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  • Advances in High Energy Physics  (201)
  • 92585
  • 1
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    Massive Conformal Gravity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: We construct a massive theory of gravity that is invariant under conformal transformations. The massive action of the theory depends on the metric tensor and a scalar field, which are considered the only field variables. We find the vacuum field equations of the theory and analyze its weak-field approximation and Newtonian limit.
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  • 2
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    Dirac Equation under Scalar and Vector Generalized Isotonic Oscillators and Cornell Tensor Interaction (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Description: Spin and pseudospin symmetries of Dirac equation are solved under scalar and vector generalized isotonic oscillators and Cornell potential as a tensor interaction for arbitrary quantum number via the analytical ansatz approach. The spectrum of the system is numerically reported for typical values of the potential parameters.
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  • 3
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    Angular Dependence of Meson Production for Different Photon Beam Energies (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: The dependence of -meson photoproduction on the polar angle is investigated in the framework of a multisource thermal model. We present a detailed comparison between our results and experimental data of the neutral decay mode in the reaction . The results are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the movement factor increases linearly with the photon beam energies.
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  • 4
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    Quantum-Spacetime Scenarios and Soft Spectral Lags of the Remarkable GRB130427A (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: We process the Fermi LAT data on GRB130427A using the Fermi Science Tools, and we summarize some of the key facts that render this observation truly remarkable. We then perform a search of spectral lags, of the type that has been of interest for its relevance in quantum-spacetime research. We do find some evidence of systematic soft spectral lags: when confining the analysis to photons of energies greater than 5 GeV there is an early hard development of minibursts within the burst. The effect is well characterized by a linear dependence, within such a miniburst, of the detection time on energy. We also observe that some support for these features is noticeable also in earlier Fermi-LAT GRBs. Some aspects of the comparison of these features for GRBs at different redshifts could be described within a quantum-spacetime picture, but taking into account results previously obtained by other studies we favour the interpretation as intrinsic properties of GRBs. Even if our spectral lags do turn out to have astrophysical origin their understanding will be important for quantum-spacetime research, since any attempt to reveal minute quantum-spacetime-induced spectral lags evidently requires a good understanding of intrinsic mechanisms at the sources that can produce spectral lags.
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  • 5
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    Milli-Interacting Dark Matter Interpretation of the Direct-Search Experiments (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: We reinterpret the results of the direct searches for dark matter in terms of milli-interacting dark particles. The model reproduces the positive results from DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT and is consistent with the absence of signal in the XENON100, CDMS-II/Ge, and LUX detectors. Dark atoms, interacting with standard atoms through a kinetic mixing between photons and dark photons and a mass mixing of mesons with dark scalars, diffuse elastically in terrestrial matter where they deposit all their energy. Reaching underground detectors through gravity at thermal energies, they form bound states with nuclei of the active medium by radiative capture, which causes the emission of photons that produce the observed signals. The parameter space of the model is explored and regions reproducing the results at the 2 level are obtained for each experiment.
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  • 6
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    Search for the Anomalous Interactions of Up-Type Heavy Quarks in Collision at the LHC (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: We investigate the anomalous interactions of heavy up-type quark in a collision at the LHC. We have obtained 95% confidence level (CL) limit of () anomalous coupling by taking into account three forward detector acceptances: , , and .
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  • 7
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    Neutrino Oscillations (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: In the last decades, a very important breakthrough has been brought about in the elementary particle physics by the discovery of the phenomenon of the neutrino oscillations, which has shown neutrino properties beyond the Standard Model. But a full understanding of the various aspects of the neutrino oscillations is far to be achieved. In this paper the theoretical background of the neutrino oscillation phenomenon is described, referring in particular to the paradigmatic models. Then the various techniques and detectors which studied neutrinos from different sources are discussed, starting from the pioneering ones up to the detectors still in operation and to those in preparation. The physics results are finally presented adopting the same research path which has been crossed by this long saga. The problems not yet fixed in this field are discussed, together with the perspectives of their solutions in the near future.
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  • 8
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    Necessity of Dark Energy from Thermodynamic Arguments (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: Considering the cosmic fluid as a quasi-static thermodynamic system, the status of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is investigated and the valid range of the equation of state parameter is derived for a few important cosmological models. Our study shows that the satisfaction of the laws of thermodynamics in these cosmological models requires the existence of some kind of energy in our universe with . In other words, the existence of a dark energy component, or equivalently modified gravity theory, is unavoidable if the cosmological model is to approach thermal equilibrium in late times.
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  • 9
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    The NOMAD Experiment at CERN (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: The purpose of this paper is to review the experimental apparatus and some physics results from the NOMAD (neutrino oscillation magnetic detector) experiment which took data in the CERN wide-band neutrino beam from 1995 to 1998. It collected and reconstructed more than one million charged current (CC) events with an accuracy which was previously obtained only with bubble chambers. The main aim of the experiment was to search for the oscillation into , in a region of mass compatible with the prescriptions of the hot dark matter hypothesis, which predicted a mass in the range of 1–10 eV/c2. This was done by searching for CC interactions, observing the production of the lepton through its various decay modes by using kinematical criteria. In parallel, NOMAD also strongly contributed to the study of more conventional processes: quasielastic events, strangeness production and charm dimuon production, single photon production, and coherent neutral pion production. Exotic searches were also investigated. The paper reviews the neutrino beam, the detector setup, the detector performances, the neutrino oscillation results, the strangeness production, the dimuon charm production, and summarizes other pieces of research.
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  • 10
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    Cyclotrons as Drivers for Precision Neutrino Measurements (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Description: As we enter the age of precision measurement in neutrino physics, improved flux sources are required. These must have a well defined flavor content with energies in ranges where backgrounds are low and cross-section knowledge is high. Very few sources of neutrinos can meet these requirements. However, pion/muon and isotope decay-at-rest sources qualify. The ideal drivers for decay-at-rest sources are cyclotron accelerators, which are compact and relatively inexpensive. This paper describes a scheme to produce decay-at-rest sources driven by such cyclotrons, developed within the DAEALUS program. Examples of the value of the high precision beams for pursuing Beyond Standard Model interactions are reviewed. New results on a combined DAEALUS—Hyper-K search for CP violation that achieve errors on the mixing matrix parameter of 4° to 12° are presented.
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  • 11
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    Physics Potential of Long-Baseline Experiments (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: The discovery of neutrino mixing and oscillations over the past decade provides firm evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Recently, has been determined to be moderately large, quite close to its previous upper bound. This represents a significant milestone in establishing the three-flavor oscillation picture of neutrinos. It has opened up exciting prospects for current and future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments towards addressing the remaining fundamental questions, in particular the type of the neutrino mass hierarchy and the possible presence of a CP-violating phase. Another recent and crucial development is the indication of non-maximal 2-3 mixing angle, causing the octant ambiguity of . In this paper, I will review the phenomenology of long-baseline neutrino oscillations with a special emphasis on sub-leading three-flavor effects, which will play a crucial role in resolving these unknowns. First, I will give a brief description of neutrino oscillation phenomenon. Then, I will discuss our present global understanding of the neutrino mass-mixing parameters and will identify the major unknowns in this sector. After that, I will present the physics reach of current generation long-baseline experiments. Finally, I will conclude with a discussion on the physics capabilities of accelerator-driven possible future long-baseline precision oscillation facilities.
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  • 12
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    Radio-Wave Propagation in Salt Domes: Implications for a UHE Cosmic Neutrino Detector (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: Salt deposits can be used as a natural dielectric medium for a UHE cosmic neutrino radio detector. Such a detector relies on the capability of reconstructing the initial characteristics of the cosmic neutrino from the measured radio electrical field produced at neutrino’s interaction in salt by the subsequent particle shower. A rigorous characterization of the propagation medium becomes compulsory. It is shown here that the amplitude of the electric field vector is attenuated by almost 90% after 100 m of propagation in a typical salt rock volume. The heterogeneities in salt also determine the minimal uncertainty (estimated at 19%) and the resolution of the detector.
