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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 56-75 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): free radicals ; cataracts ; antioxidant vitamins ; vitamin C ; vitamin E ; β-carotene ; Katarakte ; antioxidative Vitamine ; Vitamin C und E ; Betakarotin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Augenlinse kann durch einfallendes Licht und Sauerstoff photooxidativ so geschädigt werden, daß eine Trübung bzw. ein Katarakt entsteht. Sauerstoffradikale schädigen nicht nur die Kristalline, spezialisierte Linsenproteine, die Aggregate bilden und präzipitieren, sondern sie greifen auch proteolytische Enzyme an, deren Funktion es wäre, die geschädigten Proteine zu eliminieren. Neben einem enzymatischen Abwehrsystem gegen Sauerstoffradikale, bestehend aus Superoxiddismutase, Katalase und Glutathionperoxidase, enthält die Linse die antioxidativen Vitamine C und E und evtl. Betakarotin. Tierversuche an verschiedenen Spezies haben sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo eine Schutzwirkung gegen lichtinduzierte Kataraktbildung aufgezeigt. Eine ähnliche Wirkung war gegen Zucker- und Steroidkatarakte nachweisbar. Epidemiologische Studien am Menschen haben gezeigt, daß Personen mit vergleichsweise höherer Einnahme bzw. höheren Blutkonzentrationen antioxidativer Vitamine ein vermindertes Risiko der Kataraktbildung haben. Diese positiven Befunde rechtfertigen die Durchführung breit angelegter Interventionsstudien mit antioxidativen Vitaminen am Menschen.
    Notizen: Summary The ocular lens, which is continually exposed to light and ambient oxygen, is at high risk of photooxidative damage resulting in cataract. Oxygen free radicals appear to impair not only lens crystallins which will aggregate and precipitate forming opacities but also proteolytic enzymes whose function it would be to eliminate the damaged proteins. Apart from an enzymatic defense system consisting of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase against excited oxygen species the lens contains the antioxidant vitamins C, E and presumably β-carotene as another line of defense. In vitro and in vivo studies in different animal species have demonstrated a significant protective effect of vitamins C and E against light-induced cataract. Sugar and steroid cataracts were prevented as well. Epidemiological evidence in humans suggests that persons with comparatively higher intakes or blood concentrations of antioxidant vitamins are at a reduced risk of cataract development. These positive findings established by several research groups justify extensive intervention trials with antioxidant vitamins in humans using presenile cataract development as a model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 103-129 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): geeignete Spezies ; analoge Reaktionen ; optimale Standardisierung ; ethische Grundsätze ; spezifische Alternativen ; suitablespecies ; analogousreactions ; optimalstandardization ; ethicalprinciples ; specificalternatives
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Experimental animals may serve as models for human beings, if analogies between animal and human functions exist. Therefore, the selection of species and strain plays an important role in the development of such models. Knowledge of the nutritional and physiological characteristics of a species is a prerequisite for the composition of complete diets. Often, preliminary work has to begin at the breeding farm in order to make use of such curative models possible. Only when the high requirements of standardization of experimental animals are met can clinical and subclinical symptoms be determined distinctly. By means of sensitive biochemical reactions, imbalances and interactions of nutritive and active ingredients, as well as successful substitutions, can be recorded. The study of absorption and metabolism of preparations is made possible by observing these reactions. However, negative influence on the results of analysis must be eliminated by correct selection of narcotics, and the proper excision and storage of organs. Because of its importance for the planning and evaluation of experiments, biometry is an integral part of every research project. The scientific information which must be gained from the whole experimental animal cannot be substituted by either isolated organs and cell cultures, or by means of computer simulation. A demanding effort, which includes biotechnological methods, is necessary to further reduce the number of experimental animals and, simultaneously, to enhance experimental evidence. In any case, all scientific aims must be in accordance with the ethical principles of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Versuchstiere können als Modell für den Menschen herangezogen werden, wenn Analogien zwischen tierischen und menschlichen Funktionen bestehen. Deshalb kommt der Wahl von Spezies und Stamm bei der Entwicklung solcher Modelle eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Kenntnis der ernährungsphysiologischen Besonderheiten einer Spezies ist die Voraussetzung für die Herstellung vollwertiger Diäten. Oft sind Vorleistungen bereits in der Zuchtstation zu erbringen, um kurative Modelle überhaupt erst anwenden zu können. Nur wenn die hohen Anforderungen an die Standardisierung des tierexperimentellen Teiles einer Untersuchung erfüllt sind, können klinische und subklinische Symptome eindeutig zugeordnet werden. Mit empfindlichen biochemischen Reaktionen lassen sich sowohl Imbalanzen und Interaktionen von Nähr- und Wirkstoffen sowie Substitutionserfolge erfassen. Ebenso können die Resorption und der Stoffwechsel von Präparaten verfolgt werden. Negative Auswirkungen auf das Analysenergebnis sind bereits bei der Wahl des Narkotikums, der Entnahme und Lagerung von Organproben auszuschließen. Wegen ihrer Bedeutung für die Planung und Auswertung stellt auch die Biometrie einen integrierenden Bestandteil eines jeden Forschungsprojektes dar. Die am Ganztier erzielte wissenschaftliche Information kann weder mit isolierten Organen und Zellkulturen, noch mit Hilfe simulierender Computersysteme erreicht werden. Große Anstrengungen, auch unter Einbeziehung biotechnologischer Methoden, sind erforderlich, um die Tierzahlen weiterhin zu reduzieren und gleichzeitig die Aussagekraft der Experimente zu erhöhen. In jedem Fall jedoch müssen die wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen mit den ethischen Anliegen des Tierschutzes in Einklang gebracht werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Fettemulsion ; MCT ; LCT ; Lipoproteine ; Elimination ; fat emulsion ; triglycerides ; medium chain (MCT) triglycerides ; long chain (LCT) ; lipoprotein elimination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary A fat emulsion containing 20% fat as medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and long chain triglycerides (LCT) (1∶1) was injected as a bolus in an amount of 0.2 g fat per kg body weight to six patients, three to five days after a serious injury. Triglyceride concentrations increased within two min in lipoprotein fractions d〈0.95 g/ml (Chylomicrons), d〈1.006 g/ml (VLDL), d〈1.063 g/ml (LDL) and d〈1.21 g/ml (HDL). Sixty minutes after injection triglyceride concentrations had again reached preexperimental values in all lipoprotein fractions. Cholesterol values did not change. According to the composition of the fat emulsion, linoleic acid content increased in triglycerides of all lipoprotein fractions, whereas octanoic and decanoic acid did so only in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (d〈1.006). Half-life values of elimination of octanoic acid (3.3 min) and decanoic acid (3.9 min) in triglycerides of lipoprotein fraction d〈1.006 were nearly half as short as that of long chain fatty acids (linoleic acid, 6.4 min; oleic acid, 6.5 min; palmitic acid, 7.5 min). Thus in contrast to LCT, MCT are only found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (d〈1.006) and are also eliminated more rapidly.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Eine Fettemulsion mit 20% Fett aus mittelkettigen Triglyceriden (MCT) und langkettigen Triglyceriden (LCT) (1∶1) wurde als Bolus in einer Menge von 0,2 g Fett pro kg Körpergewicht bei 6 Patienten 3–5 Tage nach einem schweren Unfall injiziert. Die Triglyceridkonzentrationen stiegen innerhalb von 2 Minuten in den Lipoproteinfraktionen d〈0,95 g/ml (Chylomikronen), d〈1,006 g/ ml (VLDL), d〈1,063 g/ml (LDL) und d〈1,21 g/ml (HDL) an. 60 Minuten nach der Injektion hatten die Triglyceridkonzentrationen bereits wieder in allen Lipoproteinfraktionen dsie Vorwerte erreicht. Die Cholesterinkonzentrationen änderten sich nicht. Entsprechend der Zusammensetzung der Fettemulsion nahm der Linolsäureanteil in den Triglyceriden aller Lipoproteinfraktionen zu, während Octansäure und Decansäure nur in den triglyceridreichen Lipoproteinen (d〈1,006) anstiegen. Die Halbwertszeiten der Elimination der Octansäure (3,3 min) und Decansäure (3,9 min) in den Triglyceriden der Lipoproteinfraktion d〈1,006 waren fast halb so kurz wie die der langkettigen Fettsäuren (Linolsäure, 6,4 min; Ölsäure, 6,5 min; Palmitinsäure, 7,5 min). Demzufolge findet man im Gegensatz zu den LCT die MCT nur in den triglyceridreichen Lipoproteinen (d〈1,006), und sie werden daraus auch rascher eliminiert.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): RBP secretion ; vitamin A ; carotenoids ; goat ; RBP-Sekretion ; Vitamin A ; Carotinoide ; Ziege
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Sekretion von retinolbindendem Protein (RBP) ins Blut von Ziegen wurde nach unterschiedlicher Verabreichung von Vitamin A (Retinylacetat), Β-Carotin und einer Mischung von pflanzlichen Carotinoiden untersucht. Die Zufuhr dieser Verbindungen — entweder in einer einzelnen hohen Dosis oder in der gleichen Menge gleichmäßig auf 4 Tagesdosen verteilt — führte zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der RBP-Sekretion. Diese Sekretion erfolgte in zwei Phasen, von denen eine früh und eine später einsetzte.
