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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,332)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (1,182)
  • General Chemistry  (1,021)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (549)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (332)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (281)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (5,884)
  • 1910-1914
  • 1972  (5,884)
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  • 1970-1974  (5,884)
  • 1910-1914
Year
  • 201
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3017-3034 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Earlier work revealed that the internal plasticization of polyacrylonitrile by the higher n-alkyl acrylates or N-n-alkylacrylamides yielded only brittle copolymers. This difficulty was circumvented in the present work by starting with copolymers of acrylonitrile and ethyl acrylate, over the range of compositions, and further modifying these by incrementally displacing the ethyl acrylate in each recipe by n-octadecyl acrylate through terpolymerization. In this way, the stepwise small reduction in Tg for the base ethyl acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymers was greatly increased for each of the terpolymers. Compositions were obtained ranging from glassy, brittle terpolymers, with glass transitions above room temperature, to soft plasticized polymers having sufficient polar networks retained from the nitrile to confer useful properties. The decline in the glass temperature was shown to be dependent on the free volume conferred by the side-chain methylene groups of each acrylate ester. In contrast, the decline in tensile and flexural strengths and moduli for the terpolymers having glass transitions above room temperature was produced entirely by the presence of the methylene groups of the 18-carbon ester. The glass transition region corresponded to room temperature when the acrylonitrile content of the base copolymer had been reduced to 50 mole-%. Terpolymers of this nitrile content and lower had the low moduli and large elongations of plasticized compositions. An equation was developed which correlated empirically the glass transitions and the mechanical properties with the weight fraction of the acrylate esters for the glassy terpolymers.
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  • 202
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3047-3062 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The problem of drag reduction in a helically coiled tube is examined experimentally. The general problems involved in the correlation of drag reduction data are analyzed critically, and some important recommendations are made based on the findings of this work. A phenomenological approach is suggested for correlating the drag reduction data. An examination of the straight-tube data from the literature and the coiledtube data obtained in this work shows that for a variety of aqueous polymer solutions the data could be uniquely correlated by the following equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \beta = 0.2 + \frac{{0.8}}{{1 + \left( {{\rm De'}} \right)^{0.8} }} $\end{document} where β = reduced friction factor and De′ = modified Deborah number.
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  • 203
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3063-3071 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ultraviolet absorption spectra of Cadoxen solutions of hydrocellulose and hydrocellulose phenylosazones are described. With solutions of hydrocellulose no simple relationship between D.P. and absorbance was found. Solutions of hydrocellulose phenylosazone in Cadoxen show well-defined maxima at 277 nm and 390 nm and do not change over 1 hr when oxygen is excluded. The absorbance of the phenylosazone at 390 nm may be used to determine the D.P. of the hydrocellulose samples.
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  • 204
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3073-3094 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermomechanical spectra of two new carborane-siloxane polymers containing five-boron carborane cages in the backbones are reported and discussed. The polymers are the homopolymer, HO—[Si(CH3)2—CB5H5C—Si(CH3)2—O—]nH, and the random copolymer with 20 mole-% of the ten-boron meta-carborane analogue, —[Si(CH3)2—CB10H10C—Si(CH3)2—O—]. The mechanical spectra (∼1 cps) were determined from -180° → +625° → -180°C (ΔT/Δl = 3.6°C/min for T 〉 25°C and 2°C/min for T 〈 25°C) using the semimicro thermomechanical technique, torsional braid analysis. In nitrogen, both polymers displayed secondary transitions at -140°C. The glass transition (Tg) for the homopolymer was -60°C and for the copolymer was -52°C. The homopolymer had a melting point of +70°C. The copolymer was amorphous. The high-temperature stability in nitrogen of both polymers appeared to be identical; thermal stiffening commenced at 400°C, continued to 625°C, and resulted in materials that were typical of highly crosslinked resins. In air, the homopolymer began to stiffen catastrophically near 270°C, while the copolymer began to stiffen similarly nearly 50°C higher. The intrinsic elastomeric nature together with the thermomechanical results prompted further study of the copolymer. Thermomechanical cycling studies in nitrogen and air are reported for the copolymer. Some correlating TGA and DTA are also discussed.
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  • 205
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3095-3103 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nine linear poly(carborane-siloxane) high-temperature elastomers which differ systematically in chemical structure were investigated by torsional braid analysis. The structural variations include two different carborane cage structures in the polymer chain (—CB10H10C— and —CB5H5C—) and the stepwise increase in the number of —Si(CH3)2—O— linkages associated with each cage in the repeat unit. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) was studied as the compositional limit of both series. The dynamic mechanical relaxations (at about 1 cps) of the materials are reported. These include the melting points of the semicrystalline polymers and the glass transitions and secondary transitions of all the polymers. The glass transition temperatures in each series were systematized using the well-known copolymer composition-versus-glass transition temperature relationship 1/Tg = W1/Tg1 + W2/Tg2.
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  • 206
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3113-3121 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interaction of the acid dye Biebrich Scarlet (C.I. Acid Red 66) with α-, β-, and γ-keratoses obtained from wool fiber by performic acid oxidation was studied. The extrapolated saturation values of dye bound to protein and the association constants for the interactions were obtained. Maximum dye uptake was found for α-keratose, followed by γ- and β-keratoses, in that order. Incorporation of varying amounts of m-cresol in the dye solutions showed no significant effect. There was no indication of an interaction between m-cresol and the keratoses from direct studies.
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  • 207
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3123-3131 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal stabilities of polybutadienyllithium, polyisoprenyllithium, and polystyryllithium solutions have been determined in hydrocarbon solvents. Kinetic analysis indicated that a complex mechanism was involved in the thermolysis of polybutadienyllithium. The thermal stability was observed to increase with increasing lithium concentration, suggesting the presence of competitive reactions in addition to the expected elimination of lithium hydride. The thermal stability of the three systems studied was consistent with their reported degrees of association: dimeric polystyryllithium was less stable than tetrameric polyisoprenyllithium or hexameric polybutadienyllithium.
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  • 208
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3133-3144 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In addition to the expected elimination of lithium hydride, metalation and addition reactions have been observed as competitive, thermolytic reactions of polybutadienyllithium. The importance of these reactions at temperatures frequently utilized for the polymerization of butadiene was illustrated and the effect of these reactions on the macrostructure of polybutadiene determined.
