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  • Other Sources  (399)
  • MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT  (387)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Pflanzenschädling
  • 1975-1979  (397)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1920-1924
  • 1915-1919  (2)
  • 1977  (142)
  • 1975  (255)
  • 1918  (2)
  • 1915
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  • 1975-1979  (397)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1920-1924
  • 1915-1919  (2)
Year
  • 1
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    Earth flattening approximation for body waves derived from geometric ray theory - improvements, corrections and range of applicability (1977)
    In:  J. Geophys., Warszawa, American Geophysical Union, vol. 42, no. 1+2, pp. 429-436, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Theoret. geophys. ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    The flow of heat from Earth's interior (1977)
    In:  Sci. Am., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 236, no. 8, pp. 60-76, pp. L11308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Geothermics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Review article ; SciAm
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Bau und Entwicklungsetappen der westlichen Osteuropäischen Tafel innerhalb der Bjelorussischen SSR und benachbarter Gebiete (1977)
    In:  Zeitschrift f. angew. Geol., Berlin, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 470-478, pp. B04307, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Geol. aspects ; Garetsky ; Aizberg
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Aktuelle Forstschutzmaßnahmen (1977)
    In:  Informationen der Hauptstelle für Forstlichen Pflanzenschutz; Nr. 3
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Description: Beschreibungen der durchgeführten Maßnahmen zum Forstschutz, der gegenwärtigen Situation (von u.a. Kiefernspanner, Forleule, Nonne, Kiefernspinner, Gemeine und Gelbe Kiefernbuschhornblattwespe) und Maßnahmen zur Kontrolle und Überwachung von Schädlingen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf die Schädlingspopulation KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T - und Delta Nied -, dann Entwicklung (Schadinsekten) -; Delta T +: T 〉 20 °C, dann Eiablage (Blauer Kiefernprachtkäfer) bis Ende September
    Keywords: DDR ; 1977 ; Insekten ; Fichte ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY INKA BB
  • 5
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    Modelle zur Dynamik kontinentaler und ozeanischer Lithosphärenplatten (1977)
    Inst. f. Meteorol. und Geophysik der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
    In:  Dissertation, Berichte, Wiesbaden, Inst. f. Meteorol. und Geophysik der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, vol. 10, no. 35, pp. 327-338, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Tectonics ; Modelling ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Braunmuhl
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Task and work performance on Skylab missions 2, 3, and 4: Time and motion study: Experiment M151 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Human task performance was evaluated under weightlessness conditions during long duration space flight in order to study the characteristics of the adaptation function. Results show that despite pronounced variability in training schedules and in initial reaction to the Skylab environment, in-flight task performance was relatively equivalent among Skylab crews, and behavioral performance continued to improve from beginning to end of all missions.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA. JSC Biomed. Results from Skylab; p 136-154
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  • 7
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    Flight control experiences (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: A multidisciplinary medical-management team at mission control provided Skylab crew support by monitoring health, retrieving and compiling experimental data, assisting in the development of flight plans, and by contributing to in-flight procedures and checklists. Real time computers assisted the flight crews in performing medical and other experiments.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Biomed. Results from Skylab; p 20-21
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  • 8
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    Finite element stress analysis of the human left ventricle whose irregular shape is developed from single plane cineangiocardiogram (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The three-dimensional left ventricular chamber geometrical model is developed from single plane cineangiocardiogram. This left ventricular model is loaded by an internal pressure monitored by cardiac catheterization. The resulting stresses in the left ventricular model chamber's wall are determined by computerized finite element procedure. For the discretization of this left ventricular model structure, a 20-node, isoparametric finite element is employed. The analysis and formulation of the computerised procedure is presented in the paper, along with the detailed algorithms and computer programs. The procedure is applied to determine the stresses in a left ventricle at an instant, during systole. Next, a portion (represented by a finite element) of this left ventricular chamber is simulated as being infarcted by making its active-state modulus value equal to its passive-state value; the neighbouring elements are shown to relieve the 'infarcted' element of stress by themselves taking on more stress.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Computer Programs in Biomedicine; 7; Sept
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  • 9
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    Proximity sensor technology for manipulator end effectors (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Optical proximity sensing devices suitable for hand mounting on a manipulator are described, which use near IR LED light sources operating at 0.94 micron and silicon detectors, with appropriate signal processing so that the data are unaffected by ambient light. Laboratory tests with simple proximity sensors are described. Extension of the same techniques to yield multipoint or digital sensors is also discussed. A cooperative proximity sensor concept is described, which employs a composite mirror attached to the work piece to generate an unambiguous set of position and orientation signals. A very rudimentary experiment in local control of a manipulator with a pair of hand mounted proximity sensors is also described.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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  • 10
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    Ride quality research techniques: Section on general techniques (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Information is gathered about the methods currently used for the study of ride quality in a variety of transportation modes by a variety of research organizations, including universities, Federal agencies, contracting firms, and private industries. Detailed descriptions of these techniques and their strengths and weaknesses, and identifying the organizations using such methods are presented. The specific efforts of the Group's participants, as well as a variety of feasible approaches not currently in use, are presented as methodological alternatives under the three basic factors which must be considered in ride quality studies: research techniques, research environments, and choice of subjects.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Summary Report: Workshop on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 38-64
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  • 11
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    On scaling techniques (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An introductory review of the principles of scaling with emphasis on ride quality work is presented. It will be divided into six parts as follows: (1) definition of scaling, (2) scope and goals of scaling, (3) scaling techniques (with emphasis on rating scale, magnitude estimation procedures and cross-modality matching), (4) laboratory vs. field studies, (5) multivariate analysis; and (6) selected references.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Summary Report: Workshop on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 144-156
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  • 12
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    Ride control techniques (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The state-of-the-art in ride quality control techniques for all the primary modes of transportation and the needs for the future are summarized.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Summary Report: Workshop on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 73-143
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  • 13
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    Ride quality research techniques: Section on scaling techniques (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Scaling techniques appropriate for the measurement of ride quality subjective responses are evaluated. The major focal points of interest are summarized in succeeding paragraphs as follow: (1) scope of scaling, (2) goal of scaling, (3) category scales; including polarity, scalar points, and whether the scale is discrete or continuous in nature, (4) need and use of adjectives and/or adverbs, (5) role and use of magnitude estimation, (6) multiple response measures; and (7) related topics.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Summary Report: Workshop on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 65-72
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  • 14
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    Needs of the transportation community: Present and near future (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The impact on the passenger of all aspects of the carrier vehicle physical environment that affect his acceptance of the ride was studied. While motion and vibration are recognized as prime factors affecting subjective reactions, ride quality includes other factors as well (e.g., noise, roominess, etc.) which also can be important. Variables (both subjective and objective) involved and of the interacting effects between variables are identified.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Summary Report: Workshop on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 20-37
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  • 15
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    Accomplishments in ride quality research: Present and near future (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Areas of research in the field of ride quality were categorized into generic subdivisions. The following generic areas were identified: single degree of freedom simulations, multiple degrees of freedom simulations, field simulations, field experiments, surveys/reviews, and modeling techniques. From this review a consensus was reached on the projection of needs for future research efforts, including a prioritization, as well as time and cost estimates of ride quality studies.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Summary Report: Workshop on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 1-19
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  • 16