    Notizen: Summary Studies were conducted on the secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in blood of goats given different treatments of preformed vitamin A, Β-carotene and plant carotenoids. Administration of these sources either in a single massive dose or massive dose split into four equal doses, markedly increased the secretion of RBP in blood. The secretion of RBP in blood occurred at least in two phases, one at early periods and the other at later periods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 265-265 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 300-309 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): tobacco protein ; Arnes test ; micronucleus test ; chromosome aberration test ; SCE test ; Tabakprotein ; Ames-Test ; Mikrokerntest ; Chromosomenaberrationstest ; Schwesterstrangaustauschtest
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Tabakprotein wurde im Ames-Test und in drei In-vivo-Tests auf Mutagenität geprüft. In den Salmonellenstämmen TA 98 und TA 100 bewirkten Methanolextrakte des Tabakproteins und der Urin von Ratten, die mit Tabakprotein gefüttert waren, erhöhte Revertantenzahlen, nicht aber Fäzesextrakte. Im Mikrokerntest wurden durchgehend schwach positive Effekte des Tabakproteins in Chinesischen Hamstern und zwei Mäuse-Inzuchtstämmen erzielt, desgleichen im Chromosomenaberrationstest und im SCE-Test an Chinesischen Hamstern. Die in den analytischen Angaben des Tabakproteins ausgewiesenen Substanzen Nikotin, Chlorogensäure und Rutin wurden einzeln im Chromosomenaberrationstest geprüft. Dabei wurde das Nikotin als der verantwortliche Faktor oder einer der verantwortlichen Faktoren für die schwach positiven Testergebnisse erkannt.
    Notizen: Summary Tobacco protein was assayed for mutagenicity using the Ames test and three in vivo tests. In the Salmonella strains TA 98 and TA 100 methanolic extracts of the tobacco protein and urine of rats fed tobacco protein exhibited increased revertant numbers, but extracts of feces did not. Using the micronucleus test throughout, weak mutagenic effects after feeding the tobacco protein were detected in Chinese hamsters and two inbred strains of mice, and again in Chinese hamsters when the chromosome aberration test and the SCE test were applied. The analytical specifications of the tobacco protein listed nicotine, chlorogenic acid and rutin as components. These were examined separately in a chromosome aberration test, and nicotine was discovered to be the factor or a factor responsible for the weak positive test results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Tryptophanschädigung ; Tryptophangehalt im Brot ; Tryptophangehalt im Keks ; tryptophan degradation ; tryptophan content inbread ; tryptophan content incookie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The change of tryptophan contents in proteins of bread and cookies under technological processing conditions were investigated. Tryptophan contents in all cookie samples were noted to be significantly (p=0.05) reduced in relation to corresponding dough. The relative decreases are significantly correlated with fat content and the degree of unsaturation of fats in the dough of cookies (r=0.802 and r=0.777, p=0.01), independently of various physical parameters during different cookie samples' processing. Tryptophan decrease in proteins of bread during baking was not significant.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß des technologischen Herstellungsprozesses auf die Gehaltsveränderung von Tryptophan in Brot- und Kekseiweißen untersucht. Es wurde eine signifikante (p=0,05) Tryptophanabnahme bei dem Backen der verschiedenen Keksarten festgestellt. Diese Abnahme korreliert linear mit dem Lipidgehalt und dem Gehalt an ungesättigten Fettsäuren der entsprechenden Keksteige (r=0,802 bzw. r=0,777 bei p=0,01), unabhängig von bedeutenden Schwankungen der physikalischen Parameter im Produktionsprozeß der verschiedenen Keksarten. Bei Brot blieb der Tryptophangehalt während des Backens praktisch unverändert.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 345-345 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 263-264 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 240-259 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Data analysis ; health status ; food pattern ; nutrition behavior ; research strategy ; Gesundheitsstatus ; Ernährungsverhalten ; Forschungsstrategie ; Datenanalyse ; Nahrungsmuster ; Ernährungsepidemiologie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Beziehungen zwischen Ernährungsfaktoren und Gesundheit in epidemiologischen Studien sind oft inkonsistent. Eine der möglichen Ursachen für diese Gegebenheit kann darin liegen, daß die Vielzahl der potentiellen Ernährungsdimensionen in der spezifischen Untersuchungssituation in unzulänglichem Maße berücksichtigt wurden. Solche Dimensionsbereiche sind vor allem die physiologische Individualität von Menschen, deren verschiedenen Lebensumwelten und die zahlreichen Interdependenzen zwischen Ernährungsvariablen. Diese Tatsachen sollten in ernährungsepidemiologischen Studien dadurch besser erfaßt werden, daß sowohl die Studienmodelle als auch die Datenanalysen entsprechend ausgerichtet werden. Anstelle von Untersuchungen an heterogenen Stichproben ist es ratsam, sich auf spezifische „Typen“ zu konzentrieren, wobei gemäß dem jeweiligen Studienziel solche „Typen“ aus den physiologischen Besonderheiten (z. B. Cholesterinempfindlichkeit), aus biologisch-konstitutionellen Faktoren (z. B. Körperbau-Typus), aus Lebensstil-Eigenschaften oder anderen Faktorenbereichen abgeleitet werden können. Die Variationsbreite der Ernährungsfaktoren geht über die üblicherweise verwendeten Nährstoffdimensionen hinaus, doch sie läßt sich durch integrierte Indizes — die „Nahrungsmuster“ — zusammenfassen. Zu solchen „Nahrungsmustern“ kann man auf verschiedene Weise kommen. Sie können aus Theorien abgeleitet werden und zu bestimmten Bewertungsrastern führen. Man kann sie aber auch mittels multivariater statistischer Analyse suchen. Die prinzipiellen Wege, die zu „Nahrungsmustern“ führen, werden dargestellt und diskutiert. Die hier vorgestellten und diskutierten Ideen leiten zu einem verbesserten Untersuchungsmodell für ernährungsepidemiologische Studien über. Die „Nahrungsmuster“ nehmen dabei eine wichtige Position ein. Man kann annehmen, daß durch diesen Untersuchungsansatz neue Erkenntnisse über die Beziehungen zwischen Ernährung und Gesundheit sichtbar werden, die helfen, den bisher noch diffusen Untersuchungsbereichen klare Konturen zu geben.
    Notizen: Summary The relation between nutritional factors and health investigated in epidemiological studies are often inconsistent. One of the reasons for such findings can be the improper addressing of the multitude of nutritional dimensions in the specific study situation such as physiological individuality of human beings, different living conditions, or numerous interdependencies between nutritional variables. Epidemiological research in nutrition and health should recognize such facts and work with appropiate study models and adequate data analyses. Instead of investigating heterogenous populations it is advisable to concentrate on specific “types” of people. Under consideration of the study goals such “types” can be compiled according to physiological properties, e.g., cholesterol sensitivity, or biological-constitutional factors such as body build, life-style entities, or other factors. The variety of nutrition factors far beyond the commonly applied nutrient values can be expressed in integrated indices of “food patterns”. Such “food patterns” can be derived in many ways. They can be deduced from theories by using specific criteria, but also explored by modern multivariate statistical analyses. The ways leading to “food patterns” are discussed. The ideas presented and discussed in this paper lead to an improved model for research in the field of nutrition and health with integrated indices of “food patterns” as the critical point. It is assumed that using this approach will generate new insight in the relation of nutrition and health, a currently still diffuse research area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 316-318 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): dietarycalcium ; dietarymagnesium ; dietaryphosphorus ; serumcholesterol ; livercholesterol ; fecalbile acids ; rats ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Phosphor ; Serumcholesterin ; Lebercholesterin ; Gallensäure im Kot ; Ratten
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Während 28 Tagen wurden an Ratten cholesterinfreie halbgereinigte Diäten, die verschiedene Konzentrationen von Calcium (0,13–0,75 g/100 g), Magnesium (0,02–0,04 g/100 g) oder Phosphor (0,2–0,8 g/100 g) enthielten, verabreicht. Die unterschiedlichen Mineralkonzentrationen hatten keinen Einfluß auf Serum- und Lebercholesterin oder die Ausscheidung von Gallensäuren im Kot.
    Notizen: Summary Female rats were fed cholesterol-free, purified diets with different concentrations of calcium (0.13–0.75%, w/w), magnesium (0.02 or 0.04%) or phosphorus (0.2–0.8 %) as the only dietary variable. After 28 days, no effects of the minerals were found on liver cholesterol concentrations and rates of fecal excretion of bile acids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 327-337 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Meerschweinchen ; Ascorbinsäure ; Adaption im Stoffwechsel ; Vitamin C ; guinea pigs ; adaptation inascorbic acid metabolism ; blood ; liver ; spleen ; adrenal glands
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Eine Substitution mit 5 mg/100 g Vitamin C im Futter stellt für Meerschweinchen anscheinend die untere Grenze dar, um ein Überleben zu ermöglichen. Sie scheinen keine Möglichkeit zu haben, den Stoffwechsel der Ascorbinsäure an diese niedrige Substitution zu adaptieren. Meerschweinchen, die über lange Zeit (6–8 Wochen) 20 mg/100 g oder 680 mg/100 g Vitamin C im Futter erhalten hatten, zeigen, nachdem der Vitamin-C-Gehalt im Futter drastisch verändert worden ist, bei den Ascorbinsäurespiegeln mehrerer Organe das für eine ablaufende Adaptation typische Überbzw. Unterschwingen.
