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  • General Chemistry  (1.021)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (549)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (281)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • ddc:330
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (2.038)
  • 1972  (2.038)
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  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (2.038)
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  • 1
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    Miniature battery-operated electromagnetic flowmeter (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-21
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Life Sci. Publ., Vol. 2; 7 p
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  • 2
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    Solar corona photography, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: Photographic observations of the solar corona by the Apollo 16 command module pilot while in lunar orbit are reported. These were designed to provide data on outer coronal forms and intensities to elongation angles of 25 deg. The results of Apollo 15 solar corona photography verified the procedures and provided the first photographs of identifiable coronal streamers curving at elongation angles of some 10 deg. By using the Apollo 15 data, exposure settings were optimized for Apollo 16, and the results show a significant improvement in photometric quality over the large range of brightness to be photographed. Ground observations of the inner solar corona (to approximately 2 solar radii from Sun center) indicate a general lack of coronal structure, and results of data reduction thus far show no streamer structure at large elongation angles.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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  • 3
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    Astronomical photography. Part A: Gum nebula, galactic cluster, and zodiacal light photography (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: It is reported that the Apollo 16 command module astronomical photography was performed with the specific objective of capitalizing on the uniqueness of the double umbra as a vantage point to collect astronomical data that are obtainable only near our Moon. For this reason, these data will be compared directly to analogous photography performed from Earth orbit during Project Mercury and the Gemini Program as well as to the Apollo-duplicated photography taken from sites on the Earth surface. Comparison with Earth-based photography should yield direct information on the Earth airglow layer and on atmospheric scattering and extinction.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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  • 4
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    Photogrammetry using Apollo 16 orbital photography, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: Discussion is made of the Apollo 15 and 16 metric and panoramic cameras which provided photographs for accurate topographic portrayal of the lunar surface using photogrammetric methods. Nine stereoscopic models of Apollo 16 metric photographs and three models of panoramic photographs were evaluated photogrammetrically in support of the Apollo 16 geologic investigations. Four of the models were used to collect profile data for crater morphology studies; three models were used to collect evaluation data for the frequency distributions of lunar slopes; one model was used to prepare a map of the Apollo 16 traverse area; and one model was used to determine elevations of the Cayley Formation. The remaining three models were used to test photogrammetric techniques using oblique metric and panoramic camera photographs. Two preliminary contour maps were compiled and a high-oblique metric photograph was rectified.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 5
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    Photogrammetry and altimetry. Part A: Apollo 16 laser altimeter (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The laser altimeter measures precise altitudes of the command and service module above the lunar surface and can function either with the metric (mapping) camera or independently. In the camera mode, the laser altimeter ranges at each exposure time, which varies between 20 and 28 sec (i.e., 30 to 43 km on the lunar surface). In the independent mode, the laser altimeter ranges every 20 sec. These altitude data and the spacecraft attitudes that are derived from simultaneous stellar photography are used to constrain the photogrammetric reduction of the lunar surface photographs when cartographic products are generated. In addition, the altimeter measurements alone provide broad-scale topographic relief around the entire circumference of the moon. These data are useful in investigating the selenodetic figure of the moon and may provide information regarding gravitational anomalies on the lunar far side.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 6
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    Examination of the Surveyor 3 surface sampler scoop (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The operation and external appearance of the surface sampling scoop are discussed. An attempt was made to measure the magnitude of the existing adhesion between the lunar soil and the various surfaces of the scoop.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 100-114
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  • 7
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    NASA-ARC 36 inch airborne infrared telescope (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: A 36 in. aperture telescope is being developed for installation aboard a NASA-Lockheed C-141A aircraft. This airborne observatory will permit observation of infrared emission at altitudes above 45,000 ft above much of the infrared-absorbing atmospheric water vapor. The telescope will look through a movable open port in the aircraft fuselage. A porous spoiler, upstream from the open port, will attenuate pressure disturbances and permit operation at ambient temperatures and pressures without an obscuring window. The telescope's entire structure is supported by a 16 in. spherical air bearing, which effectively isolates it from angular aircraft motions. This air bearing support, with inertial stabilization and star tracking, will permit net line of sight stability of better than 2 arcsec rms.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: 6th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 81-88
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  • 8
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    Astronomical photography, part T (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: Photographic observations of astronomical interest conducted during the Apollo 15 mission are discussed. Procedures used in photographing the solar corona are described together with calibration and reduction methods. In addition, selected preliminary results obtained from the photography are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Its Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 39 p
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  • 9
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    First earthshine photography from lunar orbit, part S (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The first photographs of the moon taken with earthshine illumination by the Apollo 15 crew were examined. Emphasis in the analysis was placed on a comparison of predicted exposures and obtained exposures. The results of the investigation indicate the following: (1) The predicted exposure of the maria areas and the obtained exposures were in reasonably close agreement. (2) The apparent-albedo values obtained for the floor of Aristarchus Crater are seven times greater than those for the maria.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 10
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    The particles and fields subsatellite magnetometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: It is reported that the objectives of the particles and fields subsatellite (PFS) magnetometer experiment are to calculate the interior electrical conductivity of the moon, to survey the remanent magnetization of the lunar surface, and to study the interaction of the moon with its plasma environment. The magnetometers also support the PFS particle experiment by providing onboard magnetic sectoring and a posteriori pitch angle data and plasma diagnostics.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te]; 13 p
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  • 11
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    X-ray fluorescence experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, carried in the scientific instrument module bay of the command and service module, was used for orbital mapping of the lunar surface composition and X-ray galactic observations during transearth coast. The lunar surface measurements involved observations of the intensity and characteristic energy distribution of the secondary or fluorescent X-rays produced by the interaction of solar X-rays with the lunar surface. The astronomical observations consisted of relatively long periods of X-ray measurement of preselected galactic sources such as Cygnus (Cyg X-1) and Scorpius (Sco X-1).
