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  • Royal Society of Chemistry  (17)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-01-02
    Beschreibung: We suggest a software pipeline for mixtures analysis. It combines tandem MS and 2D NMR data for a reliable identification of its constituents in an algorithm based on network analysis. An important part of this pipeline is the use of open-data repositories, although it is not totally reliant on them. The process starts with a LC-ESI-MSMS based molecular network dereplication using data from the GNPS collaborative collection. We identify closely related structures by propagating structure elucidation through edges in the network. Those identified compounds are added on top of a candidate list for the following NMR filtering method that predicts HSQC and HMBC NMR data. The similarity of the predicted spectra of the set of closely related structures to the measured spectra of the mixture sample is taken as one indication of the most likely candidates for its compounds. The other indication is the match of the spectra to clusters built by a network analysis from the spectra of the mixture. The contributions of the paper are an algorithm combining MS and NMR spectroscopy and a robust nJCH network analysis. This delivers good results even if a perfect computational separation of the compounds in the mixture is not possible. All the scripts will be made available online for users to aid studies such as with plants, marine organisms, and microorganism natural product chemistry and metabolomics as those are the driving force for this project.
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  • 2
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 21 (32). pp. 17546-17554.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-01-20
    Beschreibung: We report on an experimental characterization of the isolated reaction of hydrated iodide I(H2O)− with ozone O3 at room temperature performed using a radio-frequency ion trap combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Contrary to the oxidation reaction of the bare I− ion, the hydrated iodide I(H2O)− primarily reacts to form I− and IO2− with significant absolute reaction rate constants of 2.0 ± 0.3 × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and 2.5 ± 0.3 × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 while direct pathways to IO− and IO3− are much weaker. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that in aqueous phase and for atmospherically relevant temperatures, the presence of hydrated iodides are favored over bare I− ions, thus suggesting that the chemistry of the hydrated ions is relevant for understanding and modeling atmospheric processes at the air–water interface.
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  • 3
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 17 (27). pp. 6595-6600.
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: The heptadepsipeptide cycloheptamycin A was isolated from the terrestrial Streptomyces sp. Tü 6314. Its constitution was elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic experiments and mass spectrometric analysis. Its stereostructure was investigated by peptide hydrolysis and derivatization and firmly established by X-ray structure analysis. In addition to the parent compound, a new cycloheptamycin analog, cycloheptamycin B, was discovered and structurally assigned using comparative MS/MS experiments and NMR. The biological profile of both compounds was investigated, revealing a selective inhibitory potential of cycloheptamycins against Propionibacterium acnes.
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: Alkylresorcinols are amphiphilic metabolites, well-known for their diverse biological activities, produced by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A few classes of alkylresorcinol scaffolds have been reported from the photoautotrophic cyanobacteria, ranging from the relatively simple hierridins to the more intricate cylindrocyclophanes. Recently, it has emerged that cyanobacteria employ two different biosynthetic pathways to produce unique alkylresorcinol scaffolds. However, these convergent pathways intersect by sharing biosynthetic elements which lead to common structural motifs. To obtain a broader view of the biochemical diversity of these compounds in cyanobacteria, we comprehensively cover the isolation, structure, biological activity and biosynthesis of their mono- and dialkylresorcinols. Moreover, we provide an overview of the diversity and distribution of alkylresorcinol-generating biosynthetic gene clusters in this phylum and highlight opportunities for discovery of novel alkylresorcinol scaffolds. Because some of these molecules have inspired notable syntheses, different approaches used to build these molecules in the laboratory are showcased.
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: This review covers the current status of the quantum mechanical prediction of chiroptical properties, such as electronic CD and optical rotation, as needed for stereochemical assignments in new natural products. The reliability of the prediction of chiroptical properties is steadily increasing, with a parallel decrease in the required computational resources. Now, quantum mechanical calculations for a medium-sized natural product can be reliably performed by natural product chemists on a mainstream PC. This review is aimed to guide natural product chemists through the numerous steps involved in such calculations. Through a concise, but comprehensive, discussion of the current computational practice, enriched by a few illustrative examples, this review provides readers with the theoretical background and practical knowledge needed to select the most appropriate parameters for performing the calculations, to anticipate possible problems, and to critically evaluate the reliability of their computational results. Common reasons for mistakes are also discussed; in particular, the importance of the correct evaluation of conformational ensembles of flexible molecules (an aspect often overlooked in current research) is stressed.