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  • 13
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    Dark Photon Searches Using Displaced Vertices at Low Energy Colliders (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: The existence of a new, photon-like, massive particle, the or dark photon, is postulated in several extensions of the Standard Model. These models are often advocated to explain some recent puzzling astrophysical observations, as well as to solve the so far unexplained deviation between the measured and calculated values of the muon anomaly. Dark photons can be produced at colliders both in continuum events and in vector meson transitions and can eventually decay into an electron-positron pair. For a proper choice of the parameters of the theory, a can have a relatively long lifetime and can therefore be observed as an vertex well separated by the primary interaction point. This case is discussed in reference to very high luminosity colliders either in construction or under study in several laboratories in the world. It is shown that a search strategy based on the detection of displaced vertices can be in principle very effective in covering a rather wide and to date unexplored region of the theoretical parameters space.
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  • 14
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    Phase Transitions, Geometrothermodynamics, and Critical Exponents of Black Holes with Conformal Anomaly (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: We investigate the phase transitions of black holes with conformal anomaly in canonical ensemble. Some interesting and novel phase transition phenomena have been discovered. It is shown that there are striking differences in both Hawking temperature and phase structure between black holes with conformal anomaly and those without it. Moreover, we probe in detail the dependence of phase transitions on the choice of parameters. The results show that black holes with conformal anomaly have much richer phase structure than those without it. There would be two, only one, or no phase transition points depending on the parameters. The corresponding parameter regions are derived both numerically and graphically. Geometrothermodynamics are built up to examine the phase structure we have discovered. It is shown that Legendre invariant thermodynamic scalar curvature diverges exactly where the specific heat diverges. Furthermore, critical behaviors are investigated by calculating the relevant critical exponents. And we prove that these critical exponents satisfy the thermodynamic scaling laws.
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  • 15
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    Remarks on Remnants by Fermions’ Tunnelling from Black Strings (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Hawking’s calculation is unable to predict the final stage of the black hole evaporation. When effects of quantum gravity are taken into account, there is a minimal observable length. In this paper, we investigate fermions’ tunnelling from the charged and rotating black strings. With the influence of the generalized uncertainty principle, the Hawking temperatures are not only determined by the rings, but also affected by the quantum numbers of the emitted fermions. Quantum gravity corrections slow down the increases of the temperatures, which naturally leads to remnants left in the evaporation.
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  • 16
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    Entropy Spectrum of a KS Black Hole in IR Modified Hořava-Lifshitz Gravity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: As a renormalizable theory of gravity, Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, might be an ultraviolet completion of general relativity and reduces to Einstein gravity with a nonvanishing cosmological constant in infrared. Kehagias and Sfetsos obtained a static spherically symmetric black hole solution called KS black hole in the IR modified Hořava-Lifshitz theory. In this paper, the entropy spectrum and area spectrum of a KS black hole are investigated based on the proposal of adiabatic invariant quantity. By calculating the action of producing a pair of particles near the horizon, it is obtained that the action of the system is exactly equivalent to the change of black hole entropy, which is an adiabatic invariant quantity. With the help of Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule, it is concluded that the entropy spectrum is discrete and equidistant spaced and the area spectrum is not equidistant spaced, which depends on the parameter of gravity theory. Some summary and discussion will be given in the last.
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  • 17
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    Gravity/Fluid Correspondence and Its Application on Bulk Gravity with Gauge Field (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: As the long wavelength limit of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the gravity/fluid correspondence has been shown to be a useful tool for extracting properties of the fluid on the boundary dual to the gravity in the bulk. In this paper, after briefly reviewing the algorithm of gravity/fluid correspondence, we discuss the results of its application on bulk gravity with a gauge field. In the presence of a gauge field, the dual fluid possesses more interesting properties such as its charge current. Furthermore, an external field could affect the charge current, and the Chern-Simons term also induces extra structures to the dual current giving anomalous transport coefficients.
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  • 18
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    Thomas-Fermi Model in the Presence of Natural Cutoffs (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-29
    Description: It has been revealed, in the context of quantum gravity candidates, that measurement of position cannot be done with arbitrary precision and there is a finite resolution of space-time points. This leads naturally to a minimal measurable length of the order of Planck length. Also, in the context of newly proposed doubly special relativity theories, a test particle’s momentum cannot be arbitrarily imprecise leading nontrivially to a maximal momentum for a test particle. These two natural cutoffs affects most of quantum field theoretic arguments in the spirit of condensed matter physics. Here we focus on the role of these natural cutoffs on Thomas-Fermi theory in condensed matter physics. We show how quantum gravity effects can play important role phenomenologically in many-body interactions of solids.
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  • 19
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    Analysis of Scalar Field Cosmology with Phase Space Deformations (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: Phase space deformations on scalar field cosmology are studied. The deformation is introduced by modifying the symplectic structure of the minisuperspace variables. The effects of the deformation are studied in the “C-frame” and the “NC-frame.” In order to remove the ambiguities of working on different frames, a new principle is introduced. When we impose that both frames should be physically equivalent, we conclude that the only possibility for this model, is to have an effective cosmological constant . Finally we bound the parameter space for and .
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  • 20
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    The WArP Experiment: A Double-Phase Argon Detector for Dark Matter Searches (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: Cryogenic noble liquids emerged in the previous decade as one of the best media to perform WIMP dark matter searches, in particular due to the possibility to scale detector volumes to multiton sizes. The WArP experiment was then developed as one of the first to implement the idea of coupling Argon in liquid and gas phase, in order to discriminate -interactions from nuclear recoils and then achieve reliable background rejection. Since its construction, other projects spawned, employing Argon and Xenon and following its steps. The WArP 100l detector was assembled in 2008 at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories (LNGS), as the final step of a years-long R&D programme, aimed at characterising the technology of Argon in double phase for dark matter detection. Though it never actually performed a physics run, a technical run was taken in 2011, to characterise the detector response.
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  • 21
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    Application of AdS/CFT in Nuclear Physics (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: We review some recent progress in studying the nuclear physics especially nucleon-nucleon (NN) force within the gauge-gravity duality, in context of noncritical string theory. Our main focus is on the holographic QCD model based on the AdS6 background. We explain the noncritical holography model and obtain the vector-meson spectrum and pion decay constant. Also, we study the NN interaction in this frame and calculate the nucleonmeson coupling constants. A further topic covered is a toy model for calculating the light nuclei potential. In particular, we calculate the light nuclei binding energies and also excited energies of some available excited states. We compare our results with the results of other nuclear models and also with the experimental data. Moreover, we describe some other issues which are studied using the gauge-gravity duality.
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  • 22
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    Particle Production at CBM Energies in a Thermal Model Approach (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-05
    Description: The compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiment planned at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will provide a major scientific effort for exploring the properties of strongly interacting matter in the high baryon density regime. One of the important goals behind such experiment is to precisely determine the equation of state (EOS) for the strongly interacting matter at extremely large baryon density. In this paper, we have used some successful models for RHIC and LHC energies to predict different particle ratios and the total multiplicity of various hadrons in the CBM energy range, that is, from 10 A GeV to 40 A GeV lab energies, which corresponds to 4.43 A GeV and 8.71 A GeV center-of-mass energies. Our main emphasis is to estimate the strange particles enhancement as well as an increase in the net baryon density at CBM experiment. We have also compared the model results with the experimental data obtained at alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS) and super proton synchrotron (SPS).
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  • 23
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    New Developments in Cosmology and Gravitation from Extended Theories of General Relativity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-04
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    Amplifying the Hawking Signal in BECs (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-28
    Description: We consider simple models of Bose-Einstein condensates to study analog pair-creation effects, namely, the Hawking effect from acoustic black holes and the dynamical Casimir effect in rapidly time-dependent backgrounds. We also focus on a proposal by Cornell to amplify the Hawking signal in density-density correlators by reducing the atoms’ interactions shortly before measurements are made.
