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  • Articles  (1,231)
  • Hindawi  (1,231)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Public Library of Science
  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019  (1,231)
  • Advances in High Energy Physics  (474)
  • 92585
Collection
  • Articles  (1,231)
Source
Publisher
  • Hindawi  (1,231)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Public Library of Science
Years
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  • 1
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    Study on the Weak Decays (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Motivated by the prospects of the potential particle at high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments, we studied the weak decays, where = , , . The nonfactorizable contributions to hadronic matrix elements are taken into consideration with the QCDF approach. It is found that the CKM-favored decay has branching ratio of , which might be measured promisingly by the future experiments.
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  • 2
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    Torsion Wave Solutions in Yang-Mielke Theory of Gravity (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The approach of metric-affine gravity initially distinguishes it from Einstein’s general relativity. Using an independent affine connection produces a theory with 10 + 64 unknowns. We write down the Yang-Mills action for the affine connection and produce the Yang-Mills equation and the so-called complementary Yang-Mills equation by independently varying with respect to the connection and the metric, respectively. We call this theory the Yang-Mielke theory of gravity. We construct explicit spacetimes with pp-metric and purely axial torsion and show that they represent a solution of Yang-Mills theory. Finally we compare these spacetimes to existing solutions of metric-affine gravity and present future research possibilities.
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  • 3
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    Can Tsallis Distribution Fit All the Particle Spectra Produced at RHIC and LHC? (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: The Tsallis distribution has been tested to fit all the particle spectra at mid-rapidity from central events produced in d + Au, Cu + Cu, and Au + Au collisions at RHIC and p + Pb, Pb + Pb collisions at LHC. Even though there are strong medium effects in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions, the results show that the Tsallis distribution can be used to fit most of particle spectra in the collisions studied except in Au + Au collisions where some deviations are seen for proton and at low . In addition, as the Tsallis distribution can only fit part of the particle spectra produced in Pb + Pb collisions where is up to 20 GeV/c, a new formula with one more fitting degree of freedom is proposed in order to reproduce the entire region.
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  • 4
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    Scattering State of Klein-Gordon Particles by -Parameter Hyperbolic Poschl-Teller Potential (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-10
    Description: The one-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation for equal vector and scalar -parameter hyperbolic Poschl-Teller potential is solved in terms of the hypergeometric functions. We calculate in detail the solutions of the scattering and bound states. By virtue of the conditions of equation of continuity of the wave functions, we obtained explicit expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients and energy equation for the bound state solutions.
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  • 5
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    On Pseudorapidity Distribution and Speed of Sound in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions Based on a New Revised Landau Hydrodynamic Model (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: We propose a new revised Landau hydrodynamic model to study systematically the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in heavy ion collisions over an energy range from a few GeV to a few TeV per nucleon pair. The interacting system is divided into three sources, namely, the central, target, and projectile sources, respectively. The large central source is described by the Landau hydrodynamic model and further revised by the contributions of the small target/projectile sources. The modeling results are in agreement with the available experimental data at relativistic heavy ion collider, large hadron collider, and other energies for different centralities. The value of square speed of sound parameter in different collisions has been extracted by us from the widths of rapidity distributions. Our results show that, in heavy ion collisions at energies of the two colliders, the central source undergoes a phase transition from hadronic gas to quark-gluon plasma liquid phase; meanwhile, the target/projectile sources remain in the state of hadronic gas. The present work confirms that the quark-gluon plasma is of liquid type rather than being of a gas type.
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  • 6
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    Fermion Fields in BTZ Black Hole Space-Time and Entanglement Entropy (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-06
    Description: We study the entanglement entropy of fermion fields in BTZ black hole space-time and calculate prefactor of the leading and subleading terms and logarithmic divergence term of the entropy using the discretized model. The leading term is the standard Bekenstein-Hawking area law and subleading term corresponds to first quantum corrections in black hole entropy. We also investigate the corrections to entanglement entropy for massive fermion fields in BTZ space-time. The mass term does not affect the area law.
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  • 7
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    Null Geodesics and Strong Field Gravitational Lensing of Black Hole with Global Monopole (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-15
    Description: We study two interesting features of a black hole with an ordinary as well as phantom global monopole. Firstly, we investigate null geodesics which imply unstable orbital motion of particles for both cases. Secondly, we evaluate deflection angle in strong field regime. We then find Einstein rings, magnifications, and observables of the relativistic images for supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy NGC4486B. We also examine time delays for different galaxies and present our results numerically. It is found that the deflection angle for ordinary/phantom global monopole is greater/smaller than that of Schwarzschild black hole. In strong field limit, the remaining properties of these black holes are quite different from the Schwarzschild black hole.
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  • 8
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    Homogeneous Field and WKB Approximation in Deformed Quantum Mechanics with Minimal Length (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: In the framework of the deformed quantum mechanics with a minimal length, we consider the motion of a nonrelativistic particle in a homogeneous external field. We find the integral representation for the physically acceptable wave function in the position representation. Using the method of steepest descent, we obtain the asymptotic expansions of the wave function at large positive and negative arguments. We then employ the leading asymptotic expressions to derive the WKB connection formula, which proceeds from classically forbidden region to classically allowed one through a turning point. By the WKB connection formula, we prove the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule up to . We also show that if the slope of the potential at a turning point is too steep, the WKB connection formula is no longer valid around the turning point. The effects of the minimal length on the classical motions are investigated using the Hamilton-Jacobi method. We also use the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization to study statistical physics in deformed spaces with the minimal length.
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  • 9
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    On SU(3) Effective Models and Chiral Phase Transition (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-29
    Description: Sensitivity of Polyakov Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model and Polyakov linear sigma-model (PLSM) has been utilized in studying QCD phase-diagram. From quasi-particle model (QPM) a gluonic sector is integrated into LSM. The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is used in calculating the thermal and dense dependence of quark-antiquark condensate. We review these four models with respect to their descriptions for the chiral phase transition. We analyze the chiral order parameter, normalized net-strange condensate, and chiral phase-diagram and compare the results with recent lattice calculations. We find that PLSM chiral boundary is located in upper band of the lattice QCD calculations and agree well with the freeze-out results deduced from various high-energy experiments and thermal models. Also, we find that the chiral temperature calculated from HRG is larger than that from PLSM. This is also larger than the freeze-out temperatures calculated in lattice QCD and deduced from experiments and thermal models. The corresponding temperature and chemical potential are very similar to that of PLSM. Although the results from PNJL and QLSM keep the same behavior, their chiral temperature is higher than that of PLSM and HRG. This might be interpreted due the very heavy quark masses implemented in both models.
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  • 10
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    Non-Hermitian Dirac Hamiltonian in Three-Dimensional Gravity and Pseudosupersymmetry (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: The Dirac Hamiltonian in the -dimensional curved space-time has been studied with a metric for an expanding de Sitter space-time which is two spheres. The spectrum and the exact solutions of the time dependent non-Hermitian and angle dependent Hamiltonians are obtained in terms of the Jacobi and Romanovski polynomials. Hermitian equivalent of the Hamiltonian obtained from the Dirac equation is discussed in the frame of pseudo-Hermiticity. Furthermore, pseudosupersymmetric quantum mechanical techniques are expanded to a curved Dirac Hamiltonian and a partner curved Dirac Hamiltonian is generated. Using -pseudo-Hermiticity, the intertwining operator connecting the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians to the Hermitian counterparts is found. We have obtained a new metric tensor related to the new Hamiltonian.
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  • 11
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    Bianchi Type-I Universe with Cosmological Constant and Quadratic Equation of State in Modified Gravity (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
    Description: This paper deals with the study of Bianchi type-I universe in the context of gravity. Einstein’s field equations in gravity have been solved in the presence of cosmological constant and quadratic equation of state (EoS) , where is a constant. Here, we have discussed two classes of gravity; that is, and . A set of models has been taken into consideration based on the plausible relation. Also, we have studied some physical and kinematical properties of the models.
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  • 12
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    Phase Transitions of the BTZ Black Hole in New Massive Gravity (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-26
    Description: We investigate thermodynamics of the BTZ black hole in new massive gravity explicitly. For with being the mass parameter of fourth-order terms and AdS curvature radius, the Hawking-Page phase transition occurs between the BTZ black hole and AdS (thermal) soliton. For , however, this transition unlikely occurs but a phase transition between the BTZ black hole and the massless BTZ black hole is possible to occur. We may call the latter the inverse Hawking-Page phase transition and this transition is favored in the new massive gravity.
