ALBERT

Description: We investigate numerically fR gravity effects on certain AdS/CFT tools including holographic entanglement entropy and two-point correlation functions for a charged single accelerated Anti-de Sitter black hole in four dimensions. We find that both holographic entanglement entropy and two-point correlation functions decrease by increasing the acceleration parameter A, matching perfectly with literature. Taking into account the fR gravity parameter η, the decreasing scheme of the holographic quantities persist. However, we observe a transition-like point where the behavior of the holographic tools changes. Two regions meeting at such a transit-like point are shown up. In such a nomination, the first one is associated with slow accelerating black holes while the second one corresponds to a fast accelerating solution. In the first region, the holographic entanglement entropy and two-point correlation functions decrease by increasing the η parameter. However, the behavioral situation is reversed in the second one. Moreover, a cross-comparison between the entropy and the holographic entanglement entropy is presented, providing another counterexample showing that such two quantities do not exhibit similar behaviors.

Description: In this paper, we solve a generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator in the cosmic string space-time with a scalar potential of Cornell-type within the Kaluza-Klein theory and obtain the relativistic energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. We extend this analysis by replacing the Cornell-type with Coulomb-type potential in the magnetic cosmic string space-time and analyze a relativistic analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states.

Description: In order to study the detailed dynamics and associated nonperturbative features of QCD, a dual version of the color gauge theory based on a topologically viable homogeneous fibre bundle approach has been analysed taking into account its magnetic symmetry structure. In the dynamically broken phase of magnetic symmetry, the associated flux tube structure on a S2 sphere in the magnetically condensed state of the dual QCD vacuum has been analyzed for the profiles of the color electric field using flux quantization and stability conditions. The color electric field has its intimate association with the vector mode of the magnetically condensed QCD vacuum, and such field configurations have been analyzed to show that the color electric flux gets localized towards the poles for a large sphere case while it gets uniformly distributed for the small sphere case in the infrared sector of QCD. The critical flux tube densities have been computed for various couplings and are shown to be in agreement with that for lead-ion central collisions in the near infrared sector of QCD. The possible annihilation/unification of flux tubes under some typical flux tube density and temperature conditions in the magnetic symmetry broken phase of QCD has also been analyzed and shown to play an important role in the process of QGP formation. The thermal variation of the profiles of the color electic field is further investigated which indicates the survival of flux tubes even in the thermal domain that leads the possibility of the formation of some exotic states like QGP in the intermediate regime during the quark-hadron phase transition.

Description: I investigate a class of models with scalar and pseudoscalar solutions to the g−2 anomaly for both the muon and the electron over the mass range of perturbativity (mϕ≲50 GeV), with Yukawa couplings proportional to the lepton’s mass. In particular, I investigate the constraints from BaBar, beam dump experiments, Z decay measured quantities, LEP mono-γ searches, ee⟶ττγ searches, and solar and horizontal branch (HB) star bounds. For a pseudoscalar, I find that no region in the parameter space can simultaneously provide a solution for both the electron and the muon anomalies while maintaining the required form of the couplings, and therefore, the pseudoscalar solution is disfavored. On the other hand, I find for the scalar case that there is an open window above ~30 MeV in the allowed region, but with significant tension with experiment for the region mϕ≳10 GeV. In addition, there is a smaller window between ~350 KeV and 1 MeV that is not ruled out by cosmological observations. Part of the first open window is expected to be covered by the proposed NA64 experiment. Similar analysis can be readily applied to other proposed solutions to the anomaly, such as solutions with Z′ or with the dark photon.

Description: In this article, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multiconfiguration gas-turbines are used to predict the optimal gas-turbine operating parameters. The principle formulations of gas-turbine configurations with various operating conditions are introduced in detail. The effects of different parameters have been analyzed to select the optimum gas-turbine configuration. The adopted ANFIS model has five inputs, namely, isentropic turbine efficiency (Teff), isentropic compressor efficiency (Ceff), ambient temperature (T1), pressure ratio (rp), and turbine inlet temperature (TIT), as well as three outputs, fuel consumption, power output, and thermal efficiency. Both actual reported information, from Baiji Gas-Turbines of Iraq, and simulated data were utilized with the ANFIS model. The results show that, at an isentropic compressor efficiency of 100% and turbine inlet temperature of 1900 K, the peak thermal efficiency amounts to 63% and 375 MW of power resulted, which was the peak value of the power output. Furthermore, at an isentropic compressor efficiency of 100% and a pressure ratio of 30, a peak specific fuel consumption amount of 0.033 kg/kWh was obtained. The predicted results reveal that the proposed model determines the operating conditions that strongly influence the performance of the gas-turbine. In addition, the predicted results of the simulated regenerative gas-turbine (RGT) and ANFIS model were satisfactory compared to that of the foregoing Baiji Gas-Turbines.

Description: In the past, Kundu et al. and Chakraborty et al. used extra scalar fields to cancel the quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass squared and they determined the mass of the required scalar field. In this work, a spin-3/2 particle has been used in the same manner to nullify the power-law divergences, and it is determined that the mass of the spin-3/2 particle resides in the ball park of the GUT scale.

Description: We investigate the vacuum instability in the presence of dilaton field in a holographic setup. Although the dilaton is a bulk field, it leads to the vacuum instability on the boundary. We show that the whole process crucially depends on the probe brane position and as well on the radial coordinate so that the effects of dilaton scale parameter in different regions of the bulk or for different probe brane positions are different. We also observe that in our study, the temperature can strengthen the effect of scale parameter in reducing the potential barrier. Finally, we show that this Schwinger-like effect, although is interesting by itself, does not produce a considerable pair production rate.

Description: The yield ratios of negatively to positively charged pions (), negatively to positively charged kaons (), and anti-protons to protons () produced in mid-rapidity interval in central gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions, central lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions, and inelastic (INEL) or non-single-diffractive (NSD) proton-proton () collisions, as well as in forward rapidity region in INEL collisions are analyzed in the present work. Over an energy range from a few GeV to above 10 TeV, the chemical potentials of light flavor particles (pion, kaon, and proton) and quarks (up, down, and strange quarks) are extracted from the mentioned yield ratios in which the contributions of strong decay from high-mass resonance and weak decay from heavy flavor hadrons are removed. Most energy dependent chemical potentials show the maximum at about 4 GeV, while the energy dependent yield ratios do not show such an extremum.

Description: As one of the possible signals for the whereabouts of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram, recently, the multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions have aroused much attention. It is a crucial observation of the Beam Energy Scan program of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In this work, we investigate the centrality dependence of the multiplicity fluctuations regarding the recent measurements from STAR Collaboration. By employing a hydrodynamical approach, the present study is dedicated to the noncritical aspects of the phenomenon. To be specific, in addition to the thermal fluctuations, finite volume corrections, and resonance decay at the freeze-out surface, the model is focused on the properties of the hydrodynamic expansion of the system and the event-by-event initial fluctuations. It is understood that the real signal of the critical point can only be obtained after appropriately subtracting the background; the latter is investigated in the present work. Besides the experimental data, our results are also compared to those of the hadronic resonance gas, as well as the transport models.

Description: It was first observed at the end of the last century that the universe is presently accelerating. Ever since, there have been several attempts to explain this observation theoretically. There are two possible approaches. The more conventional one is to modify the matter part of the Einstein field equations, and the second one is to modify the geometry part. We shall consider two phenomenological models based on the former, more conventional approach within the context of general relativity. The phenomenological models in this paper consider a term firstly a function of and secondly a function of , where and are the scale factor and matter energy density, respectively. Constraining the free parameters of the models with the latest observational data gives satisfactory values of parameters as considered by us initially. Without any field theoretic interpretation, we explain the recent observations with a dynamical cosmological constant.

Description: Through the collision-system configuration, the Tsallis statistics is combined with a multisource thermal model. The improved model is used to investigate the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of particles produced in Xe–Xe collisions at  TeV. We discuss detailedly the thermodynamic properties, which are taken from the transverse momentum distributions of ,, and for different centralities. The pseudorapidity spectra of charged particles for different centralities are described consistently in the model. And, the model result can estimate intuitively the longitudinal configuration of the collision system.