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-09
    Beschreibung: Trichodesmium is a globally important marine nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria which forms colonies and utilizes atmospherically derived dust as a source for the limiting micro-nutrient iron. Here we report the identification of metallophores isolated from incubations of natural Trichodesmium colonies collected from the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. Three of our compounds were identified as the ferrioxamine siderophores B, E, and G. The remaining fifteen metallophores had mass to charge ratios that, to our knowledge, are not common to known siderophores. Putative sum formulas suggest most of these compounds were not structurally related to each other. We also found that the novel metallophores readily formed complexes with aluminium and were less specific for Fe than the ferrioxamines. In our incubations of Trichodesmium colonies, the abundance of ten of the novel metallophores positively correlated with Trichodesmium biomass, but not with bacterial biomass, whilst ferrioxamine siderophores were more strongly associated with bacterial biomass. We identified ferrioxamines and our novel metallophores in filtered surface seawater samples from the Gulf of Aqaba. However, our novel metallophores were only observed in the surface seawater sample collected at the time of highest Trichodesmium abundance, while ferrioxamines were observed even when Trichodesmium was not present. We hypothesize that the novel metallophores were specifically associated with Trichodesmium colonies. Together with the bacterially produced ferrioxamines they likely contribute to a distinctive “ligandosphere” surrounding the Trichodesmium colonies, with potential implications for metal homeostasis within the colony environment.
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-25
    Beschreibung: Thermal methods are of increased relevance in the field of microplastics (MP) analysis. The presented method improvements emphasize the potential of pyrolysis gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (Py-GCMS) methods for mass-related MP quantification in environmental samples. A previously established Curie-Point (CP)-pyrolyzer is compared to a micro furnace (MF) pyrolyzer of higher sample capacity. The two Py-GCMS systems are examined in terms of calibration aspects like dynamic range, linearity, process standard deviation and overall sensitivity. Here, MF-PyGCMS provided advantages. Depending on the samples and their residual organic matrix content, the related pyrolysis products may interact with relevant indicator ions of interesting polymers. This can hamper or even impede any calibration and quantification of MP in the given sample. An internal standard mixture added just before the pyrolysis process (ISTD py ) mimics these interactions to a certain extent. Based on selected peak ratios, ISTD py offers a possible quantification option in those cases. The application in selected environmental samples (sea salt, surface water and muddy sediment) after adequate preconcentration illustrates the capability and sensitivity of MF-Py-GCMS for MP-quantification regarding the encountered concentrations (ppt–ppm).
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-05
    Beschreibung: Low-level water measurements of geological materials are fundamental in understanding the volatile inventories of the Earth from the mantle to crustal reservoirs. Here we describe the development of microanalytical techniques using the new SHRIMP SI ion microprobe to measure the abundances of OH− (as a proxy for water) in volcanic glass and nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs). Samples were first analysed at the Carnegie Institute of Washington (CIW) on their Cameca ims-6f with calibrations based on previous FTIR and manometry analyses. SHRIMP SI is a large geometry ion microprobe and is currently mainly used for O and S isotope analyses. The analytical protocol used here incorporates multiple collection of 16O− and 16O1H− allowing rapid measurements. A single calibration line incorporating all glasses and NAMs for the SHRIMP SI allows calibration of 16O1H−/16O− to H2O over a wide range in concentration (50 to 15 000 ppm H2O). This calibration line has around a 10% uncertainty, which appears to be limited only by sample heterogeneity. The current background for SHRIMP analysis is between 20–40 ppm but this is expected to improve with improved pumping on the source chamber. A current limitation to water analysis of NAM samples, by any technique, is having a range of standard materials to enable OH− calibration to absolute H2O concentrations. Data are presented for 7 NAM samples (2 olivines, 2 orthopyroxenes and 3 clinopyroxenes) that appear to be promising as potential standards for international laboratory H2O measurements. These NAM samples have been analysed and characterised here by SHRIMP SI, FTIR, EMP and the Cameca ims-6f ion microprobe at CIW. Four of these samples have previously been measured by manometry to determine absolute H2O concentrations.