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  • 13
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    Exact Solution of the Curved Dirac Equation in Polar Coordinates: Master Function Approach (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-01
    Description: We show that the () curved Dirac equation in polar coordinates can be transformed into Schrodinger-like differential equation for upper spinor component. We compare this equation with the Schrodinger equation derived from shape invariance property of second order differential equations of mathematical physics. This formalism enables us to determine the electrostatic potential and relativistic energy in terms of master function and corresponding weight function. We also obtain the spinor wave function in terms of orthogonal polynomials.
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  • 14
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    Bianchi Type-V Bulk Viscous Cosmic String in Gravity with Time Varying Deceleration Parameter (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-01
    Description: We study the Bianchi type-V string cosmological model with bulk viscosity in theory of gravity by considering a special form and linearly varying deceleration parameter. This is an extension of the earlier work of Naidu et al., 2013, where they have constructed the model by considering a constant deceleration parameter. Here we find that the cosmic strings do not survive in both models. In addition we study some physical and kinematical properties of both models. We observe that in one of our models these properties are identical to the model obtained by Naidu et al., 2013, and in the other model the behavior of these parameters is different.
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  • 15
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    Effects of the Variation of SUSY Breaking Scale on Yukawa and Gauge Couplings Unification (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-01
    Description: The present analysis addresses an interesting primary question on how do the gauge and Yukawa couplings unification scales vary with varying SUSY breaking scales , assuming a single scale for all supersymmetric particles. It is observed that the gauge coupling unification scale increases with whereas third-generation Yukawa couplings unification scale decreases with . The rising of the unification scale and also the mass of the color triplet multiplets is necessary to increase the proton decay lifetime; the analysis is carried out with two-loop RGEs for the gauge and Yukawa couplings within the minimal supersymmetric SU(5) model, while ignoring for simplicity the threshold effects of the heavy particles, which could be as large as a few percentages.
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  • 16
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    Neutrino Physics in the Frontiers of Intensities and Very High Sensitivities (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-18
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  • 17
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    Similarity Solution for Free Convection Flow of a Micropolar Fluid under Convective Boundary Condition via Lie Scaling Group Transformations (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-28
    Description: The free convective flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid along permeable vertical plate under the convective boundary condition is investigated. The Lie scaling group of transformations is applied to get the similarity representation for the system of partial differential equations and then the resulting systems of equations are solved using spectral quasi-linearisation method. A quantitative comparison of the numerical results is made with previously published results for special cases and the results are found to be in good agreement. The results of the physical parameters on the developments of flow, temperature, concentration, skinfriction, wall couple stress, heat transfer, and mass transfer characteristics along vertical plate are given and the salient features are discussed.
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  • 18
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    Spherically Symmetric Geometries in and Gravitational Theories (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Using the well know relation between Ricci scalar, , and torsion scalar, , that is, , we show that, for any spherically symmetric spacetime whose (i) scalar torsion vanishing, that is, or (ii) total derivative term, that is, with is the contraction of the torsion, vanishing, or (iii) the combination of scalar torsion and total derivative term vanishing, could be solution for and gravitational theories.
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  • 19
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    Thermodynamic Product Relations for Generalized Regular Black Hole (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-26
    Description: We derive thermodynamic product relations for four-parametric regular black hole (BH) solutions of the Einstein equations coupled with a nonlinear electrodynamics source. The four parameters can be described by the mass (), charge (), dipole moment (), and quadrupole moment (), respectively. We study its complete thermodynamics. We compute different thermodynamic products, that is, area product, BH temperature product, specific heat product, and Komar energy product, respectively. Furthermore, we show some complicated function of horizon areas that is indeed mass-independent and could turn out to be universal.
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  • 20
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    Calculating Masses of Pentaquarks Composed of Baryons and Mesons (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-26
    Description: We consider an exotic baryon (pentaquark) as a bound state of two-body systems composed of a baryon (nucleon) and a meson. We used a baryon-meson picture to reduce a complicated five-body problem to simple two-body problems. The homogeneous Lippmann-Schwinger integral equation is solved in configuration space by using one-pion exchange potential. We calculate the masses of pentaquarks and .
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  • 21
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    Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in 5D Conformally Invariant Gravity (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-28
    Description: We explore the possibility of the spontaneous symmetry breaking in 5D conformally invariant gravity, whose action consists of a scalar field nonminimally coupled to the curvature with its potential. Performing dimensional reduction via ADM decomposition, we find that the model allows an exact solution giving rise to the 4D Minkowski vacuum. Exploiting the conformal invariance with Gaussian warp factor, we show that it also admits a solution which implements the spontaneous breaking of conformal symmetry. We investigate its stability by performing the tensor perturbation and find the resulting system is described by the conformal quantum mechanics. Possible applications to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of time-translational symmetry along the dynamical fifth direction and the brane-world scenario are discussed.
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  • 22
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    Unified Treatment of a Class of Spherically Symmetric Potentials: Quasi-Exact Solution (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Description: We investigate the Schrödinger equation for a class of spherically symmetric potentials in a simple and unified manner using the Lie algebraic approach within the framework of quasi-exact solvability. We illustrate that all models give rise to the same basic differential equation, which is expressible as an element of the universal enveloping algebra of . Then, we obtain the general exact solutions of the problem by employing the representation theory of Lie algebra.
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  • 23
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    Stability of the Regular Hayward Thin-Shell Wormholes (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Description: The aim of this paper is to construct regular Hayward thin-shell wormholes and analyze their stability. We adopt Israel formalism to calculate surface stresses of the shell and check the null and weak energy conditions for the constructed wormholes. It is found that the stress-energy tensor components violate the null and weak energy conditions leading to the presence of exotic matter at the throat. We analyze the attractive and repulsive characteristics of wormholes corresponding to and , respectively. We also explore stability conditions for the existence of traversable thin-shell wormholes with arbitrarily small amount of fluid describing cosmic expansion. We find that the space-time has nonphysical regions which give rise to event horizon for and the wormhole becomes nontraversable producing a black hole. The nonphysical region in the wormhole configuration decreases gradually and vanishes for the Hayward parameter . It is concluded that the Hayward and Van der Waals quintessence parameters increase the stability of thin-shell wormholes.
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  • 24
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    Production of in Radiative Decays (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: We investigate the production of in the process , where is assumed to be the counterpart of in the bottomonium sector as molecular state. We use the effective Lagrangian based on the heavy quark symmetry to explore the rescattering mechanism and calculate their production ratios. Our results have shown that the production ratios for are orders of with reasonable cutoff parameter range . The sizeable production ratios may be accessible at the future experiments like forthcoming BelleII, which will provide important clues to the inner structures of the exotic state .
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  • 25
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    Lepton Pair Čerenkov Radiation Emitted by Tachyonic Neutrinos: Lorentz-Covariant Approach and IceCube Data (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: Current experiments do not exclude the possibility that one or more neutrinos are very slightly superluminal or that they have a very small tachyonic mass. Important bounds on the size of a hypothetical tachyonic neutrino mass term are set by lepton pair Čerenkov radiation (LPCR), that is, by the decay channel , which proceeds via a virtual boson. Here, we use a Lorentz-invariant dispersion relation which leads to very tight constraints on the tachyonic mass of neutrinos; we also calculate decay and energy loss rates. A possible cutoff seen in the IceCube neutrino spectrum for  PeV, due to the potential onset of LPCR, is discussed.
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  • 26
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    On the UV Dimensions of Loop Quantum Gravity (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Planck-scale dynamical dimensional reduction is attracting more and more interest in the quantum-gravity literature since it seems to be a model independent effect. However, different studies base their results on different concepts of space-time dimensionality. Most of them rely on the spectral dimension; others refer to the Hausdorff dimension; and, very recently, the thermal dimension has also been introduced. We here show that all these distinct definitions of dimension give the same outcome in the case of the effective regime of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). This is achieved by deriving a modified dispersion relation from the hypersurface-deformation algebra with quantum corrections. Moreover, we also observe that the number of UV dimensions can be used to constrain the ambiguities in the choice of these LQG-based modifications of the Dirac space-time algebra. In this regard, introducing the polymerization of connections, that is, , we find that the leading quantum correction gives . This result may indicate that the running to the expected value of two dimensions is ongoing, but it has not been completed yet. Finding at ultrashort distances would require going beyond the effective approach we here present.