Description: The deformed Dirac equation invariant under the -Poincaré-Hopf quantum algebra in the context of minimal and scalar couplings under spin and pseudospin symmetry limits is considered. The -deformed Pauli-Dirac Hamiltonian allows us to study effects of quantum deformation in a class of physical systems, such as a Zeeman-like effect, Aharonov-Bohm effect, and an anomalous-like contribution to the electron magnetic moment, between others. In our analysis, we consider the motion of an electron in a uniform magnetic field and interacting with (i) a planar harmonic oscillator and (ii) a linear potential. We verify that the particular choice of a linear potential induces a Coulomb-type term in the equation of motion. Expressions for the energy eigenvalues and wave functions are determined taking into account both symmetry limits. We verify that the energies and wave functions of the particle are modified by the deformation parameter as well as by the element of spin.

Description: By using the method of data-driven reanalysis, the midrapidity transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons (,, and ) produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are fitted by using the blast-wave model with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The model results are in agreement with the experimental data measured by the STAR Collaboration at the RHIC-BES energies. We observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature , transverse flow velocity , mean transverse momentum , and initial temperature increase with collision energy as well as with event centrality.

Description: In different approaches, the temperature-baryon density plane of QCD matter is studied for deconfinement and chemical freezeout boundaries. Results from various heavy-ion experiments are compared with the recent lattice simulations, the effective QCD-like Polyakov linear-sigma model, and the equilibrium thermal models. Along the entire freezeout boundary, there is an excellent agreement between the thermal model calculations and the experiments. Also, the thermal model calculations agree well with the estimations deduced from the Polyakov linear-sigma model (PLSM). At low baryonic density or high energies, both deconfinement and chemical freezeout boundaries are likely coincident, and therefore, the agreement with the lattice simulations becomes excellent as well, while at large baryonic density, the two boundaries become distinguishable forming a phase where hadrons and quark-gluon plasma likely coexist.

Description: Study of charged particle multiplicity distribution in high-energy interactions of particles helps in revealing the dynamics of particle production and the underlying statistical patterns, by which these distributions follow. Several distributions derived from statistics have been employed to understand its behaviour. In one of our earlier papers, we introduced the shifted Gompertz distribution to investigate this variable and showed that the multiplicity distributions in a variety of processes at different energies can be very well described by this distribution. The fact that the shifted Gompertz distribution, which has been extensively used in diffusion theory, social networking and forecasting, has been used for the first time in high-energy physics collisions remains interesting. In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of oscillatory behaviour of the counting statistics observed in the high-energy experimental data, resulting from different types of recurrence relations defining the probability distributions. We search for such oscillations in the multiplicity distributions well described by the shifted Gompertz distribution and look for retrieval of additional valuable information from these distributions.

Description: Lepton mixing patterns from the modular group PSL2(7) with generalized CP symmetries are studied. The residual symmetries in both charged lepton and neutrino sectors are . Seven types of mixing patterns at the 3σ level of the new global fit data are obtained. Among these patterns, three types of patterns can give the Dirac CP phase which is in the 1σ range of the global fit data. The effective mass of neutrinoless double-beta decay for these patterns is also examined.

Description: In this note, we consider particle falling in the black hole with an additional potential. Following the proposal by Susskind (2018), we study the growth rate of the particle’s Rindler momentum, which corresponds to the growth rate of the operator size in the dual chaotic system. A general analysis near the horizon shows that the growth rate of the particle’s Rindler momentum of the particle falling with a regular potential is the same as that of the particle free falling, which saturates the chaos bound. However, when the potential is singular, the growth rate is suppressed such that it is below the Lyapunov exponent. It implies that the chaos suppression may be captured by an additional singular potential in the gravity side. We further explicitly study a particle falling in hyperscaling violating spacetime to confirm the general analysis results. Finally, we study the particle falling in AdS soliton geometry. It also exhibits a suppression of the growth of the Rindler momentum. It is attributed to that when the repulsive potential is introduced or the black hole horizon is absent, the particle is slowed down, and its trajectory seen by a comoving observer is timelike, which corresponds to a weak chaos system.

Description: Inspired by the extension of the Standard Model, we analyzed the effects of the spacetime anisotropies on a massive Dirac field through a nonminimal CPT-odd coupling in the Dirac equation, where we proposed a possible scenario that characterizes the breaking of the Lorentz symmetry which is governed by a background vector field and induces a Landau-type quantization. Then, in order to generalize our system, we introduce a hard-wall potential and, for a particular case, we determine the energy levels in this background. In addition, at the nonrelativistic limit of the system, we investigate the effects of the Lorentz symmetry violation on thermodynamic aspects of the system.

Description: By using the method of data-driven reanalysis, the midrapidity transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons (,, and ) produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are fitted by using the blast-wave model with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The model results are in agreement with the experimental data measured by the STAR Collaboration at the RHIC-BES energies. We observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature , transverse flow velocity , mean transverse momentum , and initial temperature increase with collision energy as well as with event centrality.

Description: In the past, Kundu et al. and Chakraborty et al. used extra scalar fields to cancel the quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass squared and they determined the mass of the required scalar field. In this work, a spin-3/2 particle has been used in the same manner to nullify the power-law divergences, and it is determined that the mass of the spin-3/2 particle resides in the ball park of the GUT scale.

Description: We propose a new L-R symmetry model where the L-R symmetry transformation reverses both the L-R chirality and the local quantum number. We add to the model a global quantum number whose value is one for fermions (minus one for antifermion) and vanishes for bosons. For each standard model (SM) particle, we have the corresponding L-R dual particle whose mass is very large and which should have decayed at the current low energy level. Due to the global quantum number , there is no Majorana neutrino in the model but a Dirac seesaw mechanism can still occur and the usual three active neutrino oscillation can still be realized. We add two leptoquarks and their L-R duals, for generating the baryon number asymmetry and for facilitating the decay of the L-R dual particles. The decay of the L-R dual particles will produce a large entropy to the SM sector and give a mechanism for avoiding the big bang nucleosynthesis constraint.

Description: The two-dimensional hydrogen atom in an external magnetic field is considered in the context of phase space. Using the solution of the Schrödinger equation in phase space, the Wigner function related to the Zeeman effect is calculated. For this purpose, the Bohlin mapping is used to transform the Coulomb potential into a harmonic oscillator problem. Then, it is possible to solve the Schrödinger equation easier by using the perturbation theory. The negativity parameter for this system is realised.

Description: In this work, we propose a biquaternionic reformulation of a fractional monochromatic Maxwell system. Additionally, some examples are given to illustrate how the quaternionic fractional approach emerges in linear hydrodynamics and elasticity.

Description: In this paper, we investigate the minimal length effects on the thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture in a RN-AdS black hole via charged particle absorption. We first use the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) to investigate the minimal length effect on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. After the deformed Hamilton-Jacobi equation is derived, we use it to study the variations of the thermodynamic quantities of a RN-Ads black hole via absorbing a charged particle. Furthermore, we check the second law of thermodynamics and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in two phase spaces. In the normal phase space, the second law of thermodynamics and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture are satisfied in the usual and GUP-deformed cases, and the minimal length effect makes the increase of entropy faster than the usual case. After the charge particle absorption, the extremal RN-AdS black hole becomes nonextremal. In the extended phase space, the black hole entropy can either increase or decrease. When , the second law is satisfied. When , the second law of thermodynamics is violated for the extremal or near-extremal black hole. Finally, we find that the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is legal for extremal and near-extremal RN-Ads black holes in the GUP-deformed case.

Description: In this paper, we analytically study the holographic superconductor models with the high derivative (HD) coupling terms. Using the Sturm-Liouville (S-L) eigenvalue method, we perturbatively calculate the critical temperature. The analytical results are in good agreement with the numerical results. It confirms that the perturbative method in terms of the HD coupling parameters is available. Along the same line, we analytically calculate the value of the condensation near the critical temperature. We find that the phase transition is second order with mean field behavior, which is independent of the HD coupling parameters. Then, in the low-temperature limit, we also calculate the conductivity, which is qualitatively consistent with the numerical one. We find that the superconducting energy gap is proportional to the value of the condensation. But we note that since the condensation changes with the HD coupling parameters, as the function of the HD coupling parameters, the superconducting energy gap follows the same change trend as that of the condensation.