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  • 209
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3207-3221 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The products obtained on degradation of poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene) in vacuo are described. The effects of molecular weight and pyrolysis temperature are discussed and the behavior compared with polystyrene under similar conditions. Product analysis has revealed significant differences between the products of degradation obtained from the two polymers, and mechanisms involving methyl-group migration have been proposed and discussed to account for the anomalous behavior of poly(p-N,N-dimethyl-aminostyrene). The liquid products of pyrolysis have been separated and identified by gas-liquid chromatography using the Kovats retention index, and quantitative analysis is also described. Analysis of the gaseous fraction by mass spectrometry is described.
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  • 210
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3223-3236 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of the extent of degradation of poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene) on the quantity and composition of the residue and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the fraction volatile at pyrolysis temperature are discussed. The behavior of poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene) is compared to that of polystyrene. A significant difference has been found for the behavior of the residue from poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene), which is ascribed to a crosslinking reaction involving the dimethylamino substitutent. Mechanisms to account for the observed products of degradation have been suggested and are discussed.
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  • 211
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3237-3244 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fibers were spun from six different, wholly aromatic copolyamides of limited order. Tensile properties of the fibers were obtained at standard conditions and, for selected fibers, at elevated temperatures and after heat-aging at 300°C in air. The dry-heat shrinkage determined up to 400°C on selected fibers was relatively low; zero-strength temperatures ranged from 375°C to 495°C. Resistance to numerous chemical reagents was determined for one of the fibers and found to be comparable to that of the fibers from other wholly aromatic polyamides. Resistance to ultraviolet light appeared to be of the same order as that of unstabilized nylon 66.
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  • 212
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3245-3251 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: On the basis of Mooney scorch measurements at 120°C and of continuous measurements of vulcanization in a Vuremo curemeter at 145°C, sulfenamides which function as inhibitors of the sulfur-free thiuram vulcanization have been investigated. It was found that the actual prevulcanization inhibitor is 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Its formation from sulfenamides is activated by zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate since the vulcanization of rubber by thiuram disulfides in the presence of zinc oxide is always accompanied by the formation of zinc dithiocarbamate. It seems probable that the inhibition effect of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is attributable to the formation of a complex with zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate which decreases the reaction rate in the initial steps of the sulfur-free thiuram vulcanization and thus causes the scorch delay.
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  • 213
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3265-3274 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal decomposition and resultant disposal of waste poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is facilitated by preliminary exposure to ionizing radiation, such as energetic electrons, in an oxygen atmosphere. The results of isothermal and temperature-programmed thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and effluent gas analysis in nitrogen and in oxygen indicate that the major effect of irradiation is to render PVC increasingly susceptible to oxidation. The presence of oxygen during heating enhances the decomposition. Crystalline order in PVC is destroyed by irradiation.
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  • 214
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3253-3263 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of simultaneous thermal and hydrolytic degradation of poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCHDT) were evaluated by using a 1.5-in.-diam. melt extruder (≈20/1 length/diameter ratio) as a reactor. The effects of extrusion temperature (295°-330°C), residence time (2.6-17.5 min), and moisture content (〈0.001% to 0.2%) of the supply polymer on degradation were determined. The rate of degradation was measured in terms of the rate at which inherent viscosity (I.V.) decreased and the rate at which carboxyl endgroup concentration increased. The contributions of both thermal and hydrolytic degradation to the total degradation of PCHDT could be separated because the hydrolysis was rapid enough that it could be considered as occurring prior to thermal degradation. Thus, the hydrolysis merely adjusted the initial properties of the supply polymer, which was then subjected to thermal degradation. Equations were developed from an analysis of the kinetic data based on a random chain scission mechanism. The activation energies for decrease in I.V. and increase in carboxyl endgroup concentration of PCHDT from thermal degradation were determined as 33.5 and 41 kcal/mole, respectively.
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  • 215
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3353-3360 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two independently derived distribution function methods validate both the calibration curve and the dispersion correction of the “effective linear calibration” method used in gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Experimental conditions are specified for making the method more useful by permitting linear extrapolation of the calibration line, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ V_R = C_1 + C_2 \log M, $\end{document} and for using a minimum number of standards. The independent methods quantitatively relate known differential of integral distribution functions for standard samples to their respective chromatograms. As such, they are useful calibration methods also, but are limited in scope and range.
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3381-3385 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 217
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 204-210 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 218
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 211-222 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 222-222 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 223-223 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 272-278 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 222
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 279-279 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 286-291 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent Progress in cold pressure welding technology and its application. A definition of cold pressure welding is given and different forming processes applied for cold pressure welding are described. The factors influencing the quality of joints are discussed and several examples for the practical use of the process are given.
    Notes: Für das Kaltpreßschweißen wird eine Begriffsbestimmung gegeben. Zum Kaltpreßschweißen herangezogene Umformverfahren werden beschrieben und Einflußgrößen besprochen, die die Güte der Schweißverbindung beeinflussen. Den Abschluß bildet eine Zusammenstellung zahlreicher Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Praxis.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 306-310 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Explosive Welding  -  an important supplement to the Existing Bonding Techniques. The basic principles of the method of explosive welding are described. Of special importance are the welding parameters. A simple method of their determination is described. Typical welding interphases with and without intermetallic reactions are discussed. Typical applications are noted.
    Notes: Die Grundlagen des Explosivschweißens werden geschildert. Insbesondere wird auf die Bedeutung der Schweißparameter eingegangen. Eine einfache neue Methode zu deren Ermittlung wird beschrieben. Typische Schweißverbindungen mit und ohne Reaktionen in der Verbindungsschicht werden beispielhaft diskutiert. Ebenfalls werden typische Anwendungsfälle aufgezeigt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 316-318 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 279-279 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 280-280 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 296-301 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fatigue strength of high-temperature brazed joints. Starting from an extensive review of literature the fatigue strength of high-temperature brazed joints is investigated and the results are evaluted statistically. NiCr 20 TiAl- and X 8 CrCoNiMo 10 6-joints are brazed in vacuum by inductive heating with AuNi 18 or PdNi 40. The heat-treatment after brazing and the test-temperature are alternated systematically; in some cases additionally the surface preparation is varied. The typical ruptures of joints are shown by micrographs.
    Notes: Nach der Auswertung des einschlägigen Schrifttums werden systematische und statistisch abgesicherte Schwinguntersuchungen im Zeitfestigkeitsbereich an im Hochvakuum induktiv, jeweils mit AuNi 18 und PdNi 40 gelöteten NiCr 20 TiAl- und X 8 CrCo- NiMo 10 6-Proben durchgeführt. Als Versuchsparameter gelten dabei nach unterschiedlicher mechanischer Lötflächenvorbereitung die Wärmebehandlung nach dem Löten sowie die Prüftemperatur. Anhand von Gefügebildern werden ergänzend häufig vorkommende Rißverläufe wiedergegeben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 311-316 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic adhesives for low heat joining techniques. The applications of adhesives have been greatly extended by the using of synthetic organic polymers which cures physically or chemically. They give satisfactory adhesion to different materials, flexibility, and mechanical properties even at high temperatures. A particulary important advance was the introduction of chemically or mechanically blocked polymer systems, which reduces curing time and costs of curing equipment.