    Notizen: Summary Guinea pigs supplied with 5 mg/100 g vitamin in the food seem to be at the marginal substitution for a survival and show no ability to adapt the ascorbic acid metabolism to this low support. Guinea pigs longlastingly (6–8 weeks) supplied with 20 mg/100g or 680 mg/100g vitamin C in the food show the typical symptoms of an evolving adaptation by an overshooting in the course of the ascorbic acid levels in several organs after a switch to an extremely different vitamin C supply.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 17-31 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Calciumversorgung ; Bioverfügbarkeit von Calcium ; Osteoporose ; osteoporosis ; osteoporosis ; pathogenesis of ; calcium supply ; nutritional aspects of osteoporosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Osteoporosis primarily affects women and is a bone disease of great socialmedical and economic importance. The pathogenesis is thought to be of multifactorial origin. The current work discusses nutritional aspects relative to osteoporosis. In this aspect, calcium supply seems to have the largest preventional importance. In contrast, food statistics and individual food records show that calcium intake of females is below the DGE's recommendation of 800 mg/daily. Furthermore, in view of skeletal integrity, calcium intake should be increased up to 1,500 mg/daily after menopause, because of endocrinological changes in calcium metabolism. Therefore, calcium intake on the whole is usually found to not be sufficient. The importance of further nutritional aspects for manifestation of osteoporosis are discussed. In some cases, influences on skeletal integrity are quite evident, whereas the literature has only infrequently drawn conclusions about the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Osteoporose ist eine Knochenerkrankung mit großer sozialmedizinischer und volkswirtschaftlicher Bedeutung, von der überwiegend Frauen betroffen sind. Die Pathogenese der Erkrankung ist multifaktoriell. Der derzeitige Kenntnisstand über die Bedeutung alimentärer Faktoren wird in diesem Zusammenhang dargestellt. Größte präventive Bedeutung besteht seitens der Ernährung in einer ausreichenden Calciumversorgung. Verzehrsstatistiken und individuelle Verzehrsprotokolle zeigen dagegen, daß die Versorgung mit Calcium beim weiblichen Geschlecht im Durchschnitt unter der Empfehlung der DGE von 800 mg/d liegt. Hinzu kommt, daß zur Aufrechterhaltung der Knochenhomöostase aufgrund endokriner Umstellungen im Calciumstoffwechsel empfohlen wird, nach der Menopause die Calciumaufnahme auf 1500 mg/d zu steigern. Die Versorgungslage mit Calcium ist somit insgesamt als sehr unzureichend anzusehen. Weitere ernährungsbedingte Faktoren mit Bedeutung für eine Osteoporosemanifestation werden diskutiert. In einigen Fällen ist hierdurch eine Beeinflussung der Knochenhomöostase durchaus denkbar, häufig ist das Datenmaterial allerdings noch zu unvollständig oder fehlt völlig, um Zusammenhänge zur Osteoporoseentstehung herstellen zu können.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Vitamin A-Status ; polyhalogenierte aromatischeKohlenwasserstoffe ; Metabolismus ; polareRetinoide ; vitamin A status ; polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons ; metabolism ; polar retinoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Ausreichende Vitamin-A-Speicher und -Gewebslevel werden durch ein Gleichgewicht von Nachfrage der Gewebe nach Vitamin A und der Vitamin-A-Aufnahme durch die Nahrung aufrechterhalten und durch viele Faktoren beeinflußt. Es ist hinreichend bekannt, daß polyhalogenierte aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PHAH) die Vitamin-A-Speicher der Leber erniedrigen. Neuere Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, daß die Erniedrigung der Vitamin-A-Leberspeicher von einem Anstieg des Vitamin-A-Gehaltes in Serum und Niere sowie von einer erhöhten Abgabe von Vitamin-A-Metaboliten in Urin und Fäzes begleitet sind. Die Untersuchung der Vitamin-A-Verteilung in verschiedenen Geweben zeigte, daß die Zufuhr von PHAH zu einem verstärkten Auftreten polarer Vitamin-A-Metaboliten führt. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß die PHAH Enzyme beeinflussen, die entscheidend für die Regulation von Vitamin-A-Speichern sowie der Aktivität von für den Vitamin-A-Stoffwechsel wichtigen Enzymen sind.
    Notizen: Summary Adequate stores and adequate tissue levels of vitamin A are maintained by a balance of tissue demands and dietary intake of the vitamin and are modified by many factors, including xenobiotics. It is well established that exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAH) decreases hepatic content of vitamin A. Recent findings indicate that hepatic depletion of vitamin A is accompanied by an increase in serum and renal vitamin A content and enhanced excretion of vitamin A metabolites in urine and feces. Examination of tissue retinoid profiles reveals that PHAH exposure causes the generation of increased amounts of polar retinoids. It is very likely that PHAH affect enzymes crucial for regulation of vitamin A storage as well as enhance activities of specific enzymes in vitamin A metabolic pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 142-148 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Stickstoffbilanz ; Proteinbedarf ; Krallenaffen ; Callitrichidae ; nitrogen balance ; protein requirement ; marmoset ; C allitrichidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung An erwachsenen männlichen Weißbüscheläffchen (Callithrix jacchus) erfolgten Stickstoffbilanzmessungen bei Verfütterung von „halbsynthetischen“ und „synthetischen“ Diäten mit Proteingehalten von null bis sieben Prozent. Der tägliche Stickstoffverlust bei längerer proteinfreier Ernährung („Abnutzungsquote“) betrug 131±16 mg/kg Körpergewicht0,75. Eine N-Bilanz =±0 wurde mit der Zufuhr von 261 mg N/kg0,75 in Form hochwertiger Proteine erreicht. Sehr geringe Proteinaufnahme oder das Fehlen von Arginin und Histidin in einer Aminosäurenmischung führte zu Koprophagie. Es wird gefolgert, daß der Proteinbedarf erwachsener Krallenaffen dem des erwachsenen Menschen (auf der Basis des metabolischen Körpergewichts) sehr ähnlich ist. Etwa 6–7% Protein hoher Qualität, auf Trockensubstanz bezogen, genügen zur Vermeidung einer negativen Stickstoffbilanz.
    Notizen: Summary Nitrogen balance studies were conducted in adult male marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) using purified and semipurified diets with protein levels between 0% and 7%. Daily nitrogen loss in a state of prolonged protein free nutrition was 131±16 mg/kg body weight0.75. Zero nitrogen balance resulted from mean daily intake of 261 mg nitrogen/kg0.75 when high quality protein sources were used. Very low protein intake or the lack of arginine and histidine in an amino acid mixture induced coprophagy. It is concluded that the protein requirement of adult marmosets is very similar to the protein requirement of adult humans (based on metabolic body weight). About 6–7% high quality protein, based on dry matter, suffice to avoid a negative nitrogen balance in all individuals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 211-224 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Klinische Ernährungstherapie ; Aminosäurenlösungen,Aminogramme ; Key words ; Clinical nutrition ; amino acids, analytical interpretation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The high value of clinical nutrition as an important component in polypragmatic therapy of severely ill patients with increasing age and restricted compensatory capacity is today unquestioned. The areas of interest and applications have reached a high degree of complexity by many differentiations. The metabolic interrelations under pathological conditions influence especially the application of amino acids. By the enormously increased standards of analytical procedures and instruments huge amounts of data have been gathered but methods and tools for interpreting the complex analytical results have not been developed to the same degree. Considering physiological, pathological biochemical, and biophysical alterations, this review discusses application of amino acids, evaluation and interpretation procedures, as well as indications, contraindications, and effective monitoring. The important regulatory function of the liver in connection with the urea production rate, and the physiological pattern and concentrations of amino acids in plasma are both discussed in detail. Also discussed is the therapeutic advantage of determining total concentration and relative composition of the amino acid pool in plasma, especially in severely ill patients.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Der hohe Stellenwert der klinischen Ernährungstherapie ist in der heutigen polypragmatischen Therapie schwerstkranker und zum Teil sehr alter Patienten mit eingeschränkter Kompensationsfähigkeit unbestritten. Das Einsatzfeld der klinischen Ernährungstherapie hat dadurch eine starke Differenzierung und einen hohen Komplizitätsgrad erreicht. Diese Wechselbeziehung des pathologischen Ablaufs im Stoffwechsel nach äußeren und inneren Belastungen und den einzelnen Substraten betrifft im hohen Maße die Anwendung von Aminosäuren. Durch die enorme Zunahme der analytischen Leistungsfähigkeit ist das Erkenntnismaterial im Bereich der Aminosäurenversorgung zwar stark angewachsen, aber die Interpretation des komplexen Zusammenhangs der Aminosäuren keineswegs in gleicher Weise verbessert worden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird auf dem grobskizzierten Hintergrund physiologischer und pathologischer Stoffwechselzusammenhänge der Einsatz von Aminosäuren dergestalt abgehandelt, daß über eine plausible Interpretation der komplexen analytischen Daten die Indikation, Kontraindikation und überwachung der Aminosäurenapplikation verständlich wird. Vor allem die Bedeutung der Regulation durch die Leber, der Zusammenhang mit der Harnstoffproduktionsrate sowie die differente Bedeutung der mikromolaren und relativen Aminosäurenmuster im Plasma werden so abgehandelt, daß sie für die Interpretation auch schwerkranker Zustände herangezogen werden können.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 279-299 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Eisenmangel, Epidemiologie ; Eisenresorption ; Eisensubstitution ; Eisenintoxikation ; iron deficiency ; epidemiology ; iron absorption ; iron substitution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Iron is an essential trace element. In its heme-form as well as in its non heme-form it is a part of enzymes and hemoproteins. For a safe and adequate dietary intake 10–18 mg of iron are recommended daily. Frequently, this quantity is not available: approximately 20 % of the world population is iron-deficient. In this state the enteral transfer capacity for toxic metals, e.g., Cd and Pb, is increased and the adaptation to physical strain as well as the immunological responses are depressed. Alterations of body iron-stores are almost exclusively balanced by adequate adaptation of the enteral iron-transfer capacity. The mechanism of this adaptation process can neither be satisfactorily explained by the “mucosal block hypothesis”, nor by the “mucosal transferrin hypothesis”. When the time-course of iron storage and its relation to intestinal iron transfer was investigated after i.v. iron administration to iron-deficient rats, the results indicated that the process of adaptation is located in the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal iron loading is decreased in iron deficiency, whereas the iron transfer into the organism is increased. Further investigation is necessary to find out by which mechanism the iron manages to bypass existing mucosal storage capacity in this situation. The geographical distribution of iron deficiency is influenced by a variety of local factors. Still, the paramount causes of iron-deficiency are unbalanced iron losses and the lack of bioavailable iron in the diet. The bioavailability of non heme iron is influenced by the composition of the diet. The effect of promotors of iron absorption, such as meat, amino acids, polycarbonic acids and ascorbate is opposed by the influence of inhibitors, such as bran, soyaproducts, vegetables and egg-dishes. Iron losses are mainly due to blood losses. Thus, the wide distribution of hockworm diseases in tropical areas contributes significantly to the endemic iron-deficiency in these regions. A more physiological loss of iron is caused by menstruation and pregnancy. In small infants the iron-demand of the organism is increased by rapid growth, which in turn increases the intestinal iron transfer. An increased iron-demand can be balanced by an iron-supplemented diet or by pharmaceutical iron compounds. Acute intoxications can be caused by an overdose of such preparations. The pathophysiology and symptoms of acute iron intoxication are summarized. Their frequency has markedly decreased since “childproof” packaging has been introduced for iron-preparations. To meet the increased iron demand of young children, commercial infant formulas are frequently fortified with iron, preferentially with heme-iron. Inlight of the wide distribution of iron-deficiency a general iron fortification of staple food items is discussed controversially.