Description: We discussed that for some particular nonsupersymmetric theories, a generalized symmetry that includes both the scale and axial transformations and leads to a single current may contain also a pseudoscalar term. The method, inspired by the superconformal anomalies, has important application for low-energy effective models where it allows the introduction of a single complex glueball field with a scalar and a pseudoscalar component on the same footing with the complex meson nonet fields made of quarks. Both axial and trace anomalies are satisfied in accordance to the meson structure and the QCD requirements.

Description: Within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) approach, we discuss mainly the fermionic (i.e., off-shell nilpotent) (anti-)BRST, (anti-)co-BRST, and some discrete dual symmetries of the appropriate Lagrangian densities for a two ()-dimensional (2D) modified Proca (i.e., a massive Abelian 1-form) theory without any interaction with matter fields. One of the novel observations of our present investigation is the existence of some kinds of restrictions in the case of our present Stückelberg-modified version of the 2D Proca theory which is not like the standard Curci-Ferrari (CF) condition of a non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory. Some kinds of similarities and a few differences between them have been pointed out in our present investigation. To establish the sanctity of the above off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST symmetries, we derive them by using our newly proposed (anti-)chiral superfield formalism where a few specific and appropriate sets of invariant quantities play a decisive role. We express the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST conserved charges in terms of the superfields that are obtained after the applications of (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariant restrictions and prove their off-shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity properties, too. Finally, we make some comments on (i) the novelty of our restrictions/obstructions and (ii) the physics behind the negative kinetic term associated with the pseudoscalar field of our present theory.

Description: The gravitational attraction force being proportional to the mass has been experimentally shown for several hundred years now, but no gravitational repulsion has been identified within the accepted scientific reasoning. Here, we show that the gravitational repulsion force, similar to the gravitational attraction among particles has also been in existence in nature but, yet to be recognized. The results of experiments are shown in detail and are discussed in the recent series of-publications. It is also shown here that this gravitational repulsion force is proportional to the temperature which is an indicator of thermal energy of the particle, similar to the gravitational attraction that is proportional to the mass of the particle. The situations where heavy particles such as iodine, tungsten, and thorium in vacuum move against gravitational force have already been shown qualitatively. The increase in time-of-fall of water droplets (slowing down of fall) with rise in temperature is also quantitatively discussed. This article discusses two major phenomena observable in nature, clouds and the expansion of universe, which could be more preciously explained by the concept of antigravity.

Description: In the standard model, the permutation symmetry among the three generations of fundamental fermions is usually regarded to be broken by the Higgs couplings. It is found that the symmetry is restored if we include the mass matrix parameters as physical variables which transform appropriately under the symmetry operation. Known relations between these variables, such as the renormalization group equations, as well as formulas for neutrino oscillations (in vacuum and in matter), are shown to be covariant tensor equations under the permutation symmetry group.

Description: We study the correlation between the fermion composite system and quark spins by using the light-cone quark–diquark model. We do the calculations for -quark and -quark in the fermion system by considering different polarization configurations of both. The contribution from scalar and axial-vector diquarks is taken into account. The overlap representation of light-front wavefunctions is used for the calculations. The spin–spin correlations for and quarks are presented in transverse impact-parameter plane and transverse momentum plane as well.

Description: The quantum tunneling radiation of fermions with arbitrary spin at the event horizon of Kerr-de Sitter black hole is accurately modified by using the dispersion relation proposed in the study of string theory and quantum gravitational theory. The derived tunneling rate and temperature at the black hole horizons are analyzed and studied.

Description: In this paper, by using a Tsallis-Pareto-type function and the multisource thermal model, the elliptic flow coefficients of particles ,,,, and produced in Pb–Pb collisions at the center-of-mass energy of are investigated. In the process of collisional evolution, because of geometric structure, pressure gradient, and thermal diffusion effects, deformation and translation occurred in the isotropic emission source, leading to anisotropy in the azimuth distribution of the final-state particles. Based on these dynamic factors, the dependence of elliptic flow on transverse momentum is described as well.

Description: The precise measurement of neutrino-oscillation parameters is one of the highest priorities in neutrino-oscillation physics. To achieve the desired precision, it is necessary to reduce the systematic uncertainties related to neutrino energy reconstruction. An error in energy reconstruction is propagated to all the oscillation parameters; hence, a careful estimation of the neutrino energy is required. To increase the statistics, neutrino-oscillation experiments use heavy nuclear targets like argon (). The use of these nuclear targets introduces nuclear effects that severely impact the neutrino energy reconstruction which in turn poses influence in the determination of neutrino-oscillation parameters. In this work, we have tried to quantify the presence of nuclear effects on the bounds of the phase by DUNE using final state interactions.

Description: We present a neutrino oscillation analysis of two particular data sets from the Daya Bay and RENO reactor neutrino experiments aiming to study the increase in precision in the oscillation parameters and the effective mass splitting gained by combining two relatively simple to reproduce analyses available in the literature. For Daya Bay, the data from 217 days between December 2011 and July 2012 were used. For RENO, we used the data from 500 live days between August 2011 and January 2012. We reproduce reasonably well the results of the individual analyses, both rate-only and spectral, defining a suitable statistic for each case. Finally, we performed a combined spectral analysis and extract tighter constraints on the parameters, with an improved precision between 30 and 40% with respect to the individual analyses considered.

Description: In this work we are about to investigate the effects of quintessence dark energy on evolution of the computational complexity relating to the AdS/CFT correspondence. We use “” conjecture for a charged AdS black hole surrounded by the dark energy at the quintessence regime. Then we try to find some conditions on the quintessence parameters where the Lloyd bound is satisfied in presence of affects of the quintessence dark energy on the complexity growth at the late time approximations. We compare late time approximation of the action growth by perturbed geometry in small limits of shift function. Actually we investigate the evµolution of complexity when thermofield double state on the boundaries is perturbed by local operator corresponding to a shock wave geometry as holographically. Furthermore we seek spread of local shock wave on the black hole horizon in presence of the quintessence dark energy.

Description: We construct analytical charged anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes surrounded by perfect fluids in four dimensional Rastall gravity. Then, we discuss the thermodynamics and phase transitions of charged AdS black holes immersed in regular matter like dust and radiation, or exotic matter like quintessence, CDM type, and phantom fields. Surrounded by phantom field, the charged AdS black hole demonstrates a new phenomenon of reentrant phase transition (RPT) when the parameters ,, and satisfy some certain condition, along with the usual small/large black hole (SBH/LBH) phase transition for the surrounding dust, radiation, quintessence, and cosmological constant fields.

Description: In continuation of our earlier work, in which we analysed the charged particle multiplicities in leptonic and hadronic interactions at different center-of-mass energies in full phase space as well as in restricted phase space using the shifted Gompertz distribution, a detailed analysis of the normalized moments and normalized factorial moments is reported here. A two-component model in which a probability distribution function is obtained from the superposition of two shifted Gompertz distributions, as introduced in our earlier work, has also been used for the analysis. This is the first analysis of the moments with the shifted Gompertz distribution. Analysis has also been performed to predict the moments of multiplicity distribution for the collisions at at a future collider.

Description: We discuss the criticality and phase transition in the extended phase space of anti-de Sitter(AdS) black holes in four-dimensional Rastall theory and recover the Van der Waals (VdW) analogy of small/large black hole (SBH/LBH) phase transition when the parameters and satisfy some certain conditions. Later, we further explore the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of massless scalar perturbations to probe the SBH/LBH phase transition. It is found that it can be detected near the critical point, where the slopes of the QNM frequencies change drastically in small and large black holes.