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    Inflation and Topological Phase Transition Driven by Exotic Smoothness (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: We will discuss a model which describes the cause of inflation by a topological transition. The guiding principle is the choice of an exotic smoothness structure for the space-time. Here we consider a space-time with topology . In case of an exotic , there is a change in the spatial topology from a 3-sphere to a homology 3-sphere which can carry a hyperbolic structure. From the physical point of view, we will discuss the path integral for the Einstein-Hilbert action with respect to a decomposition of the space-time. The inclusion of the boundary terms produces fermionic contributions to the partition function. The expectation value of an area (with respect to some surface) shows an exponential increase; that is, we obtain inflationary behavior. We will calculate the amount of this increase to be a topological invariant. Then we will describe this transition by an effective model, the Starobinski or model which is consistent with the current measurement of the Planck satellite. The spectral index and other observables are also calculated.
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    Warm Inflation with Nonminimal Derivative Coupling (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-28
    Description: We study the effects of the nonminimal derivative coupling on the dissipative dynamics of the warm inflation where the scalar field is nonminimally coupled to gravity via its kinetic term. We present a detailed calculation of the cosmological perturbations in this setup. We use the recent observational data from the joint data set of WMAP9 + BAO + and also the Planck satellite data to constrain our model parameters for natural and chaotic inflation potentials. We study also the levels of non-Gaussianity in this warm inflation model and we confront the result with recent observational data from the Planck satellite.
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    Lepton Flavour Violation Experiments (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: Lepton Flavour Violation in the charged lepton sector (CLFV) is forbidden in the Minimal Standard model and strongly suppressed in extensions of the model to include finite neutrino mixing. On the other hand, a wide class of Supersymmetric theories, even coupled with Grand Unification models (SUSY-GUT models), predict CLFV processes at a rate within the reach of new experimental searches operated with high resolution detectors at high intensity accelerators. As the Standard model background is negligible, the observation of one or more CLFV events would provide incontrovertible evidence for physics beyond Standard model, while a null effect would severely constrain the set of theory parameters. Therefore, a big experimental effort is currently (and will be for incoming years) accomplished to achieve unprecedented sensitivity on several CLFV processes. In this paper we review past and recent results in this research field, with focus on CLFV channels involving muons and tau's. We present currently operating experiments as well as future projects, with emphasis laid on how sensitivity enhancements are accompanied by improvements on detection techniques. Limitations due to systematic effects are also discussed in detail together with the solutions being adopted to overcome them.
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    Theory and Phenomenology of Space-Time Defects (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: Whether or not space-time is fundamentally discrete is of central importance for the development of the theory of quantum gravity. If the fundamental description of spacetime is discrete, typically represented in terms of a graph or network, then the apparent smoothness of geometry on large scales should be imperfect—it should have defects. Here, we review a model for space-time defects and summarize the constraints on the prevalence of these defects that can be derived from observation.
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  • 29
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    Black Holes and Quantum Mechanics (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: We look at black holes from different, novel perspectives.
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    Hulthén and Coulomb-Like Potentials as a Tensor Interaction within the Relativistic Symmetries of the Manning-Rosen Potential (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: The bound-state solutions of the Dirac equation for the Manning-Rosen potential are presented approximately for arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number with the Hulthén and Coulomb-like potentials as a tensor interaction. The generalized parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method is used to obtain energy eigenvalues and corresponding two-component spinors of the two Dirac particles and these are obtained in the closed form by using the framework of the spin symmetry and p-spin symmetry concept. We have also shown that tensor interaction removes degeneracies between spin and p-spin doublets. Some numerical results are also given.
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    Heisenberg Algebra in the Bargmann-Fock Space with Natural Cutoffs (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-03
    Description: We construct a Heisenberg algebra in Bargmann-Fock space in the presence of natural cutoffs encoded as minimal length, minimal momentum, and maximal momentum through a generalized uncertainty principle.
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    Hawking Radiation-Quasi-Normal Modes Correspondence and Effective States for Nonextremal Reissner-Nordström Black Holes (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-12
    Description: It is known that the nonstrictly thermal character of the Hawking radiation spectrum harmonizes Hawking radiation with black hole (BH) quasi-normal modes (QNM). This paramount issue has been recently analyzed in the framework of both Schwarzschild BHs (SBH) and Kerr BHs (KBH). In this assignment, we generalize the analysis to the framework of nonextremal Reissner-Nordström BHs (RNBH). Such a generalization is important because in both Schwarzschild and Kerr BHs an absorbed (emitted) particle has only mass. Instead, in RNBH the particle has charge as well as mass. In doing so, we expose that, for the RNBH, QNMs can be naturally interpreted in terms of quantum levels for both particle emission and absorption. Conjointly, we generalize some concepts concerning the RNBH's “effective states.”
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    Dark Atoms and the Positron-Annihilation-Line Excess in the Galactic Bulge (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: It was recently proposed that stable particles of charge −2, , can exist and constitute dark matter after they bind with primordial helium in O-helium (OHe) atoms. We study here in detail the possibility that this model provides an explanation for the excess of gamma radiation in the positron-annihilation line from the galactic bulge observed by INTEGRAL. This explanation assumes that OHe, excited to a 2s state through collisions in the central part of the Galaxy, deexcites to its ground state via an transition, emitting an electron-positron pair. The cross-section for OHe collisions with excitation to 2s level is calculated and it is shown that the rate of such excitations in the galactic bulge strongly depends not only on the mass of O-helium, which is determined by the mass of , but also on the density and velocity distribution of dark matter. Given the astrophysical uncertainties on these distributions, this mechanism constrains the mass to lie in two possible regions. One of these is reachable in the experimental searches for stable multicharged particles at the LHC.
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    Sensitivity on the Dipole Moments of the -Neutrino at Colliders: ILC and CLIC (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-27
    Description: We study the sensitivity on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the -neutrino at a high-energy and high-luminosity linear electron positron collider, such as the ILC or CLIC, through the reaction . We obtain limits on the dipole moments at the future linear colliders energies. For integrated luminosities of 500 fb−1 and center of mass energies between 0.5 and 3 TeV, the future colliders may improve the existing limits by two or three orders of magnitude.
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    Challenges in Double Beta Decay (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-27
    Description: In the past ten years, neutrino oscillation experiments have provided the incontrovertible evidence that neutrinos mix and have finite masses. These results represent the strongest demonstration that the electroweak Standard Model is incomplete and that new Physics beyond it must exist. In this scenario, a unique role is played by the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay searches which can probe lepton number conservation and investigate the Dirac/Majorana nature of the neutrinos and their absolute mass scale (hierarchy problem) with unprecedented sensitivity. Today Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay faces a new era where large-scale experiments with a sensitivity approaching the so-called degenerate-hierarchy region are nearly ready to start and where the challenge for the next future is the construction of detectors characterized by a tonne-scale size and an incredibly low background. A number of new proposed projects took up this challenge. These are based either on large expansions of the present experiments or on new ideas to improve the technical performance and/or reduce the background contributions. In this paper, a review of the most relevant ongoing experiments is given. The most relevant parameters contributing to the experimental sensitivity are discussed and a critical comparison of the future projects is proposed.
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    Wormhole Solutions in the Presence of Nonlinear Maxwell Field (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-27
    Description: In generalizing the Maxwell field to nonlinear electrodynamics, we look for the magnetic solutions. We consider a suitable real metric with a lower bound on the radial coordinate and investigate the properties of the solutions. We find that in order to have a finite electromagnetic field near the lower bound, we should replace the Born-Infeld theory with another nonlinear electrodynamics theory. Also, we use the cut-and-paste method to construct wormhole structure. We generalize the static solutions to rotating spacetime and obtain conserved quantities.