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    The use of hybrid integrated circuit techniques in biotelemetry applications (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A review is presented of some features of hybrid integrated circuits that make their use advantageous in miniature biotelemetry applications. The various techniques for fabricating resistors, capacitors and interconnections by both thin film and thick film technology are discussed. The use of chip capacitors, resistors, and especially standard IC chips on substrates with fired-on interconnection patterns is emphasized. The review is designed primarily to acquaint biotelemetry users and designers with an overview of this fabrication technique so that they can better communicate their needs with an understanding of its limitations and advantages to facilities specializing in hybrid construction.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Biotelemetry; 4; 4, 19; 1977
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  • 17
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    In-vivo bone strain telemetry in monkeys /M. nemestrina/ (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new method for collecting in-vivo bone strain data in monkeys has been developed and tested. The method includes a system which consists of a new design of implantable strain transducer and its companion telemetry package. The transducer fits into a hole drilled in a monkey tibia and is threaded for subsequent bone ingrowth. The transducers and telemetry package are biocompatible for over 503 days. The telemetry package uses Pulse Interval Ratio Modulation (PIRM) to transmit strain information to receiving equipment located outside the animal housing cage.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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  • 18
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    A subcutaneous channeling probe for implanting long leads (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The channeling probe described in the present paper was designed to overcome surgical problems of the type that were encountered when a multichannel radio transmitter had to be implanted in a cow. The probe was made of a flexible but sufficiently stiff 9.5-mm-diam nylon rod, consisting of 46-cm sections for convenience in sterilization and surgical handling. Stainless steel sleaves reinforced the threaded connecting joints. At one end, arrowhead-shaped channeling heads could be attached to produce wide channels for large sensors. The other end was tapered for narrow channels. Postoperative problems were not encountered in the use of this probe in cows, sheep, and dogs.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Laboratory Animal Science; 27; Dec. 197
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  • 19
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    An electrode system for tetrapolar electrical impedance plethysmography of the finger (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A rigid band electrode system is described which facilitates location of the recording electrodes of a tetrapolar impedance plethysmograph used for measuring pulsations of blood in a finger segment. The electrodes can be relocated accurately, and the volume of the finger segment under study can be precisely defined. The new system ensures good electrical contact and minimizes movement artifacts in the plethysmograph trace by holding the finger segment in a firm position.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-24; July 197
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  • 20
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    Worth assessments of approach to landing (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The objective of worth assessment is to determine a descriptive model of how attributes of a set of objects are combined into preferences for the objects. The technique is described and is applied to the assessment of worth functions in approach to landing for general aviation and air carrier pilots.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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  • 21
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    A layout designer's data projection reticle (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The designer's projection reticle is a modified surplus weapons sighting device consisting of a 3.5 cm diameter, 8.9 focal length coated objective lens. It is placed 1.5 cm in front of a clear flat glass plate on which the aluminized reflective pattern has been deposited. Reflected light passes through the objective lens, off the front surface of the coating, and off the rear coated surface of the objective lens. Several reticle patterns have been designed and tested, and other patterns are in the planning stage. The device may be used for a variety of applications including determining the optimum locations on a cockpit panel for luminous warning indicators requiring rapid manual responses.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Human Factors; 19; Dec. 197
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  • 22
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    Prediction of pilot opinion ratings using an optimal pilot model (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A brief review of some of the more pertinent applications of analytical pilot models to the prediction of aircraft handling qualities is undertaken. The relative ease with which multiloop piloting tasks can be modeled via the optimal control formulation makes the use of optimal pilot models particularly attractive for handling qualities research. To this end, a rating hypothesis is introduced which relates the numerical pilot opinion rating assigned to a particular vehicle and task to the numerical value of the index of performance resulting from an optimal pilot modeling procedure as applied to that vehicle and task. This hypothesis is tested using data from piloted simulations and is shown to be reasonable. An example concerning a helicopter landing approach is introduced to outline the predictive capability of the rating hypothesis in multiaxis piloting tasks.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Human Factors; 19; Oct. 197
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  • 23
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    Influences of joystick spring resistance on the execution of simple and complex positioning movements (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: To provide good proprioceptive feedback in a manual control device for a designation task, spring resistance of a joystick was optimized by adjustment of centering force and deflection nonlinearly with each other by using the psychophysical method of cross modality matching. Designation with zero and first order systems showed that the coarse adjustment was insensitive to stick and certain task parameters, although it was influenced by some biomechanical parameters and the anticipated demands of the final control positioning. Only the more difficult fine adjustment is sensitive to parameter alterations and therefore suitable for optimization attempts. The strong centering of the stick by a nonlinear degressive spring resistance facilitates fine adjustment. Through this, total adjustment time with the first order system is reduced by more than thirty percent, compared to a linear resistance. Tracking experiments affirm the usefulness and preference of nonlinear spring resistance.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 447-451
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  • 24
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    Prosthetic EMG control enhancement through the application of man-machine principles (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An area in medicine that appears suitable to man-machine principles is rehabilitation research, particularly when the motor aspects of the body are involved. If one considers the limb, whether functional or not, as the machine, the brain as the controller and the neuromuscular system as the man-machine interface, the human body is reduced to a man-machine system that can benefit from the principles behind such systems. The area of rehabilitation that this paper deals with is that of an arm amputee and his prosthetic device. Reducing this area to its man-machine basics, the problem becomes one of attaining natural multiaxis prosthetic control using Electromyographic activity (EMG) as the means of communication between man and prothesis. In order to use EMG as the communication channel it must be amplified and processed to yield a high information signal suitable for control. The most common processing scheme employed is termed Mean Value Processing. This technique for extracting the useful EMG signal consists of a differential to single ended conversion to the surface activity followed by a rectification and smoothing.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 258-265
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  • 25
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    The development of a six degree-of-constraint robot performance evaluation test (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A remote manipulator performance evaluation test was developed to test certain tool mating configurations not possible with the standard peg-in-hole type of test. The test attempted to evaluate robot manipulator performance over a full range of six degrees of freedom of motion between a tool and its intended receptacle. The test consists primarily of four different tool geometries and three different receptacle geometries which provide for a progressive reduction in the degrees of freedom of motion, and a progressive increase in the degrees of constraint (DOC) over motion, between the tool and the receptacle. The manipulation times of actual tools and couplings would be predicted by the times for the test tool most like it geometrically. In addition, the influence of four different transmission delays was tested. The results indicate that tool manipulation time can vary by a factor of about four depending on the degrees of constraint over final tool positioning.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 289-292
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  • 26
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    Multi-axis hand controller for the shuttle remote manipulator system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System, has a articulated arm of 50 ft. length with six motor-driven joints. The basic purpose is to establish physical contact with various space hardware items and maneuver these to the desired position and attitude with respect to the Orbiter, nulling out relative velocities and stabilizing the free-body system by managing residual energies. The normal operating mode is resolved-motion end-point rate control by man-in-loop command. The translational freedoms are defined so that the End Effector (EEFTR) of the arm will move in planes parallel to the principal translational planes of the Orbiter, at a rate commanded by the displacement of the Translation Hand Controller in the corresponding freedom and direction. The rotational freedoms are rate-controlled by the Rotation Hand Controller about pivot axes parallel to Orbiter roll, pitch and yaw, originating at the EEFTR reference point.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 285-288
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  • 27
