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  • Biological Evolution
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (45)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • PANGAEA
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2005-2009  (45)
  • 2006  (45)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (45)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • PANGAEA
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  • 2005-2009  (45)
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Davidson and Erwin (Reviews, 10 February 2006, p. 796) argued that known microevolutionary processes cannot explain the evolution of large differences in development that characterize phyla. Instead, they proposed that phyla arise from novel evolutionary processes involving large mutations acting on conserved core pathways of development. I question some of their assumptions and show that natural selection adequately explains the origin of new phyla.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coyne, Jerry A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):761; author reply 761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. j-coyne@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genetic Speciation ; Morphogenesis/*genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alberta ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification ; Female ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):983-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Female ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Male ; Skeleton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-07-15
    Description: Mekel-Bobrov et al. and Evans et al. (Reports, 9 Sept. 2005, p. 1720 and p. 1717, respectively) examined sequence data from modern humans within two gene regions associated with brain development, ASPM and microcephalin, and concluded that selection of these genes must be ongoing. We show that models of human history that include both population growth and spatial structure can generate the observed patterns without selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currat, Mathias -- Excoffier, Laurent -- Maddison, Wayne -- Otto, Sarah P -- Ray, Nicolas -- Whitlock, Michael C -- Yeaman, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):172; author reply 172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Biological Evolution ; Brain ; Demography ; Founder Effect ; Gene Frequency ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Organ Size ; Population Density ; *Population Growth ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Algal/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Phytophthora/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: The sea urchin genome reveals large domains of biology heretofore unexplored at the genome level, as this is the first nonchordate deuterostome sequence. The sequence will accelerate progress toward complete understanding of the genomic regulatory system that controls developmental specification and morphogenetic function, thus illuminating basic developmental process in all animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Eric H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):939-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. davidson@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Speciation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/embryology/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lessells, C M -- Bennett, Andrew T D -- Birkhead, Tim R -- Colegrave, Nick -- Dall, Sasha R X -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hatchwell, Ben -- Hosken, Dave J -- Hunt, John -- Moore, Allen J -- Parker, Geoff A -- Pitnick, Scott -- Pizzari, Tommaso -- Radwan, Jacek -- Ritchie, Mike -- Sheldon, Ben C -- Shuker, David M -- Simmons, Leigh W -- Stockley, Paula -- Tregenza, Tom -- Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: Crop domestication frequently began with the selection of plants that did not naturally shed ripe fruits or seeds. The reduction in grain shattering that led to cereal domestication involved genetic loci of large effect. The molecular basis of this key domestication transition, however, remains unknown. Here we show that human selection of an amino acid substitution in the predicted DNA binding domain encoded by a gene of previously unknown function was primarily responsible for the reduction of grain shattering in rice domestication. The substitution undermined the gene function necessary for the normal development of an abscission layer that controls the separation of a grain from the pedicel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Changbao -- Zhou, Ailing -- Sang, Tao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1936-9. Epub 2006 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/growth & development ; Flowers/growth & development ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oryza/cytology/*genetics/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of plants poses challenges to research because it involves rare events driven by complex and highly stochastic processes. The current surge of renewed interest in LDD, motivated by growing recognition of its critical importance for natural populations and communities and for humanity, promises an improved, quantitatively derived understanding of LDD. To gain deep insights into the patterns, mechanisms, causes, and consequences of LDD, we must look beyond the standard dispersal vectors and the mean trend of the distribution of dispersal distances. "Nonstandard" mechanisms such as extreme climatic events and generalized LDD vectors seem to hold the greatest explanatory power for the drastic deviations from the mean trend, deviations that make the nearly impossible LDD a reality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, Ran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. rnathan@cc.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; *Seeds ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes ; Water Movements ; *Weather ; Wind
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology, Cultural ; *Archaeology ; Biological Evolution ; *Hominidae ; Indonesia
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Bone and Bones/chemistry/cytology/microbiology ; Collagen/analysis ; *Dinosaurs ; *Fossils ; Hydroxyapatites/analysis ; Osteocalcin/analysis
