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  • 42.55  (22)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Springer  (35)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (35)
  • 1981  (35)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (35)
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (35)
Year
  • 1
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 52.80 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new magnetic discharge stabilization technique for coaxial laser systems is described. The approach utilizes crosses electric and magnetic fields to create and maintain a large and rapidly rotating plasma volume which does not experience glow-to-arc transitions. Very high cw specific discharge power loadings have been achieved even without the benefit of external gas cooling or circulation. Performance is insensitive to gas composition and pressure such that high power coaxial discharges have been run in CO2 laser gas mixtures up to several hundred torr. Stable cw discharges have also been obtained in mixtures containing several torr of SF6. The technique appears to be readily scalable to give very large excited volumes in systems with comparatively small overall physical dimensions.
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  • 2
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A liquid nitrogen cooled cw CO-Laser is described, with which laser action up to 8.18 μm (v=36→35) has been achieved.
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  • 3
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have designed and tested a pulsed single-mode dye laser for spectroscopy experiments. The dye laser is pumped by a 6 kHz copper vapor laser to produce up to 230 mW average power at over 5% efficiency in a nearly diffraction limited beam. The dye laser pulse closely resembles the 30 ns pump pulse. Using an electronic servo loop, the 60 MHz wide line can be scanned, without mode hopping, through the 16 GHz permitted by the travel on the piezo driven mirror mount.
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  • 4
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 4 J XeCl (308 nm) laser has been used to produce ∼ 1 J of dye laser output from selected dyes whose lasing wavelengths sample the spectral range from 330 to 600 nm.
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  • 5
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A far-infrared (FIR) NH3 laser was resonantly pumped with a line-tunable infrared (IR) NH3 laser. The number of the observed FIR laser lines amounted to 33. Most of them belonged toaR(J,K) rotation-inversion transition in (0, 1, 0, 0) vibrational state. The line tunability of sealed-off FIR NH3 laser was almost achieved in 90, 115, 150, and 220 μm wavelength regions by the selective line tuning of the pumping IR NH3 laser.
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  • 6
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cw output power of the uv CuII laser has been optimized with respect to the hollow cathode geometry, the discharge current, the fill gas pressure and the resonator mirror parameters. A maximum laser output power of 900 mW for multiline operation at 248.6, 259.1, 260.0, and 270.3 nm was achieved with 100 A discharge current, 260 V voltage and 16 mbar fillgas pressure, when a hollow cathode of 1.2 m length and 2×6 mm2 cross section was employed. The single-pass pain gl has been estimated to 7%. A hollow cathode cross section of 1.5×4.5 mm2 is suggested as an optimum geometry. In addition, some investigations on the mechanism of the laser power decay in Ne−Cu-discharges are presented.
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  • 7
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A mode-locked Nd-glass laser oscillator with intra-cavity pulse selection by a Pockels cell shutter is described. A regenerative amplifier system with a saturable absorber is used to shorten the selected light pulses from the master oscillator. Pulses were shortened from 8 ps to 1 ps.
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  • 8
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical treatment of the influence of a saturable absorber in close contact with a highly reflecting mirror on a light pulse is given. The shaping of a Gaussian pulse during a single passage through such an absorber is calculated for various absorber lengths. The influence of absorber position and length on the pulse parameters and the stability of a continuously pumped dye laser are investigated. The shortest pulses and the most favourable operation conditions of the laser are to be expected in the case of a short contacted saturable absorber.
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  • 9
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 133-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single-mode selection with Michelson selectors in cw standing-wave dye lasers is analyzed. The application of single and double Michelson mode selectors for compensation of spatial hole burning effects is described in detail. Upper limits for the pumping are considered. It is shown that with spatial hole burning compensation, even the single Michelson selector provides sufficient selectivity for high power single-mode operation in linear cavities.
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  • 10
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 193-195 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a low power He−Ne laser has been described and used. With a proper resonator length very weak sideband modes on each side of the strong mode produce a feedback signal to a piezoelectric pusher which controls the resonator length. The long-term frequency stability was estimated to be about ±10 MHz.
