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  • Books  (28)
  • thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine  (27)
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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Palgrave Macmillan  (28)
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  • Books  (28)
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  • 1
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    Chapter 4 Pharmacological Solutions (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Male Psychological Disorders in Britain, 1945–1980 | A History of Male Psychological Disorders in Britain, 1945-1980 | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Statistically, women appear to suffer more frequently from depressive and anxiety disorders, featuring more regularly in primary care figures for consultations, diagnoses and prescriptions for psychotropic medication. This has been consistently so throughout the post-war period with current figures suggesting that women are approximately twice more likely to suffer from affective disorders than men. However, this book suggests that the statistical landscape reveals only part of the story. Currently, 75 per cent of suicides are among men, and this trend can also be traced back historically to data that suggests this has been the case since the beginning of the twentieth-century. This book suggests that male psychological illness was in fact no less common, but that it emerged in complex ways and was understood differently in response to prevailing cultural and medical forces. The book explores a host of medical, cultural and social factors that raise important questions about historical and current perceptions of gender and mental illness.
    Keywords: anxiety disorders ; depressive disorders ; affective disorders ; male psychological illness ; gender ; mental illness ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter Bibliography (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Self-Harm in Britain | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book is the first account of self-harming behaviour in its proper historical and political context. The rise of self-cutting and overdosing in the 20th century is linked to the sweeping changes in mental and physical health, and wider political context. The welfare state, social work, Second World War, closure of the asylums, even the legalization of suicide, are all implicated in the prominence of self harm in Britain. The rise of 'overdosing as a cry for help' is linked to the integration of mental and physical healthcare, the NHS, and the change in the law on suicide and attempted suicide. The shift from overdosing to self-cutting as the most prominent 'self-damaging' behaviour is also explained, linked to changes in hospital organization and the wider rise of neoliberal politics. Appreciation of history and politics is vital to understanding the psychological concerns over these self-harming behaviours.
    Keywords: political context ; britain ; overdosing ; self-harming behaviour ; self harm ; historical context ; self-cutting ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Constructions of Cancer in Early Modern England (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The study of early modern cancer is significant for our understanding of the period’s medical theory and practice. In many respects, cancer exemplifies the flexibility of early modern medical thought, which managed to accommodate, seemingly without friction, the notion that cancer was a disease with humoral origins alongside the conviction that the malady was in some sense ontologically independent. Discussions of why cancer spread rapidly through the body, and was difficult, if not impossible, to cure, prompted various medical explanations at the same time that physicians and surgeons joined with non-medical authors in describing the disease as acting in a way that was ‘malignant’ in the fullest sense, purposely ‘fierce’, ‘rebellious’ and intractable.3 Theories seeking to explain why cancer appeared most often in the female breast similarly joined culturally mediated anatomical and humoral theory with recognition of the peculiarities of women’s social, domestic and emotional life-cycles. Moreover, as a morbid disease, cancer generated eclectic and sometimes extreme medical responses, the mixed results of which would prompt many questions over the proper extent of pharmaceutical or surgical intervention.
    Keywords: cancer ; early modernity ; early modern cancer ; england ; early modern medical thought ; Arsenic ; Breast cancer ; Canker ; Humorism ; Medicine ; Uterus ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter Introduction (2021)
    Springer Nature | The Sports Playbook | Constructions of Cancer in Early Modern England | Rethinking European Social Democracy and Socialism | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The study of early modern cancer is significant for our understanding of the period’s medical theory and practice. In many respects, cancer exemplifies the flexibility of early modern medical thought, which managed to accommodate, seemingly without friction, the notion that cancer was a disease with humoral origins alongside the conviction that the malady was in some sense ontologically independent. Discussions of why cancer spread rapidly through the body, and was difficult, if not impossible, to cure, prompted various medical explanations at the same time that physicians and surgeons joined with non-medical authors in describing the disease as acting in a way that was ‘malignant’ in the fullest sense, purposely ‘fierce’, ‘rebellious’ and intractable.3 Theories seeking to explain why cancer appeared most often in the female breast similarly joined culturally mediated anatomical and humoral theory with recognition of the peculiarities of women’s social, domestic and emotional life-cycles. Moreover, as a morbid disease, cancer generated eclectic and sometimes extreme medical responses, the mixed results of which would prompt many questions over the proper extent of pharmaceutical or surgical intervention.