    Notes: Die Anwendung von Klebstoffen fand weite Verbreitung, seit als Basissubstanzen synthetische organische Hochpolymere zur Verfügung standen, die physikalisch oder chemisch härten. Sie gewährleisten ausreichende Haftfähigkeit an den unterschiedlichsten Werkstoffen, Verformbarkeit und mechanische Eigenschaften auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Einen besonderen Fortschritt bedeuten chemisch oder mechanisch blockierte Polymersysteme, die kurze Härtungszeiten und geringen Aufwand an Fixiervorrichtungen zulassen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 323-324 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 333-333 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 335-335 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 359-364 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal granulation of metal powders. By the granulation of metal powders is understood a method of treating non-flowing powder in order to give it good flow properties. In the case of thermal granulation, the powder treated in a presintering and re-grinding process. The shape, size, distribution and structure of the powder particles are thus changed. Good flow properties of metal powders are important in the manufacture of massproduced parts on automatic presses with controlled filling systems. Of the various granulating methods employed in powder metallurgy, the thermal granulation method has found the widespread application. The author states the conditions required for the thermal granulation of electrolytic silver powder, CuNi 30, AgC 4 and WCu 25 Ni 5. A description is given of thermal granulation with liquid phase, taking AgPb 10 as example. Granulated powder properties such density ratio (apparent and tap densities), flow time and structural composition, are given.
    Notes: Unter Granulation von Metallpulvern oder deren Mischungen versteht man eine Pulverbehandlung, um einem nicht fließenden Pulver gute Fließeigenschaften zu geben. Bei der thermischen Granulation besteht die Pulverbehandlung in einem Vorsintern und Wiederzerkleinern. Dabei werden die Pulverteilchen in ihrer Form, Größe, Verteilung und im Gefüge verändert. Gute Fließeigenschaften der Metallpulver sind für die Fertigung von Massenteilen auf Preßautomaten mit gesteuerten Füllvorrichtungen wesentlich. Von den verschiedenen Granulierverfahren hat die thermische Granulation in der Pulvermetallurgie breite Anwendung gefunden. Es werden die Bedingungen für die thermische Granulation von Elektrolyse-Silberpulver, CuNi 30, AgC 4 und WCu 25 Ni 5 angegeben. Die thermische Granulation mit flüssiger Phase wird am Beispiel AgPb 10 beschrieben. Als Eigenschaften der granulierten Pulver werden der Raumerfüllungsgrad im Füll- und Klopfzustand, die Fließzeit und die Gefügestruktur mitgeteilt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 376-377 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 391-392 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 239
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 394-414 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Developments in Powder Metallurgy. The new development in powder metallurgy is discussed with special emphasis of technological aspects. The most important meetings held during the last years as well as some other literature have been considered. After introductory paragraphes the basic technologies and then the materials itselves are discussed. The limits to the field of ceramics are fixed by involving metallic hard compounds (carbides), but leaving out nonmetallic materials. Also compound materials with metallic components are considered. In the following paragraph on basic investigations some approaches with importance for further technological development are focussed. The competition with other technological processes, opening of new groups of materials for powder metallurgy, new technological processes, new fields of application, successes and sometimes failures make considerable dynamics in this field.
    Notes: Es wird die neuere Entwicklung der Pulvermetallurgie unter vorwiegend technologischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt. Hierzu wurden besonders die wichtigen Tagungen der letzten Jahre und eine Auswahl der Zeitschriftenliteratur berücksichtigt. Nach einem einführenden Abschnitt werden zunächst die wichtigsten technologischen Grundlagen (Ausgangsstoffe, Formgebung, Sintern, Drucksintern u. a.) und anschließend die Werkstoffgruppen besprochen. Die Abgrenzung zur Keramik erfolgt durch Einbeziehung der metallischen (Karbide), aber Nichtberücksichtigung der nichtmetallischen Hartstoffe. Auch Verbundwerkstoffe mit metallischen Komponenten finden Erwähnung. Im folgenden Abschnitt über grundsätzliche Untersuchungen wird auf Teilgebiete hingewiesen, deren Bearbeitung auch für die technologische Weiterentwicklung nützlich sein dürften. Durch die Wettbewerbssituation mit anderen Fertigungstechniken, die Erschließung neuer Werkstoffgruppen, Technologien und Anwendungsgebiete, durch Erfolge und gelegentliche Rückschläge, ist dieses Gebiet von besonderer Dynamik.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 425-432 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Stand der topologischen Betrachtungsweise von Sintervorgängen. Die topologischen Verfahren, die zur Beschreibung der Geometrie von gesinterten Gefügen herangezogen werden können, und die topologischen Ergebnisse, die bisher gewonnen wurden, werden kurz beschrieben. Obwohl die Ergebnisse noch ziemlich begrenzt sind, so liefert ihre Kombination mit metrischen Meßdaten doch die Grundlage für eine quantitative Beschreibung der Entwicklung der Gefügegeometrie während des Sinterns. Zwei einander widersprechende Gesichtspunkte für diese geometrische Entwicklung werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The topological concepts which have been applied to describe the geometry of sinter structures and the topological data which has been obtained to date are briefly presented. This data, although limited in extent, when combined with the metric data provides the basis for a quantitative description of the geometric evolution accompanying the sintering process. Two contrasting viewpoints of this geometric evolution are briefly presented.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 439-441 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 318-322 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 436-437 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Radiographic equivalence factors for several common plastic materials were determined experimentally. The factors were calculated in relation to steel in an energy range from 50 to 150 keV.
    Notes: Für eine Reihe technisch wichtiger Kunststoffe wurden die Umrechnungsfaktoren auf gleichwertige Stahlwanddicke im Strahlenenergiebereich 50-150 keV experimentell ermittelt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 26-32 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microscopic-Photometric Investigations of the Growth of Silver Sulfide Films. Corrosion phenomena are often characterized by the presence of thin surface films the thickness of which may be very important for determining either the behaviour of the base material or that of the corrosion film itself. The paper describes an optical method for investigating the film thickness and the growth of absorbing surface films. With the aid of a microscopic-photometric method the spectral reflectivity of thin films, at perpendicular incidence of light, is determined and compared with theoretically calculated curves with the optical constants of the base material and film material being known. This method proved suitable for investigating the tarnishing process of silver in a sulphurous atmosphere. Films as from a thickness of approx. 1 nm could be measured. Growth curves for silver sulfide films at different temperatures are given and the phenomenon of tarnishing is discussed in more detail.