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  • 11
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous laser operation at the wavelengths of λ1=637 and λ2=717 in Pr0.5La0.5P5O14 single crystals was observed. The crystals were excited by nanosecond publses from a Coumarin 2 dye laser (λ=450 nm). Laser emissions and their interdependence were studied both in crystals without an external resonator and in crystals placed within a plane parallel resonator. The energetic, time and frequency characteristics for both laser actions were examined. The effect of bifrequential emission was also found in crystals of different ratios of Pr and La ions concentration and in pure praseodymium pentaphosphate.
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  • 12
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report infrared laser emission in the region of 3 to 5 μm from sodium vapour optically pumped by a pulsed dye laser with wavelengths ranging from 585 to 610nm. Twophoton excitation processes are believed to be responsible for the primary excitation. Both molecular transitions (4 to 5 μm) between high lying states, and atomic transitions (52 S 1/2−42 P 3/2,1/2 at 3.41 μm) have been identified.
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  • 13
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Detailed data of the minimum preionization electron density (MPED)n 0 necessary to initiate a homogeneous discharge mode in transverse gas discharges are computed. An upper limit for the inductance of the discharge circuit is set by the power balance during breakdown. The results are presented as functions of generalized parameters. Applicability of the computations is proved by experimental observations.
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  • 14
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The presented theoretical model for a mode-locked Nd-glass laser simultaneously takes into account dynamics of the mode-locking dye, amplification saturation and radiation background. A systematic variation of laser parameters gives insight into the pulse formation process and allows to improve the laser design. The calculations show that it should be possible to decrease considerably the duration of light pulses of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser. Using a new mode-locking dye with a switching time of τ=2.7×10−12 s we obtained stable laser operation and a pulse duration of 1.7×10−12s.
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  • 15
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    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 31-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decay rates of the3 D 1 level of I–II and the 3s 2 level of neon have been measured by the magnetic-field power dip method. The decay rate at the zero-pressure limit is found to be 7.1 MHz/2π for the3 D 1 level. The collision cross-section for excited I ions with helium atoms equals 0.19×10−15 cm2.
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  • 16
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    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of near uv dye lasers pumped with short duration, 308 nm pulses from a XeCl laser are described with particular emphasis on the parameters influencing high average power operation. The solvent is shown to effect the operation of all dye lasers studied, particularly the photochemical stability. Measurements of the efficiency, as a function of the integrated pump energy have been made for a series of dye-solvent combinations. With the best combinations, average output powers in excess of 1W and conversion efficiencies greater than 25% were obtained at a repetition rate of ∼100 Hz.
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  • 17
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    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Near-infrared laser action of atomic carbon was obtained using a hollow cathode discharge tube. Besides the known 1.4543 μm and 1.0691 μm laser lines, cw laser operation at 1.0683 μm, 0.9658 μm, and 0.9406 μm wavelength was observed for the first time. The source of carbon was due to dissociation of CO, CO2 or CH4 added to the He buffer gas.
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  • 18
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    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 329-336 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work was an experimental investigation of a potential large-scale excimer laser system, in which a high-pressure KrF gas mix was pumped by the 4-MeV electron beam from an available linear accelerator. As a function of the mix and the pressure, fluorescence from KrF* and/or Kr2F* were produced with good efficiency. Comparing measured data with a kinetic model, it was found that the kinetics followed the “normal” patterns seen in low-energy electron pumping. The data fitting process also resulted in a new value for the three-body quenching rate constant for reactions involving Ar. A critical factor in the development of this laser will be an improvement in beam control over that afforded by a simple solenoidal magnet. The conditions necessary for lasing are predicted; no inherent limitations on scaling of the device were found.
