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  • stability
  • Springer  (28)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • 1990-1994  (28)
  • 1990  (28)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (28)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (28)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleich der biologischen Aktivität und Stabilität von Menadion und Menadiol bei Hühnerküken (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Vitamin K ; Menadion ; Menadiol ; Bioverfügbarkeit ; Stabilität ; Geflügel ; vitamin K ; menadione ; menadiol ; bioavailability ; stability ; poultry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A bioassay of vitamin K is described, based on the prothrombin clotting time of 3-week-old, vitamin-K-depleted, and cumatetralyl-sensitized male broiler chicks, using a homologous thrombokinase preparation. With this test it could be shown that the diacetate and dibutyrate esters of menadiol are vitamin-K-active. The bioactivity of menadione from these menadiolesters amounted to about 70 % of the standard menadione from a coated menadione sodium bisulfite (Dohyfral). Menadiol seems to be temperature-resistant under such conditions, whereby two uncoated MSB preparations lost about 60 % of their activity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem biologischen Testverfahren an Cumatetralyl sensibilisierten Küken konnte in 3 Versuchen anhand des Parameters Thromboplastinzeit mit homologer Thrombokinase gezeigt werden, da\ Menadioldiacetat und Menadioldibutyrat Vitamin-K-wirksam sind. Die biologische Wirksamkeit von Menadion aus diesen Menadiolestern betrug ca. 70 % der Menadionaktivität aus gecoatetem Menadionbisulfit (Dohyfral®). Im Gegensatz zu 2 ungeschützten MSB-Präparationen, welche bei Wärmebelastung ca. 60 % ihrer ursprünglichen Wirkung verloren, waren die Menadiolester temperaturstabil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023079
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A bifurcation analysis of the nonlinear parametric programming problem (1990)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 47 (1990), S. 117-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Bifurcation ; singularity ; parametric programming ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of solutions to the nonlinear parametric programming problem with a one dimensional parameter is analyzed in terms of the bifurcation behavior of the curves of critical points and the persistence of minima along these curves. Changes in the structure of the solution occur at singularities of a nonlinear system of equations motivated by the Fritz John first-order necessary conditions. It has been shown that these singularities may be completely partitioned into seven distinct classes based upon the violation of one or more of the following: a complementarity condition, a constraint qualification, and the nonsingularity of the Hessian of the Lagrangian on a tangent space. To apply classical bifurcation techniques to these singularities, a further subdivision of each case is necessary. The structure of curves of critical points near singularities of lowest (zero) codimension within each case is analyzed, as well as the persistence of minima along curves emanating from these singularities. Bifurcation behavior is also investigated or discussed for many of the subcases giving rise to a codimension one singularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580856
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    The spectral accuracy of a fully-discrete scheme for a nonlinear third order equation (1990)
    Springer
    Computing 44 (1990), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65M10 ; Spectral method ; stability ; stability threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur numerischen Lösung einer nichtlinearen Differentialgleichung dritter Ordnung, herrührend aus einem Strömungsproblem bei Gasteilchen, wird ein zeitdiskreter Pseudo-spektral-Algorithmus vorgeschlagen. Stabilität und Konvergenz des neuen Differenzenverfahrens werden analysiert. Numerische Vergleiche mit bestehenden Differenzenschemata sprechen klar zugunsten des neuen Verfahrens.