    Notes: Bei Korrosionserscheinungen findet man häufig dünne Oberflächenfilme, deren Dickenbestimmung sehr wichtig sein kann, entweder um über das Verhalten des Grundmaterials oder über das der Korrosionsschicht Aussagen machen zu können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine optische Methode zur Untersuchung der Schichtdicke und des Wachstums absorbierender Oberflächenschichten beschrieben. Mit Hilfe der Mikroskop-Photometrie wird das spektrale Reflexionsvermögen dünner Schichten bei senkrechtem Lichteinfall bestimmt und mit theoretisch berechneten Kurven verglichen, wenn die optischen Konstanten des Grund- und Schichtwerkstoffs bekannt sind. Diese Methode erwies sich als geeignet, das Anlaufverhalten von Silber in schwefelhaltiger Atmosphäre zu untersuchen. Dabei konnten Schichten ab ca. 1 nm nachgewiesen werden. Es werden Wachstumskurven für die Silbersulfidschicht bei verschiedenen Temperaturen angegeben und das Erscheinungsbild des Anlaufverhaltens näher diskutiert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 55-55 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 54-55 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the martensitic transformation by sliding friction in relation to contact temperature and wear of soft iron and medium carbon steel (C 45). Using a special experimental procedure, in dependence on sliding velocity and load, martensitic transformations were locally generated on the sliding surfaces (unlubricated) of C 45/C 45 on the contrary to soft iron. Accordingly the coefficient of friction and wear were greatly reduced. This proves the influence of locally high temperatures (flash temperatures). Because of the unknown kinetics of martensitic transformation during rubbing, it is only possible to estimate the temperature. Comparison with calculated flash temperatures shows approximate agreement.
    Notes: Bei Gleitreibungsversuchen C 45/C 45 (ungeschmiert) wurde mit bestimmter Versuchstechnik, abhängig von Geschwindigkeit und Belastung, im Gegensatz zu Weicheisen örtlich Reibmartensit erzeugt. Dadurch starker Abfall von Reibung und Verschleiß. Beweis für die Wirkung hoher örtlicher Temperaturen (Blitztemperaturen). Bei verschieden hohen Beanspruchungen ergeben sich unterschiedliche Verschleißformen. Die nicht bekannte Umwandlungskinetik von Reibmartensit erlaubt von der Werkstoffseite her nur eine Abschätzung der Temperatur. Vergleich mit rechnerisch ermittelten Blitztemperaturen zeigt bei den angewandten Bedingungen annähernd Übereinstimmung.
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    Description / Table of Contents: The fatigue behaviour of a vacuum- and an electroslagremelted 18% nickel-cobald-molybdenum maraging steel under rotating bending and rolling contact conditions. The endurances of an eletroslag- and a vacuumremelted maraging steel have been compared under conditions of rotating bending as well as under rolling fatigue conditions; with the finishing conditions (grinding and scouring) as additional parameter. Under conditions of rotating bending no significant difference in endurance has been found between the vacuum- and the electroslagremelted material. The same applies for rolling contact experiments under conditions of lubricant starvation. - Under conditions of thick-film lubrucation, however, the vacuumremelted material shows a considerable longer life expectancy than the electroslagremelted material. - Under conditions of rotating bending a scouring finish gives a shorter life expectancy than a grinding finish. Under conditions of rolling contact fatigue the opposite is found. - The effects are discussed in terms of structure and surface topography, special attention has been paid to structural changes that occur in heavily strained areas.
    Notes: Unter Umlaufbiege- und Rollreibungsverhältnissen wurden die Ermüdungseigenschaften eines elektroschlacke- und eines vakuumumgeschmolzenen martensitaushärtenden (Maraging-) Stahles (Typ X2 NiCoMo 18 8 5) miteinander bei zwei verschiedenen Endbearbeitungen (Schleifen und Schmirgeln) verglichen. Bei den Umlaufbiegeversuchen gibt es keinen signifikanten Unterschied in dem Ermüdungsverhalten des vakuum- und des elektroschlackeumgeschmolzenen Materials. Bei den Rollreibungsexperimenten zeigt sich unter schlechten Schmierungsverhältnissen ebensowenig ein Unterschied bezüglich der Oberflächenermüdung. Bei guten Schmierungsverhältnissen jedoch zeigt der vakuumgeschmolzene Werkstoff eine erheblich längere Lebensdauer als der elektroschlackeumgeschmolzene. Bezüglich des Einflusses der untersuchten Endbearbeitungen wurde festgestellt, daß die Ergebnisse der Umlaufbiegeversuche und die Ergebnisse der unter guten Schmierungsverhältnissen ausgeführten Rollreibungsversuche entgegengesetzt sind. Bei Umlaufbiegung führt die Schmirgelbearbeitung, bei Rollreibung die Schleifbearbeitung zu der kürzesten Lebensdauer. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird den Gefüge-Änderungen, welche sich in hochbeanspruchten Zonen des Materials zeigten, Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 86-89 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new method for abrasion testing of printing inks. In continance of former work a testing apparatus is being developed for quantitative evaluation of printing inks in respect to abrasing resistance. Filter paper is being used for abrasive which is guided on the testing surface with well defined velocity under constant load.
    Notes: In Fortsetzung früherer Arbeiten wird ein Prüfgerät entwickelt, das geeignet ist, Druckfarben hinsichtlich ihrer Abriebfestigkeit quantitativ zu untersuchen. Diese Methode verwendet Filterpapier als Reibpartner, das mit definierter Geschwindigkeit unter konstanter Belastung über die zu prüfende Oberfläche geführt wird.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 130-133 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Crack Arrest Behaviour of Structural Steels. Medium scale tests are described by which it is possible to estimate the crack arrest behaviour, usually characterized by the Robertson-Test or Double Tension Test. Tests on 16 steels show that the critical temperature for an instable fracture during the sharp-notch slow bend test corresponds largely with the crack arrest temperature determined in the Robertson-Test. A regression equation is given for the relation of the results of both tests. - A distinct relation between the crack arrest temperature of the Robertson-Test on the one side and the transition temperatures measured in the notched bar impact test, the Coheracy test and the drop-weight test on the other side was not observed.