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    Modelling the human operator of slowly responding systems using linear models (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Control of slowly responding systems, such as, helmsman steering a large ship, is examined. It is shown that the describing function techniques are useful in analyzing the control behavior of the helmsman. Models are developed to describe the helmsman's control behavior. It is shown that the cross over model is applicable to the analysis of control of slowly responding systems.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 172-178
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  • 28
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    Driver steering dynamics measured in car simulator under a range of visibility and roadmaking conditions (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A simulation experiment was conducted to determine the effect of reduced visibility on driver lateral (steering) control. The simulator included a real car cab and a single lane road image projected on a screen six feet in front of the driver. Simulated equations of motion controlled apparent car lane position in response to driver steering actions, wind gusts, and road curvature. Six drivers experienced a range of visibility conditions at various speeds with assorted roadmaking configurations (mark and gap lengths). Driver describing functions were measured and detailed parametric model fits were determined. A pursuit model employing a road curvature feedforward was very effective in explaining driver behavior in following randomly curving roads. Sampled-data concepts were also effective in explaining the combined effects of reduced visibility and intermittent road markings on the driver's dynamic time delay. The results indicate the relative importance of various perceptual variables as the visual input to the driver's steering control process is changed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 180-196
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  • 29
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    A model of the human supervisor (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A general model of the human supervisor's behavior is given. Submechanisms of the model include: the observer/reconstructor; decision-making; and controller. A set of hypothesis is postulated for the relations between the task variables and the parameters of the different submechanisms of the model. Verification of the model hypotheses is considered using variations in the task variables. An approach is suggested for the identification of the model parameters which makes use of a multidimensional error criterion. Each of the elements of this multidimensional criterion corresponds to a certain aspect of the supervisor's behavior, and is directly related to a particular part of the model and its parameters. This approach offers good possibilities for an efficient parameter adjustment procedure.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 210-216
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  • 30
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    A control theoretic model of driver steering behavior (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A quantitative description of driver steering behavior such as a mathematical model is presented. The steering task is divided into two levels: (1) the guidance level involving the perception of the instantaneous and future course of the forcing function provided by the forward view of the road, and the response to it in an anticipatory open-loop control mode; (2) the stabilization level whereby any occuring deviations from the forcing function are compensated for in a closed-loop control mode. This concept of the duality of the driver's steering activity led to a newly developed two-level model of driver steering behavior. Its parameters are identified on the basis of data measured in driving simulator experiments. The parameter estimates of both levels of the model show significant dependence on the experimental situation which can be characterized by variables such as vehicle speed and desired path curvature.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 165-171
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  • 31
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    The facilitating effects of uncertainty in long-term manual control (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A 40-minute tracking task with different disturbance inputs was used to look for the effects of reduced task demands on long term manual control. The expected facilitating effects of task difficulty are hard to find. The decrements in performance over the run are no greater for the easier tasks. The detrimental effects of lower demand appear to be increased relative variability in performance, and possibly reduced performance on transition to unexpected, more difficult tasks. An information measure, including the effects of 'self-induced' uncertainty is developed as a work-load measure. There is a positive correlation between this 'self-induced work-load' and performance decrement for the easiest task, just the opposite of what the facilitation hypothesis would predict.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 101-117
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    An approach to the multi-axis problem in manual control (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The multiaxis control problem is addressed within the context of the optimal pilot model. The problem is developed to provide efficient adaptation of the optimal pilot model to complex aircraft systems and real world, multiaxis tasks. This is accomplished by establishing separability of the longitudinal and lateral control problems subject to the constraints of multiaxis attention and control allocation. Control solution adaptation to the constrained single axis attention allocations is provided by an optimal control frequency response algorithm. An algorithm is developed to solve the multiaxis control problem. The algorithm is then applied to an attitude hold task for a bare airframe fighter aircraft case with interesting multiaxis properties.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 58-71
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  • 33
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    Parameter estimation in a human operator describing function model for a two-dimensional tracking task (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A previously described parameter estimation program was applied to a number of control tasks, each involving a human operator model consisting of more than one describing function. One of these experiments is treated in more detail. It consisted of a two dimensional tracking task with identical controlled elements. The tracking errors were presented on one display as two vertically moving horizontal lines. Each loop had its own manipulator. The two forcing functions were mutually independent and consisted each of 9 sine waves. A human operator model was chosen consisting of 4 describing functions, thus taking into account possible linear cross couplings. From the Fourier coefficients of the relevant signals the model parameters were estimated after alignment, averaging over a number of runs and decoupling. The results show that for the elements in the main loops the crossover model applies. A weak linear cross coupling existed with the same dynamics as the elements in the main loops but with a negative sign.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 49-57
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  • 34
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    A quasi-linear control theory analysis of timesharing skills (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Performance with practice on two dual-task combinations, dual-axis tracking and two discrete information processing tasks, is examined in an effort to identify the presence and development of specific time sharing skills, such as parallel information processing or rapid intertask switching. The generality of time sharing skills also is investigated by examining transfer of these skills between the two qualitatively different task combinations.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 35-43
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  • 35
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    A dual-loop model of the human controller (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A representative model of the human controller in single-axis compensatory tracking tasks that exhibits an internal feedback loop which is not evident in single-loop models now in common use is presented. This hypothetical inner-loop involves a neuromuscular command signal derived from the time rate of change of controlled element output which is due to control activity. It is not contended that the single-loop human controller models now in use are incorrect, but that they contain an implicit but important internal loop closure, which, if explicitly considered, can account for a good deal of the adaptive nature of the human controller in a systematic manner.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 44-48
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  • 36
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    The effects of deviate internal representations in the optimal model of the human operator (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some of the issues and equations involved in predicting closed-loop man machine performance for situations in which the human operators' knowledge of the system and/or environment are imperfect are presented and discussed. Several examples to demonstrate some of the effects to be expected when such is the case are then given.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 17-26
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  • 37
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    Successful trnasfer of adaptation environments in navy flight training (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Two flight students, grounded for the reason they were highly susceptible to motion sickness, completed their training after gradually adapting 10 rpm, achieved by executing head movements during small stepwise increases in angular velocity. Subject 1 executed a total of about 77,000 head movements within a period of five months and Subject 2 executed about 108,000 head movements within a period of 42 days. The transfer of the adaptation acquired in the laboratory to most motion environments aloft was good; the notable exception involved weightless maneuvers in the case of Subject 1. Both were on flight status when contacted recently. The current motion sickness susceptibility in Subject 1 in the fall of 1975 was assessed. He reached a (mild) motion sickness endpoint, in the rotating room, at 17 rpm; the average endpoint is 7 to 8 rpm. Some practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: AGARD Recent Advances in Space Medicine; 5 p
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  • 38
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    Robots and Manipulator Systems. Part 2 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-30
    Description: This book represents a conference on robots and manipulator systems. Topics discussed include: mathematical modeling systems integrators, the use of TV monitors for remote operation of machinery on earth and in space, an evaluation of various control modes, remotely piloted aircraft, undersea operations, and prosthetic devices for the physically handicapped.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Mechanism and Machine Theory (ISSN 0094-114X); 12; 5