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  • 27
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    Analysis of the Intermediate-State Contributions to Neutrinoless Double β− Decays (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Description: A comprehensive analysis of the structure of the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) of neutrinoless double beta-minus () decays to the ground and first excited states is performed in terms of the contributing multipole states in the intermediate nuclei of transitions. We concentrate on the transitions mediated by the light (l-NMEs) Majorana neutrinos. As nuclear model we use the proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation (pnQRPA) with a realistic two-nucleon interaction based on the Bonn one-boson-exchange matrix. In the computations we include the appropriate short-range correlations, nucleon form factors, and higher-order nucleonic weak currents and restore the isospin symmetry by the isoscalar-isovector decomposition of the particle-particle proton-neutron interaction parameter .
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  • 28
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    Thermodynamics of Acoustic Black Holes in Two Dimensions (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: It is well-known that the thermal Hawking-like radiation can be emitted from the acoustic horizon, but the thermodynamic-like understanding for acoustic black holes was rarely made. In this paper, we will show that the kinematic connection can lead to the dynamic connection at the horizon between the fluid and gravitational models in two dimensions, which implies that there exists the thermodynamic-like description for acoustic black holes. Then, we discuss the first law of thermodynamics for the acoustic black hole via an intriguing connection between the gravitational-like dynamics of the acoustic horizon and thermodynamics. We obtain a universal form for the entropy of acoustic black holes, which has an interpretation similar to the entropic gravity. We also discuss the specific heat and find that the derivative of the velocity of background fluid can be regarded as a novel acoustic analogue of the two-dimensional dilaton potential, which interprets why the two-dimensional fluid dynamics can be connected to the gravitational dynamics but it is difficult for four-dimensional case. In particular, when a constraint is added for the fluid, the analogue of a Schwarzschild black hole can be realized.
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  • 29
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    The Effects of Minimal Length, Maximal Momentum, and Minimal Momentum in Entropic Force (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: The modified entropic force law is studied by using a new kind of generalized uncertainty principle which contains a minimal length, a minimal momentum, and a maximal momentum. Firstly, the quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of a black hole are investigated. Then, according to Verlinde’s theory, the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) corrected entropic force is obtained. The result shows that the GUP corrected entropic force is related not only to the properties of the black holes but also to the Planck length and the dimensionless constants and . Moreover, based on the GUP corrected entropic force, we also derive the modified Einstein’s field equation (EFE) and the modified Friedmann equation.
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  • 30
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    Decays with Perturbative QCD Approach (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Description: Besides the traditional strong and electromagnetic decay modes, meson can also decay through the weak interactions within the standard model of elementary particle. With anticipation of copious data samples at the running LHC and coming SuperKEKB experiments, the two-body nonleptonic bottom-changing decays () are investigated with perturbative QCD approach firstly. The absolute branching ratios for and decays are estimated to reach up to about and , respectively, which might possibly be measured by the future experiments.
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    Supervariable Approach to the Nilpotent Symmetries for a Toy Model of the Hodge Theory (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-21
    Description: We exploit the standard techniques of the supervariable approach to derive the nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for a toy model of the Hodge theory (i.e., a rigid rotor) and provide the geometrical meaning and interpretation to them. Furthermore, we also derive the nilpotent (anti-)co-BRST symmetry transformations for this theory within the framework of the above supervariable approach. We capture the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariance of the Lagrangian of our present theory within the framework of augmented supervariable formalism. We also express the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST charges in terms of the supervariables (obtained after the application of the (dual-)horizontality conditions and (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariant restrictions) to provide the geometrical interpretations for their nilpotency and anticommutativity properties. The application of the dual-horizontality condition and ensuing proper (i.e., nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting) fermionic (anti-)co-BRST symmetries are completely novel results in our present investigation.
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    Effects of the FCNC Couplings in Production of New Heavy Quarks within Models at the LHC (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: We study the flavor changing neutral current couplings of new heavy quarks through the models at the LHC. We calculate the cross sections for the signal and the corresponding standard model background processes. Considering the present limits on the mass of new heavy quarks and the boson, we performed an analysis to investigate the parameter space (mixing and mass) through different models. For FCNC mixing parameter and the mass  GeV and new heavy quark mass  GeV at the LHC with  TeV, we find the cross section for single production of new heavy quarks associated with top quarks as  fb,  fb,  fb, and  fb within the , , , and models, respectively. It is shown that the sensitivity would benefit from the flavor tagging.
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    Comparative Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Heavy Ion Interactions at a Few GeV to a Few Hundred GeV (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-11
    Description: We have studied the multifractality of pion emission process in 16O-AgBr interactions at 2.1 AGeV  and  60 AGeV, 12C-AgBr  and  24Mg-AgBr interactions at 4.5 AGeV, and 32S-AgBr interactions at 200 AGeV using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) method which is capable of extracting the actual multifractal property filtering out the average trend of fluctuation. The analysis reveals that the pseudorapidity distribution of the shower particles is multifractal in nature for all the interactions; that is, pion production mechanism has inbuilt multiscale self-similarity property. We have employed MFDFA method for randomly generated events for 32S-AgBr interactions at 200 AGeV. Comparison of expt. results with those obtained from randomly generated data set reveals that the source of multifractality in our data is the presence of long range correlation. Comparing the results obtained from different interactions, it may be concluded that strength of multifractality decreases with projectile mass for the same projectile energy and for a particular projectile it increases with energy. The values of ordinary Hurst exponent suggest that there is long range correlation present in our data for all the interactions.
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    Thermodynamical Study of FRW Universe in Quasi-Topological Theory (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-11
    Description: By applying the unified first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon of FRW universe, we get the entropy relation for the apparent horizon in quasi-topological gravity theory. Throughout the paper, the results of considering the Hayward-Kodama and Cai-Kim temperatures are also addressed. Our study shows that whenever there is no energy exchange between the various parts of cosmos, we can get an expression for the apparent horizon entropy in quasi-topological gravity, which is in agreement with other attempts that followed different approaches. The effects of a mutual interaction between the various parts of cosmos on the apparent horizon entropy as well as the validity of second law of thermodynamics in quasi-topological gravity are perused.
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    Magnetic Hexadecapole Transitions and Neutrino-Nuclear Responses in Medium-Heavy Nuclei (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: Neutrino-nuclear responses in the form of squares of nuclear matrix elements, NMEs, are crucial for studies of neutrino-induced processes in nuclei. In this work we investigate magnetic hexadecapole (M4) NMEs in medium-heavy nuclei. The experimentally derived NMEs, (M4), deduced from observed M4 transition half-lives are compared with the single-quasiparticle (QP) NMEs, (M4), and the microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model (MQPM) NMEs (M4). The experimentally derived M4 NMEs are found to be reduced by a coefficient with respect to (M4) and by with respect to (M4). The M4 NMEs are reduced a little by the quasiparticle-phonon correlations of the MQPM wave functions but mainly by other nucleonic and nonnucleonic correlations which are not explicitly included in the MQPM. The found reduction rates are of the same order of magnitude as those for magnetic quadrupole transitions and Gamow-Teller (GT) and spin-dipole (SD) transitions. The impacts of the found reduction coefficients on the magnitudes of the NMEs involved in astroneutrino interactions and neutrinoless double beta decays are discussed.
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    Superspace Unitary Operator in Superfield Approach to Non-Abelian Gauge Theory with Dirac Fields (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Within the framework of augmented version of the superfield approach to Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism, we derive the superspace unitary operator (and its Hermitian conjugate) in the context of four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) interacting non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory with Dirac fields. The ordinary 4D non-Abelian theory, defined on the flat 4D Minkowski spacetime manifold, is generalized onto a (4, 2)-dimensional supermanifold which is parameterized by the spacetime bosonic coordinates (with ) and a pair of Grassmannian variables () which satisfy the standard relationships: and  . Various consequences of the application of the above superspace (SUSP) unitary operator (and its Hermitian conjugate) are discussed. In particular, we obtain the results of the application of horizontality condition (HC) and gauge-invariant restriction (GIR) in the language of the above SUSP operators. One of the novel results of our present investigation is the derivation of explicit expressions for the SUSP unitary operator (and its Hermitian conjugate) without imposing any Hermitian conjugation condition from outside on the parameters and (super)fields of the supersymmetric version of our 4D interacting non-Abelian 1-form theory with Dirac fields.
