ALBERT

Description:    Nanomaterials have emerging importance in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI–MS) with the ultimate objective being to overcome some of the most important limitations intrinsically related to the use of conventional organic matrices in matrix-assisted (MA) LDI–MS. This review provides a critical overview of the most recent literature on the use of gold nanomaterials as non-conventional desorption ionization promoters in LDI–MS, with particular emphasis on bioanalytical applications. Old seminal papers will also be discussed to provide a timeline of the most significant achievements in the field. Future prospects and research needs are also briefly discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-23 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5120-2 Authors Rosa Pilolli, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Francesco Palmisano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Nicola Cioffi, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    In this work, we have characterized a diamine oxidase (DAO) from Lathyrus sativus and evaluated its use, for the first time, as biocatalytic component of an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of biogenic amines index in wine and beer samples. Firstly, DAO was electrokinetically characterized free in solution by means of a platinum electrode and then immobilized by using polyazetidine prepolimer on the surface of screen-printed electrodes constituted of two gold working electrodes. The amperometric measurements were carried out by using a flow system at a fixed potential of +600 mV vs the internal silver pseudo reference in phosphate buffer solution (0.1 mol l -1 , pH = 7.4). The analysis of wine and beer samples were performed in flow injection system using the dual channel transducer providing simultaneous detection of sample and blank signal, and the resulting signal (after subtraction of the blank signal) was referred to that of putrescine. The results were compared with those obtained using a modified reference method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on the same samples. The results obtained in the analysis of Italian wines shows the better suitability of DAO-based biosensor in the determination of the biogenic amines (BAs) index expressed as putrescine equivalent in both red and white wines, being less efficient in beer samples where it underestimates by about 50% the BAs content. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5131-z Authors Massimo Di Fusco, Department of Chemistry and Drugs Technologies, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Rodolfo Federico, Department of Biology, University ‘Roma Tre’, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy Alberto Boffi, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Alberto Macone, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Gabriele Favero, Department of Chemistry and Drugs Technologies, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Franco Mazzei, Department of Chemistry and Drugs Technologies, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description: ANAKON 2011 – German thoroughness meets Swiss precision Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5096-y Authors Oliver Bleher, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Melanie Ewald, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Felix Kolarov, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany A. Katrin Krieg, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Alexander F. Le Blanc, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Sabrina Rau, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    This paper describes a novel method of sample preparation for the determination of trace concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in high-boiling petroleum products. Limits of quantitation of the investigated PAHs in materials of this type range from tens of nanograms per kilogram to 〈20 μg/kg. The studies revealed that in order to separate most of interferences from the analytes without a significant loss of PAHs, it is necessary to use size exclusion chromatography as the first step of sample preparation, followed by adsorption using normal-phase liquid chromatography. The use of orthogonal separation procedure described in the paper allows the isolation of only a group of unsubstituted and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons with a specific range of molar mass. The lower the required limit of quantitation of PAHs, the larger is the scale of preparative liquid chromatography in both steps of sample preparation needed. The use of internal standard allows quantitative results to be corrected for the degree of recovery of PAHs during the sample preparation step. Final determination can be carried out using HPLC-FLD, GC-MS, or HPLC-UV–VIS/DAD. The last technique provides a degree of identification through the acquired UV–VIS spectra. Figure  Chromatograms obtained using UV-DAD detection with wavelength programming (A) and fluorimetric detection (B) for the separation of 18 PAH standards ((A) and (B)) and the fraction containing PAHs from road asphalt 50/70 prepared according to the procedure described in this work (C) . Peak designation: 1 naphthalene, 2 acenaphthylene, 3 acenaphthene, 4 fluorene, 5 phenanthrene, 6 anthracene, 7 fluoranthene, 8 pyrene, 9 benzo[a]anthracene, 10 chrysene, 11 benzo[b]fluoranthene, 12 benzo[k]fluoranthene, 13 benzo[a]pyrene, 14 dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, 15 indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 16 benzo[ghi]perylene, 17 benzo[j]fluoranthene, 18 benzo[e]pyrene,19 highly polar components of road asphalt 50/70 eluted during backflush. BF backflush point Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5134-9 Authors Ewelina Gilgenast, Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland Grzegorz Boczkaj, Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland Andrzej Przyjazny, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, Kettering University, 1700 West Third Avenue, Flint, MI 48504, USA Marian Kamiński, Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Here, we describe a rapid and efficient screening method using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and saturation transfer difference–nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) spectroscopy to yield information regarding the residues involved in nucleotide binding to amino acid-coated supports. The aim of this work was to explore the use of these spectroscopic techniques to study amino acid–nucleotide interactions in order to improve the binding specificity of the amino acid ligands used to purify plasmid DNA. For SPR, we present a strategy that immobilizes arginine and lysine on a surface as model supports, and we analyze binding responses when synthetic homo-deoxyoligonucleotides are injected over the amino acid surface. The binding responses are detectable and reproducible despite the small size of the immobilized amino acids. Using STD-NMR, we performed epitope mapping of homo-deoxyoligonucleotides bound to l -arginine–bisoxyran–Sepharose and l -lysine–Sepharose supports. Polynucleotide binding preferences differed; for example, polyC interacted preferentially through its backbone with the two supports, whereas polyT bound the supports through its thymine moiety. STD-NMR combined with SPR measurements was successfully used to screen amino acid–nucleotide interactions and determine the binding affinities of the complexes. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5124-y Authors Carla Cruz, CICS-UBI–Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal Eurico J. Cabrita, REQUIMTE, CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal João A. Queiroz, CICS-UBI–Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    In this work, an optimization study was conducted to investigate the performance of a custom-designed miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) microplasma chip to be utilized as a radiation source for mercury determination in water samples. The experimental work was implemented by using experimental design, and the results were assessed by applying statistical techniques. The proposed DBD chip was designed and fabricated in a simple way by using a few microscope glass slides aligned together and held by a Perspex chip holder, which proved useful for miniaturization purposes. Argon gas at 75–180 mL/min was used in the experiments as a discharge gas, while AC power in the range 75–175 W at 38 kHz was supplied to the load from a custom-made power source. A UV-visible spectrometer was used, and the spectroscopic parameters were optimized thoroughly and applied in the later analysis. Plasma characteristics were determined theoretically by analysing the recorded spectroscopic data. The estimated electron temperature ( T e  = 0.849 eV) was found to be higher than the excitation temperature ( T exc  = 0.55 eV) and the rotational temperature ( T rot  = 0.064 eV), which indicates non-thermal plasma is generated in the proposed chip. Mercury cold vapour generation experiments were conducted according to experimental plan by examining four parameters (HCl and SnCl 2 concentrations, argon flow rate, and the applied power) and considering the recorded intensity for the mercury line (253.65 nm) as the objective function. Furthermore, an optimization technique and statistical approaches were applied to investigate the individual and interaction effects of the tested parameters on the system performance. The calculated analytical figures of merit (LOD = 2.8 μg/L and RSD = 3.5%) indicates a reasonable precision system to be adopted as a basis for a miniaturized portable device for mercury detection in water samples. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5118-9 Authors Wameath S. Abdul-Majeed, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Newcastle Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK Jaime H. Lozano Parada, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Newcastle Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK William B. Zimmerman, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Newcastle Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The development of a simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of the new antiepileptic drug rufinamide (RFN) in human plasma and saliva is reported. Samples (250 μl) are alkalinized with ammonium hydroxide (pH 9.25) and extracted with dichloromethane using metoclopramide as internal standard. Separation is achieved with a Spherisorb silica column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) at 30 °C using as mobile phase a solution of methanol/dichloromethane/n-hexane 10/25/65 (vol/vol/vol) mixed with 6 ml ammonium hydroxide. The instrument used was a Shimadzu LC-10Av chromatograph and flow rate was 1.5 ml min -1 , with a LaChrom L-7400 UV detector set at 230 nm. Calibration curves are linear [ r 2  = 0.998 ± 0.002 for plasma ( n  = 10) and r 2  = 0.999 ± 0.001 for saliva ( n  = 9)] over the range of 0.25–20.0 μg ml -1 , with a limit of quantification at 0.25 μg ml -1 . Precision and accuracy are within current acceptability standards. The assay is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in humans and for therapeutic drug monitoring. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5126-9 Authors Iolanda Mazzucchelli, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy Manuela Rapetti, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy Cinzia Fattore, Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS National Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy Valentina Franco, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy Giuliana Gatti, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy Emilio Perucca, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Although a DNA-immobilized packed-column (DNA-packed column), which relies on sequence-dependent interactions of target DNA or mRNA (in the mobile phase) with DNA probes (on the silica particle) in a continuous flow process, could be considered as an alternative platform for quantitative analysis of specific DNA to DNA chip methodology, the performance in practice has not been satisfactory. In this study, we set up a more efficient quantitative analysis system based on a DNA-packed column by employing a temperature-gradient strategy and DMSO-containing mobile phase. Using a temperature-gradient strategy based on T m values of probe/target DNA hybridizations and DMSO (5%)-containing mobile phase, we succeeded in the quantitative analysis of a specific complementary target distinguishable from non-complementary DNA oligomers or other similar DNA samples. In addition, two different target DNA oligomers even with similar T m values were separated and detected quantitatively by using a packed column carrying two different DNA probes. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5129-6 Authors Seung Pil Pack, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea Tae-Hwe Heo, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 420-743 South Korea Kamakshaiah Charyulu Devarayapalli, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Keisuke Makino, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Breath analysis could offer a non-invasive means of intravenous drug monitoring if robust correlations between drug concentrations in breath and blood can be established. In this study, propofol blood and breath concentrations were determined in an animal model under varying physiological conditions. Propofol concentrations in breath were determined by means of two independently calibrated analytical methods: continuous, real-time proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and discontinuous solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Blood concentrations were determined by means of SPME-GC-MS. Effects of changes in pulmonary blood flow resulting in a decreased cardiac output (CO) and effects of dobutamine administration resulting in an increased CO on propofol breath concentrations and on the correlation between propofol blood and breath concentrations were investigated in seven acutely instrumented pigs. Discontinuous propofol determination in breath by means of alveolar sampling and SPME-GC-MS showed good agreement ( R 2  = 0.959) with continuous alveolar real-time measurement by means of PTR-MS. In all investigated animals, increasing cardiac output led to a deterioration of the relationship between breath and blood propofol concentrations ( R 2  = 0.783 for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and R 2  = 0.795 for PTR-MS). Decreasing pulmonary blood flow and cardiac output through banding of the pulmonary artery did not significantly affect the relationship between propofol breath and blood concentrations ( R 2  〉 0.90). Estimation of propofol blood concentrations from exhaled alveolar concentrations seems possible by means of different analytical methods even when cardiac output is decreased. Increases in cardiac output preclude prediction of blood propofol concentration from exhaled concentrations. Figure  Experimental setup for simultaneous real-time (PTR-MS) and discontinuous (SPME-GC-MS) drug determination in the breath of acutely instrumented pigs ( A ). In order to assess the influence of hemodynamic variables pulmonary artery blood flow was determined by means of Doppler-measurement ( B ). Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5099-8 Authors Svend Kamysek, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Patricia Fuchs, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Henny Schwoebel, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Jan P. Roesner, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Sabine Kischkel, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Kathi Wolter, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Christian Loeseken, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Jochen K. Schubert, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Wolfram Miekisch, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Predicting the amount of time that a petroleum mixture has been exposed to weathering effects has applications in areas of environmental and other forensic investigations, such as aiding in determining the cause and intent of a fire. Historically, research on the evaporation rates of hydrocarbon mixtures has focused on forensic oil spill identification and predicting if a fresh sample could be weathered to give an observed composition in an aged sample. Relatively little attention has focused on approaching the problem from the other direction: estimating exposure time based on the observed composition of a weathered sample at a given time and assuming a prior composition. Here, we build upon our previous research into the weathering of model mixtures by extending our work to gasoline. Samples of gasoline with varying octane ratings and from several vendors were weathered under controlled conditions and their composition monitored over time by two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). A variety of chemometric models were explored, including partial least squares (PLS), nonlinear PLS (PolyPLS) and locally weighted regression (LWR). A hierarchical application of multivariate techniques was able to predict the time for which a sample had been exposed to evaporative weathering. Partial least squares discriminant analysis could predict whether a sample was relatively fresh (〈12 h exposure time) or highly weathered (〉20 h exposure time). Subsequent regression models for these classes were evaluated for accuracy using the root mean square error of prediction. LWR was the most successful, whereby fresh and highly weathered samples were predicted to within 30 min and 5 h of exposure, respectively. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5130-0 Authors Brianne M. Zorzetti, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2 G2, Canada James J. Harynuk, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2 G2, Canada Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Vibrational spectroscopy techniques can be applied to identify a susceptibility-to-adenocarcinoma biochemical signature. A sevenfold difference in incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) remains apparent amongst populations of low- (e.g. India) compared with high-risk (e.g. UK) regions, with migrant studies implicating environmental and/or lifestyle/dietary causative factors. This study set out to determine the biospectroscopy-derived spectral differences between risk-associated cohorts to CaP. Benign prostate tissues were obtained using transurethral resection from high-risk ( n  = 11, UK) and low-risk ( n  = 14, India) cohorts. Samples were analysed using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, FTIR microspectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. Spectra were subsequently processed within the biochemical cell region (1,800 −1 –500 cm –1 ) employing principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to determine whether wavenumber–absorbance/intensity relationships might reveal biochemical differences associated with region-specific susceptibility to CaP. PCA-LDA scores and corresponding cluster vector plots identified pivotal segregating biomarkers as 1,582 cm −1 (Amide I/II trough); 1,551 cm −1 (Amide II); 1,667 cm −1 (Amide I); 1,080 cm −1 (DNA/RNA); 1,541 cm −1 (Amide II); 1,468 cm −1 (protein); 1,232 cm −1 (DNA); 1,003 cm −1 (phenylalanine); 1,632 cm −1 [right-hand side (RHS) Amide I] for glandular epithelium ( P  〈 0.0001) and 1,663 cm −1 (Amide I); 1,624 cm −1 (RHS Amide I); 1,126 cm −1 (RNA); 1,761, 1,782, 1,497 cm −1 (RHS Amide II); 1,003 cm −1 (phenylalanine); and 1,624 cm −1 (RHS Amide I) for adjacent stroma ( P  〈 0.0001). Primarily protein secondary structure variations were biomolecular markers responsible for cohort segregation with DNA alterations exclusively located in the glandular epithelial layers. These biochemical differences may lend vital insights into the aetiology of CaP. Figure  The first study to apply biospectroscopy techniques to identify the underlying differences in the aetiology of prostate cancer between low- (India) compared to high-risk (UK) cohorts Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5123-z Authors Imran I. Patel, Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK Júlio Trevisan, Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK Paras B. Singh, Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK Caroline M. Nicholson, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT UK R. K. Gopala Krishnan, Workhardt Hospital, Kolkata, 700020 India Shyam S. Matanhelia, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT UK Francis L. Martin, Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Glycosylation is one of the most common yet diverse post-translational modifications. Information on glycan heterogeneity and glycosite occupancy is increasingly recognized as crucial to understanding glycoprotein structure and function. Yet, no approach currently exists with which to holistically consider both the proteomic and glycomic aspects of a system. Here, we developed a novel method of comprehensive glycosite profiling using nanoflow liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (nano-LC/MS) that shows glycan isomer-specific differentiation on specific sites. Glycoproteins were digested by controlled non-specific proteolysis in order to produce informative glycopeptides. High-resolution, isomer-sensitive chromatographic separation of the glycopeptides was achieved using microfluidic chip-based capillaries packed with graphitized carbon. Integrated LC/MS/MS not only confirmed glycopeptide composition but also differentiated glycan and peptide isomers and yielded structural information on both the glycan and peptide moieties. Our analysis identified at least 13 distinct glycans (including isomers) corresponding to five compositions at the single N -glycosylation site on bovine ribonuclease B, 59 distinct glycans at five N -glycosylation sites on bovine lactoferrin, 13 distinct glycans at one N -glycosylation site on four subclasses of human immunoglobulin G, and 20 distinct glycans at five O -glycosylation sites on bovine κ-casein. Porous graphitized carbon provided effective separation of glycopeptide isomers. The integration of nano-LC with MS and MS/MS of non-specifically cleaved glycopeptides allows quantitative, isomer-sensitive, and site-specific glycoprotein analysis. Figure  Overlaid chromatograms and associated structural assignments of glycopeptides from bovine κ-casein. Color denotes the site(s) of glycosylation from which the glycopeptide originated Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5109-x Authors Serenus Hua, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Charles C. Nwosu, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA John S. Strum, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Richard R. Seipert, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Hyun Joo An, Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764 South Korea Angela M. Zivkovic, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA J. Bruce German, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Carlito B. Lebrilla, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The American visceral leishmaniasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil for both humans and dogs. Attempts to make a diagnosis of this disease need to be improved, especially in endemic areas, and in the tracking and screening of asymptomatic dogs, which are their main host in urban areas. A quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor for the diagnosis of the canine visceral leishmaniasis using a recombinant antigen of Leishmania chagasi (rLci2B-NH6) was developed. The rLci2B-NH6 was tightly immobilized on a quartz crystal gold electrode by self-assembled monolayer based on short-chain length thiol. The strategy was the use of the antigen-histidine tail covalently linked to glutaraldehyde performing a Schift base which permits a major exposure of epitopes and a reduced steric hindrance. The immunosensor showed good results regarding sensitivity and reproducibility, being able to distinguish positive and negative canine serum for L. chagasi. Furthermore, the immunosensor can be reused through exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, which promotes the dissociation of antigen–antibody binding, restoring the sensor surface with immobilized biologically active antigens for further analysis. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5136-7 Authors Joilson Ramos-Jesus, Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil Kellyanne A. Carvalho, Departamento de Biointeração, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-060, Brazil Rosana A. S. Fonseca, Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil Geraldo G. S. Oliveira, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil Stella M. Barrouin Melo, Departamento de Patologia e Clínicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-060, Brazil Neuza M. Alcântara-Neves, Departamento de Biointeração, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-060, Brazil Rosa F. Dutra, Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Residues from medicine containers in the collections of the British Museum have been investigated as part of a wider programme of scientific work on Roman surgical instruments. The cylindrical bronze containers are often described as instrument cases, but some contain materia medica , ranging from extensive extant remains of ancient preparations to possible minor deposits on the interior surfaces of the containers. Samples from seven residues have been analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify lipid, resin and carbohydrate components and by X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy to characterise inorganic materials. The results have provided evidence for ointments and powders or pills consistent with a medical purpose. The ingredients identified include beeswax, fat, conifer resin and gum-derived sugars, plus elemental carbon and lead and zinc salts. Particularly significant were the varied compositions of residues from four sections of a multi-compartment container. In one of these compartments, the beeswax seems to have been prepared as the ‘Punic wax’ described by Pliny. Experimental preparation of Punic wax following Pliny’s method was undertaken in the laboratory and the product analysed to compare with the ointment residues. This paper discusses the GC-MS results of both the experimental material and the archaeological residues and their significance for the interpretation of the past intended applications of the medicines and the use of the containers. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5160-7 Authors R. J. Stacey, Department of Conservation and Scientific Research, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3DG UK Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Sensitive and robust bioassays for glucocorticoids are very useful for the pharmaceutical industry, environmental scientists and veterinary control. Here, a recombinant yeast cell was constructed that expresses the human glucocorticoid receptor alpha and a green fluorescent reporter protein in response to glucocorticoids. Both the receptor construct and the reporter construct were stably integrated into the yeast genome. The correct and specific functioning of this yeast glucocorticoid bioassay was studied by exposures to cortisol and other related compounds and critically compared to a GR-CALUX bioassay based on a human bone cell. Although less sensitive, the new yeast glucocorticoid bioassay showed sensitivity towards all (gluco)corticoids tested, with the following order in relative potencies: budesonide 〉〉 corticosterone 〉 dexamethasone 〉 cortisol = betamethasone 〉 prednisolone 〉 aldosterone. Hormone representatives for other hormone nuclear receptors, like 17β-estradiol for the oestrogen receptor, 5α-dihydrotestosterone for the androgen receptor and progesterone for the progesterone receptor, showed no clear agonistic responses, whilst some polychlorinated biphenyls were clearly able to interfere with the GR activity. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5162-5 Authors Toine F. H. Bovee, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands Richard J. R. Helsdingen, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands Astrid R. M. Hamers, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands Bram A. Brouwer, BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Kruislaan 406, 1098 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands Michel W. F. Nielen, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    A method of using a gravitational spectrometer to search for long-range forces between neutrons and atoms is proposed. The constraints on the strength of long range forces within the range of 10 −10 –10 −4 cm can be obtained from the experiments on measurements of the total cross section of interaction of ultracold neutrons with atoms of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, 86 Kr) and the data on the coherent neutron scattering length of the nucleus. The first result of such type analysis is presented. Content Type Journal Article Pages 415-422 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080121 Authors A. P. Serebrov, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gatchina, 188300 Russia O. M. Zherebtsov, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gatchina, 188300 Russia S. V. Sbitnev, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gatchina, 188300 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    The screening of the external magnetic field by magnetic monopoles in spin ice has been considered. The polarization of the magnetic system with moving monopoles has been shown to result in the incomplete screening of the external magnetic field. The static permeability of spin ice and the magnetic-field screening length have been calculated and numerically estimated and the physical meaning of introducing monopoles is discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 384-387 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070095 Authors I. A. Ryzhkin, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia M. I. Ryzhkin, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    The spin polarized adiabatic quantum pump effect in zigzag graphene nanoribbons has been numerically analyzed. Since the ground state of such a ribbon is antiferromagnetic (the opposite spin electrons are located on the opposite edges of the ribbon), the spin currents can be generated in this system with the help of the quantum pump effect when symmetry between the opposite spin states is broken. Two methods of this breaking by means of defects at the ribbon edge and the transverse electric field have been proposed. It has been shown that the generation of not only the electron and spin currents, but also the purely spin current is possible in both cases. Content Type Journal Article Pages 372-376 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070058 Authors E. S. Grichuk, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia E. A. Manykin, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description: The emergence of multimodal imaging methods for real-time nanoscopy Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5125-x Authors Cyril Petibois, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248 CBMN Allée de Saint-Hillaire, F33600 Pessac-Cedex, France Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Chemometric methods have critical importance for the discovery of the information/knowledge buried or concealed in high-dimensional datasets acquired from comprehensive multidimensional separations (CMDS), and for interpretation of experiments or chemical processes. In this work, employment of new developments in chemometrics making full use of the data to maximize the potential of CMDS to resolve mathematically a variety of practical problems is reviewed whilst providing the authors' point of view. During the past several years, chemometrics has been successfully applied to many areas of concern to CMDS investigation, including experimental parameter optimization, data quality improvement, identification and quantification of target chemical components, pattern recognition technique for clustering and classification, multivariate model establishment to correlate chromatographic properties and molecular descriptors. On the basis of the high-dimensionality characteristics of CMDS, some special aspects such as evaluation of orthogonality and image processing have also been included in this review. It is expected that an overview of the diverse ways in which chemometrics can aid CMDS investigations will prove valuable to interested users in this area through a comprehensive survey of previous research contributions. Chemometrics lends itself well to the powerful separation capability of CMDS. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5139-4 Authors Zhong-Da Zeng, Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, 3800 Australia Helmut M. Hugel, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001 Australia Philip J. Marriott, Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, 3800 Australia Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Chemical analysis of ancient residues of pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations such as balms or ointments is made problematic by the high complexity of these mixtures, composed of organic and inorganic materials. Consequently, a multi-analytical approach and special caution in the interpretation of the results are necessary. In order to contribute to the improvement of analytical strategies for the characterization of complex residues and to reconstruct ancient medical practices, a replica of a pharmaceutical formulation of the seventeenth century was prepared in the laboratory according to a historically documented recipe. In a round robin exercise, a portion of the preparation was analysed as a blind sample by 11 laboratories using various analytical techniques. These included spectroscopic, chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. None of the laboratories was able to completely reconstruct the complex formulation, but each of them gave partial positive results. The round robin exercise has demonstrated that the application of a multi-analytical approach can permit a complete and reliable reconstruction of the composition. Finally, on the basis of the results, an analytical protocol for the study of residues of ancient medical and pharmaceutical preparations has been outlined. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5105-1 Authors M. P. Colombini, Dipartimento di Chimica, SCIBEC, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy F. Modugno, Dipartimento di Chimica, SCIBEC, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy M. C. Gamberini, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy M. Rocchi, Dipartimento di Chimica, SCIBEC, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy C. Baraldi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy T. Deviese, British Museum, Department of Conservation and Scientific Research, London, WC1B 3DG UK R. J. Stacey, British Museum, Department of Conservation and Scientific Research, London, WC1B 3DG UK M. Orlandi, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, Università di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy F. Saliu, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, Università di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy C. Riedo, Dipartimentodi Chimica IFM e NIS Centro di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy O. Chiantore, Dipartimentodi Chimica IFM e NIS Centro di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy G. Sciutto, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy E. Catelli, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy L. Brambilla, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy L. Toniolo, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy C. Miliani, Istituto CNR-ISTM Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy P. Rocchi, Istituto CNR-ISTM Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy J. Bleton, LETIAM, IUT d’Orsay, 91400 Orsay, France U. Baumer, Doerner Institut, 80799 Munich, Germany P. Dietemann, Doerner Institut, 80799 Munich, Germany G. Pojana, Università Ca‘Foscari Venezia, 30123 Venetia, Italy S. Marras, Università Ca‘Foscari Venezia, 30123 Venetia, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic industrial reactant used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, and genistein is a natural phytoestrogen abundant in the soybean. Current studies investigating the endocrine-disrupting effects of concomitant exposures to BPA and genistein have warranted the development of an analytical method for the simultaneous measurement of BPA and genistein, as well as their primary metabolites, bisphenol A ß- d -glucuronide (BPA gluc) and genistein 4′-ß- d -glucuronide (genistein gluc), respectively. All four analytes were extracted from rat plasma via solid phase extraction (SPE). Three SPE cartridges and four elution schemes were tested. Plasma extraction using Bond Elut Plexa cartridges with sequential addition of ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetonitrile yielded optimal average recoveries of 98.1 ± 1.8% BPA, 94.9 ± 8.0% genistein, 91.4 ± 6.1% BPA gluc, and 103 ± 6.1% genistein gluc. Identification and quantification of the four analytes were performed by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method using electrospray ionization and selective reaction monitoring. This novel analytical method should be applicable to the measurement of BPA, genistein, BPA gluc, and genistein gluc in urine, cultures, and tissue following in vivo exposures. While reports of the determination of BPA and genistein independently exist, the simultaneous optimized extraction and detection of BPA, genistein, BPA gluc, and genistein gluc have not previously been reported. Figure  BPA and genistein co-exposure scenario. BPA-laden polycarbonate plastic baby bottle filled with soymilk, a rich source of genistein, provides a classic exposure scenario to young children—a population that is particularly vulnerable to the effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5151-8 Authors Janis L. Coughlin, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, A Joint Institute of Rutgers University and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Bozena Winnik, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, A Joint Institute of Rutgers University and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Brian Buckley, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, A Joint Institute of Rutgers University and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The recent use of a one-dimensional (1D) X-ray Talbot interferometer has triggered great interest in X-ray differential phase contrast imaging. As an improved version of a 1D interferometer, the development of two-dimensional (2D) grating interferometry strongly stimulated applications of grating-based imaging. In the framework of Fresnel diffraction theory, we investigated the self-image of 2D-phase gratings under partially coherent illumination. The fringe visibility of the self-image has been analyzed as a function of the spatial coherence length. From the viewpoint of self-image visibility, it is possible to find the optimal 2D grid for 2D X-ray grating interferometer imaging. Numerical simulations have been also carried out for quantitative evaluation. Results, in good agreement with theoretical analysis, indicate the spatial coherence requirements of the radiation illuminating a 2D grating interferometer. Moreover, our results can be used to optimize performances of a 2D grating interferometer and for further theoretical and experimental research on grating-based imaging systems. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5146-5 Authors Xin Ge, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China Zhili Wang, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China Kun Gao, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China Kai Zhang, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China Youli Hong, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China Dajiang Wang, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China Zhongzhu Zhu, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China Peiping Zhu, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China Ziyu Wu, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, optimised and validated for the quantification of synthetic folic acid (FA), also called pteroyl- l -glutamic acid or vitamin B9 and naturally occurring 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) found in folate-fortified breads. Optimised sample preparation prior to analysis involved addition of 13 C 5 labelled internal standards, treatments with α-amylase and rat serum, solid-phase extraction using aromatic-selective cartridges and ultra-filtration. Analytes were separated on a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 column during a 6-min run and analysed by positive ion electrospray selected reaction monitoring MS/MS. Standard calibration curves for the two analytes were linear over the range of 0.018–14 μg FA/g of fresh bread ( r 2  = 0.997) and 9.3–900 ng 5-MTHF/g of fresh bread ( r 2  = 0.999). The absolute recoveries were 90% and 76% for FA and 5-MTHF, respectively. Intra-day coefficients of variation were 3% for FA and 18% for 5-MTHF. The limit of detection was 9.0 ng/g for FA and 4.3 ng/g for 5-MTHF, determined using pre-extracted tapioca starch as the blank matrix. The assay is rugged, fast, accurate and sensitive, applicable to a variety of food matrices and is capable of the detection and quantification of the naturally occurring low levels of 5-MTHF in wheat breads. The findings of this study revealed that the FA range in Australian fortified breads was 79–110 μg/100 g of fresh bread and suggest that the flour may not have the mandated FA fortification level (200–300 μg/100 g of flour), though this cannot be determined conclusively from experimental bread data alone, as variable baking losses have been documented by other authors. Figure  Chromatogram of labelled folic acid using UPLC-MS/MS Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5156-3 Authors Maria V. Chandra-Hioe, Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia Martin P. Bucknall, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia Jayashree Arcot, Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were evaluated as potential adsorbents for miniaturized solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography. The adsorption capacity of this sorbent was applied to assess the speciation of four cobalamins representing the various forms of vitamin B 12 . The preconcentration on the MWCNTs was based on the retention of analytes by introducing the sample online into the mini-column system. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used to elute the retained vitamins for liquid chromatographic analysis. The experimental conditions of the continuous flow device, which affect the enrichment procedure, such as the type and amount of nanotubes, the volume, pH and flow rate of the sample solution, and the eluent and its volume, were optimized. For detection purposes, a diode array device was used and good resolution was obtained with a mobile-phase acetonitrile–phosphate buffer and gradient elution. Specificity was demonstrated by the retention characteristics and UV spectra and by comparing the peak purity index with commercial standards. Linearity, precision, recovery, and sensitivity were satisfactory. Detection limits ranged from 0.35 to 30 ng mL −1 . The method was successfully applied to the determination of cobalamins in seafoods, which were extracted from the sample with a buffer solution using an ultrasonic probe. The reliability of the procedure was checked by analyzing a certified reference material. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5158-1 Authors Pilar Viñas, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain Ignacio López-García, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain María Bravo Bravo, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain Manuel Hernández-Córdoba, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The properties of a one-dimensional atomic Bose condensate are studied under the assumption that the condensation leads to a state of velocity-selective coherent population trapping. This state is characterized by the quantum correlation (entanglement) between the intrinsic angular momentum of an atom and its translational motion underlying nontrivial features of the condensate. The effects of weak interatomic interaction are taken into account. The steady state of above-condensate atoms corresponding to the slow decay of the state with coherent population trapping is found. The dynamic problem concerning the evolution of the system of above-condensate atoms after switching off the optical field forming the state with coherent population trapping is solved. The solution is found by the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian based on introducing the Bogoliubov quasiparticles with the unusual dispersion law. Content Type Journal Article Pages 442-446 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080108 Authors L. V. Il’ichev, Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskii pr. 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    It is known from the analysis of the density matrix for bipartite systems that the quantum discord (as a measure of quantum correlations) depends on the particular subsystem chosen for the projective measurements. We study asymmetry of the discord in a simple physical model of two spin-1/2 particles with the dipole-dipole interaction governed by the XY Hamiltonian in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The dependence of the above discord asymmetry on the Larmor frequencies at both T = 0 (the ground state) and T 〉 0 has been investigated. It is demonstrated, in particular, that the asymmetry is negligible for high temperatures but it may become significant with a decrease in the temperature. Content Type Journal Article Pages 459-462 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080054 Authors E. B. Fel’dman, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia A. I. Zenchuk, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    We study the problem of adsorption of polymer chains in a system containing two impenetrable attracting interfaces within the mean-field approximation. We find the exact solution of this mean-field polymer adsorption problem that is controlled by a single scaling variable describing the coupling between the impenetrable interfaces due to the polymer chains. At the saturation point we obtain the total number of adsorbed monomers, the total energy of the system and the force acting between impenetrable interfaces that is turned to be strictly attractive and monotonously decaying towards zero for increasing distance between the interfaces. Content Type Journal Article Pages 431-436 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080078 Authors I. V. Gerasimchuk, Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 03142 Kiev, Ukraine V. S. Gerasimchuk, National Technical University of Ukraine “Kiev Polytechnic Institute,”, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine J. U. Sommer, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., D-01069 Dresden, Germany Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    The cluster model for the transition state is applied to explain the features of diffuse scattering of electrons, which is observed in the process of ordering of boron atoms and structure vacancies in the cubic (with the B 1 structure) solid solution PdB y of boron in palladium. To simulate the diffuse intensity surface in the case of the short-range substitution order, clusters in the form of tetrahedron, octahedron, cube, and fcc unit cell including 4, 6, 9, and 14 sites of nonmetallic sublattice, respectively, are used. It has been shown that the experimental shape of the diffuse scattering contours in PdB 0.163 is best described by the model in the form of a cluster combining an octahedron and a cube. Content Type Journal Article Pages 447-452 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080091 Authors A. I. Gusev, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620990 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    The single-particle relaxation time of the two-dimensional electron gas in SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells is calculated. Many-body effects beyond the random-phase approximation become important at low electron density. For charged impurity scattering (remote doped), the importance of these many-body effects as functions of the electron density and spacer width is analyzed. Induced by many-body effects, a strong reduction of the single-particle relaxation time at low electron densities is predicted. The relation with the transport scattering time is described, multiple-scattering effects are commented, and the determination of many-body effects in existing samples is discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 453-458 DOI 10.1134/S002136401108008X Authors A. Gold, Centre d’Elaboration de Materiaux et d’Etudes Structures (CEMES-CNRS), 31055 Toulouse, France Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    The role of the elastic properties of multicomponent lipid membranes during their phase separation has been studied. The phase diagram of a three-component membrane, which consists of cholesterol and unsaturated lipids, has been derived. The calculation has been performed using the theory of regular solutions, taking into account the contribution of the mechanical energy to the parameters of pair interactions between the components. It has been shown that the difference in the spontaneous curvatures of the components plays the major role in phase separation. The effective bending modulus has been calculated for the membrane whose components have different bending rigidities. Content Type Journal Article Pages 463-469 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080066 Authors T. R. Galimzyanov, Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia S. A. Akimov, Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    The processes of nondissociative resonant attachment and autodetachment of electrons in a number of poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules have been investigated by mass spectrometry. Long-lived negative molecular ions of phenanthrene and triphenylene have not been observed. Such ions have been detected for anthracene, pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene capturing thermal electrons. Negative molecular ions of tetracene and pentacene have also been observed up to 2.5–3 eV. The lifetimes of these ions with respect to the auto-detachment of an electron have been measured throughout the energy range where they are observed. This lifetime for tetracene and pentacene is more than 10 ms, which is two or three orders of magnitude larger than that for remaining compounds. Correlation between the lifetime of ions and the electron affinity of the molecules has been revealed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 437-441 DOI 10.1134/S002136401108011X Authors R. V. Khatymov, Institute of the Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia R. F. Tuktarov, Institute of the Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia M. V. Muftakhov, Institute of the Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    A wave equation for the simulation of nonlinear plane solitary perturbations of the free surface of a shallow fluid has been derived. In contrast to the modified Boussinesq equation, the new one correctly describes the interaction of counter-propagating small-amplitude waves. It has been shown analytically that collisions of solitons are inelastic even in the first-order perturbation theory and the nonlinear dynamics of such collisions is qualitatively different from that described by the modified Boussinesq equation. Content Type Journal Article Pages 423-426 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080042 Authors D. G. Arkhipov, Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia G. A. Khabakhpashev, Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    Human remains detection canines are used in locating deceased humans in diverse scenarios and environments based on odor produced during the decay process of the human body. It has been established that human remains detection canines are capable of locating human remains specifically, as opposed to living humans or animal remains, thus suggesting a difference in odor between the different sources. This work explores the collection and determination of such odors using a dynamic headspace concentration device. The airflow rate and three sorbent materials—Dukal cotton gauze, Johnson & Johnson cotton-blend gauze, and polyester material—used for odor collection were evaluated using standard compounds. It was determined that higher airflow rates and openly woven material, e.g., Dukal cotton gauze, yielded significantly less total volatile compounds due to compound breakthrough through the sorbent material. Collection from polymer- and cellulose-based materials demonstrated that the molecular backbone of the material is a factor in compound collection as well. Volatiles, including cyclic and straight-chain hydrocarbons, organic acids, sulfides, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, were collected from a population of 27 deceased bodies from two collection locations. The common compounds between the subjects were compared and the odor profiles were determined. These odor profiles were compared with those of animal remains and living human subjects collected in the same manner. Principal component analysis showed that the odor profiles of the three sample types were distinct. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5167-0 Authors Lauryn E. DeGreeff, International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA Kenneth G. Furton, International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    We show that a simple biophysically based electron-conformational model of RyR channel can explain and describe on equal footing the oscillatory regime of the heart’s cell release unit both in sinoatrial node (pacemaker) cells under normal physiological conditions and in ventricular myocytes under Ca 2+ sarcoplasmic reticulum overload. Content Type Journal Article Pages 403-408 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070083 Authors A. S. Moskvin, Department of Theoretical Physics, Ural State University, Yekaterinburg, 620083 Russia A. M. Ryvkin, Department of Theoretical Physics, Ural State University, Yekaterinburg, 620083 Russia O. E. Solovyova, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620049 Russia V. S. Markhasin, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620049 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    Second harmonic generation in graphene has been theoretically studied. Phenomenological analysis based on symmetry arguments is carried out. It is demonstrated that second harmonic generation in ideal graphene samples is possible only if the radiation wave vector or its magnetic field is taken into account. Microscopic theory is developed for the classical regime of radiation interaction with electrons, where the photon energy is much lower than the characteristic energy of charge carriers. It is demonstrated that the emitted radiation can be strongly circularly polarized for the linearly polarized incident wave. Content Type Journal Article Pages 366-371 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070046 Authors M. M. Glazov, Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    The dynamics of nonsingular defects has been studied experimentally and theoretically in the periodic roll structures arising at electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals twisted by π/2. The presence of an axial component of the velocity of the hydrodynamic flow with the opposite direction in the neighboring rolls is characteristic of roll structures in twisted nematics. The quantitative estimates of the critical frequency of the oscillations of structural defects have been obtained on the basis of the nonlinear equation of motion for the roll displacement. It has been found that the periodic creation and annihilation of a pair of edge dislocations with the topological indices +1 and −1 occur in the process of oscillations of a defect with a nonsingular nucleus. It has been demonstrated that oscillating defects with zero topological indices correspond to the solution of the sine-Gordon equation in the form of standing breathers. Content Type Journal Article Pages 388-393 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070101 Authors O. A. Skaldin, Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia V. A. Delev, Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia E. S. Shikhovtseva, Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia E. S. Batyrshin, Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia Yu. A. Lebedev, Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    The results of a new experiment on the observation of the effect of accelerating matter in neutron optics are reported. It has been shown that the velocity of neutrons periodically varies when they pass through a harmonically moving refractive sample. The idea of the experiment is based on time focusing, i.e., on the fact that the periodic modulation of the velocity of neutrons leads to the oscillation of the flux density at the observation point. The magnitude of the effect is in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions. The experiment has been carried out with ultracold neutrons and a change of ±1 cm/s has been detected in the neutron velocity. Content Type Journal Article Pages 361-365 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070034 Authors A. I. Frank, Frank Neutron Physics Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, 141980 Russia P. Geltenbort, Institut Laue Langevin, BP 156-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France M. Jentschel, Institut Laue Langevin, BP 156-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France D. V. Kustov, Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 03680 Ukraine G. V. Kulin, Frank Neutron Physics Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, 141980 Russia A. N. Strepetov, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 123182 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    Processes occurring when a static transverse electric field is applied to a GaAs/AlGaAs n - i - n heterostructure with single quantum wells and asymmetric tunnel-coupled double quantum wells have been investigated by optical methods. The difference between the energies of exciton transitions for quantum wells of different widths makes it possible to attribute the observed photoluminescence peaks to particular pairs of wells or particular single quantum wells. The local electric field for each quantum well has been determined in terms of the Stark shift and splitting of exciton lines in a wide range of external voltage. A qualitative model has been proposed to explain the nonmonotonic distribution of the electric field over the depth of the heterostructure. Content Type Journal Article Pages 394-398 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070022 Authors V. Ya. Aleshkin, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia L. V. Gavrilenko, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia D. M. Gaponova, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia Z. F. Krasil’nik, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia D. I. Kryzhkov, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia D. I. Kuritsyn, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia S. M. Sergeev, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia V. G. Lyssenko, Institute of Microelectronic Technology and Ultra-High-Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia C. B. Sørensen, Nano-Science Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    A new sensitive and fast quantitative analytical method for the simultaneous determination of clopidogrel, its main metabolite clopidogrel carboxylic acid, and the newly described acyl glucuronide metabolite, in human plasma samples, is presented. The analytical procedures (plasma storage, handling, and extract storage in the autosampler) were optimized in order to avoid back-conversion; a known drawback in measurements of clopidogrel. Clopidogrel acyl glucuronide was confirmed as a major source of back-conversion to the parent drug in the presence of methanol, and thorough stability experiments were carried out to find the most appropriate conditions for an accurate analysis of clopidogrel and the two metabolites. The method was validated by assessing selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision for all three analytes, in accordance to Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Spiked quality controls in plasma as well as incurred samples were used to verify back-conversion in the selected conditions, with results meeting European Medicines Agency acceptance criteria (concentrations within 80–120% of the first reading). The method was then applied to a pharmacokinetic study, and for the first time, a pharmacokinetic curve of clopidogrel acyl glucuronide in human plasma is presented. The concentrations ranged up to 1,048.684 ng/mL, with a mean of 470.268 ng/mL, while clopidogrel had a mean C max of 1.348 ng/mL; these orders of magnitude show how much the back-conversion of this metabolite may influence clopidogrel quantification if it is not properly controlled. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5147-4 Authors Luigi Silvestro, 3S-Pharmacological Consultation & Research GmbH, Koenigsbergerstrasse 1, 27243 Harpstedt, Germany Mihaela Gheorghe, Pharma Serv Int’l SRL, 52 Sabinelor Str., 5th District, 050853 Bucharest, Romania Adriana Iordachescu, Pharma Serv Int’l SRL, 52 Sabinelor Str., 5th District, 050853 Bucharest, Romania Valentin Ciuca, Pharma Serv Int’l SRL, 52 Sabinelor Str., 5th District, 050853 Bucharest, Romania Ariana Tudoroniu, Pharma Serv Int’l SRL, 52 Sabinelor Str., 5th District, 050853 Bucharest, Romania Simona Rizea Savu, 3S-Pharmacological Consultation & Research GmbH, Koenigsbergerstrasse 1, 27243 Harpstedt, Germany Isabela Tarcomnicu, Pharma Serv Int’l SRL, 52 Sabinelor Str., 5th District, 050853 Bucharest, Romania Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    In this study, we employed laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to map the spatial distribution of Gd-doped iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in one tumor slice that had been subjected to magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). The mapping results revealed the high resolution of the elemental analysis, with the distribution of Gd atoms highly correlated with that of the Fe atoms. The spatial distributions of C, P, S, and Zn atoms revealed that the effect of MFH treatment was significantly dependent on the diffusion of the magnetic fluid in the tissue. An observed enrichment of Cu atoms after MFH treatment was probably due to inflammation in the tumor. The abnormal distribution of Ni atoms suggests a probable biochemical reaction in the tumor. Therefore, this LA-ICP-MS mapping technique can provide novel information regarding the spatial distribution of elements in tumors after cancer therapy. Figure  Mapping and ion intensities of a 56 Fe and b 158 Gd atoms. The red line indicates the path taken during the time-resolved analyses of Fe and Gd atoms Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5144-7 Authors Yi-Kong Hsieh, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan Pei-Shin Jiang, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan Bing-Shen Yang, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan Tian-Ye Sun, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China Hsu-Hsia Peng, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan Chu-Fang Wang, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The new analytical method using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) procedure for simultaneous determination of diacylhydrazine insecticide residues in fruits and vegetables was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The four insecticides (tebufenozide, methoxfenozide, chromafenozide, and halofenozide) were extracted from six fruit and vegetable matrices using acetonitrile and subsequently cleaned up using primary secondary amine (PSA) or octadecylsilane (C18) as sorbent prior to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. The determination of the target compounds was achieved in less than 3.0 min using an electrospray ionization source in positive mode (ESI+) for tebufenozide, methoxfenozide, and halofenozide and in negative mode (ESI−) for chromafenozide. The limits of detection were below 0.6 μg kg −1 , while the limit of quantification did not exceed 2 μg kg −1 in different matrices. The QuEChERS procedure by using two sorbents (PSA and C18) and the matrix-matched standards gave satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) values in different matrices at four spiked levels (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 1 mg kg −1 ). The overall average recoveries for this method in apple, grape, cucumber, tomato, cabbage, and spinach at four levels ranged from 74.2% to 112.5% with RSDs in the range of 1.4–13.8% ( n  = 5) for all analytes. This study provides a theoretical basis for China to draw up maximum residue limits and analytical method for diacylhydrazine insecticide in vegetables and fruits. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5148-3 Authors Xingang Liu, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China Jun Xu, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China Fengshou Dong, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China Yuanbo Li, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China Wenchen Song, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125 China Yongquan Zheng, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids such as cis -3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-di-methylcyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid, cis - and trans -3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 4-fluoro-3-PBA are biomarkers for exposure to phenothrin, tetramethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin. In this study, the pyrethroid metabolites in workers’ urine samples were monitored for the first time with a novel sample pretreatment process combining hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and in-syringe derivatization (ISD) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. A micro-syringe pre-filled with derivatizing agents and syringe needle connected to an extracting solvent impregnated hollow fiber segment was used as the LPME probe. Pyrethroid metabolites were extracted and enriched simultaneously from urine samples by HF-LPME sampling and acid hydrolysis at 70 °C for 10 min. After sampling, the ISD was performed by mixing the extracting solution and derivatizing agents through plunger movements, followed by GC-ECD analysis. Parameters influencing the HF-LPME efficiency and ISD were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the method provided enrichment factors of 69.8–154.6, repeatability from 5.0 to 12% ( n  = 5), and good linearity ( R 2  = 0.9980–0.9998) for interested analytes spiked in urine samples. The method detection limits ranged from 1.6 to 17 ng/mL. A comparison was performed between the proposed method and conventional methods. The proposed method was applied to analyze pyrethroid metabolites in the urine samples collected from workers of pesticide formulation plants. The results suggested that the proposed HF-LPME coupled ISD method was a rapid, simple, efficient, and eco-friendly technique in the biomonitoring of metabolites of pyrethroids in workers’ urine. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5122-0 Authors Chiu-Hwa Lin, Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402 Taiwan Cheing-Tong Yan, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan Ponnusamy Vinoth Kumar, Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402 Taiwan Hong-Ping Li, Residue Control Department, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture (TACTRI/COA), Wu-Fung, Taichung City, 413 Taiwan Jen-Fon Jen, Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402 Taiwan Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    An integrated approach based on the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of metal particles in foods was devised and validated. Different raw materials and food products, like wheat, durum wheat, wheat flour, semolina, cookies, and pasta were considered. Attention was paid to the development of sample treatment protocols for each type of sample to avoid potential artifacts such as aggregation or agglomeration. The analytical protocols developed followed by ICP-MS and SEM investigations allowed us the quantitative determination and the morphological and dimensional characterization of metal nano- and microparticles isolated from the raw materials and finished food products considered. The ICP-MS method was validated in terms of linearity (0.8–80 μg/g and 0.09–9 μg/g for Fe and Ti, respectively), quantification limits (0.73 μg/g for Fe and 0.09 μg/g for Ti), repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) % equal to 10% for Fe and 20% in a wheat matrix as an example), and extraction recoveries (93 ± 2–101 ± 2%). Validation of the scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) measurements was performed working in a dimensional range from 1 to 100 μm with an estimated error in the size determination equal to 0.5 μm. ICP-MS data as well as SEM measurements showed a decrease in the concentration of metal particles from wheat to flour and from durum wheat to semolina samples, thus indicating an external contamination of grains by metal particles. These findings were confirmed by environmental SEM analysis, which allowed investigation of particles of lower dimensions. Generally, the largest number of particles was found in the case of iron and titanium, whereas particles of copper and zinc were only occasionally found without any possibility of quantifying their number. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5149-2 Authors D. Beltrami, Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy D. Calestani, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy M. Maffini, Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy M. Suman, Barilla Food Research Labs, via Mantova 166, 43100 Parma, Italy B. Melegari, Barilla Food Research Labs, via Mantova 166, 43100 Parma, Italy A. Zappettini, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy L. Zanotti, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy U. Casellato, ICIS-CNR, Area della Ricerca, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy M. Careri, Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy A. Mangia, Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are two analytical methods that are very rarely used in combination. In this paper, we will show that the methods complement one another in the example of the distribution of stable nitroxide radicals in human skin, including the spatial resolution of these distribution processes. There are many ESR investigations dealing with this subject, but unfortunately, they are all limited to the detection of paramagnetic species. The combination with MS allows the successful examination of the distribution profile of the main biotransformation product of the nitroxide radicals, the respective “ESR-silent” hydroxylamines. In order to maintain the biological state of the sample material as far as possible, atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with ion trap detection has been used for the mass spectrometric investigations. The results validate the former findings of the strong reduction of stable free radicals by biological material; moreover, the diamagnetic species formed during these processes have been identified. Figure  Comparison of the ESR and MS results concerning the distribution of the nitroxide radical CAT-1 and CAT-1-H in a human skin biopsy Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5150-9 Authors U. Hochkirch, Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany W. Herrmann, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany R. Stößer, Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany M. Linscheid, Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany H.-H. Borchert, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Fine needle aspirates (FNAs) of suspicious breast lesions are often used to aid the diagnosis of female breast cancer. Biospectroscopy tools facilitate the acquisition of a biochemical cell fingerprint representative of chemical bonds present in a biological sample. The mid-infrared (IR; 4,000–400 cm −1 ) is absorbed by the chemical bonds present, allowing one to derive an absorbance spectrum. Complementary to IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy measures the scattering by chemical bonds following excitation by a laser to generate an intensity spectrum. Our objective was to apply these methods to determine whether a biospectroscopy approach could objectively segregate different categories of FNAs. FNAs of breast tissue were collected ( n  = 48) in a preservative solution and graded into categories by a cytologist as C1 (non-diagnostic), C2 (benign), C3 (suspicious, probably benign) or C5 (malignant) [or C4 (suspicious, probably malignant); no samples falling within this category were identified during the collection period of the study]. Following washing, the cellular material was transferred onto BaF 2 (IR-transparent) slides for interrogation by Raman or Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) microspectroscopy. In some cases where sufficient material was obtained, this was transferred to low-E (IR-reflective) glass slides for attenuated total reflection–FTIR spectroscopy. The spectral datasets produced from these techniques required multivariate analysis for data handling. Principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis was performed independently on each of the spectral datasets for only C2, C3 and C5. The resulting scores plots revealed a marked overlap of C2 with C3 and C5, although the latter pair were both significantly segregated ( P  〈 0.001) in the Raman spectra. Good separation was observed between C3 and C5 in all three spectral datasets. Analysis performed on the average spectra showed the presence of three distinct cytological groups. Our findings suggest that biospectroscopy tools coupled with multivariate analysis may support the current FNA tests whilst increasing the sensitivity and associated reliability for improved diagnostics. Figure  Average IR spectra derived from different categories of FNA specimens Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5137-6 Authors Jemma G. Kelly, Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK Abdullah A. Ahmadzai, Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK Paul Hermansen, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT UK Mark A. Pitt, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT UK Zuhair Saidan, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT UK Pierre L. Martin-Hirsch, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT UK Francis L. Martin, Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    A new resistance-type sensor based on Prussian blue film has been fabricated for the detection of chlorobenzene vapor. The effect of Prussian blue preparation conditions on the response of sensor was studied. The sensor exhibited good response and selectivity to chlorobenzene vapor. The sensor prepared with Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at 298 K has response 8.5 at operating voltage of 10 V. The selectivity of the sensor to chlorobenzene against all other tested gases is exceeding almost by 5.6 times. The sensor showed linear response to chlorobenzene vapor in the concentration range of 24–169 ppm at room temperature and at a 10 V operating voltage. The response and recovery time of the sensor was about 18 and 12 s, respectively. Sensor stability test indicated the sensor had a good stability. Furthermore, seven real samples of chlorobenzene vapor was measured using the sensor. The relative error was in the range of about ±1.3%. Figure  Response to different gases of the sensor based on Prussian blue prepared with Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at 298 K Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5143-8 Authors Tiexiang Fu, Department of Chemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Wanjiali Road, Changsha, 410004 Hunan, China Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Egyptian blue has been identified in a painting from 1524 by the Italian artist Ortolano Ferrarese (Giovanni Battista Benvenuto). Egyptian blue is the oldest known synthetic pigment, invented by the Egyptians in the fourth dynasty (2613–2494  bc ) of the Old Kingdom and extensively used throughout Antiquity. From about 1000  a.d ., it disappeared from the historical record and was only reinvented in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The discovery of Egyptian blue in Ortolano Ferrarese’s painting from 1524 shows that Egyptian blue was in fact available in the period from which it is normally considered not to exist. The identification of Egyptian blue is based on optical microscopy supported by energy-dispersive spectroscopy and visual light photon-induced spectroscopy, and finally confirmed by Raman microspectroscopy. Figure  St. Margaret by Giovanni Batista Benvenuto. National Gallery of Denmark. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5140-y Authors Jørn Bredal-Jørgensen, School of Conservation, Esplanaden 34, 1263 Copenhagen K, Denmark Jana Sanyova, Laboratories of IRPA/KIK, Parc du Cinquantenaire, 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Vibeke Rask, School of Conservation, Esplanaden 34, 1263 Copenhagen K, Denmark Maria Louise Sargent, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Dantes Plads 7, 1556 Copenhagen V, Denmark Rikke Hoberg Therkildsen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Dantes Plads 7, 1556 Copenhagen V, Denmark Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Chlorophyll a fluorescence has been extensively studied over the last few years. As demonstrated, this phenomenon is closely related to the state of photosystem II, which plays a leading role in the photosynthetic process, and therefore it has become a powerful tool to investigate this complex and any damage occurring in it as a result of physical or chemical stresses. This means that by using photosynthetic organisms as biological probes, one can consider chlorophyll a fluorescence as one of the techniques of choice to reveal the presence of some hazardous toxicants widely spread in the environment. Herbicides, pesticides, and heavy metals, whose concentration in water and food products is generally subject to extremely severe restrictions, are a concrete example of compounds detectable by chlorophyll a fluorescence. These dangerous substances react with the photosystem II, modifying the fluorescence emitted and giving responses which vary in a concentration-dependent manner. The possibility of performing easy, fast, and direct measurements of the fluorescence, even under light conditions, has opened new frontiers for the analysis in situ of pollutants. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the different techniques based on chlorophyll a fluorescence spectrometry, focusing in particular on those which represented the starting point for applications addressed to the assessment of toxic compounds in environmental samples. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5166-1 Authors K. Buonasera, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Rome I Research Area, Via Salaria Km 29, 300, 00015 Monterontodo Scalo, Rome, Italy M. Lambreva, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Rome I Research Area, Via Salaria Km 29, 300, 00015 Monterontodo Scalo, Rome, Italy G. Rea, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Rome I Research Area, Via Salaria Km 29, 300, 00015 Monterontodo Scalo, Rome, Italy E. Touloupakis, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Rome I Research Area, Via Salaria Km 29, 300, 00015 Monterontodo Scalo, Rome, Italy M. T. Giardi, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Rome I Research Area, Via Salaria Km 29, 300, 00015 Monterontodo Scalo, Rome, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Because of the emergence of dried blood spots (DBS) as an attractive alternative to conventional venous plasma sampling in many pharmaceutical companies and clinical laboratories, different analytical approaches have been developed to enable automated handling of DBS samples without any pretreatment. Associated with selective and sensitive MS–MS detection, these procedures give good results in the rapid identification and quantification of drugs (generally less than 3 min total run time), which is desirable because of the high throughput requirements of analytical laboratories. The objective of this review is to describe the analytical concepts of current direct DBS techniques and to present their advantages and disadvantages, with particular focus on automation capacity and commercial availability. Finally, an overview of the different biomedical applications in which these concepts could be of major interest will be presented. Figure  Direct analysis of dried blood spots Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5161-6 Authors Julien Déglon, Unit of Toxicology, CURML, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Aurélien Thomas, Unit of Toxicology, CURML, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Patrice Mangin, Unit of Toxicology, CURML, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Christian Staub, Unit of Toxicology, CURML, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description: Perry G. Wang (Ed.): Monolithic chromatography and its modern applications Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5175-0 Authors Frantisek Svec, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, The Molecular Foundry, Mailstop 67R6110, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    There is currently a renewed focus aimed at understanding allosteric mechanisms at atomic resolution. This current interest seeks to understand how both changes in protein conformations and changes in protein dynamics contribute to relaying an allosteric signal between two ligand binding sites on a protein (e.g., active and allosteric sites). Both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), by monitoring protein dynamics directly, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange, by monitoring solvent accessibility of backbone amides, offer insights into protein dynamics. Unfortunately, many allosteric proteins exceed the size limitations of standard NMR techniques. Although hydrogen/deuterium exchange as detected by mass spectrometry (H/DX-MS) offers an alternative evaluation method, any application of hydrogen/deuterium exchange requires that the property being measured functions in both H 2 O and D 2 O. Due to the promising future H/DX-MS has in the evaluation of allosteric mechanisms in large proteins, we demonstrate an evaluation of allosteric regulation in D 2 O. Exemplified using phenylalanine inhibition of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase, we find that binding of the inhibitor is greatly reduced in D 2 O, but the effector continues to elicit an allosteric response. Figure  Determining allosteric coupling in H 2 O vs D 2 O. K app-Phe as a function of the concentration of PEP Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-4 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5133-x Authors Charulata B. Prasannan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 3030, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Antonio Artigues, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 3030, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Aron W. Fenton, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 3030, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    We describe a fast and robust ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of phospholipid (PL) species in EDTA-plasma samples. We quantified total phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SM) and several species within these classes using one or two external calibrators and one internal standard for each class. Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 〈10% for the most abundant species and 〈20% for all quantified PC, LPC, and SM species and the three most abundant PE species. Coefficients of linear regression were R 2  〉 0.98. Mean recoveries were between 83% and 123%. The limits of detection were 0.37 μmol/L for PC, 4.02 μmol/L for LPC, 3.75 μmol/L for PE, and 0.86 μmol/L for SM. Quantification was linear over the physiological ranges for PE, LPC, and SM and up to 500 μmol/L for PC. The concentrations of PLs in the plasma of healthy donors yielded results that were comparable with those of previous works. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5154-5 Authors Yannick Rabagny, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Building 57, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany Wolfgang Herrmann, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Building 57, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany Jürgen Geisel, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Building 57, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany Susanne H. Kirsch, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Building 57, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany Rima Obeid, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Building 57, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    A simple wipe sampling procedure was developed for the surface contamination determination of ten cytotoxic drugs: cytarabine, gemcitabine, methotrexate, etoposide phosphate, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, irinotecan, doxorubicin, epirubicin and vincristine. Wiping was performed using Whatman filter paper on different surfaces such as stainless steel, polypropylene, polystyrol, glass, latex gloves, computer mouse and coated paperboard. Wiping and desorption procedures were investigated: The same solution containing 20% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water gave the best results. After ultrasonic desorption and then centrifugation, samples were analysed by a validated liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring mode. The whole analytical strategy from wipe sampling to LC–MS/MS analysis was evaluated to determine quantitative performance. The lowest limit of quantification of 10 ng per wiping sample (i.e. 0.1 ng cm −2 ) was determined for the ten investigated cytotoxic drugs. Relative standard deviation for intermediate precision was always inferior to 20%. As recovery was dependent on the tested surface for each drug, a correction factor was determined and applied for real samples. The method was then successfully applied at the cytotoxic production unit of the Geneva University Hospitals pharmacy. Figure  Wipe sampling procedure for the determination of cytotoxic drugs Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5157-2 Authors Susanne Nussbaumer, Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland Laurent Geiser, Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Farshid Sadeghipour, Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland Denis Hochstrasser, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne,, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Pascal Bonnabry, Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland Jean-Luc Veuthey, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne,, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Sandrine Fleury-Souverain, Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Separation of inspiratory, mixed expired and alveolar air is indispensable for reliable analysis of VOC breath biomarkers. Time resolution of direct mass spectrometers often is not sufficient to reliably resolve the phases of a breathing cycle. To realise fast on-line breath monitoring by means of direct MS utilising low-fragmentation soft ionisation, a data processing algorithm was developed to identify inspiratory and alveolar phases from MS data without any additional equipment. To test the algorithm selected breath biomarkers (acetone, isoprene, acetaldehyde and hexanal) were determined by means of quadrupole proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in seven healthy volunteers during exercise on a stationary bicycle. The results were compared to an off-line reference method consisting of controlled alveolar breath sampling in Tedlar® bags, preconcentration by solid-phase micro extraction (SPME), separation and identification by GC-MS. Based on the data processing method, quantitative attribution of biomarkers to inspiratory, alveolar and mixed expiratory phases was possible at any time during the experiment, even under respiratory rates up to 60/min. Alveolar concentrations of the breath markers, measured by PTR-MS ranged from 130 to 2,600 ppb (acetone), 10 to 540 ppb (isoprene), 2 to 31 ppb (acetaldehyde), whereas the concentrations of hexanal were always below the limit of detection (LOD) of 3 ppb. There was good correlation between on-line PTR-MS and SPME-GC-MS measurements during phases with stable physiological parameters but results diverged during rapid changes of heart rate and minute ventilation. This clearly demonstrates the benefits of breath-resolved MS for fast on-line monitoring of exhaled VOCs. Figure  Experimental setup showing bicycle ergometer and analytical pathways: Right side PTR-MS: identification of respiratory phases by means of the new algorithm. Left side: confirmation of PTR-MS data for exhaled isoprene by means of GC-MS analysis Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5173-2 Authors Henny Schwoebel, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany Roland Schubert, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany Martin Sklorz, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenz Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany Sabine Kischkel, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany Ralf Zimmermann, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenz Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany Jochen K. Schubert, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany Wolfram Miekisch, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The phase diagram of the frustrated J 1 - J 2 - J 3 S = 1/2 Heisenberg model on a square lattice is studied in the range of parameters corresponding to the spin-liquid state of the system. The study is performed using the self-consistent two-time retarded spin-spin Green’s functions, which do not break both translational and SU (2) symmetries. The inclusion of the damping of spin fluctuations allows us to obtain a good agreement with the cluster calculations. Using a consistent analytical approach, we have found continuous transitions via the spin-liquid state between the phases with three types of the long-range order: checkerboard, stripe, and ( k, k ) helical. In addition, there are indications confirming the existence of the ( k, π ) helical phase. Content Type Journal Article Pages 377-383 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070071 Authors A. V. Mikheenkov, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow region, 142092 Russia A. V. Shvartsberg, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow region, 142092 Russia N. A. Kozlov, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow region, 141700 Russia A. F. Barabanov, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow region, 142092 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    The thermal denaturation of lysozyme heated from 293 to 355 K has been studied using Brillouin light scattering. An anomalous temperature behavior of the velocity and damping of hypersound, which is accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of the Brillouin components in the experiments with the 180° scattering geometry and almost complete their disappearance in the case of the 90° scattering geometry, has been observed at the sol-gel transition in the vicinity of 343 K. Such anomalies in the light scattering spectra are absent for a sodium acetate buffer used to prepare protein solutions. A mechanism describing the behavior of the intensities of the Brillouin components has been proposed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 409-414 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011070113 Authors A. V. Svanidze, Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504 Russia V. P. Romanov, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia S. G. Lushnikov, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    The quasiparticle lifetime in a two-dimensional direct band semimetal limited by inelastic Coulomb scattering has been calculated in the case where two types of charge carriers are present. It has been shown that the electron lifetime at low and high concentrations of holes is mainly determined by the electron-hole and electron-electron scattering, respectively. Content Type Journal Article Pages 399-402 DOI 10.1134/S002136401107006X Authors V. M. Kovalev, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia A. V. Chaplik, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 7

Description:    A new prototype based on a microsecond pulsed glow discharge ion source coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer was recently designed, constructed and analytically evaluated in our laboratory for simultaneous collection of elemental and molecular information, and as a gas-chromatographic detector of compounds of environmental concern. To investigate further the analytical capabilities of such a new setup, its capability for the determination of element ratios in volatile organic halogenated compounds has been explored. Moreover, compound-independent calibration has been carried out with the prototype as well. The results demonstrated that the intensity ratios (analyte to internal standard) were linear with the corresponding ratio of concentrations. Both for chlorine and bromine (measured in the prepeak) and for BrC (measured in the plateau) the slope was 1 and the intercept was 0. Moreover, detection limits were improved by more than 1 order of magnitude as compared with using external calibration. The applicability of the proposed approach has been demonstrated for the straightforward determination of chloroform in drinking and river waters. Figure  The ability of a new GC-μsGD-MS(TOF) prototype for the determination of elemental ratios and compound-independent calibration of organic analytes has been successfully evaluated Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5145-6 Authors Auristela Solà-Vázquez, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain José M. Costa-Fernández, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain Rosario Pereiro, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain Alfredo Sanz-Medel, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method for the direct analysis in oral fluid (OF) of several abused drugs and metabolites in a single chromatographic run was set up and validated. Amphetamine, methamphetamine, morphine, O -6-monoacetylmorphine, cocaine, codeine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methadone, benzoylecgonine (BEG), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ketamine, and cocaethylene were determined in a single chromatographic run with no sample pretreatment, after addition of the respective deuterated internal standards. The method was designed to perform a confirmation analysis on the residual OF samples after the preliminary on-site screening test, and it was applied on preservative buffers from different devices (Mavand Rapidstat, Concateno DDS, and Greiner Bio-One) or on neat OF samples. The method was suitable to be applied to the small amounts of sample available for the confirmatory analysis after the preliminary on-site screening or on undiluted OF samples. Limits of detection varied from 5 (morphine) to 0.2 ng/mL (methamphetamine, MDMA, BEG, and cocaethylene). The method was linear for all the substances involved, giving quadratic correlation coefficients of 〉0.99 in all the different preservative buffers checked. In addition, repeatability and accuracy were satisfactory for the majority of the substances, except for a few cases. The developed method was subsequently applied to 466 residual samples from on-site screening performed by police officers. Of these samples, 74 showed the presence of cocaine and metabolites; THC was detected in 49 samples. Two samples showed codeine and morphine while MDMA was detected in 11 samples and ketamine in four samples. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-16 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5108-y Authors Sabina Strano-Rossi, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy Luca Anzillotti, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy Erika Castrignanò, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy Marialinda Felli, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy Giovanni Serpelloni, Department of Antidrug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Via Po 16/A, 00198 Rome, Italy Roberto Mollica, Department of Antidrug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Via Po 16/A, 00198 Rome, Italy Marcello Chiarotti, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Chemometric analysis of a set of one-dimensional (1D) 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data for heparin sodium active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) samples was employed to distinguish USP-grade heparin samples from those containing oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) contaminant and/or unacceptable levels of dermatan sulfate (DS) impurity. Three chemometric pattern recognition approaches were implemented: classification and regression tree (CART), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM). Heparin sodium samples from various manufacturers were analyzed in 2008 and 2009 by 1D 1 H NMR, strong anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, and percent galactosamine in total hexosamine tests. Based on these data, the samples were divided into three groups: Heparin , DS ≤ 1.0% and OSCS = 0%; DS , DS 〉 1.0% and OSCS = 0%; and OSCS , OSCS 〉 0% with any content of DS. Three data sets corresponding to different chemical shift regions (1.95–2.20, 3.10–5.70, and 1.95–5.70 ppm) were evaluated. While all three chemometric approaches were able to effectively model the data in the 1.95–2.20 ppm region, SVM was found to substantially outperform CART and ANN for data in the 3.10–5.70 ppm region in terms of classification success rate. A 100% prediction rate was frequently achieved for discrimination between heparin and OSCS samples. The majority of classification errors between heparin and DS involved cases where the DS content was close to the 1.0% DS borderline between the two classes. When these borderline samples were removed, nearly perfect classification results were attained. Satisfactory results were achieved when the resulting models were challenged by test samples containing blends of heparin APIs spiked with non-, partially, or fully oversulfated chondroitin sulfate A, heparan sulfate, or DS at the 1.