and the restoration of tissue integrity. However, persistent inflammatory stimuli or the disregulation of the mechanisms of the resolution phase can lead to chronic inflammation and inflammatory-based diseases. Nowadays, commercially approved anti-inflammatory drugs are represented by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); glucocorticoids (SAID); and, in some cases, immunosuppressant and/or biological drugs. These agents are effective for the relief of the main inflammatory symptoms. However, they induce severe side effects, and most of them are inadequate for chronic use. Starting from these premises, the demand for new, effective, and safe anti-inflammatory drugs has led research in new therapeutic directions. The recent and emerging scientific community slant is oriented towards natural products/compounds that could represent a boon for the discovery of new active molecules and for the development of new drugs and potentially useful therapeutic agents in different inflammatory-related diseases. We hope that it will stimulate the interest of the scientific community involved in studying the effects of natural and synthetic compounds in different fields of interest such as acute and chronic inflammation, inflammatory pain, inflammation-related diseases (e.g., autoimmune diseases), amongst others.
    Keywords: Padina boryana ; alginic acid ; particulate matter ; skin ; inflammation ; chelation ; BELFRIT ; immunity ; mPGES-1 ; natural compounds ; Th17 ; sulforaphane ; osteoclastogenesis ; autophagy ; JNK signaling pathway ; baicalin ; Glaesserella parasuis ; tight junctions ; peritoneum ; piglets ; calceolarioside A ; nociception ; phenylpropanoid glycosides ; Calceolaria ; citropten ; colitis ; T cell activation ; intestinal cell activation ; anti-inflammation ; MAPK ; diabetes mellitus ; infertility ; oxidative stress ; Portulaca oleracea ; Crepis ; Asteraceae ; LC-MS ; NMR ; cichoric acid ; phenolic acid ; biological activity ; mouse paw edema ; antihyperlipidemic ; NLRP3 ; IL-1β ; natural products ; docking ; design ; Allium cepa L. ; quercetin ; bioaccessibility ; design of experiments ; anti-inflammatory activity ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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