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    Holographic Screens in Ultraviolet Self-Complete Quantum Gravity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-28
    Description: This paper studies the geometry and the thermodynamics of a holographic screen in the framework of the ultraviolet self-complete quantum gravity. To achieve this goal we construct a new static, neutral, nonrotating black hole metric, whose outer (event) horizon coincides with the surface of the screen. The spacetime admits an extremal configuration corresponding to the minimal holographic screen and having both mass and radius equalling the Planck units. We identify this object as the spacetime fundamental building block, whose interior is physically unaccessible and cannot be probed even during the Hawking evaporation terminal phase. In agreement with the holographic principle, relevant processes take place on the screen surface. The area quantization leads to a discrete mass spectrum. An analysis of the entropy shows that the minimal holographic screen can store only one byte of information, while in the thermodynamic limit the area law is corrected by a logarithmic term.
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    Neutrino Masses and Oscillations (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-31
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    Double-Differential Production Cross Sections of Charged Pions in Charged Pion Induced Nuclear Reactions at High Momentums (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-31
    Description: The double-differential production cross sections in interactions of charged pions on targets at high momentums are analyzed by using a multicomponent Erlang distribution which is obtained in the framework of a multisource thermal model. The calculated results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data at the incident momentums of 3, 5, 8, and 12 GeV/c measured by the HARP Collaboration. It is found that the source contributions to the mean momentum of charged particles and to the distribution width of particle momentums decrease with increase of the emission angle, and the source number and temperature do not show an obvious dependence on the emission angle of the considered particle.
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    Black Component of Dark Matter (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-31
    Description: A mechanism of primordial black hole formation with specific mass spectrum is discussed. It is shown that these black holes could contribute to the energy density of dark matter. Our approach is elaborated in the framework of universal extra dimensions.
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    NMC and the Fine-Tuning Problem on the Brane (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-31
    Description: We propose a new solution to the fine-tuning problem related to coupling constant of the potential. We study a quartic potential of the form in the framework of the Randall-Sundrum type II braneworld model in the presence of a Higgs field which interacts nonminimally with gravity via a possible interaction term of the form . Using the conformal transformation techniques, the slow-roll parameters in high energy limit are reformulated in the case of a nonminimally coupled scalar field. We show that, for some value of a coupling parameter and brane tension , we can eliminate the fine-tuning problem. Finally, we present graphically the solutions of several values of the free parameters of the model.
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    Halo-Independent Comparison of Direct Dark Matter Detection Data (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: We review the halo-independent formalism that allows comparing data from different direct dark matter detection experiments without making assumptions on the properties of the dark matter halo. We apply this method to spin-independent WIMP-nuclei interactions, for both isospin-conserving and isospin-violating couplings, and to WIMPs interacting through an anomalous magnetic moment.
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    MicroBlack Holes Thermodynamics in the Presence of Quantum Gravity Effects (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: Black hole thermodynamics is corrected in the presence of quantum gravity effects. Some phenomenological aspects of quantum gravity proposal can be addressed through generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) which provides a perturbation framework to perform required modifications of the black hole quantities. In this paper, we consider the effects of both a minimal measurable length and a maximal momentum on the thermodynamics of TeV-scale black holes. We then extend our study to the case that there are all natural cutoffs as minimal length, minimal momentum, and maximal momentum simultaneously. We also generalize our study to the model universes with large extra dimensions (LED). In this framework existence of black holes remnants as a possible candidate for dark matter is discussed. We study probability of black hole production in the Large Hadronic Collider (LHC) and we show this rate decreasing for sufficiently large values of the GUP parameter.
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    How Can the Modified Dispersion Relation Affect Friedmann Equations? (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: The appearance of the quantum gravitational effects in a very high energy regime necessitates some corrections to the thermodynamics of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. The modified dispersion relation (MDR) as a phenomenological approach to investigate the high energy physics provides a perturbation framework upon which the FRW universe thermodynamics can be corrected. In this letter, we obtain the corrected entropy-area relation of the apparent horizon of FRW universe by utilizing the extra dimensional form of MDR, leading to the modification of Friedmann equations. The influence of MDR on the Friedmann equations provides a good insight into the understanding of the FRW universe dynamics in the final quantum gravity theory.
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    Magnetic String with a Nonlinear Source (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-03
    Description: Considering the Einstein gravity in the presence of Born-Infeld type electromagnetic fields, we introduce a class of 4-dimensional static horizonless solutions which produce longitudinal magnetic fields. Although these solutions do not have any curvature singularity and horizon, there exists a conic singularity. We investigate the effects of nonlinear electromagnetic fields on the properties of the solutions and find that the asymptotic behavior of the solutions is adS. Next, we generalize the static metric to the case of rotating solutions and find that the value of the electric charge depends on the rotation parameter. Furthermore, conserved quantities will be calculated through the use of the counterterm method. Finally, we extend four-dimensional magnetic solutions to higher dimensional solutions. We present higher dimensional rotating magnetic branes with maximum rotation parameters and obtain their conserved quantities.
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    A New Flavor Symmetry in 3-3-1 Model with Neutral Fermions (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-03
    Description: A new S4 flavor model based on gauge symmetry responsible for fermion masses and mixings is constructed. The neutrinos get small masses from only an antisextet of SU(3)L which is in a doublet under S4. In this work, we assume the VEVs of the antisextet differ from each other under S4 and the difference of these VEVs is regarded as a small perturbation, and then the model can fit the experimental data on neutrino masses and mixings. Our results show that the neutrino masses are naturally small and a deviation from the tribimaximal neutrino mixing form can be realized. The quark masses and mixing matrix are also discussed. The number of required Higgs multiplets is less and the scalar potential of the model is simpler than those of the model based on S3 and our previous S4 model. The assignation of VEVs to antisextet leads to the mixing of the new gauge bosons and those in the standard model. The mixing in the charged gauge bosons as well as the neutral gauge bosons is considered.
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    Holographic Brownian Motion in Three-Dimensional Gödel Black Hole (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-03
    Description: By using the AdS/CFT correspondence and Gödel black hole background, we study the dynamics of heavy quark under a rotating plasma. In that case we follow Atmaja (2013) about Brownian motion in BTZ black hole. In this paper we receive some new results for the case of . In this case, we must redefine the angular velocity of string fluctuation. We obtain the time evolution of displacement square and angular velocity and show that it behaves as a Brownian particle in non relativistic limit. In this plasma, it seems that relating the Brownian motion to physical observables is rather a difficult work. But our results match with Atmaja work in the limit .
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    Studies of Three-Body Decay of to and to * (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: We investigate the and decay by using the Dalitz plot analysis. As we know there are tree, penguin, emission, and emission-annihilation diagrams for these decay modes in the factorization approach. The transition matrix element is factorized into a form factor multiplied by decay constant and also a form factor multiplied by decay constant. According to QCD factorization approach and using the Dalitz plot analysis, we calculate the branching ratios of the and three-body decay in view of the mixing and obtain the value of the , while the experimental results of them are and , respectively. In this research we also analyze the decay which is similar to the previous decay, but there is no experimental data for the last decay. Since for calculations of the decay we use assumptions of the decay, we hope that if this decay will be measured by the LHCb in the future, the experimental results will be in agreement with our calculations.
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    The Evolution-Dominated Hydrodynamic Model and the Pseudorapidity Distributions in High Energy Physics (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: By taking into account the effects of leading particles, we discuss the pseudorapidity distributions of the charged particles produced in high energy heavy ion collisions in the context of evolution-dominated hydrodynamic model. The leading particles are supposed to have a Gaussian rapidity distribution normalized to the number of participants. A comparison is made between the theoretical results and the experimental measurements performed by BRAHMS and PHOBOS Collaboration at BNL-RHIC in Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions at  GeV and by ALICE Collaboration at CERN-LHC in Pb-Pb collisions at  TeV.