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    Aspects of Screening and Confinement in a Topologically Massive Chern-Simons-Higgs Theory (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-13
    Description: By using the gauge-invariant but path-dependent variables formalism, we consider a recently proposed topologically massive Chern-Simons-Higgs theory in dimensions. In particular, we inspect the impact of a Chern-Simons mixing term between two Abelian gauge fields on physical observables. We pursue our investigation by analyzing the model in two different situations. In the first case, where we integrate the massive excitation and consider an effective model for the massless field, we show that the interaction energy contains a linear term leading to the confinement of static charge probes along with a screening contribution. In the second situation, where the massless field can be exactly integrated with its constraint duly taken into account, the interesting feature is that the resulting effective model describes a purely screening phase, without any trace of a confining regime.
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    Lorentz Invariance Violation and Modified Hawking Fermions Tunneling Radiation (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Recently the modified Dirac equation with Lorentz invariance violation has been proposed, which would be helpful to resolve some issues in quantum gravity theory and high energy physics. In this paper, the modified Dirac equation has been generalized in curved spacetime, and then fermion tunneling of black holes is researched under this correctional Dirac field theory. We also use semiclassical approximation method to get correctional Hamilton-Jacobi equation, so that the correctional Hawking temperature and correctional black hole’s entropy are derived.
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    Do Small-Mass Neutrinos Participate in Gauge Transformations? (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Neutrino oscillation experiments presently suggest that neutrinos have a small but finite mass. If neutrinos have mass, there should be a Lorentz frame in which they can be brought to rest. This paper discusses how Wigner’s little groups can be used to distinguish between massive and massless particles. We derive a representation of the group which separates out the two sets of spinors: one set is gauge dependent and the other set is gauge invariant and represents polarized neutrinos. We show that a similar calculation can be done for the Dirac equation. In the large-momentum/zero-mass limit, the Dirac spinors can be separated into large and small components. The large components are gauge invariant, while the small components are not. These small components represent spin- non-zero-mass particles. If we renormalize the large components, these gauge invariant spinors represent the polarization of neutrinos. Massive neutrinos cannot be invariant under gauge transformations.
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    Charged Massive Particle’s Tunneling from Charged Nonrotating Microblack Hole (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-18
    Description: In the tunneling framework of Hawking radiation, charged massive particle’s tunneling in charged nonrotating TeV-scale black hole is investigated. To this end, we consider natural cutoffs as a minimal length, a minimal momentum, and a maximal momentum through a generalized uncertainty principle. We focus on the role played by these natural cutoffs on the luminosity of charged nonrotating microblack hole by taking into account the full implications of energy and charge conservation as well as the backscattered radiation.
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    Solution of Deformed Einstein Equations and Quantum Black Holes (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Recently, one- and two-parameter deformed Einstein equations have been studied for extremal quantum black holes which have been proposed to obey deformed statistics by Strominger. In this study, we give a deeper insight into the deformed Einstein equations and consider the solutions of these equations for the extremal quantum black holes. We then represent the implications of the solutions, such that the deformation parameters lead the charged black holes to have a smaller mass than the usual Reissner-Nordström black holes. This reduction in mass of a usual black hole can be considered as a transition from classical to quantum black hole regime.
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    High Order QCD Predictions for Inclusive Production of Bosons in Collisions at  TeV (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-20
    Description: Predictions of fiducial cross sections, differential cross sections, and lepton charge asymmetry are presented for the production of bosons with leptonic decay up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. Differential cross sections of bosons and boson lepton charge asymmetry are computed as a function of lepton pseudorapidity for a defined fiducial region in collisions at TeV. Numerical results of fiducial cross section predictions are presented with the latest modern PDF models at next-to-leading order (NLO) and NNLO. It is found that the CT14 and NNPDF 3.0 predictions with NNLO QCD corrections are about 4% higher than the NLO CT14 and NNPDF 3.0 predictions while MMHT 2014 predictions with NLO QCD corrections are smaller than its NNLO QCD predictions by approximately 6%. In addition, the NNLO QCD corrections reduce the scale variation uncertainty on the cross section by a factor of 3.5. The prediction of central values and considered uncertainties are obtained using FEWZ 3.1 program.
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    Standard and Nonstandard Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions Cross Sections and Event Rates to Neutrino Detection Experiments (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-14
    Description: In this work, we explore -nucleus processes from a nuclear theory point of view and obtain results with high confidence level based on accurate nuclear structure cross sections calculations. Besides cross sections, the present study includes simulated signals expected to be recorded by nuclear detectors and differential event rates as well as total number of events predicted to be measured. Our original cross sections calculations are focused on measurable rates for the standard model process, but we also perform calculations for various channels of the nonstandard neutrino-nucleus reactions and come out with promising results within the current upper limits of the corresponding exotic parameters. We concentrate on the possibility of detecting (i) supernova neutrinos by using massive detectors like those of the GERDA and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments and (ii) laboratory neutrinos produced near the spallation neutron source facilities (at Oak Ridge National Lab) by the COHERENT experiment. Our nuclear calculations take advantage of the relevant experimental sensitivity and employ the severe bounds extracted for the exotic parameters entering the Lagrangians of various particle physics models and specifically those resulting from the charged lepton flavour violating experiments (Mu2e and COMET experiments).
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    High Energy Neutrino Emission from Astrophysical Jets in the Galaxy (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: We address simulated neutrino emission originated from astrophysical jets of compact objects within the Galaxy. These neutrinos are of high energies ( of the order up to a few TeV) and for their observation specialized instruments are in operation, both on Earth and in orbit. Furthermore, some next generation telescopes and detector facilities are in the process of design and construction. The jet flow simulations are performed using the modern PLUTO hydrocode in its relativistic magnetohydrodynamic version. One of the main ingredients of the present work is the presence of a toroidal magnetic field that confines the jet flow and furthermore greatly affects the distribution of the high energy neutrinos.
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    HepSim: A Repository with Predictions for High-Energy Physics Experiments (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: A file repository for calculations of cross sections and kinematic distributions using Monte Carlo generators for high-energy collisions is discussed. The repository is used to facilitate effective preservation and archiving of data from theoretical calculations and for comparisons with experimental data. The HepSim data library is publicly accessible and includes a number of Monte Carlo event samples with Standard Model predictions for current and future experiments. The HepSim project includes a software package to automate the process of downloading and viewing online Monte Carlo event samples. Data streaming over a network for end-user analysis is discussed.
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    Null Geodesics and Strong Field Gravitational Lensing in a String Cloud Background (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: This paper is devoted to studying two interesting issues of a black hole with string cloud background. Firstly, we investigate null geodesics and find unstable orbital motion of particles. Secondly, we calculate deflection angle in strong field limit. We then find positions, magnifications, and observables of relativistic images for supermassive black hole at the galactic center. We conclude that string parameter highly affects the lensing process and results turn out to be quite different from the Schwarzschild black hole.
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    A CaMoO4 Crystal Low Temperature Detector for the AMoRE Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: We report the development of a CaMoO4 crystal low temperature detector for the AMoRE neutrinoless double beta decay search experiment. The prototype detector cell was composed of a 216 g CaMoO4 crystal and a metallic magnetic calorimeter. An overground measurement demonstrated FWHM resolution of 6–11 keV for full absorption gamma peaks. Pulse shape discrimination was clearly demonstrated in the phonon signals, and 7.6  of discrimination power was found for the and separation. The phonon signals showed rise-times of about 1 ms. It is expected that the relatively fast rise-time will increase the rejection efficiency of two-neutrino double beta decay pile-up events which can be one of the major background sources in searches.