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Eisen zählt zu den essentiellen Spurenelementen. Es ist in seiner Häm- und Non-Häm-Form Bestandteil von Hämproteinen und Enzymen. Für eine ausreichende und sichere Versorgung des Organismus werden 10 mg bis 18 mg Eisen in der täglichen Diät empfohlen. Diese Menge wird erheblich häufiger unterals überschritten: Ca. 20 % der Weltbevölkerung haben einen Eisenmangel, der sich u.a. in einer gesteigerten enteralen Resorptionsfähigkeit für Cd und Pb äußert sowie in einer Einschränkung der physischen Leistungsfähigkeit und der Infektabwehr. Veränderungen im Körpereisenstatus werden fast ausschließlich durch Anpassung der enteralen Eisenresorption bedarfsgerecht ausgeglichen. Der Mechanismus dieser Anpassung kann weder durch „Mucosa-Block-Hypothese“ noch durch die „Mucosal-Transferrin“-Hypothese befriedigend erklärt werden. Kinetische Untersuchungen an eisenarmen Ratten über die Speicherung parenteral gegebenen Eisens und die Auswirkungen dieser Gabe auf die Eisenresorption deuten jedoch auf einen lokalen Adaptationsprozeß in der intestinalen Mukosa. Dabei ist die Beladung der Mukosa mit angebotenem Eisen im Eisenmangel herabgesetzt, der Transfer dagegen erhöht. Wie das Eisen in diesem Zustand an den vorhandenen Speicherkapazitäten der Mukosa vorbeigeleitet wird, bedarf weiterer Klärung. Die geographische Verteilung des Eisenmangels unterliegt einer Reihe lokaler Einflüsse. Hauptursachen des Eisenmangels sind der Mangel an bioverfügbarem Eisen in der Nahrung und unausgeglichene Eisenverluste. Die Bioverfügbarkeit von Non-Häm-Eisen in der Nahrung wird durch die Zusammensetzung der Diät beeinflußt. Resorptionsfördernde Komponenten wie Fleisch, Aminosäuren, Polycarbonsäuren und Ascorbat saldieren sich in der Wirkung mit Hemmstoffen der Eisenresorption wie z.B. Kleie und Sojaprodukte, Gemüse und Eispeisen. Eisenverluste sind in erster Linie Blutverluste, wobei der in den Tropen verbreitete Befall mit Hakenwürmern starken Anteil an dem dort endemischen Eisenmangel hat. Andere, eher physiologische Eisenverluste entstehen durch Menstruation und Schwangerschaft. Während des raschen Wachstums im Säuglingsalter entsteht ebenfalls ein stark erhöhter Eisenbedarf, der zu gesteigertem Eisentransfer führt. Erhöhter Eisenbedarf kann durch medikamentöse Eisensubstitution oder durch adäquate Ernährung gedeckt werden. Eisenmedikamente können jedoch bei nicht bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch zu akuten Intoxikationen führen, deren Bild detailliert beschrieben wird. Die Inzidenz solcher Vergiftungen ist seit Einführung „kindersicherer“ Verpackungen für Eisenpräparate stark zurückgegangen. Zur Deckung des durch Wachstum erhöhten Eisenbedarfs wird kommerzielle Säuglingsbeikost häufig mit Eisen fortifiziert, wobei Häm-Eisen die größeren Vorzüge bietet. Eine allgemeine Fortifikation von Grundnahrungsmitteln mit Eisen ist jedoch trotz der weiten Verbreitung des Eisenmangels stark umstritten.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): guinea pigs ; adaptation ofhepatic microsomal proteins andcytochromes P-450 and b5 to differentvitamin C supplies ; Meerschweinchen, mikrosomales Protein ; Cytochrome P-450 und b5 ; Vitamin-C-Substitution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Meerschweinchen, die über lange Zeit (6–8 Wochen) 680 mg/ 100 g Vitamin C im Futter erhalten hatten und dann 10 Wochen lang substituiert wurden mit 5 mg/100 g, konnten in der Leber nicht die Gehalte an mikrosomalem Cytochrom P-450 aufrechterhalten 20 mg/100 g, zeigten in der Leber das für eine Adaptation typische Unterschwingen bei dem Gehalt an mikrosomalem Cytochrom P-450.
    Notizen: Summary Guinea pigs longlastingly (6–8 weeks) supplied with 680 mg/100 g vitamin in the food and for ten weeks thereafter exposed to: 5 mg/100 g: show no ability to maintain the amounts of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 20 mg/100 g: show the typical symptom of an evolving adaptation by an overshoot of the amounts of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Summary A promising field of laser utilization is the modification of cell behaviour. Acting on cell biological functions it might be possible to use them to improve medical therapies. This possibility suggests investigation of dosimetry guidelines employing different wavelenghts, power and exposure durations for future potential use of lasers in medicine. In this line of investigation, structural organization and viability of fibroblast has been studied, thus observing that the cell number remains unaltered by low density laser irradiation. Nevertheless, results observed in metabolism variation suggest that, with appropiate irradiation-protocol an efficient modality for enhancement or modulation of cell activity can be found, and thereafter used for therapeutical pourposes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 95-103 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Summary Response of rabbit ear blood vessels and defects on the pig skin to Argon and CO2 lasers, (1 to 4 Watts and 0,1 to 0,2 sec pulses), were analysed. Examining lesion depth and its diameter, it was seen, using both lasers, that when power and time exposure increased, lesion depth increased as well, At the same time, when power was increased and the time of irradiation was constant, the diameter of the lesion remained approximately the same. Histologically, by using Argon laser at 1'5 W, there is no evidence of skin lesion but vessel coagulation occurs. On the other hand, more power (3 to 4 W) produces skin destruction. CO2 laser at 1'5 W causes skin destruction while 3 W penetrates deeper, cutting all tissues and producing vessel-wall fragmentation and haemorrhage. In contrast to CO2 laser, which definitly stops blood circulation by cutting the vessels, Argon laser entails many recurrences and vessels re-start circulation; a fact which is not desirable in cutaneous vascular disorders treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 213-213 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 235-238 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Until now there are no national safety regulations for the medical use of lasers in the Netherlands. However, a committee of experts from hospitals, Health Council of the Netherlands, TNO Medical Technology Unit and industry is preparing recommendations. Their work is based on MPE values and special measurements that are performed to assess divergence and intensity distribution of laser beams, as well as optical and thermal properties of materials that are used in the clinical setting. The final intention of the committee is to advise government and hospitals on technical, environmental and administrative measures for the safety of the various medical laser applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Accident prevention regulations, e.g. VBG 93 “Laser Radiation”, are a national particularity in the FRG. The regulations issued by the injuries insurance institutes are binding upon employers and employees. The apparatus and equipment safety law makes the VBG 93 obligatory also for manufacturers and importers. National and international standards are referred to in relevant context in the VBG 93. The VBG 93 is also used by the governmental authorities for the protection of labour. The medical apparatus decree has to be observed also for medical application. Some important aspects of the VBG 93 will be described in detail.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 329-340 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In general “Dose” by itself as an amount of energy is not a relevant parameter for the description of penetration by non-ionizing (laser) radiation. But dosimetry should not only include the measurements of relevant parameters and its relatioships to tissue effects but also include all possibilities of measurements and relationships which help to control the biological result on tissue by irraditation with non-ionizing laser radiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 361-365 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper the Author presents the guidelines of laser therapy in the Lisbon Institute of Ophthalmology, with spetial referance to the laser parameters, the ocular pathology imposing laser therapy and the necessary conditions for safety of the patient and of the doctor, operating with laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 41-61 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract A review is presented of Raman spectroscopic applications in the study of laser-tissue interactions. The basic definitions of Raman spectroscopy are given with emphasis to those concepts and techniques which are relevant to biomedical material characterization. Representative problems from current literature will be discussed, like atherosclerosis of human vessels, eye lens aging, formation and diagnosis of cataracts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Three different lasers were compared under the same conditions for their effectiveness at producing photodynamic damage to normal colon following sensitization with aluminium sulphonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc). One laser was an argon ion pumped continuous wave (CW) dye laser and the other two were pulsed at 10 kHz (copper vapour laser pumped dye laser, and 5 Hz (flashlamp pumped dye laser). The CW and 10 kHz laser were equally effective at producing damage. The 5 Hz laser failed to produce a photodynamic effect, although occasionally caused a photomechanical effect when the laser fibre was placed touching the colonic mucosa. Quantitative analysis suggests that the high energy pulses of the flashlamp pumped dye laser saturate AlSPc, so very little of the available energy can be used to produce a photodynamic effect, in contrast to the two other lasers which do not produce saturation conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): YAG Laser/Electrodiathermy ; Pulmonary tissue
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract An anatomo-pathological study was undertaken to evaluate the early effects of high and low powered non-contact mode of YAG laser on pulmonary tissue and to compare these effects with those resulting from electro-diathermy. In 40 patients with bronchial carcinoma, thoracotomy was carried out using conventional surgical methods, the part of the lung destined to be excised was then exposed to: Non-contact YAG laser of high or low power (Group A, n=15); cutting/ or coagulation electro-diathermy (Group B,n=15); and mixed (blend) cutting and coagulation electro-diathermy (Group C,n=10). The results indicated that high power non-contact YAG laser is capable of incising the pulmonary parenchyma without bleeding or air leak, only the larger and sub-segmental vessels and bronchial branches needed suturing. This was not the case for electro-diathermy, either in its cutting or blend form. The low power laser was capable of sealing off the superficial bleeding vessels and contracting the alveolar sacs, thus preventing bleeding and air leak. Only the superficial bleeding could be stopped by coagulation diathermy which had no effect in preventing air leak from the parenchyma. Microscopically, apart from evaporation, laser produced charring and coagulative necrosis in the remaining exposed tissue. No evaporation of tissue occurred with electro-diathermy (either in its cutting, blend or coagulation mode). Only a very limited charring and coagulative necrosis was present in the remaining tissues exposed to coagulation electro-diathermy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Nd-YAG laser ; Open lung surgery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract We report on nineteen patients who successfully underwent open lung performance with a Nd-YAG laser in the period December 1987 to August 1988. Reasons for laser operations were lung metastases (twelve cases), lung fibrosis (five patients), one lung cyst and one tuberculoma. We used the Nd-YAG laser in non-contact mode, with focus hand-piece spot size of 1.5 mm, a continual 1064 nm wavelength and a power output 90 W. In these nineteen cases we performed 35 laser photoablations of lung tissue. All patients healed without any serious complications. The major advantage of