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    Analyzing Black Hole Super-Radiance Emission of Particles/Energy from a Black Hole as a Gedankenexperiment to Get Bounds on the Mass of a Graviton (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: Use of super-radiance in BH physics, so specifies conditions for a mass of a graviton being less than or equal to 1065 grams, allows for determing what role additional dimensions may play in removing the datum that massive gravitons lead to 3/4th the bending of light past the planet Mercury. The present document makes a given differentiation between super-radiance in the case of conventional BHs and Braneworld BH super-radiance, which may delineate whether Braneworlds contribute to an admissible massive graviton in terms of removing the usual problem of the 3/4th the bending of light past the planet Mercury which is normally associated with massive gravitons. This leads to a fork in the road between two alternatives with the possibility of needing a multiverse containment of BH structure or embracing what Hawkings wrote up recently, namely, a redo of the event horizon hypothesis as we know it.
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    Hermitian -Freudenthal-Kantor Triple Systems and Certain Applications of *-Generalized Jordan Triple Systems to Field Theory (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: We define Hermitian -Freudenthal-Kantor triple systems and prove a structure theorem. We also give some examples of triple systems that are generalizations of the and Hermitian 3-algebras. We apply a -generalized Jordan triple system to a field theory and obtain a Chern-Simons gauge theory. We find that the novel Higgs mechanism works, where the Chern-Simons gauge theory reduces to a Yang-Mills theory in a certain limit.
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    A Field Theory with Curvature and Anticurvature (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-15
    Description: The present work is an attempt to construct a unified field theory in a space with curvature and anticurvature, the PAP-space. The theory is derived from an action principle and a Lagrangian density using a symmetric linear parameterized connection. Three different methods are used to explore physical contents of the theory obtained. Poisson’s equations for both material and charge distributions are obtained, as special cases, from the field equations of the theory. The theory is a pure geometric one in the sense that material distribution, charge distribution, gravitational and electromagnetic potentials, and other physical quantities are defined in terms of pure geometric objects of the structure used. In the case of pure gravity in free space, the spherical symmetric solution of the field equations gives the Schwarzschild exterior field. The weak equivalence principle is respected only in the case of pure gravity in free space; otherwise it is violated.
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    Probing Features of the Lee-Wick Quantum Electrodynamics (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: We discuss some aspects concerning the electromagnetic sector of the abelian Lee-Wick (LW) quantum electrodynamics (QED). Using the Dirac’s theory of constrained systems, the higher-order canonical quantization of the LW electromagnetism is performed. A quantum bound on the LW heavy mass is also estimated using the best known measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Finally, it is shown that magnetic monopoles can coexist peacefully in the LW scenario.
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    Semileptonic Transition of Tensor to Meson (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: Taking into account the two-gluon condensate corrections, the transition form factors of the semileptonic decay channel are calculated via three-point QCD sum rules. These form factors are used to estimate the decay width of the transition under consideration in both electron and muon channels. The obtained results can be used both in direct search for such decay channels at charm factories and in analysis of the Bc meson decay at LHC.
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    Reconstructions of Einstein-Aether Gravity from Ordinary and Entropy-Corrected Versions of Holographic and New Agegraphic Dark Energy Models (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-13
    Description: Here we briefly discuss the Einstein-Aether gravity theory by modification of Einstein-Hilbert action. We find the modified Friedmann equations and then from the equations we find the effective density and pressure for Einstein-Aether gravity sector. These can be treated as if dark energy provided some restrictions on the free function , where is proportional to . Assuming two types of the power law solutions of the scale factor, we have reconstructed the unknown function from HDE and NADE and their entropy-corrected versions (ECHDE and ECNADE). We also obtain the EoS parameter for Einstein-Aether gravity dark energy. For HDE and NADE, we have shown that the type I scale factor generates the quintessence scenario only and type II scale factor generates phantom scenario. But for ECHDE and ECNADE, both types of scale factors can accommodate the transition from quintessence to phantom stages; that is, phantom crossing is possible for entropy-corrected terms of HDE and NADE models. Finally, we show that the models are classically unstable.
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    Correspondence of Modified Gravity with Scalar Field Models (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-03
    Description: This paper is devoted to study the scalar field dark energy models by taking its different aspects in the framework of gravity. We consider flat FRW universe to construct the equation of state parameter governed by gravity. The stability of the model is discussed with the help of squared speed of sound parameter. It is found that models show quintessence behavior of the universe in stable as well as unstable modes. We also develop the correspondence of model with some scalar field dark energy models like quintessence, tachyonic field, k-essence, dilaton, hessence, and DBI-essence. The nature of scalar fields and corresponding scalar potentials is being analyzed in gravity graphically which show consistency with the present day observations about accelerated phenomenon.
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    Probing the Top Quark Flavour-Changing Neutral Current at a Future Electron-Positron Collider (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-04
    Description: We present a study to examine the sensitivity of a future collider to the anomalous top flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) to the gluon. To separate signal from background a multivariate analysis is performed on top quark pair and background events, where one top quark is considered to follow the dominant standard model (SM) decay, , and the other top decays through FCNC, , where is a - or a -quark. The analysis of fully hadronic FCNC decay of the pair is also presented. The 95% confidence level limits on the top quark anomalous couplings are obtained for different values of the center-of-mass energies and integrated luminosities.
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    Spherically Symmetric Solution in (1+4)-Dimensional Gravity Theories (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: A nondiagonal spherically symmetric tetrad field, involving four unknown functions of radial coordinate plus an angle , which is a generalization of the azimuthal angle , is applied to the field equations of (1+4)-dimensional gravity theory. A special vacuum solution with one constant of integration is derived. The physical meaning of this constant is shown to be related to the gravitational mass of the system and the associated metric represents Schwarzschild in (1+4)-dimension. The scalar torsion related to this solution vanishes. We put the derived solution in a matrix form and rewrite it as a product of three matrices: the first represents a rotation while the second represents an inertia and the third matrix is the diagonal square root of Schwarzschild spacetime in (1+4)-dimension.
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    Development of a Liquid Scintillator Using Water for a Next Generation Neutrino Experiment (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-28
    Description: A feasibility study on a new type of liquid scintillator based on water has been performed. Mainly due to the differences in polarities between water and oil, organic solvents are not mixed in water. In order to make a liquid scintillator based on water, a surfactant that contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups is used. The surfactant keeps water and organic solvents apart in solution. Good physical and optical parameters and long-term stability are required to use liquid scintillator based on water in massive detector for the next generation neutrino experiments. In this paper, we report the characteristics and the possibility of liquid scintillators using water with various new surfactants.
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    Investigation of the Rare Exclusive Decays in the Framework of the QCD Sum Rules (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-28
    Description: Exclusive decay is studied in the framework of the three-point QCD sum rules approach. The two gluon condensate contributions to the correlation function are calculated and the form factors of this transition are found. The decay width and total branching ratio for this decay are also calculated.
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    Fractional Quantum Field Theory: From Lattice to Continuum (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-31
    Description: An approach to formulate fractional field theories on unbounded lattice space-time is suggested. A fractional-order analog of the lattice quantum field theories is considered. Lattice analogs of the fractional-order 4-dimensional differential operators are proposed. We prove that continuum limit of the suggested lattice field theory gives a fractional field theory for the continuum 4-dimensional space-time. The fractional field equations, which are derived from equations for lattice space-time with long-range properties of power-law type, contain the Riesz type derivatives on noninteger orders with respect to space-time coordinates.
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    A Systematic Study of Magnetic Field in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions in the RHIC and LHC Energy Regions (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-27
    Description: The features of magnetic field in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are systematically studied by using a modified magnetic field model in this paper. The features of magnetic field distributions in the central point are studied in the RHIC and LHC energy regions. We also predict the feature of magnetic fields at LHC , 2760, and 7000 GeV based on the detailed study at RHIC , 130, and 200 GeV. The dependencies of the features of magnetic fields on the collision energies, centralities, and collision time are systematically investigated, respectively.