    Notes: Es werden Versuche beschrieben, nach denen man das Rißauffangvermögen, das üblicherweise durch Robertson-Test oder Double Tension-Test gekennzeichnet wird, unter Verwendung von Proben mittlerer Abmessung abschätzen kann. Nach Untersuchungen an insgesamt 16 Stählen stimmt die kritische Temperatur für das Auftreten eines instabilen Bruches im Scharfkerbbiegeversuch mit der im Robertson-Test ermittelten Crack Arrest-Temperatur gut überein. Für die Beziehung beider Größen wird eine Regressionsgleichung angegeben. Ein strenger Zusammenhang zwischen Crack Arrest-Temperatur des Robertson-Testes einerseits und den in Kerbschlagbiegeversuch, Kohärazieprüfung und Drop Weigth-Test gemessenen Übergangstemperaturen andererseits konnte nicht beobachtet werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 122-129 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measuring methods and technical application of fracture mechanics. A method of measuring the plane-strain fracture toughness Klc using compact-tension-specimens according to American (ASTM) and British (BISRA) standards is described. There exist conditions for the minimum thickness and minimum crack length necessary for the determination of valid Klc-values. The Klc-values decrease with decreasing temperature. Own results and pictures of the fracture surfaces of the tempering steel 30 Cr Ni Mo 8 are shown as examples. With low strength steels linear elastic fracture mechanics characterized by Klc is normally not valid at room temperature. Therefore it is supplemented by the crack-opening-displacement concept (COD-concept) applicable up to macroscopic yielding.  -  After a survey of three failure categories for cylindrical pressure vessels with axial through the wall cracks and the controlling material properties two examples are given for the application of fracture mechanics to test pressure vessels containing longitudinal slits.
    Notes: Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Bruchzähigkeit bei ebenem Deformationszustand Klc mittels Kompakt-Zugproben (Compact-tension-specimen) beschrieben, wie sie in den USA und Großbritannien in Normentwürfen verankert ist. Die Bedingungen für die erforderlichen Mindestwerte der Probendicke und Rißlänge werden angegeben. Die Klc-Werte nehmen mit sinkender Temperatur ab. Als Beispiel dienen eigene Meßergebnisse und Bruchflächenaufnahmen von dem Vergütungsstahl 30 Cr Ni Mo 8. Bei niedrigfesten Baustählen ist bei Raumtemperatur im allgemeinen die lineare elastische Bruchmechanik mit Klc nicht mehrgültig; sie wird daher ergänzt durch das Rißöffnungsverschiebungs-Konzept (crack opening displacement = COD), das bis in den Bereich makroskopischen Fließens anwendbar ist. - Nach einer Übersicht über drei bei zylindrischen Kesseln mit durch die Wanddicke gehenden axialen Rissen auftretende Bruchkategorien und die dafür charakteristischen Werkstoffkennwerte werden zwei Beispiele für die Anwendung der Bruchmechanik bei mit longitudinalen Schlitzen versehenen Versuchskesseln gegeben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 138-147 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical and chemical prestressing influences the deformation-behaviour of low carbon steels in impact-tensile-tests. Specimens of two differently, cold worked low carbon steels have been treated in pickling bath, by cold straining and in rotating bar fatigue tests in air and sulphured hydrogen. The effect of prestressing on the deformation behaviour will be revealed by instrumented impact-tension tests. True representation of the electronic measuring equipment allows to examine the deformation mechanism in pre macro-yield region (delayed yield phenumenon). An interpretation of the material behaviour is given with reference to dislocation theory.
    Notes: Durch Beizen der Proben, durch Vorrecken im statischen Zugversuch sowie durch umlaufende Biegebeanspruchung inn Luft und Schwefelwasserstoff wird das Verformungsverhalten der unter-suchten Kohlenstoffstähle im Schlagzugversuch beeinflußt. Die Veränderungen stellen sich in den aufgenommenen Kraft-Zeit-Kurven dar. Im besonderen nimmt die Zeit bis zum Erreichen der Streckgrenze und die Vorstreckgrenzen-Verformungsarbeit zu. Eine Verzögerung des Streckgrenzeneffektes (Fließverzögerung) tritt somit nicht ausschließlich durch Erhöhung der Beanspruchungsgeschwindigkeit ein, sondern bei konstant gehaltener Versuchsgeschwindigkeit auch infolge unterschiedlicher Vorbeanspruchungen, die ebenfalls die Versetzungsstruktur im Werkstoff verändern.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 167-167 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 167-167 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 167-167 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 203-204 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 197-203 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Refractory metals and alloys. The application of refractory metals such as niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium and rhenium at high temperatures is discussed on the basis of a compilation of their physical, chemical and technological properties. The present state of knowledge in this field indicates, that the high temperature strength needed can be obtained with some of the refractory alloys also at temperatures much higher than 1000°C. However, at present, the oxydation resistance has not yet been improved far enough to allow the use of these materials in air.
    Notes: Ausgehend von einer Übersicht über die physikalischen, chemischen und technologischen Eigenschaften der hochschmelzenden Metalle Niob, Tantal, Molybdän, Wolfram, Chrom und Rhenium sowie deren Legierungen werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Stoffgruppe als Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe besprochen.Der derzeitige Stand der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten auf diesem Gebiet läßt erkennen, daß die von der Technik geforderten Warmfestigkeitswerte von einigen Legierungen auch bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 1000°C erreicht werden. Die Oxydationsbeständigkeit konnte dagegen bisher noch nicht so weit verbessert werden, daß eine Anwendung in Luft möglich erscheint.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 222-223 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 243-250 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Nonmetallic high-temperature materials. Some special ceramics are considered as materials for applications above 1100°C. They exhibit good heat strength, excellent corrosion resistance and with some limitations sufficient thermal shock and impact resistance. Compared to metals, this interesting type of materials require more development.
    Notes: Einige Sonderkeramiken kommen als Werkstoffe für Temperaturbeanspruchungen oberhalb von 1100°C in Betracht. Sie verfügen über ausreichende Warmfestigkeiten und gute Korrosionseigenschaften und mit einigen Einschränkungen auch über einen brauchbaren Thermoschock- und Schlagwiderstand. Im Vergleich zu den Metallen ist diese interessante Materialklasse noch sehr entwicklungsfähig.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 239-243 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Adhesion and Interfacial Reactions in the αAl2O3/Ni Composite System. Composite models consisting of a zylindrical sapphire rod surrounded by a sintered nickel ring are used to determine the influence of small amounts of titanium or zirconium (as alloying additions in the nickel) on the adhesion and compatibility between the composite components. Poor nickel gives temporally and thermally stable-shear strength values between 50 and 70 N/mm2. With nickel containing 0,05 at.-% Ti or Zr the shear strength increases to 250-280 N/mm2 by using favourable sintering conditions (i. e. 1300°C, 1 h). This increase is caused by an improvement of adhesion which can be explained by the formation of strong chemical bonds. These bonds are produced by chemical reactions between the sapphire surface and the alloyed active metals Ti or Zr in the nickel. With longer sintering times, higher sintering temperatures, and/or higher active metal concentrations, these reactions cause roughening of the sapphire surface and precipitation of active metal oxide phases at the interface or in the adjacent nickel zone. Those reactions-caused alterations of the interface region are changing the shear behaviour and can lead to a decrease of shear strength. The shear strength values of such specimens dont allow conclusions of the real adhesion between the components.