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  • 39
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    Thermal Control and Life Support Subsystems (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-160347
    Format: text
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  • 40
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    Skylab water balance error analysis (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Estimates of the precision of the net water balance were obtained for the entire Skylab preflight and inflight phases as well as for the first two weeks of flight. Quantitative estimates of both total sampling errors and instrumentation errors were obtained. It was shown that measurement error is minimal in comparison to biological variability and little can be gained from improvement in analytical accuracy. In addition, a propagation of error analysis demonstrated that total water balance error could be accounted for almost entirely by the errors associated with body mass changes. Errors due to interaction between terms in the water balance equation (covariances) represented less than 10% of the total error. Overall, the analysis provides evidence that daily measurements of body water changes obtained from the indirect balance technique are reasonable, precise, and relaible. The method is not biased toward net retention or loss.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-160403 , TIR-782-LSP-7006
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  • 41
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    Analysis of metabolic energy utilization in the Skylab astronauts (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Skylab biomedical data regarding man's metabolic processes for extended periods of weightlessness is presented. The data was used in an integrated metabolic balance analysis which included analysis of Skylab water balance, electrolyte balance, evaporative water loss, and body composition. A theoretical analysis of energy utilization in man is presented. The results of the analysis are presented in tabular and graphic format.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-160402 , TIR-741-MED-7018
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  • 42
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    Display analysis with the optimal control model of the human operator (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Application of the optimal control model of the human operator to problems in display analysis is discussed. Those aspects of the model pertaining to the operator-display interface and to operator information processing are reviewed and discussed. The techniques are then applied to the analysis of advanced display/control systems for a Terminal Configured Vehicle. Model results are compared with those obtained in a large, fixed-base simulation.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Human Factors; 19; Oct. 197
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  • 43
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    Development of a preprototype trace contaminant control system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The steady state contaminant load model based on shuttle equipment and material test programs, and on the current space station studies was revised. An emergency upset contaminant load model based on anticipated emergency upsets that could occur in an operational space station was defined. Control methods for the contaminants generated by the emergency upsets were established by test. Preliminary designs of both steady state and emergency contaminant control systems for the space station application are presented.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151632
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  • 44
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    Walking boot assembly (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A walking boot assembly particularly suited for use with a positively pressurized spacesuit is presented. A bootie adapted to be secured to the foot of a wearer, an hermetically sealed boot for receiving the bootie having a walking sole, an inner sole, and an upper portion adapted to be attached to an ankle joint of a spacesuit, are also described.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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  • 45
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    Flight prototype CO2 and humidity control system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A regenerable CO2 and humidity control system is presently being developed for potential use on the space shuttle as an alternative to the baseline lithium hydroxide system. The system utilizes a sorbent material (designated HS-C) to adsorb CO2 and water vapor from the cabin atmosphere and desorb the CO2 and water vapor overboard when exposed to a space vacuum. Continuous operation is achieved by utilizing two beds which are alternately cycled between adsorption and desorption. A shuttle vehicle integration study showed that the HS-C system offers substantial weight advantages compared to the baseline shuttle orbiter expendable lithium hydroxide CO2 removal system for extended missions beyond the nominal design of four men for seven days. This study defined a system packaging envelope in the area presently occupied by the LiOH cartridges.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151591 , SVHSER-7182
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  • 46
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    Prototype Bosch CO2 reduction subsystem for the RLSE experiment (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Requirements for the Bosch carbon dioxide reduction subsystem were established in a study of regenerative life support evaluation experiments. A detailed design is presented including a schematic, components list and characteristics, requirements summaries, and complete definition of life systems' advanced control/monitor instrumentation applied to the Bosch subsystem. Design information needed to proceed with the final design and fabrication of a preprototype system is presented.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-150504 , LSI-ER-332-2
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  • 47
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    Design of high pressure oxygen filter for extravehicular activity life support system. Volume 2: Test data (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N78-14786.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151572 , TR-415-VOL-2
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  • 48
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    Design of high pressure oxygen filter for extravehicular activity life support system, volume 1 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experience of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with extravehicular activity life support emergency oxygen supply subsystems has shown a large number of problems associated with particulate contamination. These problems have resulted in failures of high pressure oxygen component sealing surfaces. A high pressure oxygen filter was designed which would (a) control the particulate contamination level in the oxygen system to a five-micron glass bead rating, ten-micron absolute condition (b) withstand the dynamic shock condition resulting from the sudden opening of 8000 psi oxygen system shutoff valve. Results of the following program tasks are reported: (1) contaminant source identification tests, (2) dynamic system tests, (3) high pressure oxygen filter concept evaluation, (4) design, (5) fabrication, (6) test, and (7) application demonstration.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151571 , TR-415-VOL-1
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  • 49
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    Iodine generator for reclaimed water purification (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The system disclosed is for controlling the iodine level in a water supply in a spacecraft. It includes an iodine accumulator which stores crystalline iodine, an electrochemical valve to control the input of iodine to the drinking water and an iodine dispenser. A pump dispenses fluid through the iodine dispenser and an iodine sensor to a potable water tank storage. The iodine sensor electronically detects the iodine level in the water, and through electronic means, produces a correction current control. The correction current control operates the electro-chemical iodine valve to release iodine from the iodine accumulator into the iodine dispenser.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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  • 50
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    Generalized environmental control and life support system computer program (G189A) configuration control, phase 2 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The G189A simulation of the Shuttle Orbiter ECLSS was upgraded. All simulation library versions and simulation models were converted from the EXEC2 to the EXEC8 computer system and a new program, G189PL, was added to the combination master program library. The program permits the post-plotting of up to 100 frames of plot data over any time interval of a G189 simulation run. The overlay structure of the G189A simulations were restructured for the purpose of conserving computer core requirements and minimizing run time requirements.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151567 , MDC-G7254
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  • 51
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    A survey of the status of and philosophies relating to cockpit warning systems (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A survey was taken to study current cockpit caution and warning (c/w) systems, and to examine industry philosophies regarding c/w system design including current efforts to improve them. Guidelines currently in use were outlined and those which appear to have general acceptance, those which are considered ineffective or erroneous, and those with which there is broad disagreement as to validity, were delineated. Major airplane manufacturerd were surveyed and a manufacturer dealing specifically with aircraft instrumentation was consulted.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-152071
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  • 52
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    Sampled data analysis of a computer-controlled manipulator (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A comprehensive sampled data analysis of a computer-controlled manipulator is presented in terms of root loci for gain selection and transient responses to step input functions. All parameter values and their derivations where applicable were tabulated. The analysis, while quite specific, uses normalized gain parameters, which allows the results to be applied to any similar system regardless of individual hardware parameter values.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-155272 , JPL-PUB-77-66
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  • 53
