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  • 1
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    Marine mammal skin microbiotas are influenced by host phylogeny (2020)
    The Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Apprill, A., Miller, C. A., Van Cise, A. M., U'Ren, J. M., Leslie, M. S., Weber, L., Baird, R. W., Robbins, J., Landry, S., Bogomolni, A., & Waring, G. Marine mammal skin microbiotas are influenced by host phylogeny. Royal Society Open Science, 7(5), (2020): 192046, doi:10.1098/rsos.192046.
    Description: Skin-associated microorganisms have been shown to play a role in immune function and disease of humans, but are understudied in marine mammals, a diverse animal group that serve as sentinels of ocean health. We examined the microbiota associated with 75 epidermal samples opportunistically collected from nine species within four marine mammal families, including: Balaenopteridae (sei and fin whales), Phocidae (harbour seal), Physeteridae (sperm whales) and Delphinidae (bottlenose dolphins, pantropical spotted dolphins, rough-toothed dolphins, short-finned pilot whales and melon-headed whales). The skin was sampled from free-ranging animals in Hawai‘i (Pacific Ocean) and off the east coast of the United States (Atlantic Ocean), and the composition of the bacterial community was examined using the sequencing of partial small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA genes. Skin microbiotas were significantly different among host species and taxonomic families, and microbial community distance was positively correlated with mitochondrial-based host genetic divergence. The oceanic location could play a role in skin microbiota variation, but skin from species sampled in both locations is necessary to determine this influence. These data suggest that a phylosymbiotic relationship may exist between microbiota and their marine mammal hosts, potentially providing specific health and immune-related functions that contribute to the success of these animals in diverse ocean ecosystems.
    Description: Funding provided by the Earth Microbiome Project, WHOI Marine Mammal Center, WHOI Ocean Life Institute and WHOI's Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research to A.A. Hawai‘i sampling was undertaken during field projects funded by grants from ONR (N000141310648 to R.W.B, N000141110612 to T.A. Mooney and N00014101686 to R.D. Andrews) and NMFS (NA13OAR4540212 to R.W.B).
    Keywords: Bacteria ; SSU ribosomal RNA gene ; Phylogeny ; Microorganism ; Marine mammal
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Characterizing the culturable surface microbiomes of diverse marine animals (2021)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Keller, A. G., Apprill, A., Lebaron, P., Robbins, J., Romano, T. A., Overton, E., Rong, Y., Yuan, R., Pollara, S., & Whalen, K. E. Characterizing the culturable surface microbiomes of diverse marine animals. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 97(4), (2021): fiab040, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiab040.
    Description: Biofilm-forming bacteria have the potential to contribute to the health, physiology, behavior and ecology of the host and serve as its first line of defense against adverse conditions in the environment. While metabarcoding and metagenomic information furthers our understanding of microbiome composition, fewer studies use cultured samples to study the diverse interactions among the host and its microbiome, as cultured representatives are often lacking. This study examines the surface microbiomes cultured from three shallow-water coral species and two whale species. These unique marine animals place strong selective pressures on their microbial symbionts and contain members under similar environmental and anthropogenic stress. We developed an intense cultivation procedure, utilizing a suite of culture conditions targeting a rich assortment of biofilm-forming microorganisms. We identified 592 microbial isolates contained within 15 bacterial orders representing 50 bacterial genera, and two fungal species. Culturable bacteria from coral and whale samples paralleled taxonomic groups identified in culture-independent surveys, including 29% of all bacterial genera identified in the Megaptera novaeangliae skin microbiome through culture-independent methods. This microbial repository provides raw material and biological input for more nuanced studies which can explore how members of the microbiome both shape their micro-niche and impact host fitness.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (Biological Oceanography) award #1657808 and National Institutes of Health grants 1R21-AI119311–01 to K. E. Whalen, as well as funding from the Koshland Integrated Natural Science Center and Green Fund at Haverford College. This constitutes scientific manuscript #298 from the Sea Research Foundation.
    Keywords: Bacteria ; SSU rRNA ; Coral ; Whale ; Microbiome ; Skin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Local versus site-level effects of algae on coral microbial communities (2021)
    The Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Briggs, A. A., Brown, A. L., & Osenberg, C. W. Local versus site-level effects of algae on coral microbial communities. Royal Society Open Science, 8(9), (2021): 210035, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210035.
    Description: Microbes influence ecological processes, including the dynamics and health of macro-organisms and their interactions with other species. In coral reefs, microbes mediate negative effects of algae on corals when corals are in contact with algae. However, it is unknown whether these effects extend to larger spatial scales, such as at sites with high algal densities. We investigated how local algal contact and site-level macroalgal cover influenced coral microbial communities in a field study at two islands in French Polynesia, Mo'orea and Mangareva. At 5 sites at each island, we sampled prokaryotic microbial communities (microbiomes) associated with corals, macroalgae, turf algae and water, with coral samples taken from individuals that were isolated from or in contact with turf or macroalgae. Algal contact and macroalgal cover had antagonistic effects on coral microbiome alpha and beta diversity. Additionally, coral microbiomes shifted and became more similar to macroalgal microbiomes at sites with high macroalgal cover and with algal contact, although the microbial taxa that changed varied by island. Our results indicate that coral microbiomes can be affected by algae outside of the coral's immediate vicinity, and local- and site-level effects of algae can obscure each other's effects when both scales are not considered.
    Description: This research was supported by the University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology's Small Grants programme and the University of Florida's John J. and Katherine C. Ewel Fellowship.
    Keywords: Microbiomes ; Microbial ecology ; Coral reefs ; Bacteria ; Phycobiome
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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