Nd-YAG laser beam in open lung surgery is in the rapid sealing effect of small airways and of blood vessels up to 3 mm. The Nd-YAG laser seems to be very suitable for operations in lung periphery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 65-65 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Cholesteatoma ; Haematoporphyrin ; Photo-dynamic therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In a previous project on haematoporphyrin (HP) uptake by experimentally induced cholesteatoma of the rabbit, it was shown that HP concentration was remarkably high in the cholesteatoma, with a peak at three hours after intravenous administration of the drug. On the basis of these results an attempt was made to destroy the matrix of cholesteatoma by means of photodynamic therapy. Cholesteatomas were induced bilaterally in the ears of eight rabbits which were divided into two groups, according to the interval between HP administration (5 mg/kg body weight) and irradiation. The irradiation was carried out with light at 600–680 nm, filtered from the emission a quartz halogen lamp (dose rate 300 mW cm−2; total dose 120 J cm−2). The first group was submitted to photodynamic therapy after three hours and the second after twelve hours. In both groups half the rabbits were sacrificed at 24 h and half at 48 h post-irradiation. Histological studies showed significant vascular lesions, necrosis of the wall of the cholesteatoma, interstitial extravasation of blood, and oedema in a high percentage of the animals. The lesions were much greater in animals sacrificed at 48 h after photodynamic therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 151-154 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The treatments of 250 patients with the CO2 laser is described. The procedures were performed under local anaesthesia with minimal instrumentation apart from the laser. Operations were rapid and relatively bloodless, and excellent cosmetic and functional results were obtained. In the post-operative period there was minimal oedema and no significant bleeding. Post-operative pain was also minimal allowing patients to resume their normal diet on the first post-operative day and to return to work. The experience gained with this first group of patients suggests that ideal cases for treatment by this modality include leukoplakia, haemangiomas, epulis and prosthesis fibromas. The CO2 laser is now being used to a lesser extent on in-patients and on those with malignant lesions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Autofluorescence ; Laser-induced fluorescence ; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; Atherosclerosis ; Tissue diagnostics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract We have investigated laser-induced fluorescence frompost mortem human arteries in order to find spectroscopic properties allowing discrimination between normal and atherosclerotic vessel wall. A pulsed nitrogen laser emitting light at a wavelength of 337.1 nm was used as an excitation source. The fluorescence spectrum from 370 to 700 nm was captured and analysed by an optical multichannel analyser. Dimensionless contrast functions were formed by using characteristic spectral features at 390, 415, 480, 580 and 600 nm. All samples were investigated in scans across a region where normal as well as diseased vessel wall appeared. The types of plaque were histopathologically divided into four groups, of which three could be singled out using one or more of our spectroscopic criteria. We also investigated the different layers of the normal and diseased vessel wall in order to determine the various contributions to the fluorescence signal. Furthermore, plasma emission spectra were recorded while ablating the normal as well as the diseased vessel wall with an excimer laser, emitting radiation at 308 nm, thus detecting the change in spectral characteristics during the ablation process down into deeper layers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 203-204 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Photodynamic therapy ; Gastrointestinal tumour ; Advanced lesions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In the study, 120 patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumours were treated by PDT; 5 mg/kg of HpD was intravenously given 48–72 h prior to PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser with an output beam of 630 nm. The irradiation time varied from 15–25 min with a power of 100–350 mW cm−2. The entire tumour was irradiated with a light dose of 100–250 J cm−2. Of the 120 patients, 20 had cancer of esophagus, 72 had cancer of the gastric cardia, 18 had cancer of the stomach and 10 had cancer of the rectum. Eighty-eight patients (73.3%) had a response to PDT. Twelve patients with CR were followed up for one to five years, two patients died during the two years after PDT.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 285-287 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 259-263 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Low-level laser irradiation ; Peripheral nerve injury ; Single effect of 632.8, 660, 830, 880 and 950 nm wavelengths
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty rats underwent a crush injury to their sciatic nerve, followed immediately by a single low-power coherent or non-coherent irradiation administered transcutaneously on the projection of an injured peripheral nerve. Five wavelengths were tested: 632.8, 660, 830, 880 and 950 nm. The electrical activities of the crushed nerve, immediately after irradiation and on the following first, third and seventh day post-crush, were compared to the precrush activity. The results indicate that energy at the wavelength of 632.8 nm (CW He-Ne laser), delivered transcutaneously (10 J cm−2 at each point) along the projections of the nerve, prevents the drop in the functional nerve activity as measured by the combined action potential (AP) after crush injury. Other wavelengths were either less effective (660 nm) or totally ineffective under the same conditions. The beneficial effects were temporary and lasted only one day after injury and the single irradiation session.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 211-220 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 237-240 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Argon laser ; Port-wine stains ; Transcutaneous microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Sixty-two consecutive patients presenting with facial port-wine stains were examined by transcutaneous microscopy prior to argon laser treatment. The capillary morphology was classified and the late outcome was independently examined and scored. It was found that capillary appearances do have some value in predicting a favourable response and in predicting scarring.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Argon laser, Photodynamic therapy ; Cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of continuous-wave argon laser radiation on the growth of solid Ehrlich carcinoma was studied in mice. To enhance the tumour sensitivity to laser radiation, compounds of a porphyrin series were given to animals prior to the laser treatment. Out of 14 substances tested, tetraphenylporphyn-sulphonate and its palladium complex had the most pronounced photosensitizing activity comparable with that of haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). Metallic complexes of tetraphenylporphyn and protoporphyrin were less active. It is concluded that porphyrins are promising sensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Photodynamic therapy ; Haematoporphyrin ; Argon dye laser ; Early stage esophageal cancer ; Head and neck cancer ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This is the report of a pilot study in which the technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT)—in which malignant tissues are destroyed by light after being previously photosensitized by haematoporphyrin or its derivative—was performed using a high power argon-dye laser system which operated at 630±5 nm and optical fibres with either a microlens or a diffusing tip. A total of thirty-seven patients were utilized for this study, including twenty-five patients affected by esophageal carcinoma, five by recurrences of head and neck cancer, four by gastric cancer and three by lung cancer. Among the sixteen cases with superficial or localized cancer of the esophagus, complete and partial responses were observed in seven and six patients, respectively. In advanced and recurring cancers less satisfactory results were obtained. Thus, PDT seems to be useful in cases of small superficial cancers, either primary or recurrent after previous treatments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 83-89 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Summary Standardized operations including incisions and ablations were carried out on pigthroats immediately prior to evaluation of the depths of thermal damage zones measured with a unit of 30 mikrons. The following parameters were applied on the tissue: 1) Continuous versus single pulse mode. 2) equal energy impacts with variation of time and power density. 3) super pulse versus non super pulse. In the 1st series the tissue damage for all tissues examined were significantly lower in the single pulse mode than in the continuous mode. In the 2nd series the pooled material showed a significance in favour of short impacts with high power density although the total energy required for a single operation was up to 40% higher in the high power/short time series. The 3rd series showed no significance in differences between super pulse and nonsuper pulse damage when applying the same average output on the laryngeal tissues involved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 105-109 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The possibility of the potential as well as the safety of an optical fibre delivery system for laser medical applications is reviewed. Fibre directional couplers and connectors are suggested to be developed in view of this power laser application. Finally a special fibre probe radiating a corolla shaped beam for laser angioplasty is briefly described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 119-127 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The characteristics of two modified fiber tips, the metal laser probe and the rounded sapphire contact probe, were examined in vitro and in vivo with respect to some of the risks of laser angioplasty. Both probes have an atraumatic, blunt shape. The laser beam profile of the sapphire contact probe looses its focussing properties in water. In vitro, we found a large temperature gradient from the front to the rim of the probe. Ablative temperatures were reached at the tip whereas the temperature of the metal connector near the rim of the sapphire crystal rose only 30 °C in blood when 15 W Nd-YAG was applied for 1 s. In contrast, the metal laser probe reached temperatures over 500 °C in an in vitro tissue/blood environment when 10 W was applied for 5 s. The metal probe ablated both in the forward and the radial direction. In a rabbit model there was a large variation in temperature of the metal in vivo (70 – 320 °C). The highest temperatures were associated with acute complications. However, in spite of transmural coagulation necrosis the artery wall remained functionally intact during a follow up period of up to 56 days.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 177-179 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Following a brief historical introduction the current status of Medical Laser Safety legislation and practise in the United Kingdom is outlined. Manufacturing and Administrative measures are specified both for public hospitals and private clinics