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    Development of a non-cryogenic nitrogen/oxygen supply system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Modular components were refined or replaced to improve the performance of the electrolysis module in a system which generates both oxygen and hydrogen from hydrazine hydrate. Significant mechanical and electrical performance improvements were achieved in the cathode. Improvements were also made in the phase separation area but at considerable cost in time and money and to the detriment of other investigative areas. Only the pump/bubble separator failed in a manner necessitating redesign. Its failure was, however, due to its being operated above the temperature range for which it was designed. The basic electrolysis cell design was not changed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151542 , LMSC-D564425
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  • 54
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    A comparison of washout filters using a human dynamic orientation model (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Ormsby model of human dynamic orientation, a discrete time computer program, was used to provide a vestibular explanation for observed differences between two washout schemes. These washout schemes, a linear washout and a nonlinear washout, were subjectively evaluated. It was found that the linear washout presented false rate cues, causing pilots to rate the simulation fidelity of the linear scheme much lower than the nonlinear scheme. By inputting these motion histories into the Ormsby model, it was shown that the linear filter causes discontinuities in the pilot's perceived angular velocity, resulting in the sensation of an anomalous rate cue. This phenomenon does not occur with the use of the nonlinear filter.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-154581
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  • 55
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    Automatic control of human thermal comfort with a liquid-cooled garment (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Water cooling in a liquid-cooled garment is used to maintain the thermal comfort of crewmembers during extravehicular activity. The feasibility of a simple control that will operate automatically to maintain the thermal comfort is established. Data on three test subjects are included to support the conclusion that heat balance can be maintained well within allowable medical limits. The controller concept was also successfully demonstrated for ground-based applications and shows potential for any tasks involving the use of liquid-cooled garments.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-TM-58205 , JSC-12955
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  • 56
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    Technology advancement of the static feed water electrolysis process (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A program to advance the technology of oxygen- and hydrogen-generating subsystems based on water electrolysis was studied. Major emphasis was placed on static feed water electrolysis, a concept characterized by low power consumption and high intrinsic reliability. The static feed based oxygen generation subsystem consists basically of three subassemblies: (1) a combined water electrolysis and product gas dehumidifier module; (2) a product gas pressure controller and; (3) a cyclically filled water feed tank. Development activities were completed at the subsystem as well as at the component level. An extensive test program including single cell, subsystem and integrated system testing was completed with the required test support accessories designed, fabricated, and assembled. Mini-product assurance activities were included throughout all phases of program activities. An extensive number of supporting technology studies were conducted to advance the technology base of the static feed water electrolysis process and to resolve problems.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-152073 , LSI-ER-265-7
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  • 57
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    Double-cross validation of eye scan measurements obtained during simulator landing (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-149890 , TR-1-77
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  • 58
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    Evaluation of kinesthetic-tactual displays using a critical tracking task (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The study sought to investigate the feasibility of applying the critical tracking task paradigm to the evaluation of kinesthetic-tactual displays. Four subjects attempted to control a first-order unstable system with a continuously decreasing time constant by using either visual or tactual unidimensional displays. Display aiding was introduced in both modalities in the form of velocity quickening. Visual tracking performance was better than tactual tracking, and velocity aiding improved the critical tracking scores for visual and tactual tracking about equally. The results suggest that the critical task methodology holds considerable promise for evaluating kinesthetic-tactual displays.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 439-446
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  • 59
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    Prediction of pilot-aircraft stability boundaries and performance contours (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Control-theoretic pilot models can provide important new insights regarding the stability and performance characteristics of the pilot-aircraft system. Optimal-control pilot models can be formed for a wide range of flight conditions, suggesting that the human pilot can maintain stability if he adapts his control strategy to the aircraft's changing dynamics. Of particular concern is the effect of sub-optimal pilot adaptation as an aircraft transitions from low to high angle-of-attack during rapid maneuvering, as the changes in aircraft stability and control response can be extreme. This paper examines the effects of optimal and sub-optimal effort during a typical 'high-g' maneuver, and it introduces the concept of minimum-control effort (MCE) adaptation. Limited experimental results tend to support the MCE adaptation concept.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 313-320
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  • 60
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    The application of integral performance criteria to the analysis of discrete maneuvers in a driving simulator (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The influence of vehicle transient response characteristics on driver-vehicle performance in discrete maneuvers as measured by integral performance criteria was investigated. A group of eight ordinary drivers was presented with a series of eight vehicle transfer function configurations in a driving simulator. Performance in two discrete maneuvers was analyzed by means of integral performance criteria. Results are presented.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: RS-GMR-2394 , MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 81-100
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  • 61
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    The effects of participatory mode and task workload on the detection of dynamic system failures (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The ability of operators to detect step changes in the dynamics of control systems is investigated as a joint function of, (1) participatory mode: whether subjects are actively controlling those dynamics or are monitoring an autopilot controlling them, and (2) concurrent task workload. A theoretical analysis of detection in the two modes identifies factors that will favor detection in either mode. Three subjects detected system failures in either an autopilot or manual controlling mode, under single-task conditions and concurrently with a subcritical tracking task. Latency and accuracy of detection were assessed and related through a speed accuracy tradeoff representation. It was concluded that failure detection performance was better during manual control than during autopilot control, and that the extent of this superiority was enhanced as dual-task load increased. Ensemble averaging and multiple regression techniques were then employed to investigate the cues utilized by the subjects in making their detection decisions.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 126-135
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    Effect of hand-based sensors on manipulator control performance (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Manipulator task categories and motion phases require various hand-based information systems to meet the control performance requirements. The effect of proximity, tactile and force/torque sensors on the performance of remote manipulator control is discussed. An overview is presented on various experimental hand-based information systems which provide the manipulator controller some non-visual 'awareness' of the task environment. The rest of the paper describes and evaluates various control experiments performed at JPL using hand-mounted proximity sensors to guide and control hand motion near solid objects.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Mechanism and Machine Theory; 12; 5, 19; 1977
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    Effect of combined heat and radiation on microbial destruction (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A series of experiments at several levels of relative humidity and radiation dose rates was carried out using spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger to evaluate the effect of heat alone, radiation alone, and a combination of heat and radiation. Combined heat and radiation treatment of microorganisms yields a destruction rate greater than the additive rates of the independent agents. The synergistic mechanism shows a proportional dependency on radiation dose rate, an Arrhenius dependence on temperature, and a dependency on relative humidity. Maximum synergism occurs under conditions where heat and radiation individually destroy microorganisms at approximately equal rates. Larger synergistic advantage is possible at low relative humidities rather than at high relative humidities.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Applied and Environmental Microbiology; 33; May 1977
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    Microbiological profiles of the Viking spacecraft (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Planetary quarantine requirements associated with the launch of two Viking spacecraft necessitated microbiological assessment during assembly and testing at Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center. Samples were collected from the Viking Lander Capsules (VLC), Orbiters (VO), and Shrouds at predetermined intervals during assembly and testing. Levels of bacterial spores per square meter on the VLC-1 and VLC-2 were 1.6 x 10 squared and 9.7, respectively, prior to dry-heat sterilization. The ranges of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms detected on the VO-1 and VO-2 were 4.2 x 10 squared to 4.3 x 10 cubed and 2.3 x 10 squared to 8.9 x 10 cubed/sq m, respectively. Approximately 1300 colonies were picked from culture plates, identified, lyophilized, and stored for future reference. About 75% of all isolates were microorganisms considered indigenous to humans; the remaining isolates were associated with soil and dust. The percentage of microorganisms of human origin was consistent with results obtained with previous automated spacecraft but slightly lower than those observed for manned (Apollo) spacecraft.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Applied and Environmental Microbiology; 33; Feb. 197