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    Testing a Dilaton Gravity Model Using Nucleosynthesis (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-28
    Description: Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) offers one of the most strict evidences for the -CDM cosmology at present, as well as the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. In this work, our main aim is to present the outcomes of our calculations related to primordial abundances of light elements, in the context of higher dimensional steady-state universe model in the dilaton gravity. Our results show that abundances of light elements (primordial D, 3He, 4He, T, and 7Li) are significantly different for some cases, and a comparison is given between a particular dilaton gravity model and -CDM in the light of the astrophysical observations.
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    On Descriptions of Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra in High Energy Collisions (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-29
    Description: The transverse momentum spectra obtained in the frame of an isotropic emission source are compared in terms of Tsallis, Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein distributions and the Tsallis forms of the latter three standard distributions. It is obtained that, at a given set of parameters, the standard distributions show a narrower shape than their Tsallis forms which result in wide and/or multicomponent spectra with the Tsallis distribution in between. A comparison among the temperatures obtained from the distributions is made with a possible relation to the Boltzmann temperature. An example of the angular distributions of projectile fragments in nuclear collisions is given.
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    Residual Symmetries Applied to Neutrino Oscillations at NOA and T2K (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: The results previously obtained from the model-independent application of a generalized hidden horizontal symmetry to the neutrino mass matrix are updated using the latest global fits for the neutrino oscillation parameters. The resulting prediction for the Dirac phase is in agreement with recent results from T2K. The distribution for the Jarlskog invariant has become sharper and appears to be approaching a particular region. The approximate effects of matter on long-baseline neutrino experiments are explored, and it is shown how the weak interactions between the neutrinos and the particles that make up the Earth can help to determine the mass hierarchy. A similar strategy is employed to show how NOA and T2K could determine the octant of . Finally, the exact effects of matter are obtained numerically in order to make comparisons with the form of the approximate solutions. From this analysis there emerge some interesting features of the effective mass eigenvalues.
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    Gravitational Resonance Spectroscopy with an Oscillating Magnetic Field Gradient in the GRANIT Flow through Arrangement (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: Gravitational resonance spectroscopy consists in measuring the energy spectrum of bouncing ultracold neutrons above a mirror by inducing resonant transitions between different discrete quantum levels. We discuss how to induce the resonances with a flow through arrangement in the GRANIT spectrometer, excited by an oscillating magnetic field gradient. The spectroscopy could be realized in two distinct modes (so called DC and AC) using the same device to produce the magnetic excitation. We present calculations demonstrating the feasibility of the newly proposed AC mode.
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    Magnetized Anisotropic Dark Energy Models in Barber’s Second Self-Creation Theory (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: The present paper deals with Bianchi type IX cosmological model with magnetized anisotropic dark energy by using Barber’s self-creation theory. The energy momentum tensor consists of anisotropic fluid with EoS parameter and a uniform magnetic field of energy density . In order to obtain the exact solution we have assumed that dark energy components and the components of magnetic field interact minimally and obey the law of conservation of energy momentum tensors. We have also used the special law of variation for the mean generalized Hubble parameter and power law relation between scalar field and scale factor. Some physical and kinematical properties of the models have been discussed.
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    Tests of Lorentz Symmetry in Single Beta Decay (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: Low-energy experiments studying single beta decay can serve as sensitive probes of Lorentz invariance that can complement interferometric searches for deviations from this spacetime symmetry. Experimental signatures of a dimension-three operator for Lorentz violation which are unobservable in neutrino oscillations are described for the decay of polarized and unpolarized neutrons as well as for measurements of the spectral endpoint in beta decay.
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    Chemical Evolution of Strongly Interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-25
    Description: At very initial stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions a wave of quark-gluon matter is produced from the break-up of the strong color electric field and then thermalizes at a short time scale (1 fm/c). However, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) system is far out of chemical equilibrium, especially for the heavy quarks which are supposed to reach chemical equilibrium much late. In this paper a continuing quark production picture for strongly interacting QGP system is derived, using the quark number susceptibilities and the equation of state; both of them are from the results calculated by the Wuppertal-Budapest lattice QCD collaboration. We find that the densities of light quarks increase by 75% from the temperature  MeV to  MeV, while the density of strange quark annihilates by 18% in the temperature region. We also offer a discussion on how this late production of quarks affects the final charge-charge correlations.
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    Identification of Parton Pairs in a Dijet Event and Investigation of Its Effects on Dijet Resonance Search (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-22
    Description: Being able to distinguish parton pair type in a dijet event could significantly improve the search for new particles that are predicted by the theories beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider. To explore whether parton pair types manifesting themselves as a dijet event could be distinguished on an event-by-event basis, I performed a simulation based study considering observable jet variables. I found that using a multivariate approach can filter out about 80% of the other parton pairs while keeping more than half of the quark-quark or gluon-gluon parton pairs in an inclusive QCD dijet distribution. The effects of event-by-event parton pair tagging for dijet resonance searches were also investigated and I found that improvement on signal significance after applying parton pair tagging can reach up to 4 times for gluon-gluon resonances.
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    Perihelion Precession and Deflection of Light in the General Spherically Symmetric Spacetime (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-25
    Description: The perihelion precession and deflection of light have been investigated in the 4-dimensional general spherically symmetric spacetime, and the master equation is obtained. As the application of this master equation, the Reissner-Nordstorm-AdS solution and Clifton-Barrow solution in gravity have been taken as examples. We find that both the electric charge and gravity can affect the perihelion precession and deflection of light, while the cosmological constant can only effect the perihelion precession. Moreover, we clarify a subtlety in the deflection of light in the solar system that the possible sun’s electric charge is usually used to interpret the gap between the experiment data and theoretical result. However, after also considering the effect from the sun’s same electric charge on the perihelion precession of Mercury, we can find that it is not the truth.
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    Novel Quantum Encryption Algorithm Based on Multiqubit Quantum Shift Register and Hill Cipher (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-25
    Description: Based on a quantum shift register, a novel quantum block cryptographic algorithm that can be used to encrypt classical messages is proposed. The message is encoded and decoded by using a code generated by the quantum shift register. The security of this algorithm is analysed in detail. It is shown that, in the quantum block cryptographic algorithm, two keys can be used. One of them is the classical key that is used in the Hill cipher algorithm where Alice and Bob use the authenticated Diffie Hellman key exchange algorithm using the concept of digital signature for the authentication of the two communicating parties and so eliminate the man-in-the-middle attack. The other key is generated by the quantum shift register and used for the coding of the encryption message, where Alice and Bob share the key by using the BB84 protocol. The novel algorithm can prevent a quantum attack strategy as well as a classical attack strategy. The problem of key management is discussed and circuits for the encryption and the decryption are suggested.
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    Galactic Halo Wormhole Solutions in Gravity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-28
    Description: The proposal of galactic halo region is based on the idea that dark halos contain some characteristics needed to support traversable wormhole solutions. We explore wormhole solutions in this region in the framework of generalized teleparallel gravity. We consider static spherically symmetric wormhole spacetime with flat galactic rotational curves and obtain expressions of matter components for nondiagonal tetrad. The effective energy-momentum tensor leads to the violation of energy conditions which may impose condition on the normal matter to satisfy these conditions. We take two well-known models in exponential and logarithmic forms to discuss wormhole solutions as well as the equilibrium condition. It is concluded that wormhole solutions violating weak energy condition are obtained for both models with stable configuration.