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  • 9
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 30 (5). pp. 1050-1056.
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-02
    Beschreibung: In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of stand-off laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (ST-LIBS) for the analysis of distant submerged objects. The applicability of underwater stand-off LIBS is highly challenging since it involves the delivery of a focused laser pulse toward the distant target through the aqueous media and then the transmission of the light emitted by the laserinduced plasma back to the detection system. Experiments were designed to gain fundamental knowledge regarding LIBS analysis in an underwater open-path configuration. Samples were analyzed at distances up to 80 cm from the sensor at a solid–water interface. Effective plasma formation was achieved using dual pulse excitation with Nd:YAG laser pulses at 532 nm. Intense and well resolved emission signals were observed with interpulse delay times close to 500 ms, whereas the lifetime of the laser-induced plasma was only a few ms. The effect of water temperature and the influence of the underwater optical path on the LIBS signal have also been evaluated.
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  • 10
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Chemical Communications, 51 (90). pp. 16217-16220.
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-06-20
    Beschreibung: Correct assignment of the stereogenic centers of highly flexible linear diterpenes (LDs) is challenging. Herein we report the first application of VCD spectroscopy for the absolute configuration determination of LDs of algal origin and provide experimental and computational procedures, such as a fragmentation approach, which will facilitate the use of VCD spectroscopy for configuration assignments of LDs.
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  • 11
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3 (21). pp. 5474-5483.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23
    Beschreibung: A new class of pH-sensitive indicator dyes for optical carbon dioxide sensors based on di-OH-aza-BODIPYs is presented. These colorimetric indicators show absorption maxima in the near infrared range (λmax 670–700 nm for the neutral form, λmax 725–760 nm for the mono-anionic form, λmax 785–830 nm for the di-anionic form), high molar absorption coefficients of up to 77 000 M−1 cm−1 and unmatched photostability. Depending on the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating effect of the substituents the pKa values are tunable (8.7–10.7). Therefore, optical carbon dioxide sensors based on the presented dyes cover diverse dynamic ranges (0.007–2 kPa; 0.18–20 kPa and 0.2–100 kPa), which enables different applications varying from marine science and environmental monitoring to food packaging. The sensors are outstandingly photostable in the absence and presence of carbon dioxide and can be read out via absorption or via the luminescence-based ratiometric scheme using the absorption-modulated inner-filter effect. Monitoring of the carbon dioxide production/consumption of a Hebe plant is demonstrated.
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-25
    Beschreibung: Red blood cell (RBC)-based micromotors containing both therapeutic and diagnostic modalities are described as a means for potential theranostic applications. In this natural RBC-based multicargo-loaded micromotor system, quantum dots (QDs), anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), were co-encapsulated into RBC micromotors. The fluorescent emission of both QDs and DOX provides direct visualization of their loading inside the RBC motors at two distinct wavelengths. The presence of MNPs within the RBCs allows for efficient magnetic guidance under ultrasound propulsion along with providing the potential for magnetic resonance imaging. The simultaneous encapsulation of the imaging nanoparticles and therapeutic payloads within the same RBC micromotor has a minimal effect upon its propulsion behavior. The ability of the RBC micromotors to transport imaging and therapeutic agents at high speed and spatial precision through a complex microchannel network is also demonstrated. Such ability to load and transport diagnostic imaging agents and therapeutic drugs within a single cell-based motor, in addition to a lower toxicity observed once the drug is encapsulated within the multicargo RBC motor, opens the door to the development of theranostic micromotors that may simultaneously treat and monitor diseases.