    Keywords: cancer ; early modernity ; early modern cancer ; england ; early modern medical thought ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Civilian Lunatic Asylums During the First World War (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book explores the history of asylums and their civilian patients during the First World War, focusing on the effects of wartime austerity and deprivation on the provision of care. While a substantial body of literature on ‘shell shock’ exists, this study uncovers the mental wellbeing of civilians during the war. It provides the first comprehensive account of wartime asylums in London, challenging the commonly held view that changes in psychiatric care for civilians post-war were linked mainly to soldiers’ experiences and treatment. Drawing extensively on archival and published sources, this book examines the impact of medical, scientific, political, cultural and social change on civilian asylums. It compares four asylums in London, each distinct in terms of their priorities and the diversity of their patients. Revealing the histories of the 100,000 civilian patients who were institutionalised during the First World War, this book offers new insights into decision-making and prioritisation of healthcare in times of austerity, and the myriad factors which inform this.
    Keywords: Social History ; History of Medicine ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Psychiatry ; Shell shock ; Soldiers ; Madness ; Welfare austerity ; Institutional care ; Hospitals ; Patient experiences ; Napsbury ; Colney Hatch ; Claybury ; Hanwell ; Standards of care ; Open Access ; Social & cultural history ; European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKL Psychiatry
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Work and Occupation in French and English Mental Hospitals, c.1918-1939 (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that, while occupation has been used to treat the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century, approaches to its use have varied across different countries and in different time periods. Comparing how occupation was used in French and English mental institutions between 1918 and 1939, one hundred years after the heyday of moral therapy, the book is an essential read for those researching the history of mental health and medicine more generally. It provides an overview of the legislation, management structures and financial conditions that affected mental institutions in France and England, and contributed to their differing responses to the new theories of occupational therapy emerging from the USA and Germany during the interwar period.
    Keywords: Mental health ; Moral therapy ; History of psychiatry ; Psychology ; History of work ; Mental institutions ; Mental disorder ; Interwar period ; Neurology ; Occupational therapy ; Medical history ; Patient ; France ; England ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter 16 Surgery and Emotion (2021)
    Springer Nature | The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Surgery | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: In this chapter I have endeavoured to demonstrate the ways in which an approach that takes the emotions seriously might nuance and complicate our understandings of the history of pre-anaesthetic surgery. In general, historians have tended to focus on the operations of surgical dispassion, or what we might now term clinical detachment. What this research suggests, however, is that compassion and emotional expression played a surprisingly important role in shaping the cultures of early nineteenth-century operative surgery as well as the identities of its practitioners. In the decades immediately preceding the advent of anaesthesia, pain became a central concern of surgical discourse and the response to this concern was shaped by the cultures of sentiment and sensibility. However, this culture of compassion was no ‘natural’ reaction to a self-evident problem. Rather, it was a culturally and historically contingent phenomenon which could be harnessed to the ideologies and ambitions of medical reform. In the hands of men like John Bell and Thomas Wakley, the image of the surgeon as a man of refined and honest sentiment was linked to a critique of the medical and surgical ancien regime, providing an idealised representation of a more expert, meritocratic and altruistic profession.
