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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 16-21 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The World Wide Web is the most significant advance in mass dissemination of information since the invention of the printing press. Because electronic information is largely display independent, it is accessible to persons with disabilities who have the use of a computer with adaptive technology. Unfortunately, some Web design erects new, needless barriers to the use of this medium. This article outlines some of the problems, describes international activities aimed to transcend these problems and also suggests some simple, immediate solutions.
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  • 2
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 27-28 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reports that the use of new technology in English composition courses is making it easier to teach and to learn how to write, according to instructors and students at the University of Oregon. A new computerized writing classroom and extensive training of instructors in use of the classroom, plus electronic mail and the Internet, are having positive results. About 35 instructors and 750 students benefited from use of the new instructional methods and technology in 1996, according to Ann Alskaya, director of the university's new Center for the Teaching of Writing. Eventually, the changes will affect all 4,000 freshman students who take English Composition at the UO. Later, the center will train faculty members outside the English department who want to incorporate technology and writing into their courses.
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  • 3
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: It is important to understand the organizational structures and decision making processes in the university and their relationship to the CWIS. This article describes, reviews and summarizes March and Cohens' theories on the university as a structured anarchy. It also raises a list of questions that CWISs struggle with regularly which may be best answered by this theory. A second part of the article describes the companion theory of garbage can decision making proposed by March, Cohen and Olsen. Besides proposing the decision making model, March and Cohen even offer tactics to use in a structured anarchy that can enhance chances of success. Although CWIS problems seem dominated by management of technical questions, the authors feel that the ability to understand the organizational model of an institution and to manage the decision making process may be equally important to success as technical expertise is.
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  • 4
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    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a Web-based service set up for authors and teachers at the library, Wake Forest University. It involves a Web site which facilitates copyright permission requests, thus encouraging the seeking of permission and freeing up library staff time which had previously been spent helping individual patrons through the process.
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  • 5
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    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 66-67 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summarizes a teaching strategy developed by three University of Wisconsin-Green Bay faculty members which employs e-mail and the World Wide Web to bring interactivity to large-section, introductory lecture classes.
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  • 6
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 91-102 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on a multi-year effort to change the organizational culture of a very traditional IS unit into one that is "learning organization" and "client service" oriented. It describes the steps taken in the first two years within the context of John Kotter's "eight-stage process of creating major change". The paper sets forth the intent of each phase and the practical steps that have been taken to bring about the desired change. It approaches the process from the perspective of the CIO (the initiator of the process) with a practical appraisal of its success to date from the viewpoint of a long-time university staff member.
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  • 7
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Without reliable electronic records, colleges and universities will be unable to manage and defend themselves - they will lose their memories and be at significant risk. The authors explain the problems associated with the continuing reliability of electronic systems, and define the difference between an "information system" and a "record-keeping system". Collaborative partnerships among information technology staff, archivists, records managers, auditors, lawyers, and others at each campus, and also among professional organizations, are proposed to address these needs.
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  • 8
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes steps that can be taken by all members of the campus community to prevent software piracy. Details the application of copyright law for works of software, then goes on to advocate the development and implementation of a software policy and software audits.
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  • 9
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 122-127 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Regardless of how they are budgeted, information technology (IT) costs must be paid. Most schools offer some computing services at no cost to the individual or unit and some that are charged back to users and units. Typically, common good services are centrally funded, and services that differentially benefit specific individuals or units are charged for. How services are funded often reflects a school's philosophy about IT and about finances. Preferably, IT funding mechanisms deliberately help shape and influence an institution's IT and services philosophy, as opposed to an IT or service philosophy being unintentionally shaped by fiscal policies that follow no particular strategy. Levying fees to users on an individual or departmental basis may yield a different demand and expectation of IT services than when costs are borne by a central budget. Quantity and quality, degree of centralization, and administrative complexity of services are major variables in determining funding. Also at stake is the degree to which an institution wishes to endorse, suppress, control or expand IT services. These issues are specifically illustrated through a case study of the formulation of a new budget and cost accounting model to both finance an institution-wide network upgrade and to maintain that network.
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  • 10
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Administrators and funding agencies are legitimately asking whether our huge investment in information technology is improving higher education. Two surveys conducted at The College of Wooster gathered students' impressions of the impact of e-mail discussion groups and Web pages on their classes, and they show that overall students do see these technologies as beneficial. Other studies are also summarized. But what is the right question? Is it the technology that matters, or is the benefit in how it is used?
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  • 11
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multi-campus/large scale distance learning initiatives increase the complexity of issues, and affect the impact of various quality factors that must be considered in the design and implementation of programs. The impact and interactions of distance education quality factors differs when designing large-scale versus smaller-scale distances learning programs. This article will look at the various quality considerations within a large-scale model, and will look at how decisions were made to ensure quality in the design of the California Virtual University (CVU).
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  • 12
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 158-163 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes work at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, in developing information across the curriculum. Similar to writing competency programs, this approach will require students to take a number of information-intensive courses and necessitate a close partnership between librarians and teaching faculty in establishing requirements, integrating information skills into the curriculum, and evaluating outcomes.
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  • 13
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 142-147 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The introduction of sophisticated information technology to higher education is now forcing faculty and administrators to reexamine the traditional allocations of ownership interests in course materials. This article has been prepared to alert educators and administrators in higher educational institutions to the issues surrounding ownership of electronic course materials. In particular, the article focuses on the allocation of copyright ownership in electronic course materials as between faculty and their sponsoring institutions. While copyright laws vary somewhat from country to country, basic ownership issues will be common to nearly all copyright regimes. Drawing on US copyright law as an example, the article briefly reviews relevant copyright basics, the work made for hire doctrine, and options for contractual allocations of copyright. The article concludes by laying out a series of criteria that should be considered in formulating an institution's intellectual property policy.
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  • 14
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 164-173 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The authors describe the preparation and execution of a statistics and a fine arts course, each of which was offered in parallel to an on-campus classroom group and an online Internet group. The authors address the pedagogical, administrative, and political issues that must be resolved before one can legitimately offer a course of study to an Internet audience that the instructor will never physically see. Pedagogical issues are paramount if the goal is to achieve best teaching practice. In addition, there are numerous administrative hurdles to resolve where admission officers, registrars, and governing boards are working from a traditional mindset where rules and guidelines are based on local geography and physical presence. Further, political issues quickly present themselves, including time issues, faculty-colleague and administrator perceptions of "legitimate teaching activity", and valuations of the course.
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  • 15
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the Web sweeping through every aspect of campus services, how do you quickly deliver complex services without reinventing the wheel each time? The ability to quickly create support processes allows development staff to be more productive, and provides better service to clients. The use of collaborative development methodologies have been shown to be effective in the delivery of high customer satisfaction, fast prototyping of new services, and rapid deployment of operational processes. Discusses the aspects and benefits of rapidly developing and implementing Web-based services with limited resources, and our success with tools that support collaborative development.