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  • 19
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 64
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated time-dependent effects related to the bistable operation of a CO2 laser with an intracavity nonlinear absorber (SF6). The response of the system to small perturbations was sensitively dependent on the operating laser line [P(12)→P(30)] of the 10.6 μm band. The narrow bistable region forP(12), due to a very narrow hysteresis loop, can be effectively utilized for optical switching, because of its pronounced sensitivity to variations in operational parameters. The maximum admissable beam blocking time (intracavity) for spontaneous return to lasing was measured forP(16), for a range of absorber pressures. This τm is related to the relaxation time of the upper level in the absorber.
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  • 20
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 381-386 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A tunable diode laser and a multipass optical cell are used to investigate the feasibility of performing radiocarbon dating by means of infrared spectroscopy. We show that the detection of14CO2 at concentrations of14C/12C≲10−12 is not limited by interferences from the background of normal CO2 molecules, provided the gas sample is cooled. Using short-time constants, the present sensitivity of the infrared technique is comparable to that of an ideal disintegration counter. The experimental results are extrapolated to long time constants to demonstrate that radiocarbon dating by infrared spectroscopy is feasible, and that carbon samples with a mass of less than 1 gm can be dated by this technique.
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  • 21
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 7-9 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Newly found reflection properties of the Fizeau wedge interferometer are shown to be of particular advantage in obtaining efficient multi-wavelength operation of dye lasers. Use is made of the fact that the reflecting Fizeau wedge can ensure at once a selective feedback for a given wavelength and quasi-total reflection in an other direction for all other wavelengths. Fully independent tuning of two 0.02 nm lines is obtained with short pulse (2 ns) N2-laser pumping using a single Fizeau wedge.
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  • 22
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 233-238 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A synchronously mode-locked, cavity-dumped picosecond dye laser is described. The structure and intensity of the picosecond pulses measured under different conditions are reported. It was found that the structure of the pulses from the synchronously pumped dye laser depends critically on the length of the Ar+ laser pulses. At the shortest Ar+ laser pulses of about 70 ps the dye pulses are as short as 1.1 ps. With Ar+ laser pulses of 200 ps the dye laser pulses contains a broad satellite pulse which contains a large fraction of the total intensity. When a cavity dumper is added to the system one gets dye laser pulses 15–20 ps long with a substructure, which indicates incomplete mode-locking. Well mode-locked 1.5–2.0 ps pulses were obtained in the red part of the dye laser action spectrum, i.e. 620–650 nm for R6G, 595–608 nm for R 110 and 657–662 nm for RB, respectively. Addition of mode-locking dyes also improved the pulse quality at some wavelengths.
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  • 23
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    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 127-131 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Uteroglobin ; Radioimmunoassay ; Progesterone ; Osmotic minipumps ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to determine whether the influx of progesterone into the uterine lumen of the rabbit, in the preimplantation period, is dependent onuteroglobin (UGL). Rabbits were ovariectomized and, three months later, treated with two defferent doses of progesterone. Purified UGL was injected into one uterine horn and, as a control,immunoglobulin G (IgG) was injected into the other. After four days, the animals were sacrificed their uteri flushed, and the progesterone content of the washes was determined by radioimmunoassay. Animals with the lower serum progesterone level (2.8 ng/ml) had a significantly different uterine horn progesterone content. The hormone accumulation in the horn containing UGL was 2.3 to 7.5 times higher than in the horn containing IgG. Animals with a higher serum progesterone level (7.2 ng/ml) showed no differences. The hormone content was equally high in both horns, presumably due to the synthesis of endogenous UGL being reactivated by the hormone treatment. The validity of these experiments as models for the events during early pregnancy and the physiological role of progesterone available inside the uterus are discussed.