    Keywords: History ; pre-anesthetic surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Bearing Witness (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book is the biography of one of Britain’s foremost animal welfare campaigners and of the world of activism, science, and politics she inhabited. In 1964, Ruth Harrison’s bestseller Animal Machines triggered a gear change in modern animal protection by popularising the term ‘factory farming’ alongside a new way of thinking about animal welfare. Here, historian Claas Kirchhelle explores Harrison’s avant-garde upbringing, Quakerism, and how animal welfare debates were linked to concerns about the wider ethical and environmental trajectories of post-war Britain. Breaking the myth of Harrison as a one-hit wonder, Kirchhelle reconstructs Harrison’s 46 years of campaigning and the rapid transformation of welfare politics and science during this time. Exacerbated by Harrison’s own actions, the decades after 1964 saw a polarisation of animal politics, a professionalisation of British activism, and the rise of a new animal welfare science. Harrison’s belief in incremental reform allowed her to form ties to leading scientists but alienated her from more radical campaigners. Many of her 1964 demands gradually became part of mainstream politics. However, farm animal welfare’s increasing marketisation has also led to a relative divorce from the wider agenda of social improvement that Harrison once bore witness to. This is the first book to cast light on the interlinked histories of British farm animal welfare activism, science, and legislation. Its unique scope allows it to go beyond existing accounts of modern British animal welfare and will be of interest to those interested in animal welfare, environmentalism, and the behavioural sciences.
    Keywords: History of Science ; Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics ; History of Medicine ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Social History ; Animal Ethics ; Animal Machines ; UK government ; Brambell Committee ; Campaign ; Factory farms ; Veterinary science ; Animal psychology ; Animal emotions ; Farming standards ; Agricultural legislation ; Farm Animal Care Trust (FACT) ; Animal welfare post-Brexit ; Political debate ; Environmentalism ; Open Access ; Veterinary medicine ; Bioethics ; European history ; Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Medical Missionaries and Colonial Knowledge in West Africa and Europe, 1885-1914 (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book offers an entangled history of hygiene by showing how knowledge of purity, health and cleanliness was shaped by evangelical medical missionaries and their encounters with people in West Africa. By tracing the interactions and negotiations of six Basel Mission doctors, who practised on the Gold Coast and in Cameroon from 1885 to 1914, the author demonstrates how notions of religious purity, scientific health and colonial cleanliness came together in the making of hygiene during the age of High Imperialism. The heyday of evangelical medical missions abroad coincided with the emergence of tropical medicine as a scientific discipline during what became known as the Scramble for Africa. This book reveals that these projects were intertwined and that hygiene played an important role in all three of them. While most historians have examined modern hygiene as a European, bourgeois and scientific phenomenon, the author highlights both the colonial and the religious fabric of hygiene, which continues to shape our understanding of purity, health and cleanliness to this day.
    Keywords: Switzerland ; Hygiene ; Cleaniness ; Colonial medicine ; Medical missionaries ; West African history ; Cameroon ; Gold Coast ; Basel ; Religious purity ; High Imperialism ; Tropical medicine ; Evangelical missions ; Scramble for Africa ; History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Animals and the Shaping of Modern Medicine (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book breaks new ground by situating animals and their diseases at the very heart of modern medicine. In demonstrating their historical significance as subjects and shapers of medicine, it offers important insights into past animal lives, and reveals that what we think of as ‘human’ medicine was in fact deeply zoological. Each chapter analyses an important episode in which animals changed and were changed by medicine. Ranging across the animal inhabitants of Britain’s zoos, sick sheep on Scottish farms, unproductive livestock in developing countries, and the tapeworms of California and Beirut, they illuminate the multi-species dimensions of modern medicine and its rich historical connections with biology, zoology, agriculture and veterinary medicine. The modern movement for One Health – whose history is also analyzed – is therefore revealed as just the latest attempt to improve health by working across species and disciplines. This book will appeal to historians of animals, science and medicine, to those involved in the promotion and practice of One Health today.
    Keywords: History of Science ; History of Medicine ; Modern History ; Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics ; Social History ; Animal Ethics ; Human health ; Medical research ; Biomedicine ; Animal testing ; Drug development ; One Health ; Public Health ; Zoological gardens ; Diseased Sheep ; Tuberculosis ; rickets ; inter-war medicine ; Calvin W. Schwabe ; Echinococcus tapeworm ; Healthy Cows ; Parasitological Pursuit ; Open Access ; History ; Veterinary medicine ; Bioethics ; Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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