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 12
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    Far UV camera/spectrograph (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The far UV camera/spectrograph deployed in the Apollo 16 mission recorded light in the invisible band of wavelengths between 50 and 160 nm, approximately one-third the wavelength that can penetrate the atmosphere of the earth to ground based telescopes. The photographs obtained show hydrogen and other gases in the solar wind and interplanetary media, and provide new data on stars, nebulae, and galaxies. The instrument is described, the experimental goals outlined, and the preliminary results discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 13
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    Lunar orbital mass spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: A lunar orbital mass spectrometer carried by the Apollo 16 command and service module was used to detect the lunar atmosphere and to search for active lunar volcanism. The experimental procedure and results are described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 14
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    Gamma ray spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The transearth coast period of the Apollo 16 mission provided an opportunity to study the astronomical sources of gamma radiation. This experiment was used to aid compositional identification for geochemical mapping of the lunar surface.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 15
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    UV photography of the earth and moon (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: This experiment obtained imagery of the earth and the moon at a series of wavelength intervals in the near ultraviolet. These photographs were used to aid in the interpretation of the UV appearance of other planets in the solar system, especially mars and venus. The filter and film characteristics are described, as well as the ozone absorption coefficient curve.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 16
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    Surveyor television camera, selected materials and electronic components, Appendix C (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The locations of various parts of the Surveyor camera are presented. Tables were prepared with emphasis on: (1) exterior parts and surfaces that are directly exposed to space, (2) parts that shield others from space radiation, (3) representative or unique materials, and (4) electronic devices that may contain unique or well-characterized materials.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 278-283
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  • 17
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    High voltage transmission microscopy of Surveyor 3 camera shrouds (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The internal structure of painted and unpainted aluminum alloy sheet samples from the TV camera shrouds were examined by high-voltage transmission electron microscopy. No clear-cut evidence of radiation damage effects was observed. Noticeable differences in microstructures between the upper visor and the sides and bottom of the lower shroud suggest different thermal histories, and the maximum temperatures due to solar heating are estimated to be between 164 and 319 C. Some correlation between microstructures and maximum estimated temperature is noted. It is felt that the apparent temperature rise due to solar heating will not affect the structural integrity of spacecraft components except possibly for very long periods of exposure. However, substantial thermal diffusion could affect interpretation of solar wind rare gas studies.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 184-196
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  • 18
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    A contamination experiment investigating the failure of the Nimbus 4 filter wedge spectrometer (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: A ground test is described wherein a quartz crystal microbalance was used in defining the quantity and direction of a contaminant. The cause of the failure of an experiment in orbit was thus confirmed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Space Simulation; p 469-485
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  • 19
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    An instrument for real time detection of contamination in space environmental tests chambers (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: An instrument for in situ vacuum detection of surface reflectance changes at 1216A was designed. Using successive reflections, this instrument is more sensitive as an indicator of reflectance changes than similar instruments having only a single reflection. The selection of each component of the instrument and its operational performance is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Space Simulation; p 503-519
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  • 20
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    Alpha-particle spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: Observation of lunar radon emanation during the Apollo 15 and 16 missions shows the existence of areas with locally high emanation rates. The most conspicuous Rn-222 feature found in the data analysis is a region that includes Aristarchus Crater. The excess emanating power of the Aristarchus region may be an indication of internal activity at that site. There are regions with anomalously high rates of Po-210 activity, which indicates transient phenomena involving the release of Rn-222 gas from certain areas of the moon.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 21
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    Assessment of advances in structural analysis for space shuttle (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The latest technology for structural analysis in relation to the design tasks that lie ahead for the space shuttle is reviewed. For shell-of-revolution structures, the analysis can be formulated as a one-dimensional problem which is readily solved by using finite-difference or numerical-integration techniques. For more general asymmetric shells, a two-dimensional formulation is required. However, the governing equations are readily formulated and are amenable to solution by finite-difference techniques. For a completely general structural arrangement, such as structural frameworks, recourse is usually made to discretized formulations using finite elements. Of course, the finite-element programs could be used for shell structures, but at a loss in accuracy and increase in computer time compared with the special purpose programs.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 685-725
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  • 22
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    Shutter mechanism for spacecraft spectrophotometer (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: A shutter mechanism is described for the backscatter ultraviolet spectrophotometer experiment on the Nimbus D satellite. The purpose of the experiment is to determine spatial distribution of atmospheric ozone from measurements of ultraviolet radiation backscattered by the earth's atmosphere. The system consists of two independent, rotary cylinder shutters, controlled by a dual star Geneva mechanism, and driven by a single stepper motor. A single driver controls a combination of two independently driven Geneva stars. Design considerations involved the use of low friction, nonmetallic materials.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Res. Center 6th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 95-100
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  • 23
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    Near-terminator photography, part R (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The advantages resulting from the use of near-terminator photography in lunar surface investigations are discussed. It is pointed out that, under near-terminator conditions, small changes in slope produce greater contrast changes than at high sun elevation angles. This desirable phenomenon is confirmed by an examination of the near-terminator photography taken during the Apollo 15 mission. Many of the photographs obtained show lunar surface areas within a few degrees of the terminator and are therefore of significant geologic interest. In addition, many geologic features stand out in a distinct manner not normal in conventional lunar photography, thus providing additional data on the surface morphology and the configuration of a large number of lunar surface structures.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 24
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    Apollo 15 laser altimeter, part D (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The laser altimeter, consisting of a Q switched ruby laser, transmitting optics, counting timer, receiving optics, and a photomultiplier is described. Harmonic analysis of the mission data is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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  • 25
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    Examination of returned Surveyor 3 camera visor for alpha radioactivity (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-30
    Beschreibung: The TV camera visor was placed in a vacuum chamber and examined for alpha radioactivity using an alpha-scattering instrument, and plates covered with the same paint and made at the same time as the visor were used as a control. The spectra of visor and plates are very similar, and it is concluded that the gross activity on the visor is due entirely to the activity of the paint. The data were used to obtain the amount of Po-210 activity on the lunar surface. It is felt that the lack of detected alpha radioactivity does not indicate a lack of activity on the moon, since dust layers were knocked off the visor.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 177-180
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  • 26
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    Convective heating measurement by means of an infrared camera (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-18
    Beschreibung: The development of rapid and accurate wind tunnel techniques to measure convective heating distributions in complex reentry configurations is discussed. Major emphasis was put on the infrared camera technique. Its essence is the measurement of infrared emission from the surface of a wind tunnel model as a function of time. Prior calibration of the infrared camera relates the emission to the surface temperature of the model. The time history of the surface temperature can then be related to the heating rate by standard techniques. The output of the camera is an electrical signal that is tape-recorded in analog form, then digitized and processed by computer, so that automated and relatively rapid data reduction can be accomplished. In addition, the camera produces real-time visual displays of the infrared emission as pictures on an oscilloscope screen. These pictures give immediate indications of hot and cool spots on the model.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 645-660