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  • 16
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 174-182 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes the experience of a globally distributed organization, as simulated across three MBA programs. The students, located in each of three countries, worked collaboratively in teams to create a common project, using technology as a means of communication. Observations were made of local team interaction, as well as the intergroup exchange that came about from merging the local teams into a larger global team. The project revealed some weaknesses in technology as a communication tool, as compared to face-to-face interaction. Nevertheless, the findings support traditional group theories - theories developed through observation of face-to-face groups. The existence of mutual accountability and evaluation, superordinate goals, and the tone of the initial group meeting were found to be key for successful task completion and group satisfaction. Building a team in a virtual setting was found to be more difficult than in a face-to-face environment, but not impossible. Team-building factors that might be implied in a local arrangement, had to be made explicit in the virtual setting, as opportunities did not exist for clarifying intentions outside of the meeting place. Additional experience in using the technology as a means of communication should reinforce this need for clarity, as managers become accustomed to fewer opportunities for communicating implications.
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  • 17
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 142-148 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Intranet adopts the same information technology that the Internet utilizes for network processing with the exception of system boundaries. Moving corporate systems onto an intranet environment will increase the data traffic within corporate network. In order to smooth out data traffic in the network, adopting a high-quality management process to the intranet is needed. This article discusses the costs and benefits of adopting the intranet, tool availability and selection criteria, and some management issues for developing an intranet.
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  • 18
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 136-141 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This study sought to determine if differences exist among various age groups regarding students' use of the Internet. Surveys were administered to 548 students from three regional universities in the southeastern USA. Survey responses were then analyzed to determine how many students regularly use the Internet, how many hours per week regular users spend on the Internet, and what computers they use. Information was also tabulated for use of e-mail, use of the Internet to obtain university information, and for the number of students who had home pages. Finally, survey responses were analyzed to determine which students: consider the Internet to be a fad; project their future use of the Internet to be less, the same, or more than now; and project they will use the Internet in their chosen careers.
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  • 19
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 123-135 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Many organizations are developing e-mail mediated help services, although the implications of using e-mail for client service are not yet fully understood. A qualitative study of a successful service was developed incorporating content analysis of service logs and interviews with staff and users. Two models of ideal service exchanges emerge: concise question/response dyads and extended dialog. Staff tend to consider dialog typical, while users almost exclusively consider the minimum exchange normal. Service logs show most exchanges are simple question/answer pairs where users explicitly request instructions, explanations, brief informational answers, or direct intervention by staff. However, users sometimes underspecify their request or omit needed information while staff often respond incompletely to queries. This frequent omission of information places significant stresses on a dyadic exchange model. As users become more experienced in the using e-mail for requesting service, broader acceptance and use of a dialog model of help provision might occur.
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  • 20
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 156-165 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although there has been much publicity about the Internet, empirical research focusing on it is still relatively sparse. Most research on the Internet has been carried out in Europe or USA rather than Asia. This study examines the differential effects of occupation on Internet usage in an Asian country, namely, Singapore. Data were collected on Internet users via a questionnaire placed on the World Wide Web. From three main occupational groups (students, non-IT personnel and IT personnel) 1,299 usable responses were obtained. Differential effects of occupation in terms of Internet usage patterns, tasks preferences and factors affecting an enjoyable Internet experience were examined.
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  • 21
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 166-173 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The World Wide Web (WWW) or the Web has been recognized as a powerful new information exchange channel in recent years. Today, an ever-increasing number of businesses have set up Web sites to publicize their products and services. However, careful planning and preparation is needed to achieve the intended purpose of this new information exchange channel. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for effective commercial Web application development based on prior research in hypermedia and human-computer interfaces. The framework regards Web application development as a special type of software development project. At the onset of the project, its social acceptability is investigated. Next, economic, technical, operational, and organizational viability are examined. For Web page design, both the functionality and usability of Web pages are thoroughly considered. The use of the framework should result in more effective commercial Web application development.
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  • 22
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 174-184 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article examines instructional frameworks for university-level education in Internet content design. Examined are academic constructs, philosophies and strategies from two disciplines traditionally associated with content - herein defined as instructional science and informational studies. These approaches are then extended into a curricula paradigm for academic studies in Internet content design. The intent of the article is to begin dialog on the development of university-level curricula and degree programs in Internet studies.
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  • 23
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 202-218 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet, since its commercialisation, has expanded with tremendous rapidity. This development has been still further assisted by the creation of the World Wide Web, which has caught the imagination of users around the world. As the marketing and provision of goods and services over the Web continues to grow, the missing factor appears to be a well-accepted and well-trusted method of paying for these products and services. This paper discusses the problem of internet payment systems (IPS) and reports the results of a research project which attempts to identify and classify effectiveness criteria for IPS. The project was undertaken by means of a Delphi survey of experts in IPS usage and classified types of IPS providers, as well as the factors which each group considers most important. This information was used in the development of our set of IPS effectiveness criteria.
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  • 24
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 243-246 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: There are two basic forms of scientific communication: discussion and publication. In both forms, electronic versions have appeared over the Internet to challenge the viability of traditional instruments. Gives a discourse of the tools available and explains why electronic digests appear to provide the best scope in supplanting newsletters; their traditional counterpart.
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  • 25
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The main thrust of this article is to discuss a survey of 60 companies, predominantly from the user's perspective, that use the Internet currently; and to examine the effectiveness of their current Internet Web sites. The results of an online survey were subjected to statistical analysis and this revealed some interesting findings. It was found that 30 percent of the companies had facilities for conducting transactions online and only 7 percent charged users for Web site access. Overall, the Web sites rated highly in terms of ease of access, content and structure but scored poorly for their number of unique features. Of the six industry sectors surveyed (electronic commerce, entertainment and leisure, financial and banking services, information services, retailing and travel and tourism), it was the retailing sector that showed the best overall performance. The best individual Web site in the survey was the Financial Times (http://www.ft.com). It is suggested that this initial survey work could be advanced by extending the sample size and by devising a programme of more extensive statistical analysis.
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  • 26
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 236-242 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers the requirement for information security within thedomain of online distance learning. A generic modulestructure is presented which represents a high level abstractionof the different stages of the educational process.Discusses the main security issues that must be considered ateach stage. These various requirements are being addressedin practice by the security framework being developed by theSDLearn research project, a collaborative initiative betweenhigher academic establishments in the UK and Germany.
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  • 27
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The findings of a study by Auger and Gallaugher (1997), in addition to suppositions and anecdotal evidence provided in a number of articles, suggest that there may be key areas of difference as well as similarities in Internet usage patterns among small and mid-sized businesses. Since large businesses are both potential customers of and suppliers to small to mid-sized businesses, it is important to understand their Internet usage patterns as well. The study was designed as a preliminary examination contrasting such usage among large and small and mid-sized owner-operated firms. Study findings suggest mid-sized businesses may be at a competitive disadvantage in their current operational use of the Internet. Small businesses in the study were more likely than mid-sized or large firms to have a home page and to reveal computer/technology programs as potential Internet services needed to improve current operations. Future research must continue to examine the role the Internet can play in allowing small and mid-sized businesses to be more competitive in today's technology based global environment.