Description: The momentum spectra of charged pions ( and ) and kaons ( and ), as well as protons (p), produced in the beam proton-induced collisions in a 90 cm long graphite target (proton-carbon (p-C) collisions) at the beam momentum  GeV/c are studied in the framework of a multisource thermal model by using Boltzmann distribution and the Monte Carlo method. The theoretical model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. The related free parameters (effective temperature, rapidity shifts, and fraction of nonleading protons) and derived quantities (average transverse momentum and initial quasitemperature) under given experimental conditions are obtained. The considered free parameters and derived quantities are shown to be strongly dependent on the emission angle over a range from 0 to 380 mrad and weakly dependent on longitudinal position (graphite target thickness) over a range from 0 to 90 cm.

Description: We investigate the vacuum instability in the presence of dilaton field in a holographic setup. Although the dilaton is a bulk field, it leads to the vacuum instability on the boundary. We show that the whole process crucially depends on the probe brane position and as well on the radial coordinate so that the effects of dilaton scale parameter in different regions of the bulk or for different probe brane positions are different. We also observe that in our study, the temperature can strengthen the effect of scale parameter in reducing the potential barrier. Finally, we show that this Schwinger-like effect, although is interesting by itself, does not produce a considerable pair production rate.

Description: The yield ratios of negatively to positively charged pions (), negatively to positively charged kaons (), and anti-protons to protons () produced in mid-rapidity interval in central gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions, central lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions, and inelastic (INEL) or non-single-diffractive (NSD) proton-proton () collisions, as well as in forward rapidity region in INEL collisions are analyzed in the present work. Over an energy range from a few GeV to above 10 TeV, the chemical potentials of light flavor particles (pion, kaon, and proton) and quarks (up, down, and strange quarks) are extracted from the mentioned yield ratios in which the contributions of strong decay from high-mass resonance and weak decay from heavy flavor hadrons are removed. Most energy dependent chemical potentials show the maximum at about 4 GeV, while the energy dependent yield ratios do not show such an extremum.

Description: In this paper, we investigate the tree-dominated B¯u,d,s,c∗⟶Vℓ−ν¯ℓ (V=Du,d∗,Ds∗,J/ψ and ℓ=e,μ,τ) decays in the Standard Model with the relevant form factors obtained in the light-front quark model. These decays involve much more helicity states relative to the corresponding B¯∗⟶Pℓ−ν¯ℓ and B¯⟶Vℓ−ν¯ℓ decays, and moreover, the contribution of longitudinal polarization mode (V meson) is relatively small, ~30%, compared with the corresponding B meson decays. We have also computed the branching fraction, lepton spin asymmetry, forward-backward asymmetry, and ratio RV∗L≡BB¯∗⟶Vτ−ν¯τ/BB¯∗⟶Vℓ′−ν¯ℓ′ℓ′=e,μ. Numerically, the branching fractions of B¯∗⟶Vℓ′−ν¯ℓ′ decays are at the level of O10−7 and are hopeful to be observed by LHC and Belle-II experiments. The ratios RD∗,Ds∗,J/ψ∗L have relatively small theoretical uncertainties and are close to each other, RD∗∗L≃RDs∗∗L≃RJ/ψ∗L≃0.26,0.270.27,0.29, which are a bit different from the predictions in some previous works. The future measurements are expected to make tests on these predictions.

Description: In this paper, we develop a phenomenological model inspired by QCD that mimics the QCD theory. We use the gauge theory in color dielectric medium (Gϕ) coupled with fermion fields to produce scalar and vector confinements in the chromoelectric flux tube scenario. The Abelian theory will be used to approximate the non-Abelian QCD theory in a consistent manner. We will calculate vector and scalar glueballs and compare the result to the existing simulation and experimental results and projections. The QCD-like vacuum associated with the model will be calculated and its behavior studied relative to changing quark masses. We will also comment on the relationship between tachyon condensation, dual Higgs mechanism, QCD monopole condensation, and their association with confinement. The behavior of the QCD string tension obtained from the vector potential of the model will be studied to establish vector dominance in confinement theories.

Description: In this paper, we investigate the minimal length effects on the thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture in a RN-AdS black hole via charged particle absorption. We first use the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) to investigate the minimal length effect on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. After the deformed Hamilton-Jacobi equation is derived, we use it to study the variations of the thermodynamic quantities of a RN-Ads black hole via absorbing a charged particle. Furthermore, we check the second law of thermodynamics and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in two phase spaces. In the normal phase space, the second law of thermodynamics and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture are satisfied in the usual and GUP-deformed cases, and the minimal length effect makes the increase of entropy faster than the usual case. After the charge particle absorption, the extremal RN-AdS black hole becomes nonextremal. In the extended phase space, the black hole entropy can either increase or decrease. When , the second law is satisfied. When , the second law of thermodynamics is violated for the extremal or near-extremal black hole. Finally, we find that the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is legal for extremal and near-extremal RN-Ads black holes in the GUP-deformed case.

Description: Within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) approach, we discuss mainly the fermionic (i.e., off-shell nilpotent) (anti-)BRST, (anti-)co-BRST, and some discrete dual symmetries of the appropriate Lagrangian densities for a two ()-dimensional (2D) modified Proca (i.e., a massive Abelian 1-form) theory without any interaction with matter fields. One of the novel observations of our present investigation is the existence of some kinds of restrictions in the case of our present Stückelberg-modified version of the 2D Proca theory which is not like the standard Curci-Ferrari (CF) condition of a non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory. Some kinds of similarities and a few differences between them have been pointed out in our present investigation. To establish the sanctity of the above off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST symmetries, we derive them by using our newly proposed (anti-)chiral superfield formalism where a few specific and appropriate sets of invariant quantities play a decisive role. We express the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST conserved charges in terms of the superfields that are obtained after the applications of (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariant restrictions and prove their off-shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity properties, too. Finally, we make some comments on (i) the novelty of our restrictions/obstructions and (ii) the physics behind the negative kinetic term associated with the pseudoscalar field of our present theory.

Description: The two-dimensional hydrogen atom in an external magnetic field is considered in the context of phase space. Using the solution of the Schrödinger equation in phase space, the Wigner function related to the Zeeman effect is calculated. For this purpose, the Bohlin mapping is used to transform the Coulomb potential into a harmonic oscillator problem. Then, it is possible to solve the Schrödinger equation easier by using the perturbation theory. The negativity parameter for this system is realised.

Description: The gravitational attraction force being proportional to the mass has been experimentally shown for several hundred years now, but no gravitational repulsion has been identified within the accepted scientific reasoning. Here, we show that the gravitational repulsion force, similar to the gravitational attraction among particles has also been in existence in nature but, yet to be recognized. The results of experiments are shown in detail and are discussed in the recent series of-publications. It is also shown here that this gravitational repulsion force is proportional to the temperature which is an indicator of thermal energy of the particle, similar to the gravitational attraction that is proportional to the mass of the particle. The situations where heavy particles such as iodine, tungsten, and thorium in vacuum move against gravitational force have already been shown qualitatively. The increase in time-of-fall of water droplets (slowing down of fall) with rise in temperature is also quantitatively discussed. This article discusses two major phenomena observable in nature, clouds and the expansion of universe, which could be more preciously explained by the concept of antigravity.

Description: In this paper, we analytically study the holographic superconductor models with the high derivative (HD) coupling terms. Using the Sturm-Liouville (S-L) eigenvalue method, we perturbatively calculate the critical temperature. The analytical results are in good agreement with the numerical results. It confirms that the perturbative method in terms of the HD coupling parameters is available. Along the same line, we analytically calculate the value of the condensation near the critical temperature. We find that the phase transition is second order with mean field behavior, which is independent of the HD coupling parameters. Then, in the low-temperature limit, we also calculate the conductivity, which is qualitatively consistent with the numerical one. We find that the superconducting energy gap is proportional to the value of the condensation. But we note that since the condensation changes with the HD coupling parameters, as the function of the HD coupling parameters, the superconducting energy gap follows the same change trend as that of the condensation.

Description: In the standard model, the permutation symmetry among the three generations of fundamental fermions is usually regarded to be broken by the Higgs couplings. It is found that the symmetry is restored if we include the mass matrix parameters as physical variables which transform appropriately under the symmetry operation. Known relations between these variables, such as the renormalization group equations, as well as formulas for neutrino oscillations (in vacuum and in matter), are shown to be covariant tensor equations under the permutation symmetry group.