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: The fundamental challenge in the social sciences is moving from complicated correlations to useful prediction. Progress usually reflects an interplay between theory, data, and tools. Six areas of innovation, principally data and tools, are now pushing at the frontiers of these sciences: longitudinal data, laboratory experimentation, improved statistical methods, geographic information tools, biosocial science, and international replication. These innovations are gaining power as they cross disciplinary boundaries, helping to attribute causality to observed relationships, to understand their nature, and thereby to improve the accuracy and usefulness of predictions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butz, William P -- Torrey, Barbara Boyle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1898-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Reference Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20009, USA. wbutz@prb.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Genomics ; Geography ; Health Status ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Internationality ; Internet ; Longitudinal Studies ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neurosciences ; Psychology, Social ; *Research ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Sciences/methods ; Statistics as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Peer Review, Research ; Religion and Science ; *Science ; Scientific Misconduct
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: The social amoebas (Dictyostelia) display conditional multicellularity in a wide variety of forms. Despite widespread interest in Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system, almost no molecular data exist from the rest of the group. We constructed the first molecular phylogeny of the Dictyostelia with parallel small subunit ribosomal RNA and a-tubulin data sets, and we found that dictyostelid taxonomy requires complete revision. A mapping of characters onto the phylogeny shows that the dominant trend in dictyostelid evolution is increased size and cell type specialization of fruiting structures, with some complex morphologies evolving several times independently. Thus, the latter may be controlled by only a few genes, making their underlying mechanisms relatively easy to unravel.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2173941/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2173941/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaap, Pauline -- Winckler, Thomas -- Nelson, Michaela -- Alvarez-Curto, Elisa -- Elgie, Barrie -- Hagiwara, Hiromitsu -- Cavender, James -- Milano-Curto, Alicia -- Rozen, Daniel E -- Dingermann, Theodor -- Mutzel, Rupert -- Baldauf, Sandra L -- 057137/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076618/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/D013453/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- COD16760/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD15EH Dundee, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Dictyosteliida/*classification/*cytology/genetics/growth & development ; Dictyostelium/classification/cytology/genetics/growth & development ; Genes, Protozoan ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Spores, Protozoan/cytology ; Tubulin/genetics
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saper, Clifford B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):773-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Ion Channels/genetics/physiology ; *Longevity ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Preoptic Area/*physiology
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: In developing embryos of some extant spiralian animals, polar lobe formation is one of the symmetry-breaking mechanisms for segregation of maternal cytoplasmic substances to certain blastomeres and not others. Polar lobe formation leads to unique early cleavage morphologies that include trilobed, J-shaped, and five-lobed structures. Fossil embryos similar to modern lobeforming embryos are recognized from the Precambrian Doushantuo Formation phosphates, Weng'an, Guizhou Province, China. These embryos are abundant and form a developmental sequence comparable to different developing stages observed in lobe-forming embryos of extant spiralians. These data imply that lobe formation is an evolutionarily ancient process of embryonic specification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Jun-Yuan -- Bottjer, David J -- Davidson, Eric H -- Dornbos, Stephen Q -- Gao, Xiang -- Yang, Yong-Hua -- Li, Chia-Wei -- Li, Gang -- Wang, Xiu-Qiang -- Xian, Ding-Chang -- Wu, Hung-Jen -- Hwu, Yeu-Kuang -- Tafforeau, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1644-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Institute of Evo/Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. chenjy@nju.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annelida/embryology ; Biological Evolution ; Blastomeres/cytology ; China ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; *Embryonic Development ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Invertebrates/*embryology ; Mollusca/embryology ; Phosphates ; Platyhelminths/embryology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: We have developed an automatable procedure for reconstructing the tree of life with branch lengths comparable across all three domains. The tree has its basis in a concatenation of 31 orthologs occurring in 191 species with sequenced genomes. It revealed interdomain discrepancies in taxonomic classification. Systematic detection and subsequent exclusion of products of horizontal gene transfer increased phylogenetic resolution, allowing us to confirm accepted relationships and resolve disputed and preliminary classifications. For example, we place the phylum Acidobacteria as a sister group of delta-Proteobacteria, support a Gram-positive origin of Bacteria, and suggest a thermophilic last universal common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciccarelli, Francesca D -- Doerks, Tobias -- von Mering, Christian -- Creevey, Christopher J -- Snel, Berend -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1283-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/genetics ; Animals ; Archaea/*classification/genetics ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Genome ; Invertebrates/*classification/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/*classification/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Vertebrates/*classification/genetics