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; Adrenergic innervation ; Insulin secretion ; Chemical sympathectomy ; Adrenalectomy ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological changes in the adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets after chemical sympathectomy by use of 6-hydroxydopamine and the influence of the sympatho-adrenal system on insulin secretion were investigated in the mouse and rat. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed a clear-cut reduction in the number of adrenergic nerve fibers in the pancreatic islets 2 days after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine; the reduction was more pronounced in the rat than in the mouse. In the rat, a partial regeneration was seen after 6 weeks. In the pancreas of the mouse, after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a severe damage of unmyelinated nerve fibers was revealed electron microscopically. However, no ultrastructural or immunohistochemical alterations could be demonstrated in the endocrine cells of the islets. 6-Hydroxydopamine induced a depression of basal plasma insulin concentrations in mice and an elevation in rats. Adrenalectomy depressed basal plasma insulin levels in mice. The α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine enhanced insulin secretion in normal mice. The secretory response of insulin to phentolamine was diminished by chemical sympathectomy and almost abolished by adrenalectomy or the combination of chemical sympathectomy and adrenalectomy. Thus, the effect of phentolamine is probably mediated by liberated catecholamines. It is concluded that basal insulin secretion is partially regulated by the sympatho-adrenal system and that species differences exist in this respect. In addition, the results suggest that endogenous catecholamines have the ability to promote insulin secretion.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Thyrotrophs ; Postnatal development ; Classification of basophils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of rat pituitary thyrotrophs was investigated immunohistochemically on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 25. Fetal thyrotrophs are strongly immunoreactive. In the postnatal period, however, weakly immunoreactive thyrotrophs increase in number to constitute clusters on days 3–5. The numbers and dimensions of the clusters reach a maximum on day 10. Thereafter the clusters break down to give rise to single, scattered neogenic thyrotrophs. Thyrotrophs in clusters on day 10 were investigated by electron microscopy in adjacent sections. They can be characterized as an immature type of basophil, according to the classification of Yoshimura et al. (1977): 1) Type I basophils, which are irregularly shaped with elongate processes, and characterized by rows of secretory granules about 100 nm in diameter. 2) Type I/II basophils, i.e., forms intermediate between Types I and II, containing less numerous secretory granules about 100–150 nm in diameter. Type II basophils which correspond to the classical thyrotrophs are not fully developed on day 10. Thus, most thyrotrophs develop from the clusters in the neonatal period. Such neogenic thyrotrophs retain the immature characteristics of Type I and I/II cells and may develop into Type II cells during subsequent maturation.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Human tonsil ; T-lymphocytes ; B-lymphocytes ; Quantitative morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are identified in tissue sections of human tonsils by applying the unlabelled antibody enzyme method. The epithelium of the tonsils contains a majority of immunoglobulin-positive cells and fewer T-lymphocytes. In the subepithelial zones, areas composed of B-cells predominate, however, regions containing T-lymphocytes are also present. The latter are mainly arranged in the lamina propria around high-endothelial venules and often include plasma cells containing immunoglobulin. Follicles containing germinal centres display a complex structure which changes during development. The lymphocytic cap consists of densely packed lymphocytes, labelled heavily by anti-IgM and anti-IGD, and of individual T-lymphocytes. Germinal centres show a framework of immunoglobulin-positive dendritic reticular cells; they contain some heavily labelled lymphoid cells and several cells weakly labelled by anti-IgM and anti-IgA, as well as a small number of T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, the total areas of T- and B-lymphocytes measured by planimetry may differ considerably between different tonsils. Especially total areas of germinal centres vary to a great extent. The quantitative data on amounts of T- and B-cells achieved by planimetry are comparable to those reported in cellular suspensions of tonsils.