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 139-141 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The following is a report on a CO2 laser-respiration-triggering with its application in the larynx causing a reduction in the smoke load of the patient. From the result observed — an impro — ved suction capability and a reduced smoke-intensity in the ex —pired respiratory gas — it would appear that this method were suitable for practical application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 381-384 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Although Laser technology has been around in Greece for quite some time, the medical and surgical application of Lasers has only recently started. However, the future seems to be promising due to the existence of advanced Laser Institutes, especially in Crete, the recent creation of the “Greek Medical Laser Society”, the increasing number of well trained physician, in the field of Laser and the expected close cooperation of all of the above.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 63-82 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Our theoretical assessment of laser balloon angioplasty (LBA) begins with a solution of the popular P1 (diffusion) approximation to the radiative transport equation to map the optical field in an axisymmetric, finite annulus surrounding an infinitely long hollow cylindrical vessel. The inner surface is irradiated by diffuse light at 1.06 μm and delivered by a spiral segment of fiberoptic positioned centrally inside an inflated balloon. The present model considers only a single layer of optically homogenous arterial wall because the hollow is presumbly filled with a non-absorbing and non-scattering fluid. The cylindrical enclosure collects reflected light and redirects it back onto the inner surface. Our model accounts for this ‘integrating’ behavior, unique to enclosures. Absorption of the laser light then raises tissue temperature. The resultant transient and spatial temperature distribution is calculated with an implicit Finite Difference algorithm based on the heat conduction equation. Multiple concentric layers, each with different thermal properties from the other, are considered. However, changes in optical and thermal properties with temperature, and thermal phase transitions have been omitted in the present model. Finally, the Arrhenius rate process integral is applied for damage calculations. The temperature patterns of three delivery dose patterns — constant 22.5W (20s), ramp sequences of 40W(5s)-30W(5s)-10W(10s), and 35W(5s)-25W(5s)-15W(10s) — suggest that the second ramp dose may be most efficacious because it generates the longest temperature ‘plateau’ at the intimal-medial junction. Simulations of a hot metallic probe have a consistently higher surface damage than that obtained by LBA of equivalent energy output.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 129-138 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Transmitting 308 nm excimer laser radiation via quartz fibers allows one to perform several surgical procedures inside the eye and on the cornea. A special application tip has been developed for each procedure. 308 nm radiation may damage the lens and the retina of the eye. UV absorbing drugs have been successfully used in in-vitro experiments to reduce the UV exposure of intraocular structures sensitive to 308 nm radiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Fibre optic systems, micromanipulator optics and articulated arms are described with particular emphasis on safety,limitations and areas of likely failure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Following several research programs in the 1960's aimed at studying the adverse biological effects of lasers and other optical radiation sources, laser occupational exposure limits were set and general safety standards were developed. Today, the experience from laser accidents and the development of new lasers and new applications have altered the format of the exposure limits and the safety procedures. It is critically important to distinguish between different biological injury mechanisms. The biological effects of ultraviolet radiation upon the skin and eye are additive over a period of at least one workday, and require different safety procedures. The scattered UV irradiance from excimer lasers may be quite hazardous, depending upon wavelength and action spectra. Since laser technology is young, the exposure of an individual in natural sunlight must be studied to evaluate the potential for chronic effects. The safety measures necessary in the use of lasers depend upon a hazard evaluation. The appropriate control measures and alternate means of enclosure, baffling, and operational control measures are presented. Present laser safety standards are explained briefly. Eye protective techniques and eyewear are considered for a variety of sources. The optical properties of enclosure materials are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The Danish National Regulations are worked out by The Ministry of Labour. The regulations are not expressed in a clear form and guidelines for laser use in medical treatment rest more or less on the interpretation of legal and ethical regulations for medical personnel applicable in other areas. These regulations will be presented. Common Laser regulations for the EEC in cooperation with the ELA are suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract A short survey on the development of the Laser Safety Regulations and Standards in the GDR is given. The last step is the adaptation of the IEC 325 document as the basis of national Laser Safety Standards. This basis is completed by guide-lines covering the general national requirement as well as special regulations for safe use of lasers in medical practise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 253-259 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In France, the safety problems resulting from the therapeutic use of Laser are controled by two Standards NFC 74-311 and 312 These one are analysed. On the other hand an User's Guide which will be in the next edition as as appendice of the NFC 74-312 Standard is presently under consideration by the French committe. This one is analysed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 317-327 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Thermal lasers are used in many specialties. Clinical use of lasers is complicated by variations in tissue characteristics or hazards such as movement. Pionners in this field, relying on experimental work, have mastered the therapeutic use of lasers. Nevertheless, teaching such poorly defined technique has proved to be very difficult. To widespread the use of lasers, it is necessary to work in new directions. The goal is to give the practitioner a real medical tool, which should be cheap, easy and safe to use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 351-358 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Presently, ELT is used 1) for the palliation of symptoms related to advanced cancer and 2) for the cure of benign tumors, vascular lesions, and early cancers in high surgical risk patients. The clinical use of new laser applications such as lithotripsy, hyperthermia, fluorescence, and tissue welding will parallel the development of new technologies in laser sources, optic fibers, and endoscopes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 397-399 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Our Laser Platform reaches more than 9 years of surgical experience, using the CO2 and the Nd:YAG lasers in a multidisciplinary way. By the end of September 1988, 2609 surgical laser procedures have been performed. Bronchoscopic and GI endoscopic laser procedures are not included in this data. Since 3 years, the laser sessions of the annual French Surgical Association Congress are under our responsability. This paper relates the previous laser workshops programs and details the forthcoming workshop on Lasers in Proctology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): 1.318μm Nd-YAG laser ; Laser tissue effects ; New wavelength
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In in vitro and animal experiments the tissue effects of the 1.318μm Nd-YAG laser were compared to those of the standard 1.064μm Nd-YAG laser in order to evaluate the advantages of the new wavelength with a ten times higher absorption in water for gastroenterological tumour treatment. Under irradiation parameters related to clinical endoscopic practice, the laser of the wavelength 1.318μm needs for both vaporization and coagulation significantly less energy than the 1.064μm laser. Since vaporization at 1.318μm is always accompanied by a higher coagulation effect compared to 1.064μm the risk of late necrosis and resulting perforation appears to be increased.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 41-53 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Mathematical model ; Laser surgery ; Optical fibres ; Tumours ; Thermal diffusion ; Multiple fibres
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract A mathematical model is employed to discuss the region treated by local hyperthermia, when the source of heat is a laser whose energy is directed into the treatment region through four optical fibres ending at the corners of a square. If treatment is over a period that is substantially longer than the time for the temperature distribution to reach equilibrium, a steady state model using four point sources can be employed to obtain a general idea of the temperatures reached and the region treated for different power levels and sizes of square. For shorter times, and for more accurate estimation of the regions treated, numerical calculation on a computer is essential. The details of the calculation depend on individual cases, but we demonstrate here that such computations are possible, and present a series of typical results. A comparison is made with the results of a series of experiments on canine liver, showing that it is possible to obtain good qualitative and numerical agreement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Laser hyperthermia ; Mathematical model ; Tumours ; Optical coefficients ; Optical fibres ; Thermal diffusion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract A time dependent mathematical model of optical energy transfer and heat conduction in tissue with strong anisotropic scattering is used to analyse the results of experiments (1) in which the livers of rats were treated by local laser hyperthermia. Good qualitative agreement to the temperature distribution is possible, but satisfactory quantitative agreement is only possible if allowance is made for temperature dependence of the optical and thermal parameters. Analysis of the volume of tissue killed by the treatment shows a marked departure from the rule used in conventional hyperthermia to determine the region treated; the reason for this is not clear, but a number of possibilities are suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 914-922 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal ; melatonin ; circadian rhythm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pineal has been identified as a major circadian pacemaker within the circadian system of a number of lower vertebrates although other pacemaking sites have been implicated as well. The rhythmic synthesis and secretion of the pineal hormone, melatonin, is suggested as the mechanism by which the pineal controls circadian oscillators located elsewhere. Both light and temperature cycles can entrain the pineal melatonin rhythm. The pineal, therefore, acts as a photo and thermoendocrine transducer which functions to synchronize internal cycle with cycles in the environment. A model is presented which portrays the pineal as a major component of a ‘multioscillator’ circadian system and which suggests how these multiple circadian clocks are coupled to each other and to cycles of light and temperature in the external world.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Radiosensitivity ; radioprotection ; chemical modifiers ; biochemical modifiers ; physical modifiers ; physiological modifiers ; synchronisation therapy ; tumour radiosensitizers ; thiol depletion ; tissue hypoxia ; blood flow modification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Conclusion Many different methods exist by which the radiosensitivity of cells, and hence of normal tissues and tumours, can be manipulated. Several of these can be traced to a common redox pathway involving competition between oxidising and reducing species. Others involve the biochemical enzyme systems required for removal of DNA lesions. At the present time most of these approaches are still actively undergoing basic research studies and have not found full application in cancer clinics. For any such approach to be of therapeutic use there must be a rationale for a differential effectiveness in tumours and normal tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 60-69 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Tumour induction ; dose-response relations ; relative biological effectiveness ; fractionation ; dose rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Exposure of man to relatively high doses of ionizing radiation is generally restricted to accidental situations, with very limited knowledge about the actual doses received. Animal experiments can be performed under standardized and controlled conditions and can provide information on the dose-response relationships for radiation carcinogenesis. The risk of inducing neoplastic late effects after total-body irradiation with relatively high doses has been demonstrated for larger animals, such as monkeys and dogs. The bone marrow, the mammary glands and the lungs are among the tissues with the highest susceptibility for radiation carcinogenesis. Experimental results on tumour induction in rodents are summarized with emphasis on the effectiveness in dependence on radiation quality and fractionation or dose rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Spectral titrations ; absorption spectra ; fluorescence spectra ; binding curves ; carbonic anhydrase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The spectrum of a chromophore may change as a result of perturbations in its environment. The spectral changes resulting from the perturbation are often followed by measurements at just one or two wavelengths but it is usually no more difficult to collect entire spectra. The problem comes in analysing the data from such a series of spectra. In this paper we will suggest a simple procedure in which the spectrum observed under any particular set of conditions may be considered to consist of the sum of two distinct spectral forms. The method, which is free of any assumptions regarding the quantitative relationship between the perturbation and the extent of spectral change, defines any given spectrum in terms of an apparent molar fraction of the contributing spectral forms. The variation of this apparent molar fraction provides information from which a quantitative relationship can be developed to describe the dependence of the spectral change on the perturbant. The method is illustrated using the model system of phenol red protonation and is applied to the characterization of the binding of azide ions to cobalt-substituted carbonic anhydrase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 96-98 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Hormonal imprinting ; receptors ; benzodiazepine ; Tetrahymena
