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  • Articles  (336)
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2010-2014  (336)
  • Geography  (336)
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  • Articles  (336)
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  • 1
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    Geography, trade and regional development: the role of wage costs, exchange rates and currency/capital movements (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: Existing theories of geographical specialization and trade can be classified into four groups: supply-side; demand-side; endogenous growth and institutional models. In the recent past, economic geographers have paid little attention to earlier regional economic analysis and concentrated for the most part on detailed examination of production structures, the chains linking upstream and downstream activities into production and value networks, clusters, institutions and more recently, economic evolution. As a result, existing economic geography is ill-equipped to deal with the impact of some aspects of the evolution of costs, exchange rates, trade and capital flows on regional development and pays relatively little attention to economic calculation. Geographical economics includes an underlying theory of trade and micro-foundations, yet its supply-side approach neglects the role of monetary and demand-side (except in gravity models of trade) factors. The aim of this article is to argue for an extension of existing theoretical frameworks to embrace these issues in the light of recent trends in global economic geography and successive financial and debt crises that have stricken the developed world.
    Keywords: F10 - General, F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade, F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations, F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements, F31 - Foreign Exchange, F32 - Current Account Adjustment ; Short-Term Capital Movements, O10 - General, R10 - General, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    The political economy of global production networks: regional industrial change and differential upgrading in the East European clothing industry (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: Recent years have been testing times for the Eastern European clothing sector. Following two decades of deepening integration into European production networks, the sector has been struggling with the removal of trade quotas, increasing competitive pressures and the global economic crisis. This article takes a long-term view of the trajectories of change in the East European clothing industry drawing on the experience of the Slovak Republic. It examines the regional economic transformations that have resulted, how regional concentrations of clothing production sustained employment during the 1990s, and how tightening competitive pressures have unravelled these regional production systems leading to a differentiated landscape of firm-level upgrading strategies. The article argues that understandings of firm and regional upgrading and downgrading need to be attentive to the role of labour in the tightening landscape of ‘relative competitiveness’ and the political economy of regional integration policies, foreign ownership and the global economic crisis.
    Keywords: L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure ; Industrial Pri, L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather, P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Strategic decoupling, recoupling and global production networks: India's pharmaceutical industry (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: Contemporary debates on economic globalization have emphasized the development opportunities for the Global South through local firms becoming integrated into the global commodity chains (GCCs), value chains (GVCs) and production networks (GPNs) governed by leading multinational corporations. With increasing attention to the negative sides of integration, an emergent issue is the role of disengagement from, and operation outside of, the GPNs of lead firms. Through the case of the Indian pharmaceutical industry, where a selective and short-term strategic decoupling and subsequent recoupling has played a crucial role in the development of what is now the largest such industry in the Global South, this article explores how decoupling from GPNs may lead to positive development outcomes. The experience of India and the pharmaceutical industry shows that a sequence of decoupling and recoupling can be an alternative to strategic coupling as a route to economic development.
    Keywords: O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology, O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements, O20 - General
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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  • 4
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    Innovation drivers, value chains and the geography of multinational corporations in Europe (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: This paper investigates the geography of multinational corporations’ investments in the EU regions. The ‘traditional’ sources of location advantages (i.e. agglomeration economies, market access and labour market conditions) are considered together with innovation and socio-institutional drivers of investments, captured by means of regional ‘social filter’ conditions. This makes it possible to empirically assess the different role played by such advantages in the location decision of investments at different stages of the value chain and disentangle the differential role of national vs. regional factors. The empirical analysis covers the EU-25 regions and suggests that regional socio-economic conditions are crucially important for the location decisions of investments in the most sophisticated knowledge-intensive stages of the value chain.
    Keywords: F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements, F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity, R58 - Regional Development Policy
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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  • 5
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    Trade boom and wage inequality: evidence from Ugandan districts (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: The process of economic integration over the past two decades has been accompanied by expanding skilled wage premia—a key measure of wage inequality—in most countries. This was also the case for Ugandan wage employees during the 1990s, a period of abrupt trade opening, market reforms and improved relations with neighbouring Kenya. As in other unskilled labour abundant countries, this is a surprising result in light of the standard Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) framework. By using a novel district-level analysis, I find that in fact increased trade reduced wage inequality in line with the H–O predictions. During the 1990s districts more exposed to the trade boom experienced a rise in wage premia 2.8 percentage points lower relative to less-exposed districts. On the other hand, the intensification of domestic trade across districts and the increase in average education were associated with increased wage premia during the period of analysis.