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  • 28
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explores the issue of changing URLs and provides a brief analysis of the degree to which change is occurring. Examines the range of potential solutions and provides discussion concerning the reasons for outdated and inaccurate URLs.
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  • 29
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the use of a corporate Internet in a geographically-spread consulting firm, James Martin & Co., to share ideas, vision, client information and results. Illustrates with examples. Applications include a quarterly Employee Attitude Survey and regular discussion forums. Proposes that a well-designed corporate intranet is a highly effective method of making intangible vision and mission pledges more tangible.
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  • 30
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 257-265 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the issues associated with global delivery of education via the Internet, as well as the academic, technical, administrative, instructional, and behavioral considerations. Also presents a course delivery prototype, which has been designed to serve as a shell for the development of full-length courses. The paper's position is that eventually a cyber-academia will be progressively formed, with its own culture and institutions, which will meet the needs of those who are time or place constrained.
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  • 31
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 266-271 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: States that there has been a trend for publications in the Asia-Pacific region to move to a combined print and electronic medium, in an effort to achieve the goals of social equity and increased exposure to the worldwide community through the World Wide Web (WWW). Reviews some of the mechanisms by which this transition can be evaluated with respect to these two goals, both economically, but more importantly, in terms of user-behaviour recorded WWW server access logs. The auditing of these logs facilitates new forms of market research which are impossible to conduct on traditional paper publications, as objective, quantitative information about usage patterns can be measured directly from key variables such as country of origin, most popular content pages, and typical access errors. It is argued that these audits can be used effectively for future planning, developing popular content areas, and creating publicity policy for electronic publications. The transition to a joint paper and electronic format for the South Pacific Journal of Psychology is presented in a three-month case study, with important issues, such as the importance of indigenous contributions, being resolved using statistics computed from the server access logs.
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  • 32
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 290-302 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet is increasingly being used as a potential library substitute for a wide variety of business information tasks. However, little comparative research exists on the impact of such uses on task performance. This study examined performance differences (perceived, actual, and temporal) for a strategic business information acquisition experimental task when subjects used a library or the Internet. It was found that task performance decreased and time to completion increased when using the Internet as compared to the library. This paradox of performance enhancement expectations and actual outsomes when using the Internet may be temporal or idiosyncratic, or it may signal that our assumptions about traditional and electronic repositories are invalid. In any case, it is imperative that research on task performance continues to be done in order to ascertain the viability of this repository for information tasks. Implications of these findings and avenues of future research are discussed.
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  • 33
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The size of that section of the electronic market place known as the Internet is substantially dependent on how many people acquire and retain Internet access. This core of Internet users is the bedrock on which electronic commerce will be built. More attention has been given to the reasons why people join the Internet community than to their motivation for leaving. We therefore sought to carry out exploratory research into the thinking of some of the likely Internet defectors in order to identify intelligent questions which could form the basis for subsequent experimental hypotheses. At the same time we took the opportunity to examine possible critical mass effects in the adoption of the Internet as a piece of innovative technology, and to shed some light on the question of knowledge gaps, more recently characterised as the problem of the information rich and the information poor.
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  • 34
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 313-321 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper a new concept "trust", and how it influences the process of managing the security of an organization operating in an electronic commerce environment has been introduced. Pragmatically, the study suggests awareness for organizations entering into electronic commerce and theoretically the study aims to develop a framework of trust and security for electronic commerce thus providing a set of guidelines for secure electronic commerce.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 425-433 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The coupling of process-centered environments (PCEs) with distributed object architectures like COM, CORBA and Java opens up an unprecedented range of possibilities in terms of automatic process management. The human factor is still the major component of the software process but its role is changing, as is the kind of support it needs. Focusing on the interactions between different distributed PCEs (heterogeneous federation), we present an Internet-based framework for the definition and enactment of federated processes. A CSP-like process definition language makes distribution problems transparent to the process designer while compiler and execution engines exploit Internet technology in order to map process specifications into the actual IT infrastructure. Different solutions are investigated for both the deployment of the enactment components and their interaction with local PCEs.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 442-451 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Introduces a way to design geographically distributed virtual prototyping, a new Internet technology, in order to facilitate designer-customer communication in the product development of small electronic devices, such as mobile telephones. First, we will present our research in the concept design domain with a set of requirements focusing on communication between the designer and the customer. Second, a technique called "smart virtual prototyping" will be presented to elaborate on the virtual prototyping techniques to be used over the World Wide Web. Third, we will present the main ideas, architecture and selected software techniques of WebShaman, which is an application built to demonstrate how a distributed virtual prototyping system could support geographically distant designer-customer communication. Finally, we discuss the possible impact of the distributed virtual prototyping approach on the WWW community.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 452-465 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Application Development for the Distributed Enterprise (ADDE) is a methodological set that supports design of distributed business processes and ICT systems. ADDE provides a guide, a repository and supporting software tools, an underlying meta-model, based on UML, that may be used in developing further software tools, or adapting existing tools to work with the ADDE repository. The main principles that have driven the authors' approach to distributed system design are presented. These principles are the focus on distribution issues, the separation of organisational and technical issues, the emphasis on the design process as a decision process, the notion of technological services and the method independence of the guidance. Following this, the guidance on the definition and planning of the application development will be introduced. A presentation of the guidance on distributed application design, as well as the concepts of macro and micro decisions follows. Finally, the future work of the ADDE project will be outlined.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 5-13 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Based on the findings of a detailed review of the current state and future prospects of 19 university libraries in 12 countries of Africa undertaken in 1995, levels of adoption and benefits IT has brought to libraries are weighed against the drawbacks. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed. IT will not reduce the need for hard copy books and journals. Its biggest potential is in providing links to the outside world and in increasing intra-African exchange and communication.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 32-38 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper reports the results of a recent online survey of consumer attitudes toward selected US online storefronts marketing barbecue sauce, cheese, olive oil, and potato chips as well as international companies marketing an assortment of specialty food products. It describes the relationship between consumer attitudes toward a commercial WWW site and likelihood of purchase as well as demographic factors which are related to online purchasing behavior of food and drink products.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 26-31 