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    Convoluted -Signals on 114Cd Isotope from Astrophysical and Laboratory Neutrino Sources (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: At first, we evaluate scattering cross sections of low, and intermediate-energy neutrinos scattered off the 114 Cd isotope, the most abundant Cd isotope present also in the COBRA detector (CdTe and CdZnTe materials) which aims to search for double beta decay events and neutrino observations at Gran Sasso laboratory (LNGS). The coherent -nucleus channel addressed here is the dominant reaction channel of the neutral current -nucleus scattering. Our -nucleus cross sections (calculated with a refinement of the quasiparticle random-phase approximation, QRPA) refer to the transitions for -energies  MeV. Subsequently, simulated -signals on 114 Cd isotope are derived. Towards this purpose, the required folded cross section comes out of simulation techniques by employing several low, and intermediate-energy neutrino distributions of the astrophysical -sources, like the solar, supernova, and Earth neutrinos, as well as the laboratory neutrinos, the reactor neutrinos, the pion-muon stopped neutrinos, and the β-beam neutrinos.
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    Asymmetric Velocity Distributions from Halo Density Profiles in the Eddington Approach (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-14
    Description: We show how to obtain the energy distribution f(E) in our vicinity starting from WIMP density profiles in a self-consistent way by employing the Eddington approach and adding reasonable angular momentum dependent terms in the expression of the energy. We then show how we can obtain the velocity dispersions and the asymmetry parameter β in terms of the parameters describing the angular momentum dependence. From this expression, for f(E), we proceed to construct an axially symmetric WIMP a velocity distribution, which, for a gravitationally bound system, automatically has a velocity upper bound and is characterized by the same asymmetriy β. This approach is tested and clarified by constructing analytic expressions in a simple model, with adequate structure. We then show how such velocity distributions can be used in determining the event rates, including modulation, in both the standard and the directional WIMP searches.
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    Electron Capture Cross Sections for Stellar Nucleosynthesis (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-14
    Description: In the first stage of this work, we perform detailed calculations for the cross sections of the electron capture on nuclei under laboratory conditions. Towards this aim we exploit the advantages of a refined version of the proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation (pn-QRPA) and carry out state-by-state evaluations of the rates of exclusive processes that lead to any of the accessible transitions within the chosen model space. In the second stage of our present study, we translate the abovementioned -capture cross sections to the stellar environment ones by inserting the temperature dependence through a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution describing the stellar electron gas. As a concrete nuclear target we use the 66Zn isotope, which belongs to the iron group nuclei and plays prominent role in stellar nucleosynthesis at core collapse supernovae environment.
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    Is the Free Vacuum Energy Infinite? (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-28
    Description: Considering the fundamental cutoff applied by the uncertainty relations’ limit on virtual particles’ frequency in the quantum vacuum, it is shown that the vacuum energy density is proportional to the inverse of the fourth power of the dimensional distance of the space under consideration and thus the corresponding vacuum energy automatically regularized to zero value for an infinitely large free space. This can be used in regularizing a number of unwanted infinities that happen in the Casimir effect, the cosmological constant problem, and so on without using already known mathematical (not so reasonable) techniques and tricks.
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    Global Properties in High Energy Collisions (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-27
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    QCD Thermodynamics and Magnetization in Nonzero Magnetic Field (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-05
    Description: In nonzero magnetic field, the magnetic properties and thermodynamics of the quantum-chromodynamic (QCD) matter are studied in the hadron resonance gas and the Polyakov linear-sigma models and compared with recent lattice calculations. Both models are fairly suited to describe the degrees of freedom in the hadronic phase. The partonic ones are only accessible by the second model. It is found that the QCD matter has paramagnetic properties, which monotonically depend on the temperature and are not affected by the hadron-quark phase transition. Furthermore, raising the magnetic field strength increases the thermodynamic quantities, especially in the hadronic phase, but reduces the critical temperature, that is, inverse magnetic catalysis.
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    Noncommutative Wormhole Solutions in Einstein Gauss-Bonnet Gravity (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-05
    Description: We explore static spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in the framework of -dimensional Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Our objective is to find out wormhole solutions that satisfy energy conditions. For this purpose, we consider two frameworks such as Gaussian distributed and Lorentzian distributed noncommutative geometry. Taking into account constant redshift function, we obtain solutions in the form of shape function. The fifth and sixth dimensional solutions with positive as well as negative Gauss-Bonnet coefficient are discussed. Also, we check the equilibrium condition for the wormhole solutions with the help of generalized Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation. It is interesting to mention here that we obtain fifth dimensional stable wormhole solutions in both distributions that satisfy the energy conditions.
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    Exact Analytical Solution of the -Dimensional Radial Schrödinger Equation with Pseudoharmonic Potential via Laplace Transform Approach (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: The second-order -dimensional Schrödinger equation with pseudoharmonic potential is reduced to a first-order differential equation by using the Laplace transform approach and exact bound state solutions are obtained using convolution theorem. Some special cases are verified and variations of energy eigenvalues as a function of dimension are furnished. To give an extra depth of this paper, the present approach is also briefly investigated for generalized Morse potential as an example.
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    On the Velocity of Moving Relativistic Unstable Quantum Systems (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: We study properties of moving relativistic quantum unstable systems. We show that in contrast to the properties of classical particles and quantum stable objects the velocity of freely moving relativistic quantum unstable systems cannot be constant in time. We show that this new quantum effect results from the fundamental principles of the quantum theory and physics: it is a consequence of the principle of conservation of energy and of the fact that the mass of the quantum unstable system is not defined. This effect can affect the form of the decay law of moving relativistic quantum unstable systems.
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    Stability of a Noncanonical Scalar Field Model during Cosmological Date (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-14
    Description: Using the noncanonical model of scalar field, the cosmological consequences of a pervasive, self-interacting, homogeneous, and rolling scalar field are studied. In this model, the scalar field potential is “nonlinear” and decreases in magnitude with increasing the value of the scalar field. A special solution of the nonlinear field equations of that has time dependency as fixed point is obtained. The fixed point relies on the noncanonical term of action and -parameter; this parameter appeared in energy density of scalar field redshift. By means of such fixed point the different eigenvalues of the equation of motion will be obtained. In different epochs in the evolution of the Universe for different values of and , the potentials as a function of scalar field are attained. The behavior of baryonic perturbations in linear perturbation scenario as a considerable amount of energy density of scalar field at low redshifts prevents the growth of perturbations in the ordinary matter fluid. The energy density in the scalar field is not appreciably perturbed by nonrelativistic gravitational fields, in either the radiation or matter dominant or scalar field dominated epoch.
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    Two-Phase Equilibrium Properties in Charged Topological Dilaton AdS Black Holes (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: We discuss phase transition of the charged topological dilaton AdS black holes by Maxwell equal area law. The two phases involved in the phase transition could coexist and we depict the coexistence region in diagrams. The two-phase equilibrium curves in diagrams are plotted, the Clapeyron equation for the black hole is derived, and the latent heat of isothermal phase transition is investigated. We also analyze the parameters of the black hole that could have an effect on the two-phase coexistence. The results show that the black holes may go through a small-large phase transition similar to that of a usual nongravity thermodynamic system.
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    Aharonov-Bohm Effect for Bound States on the Confinement of a Relativistic Scalar Particle to a Coulomb-Type Potential in Kaluza-Klein Theory (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-25
    Description: Based on the Kaluza-Klein theory, we study the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states for a relativistic scalar particle subject to a Coulomb-type potential. We introduce this scalar potential as a modification of the mass term of the Klein-Gordon equation, and a magnetic flux through the line element of the Minkowski spacetime in five dimensions. Then, we obtain the relativistic bound states solutions and calculate the persistent currents.
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    Criticality of Conformal Anomaly Corrected AdS Black Holes (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-29
    Description: The effects of conformal anomaly on the thermodynamics of black holes are investigated in this paper from the perspective of criticality of AdS black holes. Treating the cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure, we extend the recent research to the extended phase space. Firstly, we study the - criticality of the uncharged AdS black holes with conformal anomaly and find that conformal anomaly does not influence whether there exists Van der Waals like critical behavior. Secondly, we investigate the - criticality of the charged cases and find that conformal anomaly influences not only the critical physical quantities but also the ratio . The ratio is no longer a constant as before but a function of conformal anomaly parameter . We also show that the conformal parameter should satisfy a certain range to guarantee the existence of critical point that has physical meaning. Our results show the effects of conformal anomaly.
