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  • Articles  (20)
  • 42.80  (13)
  • 42.65  (7)
  • Springer  (20)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1975-1979  (20)
  • 1977  (20)
  • Physics  (20)
Collection
  • Articles  (20)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (20)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Oxford University Press
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  • 1975-1979  (20)
Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber optical communications devices (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 85.30 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Both low attenuation silica optical fibers with peak transmission in the wavelength regions of 0.85 μm, and 1.05 μm, and improved lasers at both wavelengths are now available. In this review paper, the principal components for emission, modulation and detection are described. The characteristics of both semiconductor lasers, made of GaAs and related compounds, emitting at 0.85 μm or 1.05 μm and high neodymium-content lasers are discussed. For modulation, current modulation of GaAs lasers and external electro-optic modulation are considered. Concerning detection, the realisation of Si photodetectors suitable at 0.85 μm and the new photodetectors at 1.05 μm from Ga1−x In x As are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882884
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of refractive index profiles in diffused optical waveguides (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 12 (1977), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.82 ; 42.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An improved method for the reconstruction of diffused waveguide index profiles from experimental mode spectra is proposed. The method uses a parabolic approximation between successive points. It is tested on the example of an exponential profile, and applied to the reconstruction of index profiles in Ag+ ion-exchanged waveguides from measured mode spectra. This method appears to work well also in the cases of very few mode wave-guides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral excess attenuation of monomode optical fibers with sinusoidally perturbed core radius (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spectral excess attenuation caused by coupling between the guided HE11 mode and radiation modes is calculated with the aid of the formula derived by Marcuse for the radiation loss of a monomode optical fiber with step-index profile and sinusoidally perturbed core radius. The pronounced minima and maxima of the spectral excess attenuation curve converge as the spatial frequency of the perturbation of the core radius increases. Even perturbation amplitudes as small as 0.01 μm may lead to excess attenuations of the order of 10 dB/km if the radiation wavelength does not coincide with an attenuation minimum. The spectral behavior of the excess attenuation can be utilized to design fibers which act as optical filters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882471
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-photon resonant parametric generation in alkali metal vapours (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two-photon resonant four-wave mixing has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Tunable infrared radiation between 2 and 20 μm has been generated in potassium and caesium vapours. The mixing efficiency is found to be severely limited by competition with Raman scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882475
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically pumped FIR-laser with variable Fabry-Perot output coupler (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 383-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An optically pumped FIR laser was operated with a copper mesh Fabr-Perot output coupler. With this device a Gaussian output beam was obtained andthe degree of coupling could be varied continuously, thus allowing optimum coupling. From the measured properties of the wire mesches grains of two FIR laser lines are calculated and the saturation intensities estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882614
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A magnetic tuning system for dye lasers (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new device for magnetically displacing the output mirror of a laser resonator and synchronously tilting an etalon in order to obtain single-mode tuning of a dye laser over a tuning range of at least 10 GHz is described. Comparatively large displacements with good linearity of a coil mounted on a membrane and placed inside the strong magnetic field of a ring magnet are obtained for currents in the order of several hundred milliamperes. Together with etalon flats of appropriate thickness and reflection mounted in the resonator of the laser a versatile instrument for application in intra and extra cavity spectroscopy has been developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882629
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Off-resonance dispersion in molecular double resonance experiments (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32.20 ; 42.10 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyses effects related to the real part of the gaseous electric susceptibility in microwave-microwave and infrared-microwave double resonance experiments on two transitions with a common level. The most interesting features are obtained when the gaseous refractive index is probed far off resonance, i.e. in the tail of the dispersion characteristic and when the pump frequency is scanned around the resonance: a resonant change of the refractive index for the probe field is observed, the shape of which is that of the saturated pump line. A calculation using a model of strong collisions gives results in good agreement with the experimental ones. Applications of these phenomena to the determination of frequencies and transition matrix elements of infrared lines are discussed in the general case of lack of overlapping of the laser gain profile and of the infrared line. It is proposed to use these dispersion effects to detect Doppler-free infrared two-photon molecular absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882892