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    Notes: The Internet, which began as a communication network controlled by the US Government, is a free and open international information superhighway. The number of Internet users and the variety of information found on the network have grown dramatically in the last decade. This rapid growth also occurred with minimal control of content or acceptable uses of the Internet. This study was designed to investigate the future of Internet regulation. Surveys were sent out to 510 Internet providers in 40 countries. Respondents indicated that some regulation may be necessary, but the cultural diversity in the world will make it difficult to implement.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 14-25 
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    Notes: An Internet telephony system functions like a conventional telephone to support real-time voice communication over the Internet. Numerous proprietary systems have surfaced since its introduction as a result of its main attraction of allowing transcontinental telephone calls to be made at the price of local telephone calls. Currently, these systems are at their infancy stage with no support for standards to allow interoperability among systems. A proper framework to allow evaluation or comparison between systems is also lacking. This paper proposes such a framework that utilises a feature and functionality appraisal together with both quantitative and qualitative assessment techniques to allow a systematic evaluation of Internet telephony systems to take place. These techniques include voice process evaluation through signal reproduction, Diagnostic Rhyme Test, Diagnostic Acceptability Measure, Degradation Category Rating, and Free Conversation Test. This framework has been successfully demonstrated and utilised for the evaluation of five Internet telephony systems.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 49-58 
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    Notes: The article explores Africa's initiative at building a regional plan for the formulation and development of a National Information and Communication Infrastructure (NICIP) in every African state. The paper also examines the challenges and opportunities confronting Africa in its bid to launch itself into the information age. The role of information, communication and knowledge in accelerating African socio-economic development is emphasised. The paper makes a critical examination of the globalisation of economies and argues that globalisation appears to favour the rich and not so much the poor. It challenges the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to provide funding for the project if it is to succeed. It eventually concludes by making the observation that Africa's Information Society Initiative (AISI) should promote Africa.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 59-69 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Common knowledge: Pittsburgh is a school networking project which is developing network connectivity and curricular applications in the Pittsburgh Public Schools. With its emphasis on the curriculum and its efforts to institutionalize the use of networking technology, the project offers a useful model for other school districts to follow. The present paper describes how the project has expanded from its initial structure, delineates specific products that have been produced and indicates directions in which future expansion is likely to take place.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 75-80 
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    Notes: Describes how an independent business school, International Management Centres (IMC), has created a virtual library in partnership with database publisher Anbar Electronic Intelligence. Outlines the action learning methodology used by IMC in delivering management development programmes, and the virtual business school model being developed and used. Examines the relationship between the partner organizations, highlighting the benefits each gains from the collaboration. Analyzes the benefits being experienced by IMC faculty and students from the virtual library investment to-date, anticipated benefits, and future investment in online information resources.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 39-48 
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    Notes: This paper reports on Phase II of a two-part project to identify and implement user-based design criteria in World Wide Web sites. The test site is a Web page for the academic business community. As an alternative to existing, largely ad hoc design processes, the authors developed a user-based design process, gathering user input at three different times in the process. Delineating this four-stage process (information-gathering; development; test and evaluation; and implementation) is a major focus of the paper. In addition to explaining the process in detail, the paper reports on the second stage of this process, which involves operationalizing definitions of the criteria and translating the criteria into Web page features and, to some extent, on the evaluation activities undertaken during Stage 3. Already reported are the results of Stage 1, which gathered user criteria for evaluating Web sites through a focus group session.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 70-74 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With an estimated over 40 million Internet users all over the world, things that once happened only in "real life" are starting to occur in this virtual world. This Internet, just like the physical world, cannot rely on laws alone to keep order. The rules that regulate behavior, the policies for what is acceptable and the laws that pertain to activities have developed and will continue to emerge over time. However, conflicts of interest are inevitable and wherever conflict occurs, the government will regulate on matters including e-mail, data theft, piracy, search and seizure, electronic banking, offensive behavior, and other legal liability issues.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 101-114 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper is a case study of the ideology, strategies and process of the Common Knowledge: Pittsburgh project in its attempt at school reform in an urban school district. The paper reflects on the project's activities, looks at its efforts from the literature of school reform, and uses its experience to develop a conceptual framework for discussing such reform efforts. The conceptual framework is based on Chaos Theory (Gleick, 1987). The objectives of this paper are to apply Chaos Theory, as developed in mathematics and science to educational organizations and present a conceptual model for school reform consistent with this theory.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 115-122 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This research project looks at problems in Web site design from the perspective of network analysis. In view of the similarity between the hypertext structure of Web pages and a generic network, the authors find in network analysis several concepts and theories which could provide some insight for Web site design. In this paper, the problem of homepage location and the control of number of Web pages and their links are described. Solutions to these problems are discussed.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 185-194 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the birth of the World Wide Web, the current decade has witnessed tremendous evolution in the media environment, and indicates that electronic commerce, defined as the electronic exchange of information, goods, services, and payments, has finally come of age. Despite the fast-growing popularity of electronic commerce and presence of many companies on the virtual market, the opportunities offered by this new environment are still unknown. Many marketers still approach the Web based on the traditional mass communication model. The paper addresses the opportunities offered by the Web to marketers. Its approach considers the Web as a two-way communication model in which four different communication states can take place. The paper also suggests the necessity of new concepts and models for marketers to manage their Web sites, and then presents the opportunities supporting the marketers' objectives in the new environment.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 149-155 
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    Notes: As more and more organizations establish their presence on the World Wide Web, the question of interacting in the new medium presents challenges to practitioners and academics alike. How should economic and symbolic activity be conducted and conceptualized? Different assumptions about the new medium will result in disparate activities - and concomitantly varying degrees of success or failure. In this article we explore the phenomenon of the Web using themes which characterize postmodernism. Postmodernism is a rubric of praxes and thoughts that "dis-embodies" the information age, and thus offers unique insights into information-rich contexts such as the Web. The article is set out as follows. First, the signifiers of "modern" and "postmodern" are discussed. Second, the Web is explored using key themes of postmodernism. We conclude that a postmodern perspective will illuminate thinking in the new information medium, just as modernism facilitated thinking in traditional physical medium.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 322-330 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Internet shopping has received considerable attention in the popular press as the future of in-home shopping. Although actual sales figures attributed to this direct mode of shopping are relatively modest in comparison to predictions, there are too many potential benefits to consumers and retailers alike to ignore Internet shopping as a fad. The authors present findings from an exploratory, empirical investigation of perceptions of Internet catalog shopping and more traditional print catalog shopping. The study extends previous research on strategy developments for direct modes of shopping and examines two factors (personality and important other people) that might influence perceptions. Preliminary results suggest that there are significant differences in individuals' perceptions of Internet catalog shopping and print catalog shopping, and perceptions differ by individual differences in personality (levels of need-for-cognition) and influence of important other people. Finally, the authors present research propositions that deserve further attention.