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  • 27
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    Head-up displays for STOL visual approaches (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-27
    Beschreibung: A simulation study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a simple head-up display in improving glide-slope tracking performance during steep visual approaches in a STOL aircraft. The head-up display featured an attitude-stabilized horizon bar and glide-slope reference bar parallel to and 7.5 deg below the horizon bar. On some approaches a flight-path marker symbol showing the projected ground impact point was also displayed. Half of the approaches were flown in a conventional mode in which the pilot changed pitch attitude to correct for height errors. The remaining approaches were flown in a direct-lift mode in which the pilot modulated thrust to change the flight-path angle without pitching the aircraft.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: STOL Technol.; p 227-243
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  • 28
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    The response of covered silicon detectors to monoenergetic gamma rays. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurements have been made of the efficiency in detecting gamma rays of a 0.3-mm-, 3-mm-, and 5-mm-thick silicon detector covered with different absorbers. Calibrated sources over the range from 279 keV to 2.75 MeV were used. The need for the absorbers to obtain meaningful results and their contribution to the response of the detectors at electron biases from 50 to 200 keV are discussed in detail. It is shown that the results are virtually independent of the atomic number of the absorber. In addition, the role of the absorber in increasing the efficiency with increasing photon energy for low bias settings is demonstrated for the 0.3-mm crystal. Qualitative explanations are given for the shapes of all curves of efficiency versus energy at each bias.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Nuclear Science and Engineering; 47; Apr. 197
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  • 29
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    Extreme ultraviolet solar images televised in-flight with a rocket-borne SEC vidicon system. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A TV image of the entire sun while an importance 2N solar flare was in progress was recorded in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation band 171-630 A and was transmitted to ground from an Aerobee-150 rocket on Nov. 4, 1969 using S-band telemetry. The camera tube was a SEC vidicon, with its fiber optic faceplate coated with an XUV-to-visible conversion layer of p-quaterphenyl. The XUV passband was produced by three 1000-A thick aluminum filters in series together with the platinized reflecting surface of the off-axis paraboloid that imaged the sun. A number of images were recorded with integration times between 1/30 sec and 2 sec. Reconstruction of pictures was enhanced by combining several to reduce the noise.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; May 1972
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  • 30
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    Radiometer for remote sounding of the upper atmosphere. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The pressure-modulated carbon dioxide radiometer is a new kind of instrument capable of making temperature soundings in the 40-80-km region of the earth's atmosphere. It is intended to be mounted on a polar-orbiting satellite, where it will give global coverage of the upper atmosphere in a region that is not well understood at present but that is, as rocket soundings show, clearly the seat of many interesting and vigorous phenomena. The new technique employs a cell containing carbon dioxide as a filter. The pressure and hence transmission of this cell is periodically modulated, resulting in the selection of thermal radiation from the strong lines in the spectrum of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This radiation originates at levels in the atmosphere where the pressure is low. The energy grasp of the device is large enough to give high sensitivity.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; Jan. 197
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    Thermospheric temperature measurement technique. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A method for measurement of temperature in the earth's lower thermosphere from a high-velocity probes is described. An undisturbed atmospheric sample is admitted to the instrument by means of a free molecular flow inlet system of skimmers which avoids surface collisions of the molecules prior to detection. Measurement of the time-of-flight distribution of an initially well-localized group of nitrogen metastable molecular states produced in an open, crossed electron-molecular beam source, yields information on the atmospheric temperature. It is shown that for high vehicle velocities, the time-of-flight distribution of the metastable flux is a sensitive indicator of atmospheric temperature. The temperature measurement precision should be greater than 94% at the 99% confidence level over the range of altitudes from 120-170 km. These precision and altitude range estimates are based on the statistical consideration of the counting rates achieved with a multichannel analyzer using realistic values for system parameters.
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    Piston manometer as an absolute standard for vacuum-gauge calibration. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Determination of the total pressure in a calibration volume by measuring the force on a thin circular disk, of accurately known area, that is freely suspended in a hole in the container wall, so that the disk is substantially flush with the wall. The disk almost fills the hole, so that there is a narrow annular gap. A continuous flow of calibrating gas, injected into the container in order to maintain a desired pressure, passes through the annular gap to a diffusion pump. The ratio of pressures on the two faces of the disk is of the order of 100:1, so that downstream pressure need be known only nominally in order to deduce the upstream surface. Force on the disk is measured by a balance that is calibrated in situ with dead weights. In one arrangement, pressures in the range from 10 to 500 microtorr were measured with an estimated probable error of (1 microtorr + 1%).
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    Neutral-particle wake method for measuring the atmospheric temperature from a satellite. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of a method that would permit a satellite-borne neutral mass spectrometer to measure the atmospheric temperature. The spectrometer examines the partial pressure variations that occur as the wake of a small rectangular baffle is swept across the entrance orifice of the spectrometer. For a given baffle size and for a mounting distance from the orifice, the depth of the resulting pressure minimum depends only on the thermal velocity or temperature of the observed species. The validity of the method can be checked by measuring the wake characteristics of more than one species and/or by employing each of several baffle sizes. The theory includes the effect of a finite orifice size, finite baffle length, and the backscattering of particles from the baffle into the orifice. It is found that a suitable baffle arrangement can be achieved that will permit the temperature to be measured over at least the range normally encountered in the thermosphere (200 to 2000 K) and, depending on the sensitivity and background pressure of the spectrometer, over an altitude range of about 140 to 600 km.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 77; Apr. 1
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    Selected-zone dark-field electron microscopy. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of a new method which makes it possible to reduce drastically the resolution-limiting influence of chromatic aberration, and thus to obtain high-quality images, by selecting the image-forming electrons that have passed through a small annular zone of an objective lens. In addition, the manufacture of special objective-lens aperture diaphragms that are needed for this method is also described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Physics Letters; 20; Feb. 1
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    Electronic systems for the new multichannel spectrometer at Sacramento Peak. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of the design features and operation of a new multichannel solar spectrometer to be used for ground-based observations of active regions whose X-ray and EUV emissions are studied by the OSO-H and other satellites. The electronic systems associated with the instrument include (1) an electrooptical guider controlled by a punched paper tape capable of making raster scans of selected portions of the solar disk, (2) a programmer unit that applies paper-tape commands to various portions of the instrument, (3) a closed-loop servosystem for the vacuum heliostat, (4) stepping motor controls for spectral scans, (5) a 40-channel photomultiplier readout, and (6) a magnetometer. Preliminary solar observations indicate satisfactory performance of the system.
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    The large space telescope instrumentation. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Aspects of the Large Space Telescope project (LST) as it is developing at the Goddard Space Flight Center are presented and a brief discussion is given of the types of observing program that might be handled. The special characteristics of an LST are large light-gathering power, good spectral efficiency from 900 A to 5 microns, near diffraction limited performance, launch by the space shuttle into a low orbit like that of the Orbiting Astronomical Observatories, and a lifetime of at least 10 years. A basic set of instruments to be used with the telescope might include on-axis cameras with broad-band filter response, an imaging spectrograph, a low-resolution spectrograph, a high-resolution spectrograph, spectrum scanners, narrow-band photometers, interferometers for use in the near infrared, polarimeters for use in the ultraviolet, and provision for measuring the time variations of the light from astronomical objects on a scale of milli-seconds as well as on a scale of minutes, hours, days, and weeks.
