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  • 05.08. Risk  (5)
  • 05.01. Computational geophysics  (4)
  • Elsevier  (9)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 2020-2024  (7)
  • 2020-2022  (2)
  • 1
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    On the complexity of anthropogenic and geological sources of carbon dioxide: Onsite differentiation using isotope surveying (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) co-occur with emissions of these gases from volcanic and urban environments. Therefore, it remains a challenge for the scientific community to identify the contamination sources and quantify the specific contributions. Stable isotopes have many applications in different fields under geosciences, including volcanology, environmental surveying, and climatology. Isotopic surveys allow identification of photosynthetic fractionation in tree forests and gas sources in urban zones, and tracking of volcanic degassing. Thus, the stable isotopic composition of the local GHGs allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts and assists in mitigating the emissions. The present study aimed to distinguish the tropospheric sources of CO2 in the different ecosystems based on the stable isotopic composition of CO2. The study relies on field experiments performed in both volcanic and urban zones of the Mediterranean region. Experiments to identify the CO2 origins in the field were designed and conducted in the laboratory. The CO2 in the air in Palermo, the soil CO2 released at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), and the CO2 emitted at Cava dei Selci (Rome, Italy) were selected for conducting case studies. Isotope surveying of the CO2-containing air in Palermo revealed that the CO2 content was correlated to human activity. Mobile-based measurements of carbon isotope were conducted to distinguish the different sources of CO2 at the district scale. In particular, the isotopic surveying process distinguished landfill-related CO2 emissions from the fossil fuel burning ones. The underlying geological reservoir was identified as the main source of air CO2 at Cava dei Selci. Finally, partitioning of soil CO2 enabled estimation of the geological CO2 estimation in the Vulcano Porto settled zones. The results of the present study revealed that detailed investigations on stable isotopes assist in tracking the CO2 sources and the fate of gas emissions. The fine-tuned experimental solutions assisted in broadening the research perspectives. In addition, deeper insights into the carbon cycle were obtained.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118446
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Carbon dioxide ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Volcanic gases ; Mediterranean region ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Tectonics and seismicity in the Northern Apennines driven by slab retreat and lithospheric delamination (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: Understanding how long-term subduction dynamics relates to the short-term seismicity and crustal tec tonics is a challenging but crucial topic in seismotectonics. We attempt to address this issue by linking long-term geodynamic evolution with short-term seismogenic deformation in the Northern Apennines. This retreating subduction orogen displays tectonic and seismogenic behaviors on various spatiotemporal scales that also characterize other subduction zones in the Mediterranean area. We use visco-elasto-plastic seismo-thermo-mechanical (STM) modeling with a realistic 2D setup based on available geological and geophysical data. The subduction dynamics and seismicity are coupled in the numerical modeling, and driven only by buoyancy forces, i.e., slab pull. Our results suggest that lower crustal rheology and lithospheric mantle temperature modulate the crustal tectonics of the Northern Apennines, as inferred by previous studies. The observed spatial distribution of upper crustal tectonic regimes and surface displacements requires buoyant, highly ductile material in the subduction channel beneath the internal part of the orogen. This allows protrusion of the asthenosphere in the lower crust and lithospheric delamination associated with slab retreat. The resulting surface velocities and principal stress axes generally agree with present-day observations, suggesting that slab delamination and retreat can explain the dynamics of the orogen. Our simulations successfully reproduce the type and overall distribution of seismicity with thrust faulting events in the external part of the orogen and normal faulting in its internal part. Slab temperatures and lithospheric mantle stiffness affect the cumulative seismic moment release and spatial distribution of upper crustal earthquakes. The properties of deep, sub-crustal material are thus shown to influence upper crustal seismicity in an orogen driven by slab retreat, even though the upper crust is largely decoupled from the lithospheric mantle. Our simulations therefore highlight the effect of deep lower crustal rheologies, self-driven subduction dynamics and mantle properties in controlling shallow deformation and seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 228481
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Numerical modeling ; Geodynamics ; Seismotectonics orogen ; Delamination ; Northern Apennines ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 05.01. Computational geophysics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    A numerically robust, parallel-friendly variant of BiCGSTAB for the semi-implicit integration of the viscous term in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-20
    Description: Implicit integration of the viscous term can significantly improve performance in computational fluid dynamics for highly viscous fluids such as lava. We show improvements over our previous proposal for semi-implicit viscous integration in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, extending it to support a wider range of boundary models. Due to the resulting loss of matrix symmetry, a key advancement is a more robust version of the biconjugate gradient stabilized method to solve the linear systems, that is also better suited for parallelization in both shared-memory and distributed-memory systems. The advantages of the new solver are demostrated in applications with both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, covering both the numerical aspect (improved convergence thanks to the possibility to use more accurate boundary model) and the computing aspect (with excellent strong scaling and satisfactory weak scaling).