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 331-337 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Bank customers are divided into an Internet banking segment and a branch banking segment and it is argued the former is growing and the latter is declining. This development is predicted dramatically to change the distribution channel structure in the retail banking sector. Two important strategic distribution channel decisions face banks. The first is whether to target the branch banking segment or the Internet banking segment. The other regards the geographical area banks aim to serve. This can be the local/national area or several nations. Based on this, four pure distribution channel strategies and a dual strategy are identified and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 338-346 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Intranets use Internet technology to construct private, corporate webs. They take advantage of available TCP/IP Internet development tools to bring a variety of server-based information to desktops. This research presents a case study of a large regional Bell operating company and illustrates how intranets faciltate documentation availability within the company at substantial cost savings. The paper first reviews the current practice of document publication process, and then compares the traditional paper-based publication costs with intranet publication costs. This is followed by the examination of intranet document management systems (IDMS) design and development issues. Finally, managerial challenges of IDMS are discussed.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 347-358 
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    Notes: This paper develops frameworks to help Internet media designers address end-user information presentation preferences by advancing structures for assessing metadata design variables. Design variables are then linked to user cognitive styles. An underlying theme is that AI methodologies may be used to help automate the Internet media design process and to provide personalized and customized experiences. User preferences concerning knowledge acquisition in online experiences provide the basis for discussions of cognitive analysis, and are extended into structural implications for media design and interaction. The assumption is made that frameworks for the alignment of design metadata with user metacognitive elements may serve as a reference to aid information design for Internet-based media.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 377-386 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: States that heterogeneous project groups today may be expected to use the mechanisms of the Web for sharing information. Metadata has been proposed as a mechanism for expressing semantics of information and, hence, facilitate information retrieval, understanding and use. Presents an approach to sharing of information which aims to use a semantic modeling language as the basis for expressing semantics of information and designing metadata schemes. Functioning in the borderlines between human and computer understandability, the modeling language could be able to express semantics of published Web documents. Reporting on work in progress, the paper presents the overall framework and ideas.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 387-399 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The authors propose a client-side agent for exploring and categorizing documents on the World Wide Web. As the user browses the Web using a usual Web browser, this agent is designed to aid the user by classifying the documents the user finds most interesting into clusters. The agent carries out the task completely automatically and autonomously, with as little user intervention as the user desires. The principal novel components in this agent that make it possible are a scalable hierarchical clustering algorithm and a taxonomic label generator. In this paper, the overall architecture of this agent is described and the details of the algorithms within its key components are discussed.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 400-413 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The increasing need to access and elaborate dynamic and heterogeneous information sources distributed over the Internet calls for new models and paradigms for application design and development. The mobile agent paradigm promotes the design of applications where agents roam through Internet sites to locally access and elaborate information and resources, possibly co-operating with each other. Focuses on mobile agent co-ordination, and presents the TuCSoN co-ordination model for Internet applications based on mobile information agents. TuCSoN exploits a notion of local tuple-based interaction space, called a tuple centre. A tuple centre is a tuple space enhanced with the capability of programming its behaviour in response to communication events. This enables properties to be embedded into the interaction space, and a mobile agent to be designed independently of the peculiarities of the information sources. Several issues critical to Internet applications can then be charged on tuple centres transparently to agents. The effectiveness of the TuCSoN model is first shown by means of an application example in the area of Internet information retrieval, then discussed in the context of workflow management and electronic commerce.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 414-424 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The existing, and still evolving, Internet technologies have, up to now, only been used for paper-free distribution and hypermedia presentation of electronic documents. But today's business and research often require more - the compilation of knowledge worked out asynchronously by different distributed knowledge holders. This is in general connected with diverse review and revise processes. Owing to awkward paper-based information flows lacking in control, this task is often characterized by exceptionally lengthy, spontaneous, unsystematic work, high error frequency and lack of transparency, which results in a lack of quality. Coming from the initial goal of supporting a process-oriented management of distributed editorial work in the publishing sector - which is analogous to the problem outlined above - INTERFYS is an innovative Internet-based system concept for making such processes more efficient by applying the concepts of workflow management using Web technologies only. With INTERFYS not only the distribution and presentation, but also the creation process of documents is supported using Internet technologies only. The paper explains and evaluates the conceptual and technical aspects of the System INTERFYS 1.0 which has just been realized and was presented on the CeBIT 1998 in Hanover.
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    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 434-441 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the use of shared semantics information to link concepts in an organizational memory to e-mail communications. E-mail is by far the dominant business application of the Internet, yet the use of e-mail relies on a number of assumptions regarding the effectiveness of interpersonal communications. One of these assumptions is that of common meaning or shared semantics. Assuming shared semantics in electronic communications can lead to a breakdown in communication, and the very managerial improvements that e-mail is intended to foster can be negated by the resultant lack of understanding. In this paper how shared semantics are created, maintained, and used to enhance e-mail communications is discussed. A framework for determining shared semantics based on organizational and personal user profiles is presented. How shared semantics are used by the HyperMail system to help link OM content to e-mail messages is illustrated.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 4-5 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Outlines the development of National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) in the petroleum industry. In recent years in this industry a number of clear trends have emerged. There was therefore a call for the development of a number of NVQs with relevance to particular areas of the industry. As a result NVQs were established covering occupations such as bulk liquid warehousing, refinery process operation, oil boiler installation and maintenance and forecourt management. The NVQ consists of five separate units and is designed to cover all aspects of lubricant manufacture.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 6-15 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Focuses on oleochemicals, a natural alternative to mineral oils for use in liquid lubricants, metal working coolants, quenchants and hydraulic fluids. Natural oil based products generally have many advantages over mineral oils, including lower volatility, better inherent lubricity, higher viscosity index, higher bulk modulus, better fire resistance and better solvency. Details the manufacturing process.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 61-71 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Lubricants for four-stroke motorcycles have traditionally been rebranded versions of those used for passenger car engine lubrication. Recent developments in passenger car engine oils with the intention of improving fuel utilisation efficiencies were not compatible with some of the specific requirements of four-stroke motorcycle powertrain lubrication. The effect of using such lubricants on the various components of the motorcycle powertrain, including the engine, clutch, gearbox, starter system drive and back torque limiter is described. The subsequent development of a new specification specifically for use in four-stroke motorcycles is described.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 119-122 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary of an International Symposium entitled "The European Downstream Industry: A Vision for 2010", organised jointly by AFTP (French Association of Petroleum Technicians and Professionals), IP (Institute of Petroleum) and DGMK (German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and Technology), recently held in Paris. Summarises a presentation of particular interest by J. Davidson. (Mobil Europe Lubricants nv) and R.B. LaPierre (Mobil Technology Company).