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    Dynamics of Mixed Dark Energy Domination in Teleparallel Gravity and Phase-Space Analysis (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: We consider a novel dark energy model to investigate whether it will provide an expanding universe phase. Here we propose a mixed dark energy domination which is constituted by tachyon, quintessence, and phantom scalar fields nonminimally coupled to gravity, in the absence of background dark matter and baryonic matter, in the framework of teleparallel gravity. We perform the phase-space analysis of the model by numerical methods and find the late-time accelerated attractor solutions implying the acceleration phase of universe.
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    The Antineutrino Energy Structure in Reactor Experiments (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: The recent observation of an energy structure in the reactor antineutrino spectrum is reviewed. The reactor experiments Daya Bay, Double Chooz, and RENO have reported a consistent excess of antineutrinos deviating from the flux predictions, with a local significance of about 4 between 4 and 6 MeV of the positron energy spectrum. The possible causes of the structure are analyzed in this work, along with the different experimental approaches developed to identify its origin. Considering the available data and results from the three experiments, the most likely explanation concerns the reactor flux predictions and the associated uncertainties. Therefore, the different current models are described and compared. The possible sources of incompleteness or inaccuracy of such models are discussed, as well as the experimental data required to improve their precision.
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    The Mixed Phase of Charged AdS Black Holes (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: We study the mixed phase of charged AdS black hole and radiation when the total energy is fixed below the threshold to produce a stable charged black hole branch. The coexistence conditions for the charged AdS black hole and radiation are derived for the generic case when radiation particles carry charge. The phase diagram of the mixed phase is demonstrated for both fixed potential and charge ensemble. In the dual gauge picture, they correspond to the mixed phase of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and hadron gas in the fixed chemical potential and density ensemble, respectively. In the nuclei and heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies, the mixed phase of exotic QGP and hadron gas could be produced. The mixed phase will condense and evaporate into the hadron gas as the fireball expands.
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    Atmospheric Muon Charge Ratio Analysis at the INO-ICAL Detector (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The proposed Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at Indian Neutrino Observatory (INO) will be a large (50 kt) magnetized detector located 1270 m underground at Bodi West Hills in Tamilnadu. ICAL is capable of identifying the charge of the particles. In this paper its potential for the measurement of the muon charge ratio is explored by means of a detailed simulation-based study, first using the CORSIKA code and then comparing it with an analytical model (the pika model). The simulated muon charge ratio is in agreement with the existing experimental observations; its measure can be extended by INO-ICAL up to 10.50 TeV and up to 60 degrees.
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    Symmergent Gravity, Seesawic New Physics, and Their Experimental Signatures (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The standard model of elementary particles (SM) suffers from various problems, such as power-law ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity, exclusion of general relativity (GR), and absence of a dark matter candidate. The LHC experiments, according to which the TeV domain appears to be empty of new particles, started sidelining TeV-scale SUSY and other known cures of the UV sensitivity. In search for a remedy, in this work, it is revealed that affine curvature can emerge in a way restoring gauge symmetries explicitly broken by the UV cutoff. This emergent curvature cures the UV sensitivity and incorporates GR as symmetry-restoring emergent gravity (symmergent gravity, in brief) if a new physics sector (NP) exists to generate the Planck scale and if SM+NP is Fermi-Bose balanced. This setup, carrying fingerprints of trans-Planckian SUSY, predicts that gravity is Einstein (no higher-curvature terms), cosmic/gamma rays can originate from heavy NP scalars, and the UV cutoff might take right value to suppress the cosmological constant (alleviating fine-tuning with SUSY). The NP does not have to couple to the SM. In fact, NP-SM coupling can take any value from zero to if the SM is not to jump from to the NP scale . The zero coupling, certifying an undetectable NP, agrees with all the collider and dark matter bounds at present. The seesawic bound , directly verifiable at colliders, implies that (i) dark matter must have a mass , (ii) Higgs-curvature coupling must be , (iii) the SM RGEs must remain nearly as in the SM, and (iv) right-handed neutrinos must have a mass . These signatures serve as a concise testbed for symmergence.
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    EM Duality and Quasinormal Modes from Higher Derivatives with Homogeneous Disorder (2019)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: We study the electromagnetic (EM) duality from derivative theory with homogeneous disorder. We find that, with the change of the sign of the coupling parameter of the derivative theory, the particle-vortex duality with homogeneous disorder holds better than that without homogeneous disorder. The properties of quasinormal modes (QNMs) of this system are also explored. When the homogeneous disorder is introduced, some modes emerge at the imaginary frequency axis for negative but not for positive . In particular, with an increase in the magnitude of , new branch cuts emerge for positive . These emerging modes violate the duality related to the change of the sign of . With the increase of , this duality is getting violated more.
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    Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering as a Precision Test for the Standard Model and Beyond: The COHERENT Proposal Case (2019)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Several experimental proposals expect to confirm the recent measurement of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). Motivated in particular by the next generation experiments of the COHERENT collaboration, we study their sensitivity to different tests of the Standard Model and beyond. We analyze the resolution that can be achieved by each future proposed detector in the measurement of the weak mixing angle; we also perform a similar analysis in the context of Nonstandard Interaction (NSI) and in the case of oscillations into a sterile neutrino state. We show that future perspectives are interesting for these types of new physics searches.
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    Implications of Gravitational Particle Creation (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
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    Equation of States and Charmonium Suppression in Heavy-Ion Collisions (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The present article is the follow-up of our work Bottomonium suppression in quasi-particle model, where we have extended the study for charmonium states using quasi-particle model in terms of quasi-gluons and quasi quarks/antiquarks as an equation of state. By employing medium modification to a heavy quark potential thermodynamic observables, viz., pressure, energy density, speed of sound, etc. have been calculated which nicely fit with the lattice equation of state for gluon, massless, and as well massive flavored plasma. For obtaining the thermodynamic observables we employed the debye mass in the quasi particle picture. We extended the quasi-particle model to calculate charmonium suppression in an expanding, dissipative strongly interacting QGP medium (SIQGP). We obtained the suppression pattern for charmonium states with respect to the number of participants at mid-rapidity and compared it with the experimental data (CMS JHEP) and (CMS PAS) at LHC energy (Pb+Pb collisions, = TeV).
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    Simulations of Gamma-Ray Emission from Magnetized Microquasar Jets (2018)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: In this work, we simulate -rays created in the hadronic jets of the compact object in binary stellar systems known as microquasars. We utilize as the main computational tool the D relativistic magnetohydrodynamical code PLUTO combined with in-house derived codes. Our simulated experiments refer to the SS433 X-ray binary, a stellar system in which hadronic jets have been observed. We examine two new model configurations that employ hadron-based emission mechanisms. The simulations aim to explore the dependence of the -ray emissions on the dynamical as well as the radiative properties of the jet (hydrodynamic parameters of the mass-flow density, gas-pressure, temperature of the ejected matter, high energy proton population inside the jet plasma, etc.). The results of the two new scenarios of initial conditions for the microquasar stellar system studied are compared to those of previously considered scenarios.
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    Remark on Remnant and Residue Entropy with GUP (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: In this article, close to the Planck scale, we discuss the remnant and residue entropy from a Rutz-Schwarzschild black hole in the frame of Finsler geometry. Employing the corrected Hamilton-Jacobi equation, the tunneling radiation of a scalar particle is presented, and the revised tunneling temperature and revised entropy are also found. Taking into account generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we analyze the remnant stability and residue entropy based on thermodynamic phase transition. In addition, the effects of the Finsler perturbation parameter, GUP parameter, and angular momentum parameter on remnant and residual entropy are also discussed.
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    Models of Anisotropic Self-Gravitating Source in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity (2018)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: In this paper, we have studied gravitational collapse and expansion of nonstatic anisotropic fluid in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. For this purpose, the field equations have been modeled and evaluated for the given source and geometry. The two metric functions have been expressed in terms of parametric form of third metric function. We have examined the range of parameter (appearing in the form of metric functions) for which , the expansion scalar, becoming positive/negative leads to expansion/collapse of the source. The trapped surface condition has been explored by using definition of Misner-Sharp mass and auxiliary solutions. The auxiliary solutions of the field equations involve a single function that generates two types of anisotropic solutions. Each solution can be represented in term of arbitrary function of time; this function has been chosen arbitrarily to fit the different astrophysical time profiles. The existing solutions forecast gravitational expansion and collapse depending on the choice of initial data. In this case, wall to wall collapse of spherical source has been investigated. The dynamics of the spherical source have been observed graphically with the effects of Gauss-Bonnet coupling term in the case of collapse and expansion. The energy conditions are satisfied for the specific values of parameters in both solutions; this implies that the solutions are physically acceptable.