Description: We discussed that for some particular nonsupersymmetric theories, a generalized symmetry that includes both the scale and axial transformations and leads to a single current may contain also a pseudoscalar term. The method, inspired by the superconformal anomalies, has important application for low-energy effective models where it allows the introduction of a single complex glueball field with a scalar and a pseudoscalar component on the same footing with the complex meson nonet fields made of quarks. Both axial and trace anomalies are satisfied in accordance to the meson structure and the QCD requirements.

Description: It appears that having our own brane to somehow interact with other branes could give rise to quite an interesting system and that interaction could lead to some observable effects. We consider the question of whether or not these signatures of interaction between the branes can be observed. To answer this question, we investigate the effect induced by the inflaton in the WMAP7 data using the warm inflationary model. In this model, slow-roll and perturbation parameters are given in terms of the inflaton thermal distribution. We show that this distribution depends on the orbital radius of the brane motion under the interaction potential of other branes in extra dimensions. Thus, an enhancement in the brane inflation can be a signature of an orbital motion in extra dimensions, and consequently, some signals of other branes can be detected by observational data. According to experimental data, the case leads to , where and are the number of -folds and the spectral index, respectively. This standard case may be found in the range , where is the tensor-scalar ratio. We find that at this point, the radial distance between our brane and another brane is in intermediate and in logamediate inflation.

Description: The distribution characteristic of final-state particles is one of the significant parts in high-energy nuclear collisions. The transverse momentum distribution of charged particles carries essential evolution information about the collision system. The Tsallis statistics is used to investigate the transverse momentum distribution of charged particles produced in Xe-Xe collisions at  TeV. On this basis, we reproduce the nuclear modification factor of the charged particles. The calculated results agree approximately with the experimental data measured by the ALICE Collaboration.

Description: Recent stringent experiment data of neutrino oscillations induces partial symmetries such as and to derive lepton mixing patterns. New partial symmetries expressed with elements of group algebras are studied. A specific lepton mixing pattern could correspond to a set of equivalent elements of a group algebra. The transformation which interchanges the elements could express a residual symmetry. Lepton mixing matrices from group algebras are of the trimaximal form with the reflection symmetry. Accordingly, elements of group algebras are equivalent to . Comments on group algebras are given. The predictions of broken from the group with the generalized symmetry are also obtained from elements of group algebras.

Description: Charged particle multiplicity fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions are studied for the central events generated using EPOS3 (hydro and hydro+cascade) at sNN=2.76 TeV. Intermittency analysis is performed in the midrapidity region in two-dimensional (η, ϕ) phase space within the narrow transverse momentum (pT) bins in the low pT region (pT≤1.0 GeV/c). Power-law scaling of the normalized factorial moments with the number of bins is not observed to be significant in any of the pT bins. Scaling exponent ν, deduced for a few pT bins, is greater than that of the value 1.304, predicted for the second-order phase transition by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. The link in the notions of fractality is also studied. Generalized fractal dimensions, Dq, are observed to decrease with the order of the moment q suggesting the multifractal nature of the particle generation in EPOS3.

Description: In this article, we study the axialvector-diquark-axialvector-antidiquark type scalar, axialvector, tensor, and vector sss¯s¯ tetraquark states with the QCD sum rules. The predicted mass mX=2.08±0.12 GeV for the axialvector tetraquark state is in excellent agreement with the experimental value 2062.8±13.1±4.2 MeV from the BESIII collaboration and supports assigning the new X state to be a sss¯s¯ tetraquark state with JPC=1+−. The predicted mass mX=3.08±0.11 GeV disfavors assigning ϕ2170 or Y2175 to be the vector partner of the new X state. As a byproduct, we obtain the masses of the corresponding qqq¯q¯ tetraquark states. The light tetraquark states lie in the region about 2 GeV rather than 1 GeV.

Description: We study the strongly interacting matter phase diagram on the T−μ plane through the two flavor Polyakov extended NJL model. We compare the phase diagrams obtained from three different effective potentials, focusing on the behavior of the width of the crossover region and the critical end point for each case. We describe various susceptibilities to obtain the chiral crossover and the color deconfinement crossover.

Description: We carry out the Hawking temperature of a 2+1-dimensional circularly symmetric traversable wormhole in the framework of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). Firstly, we introduce the modified Klein-Gordon equation of the spin-0 particle, the modified Dirac equation of the spin-1/2 particle, and the modified vector boson equation of the spin-1 particle in the wormhole background, respectively. Given these equations under the Hamilton-Jacobi approach, we analyze the GUP effect on the tunneling probability of these particles near the trapping horizon and, subsequently, on the Hawking temperature of the wormhole. Furthermore, we have found that the modified Hawking temperature of the wormhole is determined by both wormhole’s and tunneling particle’s properties and indicated that the wormhole has a positive temperature similar to that of a physical system. This case indicates that the wormhole may be supported by ordinary (nonexotic) matter. In addition, we calculate the Unruh-Verlinde temperature of the wormhole by using Kodama vectors instead of time-like Killing vectors and observe that it equals to the standard Hawking temperature of the wormhole.

Description: Studies about a formal analogy between the gravitational and the electromagnetic fields lead to the notion of Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) to describe gravitation. In fact, the GEM equations correspond to the weak-field approximation of the gravitation field. Here, a non-abelian extension of the GEM theory is considered. Using the Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism to introduce temperature effects, some interesting physical phenomena are investigated. The non-abelian GEM Stefan-Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect at zero and finite temperatures for this non-abelian field are calculated.

Description: In this article, we study the possibility of changing a physical degree of freedom of a particle to its quantum spin after quantization is applied. Our approach to do such a survey is increasing the fundamental symmetries of the anyonic particle model with the help of the symplectic formalism of constrained systems. After extracting the corresponding Poisson structure of all constraints, we compare the effect of gauging on the phase spaces, the number of physical degrees of freedom, canonical structures of both primary and gauged models, and the spin of the anyon, in terms of its energy.

Description: In this paper, the effect of the space-time dimension on effective thermodynamic quantities in (n+2)-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter space has been studied. Based on derived effective thermodynamic quantities, conditions for the phase transition are obtained. The result shows that the accelerating cosmic expansion can be attained by the entropy force arisen from the interaction between horizons of black holes and our universe, which provides a possible way to explain the physical mechanism for the accelerating cosmic expansion.

Description: We study the evolution of the physical parameter values defined at the sub-planckian energies to values at low energies. The Wilson action is the basis of the research. The presence of the compact extra dimensions has two consequences. The positive point is that the integration over extra dimensions is a promising way to substantially reduce the parameters to be comparable with the observational values. On the other hand, the discreteness of the energy levels of compact extra dimensions complicates the analysis. This difficulty can be overcome with the truncated Green functions.

Description: In this work, we study symplectic unitary representations for the Galilei group. As a consequence a nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived in phase space. The formalism is based on the noncommutative structure of the star product, and using the group theory approach as a guide a physically consistent theory is constructed in phase space. The state is described by a quasi-probability amplitude that is in association with the Wigner function. With these results, we solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in phase space and obtained the Wigner function for the system considered.

Description: The stability criteria for the dynamical system of a homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model are investigated with the interaction of a scalar field in the presence of a perfect fluid. In this paper, we depict the dynamical system perspective to study qualitatively the scalar field cosmology under two special cases, with and without potential. In the absence of potential, we get a two-dimensional dynamical system, and we study the analytical as well as geometrical behavior. For the dynamical system with potential, we analyze different potential forms: simple exponential potential form (Vϕ=Voe−λϕ), double exponential potential form Vϕ=Voexp−Aexp2αϕ, and inverse power law potential form (Vϕ=Voϕ−α). We generate an autonomous system of ordinary differential equations (ASODE) for each case by introducing new dimensionless variables and obtain respective fixed points. We also analyze the type, nature, and stability of the fixed points and how their behavior reflects towards the cosmological scenarios. Throughout the whole work, the investigation of this model has shown us the deep connection between these theories and cosmic acceleration phenomena. The phase plots of the system at different conditions and different values of γ have been analyzed in detail, and their geometrical interpretations have been studied. The perturbation plots of the dynamical system have been analyzed with emphasis on our analytical findings. We have evaluated the total energy density (Ωϕ) at the fixed points and also found out the suitable range of γ and λ for a stable model.