    Notes: Abstract A time-discrete pseudospectral algorithm is suggested for the numerical solution of a nonlinear third order equation arising in fluidization. The nonlinear stability and convergence of the new scheme are analyzed. Numerical comparisons with available finite-difference methods are also reported which clearly indicate the superiority of the new scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Bifurcations in parametric nonlinear programming (1990)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 27 (1990), S. 343-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Bifurcation ; singularities ; continuation ; parametric nonlinear programming ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Bifurcation and continuation techniques are introduced as a class of methods for investigating the parametric nonlinear programming problem. Motivated by the Fritz John first-order necessary conditions, the parametric programming problem is first reformulated as a closed system of nonlinear equations which contains all Karush-Kuhn-Tucker and Fritz John points, both feasible and infeasible solutions, and relative minima, maxima, and saddle points. Since changes in the structure of the solution set and critical point type can occur only at singularities, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a singularity are developed in terms of the loss of a complementarity condition, the linear dependence constraint qualification, and the singularity of the Hessian of the Lagrangian on a tangent space. After a brief introduction to elementary bifurcation theory, some simple singularities in this parametric problem are analyzed for both branching and persistence of local minima. Finally, a brief introduction to numerical continuation and bifurcation procedures is given to indicate how these facts can be used in a numerical investigation of the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055201
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Queues with service times and interarrival times depending linearly and randomly upon waiting times (1990)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 6 (1990), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Keywords: State-dependent service and interarrival times ; Lindley equation ; recursive stochastic equations ; stability ; stochastic comparisons ; normal approximations ; scheduling arrivals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We consider a modification of the standardG/G/1 queue with unlimited waiting space and the first-in first-out discipline in which the service times and interarrival times depend linearly and randomly on the waiting times. In this model the waiting times satisfy a modified version of the classical Lindley recursion. We determine when the waiting-time distributions converge to a proper limit and we develop approximations for this steady-state limit, primarily by applying previous results of Vervaat [21] and Brandt [4] for the unrestricted recursionY n+1=C n Y n +X n . Particularly appealing for applications is a normal approximation for the stationary waiting time distribution in the case when the queue only rarely becomes empty. We also consider the problem of scheduling successive interarrival times at arrival epochs, with the objective of achieving nearly maximal throughput with nearly bounded waiting times, while making the interarrival time sequence relatively smooth. We identify policies depending linearly and deterministically upon the work in the system which meet these objectives reasonably well; with these policies the waiting times are approximately contained in a specified interval a specified fraction of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411482
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Netwon interpolation at Leja points (1990)
    Springer
    BIT 30 (1990), S. 332-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: 65D05 ; polynomial interpolaton ; Newton form ; stability ; Leja points ; ordering of interpolation points
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Newton form is a convenient representation for interpolation polynomials. Its sensitivity to perturbations depends on the distribution and ordering of the interpolation points. The present paper bounds the growth of the condition number of the Newton form when the interpolation points are Leja points for fairly general compact sets K in the complex plane. Because the Leja points are defined recursively, they are attractive to use with the Newton form. If K is an interval, then the Leja points are distributed roughly like Chebyshev points. Our investigation of the Newton form defined by interpolation at Leja points suggests an ordering scheme for arbitrary interpolation points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02017352
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Sur l'instabilite de certaines positions d'equilibre relatif dans le probleme des n corps (1990)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 49 (1990), S. 219-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Keywords: n-body problem ; stability ; relative equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We prove in this paper the instability, for all n ⩾ 4, of the configurations of relative equilibrium in the n-body problem where the n bodies submitted to newtonian mutual attractions are at the vertices of a regular polypon with n sides. For this proof we show that the equations of variations projected to the n bodies plan P have at least two conjugate characteristic exponents with a strictly positive real part; while these equations projected to an orthogonal axis to P have some solutions with secular terms.