    Keywords: F10 - General, F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade, F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions, O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Firm heterogeneity and regional business cycles differentials (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: We analyze the effect of firm heterogeneity on regional business cycle differentials. Using monthly firm-level data for Italy and estimating discrete-response models, we document sizeable and countercyclical differences in amplitude between the Northern and the Southern business cycles. We explore the role of sectoral mix and several firm-specific factors in explaining regional business cycle gaps. Results suggest that regional differences in sectoral composition are not responsible for these discrepancies, whereas firm-level heterogeneity explains 50% of the North–South gap. These results are robust to controlling for (i) firm fixed effects, (ii) spatial fixed effects and (iii) simultaneity bias.
    Keywords: D21 - Firm Behavior, E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles, R10 - General
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    The effect of intra- and inter-regional labour mobility on plant performance in Denmark: the significance of related labour inflows (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: This article investigates the impact of labour mobility on plant performance in Denmark. Our study shows that the effect of labour mobility can only be assessed when one accounts for the type of skills that flow into the plant and the degree to which these match the existing skills at the plant level. As expected, we found that the inflow of skills that are related to skills in the plant impacts positively on plant productivity growth, while inflows of skills that are similar to the plant skills have a negative effect. We used a sophisticated indicator of revealed relatedness that measures the degree of skill relatedness between sectors on the basis of the intensity of labour flows between sectors. Intra-regional mobility of skilled labour had a negative effect on plant performance, but the impacts of intra- and inter-regional mobility depended on the type of skills that flow into the plant.
    Keywords: J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Mapping local productivity advantages in Italy: industrial districts, cities or both? (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: Using data from a large sample of Italian manufacturing firms we provide novel empirical evidence on the magnitude of local productivity advantages in two types of spatially concentrated regions: urban areas (UAs) and industrial districts (IDs). A larger surplus is estimated for cities compared to industrial clusters, only partially related to the more skilled workforce employed in UAs. Over the last decade, the productivity premium of UAs has remained essentially unchanged, while that of IDs has showed a tendency to decline, suggesting that the former were better able to cope with the major shocks that hit the world economy.
    Keywords: C52 - Model Evaluation and Selection, D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital and Total Factor Productivity ; Capacity, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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  • 9
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    The path- and place-dependent nature of scientific knowledge production in biotech 1986-2008 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: This study explores the worldwide spatial evolution of scientific knowledge production in biotechnology in the period 1986–2008. We employ new methodology that identifies new key topics in biotech on the basis of frequent use of title worlds in major biotech journals as an indication of new cognitive developments within this scientific field. Our analyses show that biotech is subject to a path- and place-dependent process of knowledge production. We observed a high degree of re-occurrences of similar key topics in biotech in consecutive years. Furthermore, slow growth cities in biotech are characterized by topics that are less technologically related to other topics, while high growth cities in biotech contribute to topics that are more related to the entire set of existing topics. Slow growth and stable growth cities in biotech introduced more new topics, while fast growth cities in biotech introduced more promising topics. Slow growth cities also showed low levels of research collaboration, as compared with stable and high growth cities.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L65 - Chemicals ; Rubber ; Drugs ; Biotechnology, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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  • 10
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    Global destruction networks, labour and waste (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: Analysis of waste has largely focused on the physical transformation of commodities at the ends of their lives. This has led to a discourse of ongoingness in which the re-use of commodities’ parts is often seen to be almost endless. Such a focus on form, though, fails to adequately account for the movement of value—used here in the Marxist sense of ‘congealed labour’—or to recognize the centrality of the labour process in shaping how previously used parts are prepared for inclusion in new commodities. As a way to correct such failings, here we present the concept of Global Destruction Networks (GDNs). In so doing we make two key arguments: (i) there are indeed limits to commodities’ ongoingness when viewed from the perspective of the production, transfer and realization of value and (ii) workers play key roles in shaping how GDNs are structured.
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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