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  • Articles  (1,995)
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  • Articles  (1,995)
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  • Springer  (1,995)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer Nature
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  • 2010-2014  (1,390)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
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  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (1,995)
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  • 1
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    Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum for enhanced production of butyric acid (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-08
    Description: Clostridium acetobutylicum has been considered as an attractive platform host for biorefinery due to its metabolic diversity. Considering its capability to overproduce butanol through butyrate, it was thought that butyric acid can also be efficiently produced by this bacterium through metabolic engineering. The pta-ctfB -deficient C. acetobutylicum CEKW, in which genes encoding phosphotransacetylase and CoA-transferase were knocked out, was assessed for its potential as a butyric acid producer in fermentations with four controlled pH values at 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.4. Butyric acid could be best produced by fermentation of the CEKW at pH 6.0, resulting in the highest titer of 26.6 g/l, which is 6.4 times higher than that obtained with the wild type. However, due to the remaining solventogenic ability of the CEKW, 3.6 g/l solvents were also produced. Thus, the CEKW was further engineered by knocking out the adhE1 -encoding aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent solvent production. Batch fermentation of the resulting C. acetobutylicum HCEKW at pH 6.0 showed increased butyric acid production to 30.8 g/l with a ratio of butyric-to-acetic acid (BA/AA) of 6.6 g/g and a productivity of 0.72 g/l/h from 86.9 g/l glucose, while negligible solvent (0.8 g/l ethanol only) was produced. The butyric acid titer, BA/AA ratio, and productivity obtained in this study were the highest values reported for C. acetobutylicum , and the BA/AA ratio and productivity were also comparable to those of native butyric acid producer Clostridium tyrobutyricum . These results suggested that the simultaneous deletion of the pta-ctfB-adhE1 in C. acetobutylicum resulted in metabolic switch from biphasic to acidogenic fermentation, which enhanced butyric acid production.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
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  • 2
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    TRAIL and microRNAs in the treatment of prostate cancer: therapeutic potential and role of nanotechnology (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-15
    Description: Disruption of spatiotemporal behavior of intracellular signaling cascades including tumor necrosis factor alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated signaling in prostate cancer has gained tremendous attention in the past few years. There is an increasing effort in translating the emerging information about TRAIL-mediated signaling obtained through experimental and preclinical data to clinic. Fascinatingly, novel targeting approaches are being developed to enhance the tissue- or subcellular-specific delivery of drugs with considerable focus on prostate cancer. These applications have the potential to revolutionize prostate cancer therapeutic strategies and include the accumulation of drugs in target tissue as well as the selection of internalizing ligands for enhanced receptor-mediated uptake of drugs. In this mini-review, we outline outstanding developments in therapeutic strategies based on the regulation and/or targeting of TRAIL pathway for the treatment of prostate cancer. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs), with potential transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, will be presented for their potential in prostate cancer treatment. Emphasis has been given to the use of delivery approaches, especially based on nanotechnology. Considerably, enhanced information regarding miRNA regulation of TRAIL-mediated signaling in prostate cancer cells may provide potential biomarkers for the characterization of patients as responders and nonresponders of TRAIL-based therapy and could provide rationalized basis for combination therapies with TRAIL death receptor-targeting drugs.
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  • 3
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    A useful method integrating production and immobilization of recombinant cellulase (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: The development of cellulase-based bioprocess is afflicted by the processing efficiency of enzymes. To address this issue, a method based on artificial oil bodies (AOBs) was proposed to integrate production and immobilization of recombinant cellulase. First, the heterologous endoglucanase ( celA ), cellobiohydrolase ( celK ), and β-glucosidase ( gls ) genes were individually fused with oleosin, a structural protein of plant seed oils. After expression in Escherichia coli , each fusion protein of insolubility was mixed together with plant oils. AOBs were assembled by subjecting the mixture to sonication. Consequently, active CelA, CelK, and Gls were resumed and co-immobilized on AOBs surface. Finally, the assembly condition (including the protein ratio) and the reaction condition were further optimized by response surface methodology. The resulting AOBs-bound cellulase remained stable for 4 cycles of cellulose–hydrolyzed reactions. Overall, the result shows a promise of this proposed approach for processing recombinant cellulase, which may provide a facile method to investigate optimum combination of cellulase components towards various cellulosic materials.
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  • 4
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    Erratum to: Purification and characterization of heterologously expressed nitrilases from filamentous fungi (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
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  • 5
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    A new method for the determination of critical polyethylene glycol concentration for selective precipitation of DNA fragments (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-27
    Description: Separation strategies based on size-selective precipitation of DNA fragments with polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been used for achieving desired DNA interval in automated sample preparation for next-generation sequencing. By varying PEG concentration, DNA fragments of different sizes can be precipitated onto surfaces of carboxyl-coated paramagnetic particles selectively, and therefore, the desired DNA interval can be obtained. However, one of the crucial points in this approach is to determine the critical PEG concentration for DNA fragment of a certain size. The aim of this work was to develop a convenient and reliable method for accurately determining the critical PEG concentration. In our method, at a fixed concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl), recovered DNA samples obtained with different PEG concentrations were directly quantified, and their concentrations as a function of the PEG concentration were fitted by the logistic function. The critical PEG value was easily and accurately determined from the fitted logistic function. The repeatability and stability of the critical PEG value were assessed, showing an excellent reliability of the method. Based on this method, critical PEG values of different-size DNA fragments were determined at different NaCl concentrations. The effectiveness of the method was also demonstrated by selective precipitation of DNA fragments.