    Notes: An Verbundwerkstoffmodellen aus zylindrischen Saphirstäben mit aufgesintertem Nickelring wird der Einfluß geringer Mengen von Titan oder Zirkon als Legierungsbestandteil im Nickel auf die Haftung und Verträglichkeit zwischen den Partnern unter-sucht. Mit unlegiertem Nickel werden zeitlich und thermisch stabile Scherfestigkeitswerte zwischen 50 und 70 N/mm2 erzielt. Enthält das Nickel 0,05 At-% Titan oder Zirkon, steigt bei günstigen Sinterbedingungen (z. B. 1300°C, 1 h) die Scherfestigkeit auf 250-280 N/mm2 an. Dieser Anstieg ist auf eine, Verbesserung der Haftung zwischen den Partnern zurückzuführen, die sich mit der Ausbildung chemischer Haftkräfte als Folge von Reaktionen zwischen der Saphiroberfläche und den im Nickel enthaltenen aktiven Legierungselementen Titan oder Zirkon erklären lassen. Bei längeren Haltezeiten, höheren Sintertemperaturen und/oder höheren Aktivmetallkonzentrationen führen diese Reaktionen zur Aufrauhung des Saphir und zur Ausscheidung von Oxidphasen der im Nickel enthaltenen aktiven Elemente in der Grenzfläche oder in einer grenzflächennahen Zone des Nickels. Diese reaktionsbedingten Grenzflächenveränderungen bewirken eine Änderung des Scherverhaltens, die sich in einer Verringerung der Scherfestigkeit äußern kann. Die an solchen Proben gemessenen Scherfestigkeitswerte lassen keine Rückschlüsse auf die tatsächliche Haftung zwischen den Partnern mehr zu.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 264-271 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 258-260 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 279-279 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 280-280 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 322-322 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 282-286 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Recent Development in the Field of Welding Technique. Because of important advantages as soundness of gap, no overlapping and possibility of mechanization the welding procedure takes a considerable plave in the wide field of joint techniques. Often the mechanical properties of the weld metal exceed the values of the base metal.The following report describes recent welding techniques: welding with cored-wire electrodes, the narrow-gap-welding and electron-beam welding at atmosphere. This procedures are often used for the welding of new grades of materials.
    Notes: Im vorliegenden Beitrag sind anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen neue Entwicklungen auf einigen Gebieten der Schweißtechnik beschrieben. Diese Entwicklung wird durch wirtschaftliche Gesichtspunkte wesentlich beschleunigt und ist noch nicht an ihrem Ende angelangt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 281-281 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 291-296 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Modern Method of Plasma Cutting. After having explained the Principle of the process the modern technique of plasma cutting with argon-hydrogen-mixtures and stick electrodes is described. Corresponding plants, torches and guiding machines are presented. The relations between plant power, cutting speed, plate thickness and cut quality are demonstrated. A comparison to traditional thermal cutting methods and a view to the application of plasma cutting are finishing the article.
    Notes: Nach Erläuterung des Verfahrensprinzips wird die neuzeitliche Technik des Plasmaschneidens mit Argon-Wasserstoff-Gemischen und Spitzenelektroden beschrieben. Entsprechende Geräte, Brenner und Führungseinrichtungen werden vorgestellt. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Anlagenleistung, Vorschubgeschwindigkeit und Blechdicke sowie Schnittqualität werden demonstriert. Ein Vergleich zu herkömmlichen thermischen Trennverfahren und ein Blick auf die Einsatzgebiete der Plasma-Schneidtechnik schließen den Artikel ab.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 420-424 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Hot Forged Materials from Steel Powders. Two types of materials are available: one type is derived from compositions of sintered steels with Cu, Ni, Mo as alloying elements where no comparisons with wrought steels are possible. The other one comprehend alloys with assimilated compositions of wrought heat treatable steels. Preference had been given first to alloying elements, which do not oxidize under neutral or slightly reducing atmosphere, e. g. steels of AISI 4600 serie.  -  In the mean time also cheaper raw materials e. g. low Cr.—Ni—Mn—Mo alloyed powders are used. The carbon content is adjusted by additions of graphite powder.  -  Differences in compositions in comparison to wrought steels exist in the silicon content, which is less than 0,10 % in opposite to 0,10 to 0,35 % in structural and heat treatable steels.  -  Yield-, tensile- and fatigue strength of powder forged materials are quite comparable with those of wrought steel of similar composition, while ductility, is a little bit less. Attention must be drawn, however, to the fact that the obtained values for elongation and impact strength are isotropical in the finished part, whereas the corresponding values of wrought steel will decrease rectangular to the forging direction, resp. to the direction of materials flow.