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary basophils ; Gonadotrophs ; LH Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pars anterior ; Cell identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitaries from normal, young and adult male rats were fixed either in sublimate-formalin or in glutaraldehyde-osmium. In adjacent Paraplast sections, almost all the gonadotrophs were immunostained with both LH and FSH antisera. The rat LHβ and FSH antisera used were shown to be highly specific by the absorption test and by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Thin and thick adjacent Epon sections were prepared for EM and immunohistochemical examination. Cells stained with the rat LHβ antiserum were identified by LM, and then observed in detail by EM. On the basis of these observations we suggest that the LH cells are arranged in a sequence of basophils, i.e., Types II/III, III, III/IV and IV: Type II/III basophils are elongate with a cytoplasmic process and less vesiculated. They have morphological features of Type II (classical thyrotrophs) and also of Type III basophils. Type III basophils are oval in shape and moderately vesiculated. Both Types II/III and III basophils can be divided into two classes of cell characterized mainly by the existence of only small secretory granules (150–220 nm in diameter) (Type A) or by the coexistence of small and large (350–500 nm) (Type B). Type III/IV basophils are cells intermediate between types III and IV basophils, and moderately vesiculated with an abundance of secretory granules (150–300 nm in diameter). Type IV basophils are large, spherical or oval cells whose RER cisternae are conspicuously dilated; they contain less numerous secretory granules (150–300 nm in diameter). It is concluded that LH cells are not a single cell type, but include a wide range of subtypes.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Melatonin ; Pineal gland ; Retina ; Harderian gland ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of melatonin is demonstrated in the pineal gland, the retina and the Harderian gland in some mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, using a specific fluorescence labelled antibody technique. Four different potent antibodies against melatonin have been used and compared. In the pineal gland of hamsters, mice, rats and snakes, specific fluorescence, mostly restricted to the cytoplasm of the cells, is detected in pinealocytes. Fluorescence is also detected in the pineal organ of fishes, tortoises and lizards, but it has not been possible, from cryostat sections of fresh tissue, to assert which kind of cell is reacting (photoreceptor cells or interstitial ependymal cells). In the retina, fluorescence is almost exclusively restricted to the outer nuclear layer. In the Harderian gland of mammals and reptiles, fluorescence is localized in the secretory cells of the alveoli and mostly restricted to the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites independent of pineal production.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; GnRH ; Brain ; Infundibulum ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied in the brain and infundibulum (INF) or median eminence of sheep utilizing a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. This procedure utilized a specific antiserum generated against GnRH conjugated to bovine serum albumin. In the rostral INF, the greatest concentration of GnRH positive axons was found in the medial region, mostly in the external layer dorsal to the hypophysial portal plexus. In the intermediate portion of the INF, the hormone was mainly observed in the external layer at the more dorsolateral areas ventral to the tuberoinfundibular sulcus. GnRH was generally located medially in the caudal portion of the INF and dorsomedially in the rostral infundibular stalk. Substantial amounts of reaction product were also noted in the internal layer throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the INF. The hormone was localized in axons throughout the brain from the septal and medial preoptic areas to the mammillary bodies. GnRH-positive perikarya were scattered in various regions of the infundibular (arcuate) and for the first time in the ventromedial nuclei of sheep hypothalamus. Preabsorption of the specific antiserum with synthetic GnRH abolished staining in both axons and perikarya, whereas preabsorption with thyrotropin releasing hormone, oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone did not affect staining intensity.
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  • 30
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    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 445-456 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Polypeptide hormones ; Digestive tract Branchiostoma lanceolatum ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The digestive tract of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum was investigated with regard to occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells. By the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, cells in the gut epithelium reacting with antisera against 8 different mammalian polypeptide hormones were localized. Positive reactions were obtained with antisera against the four mammalian islet hormones (insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin) and against secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pentagastrin and neurotensin. No immunoreactivity was found with antisera against members of the lipotropin family (ACTH, met-enkephalin, α-endorphin), against big-gastrin, cholecystokinin, substance P and moulin. The exact mapping of the different polypeptide immunoreactive cells throughout the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceolatum is presented.