    Notes: Resumé On démontre dans cet article l'instabilité, pour tout n ⩾ 4, des configurations d'équilibre relatif dans le problème des n corps, oú les n corps soumises aux attractions newtonniennes mutuelles se trouvent aux sommets d'un polygone régulier de n cotés. La preuve consiste à montrer que les équations aux variations, projetées sur le plan P des n corps, possèdent au moins deux exposants caractéristiques complexes connugués dont la parr'e réelle est strictement positive; alors que ces equations projetées sur un axe orthogonal à P possèdent des solutions ayant des termes séculaires.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049414
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of solar sails with a non-point source of radiation pressure (1990)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 49 (1990), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Keywords: Solar sails ; radiation pressure ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The form of the solar radiation pressure on a heliocentric orbiting solar sail is obtained for a finite angular sized and limb darkened solar disk by the use of the radiation pressure tensor. It is found that the usual inverse square variation of the solar radiation pressure is modified by the finite angular size, and to a lesser extent by the solar limb darkening. The actual magnitude of the modification is in itself small, except at close heliocentric distances. However, its existence has implications for the dynamical stability of solar sails both in parked and circular orbital configurations and for the accuracy of trajectory calculations, particularly for sails in the inner solar system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049416
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    The influence of a flood event on phytoplankton succession (1990)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 52 (1990), S. 330-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Flood ; phytoplankton succession ; reversion ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the August 1987 River Reuss flood event on the phytoplankton biocoenosis in Lake Uri (Urnersee, part of Lake Lucerne, Switzerland) was investigated firstly by comparing biological, chemical and physical data sampled before the event with equivalent data sampled after the event; and secondly by comparing the phytoplankton succession in 1987 with that occurring in the “floodfree” year 1989. As a consequence of the flood, the physical and chemical environment of the phytoplankton was found to have undergone a change which resulted in an alteration in the composition of the phytoplankton community. The phytoplankton community existing previous to the flood event, which had been dominated byTabellaria fenestrata sensu Husted 1930 (K-strategist), was replaced by a biocoenosis characterized mainly by various species of flagellates, which represent a typical spring successional stage (r-strategists). After the externally-imposed perturbation, the return to stable physical and chemical conditions was followed by the re-establishment of the successional stage which had existed before the flood (termed “reversion” by Reynolds, 1980).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879761
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Robust pole assignment for incomplete nonlinear decoupling applied to robots (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 3 (1990), S. 259-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Nonlinear decoupling ; feedback linearization ; functional analysis ; elastic robots ; robustness ; stability ; pole assignment ; nonlinear systems ; robot control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A robustness analysis and synthesis for incomplete nonlinear decoupling for a class of nonlinear systems is discussed. Rigid and elastic-joint robot models belong to this class. For the elastic case, a transformation facilitates the robustness analysis under a weak assumption. Charts with H 1- and H ∞- norms of closed-loop disturbance transfer functions of the nonlinear-decoupled system are presented for a robust pole assignment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126073
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Chemical marker from silk ofYponomeuta cagnagellus (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2203-2216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Yponomeuta cagnagellus ; caterpillars ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; trail following ; chemical marker ; trail pheromone ; stability ; pheromone secretory site
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trail following in lepidopterous larvae is often attributed to chemical markers, but only a few clear-cut examples are found in the literature. In this paper evidence is presented for a chemical basis of the trail following behaviour ofYponomeuta cagnagellus. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) The marker is shown to be very persistent under laboratory conditions and is water soluble. Several possible secretory sites were investigated, and it is concluded that the marker is probably secreted together with the silk from the labial gland. Problems associated with the demonstration of trail markers in caterpillars are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026931
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    The delay of transition of a laminar boundary layer over compliant wall (1990)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica Sinica 6 (1990), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-3116
    Keywords: transition ; compliant wall ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a previous paper[1], a method has been developed to study the stability characteristics of laminar boundary layers over compliant walls. In this paper, the effect of double layered compliant wall and Kramer type compliant wall on delaying the transition is investigated, and it is shown that there does exist the possibility to delay the transition by applying such compliant walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02488453
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  • 13