Description: Centrality-dependent double-differential transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged particles (π−, K−, and p¯) at the mid(pseudo)rapidity interval in nuclear collisions are analyzed by the standard distribution in terms of multicomponent. The experimental data measured in gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are studied. The effective temperature, initial temperature, kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume are extracted from the fitting to transverse momentum spectra. We observed that the mentioned five quantities increase with the increase of event centrality due to the fact that the average transverse momentum increases with the increase of event centrality. This renders that larger momentum (energy) transfer and further multiple scattering had happened in central centrality.

Description: In this study, we investigate the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation analytically for the Deng-Fan potential and Hulthen plus Eckart potential under the equal vector and scalar potential conditions. Accordingly, we obtain the energy eigenvalues of the molecular systems in different states as well as the normalized wave function in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials function through the NU method, which is an effective method for the exact solution of second-order linear differential equations.

Description: The Dirac field, spin 1/2 particles, is investigated in phase space. The Dirac propagator is defined. The Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism is used to introduce finite temperature. The energy-momentum tensor is calculated at finite temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann law is established, and the Casimir effect is calculated for the Dirac field in phase space at zero and finite temperature. A comparative analysis with these results in standard quantum mechanics space is realized.

Description: In this paper, we demonstrated that the multiple turning point problems within the framework of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation method can be reduced to two turning point one for a nonsymmetric potential function by using an appropriate Pekeris-type approximation scheme. We solved the Schrödinger equation with the Killingbeck potential plus an inversely quadratic potential (KPIQP) function. The special cases of the modeled potential are discussed. We obtained the energy eigenvalues and the mass spectra of the heavy QQ¯ and heavy-light Qq¯ mesons systems. The results in this present work are in good agreement with the results obtained by other analytical methods and available experimental data in the literature.

Description: We consider the quantum mechanical problem of the motion of a spinless charged relativistic particle with mass M, described by the Klein-Fock-Gordon equation with equal scalar Sr→ and vector Vr→ Coulomb plus ring-shaped potentials. It is shown that the system under consideration has both a discrete at EMc2 energy spectra. We find the analytical expressions for the corresponding complete wave functions. A dynamical symmetry group SU1,1 for the radial wave equation of motion is constructed. The algebra of generators of this group makes it possible to find energy spectra in a purely algebraic way. It is also shown that relativistic expressions for wave functions, energy spectra, and group generators in the limit c⟶∞ go over into the corresponding expressions for the nonrelativistic problem.

Description: We extend and complete our analysis arXiv:1608.02380 and study the induced world volume metrics and Hawking temperatures of all type IIB rotating probe Dp-branes, dual to the temperature of different flavors at finite R-charge, in the Ben Ami–Kuperstein–Sonnenschein holographic models including the effects of spontaneous conformal and chiral flavor symmetry breakdown. The model embeds type IIB probe flavor Dp-branes into the Klebanov-Witten gravity dual of conformal gauge theory, with the embedding parameter, given by the minimal radial extension of the probes, dual to the IR scale of conformal and chiral flavor symmetry breakdown. We show that when the minimal extension is positive definite, the induced world volume metrics of type IIB rotating probe branes admit thermal horizons and Hawking temperatures despite the absence of black holes in the bulk subject to the world volume and topology of the nontrivial internal cycle wrapped by the probe. We also derive the energy–stress tensor of the thermal probes and study their backreaction and energy dissipation. We show that at the IR scale the backreaction is nonnegligible and find the energy can flow from the probes to the bulk, dual to the energy dissipation from the flavor sectors into the gauge theory.

Description: In this paper, we investigate the relativistic quantum dynamics of spin-0 massive charged particle subject to a homogeneous magnetic field in the Gödel-type space-time with potentials. We solve the Klein-Gordon equation subject to a homogeneous magnetic field in a topologically trivial flat class of Gödel-type space-time in the presence of Cornell-type scalar and Coulomb-type vector potentials and analyze the effects on the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.

Description: The Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism is used to investigate the regular black holes at finite temperature. Using the Teleparalelism Equivalent to General Relativity (TEGR), the gravitational Stefan-Boltzmann law and the gravitational Casimir effect at zero and finite temperature are calculated. In addition, the first law of thermodynamics is considered. Then, the gravitational entropy and the temperature of the event horizon of a class of regular black holes are determined.

Description: Transverse momentum (mass) spectra of positively and negatively charged pions and of positively and negatively charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons produced at mid-(pseudo)rapidity in various collisions at high energies are analyzed in this work. The experimental data measured in central gold-gold, central lead-lead, and inelastic proton-proton collisions by several international collaborations are studied. The (two-component) standard distribution is used to fit the data and extract the excitation function of effective temperature. Then, the excitation functions of kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and initial temperature are obtained. In the considered collisions, the four parameters increase with the increase of collision energy in general, and the kinetic freeze-out temperature appears at the trend of saturation at the top Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider.

Description: We study the relativistic quantum of scalar particles in the cosmic string space-time with a screw dislocation (torsion) subject to a uniform magnetic field including the magnetic quantum flux in the presence of potential. We solve the Klein-Gordon equation with a Cornell-type scalar potential in the considered framework and obtain the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions and analyze a relativistic analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states.

Description: The differential cross-section of the top quark pair production via the quark-antiquark annihilation subprocess in hadron collision is calculated within the noncommutative standard model. A pure NC analytical expression for the forward-backward asymmetry at the tree level is obtained. Moreover, using recent Tevatron results from the full RUN2 data, a new lower bound on the noncommutative geometry parameter is deduced.

Description: We search for the doubly charged leptons (L−−) predicted in composite models including extended weak isospin multiplets, namely, IW=1 and IW=3/2, at the Future Circular Collider- (FCC-) based energy-frontier electron-proton colliders with the center-of-mass energies of s=3.46 TeV, s=10 TeV, and s=31.6 TeV, respectively. We deal with the e−p⟶L−−X⟶e−W−X process, calculate the production cross sections, and give the normalized transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of final-state electron to obtain the kinematical cuts for the discovery. We show the statistical significance (SS) of the expected signal yield as a function of doubly charged lepton mass (SS−ML plots) to attain the doubly charged lepton discovery mass limits for both the IW=1 and IW=3/2. It is obtained that discovery mass limits on the mass of doubly charged lepton for IW=1 (IW=3/2) are 2.21 2.73 TeV, 5.46 8.47 TeV, and 12.9 20.0 TeV for s=3.46 TeV, s=10 TeV, and s=31.6 TeV, respectively.

Description: We investigate the nonequilibrium back reaction on the Schwarzschild black hole from the radiation field. The back reactions are characterized by the membrane close to the black hole. When the membrane is thin, we found that larger temperature difference can lead to more significant negative surface tension, larger thermodynamic dissipation cost, and back reaction in energy and entropy as well as larger black hole area. This may be relevant to the primordial black holes in early universe. Moreover, our nonequilibrium model can resolve the inconsistency issue of the black hole back reaction under zero mass limit in the equilibrium case. In the thick membrane case, the nonequilibrium back reaction is found to be more significant than that in the thin membrane case. The nonequilibrium temperature difference can increase the energy and entropy loss as well as the thermodynamic dissipation of the black hole and the membrane back reactions. The nonequilibrium dissipation cost characterized by the entropy production rate appears to be significant compared to the entropy rate radiated by the black hole under finite temperature difference. This may shed light on the black hole information paradox due to the information loss from the entropy production rate in the nonequilibrium cases. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic fluctuations can also reflect the effects of the back reactions of the Hawking radiation on the evolution of a black hole.

Description: We estimate the production of Za bosons, with a as the component of a Z vector boson, via p-p collisions using previous work on J/Ψ,Ψ2S production in p-p collisions, with the new aspect being the creation of Za bosons via quark interactions. We then estimate the production of Za bosons via Pb-Pb collisions using modification factors from previous publications.