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    A Covariant Canonical Quantization of General Relativity (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: A Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity within the context of the Nexus Paradigm of quantum gravity is presented. We show that the Ricci flow in a compact matter free manifold serves as the Hamiltonian density of the vacuum as well as a time evolution operator for the vacuum energy density. The metric tensor of GR is expressed in terms of the Bloch energy eigenstate functions of the quantum vacuum allowing an interpretation of GR in terms of the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics.
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    First Order Framework for Gauge k-Vortices (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: We study vortices in generalized Maxwell-Higgs models, with the inclusion of a quadratic kinetic term with the covariant derivative of the scalar field in the Lagrangian density. We discuss the stressless condition and show that the presence of analytical solutions helps us to define the model compatible with the existence of first order equations. A method to decouple the first order equations and to construct the model is then introduced and, as a bonus, we get the energy depending exclusively on a function of the fields calculated from the boundary conditions. We investigate some specific possibilities and find, in particular, a compact vortex configuration in which the energy density is all concentrated in a unit circle.
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    Dark Matter in the Standard Model Extension with Singlet Quark (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: We analyze the possibility of hadron Dark Matter carriers consisting of singlet quark and the light standard one. It is shown that stable singlet quarks generate effects of new physics which do not contradict restrictions from precision electroweak data. The neutral and charged pseudoscalar low-lying states are interpreted as the Dark Matter particle and its mass-degenerated partner. We evaluate their masses and lifetime of the charged component and describe the potential asymptotes of low-energy interactions of these particles with nucleons and with each other. Some peculiarities of Sommerfeld enhancement effect in the annihilation process are also discussed.
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    Inflation in Gravity with Exponential Model (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: We are taking action of gravity with a nonminimal coupling to a massive inflaton field. A model is chosen which leads to the scalar-tensor theory which can be transformed to Einstein frame by conformal transformation. To avoid the vagueness of the frame dependence, we evaluate the exact analytical solutions for inflationary era in Jordan frame and find a condition for graceful exit from inflation. Furthermore, we calculate the perturbed parameters (i.e., number of e-folds, slow-roll parameters, scalar and tensor power spectra, corresponding spectral indices, and tensor to scalar ratio). It is showed that the tensor power spectra lead to blue tilt for this model. The trajectories of the perturbed parameters are plotted to compare the results with recent observations.
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    Thermodynamics of Charged AdS Black Holes in Rainbow Gravity (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: In this paper, the thermodynamic property of charged AdS black holes is studied in rainbow gravity. By the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the modified dispersion relation, we obtain deformed temperature. Moreover, in rainbow gravity we calculate the heat capacity in a fixed charge and discuss the thermal stability. We also obtain a similar behaviour with the liquid-gas system in extending phase space (including and ) and study its critical behavior with the pressure given by the cosmological constant and with a fixed black hole charge . Furthermore, we study the Gibbs function and find its characteristic swallow tail behavior, which indicates the phase transition. We also find that there is a special value about the mass of test particle which would lead the black hole to zero temperature and a diverging heat capacity with a fixed charge.
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    New Physics Landmarks: Dark Matter and Neutrino Masses (2018)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2018
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    Bound State of Heavy Quarks Using a General Polynomial Potential (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: In the present work, the mass spectra of the bound states of heavy quarks , and meson are studied within the framework of the nonrelativistic Schrödinger’s equation. First, we solve Schrödinger’s equation with a general polynomial potential by Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. The energy eigenvalues for any L- value is presented for a special case of the potential. The results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data and are better than previous theoretical studies.
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    Impact of Cosmic-Ray Physics on Dark Matter Indirect Searches (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The quest for the elusive dark matter (DM) that permeates the Universe (and in general the search for signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model at astronomical scales) provides a unique opportunity and a tough challenge to the high energy astrophysics community. In particular, the so-called DM indirect searches—mostly focused on a class of theoretically well-motivated DM candidates such as the weakly interacting massive particles—are affected by a complex astrophysical background of cosmic radiation. The understanding and modeling of such background require a deep comprehension of an intricate classical plasma physics problem, i.e., the interaction between high energy charged particles, accelerated in peculiar astrophysical environments, and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the interstellar medium of our galaxy. In this review we highlight several aspects of this exciting interplay between the most recent claims of DM annihilation/decay signatures from the sky and the galactic cosmic-ray research field. Our purpose is to further stimulate the debate about viable astrophysical explanations, discussing possible directions that would help breaking degeneracy patterns in the interpretation of current data. We eventually aim to emphasize how a deep knowledge on the physics of CR transport is therefore required to tackle the DM indirect search program at present and in the forthcoming years.
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    Simplified Dark Matter Models (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: I review the construction of simplified models for dark matter searches. After discussing the philosophy and some simple examples, I turn the attention to the aspect of the theoretical consistency and to the implications of the necessary extensions of these models.
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    Feasibility Study of the Time Reversal Symmetry Tests in Decay of Metastable Positronium Atoms with the J-PET Detector (2018)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: This article reports on the feasibility of testing of the symmetry under reversal in time in a purely leptonic system constituted by positronium atoms using the J-PET detector. The present state of symmetry tests is discussed with an emphasis on the scarcely explored sector of leptonic systems. Two possible strategies of searching for manifestations of violation in nonvanishing angular correlations of final state observables in the decay of metastable triplet states of positronium available with J-PET are proposed and discussed. Results of a pilot measurement with J-PET and assessment of its performance in reconstruction of three-photon decays are shown along with an analysis of its impact on the sensitivity of the detector for the determination of -violation sensitive observables.
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    Perspectives on Decay and Time Evolution of Metastable States: From Particle Physics to Cosmology (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
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    Phase Transition of RN-AdS Black Hole with Fixed Electric Charge and Topological Charge (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Phase transition of RN-AdS black hole is investigated from a new perspective. Not only is the cosmological constant treated as pressure but also the spatial curvature of black hole is treated as topological charge . We obtain the extended thermodynamic first law from which the mass is naturally viewed as enthalpy rather than internal energy. In canonical ensemble with fixed topological charge and electric charge , interesting van der Waals like oscillatory behavior in and graphs and swallow tail behavior in and graphs is observed. By applying the Maxwell equal area law and analysing the Gibbs free energy, we obtain analytical phase transition coexistence curves which are consistent with each other. The phase diagram is four dimensional with .
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    Transverse Momentum Dependence in Double Parton Scattering (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In this review, we describe the status of transverse momentum dependence (TMD) in double parton scattering (DPS). The different regions of TMD DPS are discussed, and expressions are given for the DPS cross section contributions that make use of as much perturbative information as possible. The regions are then combined with each other as well as single parton scattering to obtain a complete expression for the cross section. Particular emphasis is put on the differences and similarities to transverse momentum dependence in single parton scattering. We further discuss the status of the factorisation proof for double colour singlet production in DPS, which is now on a similar footing to the proofs for TMD factorisation in single Drell-Yan, discuss parton correlations, and give an outlook on possible research on DPS in the near future.
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    Phantom-Like Behavior in Modified Teleparallel Gravity (2019)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The recent data from Planck2018 shows that the equation of state parameter of effective cosmic fluid today is . This indicates that it is possible for the universe to be in a phantom dominated era today. While a phantom field is essentially capable of explaining this observation, it suffers from some serious problems such as instabilities and violation of the null energy condition. So, it would be interesting to realize this effective phantom behavior without adopting a phantom field. In this paper, we study possible realization of an effective phantom behavior in modified teleparallel gravity. We show that modified teleparallel gravity is able essentially to realize an effective phantom-like behavior in the absence of a phantom field. For this purpose, we choose some observationally viable functions and prove that there are some subspaces of the models parameter space capable of realizing a phantom-like behavior without adopting a phantom field.