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  • 31
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    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 225-238 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Peptidergic neurons ; Gut innervation ; Intrinsic nerves ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve fibers containing substance P, VIP, enkephalin or somatostatin are numerous in the porcine gut wall. They are particularly numerous in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses where peptide-containing cell bodies are also observed. Peptide-containing nerve fibers occur also in the vagus nerves, suggesting that the gut receives an extrinsic supply of peptidergic nerves. The extrinsic contribution to the peptide-containing nerve supply of the gut wall has not yet been quantitatively assessed. In an attempt to clarify this question pigs were subjected to bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Another group of animals was subjected to complete extrinsic denervation by autotransplantation of a jejunal segment. The pigs were killed at various time intervals after the operations; the longest time interval studied was four months. Following vagotomy the innervation pattern of the jejunum appeared completely unaffected. Following complete extrinsic denervation the adrenergic nerve fibers disappeared, while peptide-containing and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers remained apparently unaltered. This was confirmed chemically in the case of substance P. The motor activity of smooth muscle from the jejunum was studied in vitro. At low stimulation frequencies the smooth muscle from control jejunum responded by relaxation; upon cessation of stimulation a contraction occurred. With increasing stimulation frequencies the duration of the relaxation decreased; at high frequency stimulation only a contraction was recorded. In the autotransplant low frequency stimulation induced no or only a weak relaxation; high frequency stimulation induced contraction. After cholinergic and adrenergic blockade, the muscle responded with relaxation at all frequencies; the response was similar in innervated and denervated specimens. On the whole, the effects of extrinsic denervation on the motor activity of smooth muscle from porcine jejunum were minor, possibly reflecting the high degree of autonomy of the gut.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH neuron ; Synapse ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electronmicroscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In early postnatal rats, immunoreactive LHRH perikarya in the preoptic area were studied by light and electron microscopy. Synaptic junctions were found between the immunoreactive perikaryon or its process, and the immunonegative nerve fibers. The significance of these synapses is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms by which the activities of LHRH neurons are regulated.
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  • 33
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    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve growth factor ; Mouse ; Submandibular gland ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve growth factor (NGF) was localized in the mouse submandibular gland by means of indirect immunofluorescence applied to 0.5 μmthick sections of freeze-dried, plastic-embedded tissue. The antibody to NGF (IgG-fraction) was raised in rabbits immunized with pure 2.5 S NGF from submandibular glands of adult male mice. In the male gland anti-NGF bound selectively to the secretory granules was present in the cells of the granular ducts. Immunoreactive granules extended from the perinuclear region toward the apical pole. In the female gland immunoreactive cells and granules were considerably less abundant than in males. Immunofluorescence was confined to individual secretory cells located in the wall of the granular striated duct. In the present study no support was found for the hypothesis suggesting that immunoreactive NGF is formed within the secretory granules during their transport from the perinuclear region to the apical pole.
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  • 34
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    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 59-66 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; LH cells ; LHRH exposure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat fetus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal rat pituitaries on days 17–19 of gestation were maintained in serum-free Medium 199 for 24 h in the presence of 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml of synthetic LHRH. Immunohistochemical examination of such stimulated tissue reveals a complete depletion of immunoreactive material in most of the LH cells, irrespective of the LHRH concentrations tested, though some cells remain weakly immunopositive in the pituitaries of later developmental stages. Once discharge has occurred, there is little reaccumulation of secretory material in LH cells during prolonged incubation for 48 h in LHRH-free medium containing 10% calf serum. The LHRH treatment causes no immunohistochemical change in TSH cells. It is concluded that in fetal rats recently differentiated LH cells can release the secretory product if they are stimulated by hypothalamic LHRH.
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  • 35
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    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary (rat) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Corticotroph ; ACTH cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structural characteristics of normal rat corticotrophs stained with anti-porcine ACTH1–39 serum were studied. At the ultrastructure level immunoreactive corticotrophs appear to comprise four distinct cell types: (1) large stellate cells (Siperstein cells) containing granules (170–250 nm in diameter) arranged in a peripheral row and usually embracing an acidophil; (2) elongate spindle-shaped cells (Moriarty cells) in which the secretory granules (170–250 nm in diameter) are distributed in a row or in small clusters in the peripheral cytoplasm; (3) oval or polygonal cells filled only with small secretory granules (130–170 nm in diameter), resembling the “acidophil of small granules type” (Yoshimura et al. 1974); and (4) polygonal or stellate cells filled with secretory granules of varying diameters (180–300 nm in diameter) and occasionally embracing an acidophil. The first type is the most common, but the others are infrequent. It is concluded that the criteria of Siperstein and Miller (1970) do not necessarily include all categories of rat corticotrophs.
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