    Notes: Auf dem Werkstoffgebiet der Sinterschmiedestähle zeichnen sich zwei Entwicklungslinien ab; die eine baut auf den herkömmlichen Legierungen der Sinterstähle auf unter bevorzugter Verwendung der Legierungselemente Cu, Ni, Mo und C. Hier sind keine vergleichbaren Zusammensetzungen in der Schmelzmetallurgie vorhanden. Die andere lehnt sich an Zusammensetzungen der Bau- und Vergütungsstähle der Schmelzmetallurgie an. Hier wurden zunächst ebenfalls Legierungselemente bevorzugt, deren Oxidation unter neutraler oder leicht reduzierender Atmosphäre vermieden werden kann, wie z. B. Zusammensetzungen des Stahltyps AISI 4600. -  Mittlerweile ist man jedoch auch zu billigeren Rohstoffen, d. h. niedrig Cr—Mn—Ni—Mo—legierten Pulvern, denen Kohlenstoff in Form von Grafit zugegeben wird, übergegangen.  -  Unterschiede in der chemischen Zusammensetzung gegenüber schmelz metallurgisch hergestellten Stählen bestehen nur im Siliziumgehalt (max. 0,10% gegenüber 0,10-0,35 % bei den Bau- und Vergütungsstählen).Streckgrenzen-, Zug-und Dauerfestigkeitswerte der sintergeschmiedeten Werkstoffe stimmen gut mit den schmelzmetallurgisch hergestellten gleicher Zusammensetzung überein. Lediglich die Zähigkeitseigenschaften sind niedriger. Hierbei muß jedoch beachtet werden, daß diese etwas geringeren Zähigkeitseigenschaften am sintergeschmiedeten Bauteil in jeder Richtung erhalten werden, während die besseren Zähigkeitseigenschaften des erschmolzenen und dann umgeformten Bauteiles nur parallel zur Verformungsrichtung vorliegen. Das isotrope Eigenschaftsverhalten der sintergeschmiedeten Werkstoffe könnte für manche Bauteile von großem Interesse sein.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 324-333 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 333-333 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 335-335 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Relativity of the notion “stress” in destructive materials testing. Later developments of certain important fields in destructive testing can be correlated with the modification undergone by the notion of stress in its practical application: In connection with highly elastical and plastical deformation this notion becomes more and more relative because of its dependence on the time scale of the test; in the field of random loading the idea of a maximum tolerable stress has to be replaced by the algorythmic handling of irregular loading histories; in fracture mechanics stress can no longer be considered independently and has to be linked to influences of local distortions. Both random fatigue and fracture mechanics can by no means be regarded as entirely solved problems. Some directions are discussed in which the answers to open questions might be found. Some consequences for the conception of new testing equipment are mentioned.
    Notes: Die neuere Entwicklung einiger wichtiger Gebiete der zerstörenden Materialprüfung kann um die Wandlungen gruppiert werden, die der Begriff der Spannung in seiner praktischen Anwendung heute durchmacht: Bei der Betrachtung hochelastischer oder elastisch-plastischer Deformationen erfährt er eine erste zeitabhängige Relativierung; auf dem Gebiet der Betriebsfestigkeit muß die einst maßgebende Vorstellung von einer zulässigen Spannung durch die Erfassung unregelmäßiger Kollektive abgelöst werden; in der Bruchmechanik verliert der Spannungsbegriff seine Selbständigkeit und kann nur noch in Kombination mit Deformationseinflüssen betrachtet werden. Sowohl die Betriebsfestigkeit als auch die Bruchmechanik sind noch keineswegs abgeschlossene Problemkreise. Es werden die Richtungen diskutiert, in welchen die Beantwortung der heute anstehenden offenen Fragen zu suchen sein dürfte. Die Konsequenzen für den Bau von Prüfmaschinen werden gestreift.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 364-368 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Results with a hydrostatic compaction facility up to 15,000 atmospheres. A new facility for hydrostatic pressures up to 15,000 atmospheres is described. Results of hydrostatic compaction of several metal-, oxide-, carbide-, boride- and nitride-powders up to 15,000 atmospheres are presented and discussed.The effects appearing during compaction are described qualitatively considering a recently investigated fragmentation process.
    Notes: Es wird eine neuartige isostatische Kaltpreßanlage für Drücke bis über 15 000 at beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der Verdichtung von verschiedenen Metall-, Oxid-, Carbid-, Borid- und Nitrid- Pulvern beim isostatischen Pressen bis 15 000 at werden dargestellt und diskutiert. Die bei der Verdichtung auftretenden Vorgänge werden unter Berücksichtigung der früher untersuchten Teilchenzerkleinerungsprozesse qualitativ beschrieben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 385-391 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 377-382 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Reliability of statement by Poldi hardness test. A discussion for the reasons of fault by Poldi hardness is followed from inspection of dependability, which is guaranteed by the comparison bars. It can be accepted, that 2 of 3 used comparison bars have a tight coherence between the marked tensile strength and the effective tensile strength. The test variation from laboratory and operation tests on different steels and non-ferrous metals are communicated and explained. The obtainable comparison bars give no satisfactory in reproduction of measuring results. In high strength on principle too low Poldi hardness is obtained and too high Poldi hardness in low strength. By application of a simplified significant function and control of the strength condition for the comparison bars the reliability of Poldi hardness test will be improved.
    Notes: Nach einer Besprechung der Fehlerquellen bei der Härteprüfung mit dem Poldihammer wird die Zuverlässigkeit der Poldi-Vergleichsstäbe untersucht. Bei 2 von 3 verwendeten Vergleichsstäben kann mit einem straffen Zusammenhang zwischen der angegebenen Nennzugfestigkeit und der tatsächlichen Zugfestigkeit gerechnet werden. Die Versuchsstreuungen aus Labor- und Betriebsversuchen an verschiedenen Stählen und Nichteisenmetallen werden mitgeteilt und erläutert. Die im Handel erhältlichen Vergleichsstäbe erlauben keine befriedigende Meßgenauigkeit. Grundsätzlich werden bei niedrigen Festigkeiten zu hohe Poldihärten und bei hohen Festigkeiten zu niedrige Poldihärten ermittelt. Durch Anwendung einer vereinfachten Regressionsfunktion und stichprobenhafte Kontrolle des Festigkeitszustandes der Vergleichsstäbe kann die Aussagesicherheit bei der Härteprüfung mit dem Poldihammer verbessert werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 392-392 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 432-433 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 434-436 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems of Tracking Tests. The influence of the electrolyte, the material of the electrodes and the test voltage on the results were explored. Furthermore tracking tests with D. C. were described. A table of test results, obtained with D. C. and A. C. and also different electrolytes allows a comparision of the tracking behavior of a large number of materials.
    Notes: Es Wird über Einflüsse der Prüflösung, des Elektrodenwerkstoffes und der Prüfspannung auf das Prüfergebnis sowie über das Temperaturverhalten der Proben berichtet. Einer Beschreibung von Prüfungen mit Gleichspannung ist eine Tabelle mit Prüfergebnissen, ermittelt bei Gleich- und Wechselspannung (Prüflösungen A und F), angefügt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 437-439 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 448-448 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 93-94 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 81-86 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modern use of radioisotopes in wear measurement - Modern methods using low activities and sensitive and reliable measuring equipment allow for an advantageous use of radioisotopes in wear measurements. The modern thin layer activation method using the irradiation of any visible section of an engine part with heavy charged particles originating from an accelerator creates radioisotopes only in a thin zone under the surface. Generally, the activity of engine parts activated by this method is roughly a thousand times lower than that of parts activated by thermal neutrons as usually done before. Use of different types and energies of bombarding particles will produce recognizably different patterns of radioisotopes even in targets consisting of the same material, and thus permits the simultaneous measurement of several components of wear. Handling, transportation, and storage of engine parts trated by the thin layer activation method does not create any danger and, therefore, no additional expenses. This means that wear measurements using radioisotopes can now be carried out anywhere without protective measures.