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 108-118 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Problems associated with inadequate fuel lubricity were identified in the aeronautical industry in the 1960s, following a succession of in-flight engine failures. The influence of fuel composition upon fuel lubricity was established, as was the effect of various lubricity additives. Problems associated with inadequate fuel lubricity were also subsequently identified in light-duty diesel engines when low-sulphur fuel was introduced. Again, the use of additives or modifications to the refining process overcame the problem at the time, but the continuing trend towards higher injection pressures may require further improvements in current fuel lubricity. The manufacture and use of biodiesel is described, together with the attendant benefits, including use as a lubricity additive in conventional diesel fuel, also disadvantages. The imminent introduction of direct-injection gasoline passenger car engines has now focused attention on the lubricity of gasoline, which is again likely to become a key issue. Two standardised test procedures for the measurement of fuel lubricities are described.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Some of the mechanisms involved in the microbial colonisation and biodeterioration of metalworking fluids are described in an attempt to design a more realistic and meaningful laboratory assay procedure. The history of bioassay techniques is reviewed and the nature and composition of metalworking fluids is examined. Maximisation of the performance of biocides against micro-organisms and the influence of tramp oil contamination is assessed.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 149-152 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Suggests that a very low volume of lubricant is enough to improve the cutting operation because the area that requires lubrication is small. An estimate of the volume of lubricant necessary has been carried out (7.2ml h-1) and some comments are presented about results of previous experiments using extremely low volumes of lubricant (108ml h-1). The low volume of lubricant is applied in the same way as the conventional system. In these previous experiments the effect of lubrication is measured by surface finish, cutting force and workpiece temperature. The improvement in surface finish when low volume of lubricant is applied is similar to the results obtained with tests carried out using the conventional cutting fluid system. This improvement is not due to lubrication on the rake face to avoid built-up edge, but action on the machined surface after it has been formed.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 157-160 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Deals with the tribological behaviour of some ferrous, non-ferrous and polymeric materials, used for various applications in machine tools in dry conditions and when using solid lubricants, and the development of an empirical relationship of wear and friction dependent on influencing parameters. Some "Iso-Wear" curves have also been plotted for the purpose of obtaining values of the parameters and their treatment combination for a specific wear rate.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 206-225 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Crankcase lubricants for automotive and commercial use are differentiated by their physico-chemical properties but more importantly by their performance in a series of engine test sequences. The sequences are devised by committees formed by representatives from the vehicle manufacturers, the oil companies and the additive suppliers. The article describes the sequences devised by the American Petroleum Institute and the European ACEA organisations, including some historical background as well as the current specifications. Methods of compliance monitoring and enforcement are also covered.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 278-281 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The various types and application of bonded coatings are described, and their ability to reduce friction and wear. The composition and nature of the active ingredients are also covered, together with brief details of manufacturing processes. Examples are given of typical current application areas, although the potential of these types of coatings is such that the number of new applications is escalating rapidly.
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    Industrial lubrication & tribology 50 (1998), S. 282-289 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Despite their outstanding combination of properties, titanium and its alloys are very susceptible to severe adhesive wear in rubbing with almost all the engineering surfaces and can exhibit poor corrosion resistance in some aggressive environments. Surface engineering research centred at the University of Birmingham has been focused on creating designed surfaces for titanium components. Great progress has been made recently through the development of such novel surface engineering techniques as thermal oxidation, palladium-treated thermal oxidation, oxygen diffusion and duplex systems. Such advances thus provide scope for designing titanium components for a diversified range of engineering applications, usually as direct replacements for steel components. By way of example, some of our successful steps towards titanium designed surfaces are demonstrated. To date, the potential of these novel techniques has been realised first in auto-sport and off-shore industries.
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  • 71
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 6-9 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper considers how the throughput of the component assembly process can be maximised by the use of software tools. Optimum results are achieved if the tools provide an automatic, detailed analysis of the assembly process while providing the engineer with the opportunity to use his experience to further enhance any automatically generated results. The tools must consider the assembly process as a whole, rather than each stage in the process independently, in order to gain maximum benefit. Finally, the tools must be flexible enough to be able to perform an accurate analysis for all assembly environments.
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 10-12 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The microstructure of the Sn-3.5wt%Ag/Cu and Sn-9.0wt%Zn/Cu interfaces after soldering at 250°C was evaluated. The cross-sections were investigated using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray to determine the interface layer structure and composition. Even though the cooling rate from soldering temperature to room temperature is rapid, this study indicates that the intermetallic compound is formed at the interface between the solder and the copper substrate for both the Sn-3.5wt%Ag and the Sn-9.0wt%Zn lead-free solders.
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 13-18 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes a technique for the monitoring and control of the reflow soldering process. The technique combines state-of-the-art infra-red (IR) sensor technology, coupled with application-specific process monitoring and control software, providing a unique capability both to monitor product temperatures during processing and to modify the process settings. The development of techniques to allow variation of the heat transfer from the oven to the in-process printed circuit assemblies (PCAs) provides the means to adjust the soldering oven's process settings for each individual PCA. This automatic profiling ensures consistent thermal histories and optimises oven energy consumption. Archiving of the reflow profiles along with temperatures recorded for each PCA provides full traceability to the reflow process settings for each individual PCA. The incorporation of IR sensing technology also provides a means to monitor the performance of the process.
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In recent years, efforts to develop alternatives to lead-based solders have increased dramatically. These efforts began as a response to potential legislation and regulations restricting lead usage in the electronics industry. Lead is extremely toxic when inhaled or ingested. As researchers began to focus on Pb-free solders, they recognized their value in high temperature applications (e.g. automotive manufacturing) where Sn/Pb solders do not meet the requirements. There are many factors to consider when developing lead-free alloys: manufacturability, availability, reliability, cost and environmental safety. Of these, the most challenging and time consuming is the reliability of alternative solders. The lead-free alloys available cannot be used as a drop-in replacement for the SnPb or SnPbAg. The introduction of lead-free solder alloys may mean having to use alternative component and PCB metallizations, PCB materials, solder fluxes, etc.
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 26-31 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computational model was established in this study to simulate cavity-down plastic ball grid array (PBGA) assemblies. Stress analysis was performed to investigate the solder joint reliability of a PBGA-PCB (printed circuit board) assembly. The packages under investigation had two different body sizes and two kinds of ball population. The diagonal cross-section of the assembly was modeled by plane-strain elements and was subjected to a uniform thermal loading. The solder joints were stressed due to the mismatch of the assembly's coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The accumulated effective plastic strain was evaluated as an index for the reliability of solder joints. Effects on solder joint reliability such as package size and ball population were identified. Furthermore, it was found that, unlike conventional PBGA assemblies, the outermost solder ball has the highest plastic strain for all cases in the present study. This peculiar phenomenon was further discussed with the consideration of package deformation.
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  • 76
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 10 (1998), S. 305-312 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The buckling behaviour of engineering materials has been researched extensively since the 1890s and more recently, thin shell theory has generalised the analysis to include complicated boundary conditions. However, the approximations and assumptions which form the basis of engineering models make them inappropriate for textile materials. Very small stresses on textile materials cause extremely large strains so that the deformations are highly nonlinear. In this paper, we develop a nonlinear mathematical method. In the final section, the nonlinear differential equations used are generalised into a nonlinear evolution equation which is completely integrable and thus solved analytically obtaining dynamical solution for three-dimensional fabric drape. These analytical solutions are applicable under all conditions and are not subject to computational difficulties associated with finding numerical solutions for highly nonlinear problems. The use of this analytical approach to fabric mechanics and dynamics provides us with a very powerful tool to formulate and solve many long-standing problems in fabric and clothing technology.
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 10 (1998), S. 263-272 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Engineered manufacturing of high quality garments has long been a target of textile technology. There are three main factors for manufacturing high quality garments. They are: the selection of good fabrics for the garments; the process control of garment manufacturing; and the performance and correct adjustment of manufacturing machines such as sewing machines. In recent years, objective evaluation technology of fabric quality has been developed, and many researchers are now moving toward the engineered design of fabric quality based on this objective evaluation technology. The present authors are also conducting research on these three factors on the basis of the development of objective evaluation technology. This paper consists of two parts. The first part is a brief introduction about the investigation of the first and the second factors, which have been investigated by the authors. The second part presents our recent research on seam pucker problems. This problem is a machine-materials interaction problem, and the mechanical properties of sewing thread and fabric are closely connected in this problem.