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    Production of Kaon and in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at Ultrarelativistic Energy from a Blast-Wave Model (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-15
    Description: The particle production of Kaon and is studied in nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energy based on a chemical equilibrium blast-wave model. The transverse momentum spectra of Kaon and at the kinetic freeze-out stage from our model are in good agreement with the experimental results. The kinetic freeze-out parameters of temperature and radial flow parameter are presented for the FOPI, RHIC, and LHC energies. And the resonance decay effect is also discussed. The systematic study for beam energy dependence of the strangeness particle production will help us to better understand the properties of the matter created in heavy-ion collisions at the kinetic freeze-out stage.
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    On Productions of Net-Baryons in Central Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-30
    Description: The transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of net-baryons (baryons minus antibaryons) produced in central gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV are analyzed in the framework of a multisource thermal model. Each source in the model is described by the Tsallis statistics to extract the effective temperature and entropy index from the transverse momentum distribution. The two parameters are used as input to describe the rapidity distribution and to extract the rapidity shift and contribution ratio. Then, the four types of parameters are used to structure some scatter plots of the considered particles in some three-dimensional (3D) spaces at the stage of kinetic freeze-out, which are expected to show different characteristics for different particles and processes. The related methodology can be used in the analyses of particle production and event holography, which are useful for us to better understand the interacting mechanisms.
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    Vacuum Condensate, Geometric Phase, Unruh Effect, and Temperature Measurement (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: In our previous work the possibility to use the Aharonov-Anandan invariant as a tool in the analysis of disparate systems has been shown, including Hawking and Unruh effects, as well as graphene physics and thermal states. We show that the vacuum condensation, characterizing such systems, is also related with geometric phases and we analyze the properties of the geometric phase of systems represented by mixed state and undergoing a nonunitary evolution. In particular, we consider two-level atoms accelerated by an external potential and interacting with a thermal state. We propose the realization of Mach-Zehnder interferometers which can prove the existence of the Unruh effect and can allow very precise measurements of temperature.
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    Energy Conditions of Built-In Inflation Models in Gravitational Theories (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-17
    Description: We examine the validity of energy conditions of built-in inflation models in gravitational theories. For this purpose, we formulate the inequalities of energy conditions by assuming the flat and nonflat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. We find the feasible constraints on the constants of integration and evaluate their possible ranges graphically for the consistency of these energy conditions for flat, closed, and open universes. We constrain the constants of integration for flat space-time from the inflation epoch while the closed and open universe constants are constrained from late universe.
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    Self-Regular Black Holes Quantized by means of an Analogue to Hydrogen Atoms (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-05
    Description: We suggest a quantum black hole model that is based on an analogue to hydrogen atoms. A self-regular Schwarzschild-AdS black hole is investigated, where the mass density of the extreme black hole is given by the probability density of the ground state of hydrogen atoms and the mass densities of nonextreme black holes are given by the probability densities of excited states with no angular momenta. Such an analogue is inclined to adopt quantization of black hole horizons. In this way, the total mass of black holes is quantized. Furthermore, the quantum hoop conjecture and the Correspondence Principle are discussed.
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    Fermions Tunneling from Higher-Dimensional Reissner-Nordström Black Hole: Semiclassical and Beyond Semiclassical Approximation (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-15
    Description: Based on semiclassical tunneling method, we focus on charged fermions tunneling from higher-dimensional Reissner-Nordström black hole. We first simplify the Dirac equation by semiclassical approximation, and then a semiclassical Hamilton-Jacobi equation is obtained. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we study the Hawking temperature and fermions tunneling rate at the event horizon of the higher-dimensional Reissner-Nordström black hole space-time. Finally, the correct entropy is calculation by the method beyond semiclassical approximation.
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    Tachyon Warm Intermediate and Logamediate Inflation in the Brane World Model in the Light of Planck Data (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: Tachyon inflationary universe model on the brane in the context of warm inflation is studied. In slow-roll approximation and in longitudinal gauge, we find the primordial perturbation spectrums for this scenario. We also present the general expressions of the tensor-scalar ratio, scalar spectral index, and its running. We develop our model by using exponential potential; the characteristics of this model are calculated in great detail. We also study our model in the context of intermediate (where scale factor expands as ) and logamediate (where the scale factor expands as ) models of inflation. In these two sectors, dissipative parameter is considered as a constant parameter and a function of tachyon field. Our model is compatible with observational data. The parameters of the model are restricted by Planck data.
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    Study of Void Probability Scaling of Singly Charged Particles Produced in Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collision in Fractal Scenario (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-19
    Description: We study the fractality of void probability distribution measured in -Ag/Br interaction at an incident energy of 200 GeV per nucleon. A radically different and rigorous method called Visibility Graph analysis is used. This method is shown to reveal a strong scaling character of void probability distribution in all pseudorapidity regions. The scaling exponent, called the Power of the Scale-Freeness in Visibility Graph (PSVG), a quantitative parameter related to Hurst exponent, is strongly found to be dependent on the rapidity window size.
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    Comment on “Does the Equivalence between Gravitational Mass and Energy Survive for a Composite Quantum Body?” (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-29
    Description: Lebed has given an argument that when a hydrogen atom is transported slowly to a different gravitational potential, it has a certain probability of emitting a photon. He proposes a space-based experiment to detect this effect. I show here that his arguments also imply the existence of nuclear excitations, as well as an effect due to the earth’s motion in the sun’s potential. This is not consistent with previous results from underground radiation detectors. It is also in conflict with astronomical observations.
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    On a Neutral Particle with a Magnetic Quadrupole Moment in a Uniform Effective Magnetic Field (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-29
    Description: Quantum effects on a Landau-type system associated with a moving atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment subject to confining potentials are analysed. It is shown that the spectrum of energy of the Landau-type system can be modified, where the degeneracy of the energy levels can be broken. In three particular cases, it is shown that the analogue of the cyclotron frequency is modified, and the possible values of this angular frequency of the system are determined by the quantum numbers associated with the radial modes and the angular momentum and by the parameters associated with confining potentials in order that bound states solutions can be achieved.
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    On the Study of Oscillons in Scalar Field Theories: A New Approach (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: We study configurations in one-dimensional scalar field theory, which are time-dependent, localized in space, and extremely long-lived, called oscillons. How the action of changing the minimum value of the field configuration representing the oscillon affects its behavior is investigated. We find that one of the consequences of this procedure is the appearance of a pair of oscillon-like structures presenting different amplitudes and frequencies of oscillation. We also compare our analytical results to numerical ones, showing excellent agreement.
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    Generalized Solutions of the Dirac Equation, Bosons, and Beta Decay (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-11
    Description: We study the Hagen-Hurley equations describing spin 1 particles. We split these equations, in the interacting case, into two Dirac equations with nonstandard solutions. It is argued that these solutions describe decay of a virtual boson in beta decay.
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    Matter Localization on Brane-Worlds Generated by Deformed Defects (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-08
    Description: Localization and mass spectrum of bosonic and fermionic matter fields of some novel families of asymmetric thick brane configurations generated by deformed defects are investigated. The localization profiles of spin 0, spin 1/2, and spin 1 bulk fields are identified for novel matter field potentials supported by thick branes with internal structures. The condition for localization is constrained by the brane thickness of each model such that thickest branes strongly induce matter localization. The bulk mass terms for both fermion and boson fields are included in the global action as to produce some imprints on mass-independent potentials of the Kaluza-Klein modes associated with the corresponding Schrödinger equations. In particular, for spin 1/2 fermions, a complete analytical profile of localization is obtained for the four classes of superpotentials here discussed. Regarding the localization of fermion fields, our overall conclusion indicates that thick branes produce a left-right asymmetric chiral localization of spin 1/2 particles.
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    Analysis of Decay in Scalar Leptoquark Model (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-19
    Description: We analyze the baryonic semilepton decay in the scalar leptoquark models with and states, respectively. We also discuss the effects of these two NP models on some physical observables. For some measured observables, like the differential decay width, the longitudinal polarization of the dilepton system, the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry, and the baryon-side forward-backward asymmetry, we find that the prediction values of SM are consistent with the current data in most ranges, where the prediction values of these two NP models can also keep consistent with the current data with . However, in some ranges, the prediction values of SM are difficult to meet the current data, but the contributions of these two NP models can meet them or keep close to them. For the double-lepton polarization asymmetries, , , , and are sensitive to the scalar leptoquark model but not to . However, , , , and are not sensitive to these two NP models.
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