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: The orb web is a spectacular evolutionary innovation that enables spiders to catch flying prey. This elegant, geometric structure is woven with silk fibers that are renowned for their superior mechanical properties. We used silk gland expression libraries to address a long-standing controversy concerning the evolution of the orb-web architecture. Contrary to the view that the orb-web design evolved multiple times, we found that the distribution and phylogeny of silk proteins support a single, ancient origin of the orb web at least 136 million years ago. Furthermore, we substantially expanded the repository of silk sequences that can be used for the synthesis of high-performance biomaterials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penalver, Enrique -- Grimaldi, David A -- Delclos, Xavier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amber ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Elasticity ; *Fossils ; Insects ; Mites ; Selection, Genetic ; *Silk ; *Spiders/classification/genetics
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: Humans collaborate with non-kin in special ways, but the evolutionary foundations of these collaborative skills remain unclear. We presented chimpanzees with collaboration problems in which they had to decide when to recruit a partner and which potential partner to recruit. In an initial study, individuals recruited a collaborator only when solving the problem required collaboration. In a second study, individuals recruited the more effective of two partners on the basis of their experience with each of them on a previous day. Therefore, recognizing when collaboration is necessary and determining who is the best collaborative partner are skills shared by both chimpanzees and humans, so such skills may have been present in their common ancestor before humans evolved their own complex forms of collaboration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melis, Alicia P -- Hare, Brian -- Tomasello, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1297-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany. melis@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Learning ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Fossils ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome, Insect ; Insects/classification/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Social Behavior
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts/*physiology ; Digestive System/anatomy & histology/microbiology ; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Gastropoda/genetics/microbiology/*physiology ; Genes ; Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):755.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Developmental Biology/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Museums ; United States ; Universities ; Zoology/history
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurd, Peter L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Dispersal is often risky to the individual, yet the long-term survival of populations depends on having a sufficient number of individuals that move, find each other, and locate suitable breeding habitats. This tension has consequences that rarely meet our conservation or management goals. This is particularly true in changing environments, which makes the study of dispersal urgently topical in a world plagued with habitat loss, climate change, and species introductions. Despite the difficulty of tracking mobile individuals over potentially vast ranges, recent research has revealed a multitude of ways in which dispersal evolution can either constrain, or accelerate, species' responses to environmental changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kokko, Hanna -- Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. hanna.kokko@helsinki.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Genes ; Homing Behavior ; Humans ; *Movement ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Ciona is an emerging model system for elucidating gene networks in development. Comprehensive in situ hybridization assays have identified 76 regulatory genes with localized expression patterns in the early embryo, at the time when naive blastomeres are determined to follow specific cell fates. Systematic gene disruption assays provided more than 3000 combinations of gene expression profiles in mutant backgrounds. Deduced gene circuit diagrams describing the formation of larval tissues were computationally visualized. These diagrams constitute a blueprint for the Ciona embryo and provide a foundation for understanding the evolutionary origins of the chordate body plan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imai, Kaoru S -- Levine, Michael -- Satoh, Nori -- Satou, Yutaka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1183-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Blastomeres/cytology/physiology ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Ciona intestinalis/*embryology/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development/*genetics ; Epidermis/cytology ; Gastrula/cytology/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Neurons/cytology ; Nodal Protein ; Notochord/embryology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/physiology
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Invasive species may precipitate evolutionary change in invaded communities. In southern New England (USA) the invasive Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, preys on mussels (Mytlius edulis), but the crab has not yet invaded northern New England. We show that southern New England mussels express inducible shell thickening when exposed to waterborne cues from Hemigrapsus, whereas naive northern mussel populations do not respond. Yet, both populations thicken their shells in response to a long-established crab, Carcinus maenas. Our findings are consistent with the rapid evolution of an inducible morphological response to Hemigrapsus within 15 years of its introduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, Aaren S -- Byers, James E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoology Department, Rudman Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA. afreeman@cisunix.unh.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biological Evolution ; *Brachyura ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; Mytilus edulis/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology ; New England ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic ; Temperature