    Notes: Moderne Verfahren unter Verwendung niedriger Aktivitäten und empfindlicher und zuverlässiger Meßgeräte erlauben einen vorteilhaften Einsatz von Radioisotopen in der Verschleißmessung. Beim modernen Dünnschicht-Aktivierungsverfahren, bei dem beliebige sichtbare Zonen eines Maschinenteils mit schweren geladenen Teilchen aus einem Beschleuniger bestrahlt werden, entstehen Radioisotope nur in einer dünnen Schicht unter der Oberfläche. Die Aktivität der so behandelten Maschinenteile liegt etwa um einen Faktor tausend unter derjenigen, wie sie nach früher benützten Verfahren mit thermischen Neutronen hervorgerufen werden würde. Durch Verwendung verschiedener Arten und Energien von bestrahlenden Teilchen kann man selbst in Teilen aus dem gleichen Material deutlich unterscheidbare Radioisotope erzeugen. Damit wird es möglich, verschiedene Verschleißkomponenten gleichzeitig zu messen. Nach der Dünnschichtaktivierungs-Methode behandelte Maschinenteile sind im Umgang, Transport und Lagerung völlig gefahrlos und verursachen damit auch keine zusätzlichen Kosten. Damit können Verschleißmengen unter Verwendung radioaktiver Isotope heute überall ohne besondere Schutzmaßnahmen durchgeführt werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 95-98 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 133-138 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Steel Surfaces after Fricton Processes. Steel surfaces which have been treated by friction under different conditions are investigated by scanning-electron-microscopy. The well-Known differences in the treatment by either reciprocating or continuous sliding may be separated in pictures of high magnification very accurately. Liquid lubricants during boundary lubrication from layers of certain solidity on the surfaces. The addition of antiwear-additives gives a better adhesion of the layers on the substrate. The behaviour of additives containing phosphorus are investigated thoroughly and compared with competing results given in the literature. It is stated by magnified surface pictures that the original conditions of the surfaces have minor influence on the wear process.
    Notes: Kontaktflächen werden durch Reibvorgänge meistens angegriffen. Der Einfluß der Flächenpressung, der Reibgeschwindigkeit und des Werkstofftyps sowie die Auswirkung von Schmierstoffen auf diesen Angriff werden gewöhnlich als abgetragenes Werkstoffvolumen, als Gewichtsverlust oder als Änderung des Oberflächenprofils in numerischen Größen angegeben. In dieser Untersuchung werden zur Beurteilung des Reibflächenangriffs Aufnahmen mit dem Raster-Elektronenstrahl-Mikroskop (REM) herangezogen. Es werden die unterschiedlichen Angriffsformen durch kontinuierliche Reibbewegung und durch Reibschwingungen (Reibkorrosion) sowohl ohne als auch mit Anwesenheit von Schmierstoffen gezeigt. An der vollständigen Veränderung von sehr rauhen Oberflächen kann der Nachweis geführt werden, daß bei Abriebvorgängen der Anfangszustand der Reibflächen keine Rolle spielt. Verschleißmindernde Zusätze zum Öl ergeben ein anderes Bild, als wenn das Öl ohne Zusätze verwendet wird.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 113-122 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Basis principles of fracture mechanics. Based upon the linearelastic equations for the stress field in a tension stressed body containing a crack and upon the energy condition for the unstable crack propagation the quantities stress intensity factor and crack extension force are derived. Taking into account the plastic zone combined with the crack propagation in real bodies the linear-elastic relations hold furthermore with a sufficient accuracy if the length of the plastic zone is small compared with the crack length (small scale yielding). Then the fracture toughness is a materials constant. The nonlinear extension of these equations for the partly plastic range exhibit that the critical crack opening stretch is likewise a materials constant up to a length of the plastic zone comparable with the crack length. In all these cases the fracture stress decreases with increasing crack length and has a value below about 0.7 times the yield stress under uniaxial tension (low stress fracture). Approaching to the fully plastic yielding these statements become invalid, the fracture stress is greater than the uniaxial yield stress and is independent of the crack length. To obtain a perceptible picture of these statements the numerical values of the quantities are presented for a pressure vessel steel and for a heat-treatable steel.  - The principles of the fracture mechanics and of the COS-concept are described. In this connection the plastic instability of pressure gas pipelines are mentioned and furthermore it is discussed if it is necessary - at all - to examine the structural steels with the methods of the fracture mechanics.
    Notes: An Hand der linear-elastischen Gleichungen für das Spannungsfeld in einem zugbelasteten Körper mit Riß und der Energiebedingungen für die instabile Ausbreitung des Risses werden die Begriffe Spannungsintensitätsfaktor und Rißausbreitungskraft abgeleitet. Bei Berücksichtigung der in wirklichen Körpern mit der Rißausbreitung verbundenen plastischen Zone, bleiben die linearelastischen Beziehungen mit hinreichender Genauigkeit bestehen, wenn die Länge dieser Zone klein ist gegenüber der Rißlänge (örtlich plastisches Fließen). Dann ist die Bruchzähigkeit eine Werkstoffkenngröße. Die nichtlinearen Erweiterungen dieser Beziehungen für den teilplastischen Bereich ergeben, daß bis zu einer mit der Rißlänge vergleichbaren Länge der plastischen Zone die kritische Rißaufweitung ebenfalls einen Werkstoffkennwert darstellt. In allen diesen Fällen nimmt die Reißspannung mit zunehmender Rißlänge ab und liegt unterhalb des rund 0,7-fachen Wertes der Fließgrenze bei fehlender Kerbwirkung (Bruch bei niedriger Spannung). Mit Annäherung an das vollplastische Fließen werden diese Aussagen ungültig, die Reißspannung wird größer als diese Fließgrenze und unabhängig von der Rißlänge. Zur Veranschaulichung dieser Zusammenhänge werden Zahlenwerte der Größen für einen Druckbehälterstahl und für einen Vergütungsstahl angegeben.  - Die auf diesen Ergebnissen beruhenden Prinzipien der Bruchmechanik und des COS-Konzepts werden beschrieben. Dabei wird auf die plastische Instabilität bei Druckgasrohren hingewiesen und erörtert, wann bei den allgemeinen Baustählen eine bruchmechanische Prüfung überhaupt erforderlich ist.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 147-149 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 152-153 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 153-155 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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