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    Temperature control system for water-perfused suits (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A system used to control skin temperature in human subjects wearing water-perfused garments is described. It supplies 8 l/min at 10 psi with water temperature controlled within plus or minus 0.1 C. Temperature control is facilitated by a low circulating thermal mass and a fast responding heater based on a commercially available quartz heat lamp. The system is open so that hot or cold water can be added from the building mains to produce rates of change of water temperature exceeding 5 C/min. These capabilities allow semiautomatic control of skin temperature within plus or minus 0.1 C of desired wave forms.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 42
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    Computerized tomography using video recorded fluoroscopic images (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of video-recorded fluoroscopic images as input data for digital reconstruction of objects from their projections is examined. The fluoroscopic and the scanning apparatus used for the experiments are of a commercial type already in existence in most hospitals. It is shown that for beams with divergence up to about 15 deg, one can use a convolution algorithm designed for the parallel radiation case with negligible degradation both quantitatively and from a visual quality standpoint. This convolution algorithm is computationally more efficient than either the algebraic techniques or the convolution algorithms for radially diverging data. Results from studies on Lucite phantoms and a freshly sacrificed rat are included.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-24; Mar. 197
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    Use of human engineering standards in design (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results are presented for a research study intended to assess the impact of present human engineering standards on product design. The approach consisted of three basic steps: a comparison of two display panels to determine if, in fact, products designed to the same standards are truly standardized; a review of two existing standards to determine how well their information can be used to solve design problems; and a survey of human factors specialists to assess their opinions about standards. It is shown that standards have less than the desired influence on product design. This is evidenced by a lack of standardization between hardware designed under common standards, by deficiencies within the standards that detract from their usefulness and encourage users to ignore them, and by the respondents of the survey who consider standards less valuable than other reference sources for design implementation. Recommendations aimed at enhancing the use of standards are set forth.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Human Factors; 19; Feb. 197
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  • 68
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    A preliminary investigation of the Environmental Control and Life Support Subsystem (EC/LSS) for the space construction base manufacturing modules (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The preliminary data of the environmental control and life support subsystem for a space construction base manufacturing module was reported. A space processing module, which is capable of performing production biological experiments, was chosen as a baseline configuration. The primary assemblies and components considered for use were humidity and temperature control, ventilation fan, cabin fan, water separator, condensate storage, overboard dumping, distribution system, contaminant monitoring, cabin sensors, and fire and smoke detection.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-TM-78123
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    Human factors in design of passenger seats for commercial aircraft: A review (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Seat comfort and safety research since the early part of the century is reviewed. The approach blends empirical and theoretical human factors and technical knowledge of seated humans under static and dynamic conditions experienced on commercial aircraft.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-152627
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    Design for a three-fingered hand (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This paper describes the construction of a prototype mechanical hand or 'end effector' for use on a remotely controlled robot, but with possible application as a prosthetic device. An analysis of hand motions is reported, from which it is concluded that the two most important manipulations (apart from grasps) are to be able to pick up a tool and draw it into a nested grip against the palm, and to be able to hold a pistol-grip tool such as an electric drill and pull the trigger. One of our models was tested and found capable of both these operations.
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    Control and stability problems of remote orbital capture (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Certain space shuttle missions may require retrieval of passive spinning and precessing satellites. One proposed means of retrieval utilizes a free-flying teleoperator launched from the shuttle. A study of misalignment, stability, and certain control aspects during capture of an object is reported here. The approach used is to model the dynamics by a Lagrangian formulation and apply torque components to dissipate motion. Differential angular rates between teleoperator and object are assumed, and control responses after capture are reviewed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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    The LEMMA concept - A new manipulator (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The LEMMA is a proposed conceptual design of a remote teleoperator manipulator arm with 6 degrees of freedom, exclusive of the end-effector. The bevel gear arrangement in 4 of the 6 degrees of freedom, together with the concentric-tubular arm configuration, requires a unique and novel drive mechanism. This differential drive assembly, housed in the shoulder, is a self-compensating device and simplifies the matrix solution for the resolved motion rate control system needed to guide the arm in its performances. The article will describe the need for the 6 degrees of freedom as established by the work envelope, the functioning of the differential shoulder drive, the arm and joint configuration, and the anticipated degree of accuracy.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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    The detection and analysis of point processes in biological signals (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A pragmatic approach to the detection and analysis of discrete events in biomedical signals is taken. Examples from both clinical and basic research are provided. Introductory sections discuss not only discrete events which are easily extracted from recordings by conventional threshold detectors but also events embedded in other information carrying signals. The primary considerations are factors governing event-time resolution and the effects limits to this resolution have on the subsequent analysis of the underlying process. The analysis portion describes tests for qualifying the records as stationary point processes and procedures for providing meaningful information about the biological signals under investigation. All of these procedures are designed to be implemented on laboratory computers of modest computational capacity.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IEEE; vol. 65
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  • 74
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    Ride quality criteria (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Ride quality refers to the interior or passenger environment of a transportation system as well as the passenger response to the environment. Ride quality factors are illustrated with the aid of a diagram presenting inputs to vehicle, the vehicle transfer function, the ride environment, the passenger response function, and the passenger ride response. The reported investigation considers the ride environment as measured on a variety of air and surface vehicles, the passenger response to the environment as determined from laboratory and field surveys, and criteria/standards for vibration, noise, and combined stimuli. Attention is given to the vertical vibration characteristics in cruise for aircraft and automobile, the aircraft vibration levels for various operating regimes, comparative noise levels during cruise, the discomfort level for a 9 Hz sinusoidal vibration, equal discomfort contours for vertical vibration, subjective response to noise in a speech situation, and noise and vibration levels for constant discomfort contours.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: NOISE-CON 77; National Conference on Noise Control Engineering; Oct 17, 1977 - Oct 19, 1977; Hampton, VA
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  • 75
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    Potential use of nutritional factors to optimize performance under stress (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A study of the effects of amino acids on hypothalamo-pituitary capacity to secrete ACTH, and the response of the adrenal gland in terms of corticosterone level in the plasma was discussed in the first part of this report. Second, the report includes a study of the response of protein metabolism in various levels of corticosterone elevation in the plasma. This second part is regarded as having considerable significance for space travel, since this data indicate a threshold level of plasma corticosteroids above which there is increased catabolism of muscle protein.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151676
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    Development of a prototype regeneration carbon dioxide absorber (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A prototype regenerable carbon dioxide absorber was developed to maintain the environmental quality of the portable life support system. The absorber works on the alkali metal carbonate-bicarbonate solid-gas reaction to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The prototype sorber module was designed, fabricated, and tested at simulated extravehicular activity conditions to arrive at optimum design. The unit maintains sorber outlet concentration below 5 mm Hg. An optimization study was made with respect to heat transfer, temperature control, sorbent utilization, sorber life and regenerability, and final size of the module. Important parameters influencing the capacity of the final absorber unit were identified and recommendations for improvement were made.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-152063
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  • 77
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    Analytical evaluation of two motion washout techniques (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Practical tools were developed which extend the state of the art of moving base flight simulation for research and training purposes. The use of visual and vestibular cues to minimize the actual motion of the simulator itself was a primary consideration. The investigation consisted of optimum programming of motion cues based on a physiological model of the vestibular system to yield 'ideal washout logic' for any given simulator constraints.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-154582