Description: In this paper, using Hamilton-Jacobi ansatz, we investigate scalar particle tunneling radiation in the Demianski-Newman spacetime. We get the effective temperature with influences of quantum gravity and compare this temperature with the original temperature of the Demianski-Newman black hole. We find that it is similar to the case of fermions; for scalar particles, the influence of quantum gravity will also slow down the increase of Hawking temperatures, which naturally leads to remnants left in the evaporation.

Description: We construct a unified model of inflation and PeV dark matter with an appropriate choice of no-scale Kähler potential, superpotential, and gauge kinetic function in terms of MSSM fields and hidden sector Polonyi field. The model is consistent with the CMB observations and can explain the PeV neutrino flux observed at IceCube HESE. A Starobinsky-like Higgs-sneutrino plateau inflation is obtained from the D-term SUGRA potential while F-term being subdominant during inflation. To get PeV dark matter, SUSY breaking at PeV scale is achieved through Polonyi field. This sets the scale for soft SUSY breaking parameters m0,m1/2,A0 at the GUT scale in terms of the parameters of the model. The low-energy particle spectrum is obtained by running the RGEs. We show that the ~125 GeV Higgs and the gauge coupling unification can be obtained in this model. The 6 PeV bino-type dark matter is a subdominant fraction (~11%) of the relic density, and its decay gives the PeV scale neutrino flux observed at IceCube by appropriately choosing the couplings of the R-parity violating operators. Also, we find that there is degeneracy in scalar field parameters γ,β and coupling ζ value in producing the correct amplitude of CMB power spectrum. However, the value of parameter tanβ=1.8, which is tightly fixed from the requirement of PeV scale SUSY breaking, removes the degeneracy in the values of the scalar field parameters to provide a unique solution for inflation. In this way, it brings the explanation for dark matter, PeV neutrinos, and inflation within the same framework.

Description: The gravitational charge should be the energy instead of the mass. This modification will lead to some different results, and the experiments to test the new idea are also presented. In particular, we figure out how to achieve the negative energy and repulsive gravitational force in the lab.

Description: Recently, some authors have considered the quantum spectrum of black holes. This consideration is extended to tachyonic black holes in a brane-anti-brane system. In this study, black holes are constructed from two branes which are connected by a tachyonic tube. As the branes come closer to each other, they evolve and make a transition to thermal black branes. It will be shown that the spectrum of these black holes depends on the tachyonic potential and the separation distance between the branes. By decreasing the separation distance, more energy emerges and the spectrum of the black hole increases.

Description: The Nelson-Seiberg theorem relates R-symmetries to F-term supersymmetry breaking and provides a guiding rule for new physics model building beyond the Standard Model. A revision of the theorem gives a necessary and sufficient condition to supersymmetry breaking in models with polynomial superpotentials. This work revisits the theorem to include models with nonpolynomial superpotentials. With a generic R-symmetric superpotential, a singularity at the origin of the field space implies both R-symmetry breaking and supersymmetry breaking. We give a generalized necessary and sufficient condition for supersymmetry breaking which applies to both perturbative and nonperturbative models.

Description: The transverse momentum spectra of J/ψ, ψ2S, and YnS,n=1,2,3 produced in proton-proton p+p, proton-antiproton p+p¯, proton-lead p+Pb, gold-gold Au+Au, and lead-lead (Pb+Pb) collisions over a wide energy range are analyzed by the (two-component) Erlang distribution, the Hagedorn function (the inverse power-law), and the Tsallis-Levy function. The initial temperature is obtained from the color string percolation model from the fit by the (two-component) Erlang distribution in the framework of a multisource thermal model. The excitation functions of several parameters such as the mean transverse momentum and initial temperature increase from 39 GeV to 13 TeV, which is considered in this work. The mean transverse momentum and initial temperature decrease (increase slightly or do not change significantly) with the increase of rapidity (centrality). Meanwhile, the mean transverse momentum of YnS,n=1,2,3 is larger than that of J/ψ and ψ2S, and the initial temperature for YnS,n=1,2,3 emission is higher than that for J/ψ and ψ2S emission, which shows a mass-dependent behavior.

Description: We discuss the continuous and infinitesimal gauge, supergauge, reparameterization, nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST), and anti-BRST symmetries and derive corresponding nilpotent charges for the one 0+1-dimensional (1D) massive model of a spinning relativistic particle. We exploit the theoretical potential and power of the BRST and supervariable approaches to derive the (anti-)BRST symmetries and coupled (but equivalent) Lagrangians for this system. In particular, we capture the off-shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity of the conserved (anti-)BRST charges within the framework of the newly proposed (anti-)chiral supervariable approach (ACSA) to BRST formalism where only the (anti-)chiral supervariables (and their suitable super expansions) are taken into account along the Grassmannian direction(s). One of the novel observations of our present investigation is the derivation of the Curci-Ferrari- (CF-) type restriction by the requirement of the absolute anticommutativity of the (anti-)BRST charges in the ordinary space. We obtain the same restriction within the framework of ACSA to BRST formalism by (i) the symmetry invariance of the coupled Lagrangians and (ii) the proof of the absolute anticommutativity of the conserved and nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges. The observation of the anticommutativity property of the (anti-)BRST charges is a novel result in view of the fact that we have taken into account only the (anti-)chiral super expansions.

Description: We consider what is the maximum information measurable from the decay distributions of polarised baryon decays via amplitude analysis in the helicity formalism. We focus in particular on the analytical study of the Λc+⟶pK−π+ decay distributions, demonstrating that the full information on its decay amplitudes can be extracted from its distributions, allowing a simultaneous measurement of both helicity amplitudes and the polarisation vector. This opens the possibility to use the Λc+⟶pK−π+ decay for applications ranging from New Physics searches to low-energy QCD studies, in particular its use as absolute polarimeter for the Λc+ baryon. This result is valid as well for baryon decays having the same spin structure, and it is cross-checked numerically by means of a toy amplitude fit with Monte Carlo pseudodata.

Description: The light rays and wave fronts in a linear class of the Gödel-type metric are examined to reveal the causality-violating features of the space-time. Noncausal features demonstrated by the development of unusual wave front singularities are shown to be related to the nonmonotonic advance of time along the light rays, as measured by a system of observers at rest with respect to one another with synchronized clocks.

Description: In this work, we have obtained the solutions of a massless fermion which is under the external magnetic field around a cosmic string for specific three potential models using supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The constant magnetic field, energy-dependent potentials, and position-dependent mass models are investigated for the Dirac Hamiltonians, and an extension of these three potential models and their solutions is also obtained. The energy spectrum and potential graphs for each case are discussed for the α deficit angle.

Description: Elliptic flow of hadrons observed at relativistic heavy ion collision experiments at relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider (LHC) provides us an important signature of possible deconfinement transition from the hadronic phase to partonic phase. However, hadronization processes of deconfined partons back into final hadrons are found to play a vital role in the observed hadronic flow. In the present work, we use a coalescence mechanism also known as recombination (ReCo) to combine quarks into hadrons. To get there, we have used the Boltzmann transport equation in relaxation time approximation to transport the quarks into equilibration and finally to freeze-out the surface, before coalescence takes place. A Boltzmann-Gibbs blast wave (BGBW) function is taken as an equilibrium function to get the final distribution and a power-like function to describe the initial distributions of partons produced in heavy ion collisions. In the present work, we try to estimate the elliptic flow of identified hadrons such as π, K, and p, produced in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV at the LHC for different centralities. The elliptic flow (v2) of identified hadrons seems to be described quite well in the available pT range. After the evolution of quarks until freeze-out time has been calculated using BTE-RTA, the approach used in this paper consists of combining two or more quarks to explain the produced hadrons at intermediate momenta regions. The formalism is found to describe the elliptic flow of hadrons produced in Pb+Pb collisions to a large extent.

Description: In the space-time of the nonstationary spherical symmetry Vaidya-Bonner black hole, an accurate modification of Hawking tunneling radiation for fermions with arbitrary spin is researched. Considering a light dispersion relationship derived from string theory, quantum gravitational theory, and the Rarita-Schwinger equation in the nonstationary spherical symmetry space-time, we derive an accurately modified dynamic equation for fermions with arbitrary spin. By solving the equation, the modified tunneling rate of fermions with arbitrary spin, Hawking temperature, and entropy at the event horizon of the Vaidya-Bonner black hole are presented. We find that the Hawking temperature will increase, but the entropy will decrease compared with the case without the Lorentz Invariation Violation modification.