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    Photographing flow fields and heat-transfer patterns in color simultaneously. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A color-schlieren technique is described that combines the flow-field shock shapes and the phase-change coating to give a very descriptive account of aerodynamic heating. This technique employs, in addition to the conventional schlieren system, a temperature-sensitive material as a thin surface coating that undergoes a visible phase change from opaque solid to clear liquid at a known temperature. The resulting pictures can lead to a better understanding of shock/boundary layer interactions, as shown with the aid of a specific example.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 10; Apr. 197
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  • 38
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    Fabry lens. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of the properties, operation, and applications of the Fabry lens. As used in stellar photometry, a Fabry lens is nothing more than a simple converging lens inserted into the optical train of a photometer to construct an image of the objective on the photomultiplier cathode. The thereby derived advantages are reviewed, and some techniques designed to maximize these advantages are outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; Feb. 197
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  • 39
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    Analog simulation of a gas pressure regulator. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The behavior characteristics of direct-acting gas pressure regulators are discussed in terms of spring force, flow force, and friction force. The dynamics of the metering valve and bellows assembly are described by equating all forces on the valve to zero. Continuity equations for the regulator are derived. Simulations are carried out to determine effects of sensing orifice diameter, poppet stem friction, output volume, and supply pressure on regulator behavior. Several regulator configurations are studied.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Instruments and Control Systems; 45; Apr. 197
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  • 40
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    Finite elements of nonlinear continua. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The finite element method is extended to a broad class of practical nonlinear problems, treating both theory and applications from a general and unifying point of view. The thermomechanical principles of continuous media and the properties of the finite element method are outlined, and are brought together to produce discrete physical models of nonlinear continua. The mathematical properties of the models are analyzed, and the numerical solution of the equations governing the discrete models is examined. The application of the models to nonlinear problems in finite elasticity, viscoelasticity, heat conduction, and thermoviscoelasticity is discussed. Other specific topics include the topological properties of finite element models, applications to linear and nonlinear boundary value problems, convergence, continuum thermodynamics, finite elasticity, solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations, and discrete models of the nonlinear thermomechanical behavior of dissipative media.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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    Dynamic response analysis of geometrically non-linear structures subjected to high impact. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of an efficient digital computer method for the determination of the propagation of elastic stresses and deformations in certain geometrically nonlinear structures subjected to high impact loading. The finite-element matrix displacement approach utilizing curved quadrilateral shell elements in conjunction with a nodewise predictor-corrector method employing Runge-Kutta extrapolation techniques has been adopted for the present solution. The related computer program written in FORTRAN V for the UNIVAC 1108 computer has proved to be effective for the solution of a range of practical problems including rectangular and cylindrical panels. Numerical results are presented for a relevant structure, the cell container, and the negative electrode of an impact-resistant battery subjected to high impact, simulating its free landing on a planetary surface.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 4; Mar
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  • 42
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    Calibration of small gauge thermocouples. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A technique has been developed to dynamically calibrate fine wire thermocouples of 0.025 mm diam and smaller to 1625 K in less than 10 sec. In this method, the varying physical parameters present under typical dynamic heating conditions are simulated, and therefore, wire deterioration can be related to time, temperature, pressure, and atmosphere. A description of the equipment and procedures is given along with the preliminary results that correlate well with thermoelectric theory.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Jan. 197
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    Cameras on the moon with Apollos 15 and 16. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of the cameras used for photography and television by Apollo 15 and 16 missions, covering a hand-held Hasselblad camera for black and white panoramic views at locations visited by the astronauts, a special stereoscopic camera designed by astronomer Tom Gold, a 16-mm movie camera used on the Apollo 15 and 16 Rovers, and several TV cameras. Details are given on the far-UV camera/spectrograph of the Apollo 16 mission. An electronographic camera converts UV light to electrons which are ejected by a KBr layer at the focus of an f/1 Schmidt camera and darken photographic films much more efficiently than far-UV. The astronomical activity of the Apollo 16 astronauts on the moon, using this equipment, is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Mercury; 1; Mar
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    Buckling of nearly cylindrical shells under lateral pressure. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The effect of slight meridional curvature on the buckling of shells subjected to an external constant directional lateral pressure is examined. A class of nearly cylindrical shells with constant meridional curvature, a central radius-to-thickness ratio of 500, and central rise-to-shell-length ratios varying from plus 5% to minus 5% is considered. A brief study is presented of the dependence of the critical lateral pressure on the meridional curvature and on the length and meridional edge restraint.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 10; Feb. 197
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    Effect of a slot on the buckling load of a cylindrical shell with a circular cutout. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The results are discussed of a study of the effect of slots on the buckling of cylinders with circular holes of systematically varied circularity. The results obtained suggest that the substantial increase in the buckling loads of cylindrical shells resulting from increases in slot length is due to a relief of the bending stress field.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 10; Feb. 197
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    Experimental investigation of strains in fabric under biaxial and shear forces. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The paper defines the experimental phase of an objective to obtain the mechanical characteristics and coefficients required by the generalized form of Hooke's law for nylon-polyurethane-coated fabric. Test specimens were cylindrical fabric sleeves and were loaded in axial tension by an Instron, in hoop tension by pressurizing, and in shear by a torquing fixture. An extensive amount of strain data is included for a wide combination of the three membrane loads. The tests indicate highly nonlinear stress-strain characteristics of the fabric and a strong dependency on all three membrane loads.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 9; Jan. 197
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    Compact photomultiplier housing with controlled cooling. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of a compact photomultiplier housing which can provide controlled cooling to the photomultiplier tube down to -90 C. The cooling is accomplished by flowing liquid nitrogen cooled helium gas through a series of coils which envelop the photocathode portion of the tube. The temperature is controlled by controlling the flow of the gas with a fine adjustable needle valve. The temperature is measured near the photocathode of the photomultiplier by a calibrated thermistor.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Apr. 197
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    A cavity type absorption cell for double resonance microwave spectroscopy. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of an experimental dual resonant cavity absorption cell for observing microwave spectroscopic double-resonance effects. The device is composed of two Fabry-Perot interferometers excited by independent microwave sources and mounted at right angles in a suitable vacuum enclosure. The pumping transition is modulated by one source and the modulation induced on the rf absorption in the orthogonal cavity is detected.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Apr. 197
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    Cloud microstructure as determined by an optical cloud particle spectrometer. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Use of an improved single-particle light-scattering instrument for measurement of cloud microstructure in field studies. Cloud particle size and number information is measured over 12 sizing intervals, in the range from 4 to 85 microns in diameter. The microstructure can be observed in real time and with a spatial resolution not previously reported. The general features of water cloud droplet size and number distributions are consistent with previous direct capture and replication studies. The transition from water to ice phase regions in cumuliform clouds can be inferred from dramatic changes observed in the distribution features. Results are also presented for stratus and cirrus cloud penetrations.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 11; Feb. 197
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    Heating rate controller for thermally stimulated conductivity and thermoluminescence measurements. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A temperature controller is described which enables the temperature of a sample mounted on a cold finger to be varied linearly with time. Heating rates between 0.5 and 10 K/min can be achieved for temperatures between 90 and 300 K. Provision for terminating the sample heating at any temperature between these extremes is available. The temperature can be held at the terminating temperature or be reduced to the starting temperature in a matter of minutes. The controller has been used for thermally stimulated conductivity measurements and should be useful for thermoluminescence measurements as well.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Feb. 197
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    A low power X-ray diffractometer for soil analysis in remote locations employing a multiwire proportional counter detector array. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A low power X-ray powder diffraction system suitable for remote mineralogical analysis of lunar, planetary, or asteroid soils has been designed. A one Curie Fe-55 source provides a monochromatic X-ray beam of 5.9 keV. Seeman-Bohlin focusing geometry is employed in the camera, allowing peak detection to proceed simultaneously at all angles and obviating the need for moving parts. The detector system is an array of 500-600 proportional counters with a wire-spacing of 1 mm. An electronics unit comprising preamplifier, postamplifier, window discriminators, and storage flip-flops requiring only 3.5 milliwatts has been designed and tested. Total instrument power is less than 5 W.