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  • 78
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    Computer analysis of arteriograms (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A computer system has been developed to quantify the degree of atherosclerosis in the human femoral artery. The analysis involves first scanning and digitizing angiographic film, then tracking the outline of the arterial image and finally computing the relative amount of roughness or irregularity in the vessel wall. The image processing system and method are described.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Seminar on Applications of optics in medicine and biology; Aug 26, 1976 - Aug 27, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 79
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    Technology advancement of the electrochemical CO2 concentrating process (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A five-cell, liquid-cooled advanced electrochemical depolarized carbon dioxide concentrator module was fabricated. The cells utilized the advanced, lightweight, plated anode current collector concept and internal liquid-cooling. The five cell module was designed to meet the carbon dioxide removal requirements of one man and was assembled using plexiglass endplates. This one-man module was tested as part of an integrated oxygen generation and recovery subsystem.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151995 , LSI-ER-258-10
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  • 80
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    Adaptive control of a robotic manipulator (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A control hierarchy for a robotic manipulator is described. The hierarchy includes perception and robot/environment interaction, the latter consisting of planning, path control, and terminal guidance loops. Environment-sensitive features include the provision of control governed by proximity, tactile, and visual sensors as well as the usual kinematic sensors. The manipulator is considered as part of an overall robot system. 'Adaptive control' in the present context refers to both the hierarchical nature of the control system and to its environment-responsive nature.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Conference on Decision and Control, and Symposium on Adaptive Processes, 16th, and Special Symposium on Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications; Dec 07, 1977 - Dec 09, 1977; New Orleans, LA
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  • 81
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    Adaptive supervisory control of remote manipulation (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The command language by which an operator exerts supervisory control over a general purpose remote manipulator should be designed to accommodate certain characteristics of human performance if there is to be effective communication between the operator and the machine. Some of the ways in which people formulate tasks, use language, learn and make errors are discussed and design implications are drawn. A general approach to command language design is suggested, based on the notion matching the operator's current task schema or context by appropriate program structures or 'frames' in the machine.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Conference on Decision and Control, and Symposium on Adaptive Processes, 16th, and Special Symposium on Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications; Dec 07, 1977 - Dec 09, 1977; New Orleans, LA
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  • 82
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    High-speed computerized tomography (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The development of a high-speed reconstruction processor and a channelized architecture to use with a high-resolution tomographic unit is discussed with attention to the convolution reconstruction algorithm. By means of this algorithm, input data and intermediate result precision required throughout the algorithm execution have been studied with computer simulation using profile data derived from mathematically simulated test objects and experimental animal data. A prototype section for a highly parallel all-digital system executes 60 million arithmetic operations per second, and the full-scale version is expected to reconstruct 500 to 1000 cross sections per second.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Applications of digital image processing; International Optical Computing Conference, San Diego; Aug 25, 1977 - Aug 26, 1977; San Diego, CA
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  • 83
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    The robot's eyes - Stereo vision system for automated scene analysis (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Attention is given to the robot stereo vision system which maintains the image produced by solid-state detector television cameras in a dynamic random access memory called RAPID. The imaging hardware consists of sensors (two solid-state image arrays using a charge injection technique), a video-rate analog-to-digital converter, the RAPID memory, and various types of computer-controlled displays, and preprocessing equipment (for reflexive actions, processing aids, and object detection). The software is aimed at locating objects and transversibility. An object-tracking algorithm is discussed and it is noted that tracking speed is in the 50-75 pixels/s range.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Applications of digital image processing; International Optical Computing Conference, San Diego; Aug 25, 1977 - Aug 26, 1977; San Diego, CA
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    Space construction base support requirements for environmental control and life support systems (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A Space Station analysis study is being performed for NASA which identifies cost-effective Space Station options that can provide a space facility capable of performing space construction, space manufacturing, cosmological research, earth services, and other functions. A space construction base concept for the construction of large structures, such as those needed to implement satellite solar power for earth usage, will be used as a basis for discussing requirements that impact the design selection, level of integration, and operation of environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS). The space construction base configuration also provides a basic Space Station facility that can accommodate biological manufacturing modules, ultrapure glasses manufacturing modules, and modules for other services in a building-block fashion. Examples of special problems that could dictate hardware required to augment the basic ECLSS for autonomous modules will be highlighted. Additionally, overall intravehicular (IVA) and extravehicular (EVA) activities and requirements that could impact the basic station ECLSS degree of closure are discussed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: ASME PAPER 77-ENAS-44 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 1977 - Jul 14, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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    Development of an advanced combined iodine dispenser/detector (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Injection of iodine into water is widely used to control microbial growth. An entirely automated device for I2 injection has been developed for spacecraft application. Transfer of I2 into the water from a concentrated form is controlled electrochemically via feedback from an integrated photometric I2 level detector. All components are contained within a package weighing only 1.23 kg (2.7 lb) dry, which occupies only 1213 cu cm (74 cu in) of space, and which has the capacity to iodinate 10,900 kg (24,000 lb) of water of 5 ppm. These features exceed design specifications. The device performed satisfactorily during extended testing at variable water flow rates and temperatures. Designed to meet specifications of the Shuttle Orbiter, the device will find application in the regenerative water systems of advanced spacecraft.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: ASME PAPER 77-ENAS-30 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 1977 - Jul 14, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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  • 86
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    Investigation of low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Carbon monoxide generation rates related to the use of commerical equipment in Spacelab, added to the normal metabolic and subsystem loads, will produce carbon monoxide levels in excess of the maximum allowable concentration. In connection with the sensitivity of carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts to poisoning at room temperature, catalysts for an oxidation of carbon monoxide at low temperatures have been investigated. It was found that platinum and palladium are the only effective room temperature catalysts which are effective at 333 K. Hopcalite was ineffective at ambient temperatures, but converted CO with 100 percent efficiency at 333 K. Poisoning tests showed the noble metal catalysts to be very sensitive, and Hopcalite to be very resistant to poisoning.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: ASME PAPER 77-ENAS-28 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 1977 - Jul 14, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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  • 87
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    Food and medical sample freezer kit concept for Shuttle (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A variety of food and storage of samples can be provided by a Space Shuttle Orbiter Freezer Kit. The proposed concept is an integrated package consisting of four -23 C (-10 F) storage compartments and a Stirling cycle refrigeration unit. The Stirling cycle mechanical refrigeration was selected over alternative systems for superior efficiency and safety. The trade-offs and a conceptual design of the system are presented.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: ASME PAPER 77-ENAS-23 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 1977 - Jul 14, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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    Water and waste water reclamation in a 21st century space colony (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper presents the results of research on closed-life support systems initiated during a system design study on space colonization and concentrates on the water and waste water components. Metabolic requirements for the 10,000 inhabitants were supplied by an assumed earth-like diet from an intensive agriculture system. Condensed atmospheric moisture provided a source of potable water and a portion of the irrigation water. Waste water was reclaimed by wet oxidation. The dual-water supply required the condensation of 175 kg/person-day of atmospheric water and the processing of 250 kg/person-day of waste water.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: ASME PAPER 77-ENAS-47 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 1977 - Jul 14, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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    Hollow fiber membranes for advanced life support systems (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes an investigation of the practicability of utilizing hollow fiber membranes in vehicular and portable life support system applications. A preliminary screening of potential advanced life support applications resulted in the selection of five applications for feasibility study and testing. As a result of the feasibility study and testing, three applications, heat rejection, deaeration, and bacteria filtration, were chosen for breadboard development testing. Breadboard hardware has been manufactured and tested, and the physical properties of the three hollow fiber membrane assemblies applicable to use aboard future spacecraft have been characterized.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: ASME PAPER 77-ENAS-43 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 1977 - Jul 14, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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  • 90