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-09
    Beschreibung: We present a double-spike technique for precise determination of mass-dependent fractionation of tungsten (W) stable isotopes. Instrumental mass bias effects and isotope fractionation during W separation are corrected for by means of a W-180-W-183 double-spike added prior to sample dissolution. The separation of W from the matrix is achieved via three-step anion-exchange chromatography. Tungsten stable isotopic compositions were determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). Results are expressed relative to the NIST SRM 3136 W standard as the permil difference in W-186/W-184 (delta W-186). The external reproducibility of the NIST SRM 3163 W standard is +/- 0.05 parts per thousand with an average composition of -0.01 parts per thousand on W-186/W-184 (2s.d., n = 171). Tungsten stable isotope compositions for USGS standard reference materials are as follows: AGV-2 (andesite; delta W-186 +/- 0.18 +/- 0.05 parts per thousand, 2s.d., n = 6), SDC-1 (mica schist; delta W-186 = 0.36 +/- 0.05 parts per thousand, 2s.d., n = 6), SDO-1 (shale; delta W-186 = 0.26 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand, 2s.d., n = 6), and manganese nodules NOD-A-1 (delta W-186 = 0.07 +/- 0.05 parts per thousand, 2s.d., n = 10) and NOD-P-1 (delta W-186 = 0.31 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand, 2s.d., n = 7). The long-term external reproducibility (2s.d.) for these rock standards is +/- 0.05 parts per thousand.
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  • 14
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Natural Product Reports, 32 (7). pp. 971-993.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-25
    Beschreibung: Fungi are widespread in nature and have conquered nearly every ecological niche. Fungi occur not only in terrestrial but also in freshwater and marine environments. Moreover, fungi are known as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Despite these facts, the ecological role of many of these metabolites is still unknown and the chemical ecology of fungi has not been investigated systematically so far. This review intends to present examples of the various chemical interactions of fungi with other fungi, plants, bacteria and animals and to give an overview of the current knowledge of fungal chemical ecology.
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  • 15
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Natural Product Reports, 32 (7). pp. 1114-1130.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-22
    Beschreibung: Out of the many bioactive compounds described from the oceans, only a small fraction have been studied for their ecological significance. Similarly, most chemically mediated interactions are not well understood, because the molecules involved remain unrevealed. In Antarctica, this gap in knowledge is even more acute in comparison to tropical or temperate regions, even though polar organisms are also prolific producers of chemical defenses, and pharmacologically relevant products are being reported from the Southern Ocean. The extreme and unique marine environments surrounding Antarctica along with the numerous unusual interactions taking place in benthic communities are expected to select for novel functional secondary metabolites. There is an urgent need to comprehend the evolutionary role of marine derived substances in general, and particularly at the Poles, since molecules of keystone significance are vital in species survival, and therefore, in structuring the communities. Here we provide a mini-review on the identified marine natural products proven to have an ecological function in Antarctic ecosystems. This report recapitulates some of the bibliography from original Antarctic reviews, and updates the new literature in the field from 2009 to the present.
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  • 16
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Natural Product Reports, 32 (2). pp. 116-211.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-25
    Beschreibung: This review covers the literature published in 2013 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 982 citations (644 for the period January to December 2013) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1163 for 2013), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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  • 17
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    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Natural Product Reports, 32 (7). pp. 1114-1130.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-25
    Beschreibung: Out of the many bioactive compounds described from the oceans, only a small fraction have been studied for their ecological significance. Similarly, most chemically mediated interactions are not well understood, because the molecules involved remain unrevealed. In Antarctica, this gap in knowledge is even more acute in comparison to tropical or temperate regions, even though polar organisms are also prolific producers of chemical defenses, and pharmacologically relevant products are being reported from the Southern Ocean. The extreme and unique marine environments surrounding Antarctica along with the numerous unusual interactions taking place in benthic communities are expected to select for novel functional secondary metabolites. There is an urgent need to comprehend the evolutionary role of marine derived substances in general, and particularly at the Poles, since molecules of keystone significance are vital in species survival, and therefore, in structuring the communities. Here we provide a mini-review on the identified marine natural products proven to have an ecological function in Antarctic ecosystems. This report recapitulates some of the bibliography from original Antarctic reviews, and updates the new literature in the field from 2009 to the present.
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