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Almost every vertebrate cell has a specialized cell surface projection called a primary cilium. Although these structures were first described more than a century ago, the full scope of their functions remains poorly understood. Here, we review emerging evidence that in addition to their well-established roles in sight, smell, and mechanosensation, primary cilia are key participants in intercellular signaling. This new appreciation of primary cilia as cellular antennae that sense a wide variety of signals could help explain why ciliary defects underlie such a wide range of human disorders, including retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singla, Veena -- Reiter, Jeremy F -- R21 DK069423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21DK69423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):629-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0525, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/pathology/physiopathology ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Polarity ; Cilia/*physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects/pathology/physiopathology ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/pathology/physiopathology ; Retinal Degeneration/pathology/physiopathology ; *Signal Transduction ; Smell/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizzari, Tommaso -- Birkhead, Tim R -- Blows, Mark W -- Brooks, Rob -- Buchanan, Katherine L -- Clutton-Brock, Tim H -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hosken, Dave J -- Jennions, Michael D -- Kokko, Hanna -- Kotiaho, Janne S -- Lessells, C M -- Macias-Garcia, Constantino -- Moore, Allen J -- Parker, Geoff A -- Partigridge, Linda -- Pitnick, Scott -- Radwan, Jacek -- Ritchie, Mike -- Sheldon, Ben C -- Simmons, Leigh W -- Snook, Rhonda R -- Stockley, Paula -- Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: Several bird species have advanced the timing of their spring migration in response to recent climate change. European short-distance migrants, wintering in temperate areas, have been assumed to be more affected by change in the European climate than long-distance migrants wintering in the tropics. However, we show that long-distance migrants have advanced their spring arrival in Scandinavia more than short-distance migrants. By analyzing a long-term data set from southern Italy, we show that long-distance migrants also pass through the Mediterranean region earlier. We argue that this may reflect a climate-driven evolutionary change in the timing of spring migration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonzen, Niclas -- Linden, Andreas -- Ergon, Torbjorn -- Knudsen, Endre -- Vik, Jon Olav -- Rubolini, Diego -- Piacentini, Dario -- Brinch, Christian -- Spina, Fernando -- Karlsson, Lennart -- Stervander, Martin -- Andersson, Arne -- Waldenstrom, Jonas -- Lehikoinen, Aleksi -- Edvardsen, Erik -- Solvang, Rune -- Stenseth, Nils Chr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1959-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Theoretical Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; *Climate ; Cues ; Flight, Animal ; Italy ; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries ; *Seasons
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; France ; Geology/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Paleontology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):292-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Congresses as Topic ; Iran ; *Islam ; *Religion and Science
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemaire, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1145-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie du Developpement de Marseille Luminy, UMR6216 CNRS-Universite de la Mediterranee, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille cedex 9, France. lemaire@ibdm.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Ciona intestinalis/*embryology/*genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development/*genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Ligands ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approximately 55 million years ago) was an interval of global warming and ocean acidification attributed to rapid release and oxidation of buried carbon. We show that the onset of the PETM coincided with a prominent increase in the origination and extinction of calcareous phytoplankton. Yet major perturbation of the surface-water saturation state across the PETM was not detrimental to the survival of most calcareous nannoplankton taxa and did not impart a calcification or ecological bias to the pattern of evolutionary turnover. Instead, the rate of environmental change appears to have driven turnover, preferentially affecting rare taxa living close to their viable limits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Samantha J -- Bown, Paul R -- Sessa, Jocelyn A -- Bralower, Timothy J -- Wilson, Paul A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1770-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK. sxg@noc.soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; New Jersey ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; *Phytoplankton/classification ; *Plankton/classification ; Rivers ; Temperature
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):78-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mathematics ; *Models, Neurological ; Motion Perception ; United States ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1293.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*classification ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Paleontology
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), based on 4.5 kilobases of sequence data from six gene regions extracted from 139 of the 288 described extant genera, representing 19 of the 20 subfamilies. All but two subfamilies are recovered as monophyletic. Divergence time estimates calibrated by minimum age constraints from 43 fossils indicate that most of the subfamilies representing extant ants arose much earlier than previously proposed but only began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene. This period also witnessed the rise of angiosperms and most herbivorous insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreau, Corrie S -- Bell, Charles D -- Vila, Roger -- Archibald, S Bruce -- Pierce, Naomi E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cmoreau@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Angiosperms ; Animals ; Ants/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fossils ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; *Phylogeny ; Time ; Trees