    Description: Published
    Description: 111413
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: SPH ; Low Reynods number ; Implicit integration ; BiCGSTAB ; GPU ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Building climate resilience through nature-based solutions in Europe: A review of enabling knowledge, finance and governance frameworks (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-01
    Description: The European Union (EU) has firmly positioned itself as a global leader in promoting and implementing nature-based solutions (NBS). The recently released EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change, and Forest Strategy - all representing key pillars of the ambitious European Green Deal (EGD) - rely on NBS to both preserve and restore ecosystem integrity and increase climate resilience. Although research and policy in Europe have advanced the conceptualization and operationalization of NBS, a much wider adoption is needed to reach the ambitious goals of the EGD and fulfil its vision of transforming into a sustainable, climate-neutral, climate resilient, fair, and prosperous EU by 2050. In this paper, we review recent EU-supported research, policy, and practices to identify critical dimensions that still need to be addressed for greater uptake of NBS. While recognising the multiple societal challenges NBS can target, we build on the key messages from the ‘5th European Climate Change Adaptation conference ECCA 2021′ and focus our analysis on NBS for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. We screen a wide range of NBS cases across the EU and identify-three core challenges to implementation: the lack of a comprehensive evidence base on the effectiveness of NBS to address targeted challenges; the need for a greater involvement of the private sector in financing NBS; and opportunities for enhancing stakeholder engagement in the successful design and implementation of NBS. We take these challenges as the starting point for a broader reflection and critical discussion on the role of i) knowledge, i) finance, including investments in NBS and divestments from nature-negative projects, and iii) governance and policy frameworks to enable the uptake of NBS. We conclude by identifying options for the EU to foster the uptake of NBS in research, policy and practice.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100450
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Nature-based solutions ; European Union ; European Green Deal ; Climate change adaptation ; Disaster risk reduction ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Relative seismic and tsunami risk assessment for Stromboli Island (Italy) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Description: An innovative method of estimating the relative risk of buildings exposed to seismic and tsunami hazards in volcanic islands is applied to Stromboli (Italy), a well-known stratovolcano affected by moderate earthquakes and mass-flow-induced tsunamis. The method uses a pre-existing quali-quantitative analysis to assess the relative risk indices of buildings, which provide comparative results useful for prioritisation purposes, in combination with a historical-geographical settlement analysis consistent with the ‘territorialist’ approach to the urban and regional planning and design. The quali-quantitative analysis is based on a new proposed survey-sheet model, useful to collect building information necessary for the relative risk estimation, whereas the historical-geographical investigation is based on the multi-temporal comparison of aerial and satellite images. The proposal to combine two consolidated methods represents an innovation in estimating relative risk. Considering that Stromboli Island had never been subjected to similar analyses, the results of the relative seismic risk assessment are novel and moreover identify buildings with a fairly-low and spatially-uniform relative risk. The results of the relative tsunami risk assessment are consistent with results of similar past studies, identifying buildings with a higher relative risk index on the northern coast of the island. The combined use of a building-by-building survey with a multi-temporal analysis of settlements allows obtaining a higher detail than previously available for the region. If adequately modified, the proposed combination of methods allows assessing relative risk also considering other geo-environmental hazards and their cascading effects, in a multi-hazard risk assessment perspective.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103002
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Relative risk assessment ; Seismic risk ; Tsunami risk ; Volcanic islands ; Stromboli ; Aeolian archipelago ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Deformation induced by distributions of single forces in a layered half-space: EFGRN/EFCMP (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In the present paper we introduce a numerical model for the representation of displacement, strain and stress due to single forces embedded in a layered elastic half-space. The code EFGRN/EFCMP (Elastic Forces GReeN functions/Elastic Forces CoMPutation) is able to represent the mechanical effects due to pre-assigned distributions of single forces. Even if internal deformation sources can be described by distributions of equivalent body forces with vanishing resultant and moment, single forces are employed in geophysics to represent hydraulic and/or lithostatic loads, effects of internal density anomalies, and even some kind of seismic events. A distribution of single forces is also used to describe the effects of an inelastic inclusion located inside an elastic medium. In fact, the recent literature shows that poro-elastic and thermo-elastic inclusions can be represented using single forces distributed on their boundaries. EFGRN/EFCMP shares the benefits of rapid and semi-analytical calculation offered by the parent code, EFGRN/EFCMP , which is instead suitable for the representation of extended dislocation sources, as seismic faults. The present code also provides an option for computing the effects of a distribution of single forces embedded in a homogeneous half-space, by using the analytical solutions of Mindlin. Accordingly, EFGRN/EFCMP can be a valid support both for the representation of forward models of deformation sources and for the procedures of inversion of geodetic data in a layered medium. We show some applications of the code and we provide several scripts in MATLAB language which help the user to quickly start using EFGRN/EFCMP
    Description: Published
    Description: 105136
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Seawater intrusion and hydrogeochemical processes in the Ischia Island groundwater system (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Ischia is a volcanic island located NW of the Gulf of Naples (South Italy). The island of Ischia is a structurally complex hydrothermal active system that hosts a fractured aquifer system whose geometry and hydraulic properties are still partly unknown. The aquifer system of Ischia, composed mainly of Quaternary volcanic deposits and marine sediments, exhibits physically and chemically heterogeneous waters. The intense seismicity and hydrothermal activity are expressed by numerous fumaroles and thermal springs, which have been exploited since ancient times, promoting, and supporting the world-renowned tourist activities that constitute the main economic activity of the island. The aim of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical processes in the Ischia aquifer system. Also, we calculated the proportion of seawater in the aquifer system of Ischia using historical hydrogeochemical data relative to two sampling campaigns. Sixty-nine groundwater and thermal spring samples collected in July 2000 were analyzed and compared with previously published data to identify the changes in seawater contribution. The sample analysis shows that different physicochemical processes occur in the groundwater of Ischia Island, where recharge water, seawater and deep fluids interact and overlap with different intensity. The calculated saline factor indicates a seawater content of up to 70% in some samples near the coast, suggesting that seawater intrusion is the main process in these areas. Later data show that seawater intrusion increases around the coastline with up to 93% seawater content. Finally, data analysis shows that although a change in chemical composition is observed, no variation in thermal water temperature is recorded over time.