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-loss rotator and application for isolator design (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 85.60 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Faraday rotation associated with the Zeeman effect in gases is used to rotate the plane or polarization of plane polarized light with low loss of intensity. Advantage is taken of the rapid decrease of absorption relative to Faraday rotation between the split Zeeman components. Calculations of this Faraday rotation are applied to obtain design parameters for an isolator for 5.26 μm which show a significant improvement over conventional designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882898
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of self-focusing in a liquid crystalline medium (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied experimentally self-focusing of light in the liquid crystalline mediump-ethoxybenzyldine-p-butylaniline (EBBA). By variation of temperature, the response time of the field-induced refractive index was adjusted from larger than to smaller than theQ-switched laser pulsewidth. Accordingly, self-focusing varied from transient to quasi-steady-state. The results agree well with existing theoretical predictions and can be qualitatively understood from a simple physical description. The induced stimulated Brillouin scattering was also measured and was shown to be responsible for the limiting diameter of the self-focused beam in the present case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882635
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation behavior of semiconductor injection lasers (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 255-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract GaAs double heterostructure semiconductor injection lasers which now exhibit more than 25000 h cw room temperature lifetime are of great interest for future use as directly modulated transmitters for high bit-rate fiber optical communications. The effects limiting this application are modulation distortions, spectral width and additional spectral broadening in the case of modulation and spontaneous fluctuations of the output power. The dynamic and spectral behavior of injection lasers, the methods of high bit-rate modulation and the improvement of the high bit-rate modulation capability by coupling two lasers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882730
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser scattering by metallic particles in two-phase nozzle flow into a vacuum (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 45 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For several years the Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics has performed experiments with artificial barium clouds in space by means of research rockets and satellites in order to investigate electric fields and currents in the ionosphere and in the magnetosphere. The processes which lead to the formation of these artificial clouds were simulated in laboratory in order to optimize the barium vapor yield and to obtain a better insight into the initial phase of the clouds. In these experiments the combustion of excess barium with copper oxide, the two-phase flow of the combustion products through a nozzle and their expansion into a 20 m3 vacuum chamber were investigated in detail. Purpose of this work is to measure through detection techniques of scattered laser light and thermal radiation: 1) the density of small metall particles on the particle jet axis, 2) the particle velocity, 3) the thermal radiation of larger particles, and 4) the position of the Mach disk which limits the free nozzle jet downstream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890726
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced depth polarizer for integrated optics (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.82 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Taking advantage of the different cut-off thickness of the two fundamental modes in an optical waveguide, a polarizing structure has been realized. It consists of a narrow stripe (∼100 μm) of reduced diffusion depth in an ion-exchanged waveguide. The TE0-mode passes the polarizer with negligible losses, whereas the TM0-mode is forced to couple out into the substrate. The extinction ratio is better than −16 dB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883095
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the theory and solar application of inductive grids (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20 ; 41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A brief description is given of the rigorous formulism of Chen, which describes the diffraction by perfectly-conducting inductive grids. The formulism is used to prove several general properties of grids, including the relevant form of the Reciprocity Theorem. The theory is used to investigate the equivalent circuit model proposed by other authors for thin grids, and also to derive a monomodal model of the type first proposed by Chen. The latter model is shown to be useful even in the region where more than one spectral order propagates. The accuracy of the formulism is established by the comparison of calculated results with a number of far-infrared measurements on grids. The use of grids as solar-selective elements is investigated. They are shown to be capable of providinga/e ratios of the order of 30–40, provided that they are always pointed towards the sun, and that the diffuse content of the illumination is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882627