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  • 78
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 124-139 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Multiview was defined in 1985 and has been since refined to become an influential approach to information systems development. It has soft and hard aspects and, as a contingency approach, is not prescriptive but adapted to the particular situation in the organization and the application. Observations and reflections on Multiview in action over the last ten years together with more recent literature based on, for example, holism, emergence, multi-causality, ethical analysis and technology foresight, form the basis for a new definition of Multiview. Changes in the domain of information systems are also taken into account. Away from centralized technology, long lead times and hierarchical organizations, towards networks, new organizational forms, business processes, informational products and services, and the removal of time and space constraints on human activity. This paper underlines the need for IS researchers to learn about methodologies as they are used in practice (rather than as described in text books) and for methodologies to evolve in response to changes in the domain in which they are applied.
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 104-123 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: A survey of senior and influential IT managers explored the related questions of why some senior IT professionals perceive organisational issues to be more important than technical issues, and whether this has a concomitant impact on the treatment of organisational issues. An overall response rate of 63 per cent was achieved from a combined survey of two distinct groups. The results show that there are significant differences in managers' perceptions about the importance of organisational issues which can, to some extent, be explained in terms of organisational size, and to a lesser extent by the favoured development approach. However, these differences in perception appear to have no identifiable relation to the significant differences in the approaches adopted for treating organisational issues. It is suggested that this is due to the difficulties in treating such issues and further research to resolve these difficulties is proposed.
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 235-260 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The popularity and explosive growth of the Internet during the past few years have convinced many countries to take a closer look at its potential for aiding economic development. The existing literature presents an aggregate story of success, but the ways in which different countries are adopting these new technologies have received little critical attention. This empirical study of four Latin American countries - Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Peru - delineates a five-phase development process during which each country sustained the momentum of its evolving strategy, grew in competence to forge technological solutions, and gained access to the Internet. The four countries' original goals changed over time, but through experience they perceived new opportunities and established evolving Internet strategies that form the bases of new technological services provided at the national level.
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 338-350 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article focuses on some of the implications of Heidegger's pragmatism for information technology analysis and critique. I survey Heidegger's transformation of Enlightenment notions such as identity, proximity, community, disembodiment, pattern, representation and utopia to the phenomenological concepts of Dasein, care, being-with, corporality, praxis, disclosure and the not-yet. Each of these concepts return us to the issue of practice.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 27-42 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The integral transform method is employed for the hybrid numerical-analytical solution of two-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction within extended surfaces of variable longitudinal profile and temperature dependent thermal conductivity. Numerical results are then obtainable with automatic accuracy, allowing for the establishment of benchmark results and for the validation of approximate solutions. Convergence rates are illustrated for longitudinal fins with trapezoidal and parabolic profiles, and for different values of the governing parameters, Biot number and aspect ratio. In addition, the classical one-dimensional approximate solutions are critically examined for these typical non-straight profiles, and the applicability limits are investigated.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 83-96 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Using a non-Fourier heat conduction (NFHC) hypothesis, the governing equations of thermal wave propagation are established. The resulting differential equations are transformed to integral forms using the Galerkin weighted residual method and then are discretized by a finite element technique. The proposed finite element formulation is verified by comparing the results of analytical and numerical solutions to a number of selected 1-D problems. A couple of 2-D sample problems are solved and the responses of the system to various input signals are studied. The proposed mixed approach shows superiority to the conventional finite element solution of hyperbolic heat conduction equation, because of the simultaneous determination of heat fluxes and temperature at each nodal point. The mixed approach is also shown to be capable of capturing the sudden temperature jump due to heat pulses.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 118-141 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present investigation is an extension of the authors' previous work on ducts with different cross sections. It concerns application of turbulence models for forced convective heat transfer in three-dimensional corrugated or wavy ducts. Different wavy ducts with fully developed flow and temperature fields are considered. The numerical approach is based on the finite volume technique with a non-staggered grid arrangement. For handling the pressure-velocity coupling the SIMPLEC-algorithm is used. Cyclic boundary conditions are imposed in the main flow direction to achieve fully developed conditions. The non-linear k-e model of Speziale with wall functions is used to calculate the turbulent stresses. The simple eddy diffusivity concept is applied to calculate the heat fluxes, but the GGDH and the WET methods are also used in some cases. The influence of the geometry parameters and comparison between different ducts are presented in terms of the friction factor and average Nusselt number. In particular the secondary velocity field and the cross sectional temperature distributions are investigated.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Photothermal technique provides a convenient means for detecting the change in pulse-induced thermal radiation emission from a single spherical particle. The change in the emitted blackbody radiation is determined by the change in the surface temperature of the particle which in turn can be derived from heat conduction equation. Numerical solution to the heat conduction equation for a single spherical particle model on thermally bad conducting samples is derived and compared with a relatively simple analytical solution. Some results for particles of interest are discussed.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 245-255 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flow inside an axisymmetric diffuser with a curved surface centre body is numerically simulated using different turbulence models, namely a high-Reynolds number k-e in conjunction with wall function turbulence model, a high-Reynolds number k-e with one-equation turbulence model, a low-Reynolds number k-e turbulence model, a RNG turbulence model and an anisotropic turbulence model. For the separation and reattachment positions, the comparisons made between the various numerical predictions and experimental measurements show that the high-Reynolds number k-e with one-equation turbulence model is superior to other models in the present study.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 304-320 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The discretisation scheme presented for an unstructured triangular grid, is able to reflect the physical properties of stationary, nonlinear heat conduction even in the numerical case and leads to a stabilisation of iterative solution techniques for nonlinearities.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 321-349 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computational methodology, based on the coupling of the finite element and boundary element methods, is developed for the solution of magnetothermal problems. The finite element formulation and boundary element formulation, along with their coupling, are discussed. The coupling procedure is also presented, which entails the application of the LU decomposition to eliminate the need for the direct inversion of matrices resulting from FE-BE formulation, thereby saving computation time and storage space. Corners for both FE-BE interface and BE regions, where discontinuous fluxes exist, are treated using the double flux concept. Numerical results are presented for three different systems and compared with analytical solutions when available. Numerical experiments suggest that for magnetothermal problems involving small skin depths, a careful mesh distribution is critical for accurate prediction of the field variables of interest. It is found that the accuracy of the temperature distribution is strongly dependent upon that of the magnetic vector potential. A small error in the magnetic vector potential can produce significant errors in the subsequent temperature calculations. Thus, particular attention must be paid to the design of a suitable mesh for the accurate prediction of vector potentials. From all the cases examined, 4-node linear elements with adequate progressive coarsening of meshes from the surface gave the results with best accuracy.