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    Heterosis in rice hybrids (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: hybrid rice ; cytoplasmic genetic male sterile line ; fertility restorer ; heterosis ; heterobeltiosis ; standard heterosis ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary One hundred and thirtysix hybrids were developed utilizing four cytoplasmic genetic male sterile lines (V 20A, Zhen Shan 97A, IR 46829A and IR 46830A) and 34 effective restorers. Heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were found to be significant for grain yield and other yield attributing characters in most of the hybrids. The heterosis for grain yield was mainly due to the significant heterosis for the number of spikelets per panicle, test weight and total dry matter accumulation. Interestingly, it was found that most of the higher yielding hybrids were accompanied by significant negative heterosis for harvest index. Hybrids shorter than the shortest parent and earlier than the earliest parent were not observed; hybrids with intermediate to tall plant height having nonlodging habit could be developed. Eighteen hybrids gave more than 20% grain yield than the standard checks. These were evaluated for their stable and consistent yield performance over four seasons. The results on analysis for stability parameters indicated that the hybrids V 20A × Himdhan and Zhen Shan 97A × Mahsuri were stable over environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036295
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  • 14
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    An approach to determining the ecological effects of seaweed harvesting: a summary (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 15-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: community ; disturbance ; harvesting ; population ; recruitment ; seaweed ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040209
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  • 15
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    Effects of estuarine infauna on sediment stability and particle sedimentation (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 190 (1990), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Sediments ; stability ; sedimentation ; infauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Secretions produced by the two estuarine benthic invertebrates Corophium volutator and Nereis diversicolor stabilise sediments by increasing their shear strength, and reduce sedimentation of previously resuspended particles. The secretions consist of 1 to 2 μm threads which bind the particles together. They are used by both species in the production of complex burrow systems in the top 15 cm of sediment. The burrow systems have been demonstrated by a new resin impregnation technique. These results have widespread implications for the stability and erosion of estuarine sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008194
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  • 16
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    An example of nonlinear toxic mass spreading (1990)
    Springer
    Flow, turbulence and combustion 47 (1990), S. 323-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1987
    Keywords: toxic mass spreading ; stability ; bifurcation ; propagation of front
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A one-dimensional, nonlinear problem of reproductive toxic mass spreading is studied in this paper. The nonlinearity is due to the difference of the reproduction rates in the toxic region and the nontoxic region. Multiple steady state solutions are found and their stability and instability are proved. Due to the instability, there may exist turning points (also called saddle-node bifurcation points), at which an infinitesimal perturbation of some parameters may cause a catastrophic change in the location of the steady state toxic front (the interface of the toxic region and the nontoxic region). For the time dependent case, the propagation of the toxic front is considered. An integral equation is derived to determine the propagation of the toxic front. Some numerical results are found for a specific example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386242
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  • 17
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    Arbitrary normal stress data and a fluid of differential type (1990)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 29 (1990), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Fluid of differential type ; normal stresses ; thermodynamic consistency ; Trouton viscosity ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A fairly simple generalization of the grade 2 fluid is described. However, unlike the grade 2 fluid, this fluid of differential type can accomodate extremely general viscometric data and still be consistent with commonly held ideas of energy dissipation and stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01331804
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  • 18
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    On the stability of crystal growth (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 59 (1990), S. 73-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Crystal growth ; stability ; Markov process ; ergodicity ; transience ; null recurrence ; dynamic reversibility ; surface roughness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate properties of solid-on-solid models for crystal growth, involving general microscopic rates of capture of atoms by the crystal surface and of escape of atoms. The rates in this Markov process influence the stability of the growing surface. We prove, for various different ranges of the rate parameters, stability (i.e., ergodicity) and instability (i.e., nullity) of the growth process. Symmetry properties of the process, such as reversibility, dynamic reversibility, and reflection invariance, are proved or disproved under various conditions. We give a measure of surface smoothness that distinguishes between stable and unstable growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015564
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  • 19