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  • 6
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    Production of a novel compound, 10,12-dihydroxystearic acid from ricinoleic acid by an oleate hydratase from Lysinibacillus fusiformis (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-27
    Description: A recombinant oleate hydratase from Lysinibacillus fusiformis converted ricinoleic acid to a product, whose chemical structure was identified as the novel compound 10,12-dihydroxystearic acid by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The reaction conditions for the production of 10,12-dihydroxystearic acid were optimized as follows: pH 6.5, 30 °C, 15 g l −1 ricinoleic acid, 9 mg ml −1 of enzyme, and 4 % ( v / v ) methanol. Under the optimized conditions, the enzyme produced 13.5 g l −1 10,12-dihydroxystearic acid without detectable byproducts in 3 h, with a conversion of substrate to product of 90 % ( w / w ) and a productivity of 4.5 g l −1  h −1 . The emulsifying activity of 10,12-dihydroxystearic acid was higher than that of oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, stearic acid, and 10-hydroxystearic acid, indicating that 10,12-dihydroxystearic acid can be used as a biosurfactant.
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  • 7
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    The highly modified microcin peptide plantazolicin is associated with nematicidal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-03
    Description: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 has been shown to stimulate plant growth and to suppress the growth of plant pathogenic organisms including nematodes. However, the mechanism underlying its effect against nematodes remains unknown. In this study, we screened a random mutant library of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 generated by the mariner transposon Tn YLB-1 and identified a mutant strain F5 with attenuated nematicidal activity. Reversible polymerase chain reaction revealed that three candidate genes RAMB_007470 , yhdY , and prkA that were disrupted by the transposon in strain F5 potentially contributed to its decreased nematicidal activity. Bioassay of mutants impaired in the three candidate genes demonstrated that directed deletion of gene RBAM_007470 resulted in loss of nematicidal activity comparable with that of the F5 triple mutant. RBAM_007470 has been reported as being involved in biosynthesis of plantazolicin, a thiazole/oxazole-modified microcin with hitherto unknown function. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) analyses of surface extracts revealed that plantazolicin bearing a molecular weight of 1,354 Da was present in wild-type B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, but absent in the Δ RABM_007470 mutant. Furthermore, bioassay of the organic extract containing plantazolicin also showed a moderate nematicidal activity. We conclude that a novel gene RBAM_007470 and its related metabolite are involved in the antagonistic effect exerted by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 against nematodes.
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  • 8
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    In situ hydrogen utilization for high fraction acetate production in mixed culture hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Syngas fermentation is a promising route for resource recovery. Acetate is an important industrial chemical product and also an attractive precursor for liquid biofuels production. This study demonstrated high fraction acetate production from syngas (H 2 and CO 2 ) in a hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor, in which the hydrogen utilizing efficiency reached 100 % during the operational period. The maximum concentration of acetate in batch mode was 12.5 g/L, while the acetate concentration in continuous mode with a hydraulic retention time of 9 days was 3.6 ± 0.1 g/L. Since butyrate concentration was rather low and below 0.1 g/L, the acetate fraction was higher than 99 % in both batch and continuous modes. Microbial community analysis showed that the biofilm was dominated by Clostridium spp., such as Clostridium ljungdahlii and Clostridium drakei , the percentage of which was 70.5 %. This study demonstrates a potential technology for the in situ utilization of syngas and valuable chemical production.
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  • 9
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    A novel and efficient polymerization of lignosulfonates by horseradish peroxidase/H 2 O 2 incubation (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Lignosulfonates(LSs), by-products from chemical pulping processes, are low-value products with limited dispersion properties. The ability of commercially available horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to polymerize LS macromolecules and improve the dispersion properties of LSs was investigated. The polymerization of LSs proceeded efficiently under mild reaction conditions in an aqueous solution with HRP/H 2 O 2 . Gel permeation chromatography showed a significant increase in weight-average molecular weight ( M w ) of sulfonated kraft lignin and sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) by 8.5-fold and 4.7-fold, respectively. The mechanism of polymerization was investigated by elemental analysis, surface charge measurement, headspace gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ( 1 H-NMR). The functional group measurements indicated that HRP incubation did not reduce the sulfonic group content. However, it decreased the phenolic and methoxyl group contents. As the phenolic group content decreased, M w increased as a power function. The polymerization was proposed to involve the random coupling of phenoxy radical intermediates. The radicals coupled with each other to form different inter-unit linkages, most of which were the β-O-4’ type, as the 1 H-NMR spectra indicated. Moreover, the HRP/H 2 O 2 incubation induced a significant improvement in the adsorption and dispersion properties of LSs. Therefore, the HRP/H 2 O 2 incubation is a promising approach for industrial applications of LSs.
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  • 10
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    Freeze-dried microalgae of Nannochloropsis oculata improve soybean oil's oxidative stability (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata possesses nutrients valuable for human health. In this study, we added freeze-dried N. oculata powder to soybean oil and observed a remarkable inhibition in oil oxidation. The amount of microalgae powder added was positively correlated to the increase in oil stability. The addition of 5.0 % ( w / w ) microalgae powder increased the oil stability index (OSI) values of soybean oil more than twofold at the tested temperatures 120 and 130 °C. N . oculata contains high levels of both phenolic compounds and α-tocopherols that could be the contributors to such an increase of the OSI. Two methods were conducted to assay the active ingredients released from microalgae: one employed three solvent systems to extract the microalgae and the other was the soybean oil added with microalgae. Analyses of free radical scavenging and reducing power suggested that the phenolic compounds dominated the antioxidation activities in soybean oil when it was infused with the microalgae powder. Our results suggest that N. oculata could potentially be used as an additive in cooking oil to increase the shelf life and nutritional value of the oil and to reduce the production of free radicals from lipid oxidation when the oil is used at high-temperature cooking processes.
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