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0% ( w / w ) levels. This study demonstrated that the combination of 1D 1 H NMR spectroscopy with multivariate chemometric methods is a nonsubjective, statistics-based approach for heparin quality control and purity assessment that, once standardized, minimizes the need for expert analysts. Figure  Contour plot from grid search of the optimal values of γ and C for the SVM model Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5155-4 Authors Qingda Zang, Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA David A. Keire, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, CDER, St. Louis, MO 63101, USA Lucinda F. Buhse, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, CDER, St. Louis, MO 63101, USA Richard D. Wood, Snowdon, Inc., 1 Deer Park Drive, Suite H-3, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA Dinesh P. Mital, Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Related Professions, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07107, USA Syed Haque, Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Related Professions, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07107, USA Shankar Srinivasan, Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Related Professions, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07107, USA Christine M. V. Moore, Office of New Drug Quality Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA Moheb Nasr, Office of New Drug Quality Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA Ali Al-Hakim, Office of New Drug Quality Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA Michael L. Trehy, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, CDER, St. Louis, MO 63101, USA William J. Welsh, Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Optical Fano resonances due to resonant eigenmodes in a layered periodically-modulated structure (photonic crystal slab) are investigated theoretically. The special attention is focused on the behavior of the resonances near a diffraction threshold. A new formulation of the resonant mode approximation for the optical scattering matrix near the diffraction threshold anomalies is proposed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 427-430 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080029 Authors A. B. Akimov, Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia N. A. Gippius, Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia S. G. Tikhodeev, Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    A theory of the nonresonant response of a single atom in a state with arbitrary magnitude and direction of the angular momentum of an atomic electron with respect to the polarization vector of the acting electromagnetic field has been developed. It has been shown that the atomic response current has a tensor structure and depends both on the direction of the angular momentum of the atom and on the polarization vector of the external field. The tensor character of the response is due to the effects of the anisotropy of probability density distribution of the atomic electron as compared to the case of the free atom. The selection rules for the axisymmetric problem of the atom in the field have been analyzed. The manifestation of the selection rules in the angular spectra of photoelectrons has been demonstrated. The probability of the ionization of the atom has been analyzed as a function of the amplitude and duration of the pulse. It has been shown that the width of the generation spectrum is a nonlinear function of the field strength and is saturated in the region of nearly atomic fields. Methods for controlling the parameters of the atomic response spectrum have been proposed on the basis of the use of a sequence of laser pulses with various time profiles, carrier frequencies, and polarization states. It has been shown that the generation of terahertz radiation is possible in the preionization regime, where the generation mechanism is attributed to atomic nonlinearity. Content Type Journal Article Pages 476-486 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080030 Authors A. V. Andreev, Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia S. Yu. Stremoukhov, Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia O. A. Shoutova, Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    According to neurobiological experiments, the effect of the appearance of spontaneous bioelectric discharges in neural networks of the brain satisfies the statistics of self-organized criticality. Theoretical investigations indicate that the critical behavior is an optimal regime for the storage and processing of information in the brain. Many model works focused on the approximation of the experimental data and on the investigation of information characteristics of signals, whereas the problem of dynamical mechanisms of their avalanche generation remains almost unstudied. The conditions of the appearance of high-frequency discharges at the critical dynamical threshold have been analyzed in the framework of the biophysical model of the neuronal network. A probabilistic model of the layer-by-layer activation of cells, which makes it possible to estimate the key relations between the parameters for avalanche generation of the discharge, has been proposed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 470-475 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011080133 Authors A. Yu. Simonov, Nizhni Novgorod State University, pr. Gagarina 23, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia V. B. Kazantsev, Nizhni Novgorod State University, pr. Gagarina 23, Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 8

Description:    In the field of inhalation toxicology, progress in the development of in vitro methods and efficient exposure strategies now offers the implementation of cellular-based systems. These can be used to analyze the hazardous potency of airborne substances like gases, particles, and complex mixtures (combustion products). In addition, the regulatory authorities require the integration of such approaches to reduce or replace animal experiments. Although the animal experiment currently still has to provide the last proof of the toxicological potency and classification of a certain compound, in vitro testing is gaining more and more importance in toxicological considerations. This paper gives a brief characterization of the CULTEX® Radial Flow System exposure device, which allows the exposure of cultivated cells as well as bacteria under reproducible and stable conditions for studying cellular and genotoxic effects after the exposure at the air–liquid or air–agar interface, respectively. A commercial bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-) as well as Salmonella typhimurium tester strains were exposed to smoke of different research and commercial available cigarettes. A dose-dependent reduction of cell viability was found in the case of 16HBE14o- cells; S. typhimurium responded with a dose-dependent induction of revertants. The promising results recommend the integration of cellular studies in the field of inhalation toxicology and their regulatory acceptance by advancing appropriate validation studies. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5163-4 Authors Michaela Aufderheide, CULTEX Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany Stefanie Scheffler, CULTEX Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany Niklas Möhle, CULTEX Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany Beat Halter, Halter Engineering GmbH, Huebstr. 16, 9100 Herisau, Switzerland Dieter Hochrainer, Vor der Hardt 16, 57392 Oberkirchen, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Historical nomenclature has not always been unequivocally associated with the botanical origin of natural resins. The availability of natural resins has changed throughout the centuries and so have their trade names. Furthermore, adulterations and lack of knowledge have led to variations in the composition of the products traded under the same name. This investigation aims at a new understanding of the interrelation between the historical and modern terms for natural resins. Different Pinaceae and Pistacia resins, mastic, sandarac, copaiba balm and burgundy pitch from Vigani’s Cabinet, a 300-year-old pharmaceutical collection owned by Queens’ College, Cambridge (UK) were investigated. Related reference materials from modern collections were analysed together with natural resins derived from reliable botanical sources. The analytical method was gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with and without derivatisation with trimethylsulfonium hydroxide. This technique provided detailed molecular compositions of the studied materials, which in turn led to particular data profiles of the materials. Marker molecules of Copaifera , Pinaceae, Cupressaceae and Pistacia resins were identified. By comparing the GC-MS data profiles to the reference samples, a clearer picture of the connection between nomenclature and botanical origin was obtained. With the aid of the marker molecules and data profiles, it was then possible to clarify the nomenclature of the aged resins sampled from Vigani’s Cabinet. Figure  Four drawers from the Vigani Cabinet Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5169-y Authors Gundel Steigenberger, Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Christoph Herm, Laboratory of Archaeometry, Academy of Fine Arts Dresden, Güntzstraße 34, 01307 Dresden, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description: Erratum to: “Ternary Compounds Based on Binary Topological Insulators As an Efficient Way for Modifying the Dirac Cone” Content Type Journal Article Pages 298-298 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011050110 Authors T. V. Menshchikova, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia S. V. Eremeev, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634021 Russia Yu. M. Koroteev, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634021 Russia V. M. Kuznetsov, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia E. V. Chulkov, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and CFM, Centro Mixto CSIC_UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastian, Spain Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 5

Description:    Electromagnetic radiation of 1–10 THz range is observed at room temperature in a structure with a point contact between a ferromagnetic rod and a thin ferromagnetic film under electric current of high enough density. The radiation is due to nonequilibrium spin injection between the components of the structure. By estimates, the injection can lead to inverted population of the spin subbands. The radiation power exceeds by orders of magnitude the thermal background (with the Joule heating taken into account) and follows the current without inertia. Content Type Journal Article Pages 259-262 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011050055 Authors Yu. V. Gulyaev, Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Moscow region, 141190 Russia P. E. Zilberman, Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Moscow region, 141190 Russia I. V. Malikov, Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia G. M. Mikhailov, Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia A. I. Panas, Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Moscow region, 141190 Russia S. G. Chigarev, Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Moscow region, 141190 Russia E. M. Epshtein, Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Moscow region, 141190 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 5

Description:    A simplified scheme has been proposed for quantum computations on ensembles of identical fermions with quadratic slowing as compared to the abstract scheme of a quantum computer. An advantage of the proposed scheme is tunneling control, whereas the interaction between qubits is assumed to be diagonal and does not require control. It is reasonable to use the proposed scheme to implement fast quantum algorithms, in particular, Shor’s algorithm. Content Type Journal Article Pages 290-291 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011050080 Authors Yu. I. Ozhigov, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 5

Description:    Vortex structure in FeTe 0.66 Se 0.44 and FeTe 0.6 Se 0.4 single crystals with T c ∼ 11.7 and 14.5 K, respectively, has been studied using the decoration technique. It has been found that in single crystals with the simplest crystalline structure of 11-family iron-containing superconductors (without interlayers), no regular vortex lattice is observed, similar to the case of the previously studied 122 and 1111 families. Using transmission electron microscopy, the dislocation structure with a density of ∼10 9 cm −2 has been observed. The problem of pinning in iron-containing superconductor single crystals is discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 287-289 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011050109 Authors L. Ya. Vinnikov, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia A. V. Radaev, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia I. S. Veshchunov, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432 Russia A. G. Troshina, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia Y. Liu, Max-Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany C. T. Lin, Max-Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany A. V. Boris, Max-Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 5

Description:    The annihilation of slow (∼7 MeV) antiprotons in nuclear emulsion has been studied. The yields and energy spectra of p, d, t , and α particles in the evaporation region have been measured. The shape of the spectra of p, d , and t is in agreement with the Maxwell distribution and the excitation energy of a nucleus is consistent with a theoretical estimate for evaporation from the equilibrium state. The probability of the absorption of antiprotons inside the nucleus estimated from the multiplicity of h particles is ɛ = (2.0 ± 0.6) × 10 −2 . The relative d / p yield coincides with a similar ratio appearing in the capture of slow π − mesons by nuclei in the nuclear emulsion. The yields of t and α particles in the process of the annihilation of antiprotons are much higher than those in a similar process for pions. To identify g particles (0.29 〈 β 〈 0.70), energy losses dE / dx on ionization and multiple scattering have been measured. In this velocity region, the yields of p, d, t , and pions have been observed. The ratios ( n d / n p ) g , ( n d / n p ) b , and n d / n p measured in the capture of π − mesons are almost the same. In this velocity range ( g particles), α particles have not been observed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 253-258 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011050043 Authors V. V. Dubinina, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ul. Bol’shaya Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117259 Russia N. P. Egorenkova, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ul. Bol’shaya Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117259 Russia E. A. Pozharova, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ul. Bol’shaya Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117259 Russia V. A. Smirnitskii, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ul. Bol’shaya Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117259 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 5

Description:    The sensitive and specific detection of analytes such as proteins in biological samples is critical for a variety of applications, for example disease diagnosis. In immunoassays a signal in response to the concentration of analyte present is generated by use of antibodies labeled with radioisotopes, luminophores, or enzymes. All immunoassays suffer to some extent from the problem of the background signal observed in the absence of analyte, which limits the sensitivity and dynamic range that can be achieved. This is especially the case for homogeneous immunoassays and surface measurements on tissue sections and membranes, which typically have a high background because of sample autofluorescence. One way of minimizing background in immunoassays involves the use of lanthanide chelate labels. Luminescent lanthanide complexes have exceedingly long-lived luminescence in comparison with conventional fluorophores, enabling the short-lived background interferences to be removed via time-gated acquisition and delivering greater assay sensitivity and a broader dynamic range. This review highlights the potential of using lanthanide luminescence to design sensitive and specific immunoassays. Techniques for labeling biomolecules with lanthanide chelate tags are discussed, with aspects of chelate design. Microtitre plate-based heterogeneous and homogeneous assays are reviewed and compared in terms of sensitivity, dynamic range, and convenience. The great potential of surface-based time-resolved imaging techniques for biomolecules on gels, membranes, and tissue sections using lanthanide tracers in proteomics applications is also emphasized. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-18 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5047-7 Authors A. K. Hagan, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany T. Zuchner, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    A new transmission-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method for the direct determination of free fatty acids (FFA) in edible oils has been developed using the developed spectral reconstitution (SR) technique. Conventional neat-oil and SR calibrations were devised by spiking hexanoic acid into FFA-free canola oil and measuring the response to added FFA at 1,712 cm −1 referenced to a baseline at 1,600 cm −1 (1,712 cm −1 /1,600 cm −1 ). To compensate for the known oil dependency of such calibration equations resulting from variation of the triacylglycerol ester (C═O) absorption with differences in oil saponification number (SN), a correction equation was devised by recording the spectra of blends of two FFA-free oils (canola and coconut) differing substantially in SN and correlating the intensity of the ester (C═O) absorption at the FFA measurement location with the intensity of the first overtone of this vibration, measured at 3,471 cm −1 /3,427 cm −1 . Further examination of the spectra of the oil blends by generalized 2D correlation spectroscopy revealed an additional strong correlation with an absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) combination band region, which led to the development of a second correction equation based on the absorbance at 4,258 cm −1 /4,235 cm −1 . The NIR-based correction equation yielded superior results and was shown to completely eliminate biases due to variations in oil SN, thereby making a single FFA calibration generally applicable to oils, regardless of SN. FTIR methodology incorporating this correction equation and employing the SR technique has been automated. Figure  SR spectra of FFA-free canola oil and coconut oil, illustrating their relative absorption profiles in the FFA measurement region (1,712 cm −1 ) (A) as well as the relative intensities of the first overtone of the triacylglycerol ester linkage ν (C═O) absorption (B), demonstrates that the correlating band (3,471 cm −1 ) can overcome oil dependency in FTIR FFA analysis of edible oils Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5036-x Authors Xiuzhu Yu, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 28 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China F. R. van de Voort, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada Jacqueline Sedman, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada Jin-ming Gao, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Next-generation sequencing provides technologies which sequence whole prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes in days, perform genome-wide association studies, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and RNA sequencing for transcriptome studies. An exponentially growing volume of sequence data can be anticipated, yet functional interpretation does not keep pace with the amount of data produced. In principle, these data contain all the secrets of living systems, the genotype–phenotype relationship. Firstly, it is possible to derive the structure and connectivity of the metabolic network from the genotype of an organism in the form of the stoichiometric matrix N . This is, however, static information. Strategies for genome-scale measurement, modelling and predicting of dynamic metabolic networks need to be applied. Consequently, metabolomics science—the quantitative measurement of metabolism in conjunction with metabolic modelling—is a key discipline for the functional interpretation of whole genomes and especially for testing the numerical predictions of metabolism based on genome-scale metabolic network models. In this context, a systematic equation is derived based on metabolomics covariance data and the genome-scale stoichiometric matrix which describes the genotype–phenotype relationship. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4948-9 Authors Wolfram Weckwerth, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry was used to analyze donor eye tissue specimens for phospholipid content to evaluate lipid distribution. Phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins were detected in the positive ion mode using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix. During this study, unknown ion signals in the lower m/z region (less than m/z 400) were detected, mainly in the far periphery of human flat-mounted tissue but not in age-matched rhesus monkey tissue prepared in a similar manner. The unknown ion signals occurred at m/z 304, 332, 360, and 388. These ions were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry directly from the tissue sample, and exact mass measurements of extracts were prepared for further identification. These ions were identified as alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium surfactants (benzalkonium chlorides (BACs)). The classification of these species was verified by comparing an eye tissue extract to an over-the-counter eye-care product containing BACs. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5044-x Authors Timothy J. Garrett, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Robert F. Menger, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA William W. Dawson, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Richard A. Yost, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging has been used to investigate brain tumor angiogenesis using a mice solid tumor model and bare-gold (∅ 25 nm) or BaSO 4 (∅ 500 nm) nanoparticles (NP) injected into blood vasculature. FTIR images of 20-μm-thick tissue sections were used for chemical histology of healthy and tumor areas. Distribution of BaSO 4 -NP (using the 1,218–1,159 cm −1 spectral interval) revealed clearly all details of blood vasculature with morphological abnormalities of tumor capillaries, while Au-NP (using the 1,046–1,002 cm −1 spectral interval) revealed also diffusion properties of leaky blood vessels. Diffusion of Au-NP out of vascular space reached 64 ± 29 μm, showing the fenestration of “leaky” tumor blood vessels, which should allow small NP (〈100 nm, as for Au-NP) to diffuse almost freely, while large NP should not (as for BaSO 4 -NP in this study). Therefore, we propose to develop FTIR imaging as a convenient tool for functional molecular histology imaging of brain tumor vasculature, both for identifying blood capillaries and for determining the extravascular diffusion space offered by vessel fenestration. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5069-1 Authors Razia Noreen, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248 CBMN, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33604 Pessac, France Raphael Pineau, INSERM U920, Université de Bordeaux 1, Avenue des facultés, 33604 Pessac, France Chia-Chi Chien, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan, China Mariangela Cestelli-Guidi, INFN LNF, 40 Via Enrico Fermi, 00044 Frascati-Roma, Italy Yeukuang Hwu, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan, China Augusto Marcelli, INFN LNF, 40 Via Enrico Fermi, 00044 Frascati-Roma, Italy Michel Moenner, INSERM U920, Université de Bordeaux 1, Avenue des facultés, 33604 Pessac, France Cyril Petibois, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248 CBMN, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33604 Pessac, France Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Passive exposure to tobacco smoke causes a variety of illnesses ranging from allergic responses to cancer. Assessment of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS), particularly among vulnerable populations enables intervention and prevention of future disease. A minimally invasive oral fluids-based onsite test to detect such exposure would create a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians. Here we describe the development of a test that uses an inexpensive reader that utilizes a CMOS image sensor to reliably quantify a reporter signal and determine nicotine exposure. The rapid lateral flow test consists of a nitrocellulose strip with a control line containing goat anti-rabbit IgG, used as an internal standard, and a test line containing BSA–cotinine conjugate. To run the test, diluted sample containing antibodies against cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, is mixed with protein A–gold nanoparticles and placed on the sample pad. As the sample runs up to the nitrocellulose pad, antibodies in the running buffer bind to available cotinine. If cotinine is absent, the antibodies will bind to the BSA–cotinine derivative immobilized on the test line, resulting in an intense purple–red band. The concentration of cotinine equivalents in the sample can be estimated from interpretation of the test line. In this article we describe the effect of different cotinine derivatives, oral fluid pretreatment, and application and running buffers on assay sensitivity. The test can reliably detect as little as 2 ng mL −1 cotinine equivalents. The assay is sensitive, simple, rapid, inexpensive, and easily implementable in point-of-care facilities to detect second-hand smoke exposure. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5051-y Authors Jesus M. Gonzalez, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 6 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA Michael W. Foley, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 6 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA Natalie M. Bieber, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 6 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA Peter A. Bourdelle, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 6 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA R. Sam Niedbala, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 6 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made polymers with high selectivity for a given analyte, or group of structurally related compounds. The influence of the process parameters (the moles of functional monomer and cross-linker, the selection of functional monomer and solvent) on the preparation of oseltamivir (OS)-imprinted polymers was investigated. A mathematical method for uniform design to optimize these selected parameters and to increase the MIP selectivity for template molecules was applied. The optimal conditions to synthesize MIP were 0.69 mmol 30% acrylamide (AA) + 70% 4-Vinylpyridine (4-VP) and 5.0 mmol ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) copolymerized in 5 ml toluene in the presence of 0.1 mmol OS. MIP showed high affinity and selectivity for separation of the template molecule from other compounds. In the present study, we have established an effective LC-MS/MS method to identify and quantify OS with good sensitivity, accuracy and precision. Figure  A Complexation; B polymerization and template removal; C MIP has high affinity to template molecule; D MIP has some affinity to template molecule analog; E MIP has no affinity to other chemicals with different type from template molecule. a Template molecule; b template molecule analog; c other chemicals Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5063-7 Authors Yajun Yang, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No335, Jiangouyan, Xiaoxihu, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050 China Jianyong Li, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No335, Jiangouyan, Xiaoxihu, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050 China Yurong Liu, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No335, Jiangouyan, Xiaoxihu, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050 China Jiyu Zhang, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No335, Jiangouyan, Xiaoxihu, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050 China Bing Li, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No335, Jiangouyan, Xiaoxihu, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050 China Xuepeng Cai, Lanzhou Institute of Veterinary Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied for the identification of transformation products (TPs) of fluoroquinolone (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and macrolide (azithromycin, erythromycin, and roxitromycin) antimicrobials in wastewater effluents from a Zenon hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor (MBR). The detected TPs were thoroughly characterized using the accurate mass feature for the determination of the tentative molecular formulae and MS-MS experiments for the structural elucidation of unknowns. Several novel TPs, which have not been previously reported in the literature, were identified. The TPs of azithromycin and roxithromycin, identified in MBR effluent, were conjugate compounds, which were formed by phosphorylation of desosamine moiety. Transformation of fluoroquinolones yielded two types of products: conjugates, formed by succinylation of the piperazine ring, and smaller metabolites, formed by an oxidative break-up of piperazine moiety to form the 7-[(2-carboxymethyl)amino] group. A semi-quantitative assessment of these TPs suggested that they might have contributed significantly to the overall balance of antimicrobial residues in MBR effluents and thus to the overall removal efficiency. Determination of TPs during a period of 2 months indicated a conspicuous dynamics, which warrants further research to identify microorganisms involved and treatment conditions leading to their formation. Figure  Proposed structures of the novel transformation products of antimicrobials, formed during MBR wastewater treatment. AZI TP – phosphorylated azithromycin; ROX TP -phosphorylated roxithromycin; NOR TP1 – succinyl norfloxacin; CIP TP1 – succinyl ciprofloxacin; NOR TP2 - 7-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid; CIP TP2 - 7-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5060-x Authors Senka Terzic, Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Ivan Senta, Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Marin Matosic, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Marijan Ahel, Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Currently a large range of pure substance reference materials are available for calibration of doping-control methods. These materials enable traceability to the International System of Units (SI) for the results generated by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited laboratories. Only a small number of prohibited substances have threshold limits for which quantification is highly important. For these analytes only the highest quality reference materials that are available should be used. Many prohibited substances have no threshold limits and reference materials provide essential identity confirmation. For these reference materials the correct identity is critical and the methods used to assess identity in these cases should be critically evaluated. There is still a lack of certified matrix reference materials to support many aspects of doping analysis. However, in key areas a range of urine matrix materials have been produced for substances with threshold limits, for example 19-norandrosterone and testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio. These matrix-certified reference materials (CRMs) are an excellent independent means of checking method recovery and bias and will typically be used in method validation and then regularly as quality-control checks. They can be particularly important in the analysis of samples close to threshold limits, in which measurement accuracy becomes critical. Some reference materials for isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis are available and a matrix material certified for steroid delta values is currently under production. In other new areas, for example the Athlete Biological Passport, peptide hormone testing, designer steroids, and gene doping, reference material needs still need to be thoroughly assessed and prioritised. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5049-5 Authors Lindsey G. Mackay, National Measurement Institute Australia, 1 Suakin Street, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia Rymantas Kazlauskas, National Measurement Institute Australia, 1 Suakin Street, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) were investigated for the determination of Ca, Mg, Zn and Na in milk samples. The accuracy of both methods was evaluated by comparison of the concentration found using LA-ICP-OES and LIBS with classical wet digestion associated with ICP-OES determination. The results were not fully acceptable, with biases from less than 1% to more than 60%. Matrix effects were also investigated. The sample matrix can influence the temperature, electron number density ( n e ) and other excitation characteristics in the ICP. These ICP characteristics were studied and evaluated during ablation of eight milk samples. Differences in n e (from 8.9 to 13.8 × 10 14  cm −3 ) and rotational temperature (ranging from 3,400 to 4,400 K) occurred with no correlation with trueness. LIBS results obtained after classical external calibration procedure gave degraded accuracy, indicating a strong matrix effect. The LIBS measurements clearly showed that the major problem in LA-ICP was related to the ablation process and that LIBS spectroscopy is an excellent diagnostic tool for LA-ICP techniques. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5079-z Authors N. Gilon, Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France J. El-Haddad, Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France A. Stankova, Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France W. Lei, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie ionique et Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5579, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France Q. Ma, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie ionique et Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5579, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France V. Motto-Ros, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie ionique et Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5579, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France J. Yu, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie ionique et Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5579, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The volatile compounds present in wines are responsible for the quality of the wine aroma. The analysis of these compounds requires different analytical techniques depending on the type of compounds and their concentration. The importance at sensorial level of each compound should be evaluated by using olfactometric techniques and reconstitution and omission studies. In addition, wine aroma is influenced by other factors such as wine matrix, which could affect the compounds’ volatility, decreasing or increasing their concentration in the headspace above the wine. Moreover, when a wine is consumed, several oral physiological variables could affect aroma perception. The focus of this review is to outline the most recent advances in wine aroma analysis and the most innovative techniques in trying to elucidate the main factors that influence wine aroma perception during consumption. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-16 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5078-0 Authors Carolina Muñoz-González, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Juan J. Rodríguez-Bencomo, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain M. Ángeles Pozo-Bayón, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description: Analytical biophotonics Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5042-z Authors Jürgen Popp, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany Reiner Salzer, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The enhancement of auroral kilometric radiation near its lowest frequency has been detected in the polar edge of the auroral zone in the POLRAD experiment with the INTERBALL-2 satellite. The difference between the local electron cyclotron frequency and the lowest frequency of enhanced radiation is 8–20 kHz, indicating the closeness to the source of auroral kilometric radiation. According to the detailed analysis of low-frequency auroral kilometric radiation, its amplitude is larger than the “background” values by a factor of 20–70 and has amplitude modulation with characteristic periods of 40-60 s. The increase in the intensity at low frequencies is attributed to the intersection of the source region by the satellite and the detection of waveguide modes in it. Content Type Journal Article Pages 326-329 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011060087 Authors M. M. Mogilevsky, Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997 Russia I. L. Moiseenko, Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997 Russia T. V. Romantsova, Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997 Russia J. Hanasz, Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 87-100 Torun, Poland T. M. Burinskaya, Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997 Russia D. V. Chugunin, Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 6

Description:    The stability of the B and N atomic vacancies and divacancies in an h-BN monolayer deformed by 2 and 4% along one of the axes has been investigated. It has been established that the N atomic vacancies are most stable; their concentration is insignificant and does not affect the properties of white graphene. The number of vacancies depends on the mobility of N and B atoms on the layer surface; therefore, the probability of recombination with the vacancies has been estimated. It has been revealed that the energy barrier for the migration of the B and N adatoms is about 0.23 and 1.23 eV, respectively. In view of such a low barrier for the B adatom, this type of adatoms will quite rapidly move over the surface and recombine with vacancies, in contrast to the N adatoms. Therefore, only nitrogen atom vacancies can exist in the h-BN monolayer grown by the methods, where the adatoms could possibly appear on the surface. Content Type Journal Article Pages 335-338 DOI 10.1134/S0021364011060051 Authors A. A. Kuzubov, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660028 Russia M. V. Serzhantova, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660028 Russia A. S. Fedorov, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia F. N. Tomilin, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia T. A. Kozhevnikova, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660028 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 93 Journal Issue Volume 93, Number 6