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    Stability of linearly constrained convex quadratic programs (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 64 (1990), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Convex quadratic programming ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper establishes a simple necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of a linearly constrained convex quadratic program under perturbations of the linear part of the data, including the constraint matrix. It also establishes results on the continuity and differentiability of the optimal objective value of the program as a function of a parameter specifying the magnitude of the perturbation. The results established herein directly generalize well-known results on the stability of linear programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940021
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  • 20
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    On the boundedness and the stability properties of solution of certain fourth order differential equations (1990)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 11 (1990), S. 881-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: nonlinear differential equations of the four order ; boundedness ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates equation (1) in two cases: (i)P≡0, (ii)P(≠0) satisfies ¦P (t,x,y,z,w)¦⩽(A+¦y¦+¦z¦ + ¦w¦)q(t)., where q(t) is a nonnegative function of t. For case (i) the asymptotic stability in the large of the trivial solution x=0 is investigated and for case (ii) the boundedness result is obtained for solutions of equation (1) These results improve and include several well-known results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02014354
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  • 21
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    Stability of Gonadorelin and Triptorelin in Aqueous Solution (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 1253-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: gonadorelin ; triptorelin ; stability ; aqueous solution ; buffers ; pH–rate profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of pH, temperature, various buffer species at different concentrations, and ionic strength on the stability of gonadorelin and triptorelin in aqueous solution has been studied using stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. The degradation behavior of both peptides is similar. The maximum stability of both peptides was shown to be at an approximate pH of 5.0. Acetate has the most favorable effect on stability, while phosphate causes higher degradation. Varying the concentration of acetate buffer does not affect the degradation behavior of the peptides. A higher phosphate concentration in buffer solutions causes higher degradation, however. The ionic strength of buffer solutions has no significant influence on stability. Solutions of gonadorelin and triptorelin, respectively, buffered with acetate (0.1 M, pH 5.0) with 3% (w/v) mannitol as an additive show a predicted t 90% of 9.0 years and 7.7 years at 20°C, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015981704133
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  • 22
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    Drug-Excipient Incompatibility Studies of the Dipeptide Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Moexipril Hydrochloride: Dry Powder vs Wet Granulation (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 379-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: incompatibility screen ; moexipril ; stability ; solid state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The drug-excipient incompatibility screen for moexipril hydrochloride (1) using various isothermal stress methods is reported herein. It was found that most of the commonly used fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, and coating agents were incompatible with 1 in dry powder mixtures; moisture and basic (or alkalizing) agents were determined to be the dominant destabilizing factors. In wet granulations, basic agents, however, were found to suppress drug degradation even in the presence of moisture. Supported by the product distribution studies, the stabilization is proposed to involve the neutralization of the acidic drug by the basic excipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015871406549
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  • 23
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    Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Stability of Chitosan-Methotrexate Conjugates (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 418-421 
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    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: chitosan-methotrexate (CMTX) macromolecular conjugate ; drug delivery ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015887910184
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  • 24
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    Analytical Approaches to the Study of Monoclonal Antibody Stability (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 1234-1241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: monoclonal antibodies ; stability ; decomposition ; characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of two purified monoclonal antibodies, MN12 and WT31, was investigated. The monoclonal antibodies were incubated for 32 days at different pH values (ranging from 3.0 to 10.0) at 4 and 37°C. Various analytical methods were used to assess changes in physicochemical properties of the proteins. The monoclonal antibodies were more susceptible to degradation at 37°C than at 4°C. At low pH irreversible precipitation occurred. Decomposition of the proteins was enhanced at increasing pH values in the alkaline range. This was concluded from mouse IgG-specific and antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, flow cytometry, analytical gel permeation chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and immunoblotting. No substantial change in the apparent affinity constant of MN12 was observed, as determined by an affinity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fluorescence spectra, fluorescence polarization values, and fluorescence quenching parameters of MN12 and WT31 were not substantially affected, indicating that no major irreversible conformational changes had occurred. It was concluded that each of the techniques used has only limited value for stability assessment of monoclonal antibodies and, hence, that the application of several analytical techniques is essential to gain insight into monoclonal antibody stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015925519154