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    Zeeman effect of As II. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Spectrograms of As electrodeless-discharge tubes operated in a field of 24,025 G have given Zeeman patterns for 232 As II spectral lines from 2361 to 10,556 A and yielded 80 Lande g factors, of which more than half are new. There is agreement between these and the g values calculated by least-squares fitting for single configurations or for multiconfigurations, where configuration interaction is noticeable. All of the measured g values as well as the energy levels are used in the fitting process.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Society of America; vol. 62
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    Area influences and floating potentials in Langmuir probe measurements. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Analysis of the influence of a relatively small reference electrode on a Langmuir probe measurement of plasma density and temperature. The analysis employs the collisionless theory of Laframboise for spherical and cylindrical probes and in a completely general way includes a broad range of electron densities and temperatures, as well as all possible values of ion mass and multiplicity of ionization. It is shown that a ratio alpha of reference-electrode area to probe area of 10,000 will guarantee no distortion of the measurement as a result of a shifting reference-electrode potential. It is further shown that the constraint on alpha can be relaxed by approximately two orders of magnitude when the charge-normalized ion mass is decreased from 200 to 1 amu and the ratio of reference-electrode radius to Debye length is decreased from 100 to 0. An additional result of the analysis is the dependence of a probe's floating potential on its geometry and radius, as well as on the properties of the plasma. A discussion of the latter result reveals in a striking manner the significant differences between the ion-current responses of spherical and cylindrical probes.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physics; 43; Mar. 197
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    Infrared absorptivities of transition metals at room and liquid-helium temperatures. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Evaluation of experimental data concerning the normal spectral absorptivities of the transition metals, nickel, iron, platinum, and chromium, at both room and liquid-helium temperatures in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 50 microns. The absorptivities were derived from reflectivity measurements made relative to a room-temperature vapor-deposited gold reference mirror. The absorptivity of the gold reference mirror was measured calorimetrically, by use of infrared laser sources. Investigation of various methods of sample-surface preparation resulted in the choice of a vacuum-annealing process as the final stage. The experimental results are discussed on the basis of the anomalous-skin-effect theory modified for multiple conduction bands. As predicted, the results approach a single-band model toward the longer wavelengths. Agreement between theory and experiment is considerably improved by taking into account the modification of the relaxation time due to the photon-electron-phonon interaction proposed by Holstein (1954) and Gurzhi (1958); but, particularly at helium temperatures, the calculated curve is consistently below the experimental results.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Society of America; vol. 62
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    Profiling with the electron microscope. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of a profiling technique using a scanning electron microscope for obtaining depth information on a single micrograph of a small specimen. A stationary electron beam is used to form a series of contamination spots in a line across the specimen. Micrographs obtained by this technique are useful as a means of projection and display where stereo viewers are not practical.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering; 38; Mar. 197
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    Refractive index and birefringence of 2H silicon carbide. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurement of the refractive indices of 2H SiC over the wavelength range from 435.8 to 650.9 nm by the method of minimum deviation. A curve fit of the experimental data to the Cauchy dispersion equation yielded, for the ordinary index, n sub zero = 2.5513 + 25,850/lambda squared + 8.928 x 10 to the 8th power/lambda to the 4th power and, for the extraordinary index, n sub e = 2.6161 + 28,230/lambda squared + 11.490 x 10 to the 8th power/lambda to the 4th power when lambda is expressed in nm. The estimated error (standard deviation) in these values is plus or minus 0.0006 for n sub zero and plus or minus 0.0009 for n sub e. The birefringence calculated from these expressions is about 20% less than previously published values.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Society of America; vol. 62
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    Sonic-boom-induced building structure responses including damage. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Concepts of sonic-boom pressure loading of building structures and the associated responses are reviewed, and results of pertinent theoretical and experimental research programs are summarized. The significance of sonic-boom load time histories, including waveshape effects, are illustrated with the aid of simple structural elements such as beams and plates. Also included are discussions of the significance of such other phenomena as three-dimensional loading effects, air cavity coupling, multimodal responses, and structural nonlinearities. Measured deflection, acceleration, and strain data from laboratory models and full-scale building tests are summarized, and these data are compared, where possible, with predicted values. Damage complaint and claim experience due both to controlled and uncontrolled supersonic flights over communities are summarized with particular reference to residential, commercial, and historic buildings. Sonic-boom-induced building responses are compared with those from other impulsive loadings due to natural and cultural events and from laboratory simulation tests.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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    Establishing an upper bound for window response to the sonic boom. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Study of the failure of glass windows, which is probably the most severe problem confronting the SST program outside of the psychological and sociological aspects. The structural configuration most likely to suffer a window failure due to sonic boom excitation is one representable by a single large room, a single large window, and an open door. It is suggested that if the open door were replaced with another window the resultant stresses in both windows would be substantially reduced.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 21; Mar. 22
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    Small optical telescopes on the moon. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Problems associated with the design and operation of efficient lunar-based telescopes are discussed. The various types of reflecting telescopes and catadioptric optical systems developed so far are characterized and compared. Requirements concerning mounting of a telescope on the lunar surface are examined. Properties of materials to be used in manufacturing telescopes for a safe operation in the lunar environment are considered. Finally, the telescope size is dealt with.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Spaceflight; 14; Mar. 197
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    An instrument for the simultaneous detection of the OI ground state /2p4 3P/ and first metastable state /2p4 1D/ populations. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Dec. 197
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    Removal of a glowing spot from an image tube using laser radiation. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A troublesome problem with the Kron electronograph has been the presence of a white glowing spot on the glass wall of the tube adjacent to the focus electrode. The procedure followed to eliminate the spot was to operate in the dark and apply voltage only to the focused electrode. Ruby laser radiation was unfocused, and its position was shifted on the electrode between laser shots until an effect was observed. This technique for removing the glowing spot should be applicable to other electronic image tubes.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Dec. 197
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    Martian gas, soil sampler tested. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) is scheduled to be carried aboard the Mars Viking lander, which is to make a soft landing on the Martian surface. The GCMS has two distinct tasks including a sampling of the Martian atmosphere and an analysis of Martian soil. The instrument is designed to be highly sensitive. It can detect 0.1 part per million of organic compounds in the soil and from 10 to 100 parts per million of atmospheric constituents.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Aviation Week and Space Technology; 97; Nov. 13