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    An Analytical Study of the Nonsinglet Spin Structure Function Up to NLO in the DGLAP Approach at Small (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: A next-to-leading order QCD calculation of nonsinglet spin structure function at small is presented using the analytical methods: Lagrange’s method and method of characteristics. The compatibility of these analytical approaches is tested by comparing the analytical solutions with the available polarized global fits.
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    Irreversible Thermodynamics of the Universe: Constraints from Planck Data (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-05
    Description: The present work deals with irreversible universal thermodynamics. The homogenous and isotropic flat model of the universe is chosen as open thermodynamical system and nonequilibrium thermodynamics comes into picture. For simplicity, entropy flow is considered only due to heat conduction. Further, due to Maxwell-Cattaneo modified Fourier law for nonequilibrium phenomenon, the temperature satisfies damped wave equation instead of heat conduction equation. Validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) has been investigated for universe bounded by apparent or event horizon with cosmic substratum as perfect fluid with constant or variable equation of state or interacting dark species. Finally, we have used three Planck data sets to constrain the thermal conductivity λ and the coupling parameter . These constraints must be satisfied in order for GSLT to hold for universe bounded by apparent or event horizons.
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    Interaction between Dark Matter and Dark Energy and the Cosmological Coincidence Problem (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-03
    Description: We consider a quintessence model of dark energy inspired by scalar-tensor theories of gravity where the scalar field is nonminimally coupled to gravity and dark matter. By considering exponential potential as self-interaction potential, the stability and existence of the critical points are discussed in details. With nonminimally coupled dark sector with gravity, we obtain scaling solutions to address the coincidence problem by considering complex velocity for dark matter. The statefinder diagnostic shows that the equation of state reaches model in the future.
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    Pion Spectra in Collisions as a Function of and Event Multiplicity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Description: We study the charged pion transverse momentum spectra in collisions as a function of collision energy and event multiplicity using Tsallis distribution. This study gives an insight of the pion production process in collisions. The study covers pion spectra measured in collisions at SPS energies (6.27–17.27 GeV), RHIC energies (62.4 GeV and 200 GeV), and LHC energies (900 GeV, 2.76 TeV, and 7 TeV). The Tsallis parameters have been obtained and parameterized as a function of . The study suggests that as we move to higher energy more and more hard processes contribute to the spectra. We also study the charged pion spectra for different event multiplicities in collisions for LHC energies using Tsallis distribution. The variation of the Tsallis parameters as a function of event multiplicity has been obtained and their behavior is found to be independent of collision energy.
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    Importance of Nonperturbative QCD Parameters for Bottom Mesons (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: The importance of nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) parameters is discussed in context to the predicting power for bottom meson masses and isospin splitting. In the framework of heavy quark effective theory, the work presented here focuses on the different allowed values of the two nonperturbative QCD parameters used in heavy quark effective theory formula, and using the best fitted parameter, masses of the excited bottom meson states in doublet in strange and nonstrange sectors are calculated here. The calculated masses are found to be matching well with experiments and other phenomenological models. The mass splitting and hyperfine splitting have also been analyzed for both strange and nonstrange heavy mesons with respect to spin and flavor symmetries.
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    The Scattering and Bound States of the Schrödinger Particle in Generalized Asymmetric Manning-Rosen Type Potential (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-08
    Description: We solve exactly one-dimensional Schrödinger equation for the generalized asymmetric Manning-Rosen (GAMAR) type potential containing the different types of physical potential that have many application fields in the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and obtain the solutions in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric functions. Then we determine the solutions for scattering and bound states. By using these states we calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients for scattering states and achieve a correlation that gives the energy eigenvalues for the bound states. In addition to these, we show how the transmission and reflection coefficients depend on the parameters which describe shape of the GAMAR type potential and compare our results with the results obtained in earlier studies.
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    Error-Disturbance Uncertainty Relations in Neutron-Spin Measurements (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: In his seminal paper, which was published in 1927, Heisenberg originally introduced a relation between the precision of a measurement and the disturbance it induces onto another measurement. Here, we report a neutron-optical experiment that records the error of a spin-component measurement as well as the disturbance caused on a measurement of another spin-component to test error-disturbance uncertainty relations (EDRs). We demonstrate that Heisenberg’s original EDR is violated and the Ozawa and Branciard EDRs are valid in a wide range of experimental parameters.
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    Schwarzschild-de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter Thin-Shell Wormholes and Their Stability (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: This paper is devoted to construct Schwarzschild-de Sitter and anti-de Sitter thin-shell wormholes by employing Visser’s cut and paste technique. The Darmois-Israel formalism is adopted to formulate the surface stresses of the shell. We analyze null and weak energy conditions as well as attractive and repulsive characteristics of thin-shell wormholes. We also explore stable and unstable solutions against linear perturbations by taking two different Chaplygin gas models for exotic matter. It is concluded that the stress-energy tensor components violate the null and weak energy conditions indicating the existence of exotic matter at the wormhole throat. Finally, we find unstable and stable configurations for the constructed thin-shell wormholes.
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    Precision Measurement of the Position-Space Wave Functions of Gravitationally Bound Ultracold Neutrons (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: Gravity is the most familiar force at our natural length scale. However, it is still exotic from the view point of particle physics. The first experimental study of quantum effects under gravity was performed using a cold neutron beam in 1975. Following this, an investigation of gravitationally bound quantum states using ultracold neutrons was started in 2002. This quantum bound system is now well understood, and one can use it as a tunable tool to probe gravity. In this paper, we review a recent measurement of position-space wave functions of such gravitationally bound states and discuss issues related to this analysis, such as neutron loss models in a thin neutron guide, the formulation of phase space quantum mechanics, and UCN position sensitive detectors. The quantum modulation of neutron bound states measured in this experiment shows good agreement with the prediction from quantum mechanics.
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    Method of Studying Decays with One Missing Particle (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: A new technique is discussed that can be applied to baryon decays where decays with one missing particle can be discerned from background and their branching fractions determined, along with other properties of the decays. Applications include measurements of the CKM elements and and detection of any exotic objects coupling to decays, such as the inflaton. Potential use of and to investigate decays is also commented upon.
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    Study of Baryon Spectroscopy Using a New Potential Form (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: In the present work, the nonrelativistic quark model is applied to study baryon systems, where the constituent quarks are bound by a suitable hyper central potential. We proposed a new phenomenological form of the interaction potential, digamma-type potential. Using the Jacobi coordinates, the three-body wave equation is solved numerically to calculate the resonance states of the , and baryon systems. The present model contains only two adjustable parameters in addition to the quark masses. Our theoretical calculations are compared to the available experimental data and Cornell potential results. The description of the spectrum shows that the ground states of the considered light and strange baryon spectra are in general well reproduced.
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    Minimal Length and the Existence of Some Infinitesimal Quantities in Quantum Theory and Gravity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-11
    Description: It is demonstrated that provided a theory involves a minimal length, this theory must be free from such infinitesimal quantities as infinitely small variations in surface of the holographic screen, its volume, and entropy. The corresponding infinitesimal quantities in this case must be replaced by the “minimal variations possible”—finite quantities dependent on the existent energies. As a result, the initial low-energy theory (quantum theory or general relativity) inevitably must be replaced by a minimal length theory that gives very close results but operates with absolutely other mathematical apparatus.
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    Cosmic Baryon Asymmetry in Different Neutrino Mass Models with Mixing Angles (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-22
    Description: We investigate the comparative studies of cosmological baryon asymmetry in different neutrino mass models with and without by considering the three-diagonal form of Dirac neutrino mass matrices and the three aspects of leptogenesis, unflavoured, flavoured, and nonthermal. We found that the estimations of any models with are consistent in all the three stages of calculations of leptogenesis and the results are better than the predictions of any models without which are consistent in a piecemeal manner with the observational data in all the three stages of leptogenesis calculations. For the normal hierarchy of Type-IA with charged lepton matrix, model with and without predicts inflaton mass required to produce the observed baryon asymmetry to be  GeV and  GeV, and the corresponding reheating temperatures are  GeV and  GeV respectively. These predictions are not in conflict with the gravitino problem which required the reheating temperature to be below  GeV. And these values apply to the recent discovery of Higgs boson of mass 125 GeV. One can also have the right order of relic dark matter abundance only if the reheating temperature is bounded to below  GeV.