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear optical properties of orthorhombic barium formate and magnesium barium fluoride (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The nonlinear optical susceptibility tensors of barium formate (point group 222) and magnesium barium fluoride (point group mm 2) have been determined by the method of Maker fringes on the basis of a more rigorous theoretical treatment of second-harmonic generation of electromagnetic waves in plane-parallel plates of optically biaxial crystals. The measurements have been carried out in comparison with the KDP standard at awavelength of 1.064 μm (Nd: YAG). Both crystals possess nonlinear coefficients smaller than KDP (d 36); they are phase matchable; magnesium barium fluoride exhibits a noncritical phase matching at a fundamental wavelenght of 1.04 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883447
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on nonlinearity, response time and polarity reversal in a thermal field emission metal whisker diode (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.70 ; 42.65 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a series of recent experiments, research groups have made absolute frequency measurements with laser beams in the infrared region (μm) using a metal-metal point contact diode for the generation, frequency mixing and detection. At present there are two models which attempt to explain the rectification mechanism of the diode: 1) Tunneling of electrons through an intermediate oxide film from whisker to the metal base, i.e., configuration is considered to be a metal-oxide-metal (MOM) tunneling junction. 2) Rectification and nonlinear processes are the result of a thermal enchanced field emission. Such emission is a consequence of the immersion of the whisker in the laser radiation which results in conduction induced thermionic emission and/or generation of an electric field at the tip necessary for electron tunneling by field emission. The purpose of this comment is: a) to discuss qualitatively the basic difference between MOM and TFE theories as regards the origin of the nonlinearity and rectification properties of the metal point contact junction; b) to review the analyses describing the ultimate frequency response of the device; and 3) to provide a possible explanation for polarity reversal consistent with the TFE mechanism describing the operation of the whisker diode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882734
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New interferometric method for determining the refractive index of thin dielectric film, its thickness, the phase shift, and the order of interference (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new interferometric method is proposed, using white light fringes of equal chromatic order to determine simultaneously the following paramcters: a) The refractive index of a thin dielectric film, and hence its dispersion. b) The film thickness. c) The correct value of the order of interference. d) The phase shift occuring due to reflection at the dielectric/metal interface. In the present work, doubly silvered zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin dielectric film was used as an example in applying the proposed method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882738
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An application of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Ceramic to opto-electronic devices (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic is used in an electrically controllable diffraction (ECD) grating for reflection of parallel polarized light. The ECD grating used consists of a PZT ceramic with ten pairs of interdigital electrodes having 400 μm period on its surface. The characteristics of the grating and its application to an optical modulator are demonstrated experimentllly with a He−Ne 0.63 μm laser, obtaining a modulation of 60% with the applied peak voltage of 60 V at 24 kHz signal for the incident angle of 60°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890715
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-supporting thin-film beam splitter for far-infrared interferometers (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20 ; 78.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Commercially available plastic films have been examined, in the spectral range up to 1200 cm−1, for use as a beam splitter in far-infrared Michelson interferometers. The materials reported include polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, cellulose and polyethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882737
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-power single-mode cw dye ring laser (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Due to spatial hole burning, standing-wave dye lasers require a large amount of selectivity inside the cavity for single-mode operation. The output power of these lasers is limited by losses caused by the frequency selecting elements. In a travelling-wave laser, on the other hand, spatial hole burning does not exist, thereby eliminating the need for high selectivity. A travelling-wave cw dye laser was realized by unidirectional operation of a ring laser, yielding single mode output powers of 1.2 W at 595 nm and of 55 mW in the UV-region with intracavity frequency doubling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883442
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-Raman scattering inp-type indium antimonide (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 71.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report for the first time stimulated magneto-Raman scattering inp-type InSb. Two different Raman scattering processes were observed. The first one has a Raman shift of about 2cm−1/kG and is observed at magnetic fields up to 30kG. The other one is observable only at high magnetic fields above 30kG and shows Raman shifts between 1.2cm−1 and 3.0cm−1 with a tuning rate of about 0.2cm−1/kG. The first process can be interpreted either as spin-flip Raman scattering by photo-excited electrons in the conduction band or as Raman scattering by holes in the valence band involving transitions from heavy to light hole states. The other Raman shift observed seems to occur on account of transitions between the heavy hole ladders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883083
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