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 424-444 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The multi-domain generalized differential quadrature method is applied in this paper to simulate the flows in Czochralski crystal growth. The effect of interface treatment on the numerical solution is studied through four types of interface approximations. The performance of those four interface approximations is validated by a benchmark problem suggested by Wheeler. It is demonstrated in this study that the multi-domain GDQ approach is an efficient method which can obtain accurate numerical solutions by using very few grid points, and the overlapped interface approximation provides the most accurate numerical results.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 488-503 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper utilizes a boundary-layer model in bipolar coordinates to study the developing laminar free convection in vertical open-ended eccentric annuli with one of the boundaries uniformly heated while the other boundary is cooled and kept isothermal at the ambient temperature. This model has been solved numerically using finite-difference techniques. Results not available in the literature are presented for a fluid of Prandtl number 0.7 in an annulus of radius ratio 0.5 for three values of the dimensionless eccentricity, namely, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.7. These results include the developing velocity profiles and the pressure along the annulus, the channel heights required to naturally induce different flow rates and the variation of the total heat absorbed by the fluid with the channel height.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 504-518 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A boundary layer solution is presented to the steady free convection from a vertical plate with uniform surface heat flux conditions and immersed in a micropolar fluid. Numerical solutions for governing nonsimilar boundary layer equations are presented for a range of values of the material properties and Prandtl number of the fluid. An asymptotic solution is developed for large distances away from the leading edge.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 559-589 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical results generated by a highly efficient finite-difference method (originated by Keller for aerodynamical flows at the California Institute of Technology in 1970), and a robust double shooting Runge-Kutta-Merson scheme are presented for the boundary layer equations representing the convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past a hot vertical flat plate embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium. Viscous dissipation due to mechanical work is included in the temperature field equation. The computations for both solution techniques are compared at the leading edge (? = 0.0) and found to be in excellent agreement. The effects of the viscous heating parameter (Ec), thermal conductivity ratio (?) and a Darcy porous parameter (Re/GrDa) on the fluid velocities, temperatures, local shear stress and wall heat transfer rate are discussed with applications to geothermal and industrial flows.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 689-702 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The natural two-dimensional convection taking place between horizontal concentric cylinders filled with a satured anisotropic porous medium is studied numerically. The anisotropy concerns exclusively the permeability. Isothermal boundary conditions are applied on both inner and outer boundaries, with the outer boundary being warmer. The effects of the anisotropic permeability ratio K*, of the orientation angle of the principal axes defined by ?, and of the Rayleigh number Ra* on the flow and heat transfer are investigated. Results indicate that a net circulating flow around the annulus is generated, except for values of ? that preserve the symmetry of flow conditions with respect to the vertical diameter. It is also shown that the anisotropic part of the resistivity tensor is equivalent to a magnetic resistivity tensor.
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    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 768-780 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A direct numerical simulation code with cylindrical geometry has been developed. A direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an impinging round jet into parallel disks is performed for a Reynolds number of 10,000 based on the nozzle exit velocity and the nozzle diameter (D). Mean flow variables, turbulent intensity, pressure distribution and turbulent kinetic energy budgets are obtained at various radial locations. The present DNS results are in fairly good agreement with the two-dimensional PTV measurements by Nishino and co-workers in 1996. Some flow features of this impinging round jet regarding a turbulent transition process are discussed.
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 14-18 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recently several low-cost alternatives for flip-chip interconnection technology have been investigated. The scope of this paper is a reliability study of flip-chip assemblies on various substrates (mainly FR4). The deterioration (characterised by the electrical resistance) of isotropically conductive adhesive and of solder (63Sn37Pb, 96.5Sn3.5Ag) bumps caused by both thermal cycling and thermal shock will be described. These investigations confirm that in the low-cost flip-chip technology there is practically no reliable bump interconnection without using an underfill material.
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 6-13 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Solder materials are used to provide a connection between electronic components and printed circuit boards (PCBs) using either the reflow or wave soldering process. As a board assembly passes through a reflow furnace the solder (initially in the form of solder paste) melts, reflows, then solidifies, and finally deforms between the chip and board. A number of defects may occur during this process such as flux entrapment, void formation, and cracking of the joint, chip or board. These defects are a serious concern to industry, especially with trends towards increasing component miniaturisation and smaller pitch sizes. This paper presents a modelling methodology for predicting solder joint shape, solidification, and deformation (stress) during the assembly process.
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    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Dealing with forming and tinning in a low-volume high-reliability environment is a never-ending challenge. This process is one of the most critical steps in SMT fabrication. The effects of forming and tinning contribute to a majority of the defects found at final inspection. The intention of this paper is to describe in detail the forming and tinning process and all that it entails. The topics include: forming, tinning, converting to an automated process, process control techniques, and statistical process capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In flip-chip interconnection on organic substrates using eutectic tin/lead solder bumps, a highly reliable under bump metallurgy (UBM) is required to maintain adhesion and solder wettability. Various UBM systems such as 1µm Al/0.2µm Ti/5µm Cu, 1µm Al/02µm Ti/1µm Cu, 1µm Al/0.2µm Ni/1µm Cu and 1µm Al/0.2µm Pd/1µm Cu, applied under eutectic tin/lead solder bumps, have been investigated with regard to their interfacial reactions and adhesion properties. The effects of the number of solder reflow cycles and the aging time on the growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and on the solder ball shear strength were investigated. Good ball shear strength was obtained with 1µm Al/0.2µm Ti5µm Cu and 1µm Al/0.2µm Ni/1µm Cu even after four solder reflows or seven-day aging at 1508C. In contrast, 1µm Al/0.2µm Ti/1µm Cu and 1µm Al/0.2µm Pd/1µm Cu showed poor ball shear strength. The decrease of the shear strength was mainly due to the direct contact between solder and non-wettable metals such as Ti and AL, resulting in a delamination. In this case, thin 1µm Cu and 0.2µm Pd diffusion barrier layers were completely consumed by Cu-Sn and Pd-Sn reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 10 (1998), S. 11-20 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to perform a contrast study on the technologies and contributions of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) being in use in apparel and metal cutting/removal industries. Some significant differences in the technologies and operational characteristics of existing FMS in the soft-goods apparel industry and in the hard-goods metal working industry are identified. Detailed discussions on interesting comparable contributions of FMS at various dimensions such as quality, productivity, flexibility, etc., are also presented. Recommendations for future research are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 10 (1998), S. 21-37 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Assembly line balancing problems that occur in real world situations are dynamic and are fraught with various sources of uncertainties such as the performance of workers and the breakdown of machinery. This is especially true in the clothing industry. The problem cannot normally be solved deterministically using existing techniques. Recent advances in computing technology, especially in the area of computational intelligence, however, can be used to alleviate this problem. For example, some techniques in this area can be used to restrict the search space in a combinatorial problem, thus opening up the possibility of obtaining better results. Among the different computational intelligence techniques, genetic algorithms (GA) is particularly suitable. GAs are probabilistic search methods that employ a search technique based on ideas from natural genetics and evolutionary principles. In this paper, we present the details of a GA and discuss the main characteristics of an assembly line balancing problem that is typical in the clothing industry. We explain how such problems can be formulated for genetic algorithms to solve. To evaluate the appropriateness of the technique, we have carried out some experiments. Our results show that the GA approach performs much better than the use of a greedy algorithm, which is used by many factory supervisors to tackle the assembly line balancing problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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