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    CP Violation for in QCD Factorization (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-25
    Description: In the QCD factorization (QCDF) approach we study the direct CP violation in via the mixing mechanism. We find that the CP violation can be enhanced by double mixing when the masses of the pairs are in the vicinity of the resonance, and the maximum CP violation can reach 28%. We also compare the results from the naive factorization and the QCD factorization.
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    Constraining the Parameters of Modified Chaplygin Gas in Einstein-Aether Gravity (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: We have assumed FRW model of the universe in Einstein-Aether gravity filled with dark matter and modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) type dark energy. We present the Hubble parameter in terms of some unknown parameters and observational parameters with the redshift z. From observed Hubble data (OHD) set (12 points), we have obtained the bounds of the arbitrary parameters of MCG by minimizing the test. Next due to joint analysis of BAO and CMB observations, we have also obtained the best fit values and the bounds of the parameters by fixing some other parameters. We have also taken type Ia supernovae data set (union 2 data set with 557 data points). Next due to joint analysis with SNe, we have obtained the best fit values of parameters. The best fit values and bounds of the parameters are obtained by 66%, 90%, and 99% confidence levels for OHD, OHD + BAO, OHD + BAO + CMB, and OHD + BAO + CMB + SNe joint analysis. The distance modulus against redshift z for our theoretical MCG model in Einstein-Aether gravity has been tested for the best fit values of the parameters and the observed SNe Ia union2 data sample.
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    Effects of Noncommutativity on the Black Hole Entropy (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-17
    Description: The BTZ black hole geometry is probed with a noncommutative scalar field which obeys the κ-Minkowski algebra. The entropy of the BTZ black hole is calculated using the brick wall method. The contribution of the noncommutativity to the black hole entropy is explicitly evaluated up to the first order in the deformation parameter. We also argue that such a correction to the black hole entropy can be interpreted as arising from the renormalization of the Newton’s constant due to the effects of the noncommutativity.
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    Classical Bianchi Type I Cosmology in K-Essence Theory (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-15
    Description: We use one of the simplest forms of the K-essence theory and we apply it to the classical anisotropic Bianchi type I cosmological model, with a barotropic perfect fluid () modeling the usual matter content and with cosmological constant . Classical exact solutions for any and are found in closed form, whereas solutions for are found for particular values in the barotropic parameter. We present the possible isotropization of the cosmological model Bianchi I using the ratio between the anisotropic parameters and the volume of the universe. We also include a qualitative analysis of the analog of the Friedmann equation.
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    Spinless Particles in Exponentially Varying Electric and Magnetic Fields (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-16
    Description: We investigate the motion of the charged spin-0 particles subjected to the space-dependent electric and magnetic fields. By selecting the external fields oriented parallel and orthogonal to each other, exact solutions of the motion are obtained for the nonrelativistic and the relativistic cases. The quantized energy spectrum is determined by using the solutions obtained for the motion of the particles and dependence of the energy on the strengths of the electric and magnetic fields is discussed. We compared the energy spectrum of the nonrelativistic and the relativistic particles by using the numerical results obtained for the first few quantum levels.
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    Rotating Dilaton Black Strings Coupled to Exponential Nonlinear Electrodynamics (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-21
    Description: We construct a new class of charged rotating black string solutions coupled to dilaton and exponential nonlinear electrodynamic fields with cylindrical or toroidal horizons in the presence of a Liouville-type potential for the dilaton field. Due to the presence of the dilaton field, the asymptotic behaviors of these solutions are neither flat nor (A)dS. We analyze the physical properties of the solutions in detail. We compute the conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the solutions and verify the first law of thermodynamics on the black string horizon. When the nonlinear parameter goes to infinity, our results reduce to those of black string solutions in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity.
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    Langevin Diffusion in Holographic Backgrounds with Hyperscaling Violation (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-21
    Description: We consider a relativistic heavy quark which moves in the quark-gluon plasmas. By using the holographic methods, we analyze the Langevin diffusion process of this relativistic heavy quark. This heavy quark is described by a trailing string attached to a flavor brane and moving at constant velocity. The fluctuations of this string are related to the thermal correlators and the correlation functions are precisely the kinds of objects that we compute in the gravity dual picture. We obtain the action of the trailing string in hyperscaling violation backgrounds and we then find the equations of motion. These equations lead us to constructing the Langevin correlator which helps us to obtain the Langevin constants. Using the Langevin correlators we derive the spectral densities and simple analytic expressions in the small- and large-frequency limits. We examine our works for planar and -charged black holes with hyperscaling violation and find new constraints on in the presence of velocity .
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    On Teleparallel Quantum Gravity in Schwarzschild Space-Time (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-22
    Description: We present the quantization process for Schwarzschild space-time in the context of Teleparallel gravity. In order to achieve such a goal we use the Weyl formalism that establishes a well-defined correspondence between classical quantities which are realized by functions and quantum ones which are realized by operators. In the process of quantization we introduce a fundamental constant that is used to construct what we call the quantum of matter by the imposition of periodic conditions over the eigenfunction.
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    Anomalous -Factors for Charged Leptons in a Fractional Coarse-Grained Approach (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-26
    Description: We here propose to extend the concept of helicity to include it in a fractional scenario and we write down the left- and the right-handed Weyl equations from first principles in this extended framework. Next, by coupling the different fractional Weyl sectors by means of a mass parameter, we arrive at the fractional version of Dirac's equation which, whenever coupled to an external electromagnetic field and reduced to the nonrelativistic regime, yields a fractional Pauli-type equation. From the latter, we are able to present an explicit expression for the gyromagnetic ratio of charged fermions in terms of the fractionality parameter. We then focus our efforts to relate the coarse-grained property of space-time to fractionality and to the () anomalies of the different leptonic species.
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    Study of and Decays via QCD Sum Rules (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-26
    Description: We present the calculation of the form factor of the and decays in the frame work of QCD sum rules. We also find branching ratio = which is in agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, we estimate the  MeV, where experimental bound for full width of is  MeV.
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    Dark Atoms and Dark Radiation (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-05
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    Dynamics of Interacting Tachyonic Teleparallel Dark Energy (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-05
    Description: We consider a tachyon scalar field which is nonminimally coupled to gravity in the framework of teleparallel gravity. We analyze the phase-space of the model, known as tachyonic teleparallel dark energy, in the presence of an interaction between dark energy and background matter. We find that although there exist some late-time accelerated attractor solutions, there is no scaling attractor. So, unfortunately interacting tachyonic teleparallel dark energy cannot alleviate the coincidence problem.
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    Influence of Neutral Currents on Electron and Gamma Polarizations in the Process (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-06
    Description: The differential cross section of electron inelastic scattering by nuclei followed by γ radiation is calculated using the multipole decomposition of the hadronic currents and by taking into account the longitudinal polarization of the initial electron and the circular polarization of the γ radiation. We performed the analysis of the angular and energy dependence of the degree of electron and photon polarization which can yield information on values of weak neutral currents parameters.
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    Common Behaviors of Spinor-Type Instantons in 2D Thirring and 4D Gursey Fermionic Models (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-18
    Description: We investigate two examples of conformal invariant pure spinor fermionic models, which admit particle-like solutions of the classical field equations. For different dimensions and quantum spinor numbers, the vector field visualizations of the models are constructed to provide a better understanding of the spinor-type instanton dynamics in phase space. The hierarchical cluster analysis method investigations of the models are also presented. Finally, the autocorrelation and power spectrum graphs of models are constructed and frequencies of motions are defined.
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