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Cyclodextrin Derivatives on Indomethacin Stability in Aqueous Solution (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 484-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: cyclodextrines ; cyclodextrin derivatives ; indomethacin ; stability ; 1H-NMR.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of various cyclodextrins (CD) and cyclodextrin derivatives on indomethacin stability in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, was investigated. The influence of CD-ring size, type of substituent, degree of substitution, substitution pattern, and influence of CD concentration were monitored. The indomethacin complex in solution was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy to develop a molecular inclusion model. The most favorable ring size for the stabilization of indomethacin was the β-CD. The β-CD derivatives inhibited the hydrolysis of indomethacin more effectively than the parent CD. Among the studied CD derivatives, those with lipophilic substituents, such as ethyl or methyl, were superior to those with hydrophilic substitutents. The more hydroxyl groups of the glucose moiety are substituted, the better is the stabilizing effect. Further, the p-chlorobenzoic part of the indomethacin molecule is included in the CD channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015860531565
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Stability of Pentostatin (NSC-218321), a Cytotoxic and Immunosuppressant Agent (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 452-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: pentostatin ; nucleoside ; hydrolysis ; pK a ; hairy cell leukemia ; immunosuppressant ; adenosine deaminase inhibitor ; stability ; formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pentostatin, an unusual nucleoside of natural origin, has been used for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, as an immunosuppressant agent, and as an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The studies of the physicochemical properties and solution stability of pentostatin (1) are important to the development of a parenteral formulation for extensive preclinical and clinical testing. Pentostatin displayed apparent pK a values at 25 ± 0.1°C and ionic strength of 0.15 M of 2.03 ± 0.03 and 5.57 ± 0.14 (spectrophotometric) and 5.50 ± 0.02 (potentiometric) for N1 and the amidine nitrogen in the seven-membered ring, respectively, which are the most likely protonation sites. The rates of degradation of pentostatin were determined as a function of pH, buffer concentration, and temperature. In the pH range 1.0–4.0, pentostatin undergoes acid-catalyzed glycosidic cleavage leading to the formation of the base compound, 2, and 2-deoxyribose. A carbonium ion mechanism in which C–N bond cleavage was the rate-determining step was consistent with the data. In the pH range 6.5–10.5, the imine bond at C5 position in pentostatin is hydrolyzed to form the corresponding formamide. Pentostatin hydrolysis in this pH range was independent of pH. At pH 〉11, pentostatin decomposes to nonchromophoric products probably through multiple-step base-catalyzed hydrolytic mechanisms. Pentostatin appears to be quite stable after reconstitution of a lyophilized experimental dosage form. Care must be taken if pentostatin is extensively diluted with 5% dextrose in water, as pentostatin stability is compromised at pH values less than 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015852329748
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized fractional programming: Optimality and duality theory (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 66 (1990), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Lagrangian functions ; optimal multipliers ; perturbation functions ; stability ; convexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The generalized fractional programming problem with a finite number of ratios in the objective is studied. Optimality and duality results are established, some with the help of an auxiliary problem and some directly. Convexity and stability of the auxiliary problem play a key role in the latter part of the paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940538
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regularization and stability of the constraints in the dynamics of multibody systems (1990)
    Springer
    Nonlinear dynamics 1 (1990), S. 459-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Keywords: Regularization ; stability ; constrained multibody systems ; dynamics of multibody systems ; non-holonomic ; singularity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In the analysis of multibody dynamics, we are often required to deal with singularity problems where the constraint Jacobian matrix may become less than full rank at some instantancous configurations. This creates numerical instability which will affect the performance of the mechanical system. A modification procedure of the constraints when they vanish or become linearly dependent is proposed to regularize the dynamics of the system. A distinction between the asymptotic stability due to the representation of the constraints (at the velocity and acceleration level), and the one due to the singularity is discussed in full in this paper. It is shown that Baumgarte technique could be extended to accommodate the representation of the constraints in the neighborhood of singularity. A two link planar manipulator undergoing large motion and passing through a singular configuration is used to illustrate the proposed stability technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01856949
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