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    The development and testing of a regenerable CO2 and humidity control system for Shuttle (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A regenerable CO2 and humidity control system is presently being developed for potential use on Shuttle as an alternate to the baseline lithium hydroxide (LiOH) system. The system utilizes a sorbent material (designated 'HS-C') to adsorb CO2 and water vapor from the cabin atmosphere and desorb the CO2 and water vapor overboard when exposed to a space vacuum. Continuous operation is achieved by utilizing two beds which are alternately cycled between adsorption and desorption. This paper presents the significant hardware development and test accomplishments of the past year. A half-size breadboard system utilizing a flight configuration canister was successfully performance tested in simulated Shuttle missions. A vacuum desorption test provided considerable insight into the desorption phenomena and allowed a significant reduction of the Shuttle vacuum duct size. The fabrication and testing of a flight prototype canister and flight prototype vacuum valves have proven the feasibility of these full-size, flight-weight components.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: ASME PAPER 77-ENAS-27 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 1977 - Jul 14, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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  • 91
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    Robots and manipulator systems; Proceedings of the Second Conference on Remotely Manned Systems, Los Angeles, Calif., June 9-11, 1975 (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Attention is given to supervisory control of remote manipulation, an automatic device for measuring viscoelasticity, adaptable programmable assembly systems for teleoperator applications, and proximity sensor technology for manipulator end effectors. Also considered are control and stability problems of remote orbital capture, orbital servicing and remotely manned systems, gray-level transformations for interactive image enhancement, and the design of a three-fingered hand
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Conference on Remotely Manned Systems; Jun 09, 1975 - Jun 11, 1975; Los Angeles, CA; US
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  • 92
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    A kinesthetic-tactual display concept for helicopter-pilot workload reduction (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A kinesthetic-tactual (K-T) display concept is now under research and development (R & D) at the Ohio State University. It appears to offer considerable promise for useful application in helicopters by conveying control information via the sense of touch. This is a review of the overall R & D program including the original K-T display design, initial studies in automobile and fixed-wing vehicles, and feasibility experiments in a helicopter simulator. In addition to investigations of control and potential workload reduction, present efforts are directed toward establishing optimal design requirements for K-T helicopter displays. Potential applications, modes of usage, and the kinds of information that may be displayed in helicopter applications are discussed along with a brief forecast of future R & D. A brief description of the latest multi-axis laboratory prototype K-T display is also provided.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: AHS 77-33-22 , Annual National Forum; May 09, 1977 - May 11, 1977; Washington, DC
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  • 93
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    Computerized X-ray reconstruction tomography in stereometric analysis of cardiovascular dynamics (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A computerized technique is proposed for obtaining cross-sectional images of the dynamic spatial distribution of X-ray attenuation covering the entire anatomic extent of the thorax and its contents in living dogs with a resolution of 1 mm and at time intervals of 1/60 sec. Use is made of an X-ray imaging chain which is a new high-performance video-fluoroscopic system, unique in its design and construction and called SSDSR for single source dynamic spatial reconstructor. This dynamic spatial reconstruction system is shown to provide the temporally and spatially coherent multiple cross sections required to obtain the full three-dimensional anatomic and simultaneous hemodynamic information necessary for detailed quantitative analyses of regional cardiopulmonary and vascular functions in both basic investigations of animals and clinical diagnostic applications to patients. Numerous photographs supplement the text.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Seminar on Applications of optics in medicine and biology; Aug 26, 1976 - Aug 27, 1976; San Diego, CA
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    A design procedure for control/display systems (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This paper proposes a design procedure for control and display systems in which levels of automation vary over a significant range. The elements of the primary analysis tool (the Optimal Control Model of the Human Operator) are briefly reviewed, and the use of the model at three levels of specification (information level, display-element level, and display-format level) is discussed. Based on observation and pilot commentary, it is assumed that the pilot allocates his attention to control the aircraft to the desired level of performance, and then, with remaining capacity, to monitor displays. This facet of behavior is incorporated into the design procedure so that regardless of the level of control automation, all systems are compared at the same level of control performance. The design procedure is applied to the longitudinal control of a CH-47 helicopter. The procedure points out the need for performance-workload relations for control, which are fairly well understood, and performance-workload relations for monitoring, about which little is known.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Human Factors; 19; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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  • 95
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    A quasi-linear control theory analysis of timesharing skills (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The compliance of the human ankle joint is measured by applying 0 to 50 Hz band-limited gaussian random torques to the foot of a seated human subject. These torques rotate the foot in a plantar-dorsal direction about a horizontal axis at a medial moleolus of the ankle. The applied torques and the resulting angular rotation of the foot are measured, digitized and recorded for off-line processing. Using such a best-fit, second-order model, the effective moment of inertia of the ankle joint, the angular viscosity and the stiffness are calculated. The ankle joint stiffness is shown to be a linear function of the level of tonic muscle contraction, increasing at a rate of 20 to 40 Nm/rad/Kg.m. of active torque. In terms of the muscle physiology, the more muscle fibers that are active, the greater the muscle stiffness. Joint viscosity also increases with activation. Joint stiffness is also a linear function of the joint angle, increasing at a rate of about 0.7 to 1.1 Nm/rad/deg from plantar flexion to dorsiflexion rotation.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: MIT Proc., 13th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 463
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 96
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    Ultrafiltration shower water reclamation system for space flight (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-152052
    Format: text
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  • 97
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    Multispectral photographic analysis - A new quantitative tool to assist in the early diagnosis of thermal burn depth (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Annals of Biomedical Engineering; 5; 1977
    Format: text
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  • 98
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    ECLSS consumables analysis: ALT captive/active 1 and captive/active 3 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A consumables analysis of the environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) was performed for approach and landing test (ALT) captive/active missions 1 through 3 and is also applicable to missions 4 and 5. The ECLSS configuration analyzed and the guidelines and assumptions used in performing the analysis are presented. A projection of ammonia temperatures and pressures during the captive/active 1 mission is also included. The resulting consumables, budgets are presented in tabular and graphic form. Adequate margins were obtained for all systems.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-TM-X-74754 , JSC-12913
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
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    Remote manipulator system steering capability for SVDS (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Details of the remote manipulator system steering capability to be implemented into the space vehicle dynamics simulator are reported. The resolve rate law is included as part of the overall steering capability. The steering model includes three automatic modes, four manual augmented modes, and a single joint rate mode.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151438 , LEC-10595 , JSC-12628
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
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    Evaluation of a spacecraft nitrogen generator (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experiment was completed to demonstrate that low ammonia concentrations in the product nitrogen stream are possible using the staging concept. Mixtures of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia were fed into a temperature controlled packed bed ammonia dissociator. An ammonia concentration of 1.03% in the feed stream was reduced to less than 50 ppm at temperatures greater than or equal to 777K. The actual inlet ammonia concentration to the final nitrogen generation module ammonia dissociation stage was only 0.09%.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-151983 , LSI-ER-251-10-2 , AR-2
    Format: application/pdf
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