Description:    A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 28 benzodiazepines, including 6 metabolites, in 50 mg of hair has been validated. Positive ion electrospray ionization and HRMS determination in full-scan mode were realized on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer at a nominal resolving power of 60,000. In-source collisional experiments were conducted to obtain additional information for a more reliable identification of the investigated drugs. HRMS in full-scan mode allowed the exact determination of molecular masses of all analytes eluting in the HPLC run, so that both the immediate and retrospective screening of results for drugs and their metabolites were available. Sample preparation consisted of an overnight incubation in phosphate buffer pH 8.4 and a subsequent liquid/liquid extraction with methylene chloride/diethyl ether (90:10). Gradient elution was performed on a Luna C18 analytical column and four deuterated analogues were used as internal standards (IS). Validation was performed using both spiked hair samples and hair samples from subjects treated with benzodiazepines. Selectivity was evaluated by analysis of 20 certified blank hair samples. Extraction efficiency and matrix effects were evaluated by analysis of true positive samples. The lowest limits of quantification (LLOQs) ranged from 1 to 10 pg/mg. Linearity was investigated in the range from LLOQ to 1,000 pg/mg, for each compound ( R 2 0.998–0.999). Mean relative errors, calculated at three concentration levels, ranged from 1 to 20% (absolute value). Precision, at concentrations higher than the LLOQs, was always less than 15% expressed as percentage relative standard deviation. After validation, the procedure was applied to real samples collected for clinical and forensic toxicology purposes from subjects who were assumed to have taken benzodiazepines. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4742-8 Authors Susanna Vogliardi, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping, Medical School, University Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121 Padova, Italy Donata Favretto, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping, Medical School, University Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121 Padova, Italy Marianna Tucci, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping, Medical School, University Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121 Padova, Italy Giulia Stocchero, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping, Medical School, University Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121 Padova, Italy Santo Davide Ferrara, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping, Medical School, University Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121 Padova, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description: Brief history of the Austrian Society of Analytical Chemistry Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4692-1 Authors Hans Malissa, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes. However, overproduction of ROS under various cellular stresses results in cell death and organ injury and thus contributes to a broad spectrum of diseases and pathological conditions. The existence of different cellular sources for ROS and the distinct properties of individual ROS (their reactivity, lifetime, etc.) require adequate detection methods. We therefore compared different models of cellular stress and various ROS-sensitive dyes—2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), MitoSOX™, and MitoTracker® red CM-H 2 XRos—using a confocal fluorescent imaging approach, which has the advantage of not only detecting but also of localizing intracellular sources for ROS. Confocal acquisition of DCF-DA fluorescence can be combined with ROS detection by the mitochondria-specific probes MitoSOX™ and MitoTracker® red CM-H 2 XRos. Specificity was controlled using various antioxidants such as Trolox and N -acetylcysteine. Using different fluorescent ROS-sensitive probes, we detected higher ROS production equally under cell starvation (IL-3 or serum depletion), hypoxia–reoxygenation, or treatment of cells with prooxidants. The detected increase in ROS was approximately threefold in IL-3-depleted 32D cells, approximately 3.5-fold in serum-deprived NIH cells, and 2.5-fold to threefold in hypoxic HL-1 cells, and these findings agree well with previously published spectrofluorometric measurements. In some cases, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used for the validation of results from confocal fluorescent imaging. Our data show that confocal fluorescent imaging and ESR data are in good agreement. Under cellular stress, mitochondrial ROS are released into the cytoplasm and may participate in many processes, but they do not escape from the cell. Online abstract  Mitochondrial ROS production under cellular stress Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4764-2 Authors Andrey V. Kuznetsov, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Heart Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University (IMU), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Ingeborg Kehrer, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Research Center of AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria Andrey V. Kozlov, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Research Center of AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria Martina Haller, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University (IMU), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Heinz Redl, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Research Center of AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria Martin Hermann, KMT Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University (IMU), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Michael Grimm, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Heart Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University (IMU), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Jakob Troppmair, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University (IMU), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Agricultural workers are exposed to folpet, but biomonitoring data are limited. Phthalimide (PI), phthalamic acid (PAA), and phthalic acid (PA) are the ring metabolites of this fungicide according to animal studies, but they have not yet been measured in human urine as metabolites of folpet, only PA as a metabolite of phthalates. The objective of this study was thus to develop a reliable gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method to quantify the sum of PI, PAA, and PA ring-metabolites of folpet in human urine. Briefly, the method consisted of adding p -methylhippuric acid as an internal standard, performing an acid hydrolysis at 100 °C to convert ring-metabolites into PA, purifying samples by ethyl acetate extraction, and derivatizing with N , O -bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoro acetamide prior to GC–MS analysis. The method had a detection limit of 60.2 nmol/L (10 ng/mL); it was found to be accurate (mean recovery, 97%), precise (inter- and intra-day percentage relative standard deviations 〈13%), and with a good linearity ( R 2  〉 0.98). Validation was conducted using unexposed peoples urine spiked at concentrations ranging from 4.0 to 16.1 μmol/L, along with urine samples of volunteers dosed with folpet, and of exposed workers. The method proved to be (1) suitable and accurate to determine the kinetic profile of PA equivalents in the urine of volunteers orally and dermally administered folpet and (2) relevant for the biomonitoring of exposure in workers. Figure  Representative chromatograms of PA equivalents (trimethylsilyl phthalic acid or TMS-PA) in the urine of a volunteer orally dosed with folpet ( a ) and of a worker following folpet spraying ( b ; TMS-IS is the derivatized internal standard) Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4753-5 Authors Aurélie Berthet, Institute for Work and Health, Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland Michèle Berode, Institute for Work and Health, Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland Michèle Bouchard, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PyGC-MS) was used as a rapid method for the characterization of permanent marker ink. Twenty-four samples of various colours purchased from different manufacturers were characterised. Four main typologies of polymer-binding medium could be distinguished on the basis of the pyrolysis products, and differentiation between permanent markers of different manufacturers could be accomplished. For some permanent marker samples, PyGC-MS analysis allowed pigment identification as well. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4714-z Authors Inez D. van der Werf, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Giulia Germinario, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Francesco Palmisano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Luigia Sabbatini, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    A pulsed stand-off Raman system has been built and optimised for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic samples including explosives. The system consists of a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 10 Hz, 4.4 ns pulse length), aligned coaxially with a 6″ Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope for the collection of Raman scattered light. The telescope was coupled via a fibre optic bundle to an Acton standard series SP-2750 spectrograph with a PI-MAX 1024RB intensified CCD camera equipped with a 500-ps gating option for detection. Gating proved to be essential for achieving high signal-to-noise ratios in the recorded stand-off Raman spectra. In some cases, gating also allowed suppression of disturbing fluorescence signals. For the first time, quantitative analysis of stand-off Raman spectra was performed using both univariate and multivariate methods of data analysis. To correct for possible variation in instrumental parameters, the nitrogen band of ambient air was used as an internal standard. For the univariate method, stand-off Raman spectra obtained at a distance of 9 m on sodium chloride pellets containing varying amounts of ammonium nitrate (0–100%) were used. For the multivariate quantification of ternary xylene mixtures (0–100%), stand-off spectra at a distance of 5 m were used. The univariate calibration of ammonium nitrate yielded R 2 values of 0.992, and the multivariate quantitative analysis yielded root mean square errors of prediction of 2.26%, 1.97% and 1.07% for o -, m - and p -xylene, respectively. Stand-off Raman spectra obtained at a distance of 10 m yielded a detection limit of 174 μg for NaClO 3 . Furthermore, to assess the applicability of stand-off Raman spectroscopy for explosives detection in “real-world” scenarios, their detection on different background materials (nylon, polyethylene and part of a car body) and in the presence of interferents (motor oil, fuel oil and soap) at a distance of 20 m was also investigated. Figure  Stand-off Raman spectroscopy Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4715-y Authors Bernhard Zachhuber, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria Georg Ramer, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria Alison Hobro, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria Engelene t. H. Chrysostom, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria Bernhard Lendl, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    Membrane distillation (MD) is presented for the first time as a real-time, online concentration technique, where the aqueous matrix is removed from the sample to enhance analyte enrichment. Therefore, MD is a universal method for a wide range of compounds and is unlike conventional membrane extractions that rely on the permeation of the solute into an extractant phase. The MD process showed excellent precision with relative standard deviation between 3% and 5%, linear calibration, and the detection limits for pharmaceutical compounds in the range of 0.01 to 20 mg L −1 by HPLC-UV analysis. The temperature and flow rate of the feed solution were found to be important variables. Figure    Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4733-9 Authors Ken Gethard, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA Somenath Mitra, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    The crystallization behavior of biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) film cast from 1,1,2,2-tetrachloromethane was studied by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis. Time-dependent in situ FTIR spectral variations in the C=O stretching region (1,780–1,700 cm -1 ) were monitored and analyzed by a series of data processing methods, including calculation of difference spectrum and second derivative spectrum, Fourier self-deconvolution, curve-fitting and 2D correlation analysis. Four bands have been resolved from the 2D correlation analysis, and the following overall sequential order among the intensity changes of the four bands has been obtained at 1,750 〉 1,739 〉 1,722 〉 1,715 cm -1 . Combining with the other data processing methods, a curve-fitting approach has been employed to reveal that there are probably five component bands under the C=O band profile, centered at 1,746; 1,737; 1,728; 1,722; and 1,712 cm -1 . Detailed analysis on the in situ component band intensity variations in the C=O stretching region indicates that the crystalline and amorphous band intensities change simultaneously during the crystallization process, with no local sequential order. Further analysis on the relative area percentage changes of the five component bands suggests that the crystalline component only changes in a fully cooperative manner with part of the amorphous component at the initial crystallization period. Band area change of each state with crystallization time Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4750-8 Authors He Huang, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China Wenjuan Guo, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China Hong Chen, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description:    A bio-nanofilm consisting of a tetrad nanomaterial (nanotubes, nanoparticles, DNA, polymer) was fabricated utilizing in situ reduction and noncovalent interactions and it displayed effective antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. This bio-nanofilm was composed of homogenous silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which were later hybridized with DNA and stabilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the presence of a surfactant with the aid of ultrasonication. Electron microscopy and bio-AFM (atomic force microscopy) images were used to assess the morphology of the nanocomposite (NC) structure. Functionalization and fabrication were examined using FT–Raman spectroscopy by analyzing the functional changes in the bio-nanofilm before and after fabrication. UV–visible spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirmed that AgNPs were present in the final NC on the basis of its surface plasmon resonance (370 nm) and crystal planes. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to measure the percentage weight loss of SWCNT (17.5%) and final SWCNT-AgNPs-DNA/PVA (47.7%). The antimicrobial efficiency of the bio-nanofilm was evaluated against major pathogenic organisms. Bactericidal ratios, zone of inhibition, and minimum inhibitory concentration were examined against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. A preliminary cytotoxicity analysis was conducted using A549 lung cancer cells and IMR-90 fibroblast cells. Confocal laser microscopy, bio-AFM, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images demonstrated that the NCs were successfully taken up by the cells. These combined results indicate that this bio-nanofilm was biocompatible and displayed antimicrobial activity. Thus, this novel bio-nanofilm holds great promise for use as a multifunctional tool in burn therapy, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications.    Schematic representation of the fabrication of bio-nanofilm, and it's photographic images and applications. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4757-1 Authors Ramesh P. Subbiah, College of Bionanotechnology, Kyungwon University, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701 South Korea Haisung Lee, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu Seoul, 135-710, Korea Murugan Veerapandian, College of Bionanotechnology, Kyungwon University, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701 South Korea Sathya Sadhasivam, College of Bionanotechnology, Kyungwon University, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701 South Korea Soo-won Seo, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu Seoul, 135-710, Korea Kyusik Yun, College of Bionanotechnology, Kyungwon University, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701 South Korea Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description: Solution to green beans challenge Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-4752-6 Authors Hervé This, INRA, UMR 1145 AgroParisTech, Group of Molecular Gastronomy, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France Journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Online ISSN 1618-2650 Print ISSN 1618-2642

Description: In memory of our authors Content Type Journal Article Pages 809-809 DOI 10.1134/S0021364010240069 Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 92 Journal Issue Volume 92, Number 12

Description:    Electron tunneling in a semiconductor heterostructure with a barrier in a weak magnetic field applied parallel to the barrier interfaces is analyzed theoretically. A novel mechanism of the Hall effect in this structure is suggested. It is shown that the Hall current near the sufficiently wide barrier is determined by the orbital effect of the magnetic field on the electron motion under the barrier, rather than by the electron {ie778-1}-drift and scattering in the conductive regions lying to the left and to the right of the barrier. Content Type Journal Article Pages 788-792 DOI 10.1134/S0021364010240021 Authors P. S. Alekseev, Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 92 Journal Issue Volume 92, Number 12

Description:    We study the quantum correlation of a coherently foul-level atomic system coupled by two coherent driven fields. Used the wave function technique, an explicit expression of the photon-photon correlation function is derived. The influence of the driven field as well as the detuning on the second correlation function are investigated. We find that the second correlation function can be controlled by the driven field or the detuning of two coupling lasers. So we can control the magnitude of the joint detection probability by the driving fields. More importantly, we show that this correlated photon states can serve as atomic memory. Content Type Journal Article Pages 804-808 DOI 10.1134/S0021364010240057 Authors Y. H. Ma, School of Mathematics, Physics, and Biological Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 014010 Baotou, People’s Republic of China E. Wu, School of Mathematics, Physics, and Biological Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 014010 Baotou, People’s Republic of China Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 92 Journal Issue Volume 92, Number 12

Description:    The possibility of the appearance of the states with a nonzero average helicity in neutron matter is studied in the model with the Skyrme effective interaction. By providing the analysis of the self-consistent equations at zero temperature, it is shown that neutron matter with the Skyrme BSk18 effective force undergoes at high densities a phase transition to the state in which the degeneracy with respect to helicity of neutrons is spontaneously removed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 783-787 DOI 10.1134/S002136401024001X Authors A. A. Isayev, Kharkov institute of Physics and Technology, 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine J. Yang, Department of Physics and the Institute for the Early Universe, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750 Korea Journal JETP Letters Online ISSN 1090-6487 Print ISSN 0021-3640 Journal Volume Volume 92 Journal Issue Volume 92, Number 12