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary LiveTetrahymena cells bound3H-diazepam specifically, as demonstrated by autoradiographic evidence of displacement of about 25% of labeled diazepam in the presence of a 1000-fold amount of cold diazepam. The3H-diazepam bound to membrane preparations isolated from untreated (control) cells was not displaced by cold diazepam, whereas cells involved in primary interaction (imprinting) with diazepam showed amplification and specificity of diazepam binding in both in vivo (cell suspension) and in vitro (pellicle) systems, as well as displacement of bound label in the presence of 1000-fold cold diazepam. It appears that diazepam induced imprinting and, consequently, also the formation of specific receptors inTetrahymena.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 104-106 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Enclomiphene ; luteolysis ; guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of two antiestrogens, enclomiphene and tamoxifen, on luteal function in the guinea pig was compared to that of estradiol, a known luteolysin. Enclomiphene caused premature luteolysis when administered during the early or mid-luteal phase of the cycle, but was not as potent as estradiol. Tamoxifen had no effect. The luteolytic effect of enclomiphene was mediated by the uterus, as has been shown for estradiol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 112-114 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Green tea ; black tea ; transketolase ; lactate dehydrogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Drinking of both green and black tea as the only liquid ingested resulted in significant decreases in the activity of transketolase in whole blood of rats both before and after the in vitro addition, of thiamin diphosphate. Liver transketolase activity was decreased only by green tea. Mucosal transketolase activity was not affected by either type of tea. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was not affected by either type of tea, while whole blood LDH was decreased by both green and black tea. Neither tea had any affect on mucosal alkaline phosphatase, but thiamin diphosphatase activity was decreased by both teas. An increase in liver total thiamin resulted from the drinking of both types of tea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 903-909 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal ; melatonin ; circadian rhythm ; photoperiod ; suprachiasmatic nucleus ; photoreceptor ; seasonality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pineal gland is a universal feature of vertebrate organization and has been implicated in the control of rhythmic adaptations to daily and seasonal cycles. This paper considers three aspects of pineal function; the generation of a rhythmical endocrine signal (the nocturnal synthesis of melatonin) and the use of the signal in the regulation of circadian and photoperiodic functions. The shape of the nocturnal signal is determined by an interaction of afferent neural control and biochemical processes intrinsic to the pinealocyte. The nature of the effect of the signal upon circadian systems is unclear, and in adult mammals may not be a specific, direct influence upon the entrainment pathways of the oscillator. In the foetus, strong evidence exists for a physiological role of the maternal melatonin signal as a true internal zeitgeber, remnants of which may persist in the adult. Photoperiodic time measurement in adult and foetal mammals is critically dependent upon the melatonin signal. Indirect evidence indicates that several neural systems may be involved in the response to melatonin and consistent with this, a variety of central melatonin binding sites have been identified in the brain and pituitary. The intra-cellular actions of melatonin and the properties of melatonin responsive neural systems have yet to be identified, but in the context of photoperiodic time measurement, it is clear that the neural responses to melatonin are not dependent upon the circadian clock. The two central effects of melatonin; photoperiodic time measurement and circadian entrainment are probably mediated through completely separate mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 932-938 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Melatonin ; synchronization ; phase adjustment ; photoperiod ; receptors ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; circadian rhythms ; zeitgeber
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Although pinealectomy has little influence on the circadian locomotor rhythms of laboratory rats, administration of the pineal hormone melatonin has profound effects. Evidence for this comes from studies in which pharmacological doses of melatonin are administered under conditions of external desynchronization, internal desynchronization, steady state light-dark conditions, and phase shifts of the zeitgeber. Taken together with recent findings on melatonin receptor concentration in the rat hypothalamus, particularly at the level of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, these results suggest that melatonin is a potent synchronizer of rat circadian rhythms and has a direct action on the circadian pacemaker. It is possible, therefore, that the natural role of endogenous melatonin is to act as an internal zeitgeber for the total circadian structure of mammals at the level of cell, tissue, organ, whole organism and interaction of that organism with environmental photoperiod changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 965-972 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Melatonin ; pineal ; hypothalamus ; photoperiodism ; neural times
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This paper briefly reviews the formal properties of the photoperiodic time measurement apparatus of mammals and presents a hypothetical model for the operation of the neural systems responsible for reading and responding to the nocturnal pineal melatonin signal. The primary melatonin readout mechanism is held to be common to all species responsive to melatonin. It seems likely that this mechanism responds to relative changes in the duration and amplitude of the melatonin signal, rather than the absolute levels of melatonin encountered. A series of neural systems which exploit the calendar information provided by the primary readout is envisaged to vary between and within species, depending upon the neuroendocrine response under consideration. Of particular importance is a mechanism for comparing the relative duration of successive melatonin signals. These more complex elements are responsible for phenomena such as the effects of photopheriodic history and photorefractoriness. The brain may be able to encode an accumulated memory of melatonin signals and thereby define longer term intervals within the annual cycle. A series of response elements within the hypothalamus are engaged by the appropriately processed photoperiodic stimuli. For all elements of this model, their anatomical representations are poorly understood or, in certain cases, completely unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 985-987 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Methylmercury ; sperm motility ; enzymes ; morphology ; rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In an in vitro investigation, methylmercury (MeHg) reduced the motility of rat spermatozoa probably by the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase activities. Concomitant morphological changes observed in the spermatozoa were coiled tails and kinks in midpiece and tail regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1133-1135 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Pentobarbital ; tribromoethanol ; alphaxalone ; sleeping time ; beige mutation ; reduced pigmentation gene ; mice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The anaesthetic responses of homozygous mutant mice were compared with those of their normal heterozygous littermates. The two recessive mutations studied were beige (bg) and reduced pigmentation (rp). Homozygosity for either significantly increased the sleeping time of both sexes after treatment with pentobarbital, tribromoethanol or the steroid anaesthetic alphaxalone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1006-1008 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Butterfly ; neotropical ; Heliconius pachinus ; fourteen-membered lactone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A fourteen-membered lactone,(R)-(Z,E)-9,11-octadecadien-13-olide, was isolated from extruded abdominal glands of a Neotropical, nymphalid butterfly,Heliconius pachinus (Lepidoptera). This compound was obtained from mature adults of both sexes, but was not detected in young adults or pupae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1035-1041 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Mathematical modelling ; bioprocess kinetics ; macroscopic principle ; microscopic/mechanistic approach ; formal macro-approach ; regime analysis ; process bottlenecks ; model bioreactors ; systematic strategy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The elucidation of methodology (i.e. the approach to be used for the adequate quantification of bioprocesses) is a key area for the understanding and commercialization of biotechnology. This paper intends to fill the gap which has long been observed between the purely empirical approach followed in industrial practice and the mechanistic view used in fundamental biological sciences. According to a more systematic strategy in bioprocess design and development the formal macro-approach represents the basis of all engineering considerations. This fact, however, is not to be taken to mean that the macroscopic is an alternative to the microscopic approach; the two are supplementary, as only mechanistic studies are able to give a detailed interpretation of macroscopic behavior and offer a chance to clarify the black-box by identifying, and thus avoiding, process bottlenecks. This will be demonstrated in the case of baker's yeast processing, where the group of Prof. Fiechter has contributed significantly, and also in the case of antibiotic production processing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1055-1061 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Immobilization ; entrapment ; immobilized cells ; micorobial cells ; synthetic resin prepolymers ; bioprocesses ; bioconversion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Living and growing microbial cells were immobilized by entrapping in synthetic resin gels prepared from their prepolymers, and used in the production of various useful substances. The production of the desired metabolites and also both the activity and the stability of the catalytic systems were seriously affected by the physico-chemical properties of the prepolymers, and those of the resin gels subsequently formed, such as gel network, hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity balance and ionic nature, as well as by the type of bioreactors. Hydroxylation of steroids and production of antibiotics, polypeptides and other biologically active substances, and the effects of gell properties on them are discussed as examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Taurocholate ; acinus ; liver perfusion ; extraction ; excretion ; periportal ; bile flow ; oxygen consumption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We investigated whether acinar differences in taurocholate transport are responsible for the increased maximal secretory rate observed after expansion of the bile acid pool. The bile acid pool was expanded by cholate feeding for four days. Periportal and centrizonal hepatocytes were then probed by ante- and retrograde liver perfusion, respectively. In control animals, secretory rate constant α1 averaged 0.439±0.123 and 0.104±0.035 min−1 during ante- and retrograde perfusion, respectively, in the absence of exogenous taurocholate. These value did not significantly change when taurocholate was infused. In cholate-fed animals, α1 was comparable during antegrade perfusion but was significantly reduced (0.038±0.035, p〈0.05) during retrograde perfusion in the absence of exogenous taurocholate, presumably owing to induction of cytosolic bile acid binding proteins. During loading with exogenous taurocholate, by contrast, α1 was significantly accelerated (0.252±0.026; p〈0.01) in centrizonal hepatocytes from bile-acid fed rats. Expansion of the bile acid pool is able to change the bile salt secretory characteristics of centrizonal hepatocytes toward those of periportal ones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 143-146 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rats ; chloroquine ; renal damage ; lysosomes ; acid hydrolases ; membrane damage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The administration of chloroquine to rats resulted in a significant elevation of serum enzymes and a corresponding decrease of these enzymes in the tissues. The changes in serum and kidney enzymes were most marked, thus indicating a primary renal dysfunction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Colonic epithelial cell line ; VIP receptors ; short circuit current
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary At the maximally effective concentration of 10 nM, VIP induced a marked (12.5-fold stimulation above basal), and sustained increase in short circuit current in the human intestinal epithelial cell line Cl.19A grown on permeable filters and placed in Ussing chambers. Half-maximal increase of Isc was observed for 0.1 nM VIP. This was well correlated with the VIP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (ED50:0.07 nM). Binding studies using125I-VIP indicated that Cl.19A cells express a peptide-specific VIP receptor with a dissociation constant of 0.07 nM. Covalent labeling of receptors followed by SDS-PAGE analysis of membrane proteins resulted in the identification of a 63000 dalton binding protein in Cl. 19A cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1112-1115 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Circadian rhythm ; activity ; splitting ; Primates ; Callithrix
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Long-term recordings of the free-running circadian activity rhythm in common marmosets,Callithrix j. jacchus, living under constant environmental conditions (LL 200–470 lx) provided evidence of rhythm splitting in nonhuman primates. In two out of ten test animals two different types of splitting occurred; spontaneous persistent splitting and temporary splitting. Neither a reduction of the illumination intensity nor the application of dark pulses had any effect on the two activity components of the persistently split rhythm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1121-1123 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Estradiol ; parathyroid ; exocytosis ; membrane synthesis ; rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Beta-estradiol-3-benzoate provoked an initial centrifugal membrane shift in rat parathyroid cells and, later, enlargement of the compartments concerned with parathyroid hormone secretion, which suggests that estradiol modulates not only transport and release of parathyroid hormone but also the capacity for its synthesis, packaging and storage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Intravenous (parenteral) nutrition ; gastrointestinal tract ; epithelium ; hormones ; glucagon ; enteroglucagon ; gastrin ; PYY ; Cell division ; cell proliferation ; growth control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intestinal tissue mass was significantly reduced throughout the gastrointestinal tract (p〈0.001) of intravenously fed (TPN) rats. Urogastrone-epidermal growth factor, (URO-EGF), reversed these changes. Although plasma enteroglucagon and gastrin levels showed a small increase with URO-EGF, this was far less than the gut tissue weight change, suggesting that it was unlikely that they were involved in modulating the proliferative response of the intestine to URO-EGF. Peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels were however significantly increased by URO-EGF, indicating that PYY may possibly have a role in the modulation of intestinal cell proliferation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Dystrophin ; calcium ; skeletal muscle ; muscular dystrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary It is suggested that in Duchenne muscular dystrophy the absence of dystrophin, which is probably a cytoskeletal protein underlying the sarcolemma, causes changes in stretch-activated cation channels rather than direct mechanical tearing of the surface membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1013-1018 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Bottleneck theory ; calorimetry ; chemostat ; Crabtree effect ; glucose effect ; S. cerevisiae ; yeast metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The growth physiology ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae strains H1022 and Whi2+ has been studied in aerobic batch and continuous (chemostat) cultures. Results from the measurement of biomass and medium components (off-line) together with oxygen, carbon dioxide and heat measurements (on-line) have been used in an attempt to explore the existence of ‘overflow’ or ‘bottleneck’ metabolism as opposed to catabolite repression (Crabtree effect) in these strains. Chemostat experiments indicated that specific oxygen uptake rate (q o 2) was linearly related to the dilution rate (D) at values below the critical dilution rate (D crit ), becoming constant aboveD crit , which is in agreement with the bottleneck theory. However, batch culture experiments indicated negligible oxygen consumption during the initial glucose growth phase, the culture exhibiting purely anaerobic metabolism. The bottleneck theory would propose thatq O 2, has a constant (maximum) value under these conditions. The results presented here suggest that while the bottleneck theory can be adequately used to describe chemostat growth ofS. cerevisiae, some other control mechanism must be operating under conditions of high glucose concentrations, such as those initially prevailing in the batch culture experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 171-173 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Estrogen receptor ; homogenization ; temperature ; nucleus ; uterus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Homogenization of rat uterus at elevated temperatures results in an increased nuclear localization of unoccupied estrogen receptor. This is a nonlinear effect which is accounted for by an increased population of KCl-resistant nuclear binding sites at the elevated homogenization temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 140-141 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Sturgeon ; HPLC analysis ; retina ; visual pigment ; porphyropsin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The visual pigments of hybrid sturgeon (a cross betweenAcipenser ruthenus (male) andHuso huso (female) have been studied both by the methods of incomplete partial bleaching and HPLC analysis. On the basis of the results obtained the relationship between the structure of opsins and the spectral characteristics of visual pigments is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 146-148 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Cadmium ; metallothionein ; urinalysis ; chronic exposure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Urinary excretion of metallothionein was measured by radioimmunoassay in rats given drinking water containing 5 or 50 mg cadmium/1 for up to 2 years. The metallothionein levels corresponded to the concentration of cadmium in the drinking water and increased linearly over the course of the study. These results demonstrate that urinary metallothionein is a sensitive biological indicator of oral cadmium exposure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 209-211 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): combretaceae ; Combretum caffrum ; combretastatin A-4 ; inhibitor tubulin ; lymphocytic leukemia ; human colon cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The African treeCombretum caffrum (Combretaceae) has been found to contain a powerful inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC502–3 μM), the growth of murine lymphocytic leukemia (L 1210 and P 388 with ED50≈0.003 μM and human colon cancer cell lines [(e.g. LoVo (ED50=0.005 μg/ml), HT29 (ED50 0.02 μg/ml, Colo 205 (ED50=0.07 μg/ml), DLD-1 (ED50=0.005 μg/ml) and HCT-15 (ED50=0.0009 μg/ml)] designated combretastatin A-4 (1c). The structure assigned by spectral techniques was confirmed by synthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 130-132 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Nose ; olfaction ; directional smelling ; orientation ; dichotic stimulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aim of the present study was to establish the crucial precondition for directional smelling, i.e. the ability of humans to discriminate between odorous stimuli perceived either from the right or from the left side. When the ‘pure’ odorants hydrogen sulphide or vanillin were used as stimulants localization was random. On the other hand stimulation with carbon dioxide or menthol yielded identification rates of more than 96%. These results established the fact that directional orientation, considering single momentary odorous sensations, can only be assumed, when the olfactory stimulants simultaneously excite the trigeminal somatosensory system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Orthoptera ; digestive efficiency ; allelochemistry ; cytochrome P450 ; nutrition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Adaptation to a phytophagous diet involves physiological compromises that may be influenced by developmental constraints. In this review, we compare patterns of hostplant utilization with respect to nutrition and allelochemistry in representative holometabolous (lepidopteran) and hemimetabolous (orthopteran) species in order to identify those potential constraints. Overall in Lepidoptera greater molting efficiency and gut permeability, which enhance nutritional efficiency, result in higher exposure to allelochemicals and are associated with greater activity and inducibility of cytochrome P450 monoxygenase detoxication enzymes. In contrast, in Orthoptera, relative impermeability to allelochemicals due to the peritrophic membrane and cuticular sclerotization is associated with reduced nutritional efficiency and lower detoxication enzyme activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Pheromone biochemistry ; enzyme inhibitors ; sensory hair enzymes ; epoxide hydrase ; esterase ; aldehyde dehydrogenase ; Plutella xylostella ; Lymantria dispar ; Heliothis virescens
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pheromone perception requires rapid enzymatic degradation of the active chemical signal in the sensory hairs. Three insects are used to illustrate chemical approaches to studying the degradation of pheromones by antennal enzymes. First, hydrolysis of acetate and haloacetate esters is examined in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella. Second, aldehyde oxidation and the selective inhibition of the oxidase and dehydrogenase activities are described for the tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Finally, a stereochemical analysis of the epoxide-hydrase catalyzed addition of a water molecule to the oxirane ring of disparlure is described for the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 300-302 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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