    Description: This paper is partially funded by Program U-Apoya (N/A1/2014), University of Chile who granted Dr. Linda Daniele and by project PCI ITAL170012. Additional funding was provided by project M02761 Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale to Renato Somma and by ANID-FONDAP #15200001/ACE210005 (Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes, CEGA). Finally, we acknowledge chief editor Stefano Albanese for handling the manuscript. An anonymous reviewer is acknowledged for the helpful comments and suggestions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106935
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seawater intrusion ; Water-rock interaction ; Thermal waters ; Ischia Island ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Arsenic contamination at the Bagnoli Bay seabed (South Italy) via particle tracking numerical modeling: Pollution patterns from stationary climatic forcings (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Almost 140 years of industrial exploitation have severely degraded the environment of Bagnoli Coroglio (BC), the westernmost neighborhood of the city of Naples (Italy). In this peculiar area, however, geogenic processes overlap with the impact of human activities, making it difficult to distinguish between anthropogenic and geogenic pollution sources. This is particularly true for Arsenic, the concentration of which in the marine sediments largely exceeds the tolerable level for human health and the background value for local pyroclastics. After several studies have used traditional tools based on multivariate statistics, this article attempts at tackling the problem via numerical modeling, which provides a deeper insight into the physics that governs the pollution process. Therefore, we use a particle tracking model to assess whether arsenic levels in the seabed can be affected by the influx of thermal water from an artificial channel outfalling at the westernmost part of the coast The climatic forcings that drive the marine circulation are simplified to basic "scenarios", in which wind and waves are stationary in strength and direction. Since the simulation time is much less than the contamination timescale, the comparison between numerical results and measurements is essentially qualitative and concerns the shape of contamination contours. It was found the primary forcing that enables seabed pollution is the tidal circulation, which, moreover, acts continuously in time. Quantitative arguments based on regression analysis suggest the discharge of thermal water explains almost a quarter of the observed pollution, which is consistent with previous research based on multivariate statistics.
    Description: This research results from a collaboration between the University of Naples Federico II and the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV). The partnership is born in the frame of the multidisciplinary project ABBaCo, funded by the Italian Ministry of Education and Research, which aimed to provide innovative and environmentally friendly solutions for restoring the Bagnoli area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 134955
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Arsenic contamination in marine sediments ; Diffusion in coastal waters ; Numerical modeling ; Particle tracking ; Sediments settling ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 03.04. Chemical and biological ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.08. Risk ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    A novel algorithm for seismic events multiplets search (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: A common practice of seismology is to analyze earthquake occurrence in terms of events catalogues, with the aim to either find useful correlations between internal mechanisms under study and their outcome in the spatial/temporal series of the events or, more directly, to assess some statistical rules from observations. With this approach, catalogues are often searched for some recognizable patterns or behaviors: in this work we present a software tool created to reveal a particular kind of events sequences. The idea follows from the concept of multiplets, a well known events pattern often found in seismic series. A multiplet is defined as a sequence of events, all near in space and time and exhibiting similar magnitudes. The amount of multiplets in seismic series is related, as it is for other clustering mechanisms, to underlying correlations in the physics of the events. The software, built from scratch, scans seismic catalogues in search of events clustered as “multiplets”: this is done through the thorough application of comparison tests whose parameters thresholds are both user defined and semi-automated. The tool is however more “general” in the sense that by varying values of the filtering parameters it can reveal other kind of patterns too. While we think that this tool can be thought as a general purpose space–time series analyzer, we have found it particularly useful when applied to the results of a seismic simulator with the purpose of assessing their adherence with the observed seismicity. It can be used as a sort of metric to quantify the simulation predictions effectiveness in terms of presence of similar multiplets distributions in simulated vs. real catalogues. The software has been entirely developed in the Wolfram Language (Mathematica), a commercial powerful environment for scientific calculus and results report, but the main computational routine has been also ported to python for open-source, copyleft usage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105496
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic multiple events ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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