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    Cleaning of contaminated channel electron multiplier arrays. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Polymerized organic materials found in vacuum systems frequently contaminate the individual channels (which can be as small as 15 microns) of an oil-pumped channel electron multiplier array used as a vacuum UV- to visible-radiation conversion device. It is shown that exposure to an oxygen plasma is an effective means of decontaminating the channels, thereby restoring the sensitivity of the device.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; Nov. 197
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    A portable self-contained gas chromatograph. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The design and fabrication of a completely portable, self-contained gas chromatograph is described. This instrument utilizes a closed-loop hydrogen carrier gas flow as maintained by a hydrogen generator-separator. It employs an auxiliary hydrogen generator to keep a positive flow of hydrogen through the detector. The detector is an ionization cross section detector. The only maintenance required is the addition of water (5-15 cc/day) to the auxiliary hydrogen generator. Lower limit of detection for the present system is of the order of 1-10 ppm ethane.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Oct. 197
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  • 65
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    Fourier spectrum of beams chopped by circular apertures. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The circular apertures in the case investigated are uniformly spaced. It is assumed that modulation does not alter beam collimation and that diffraction from aperture edges can be neglected. It is also assumed that the diameter of the apertures is equal to the spacing between the trailing edge and the leading edge of successive apertures. The motion of apertures across the beam is rectilinear. Calculations have been performed for both homogeneous and bivariate normal intensity distributions. The absolute values of the first six Fourier coefficients are plotted as a function of the beam radius normalized to aperture radius.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; Oct. 197
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    Absorption profile of a planetary atmosphere - A proposal for a scattering independent determination. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The use of scattering theory to infer atmospheric optical parameters requires the separation of absorption and scattering. It is demonstrated that a gradient flux relation exists that would provide the absorption (altitude) profile independently of scattering and irrespective of the state of polarization of the light field. The relation is derived for an atmosphere of plane-parallel or spherical geometry and for broad (continuum) and narrow (spectral line) frequency bands. The results are shown to hold, in particular, for the polarizations induced by both Rayleigh and Mie scattering in the field. Experimental setups are proposed for each of the cases considered of atmospheric geometry and frequency bandwidth.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; Oct. 197
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  • 67
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    Plane elastostatic analysis of V-notched plates. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Solutions are given for several plane elastostatic problems of plates having a V-notch on one edge, and subjected to a variety of boundary conditions. The effect of the magnitude of the V-notch angle and specimen geometry on stress intensity factors KI and KII are obtained for unloaded notch surfaces. There is less than one per cent difference in opening model stress intensity factor in going from a zero degree notch angle to a 30 degree notch angle. Notch opening displacements at the plate edge were measured experimentally, and the results obtained were in excellent agreement with the computed results.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: International Journal of Fracture Mechanics; 8; Sept
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  • 68
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    Instrumentation for balloon and rocket experiments. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of a number of plasma, particle, and field detectors used on rocket investigations in and above the earth's atmosphere. Emphasis is on magnetospheric and solar-interplanetary studies. A balloon-borne X-ray telescope system with 20-min pointing accuracy is discussed. A PCM telemetry system used on both balloons and rockets to handle scientific data is described which includes a simple Doppler ranging system that gives location to 1.5 km. A system to reduce and analyze PCM data on the ground is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Space Science Reviews; 13; June 197
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  • 69
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    A simple, low power, multiple pulse NMR spectrometer. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Sept
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  • 70
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    Experimental investigation of a holographic system that records front surface detail from a scene moving at high velocities. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; Sept
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  • 71
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    Regression technique for determining temperature profiles in the upper stratosphere from satellite-measured radiances. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Monthly Weather Review; 100; July 197
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  • 72
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    Study of fatigue crack initiation from flaws using fracture mechanics theory. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Engineering Fracture Mechanics; 4; June 197
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  • 73
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    Use of an infrared-imaging camera to obtain convective heating distributions. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The IR emission from the surface of a wind-tunnel model is determined as a function of time with the aid of an infrared-sensitive imaging camera. Prior calibration of the IR camera relates the emission to the surface temperature of the model. The time history of the surface temperature is then related to the heating rate by standard techniques. The output of the camera is recorded in analog form, digitized, and processed by a computer. In addition, real-time visual displays of the IR emissions are obtained as pictures on an oscilloscope screen.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 10; Aug. 197
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  • 74
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    Panel-flutter analysis of a thermal protection-shield concept for the space shuttle. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Analysis of the panel flutter characteristics of a candidate thermal protection system (TPS) for the space shuttle, using piston theory aerodynamics and Lagrange equations. The results show the TPS candidate panel array to be deep in the 'no-flutter' region during launch and, therefore, safe from panel flutter.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 10; Aug. 197
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    Rayleigh wave effects in an elastic half-space. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Consideration of Rayleigh wave effects in a homogeneous isotropic linearly elastic half-space subject to an impulsive uniform disk pressure loading. An approximate formula is obtained for the Rayleigh wave effects. It is shown that the Rayleigh waves near the center of loading arise from the portion of the dilatational and shear waves moving toward the axis, after they originate at the edge of the load disk. A study is made of the vertical displacement due to Rayleigh waves at points on the axis near the surface of the elastic half-space.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 10; Aug. 197
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    Strongly coupled stress waves in heterogeneous plates. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Consideration of coupled stress waves generated by an impulsive load applied at one end of a semiinfinite plate. For the field equations governing the one-dimensional coupled waves a hyperbolic system of equations is obtained in which a strong coupling in the second derivatives exists. The method of characteristics described by Chou and Mortimer (1967) is extended to cover the case of strong coupling, and a study is made of the transient stress waves in a semiinfinite plate subjected to an initial step input. Coupled discontinuity fronts are found to propagate at different velocities. The normal plate stress and the bending moment at different time regimes are illustrated by graphs.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 10; Aug. 197
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  • 77
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    Autocorrelation methods to obtain diffraction-limited resolution with large telescopes. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 176; Aug. 15
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  • 78