Description: The exotic JPC=1−+resonance π11600 is examined in the framework of the Quark Model with Constituent Gluon (QMCG). We report the possibility of interpreting that resonance as qq¯g meson, with a masse ≃1.65−0.04+0.05 GeV, and a decay width to ρπ≃0.28−0.09+0.14 GeV.

Description: In this paper, we study interactions of a scalar particle with electromagnetic potential in the background space-time generated by a cosmic string with a space-like dislocation. We solve the Klein-Gordon oscillator in the presence of external fields including an internal magnetic flux field and analyze the analogue effect to the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states. We extend this analysis subject to a Cornell-type scalar potential and observe the effects on the relativistic energy eigenvalue and eigenfunction.

Description: An extensive knowledge of the dynamics of the process of pp collision serves as input to exhaustive theoretical models of strong interaction. This knowledge is also a baseline for a system to decipher the dynamics of AA collisions at relativistic and ultrarelativistic energies. Recent availability of di-muon data has triggered a spate of interests in revisiting strong interaction process, the study of which in detail is extremely important for enhancement of our understanding of not only the theory of strong interaction but also possible physics scenarios beyond the standard model. Apart from conventional approaches to the study of the dynamics of particle production in high-energy collision the present authors proposed a new approach with successful application in context of symmetry scaling in AA collision data from (ALICE-Collaboration, 2014) in the work (Bhaduri, S. et al., 2019) and pp collision data at 8TeV from (CMS-collaboration, 2017) in the work (Bhaduri, S. et al., 2019) and also in other numerous works with different collision data. This different approach essentially analyses fluctuation pattern from the perspective of symmetry scaling or degree of self-similarity involved in the process. This was done with the help of multifractal scaling analysis and also multifractal cross-correlation analysis using the single variable of pseudorapidity values of di-muon data taken out from the primary dataset of RunA(2011) and RunB(2012) of the pp collision at 7 TeV and 8 TeV, respectively, from (CMS-collaboration, 2016, 2017). High degree of persistent long-range cross-correlations (MF-DXA) exist between pseudorapidity-value and its corresponding azimuthal-value for different rapidity ranges. The different values of scaling exponents (across rapidity ranges and energies) signify that there may be multiple processes other than those conjectured, involved in the underlying dynamics of the production process of oppositely charged di-muons resulting in different kinds of scaling. Otherwise, the scaling exponents at different degrees would have remained the same across the rapidity ranges and also for different energies.

Description: The interaction of nucleon-nucleon (NN) has certain physical characteristics, indicated by nucleon, and meson degrees of freedom. The main purpose of this work is calculating the ground-state energies of  12H and  24He through the two-body system with the exchange of mesons (π, σ, and ω) that mediated between two nucleons. This paper investigates the NN interaction based on the quasirelativistic decoupled Dirac equation and self-consistent Hartree-Fock formulation. We construct a one-boson exchange potential (OBEP) model, where each nucleon is treated as a Dirac particle and acts as a source of pseudoscalar, scalar, and vector fields. The potential in the present work is analytically derived with two static functions of meson, the single-particle energy-dependent (SPED) and generalized Yukawa (GY) functions; the parameters used in meson functions are just published ones (mass, coupling constant, and cutoff parameters). The theoretical results are compared to other theoretical models and their corresponding experimental data; one can see that the SPED function gives more satisfied agreement than the GY function in the case of the considered nuclei.

Description: We compute the asymmetric and symmetric correlation functions of a four-point amplitude of a gauge field, a scalar field, and a closed string Ramond-Ramond (RR) for different nonvanishing BPS branes. All world volume, the Taylor and pull-back couplings, and their all-order α′ corrections have also been explored. Due to various symmetry structures, different restricted BPS Bianchi identities have also been constructed. The prescription of exploring all the corrections of two closed string RR couplings in type IIB is given. We obtain the closed form of the entire S-matrix elements of two closed string RRs and a gauge field on the world volume of BPS branes in type IIB. All the correlation functions of VA0x1VC−1z1,z¯1VC−1z2,z¯2 are also revealed accordingly. The algebraic forms for the most general case of the integrations ∫d2zz−iaz+ibz−z¯cz+z¯d on the upper half plane are derived in terms of Pochhammer and some analytic functions. Lastly, we generate various singularity structures in both effective field theory and IIB string theory, producing different contact interactions as well as their α′ higher derivative corrections.

Description: The particle content of the Singh-Hagen model (SH) in D dimensions is revisited. We suggest a complete set of spin-projection operators acting on totally symmetric rank-3 fields. We give a general expression for the propagator and determine the coefficients of the SH model confirming previous results of the literature. Adding source terms, we provide a unitarity analysis in D dimensions. In addition, we have also analyzed the positivity of the massless Hamiltonian.

Description: It appears that having our own brane to somehow interact with other branes could give rise to quite an interesting system and that interaction could lead to some observable effects. We consider the question of whether or not these signatures of interaction between the branes can be observed. To answer this question, we investigate the effect induced by the inflaton in the WMAP7 data using the warm inflationary model. In this model, slow-roll and perturbation parameters are given in terms of the inflaton thermal distribution. We show that this distribution depends on the orbital radius of the brane motion under the interaction potential of other branes in extra dimensions. Thus, an enhancement in the brane inflation can be a signature of an orbital motion in extra dimensions, and consequently, some signals of other branes can be detected by observational data. According to experimental data, the N≃50 case leads to ns≃0.96, where N and ns are the number of e-folds and the spectral index, respectively. This standard case may be found in the range 0.01

Description: Study of charged particle multiplicity distribution in high-energy interactions of particles helps in revealing the dynamics of particle production and the underlying statistical patterns, by which these distributions follow. Several distributions derived from statistics have been employed to understand its behaviour. In one of our earlier papers, we introduced the shifted Gompertz distribution to investigate this variable and showed that the multiplicity distributions in a variety of processes at different energies can be very well described by this distribution. The fact that the shifted Gompertz distribution, which has been extensively used in diffusion theory, social networking and forecasting, has been used for the first time in high-energy physics collisions remains interesting. In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of oscillatory behaviour of the counting statistics observed in the high-energy experimental data, resulting from different types of recurrence relations defining the probability distributions. We search for such oscillations in the multiplicity distributions well described by the shifted Gompertz distribution and look for retrieval of additional valuable information from these distributions.

Description: In different approaches, the temperature-baryon density plane of QCD matter is studied for deconfinement and chemical freezeout boundaries. Results from various heavy-ion experiments are compared with the recent lattice simulations, the effective QCD-like Polyakov linear-sigma model, and the equilibrium thermal models. Along the entire freezeout boundary, there is an excellent agreement between the thermal model calculations and the experiments. Also, the thermal model calculations agree well with the estimations deduced from the Polyakov linear-sigma model (PLSM). At low baryonic density or high energies, both deconfinement and chemical freezeout boundaries are likely coincident, and therefore, the agreement with the lattice simulations becomes excellent as well, while at large baryonic density, the two boundaries become distinguishable forming a phase where hadrons and quark-gluon plasma likely coexist.

Description: As one of the possible signals for the whereabouts of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram, recently, the multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions have aroused much attention. It is a crucial observation of the Beam Energy Scan program of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In this work, we investigate the centrality dependence of the multiplicity fluctuations regarding the recent measurements from STAR Collaboration. By employing a hydrodynamical approach, the present study is dedicated to the noncritical aspects of the phenomenon. To be specific, in addition to the thermal fluctuations, finite volume corrections, and resonance decay at the freeze-out surface, the model is focused on the properties of the hydrodynamic expansion of the system and the event-by-event initial fluctuations. It is understood that the real signal of the critical point can only be obtained after appropriately subtracting the background; the latter is investigated in the present work. Besides the experimental data, our results are also compared to those of the hadronic resonance gas, as well as the transport models.