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973999/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973999/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, David L -- R01 GM063622/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063622-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):50-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dstern@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & ; development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Organ Size ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Wings, Animal/cytology/*growth & development
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, Pasko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):928-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA. pasko.rakic@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon Radioisotopes/analysis ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA/chemistry ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Neocortex/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: We characterized Apis mellifera in both native and introduced ranges using 1136 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 341 individuals. Our results indicate that A. mellifera originated in Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant. A third expansion in the New World has involved the near-replacement of previously introduced "European" honey bees by descendants of more recently introduced A. m. scutellata ("African" or "killer" bees). Our analyses of spatial transects and temporal series in the New World revealed differential replacement of alleles derived from eastern versus western Europe, with admixture evident in all individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitfield, Charles W -- Behura, Susanta K -- Berlocher, Stewart H -- Clark, Andrew G -- Johnston, J Spencer -- Sheppard, Walter S -- Smith, Deborah R -- Suarez, Andrew V -- Weaver, Daniel -- Tsutsui, Neil D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, IL 61801, USA. charlie@life.uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Asia ; Bees/classification/*genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Europe ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; North America ; Phylogeny ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Dynamics ; Selection, Genetic ; Software ; South America ; Time
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buss, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Positive natural selection is the force that drives the increase in prevalence of advantageous traits, and it has played a central role in our development as a species. Until recently, the study of natural selection in humans has largely been restricted to comparing individual candidate genes to theoretical expectations. The advent of genome-wide sequence and polymorphism data brings fundamental new tools to the study of natural selection. It is now possible to identify new candidates for selection and to reevaluate previous claims by comparison with empirical distributions of DNA sequence variation across the human genome and among populations. The flood of data and analytical methods, however, raises many new challenges. Here, we review approaches to detect positive natural selection, describe results from recent analyses of genome-wide data, and discuss the prospects and challenges ahead as we expand our understanding of the role of natural selection in shaping the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabeti, P C -- Schaffner, S F -- Fry, B -- Lohmueller, J -- Varilly, P -- Shamovsky, O -- Palma, A -- Mikkelsen, T S -- Altshuler, D -- Lander, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1614-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Biological Evolution ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Because of conflicting evidence about several fundamental issues, long-distance animal navigation has yet to be satisfactorily explained. Among the unsolved problems are the nature of genetic spatial control of migration and the relationships between celestial and magnetic compass mechanisms and between different map-related cues in orientation and homing, respectively. In addition, navigation is expected to differ between animal groups depending on sensory capabilities and ecological conditions. Evaluations based on modern long-term tracking techniques of the geometry of migration routes and individual migration history, combined with behavioral experiments and exploration of the sensory and genetic mechanisms, will be crucial for understanding the spatial principles that guide animals on their global journeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alerstam, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):791-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. thomas.alerstam@ekol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; Cues ; Fishes/physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Geography ; Magnetics ; Memory ; Orientation ; Smell ; Telemetry ; Turtles/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ambrose, Stanley H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):930-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ambrose@uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Climate ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry ; *Diet ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Lasers ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; *Paleodontology ; *Seasons ; South Africa ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiessling, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1254-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. wolfgang.kiessling@museum.hu-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; *Invertebrates ; Marine Biology ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1095.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Predatory Behavior ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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