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    Fixed-bias floating double-probe technique with simple Langmuir-probe characteristics. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A new floating double-probe method is presented which has advantages over other floated-probe systems heretofore described in the literature. The method utilizes two electrodes, one of constant area and the other with a variable area, and the two-electrode configuration is separated by a fixed bias voltage. The current-voltage characteristics of the new technique, which are generated by varying the area of one electrode, are identical to those of a simple Langmuir probe, thus coupling all the advantages of a floated-probe system with the simple analysis scheme generally applied to the Langmuir probe for the determination of plasma density and temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physics; 43; Aug. 197
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    A relative performance analysis of atmospheric laser Doppler velocimeter methods. (1972)
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    Beschreibung: A performance analysis is presented that compares two remote-sensing atmospheric laser Doppler velocimeter systems, one using dual-scatter and the other local-oscillator illuminating techniques. The comparison results show that there exist specific parameter ranges and conditions whereunder the performance of one of the systems is superior to that of the other. A procedure providing a quantitative basis for a judicious system selection is proposed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Engineering; 11; Jan
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    Holographic nondestructive testing with impact excitation. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of some experimental results of bond flaw detection in composite materials by holographic recording of the surface of samples subjected to mechanical impact. The resulting deformation of the samples recorded in a sequence of double exposure holograms at increasingly longer time intervals after impact renders the presence of flaws observable. A proposed deformation enhancement technique increases detection sensitivity and is helpful in visualizing smaller flaws.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; July 197
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    The surface plasmon resonance effect in holography. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A hologram has been made using a surface plasmon resonance wave as the reference beam. The surface wave was stimulated on a 1200-line/mm aluminum reflection grating that was coated with a thin layer of high-resolution photographic emulsion. Experimental results are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optics Communications; 5; May 1972
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  • 82
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    Polarization of the solar corona. (1972)
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    Beschreibung: A method of obtaining polarized photographs of the solar corona during total eclipse is described. The required equipment is a reflex viewing type camera with a lens of adequate focal length to give an image of the corona a few millimeters in diameter at the focal plane. A sheet of linear polarizing filter material is placed directly in front of the lens. The filter is mounted in such a way so as to permit a set of four exposures of equal length to be taken after totality begins. Since the light of the corona is highly polarized, the resultant set of photographs will show marked differences in the shape of the corona.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Royal Astronomical Society of Canada; vol. 66
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    Thin-film light-intensity measurement strain-analysis technique. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The optical response to loading of a thin metallic film deposited on a low-modulus structural substrate is studied theoretically and experimentally. Two types of optical properties called total and central-image transmittance (or reflectance) are shown to be related to the mechanical state of the substrate. Empirical optical-mechanical relationships are proposed between these optical properties and the substrate strain field of a general plane-stress problem. A technique based on wrinkle and microfracture patterns is described for determining principal directions of strain. Experimental results for uniaxially loaded specimens show that it is possible to obtain a nearly linear relationship between transmittance and strain for certain materials combinations.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 84
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    Sensor noise in low-level flux-gate magnetometers. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The noise mechanism in a well-designed magnetometer is shown to be due to small-scale magnetic moments which are probably small volumes of the core material that are not oriented by the drive field. Design developments include the sense coil radius and the development of a drive waveform which yields considerably improved performance over the commonly used sine wave drive.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics; MAG-8; June 197
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    A non-linear dynamic lumped-parameter model of a rectangular plate. (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A lumped-parameter model of a rectangular plate is developed by assuming fundamental mode solutions and using Hamilton's Principle and the Euler equations to set up the differential equation of motion for the system. The plate theory used may be described as the dynamic analogue of the von Karman large-deflection theory. Four sets of symmetrical boundary conditions are considered with the restriction of uniform pressure dynamic loads. The model takes the form of a mass on a cubic-hardening spring with each term defined by algebraic expressions of the plate parameters. The results for some specific problems are compared with two previous solutions. This method is less accurate but simpler to develop and apply.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 21; Apr. 8
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    Solution of eigenvalue problems by Sturm sequence method. (1972)
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    Beschreibung: A generalized eigenvalue algorithm is presented herein along with the complete listing of the associated computer program, which may be conveniently utilized for the efficient solution of certain broad classes of eigenvalue problems. Extensive applications of the procedure are envisaged in the analysis of many important engineering problems, such as stability and natural frequency analysis of practical discrete structural systems, idealized by the finite element technique. The procedure based on the Sturm sequence method is accurate and fast, possessing several significant advantages over other known methods of such analysis. Numerical results are also presented for two representative structural engineering problems.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 4; May-June
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    Use of propagation corrections for VLF timing (1972)
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    Beschreibung: The theory of VLF timing from phase measurements is briefly reviewed with attention to both frequency and epoch. Propagational aspects are noted without specific attention to predictional details. Cycle slippage is described. Application of propagation corrections to VLF timing is described, with particular attention to the use of available skywave corrections published for the OMEGA Navigation System.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 310-323
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    Hawaii PTTI test bed (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The development and installation of a test bed for a Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI). A prime goal in the effort is to develop a repertoire of techniques and equipment that will permit communications facilities to be served most effectively by their ties to a common time reference. The test bed provides guidance for the implementation of precise time and frequency discipline at other facilities. One product of the test-bed problem is an assessment of the accuracy of the time-discipline chain from the observatory to each level of use.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 182-193
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    Operational stability of rubidium and cesium frequency standards (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: In the course of testing various rubidium and cesium frequency standards under operational conditions for use in NASA tracking stations, about 55 unit-years of relative frequency measurements for averaging times from 10 to 10 to the 7th power have been accumulated at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Statistics on the behavior of rubidium and cesium standards under controlled laboratory conditions have been published, but it was not known to what extent the lesser controlled environments of NASA tracking stations affected the performance of the standards. The purpose of this report is to present estimates of the frequency stability of rubidium and cesium frequency standards under operational conditions based on the data accumulated at GSFC.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 168-181
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    Intermediate term frequency measurements with the HP computing counter in the USNO clock time system (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: High precision frequency measurements with various integration times can be made with conventional counters by using variable gate times. The Hewlett-Packard (HP) computing counter allows such measurements over a wide range of frequencies and measurement times. This instrument can also convert period measurements into frequency by means of its arithmetic capabilities: The program library contains programs to facilitate frequency stability measurements in the most direct and convenient way. This method was used as the basis for all time scale computations, until requirements for highest resolution justified the development of an automatic data acquisition system. The phase measurements are now being made with the HP computing counter (with time interval plug-in unit) under program control from the HP System Programmer.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 152-167
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    An analysis and demonstration of clock synchronization by VLBI (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A prototype of a semireal-time system for synchronizing the DSN station clocks by radio interferometry was successfully demonstrated. The system utilized an approximate maximum likelihood estimation procedure for processing the data, thereby achieving essentially optimum time synchronization estimates for a given amount of data, or equivalently, minimizing the amount of data required for reliable estimation. Synchronization accuracies as good as 100 nsec rms were achieved between DSS 11 and DSS 12, both at Goldstone, California. The accuracy can be improved by increasing the system bandwidth until the fundamental limitations due to position uncertainties of baseline and source and atmospheric effects are reached. These limitations are under ten nsec for transcontinental baselines.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 100-122
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    Precision timing and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) (1972)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The use of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) for investigating small angular features in galactic and extragalactic radio sources is discussed. Mathematical models are developed to describe the operation of an interferometer and to show the variations in the resultant fringe frequency. The types of sources to which the interferometer will respond are identified.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 74-89
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  • 93
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    Performance of the new Efratom optically pumped rubidium frequency standards and their possible application in space relativity experiments (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The characteristics of Efratom optically pumped rubidium frequency standards are discussed. The Efratom units were compared with cesium beam and hydrogen maser standards and showed a stability of approximately 5 times 10 to the minus 12th power over two one-week periods. Dependency of frequency upon the environmental parameters of pressure, magnetic field, temperature, supply voltage, and acceleration was measured. A package of three units with automatic phase comparison and recording was designed and constructed to allow a measurement of relativistic effects on time with high accuracy during space missions.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 29-40
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
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    British American satellite time transfer experiment (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The use of the Timation satellite for navigation purposes is discussed. The advantages of the satellite for navigation and time transfer are defined as: (1) well-known position, (2) line-of-sight signal which allows use of ultrahigh frequency signals, (3) worldwide coverage, and (4) celestial navigation solution similar to the conventional celestial navigation practices. A diagram of range measurement by phase measure is provided. The application of an intercept chart for determining position using the navigation satellite is demonstrated. The results of a ground based time transfer experiment are reported.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 4th Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 14-28
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
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    The facsimile camera - Its potential as a planetary lander imaging system. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of the performance characteristics of the facsimile camera, emphasizing its line-scan sampling process; the design tradeoffs which are imposed by planetary lander missions, emphasizing those tradeoffs which define the Viking Lander Camera parameters; and new concepts which are currently being investigated for future planetary lander missions, emphasizing an integrated imagery and spectrometry concept.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
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    Holographic storage of multicolor information. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of the merits of the use of holography for storing multicolor information. Holography is shown capable to provide in a compact, easily duplicated, inexpensive, and readily retrievable manner the storage capacity required for the ever growing amounts of alphanumeric, graphic, continuous tone, color, and black-and-white data generated. Following a definition of the holographic concept, the advantages of holography for multicolor information recording, indexing, registration, and reconstruction are reviewed. Special attention is given to display applications including a multicolor moving-map display, a NASA multifunction display, and an automatic-test-equipment information storage system.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
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    Effect of a circular hole on the buckling of cylindrical shells loaded by axial compression. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An experimental and analytical investigation of the effect of a circular hole on the buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial compression was carried out. The experimental results were obtained from tests performed on seamless electroformed copper shells and Mylar shells with a lap joint seam. These results indicated that the character of the shell buckling was dependent on a parameter which is proportional to the hole radius divided by the square root of the product of the shell radius and thickness. For small values of this parameter, there was no apparent effect of the hole on the buckling load. For slightly larger values of the parameter, the shells still buckled into a general collapse configuration, but the buckling loads were sharply reduced as the parameter increased. For still larger values of the parameter, the buckling loads were further reduced, and the shells buckled into a stable local buckling configuration.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 10; Nov. 197
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
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    Special report - UV: Eye on the moon. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Lunar Surface Ultraviolet Spectrographic Camera, the primary objective of which was to determine the location and extent of gaseous material (principally hydrogen) in preselected regions of the celestial sphere is described. Camera capability included acquisition of direct imagery and spectroscopy of the same target. The optical section made use of a Schmidt reflector component. The procedure for making photographic records is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Spectra; 6; Dec. 197
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
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    Mariner 9 Michelson interferometer. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Michelson interferometer on Mariner 9 measures the thermal emission spectrum of Mars between 200 and 2000 per cm (between 5 and 50 microns) with a spectral resolution of 2.4 per cm in the apodized mode. A noise equivalent radiance of 0.5 x 10 to the minus 7th W/sq cm/ster/cm is deduced from data recorded in orbit around Mars. The Mariner interferometer deviates in design from the Nimbus 3 and 4 interferometers in several areas, notably, by a cesium iodide beam splitter and certain aspects of the digital information processing. Special attention has been given to the problem of external vibration. The instrument performance is demonstrated by calibration data and samples of Mars spectra.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 11; Nov. 197
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
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    Boron-aluminum structural component for Shuttle. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A boron-aluminum structural component, representative of Space Shuttle fuselage structure, has been fabricated and tested as part of a program to demonstrate boron-aluminum feasibility for Shuttle applications. The 4- by 5-foot component consists of eleven 24-ply Z section stringers and a +45 degree 8-ply skin. It was tested at room temperature and at 500 F under combined compressive and shear loadings. The components for this program were fabricated in order to encounter and solve scale-up problems, and to obtain test data representative of production hardware. The data from this program are expected to allow more accurate prediction of weights and costs of boron-aluminum structures for the Space Shuttle.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: SAMPE Quarterly; 3; July 197
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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