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  • Articles  (1,219)
  • Oxford University Press  (1,219)
  • 2010-2014  (1,219)
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society / Letters  (254)
  • 55697
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: Dusty, star-forming galaxies have a critical role in the formation and evolution of massive galaxies in the Universe. Using deep far-infrared imaging in the range 100–500 μm obtained with the Herschel telescope, we investigate the dust-obscured star formation (SF) in the galaxy cluster XDCP J0044.0-2033 at z  = 1.58, the most massive cluster at z  〉 1.5, with a measured mass M 200  = 4.7 $^{+1.4}_{-0.9}$  10 14  M . We perform an analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 12 cluster members (5 spectroscopically confirmed) detected with ≥3 significance in the PACS maps, all ultraluminous infrared galaxies. The individual star formation rates (SFRs) lie in the range 155–824 M yr –1 , with dust temperatures of 24–35 K. We measure a strikingly high amount of SF in the cluster core, SFR (〈250 kpc) ≥ 1875 ± 158 M yr –1 , four times higher than the amount of SF in the cluster outskirts. This scenario is unprecedented in a galaxy cluster, showing for the first time a reversal of the SF–density relation at z ~ 1.6 in a massive cluster.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-11-30
    Description: Radiation fields emitted by O- and B-type stars or young stellar populations (SPs) are generally considered as significant central ionizing sources (CISs) of classic H  ii regions. In our previous studies, we showed that the inclusion of binary interactions in stellar population synthesis models can significantly increase the ultraviolet spectrum hardness and the number of ionizing photons of intermediate-age (IA) SPs (7 log( t /yr) 8). In this work, we present photoionization models of H  ii regions ionized by radiation fields emitted by IA SPs, including binary systems, and show that these fields are in theory possible candidates for significant CISs of classic H  ii regions. When radiation fields of IA SPs comprising binary systems are used as the CISs of classic H  ii regions, the theoretical strengths of a number of lines (such as [O  iii ] 4959 ' , [S  ii ] 6716 ' , etc.), which are weaker than observations, are increased; the border or selection-criterion lines between star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the diagnostic diagrams (for example, [N  ii ] 6583/Hα versus [O  iii ] 5007/Hβ), move into the region occupied originally by AGNs; and the He  ii 1640 line, observed in Lyman break and high-redshift gravitationally lensed galaxies, also can be produced.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-11-30
    Description: We reformulate rotation measure (RM) synthesis for data sets with discrete frequency channels and an arbitrary channel response function. The most commonly used version of the formalism by Brentjens & De Bruyn assumes a top-hat response function in wavelength squared, while real data sets can often be approximated better with a top-hat in frequency. We simulate mock data sets for various source geometries, using a top-hat response function in frequency, and we compare the quality of the RM spectra that are found with both formalisms. We include the response function of the simulated data to calculate exact RM spectra using our formalism. We show that the formalism by Brentjens & De Bruyn produces accurate results even if depolarization at the lowest frequencies in the observing band is severe. If RMs are large, our formalism reconstructs the emitted signal more accurately, with a higher amplitude and (in most cases) a narrower RM spread function. Our formalism can also detect sources with larger (absolute) RMs for a given sensitivity level of the observations.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: We present the results of an analysis of archival 21 cm (H i ) data of the blue compact dwarf galaxy Haro 11 (ESO 350-IG038). Observations were obtained at the Very Large Array, and the presence of a compact absorption feature near the optical centre of the galaxy has been detected. The central location of the absorption feature coincides with the centre of the continuum background of the galaxy, as well as with the location of knot B. The absorption feature yields an H i mass in the range of 3–10 x 10 8 M , corresponding to spin temperatures from 91 K to 200 K, respectively. The absence of H i seen in emission places an upper limit of 1.7 10 9 M on the mass. To our knowledge this is the first example of a dwarf galaxy that shows H i absorption from its own background continuum. The continuum emission from the galaxy is also used to determine star formation rates, namely 6.85 ± 0.05 M yr –1 (for a stellar mass range of 5 M 〈 M 〈 100 M ), or 32.8 ± 0.2 M yr –1 (for an extended range of 0.1 M 〈 M 〈 100 M ).
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: We have shown analytically that shapes of incompressible stars could be prolate if appropriate meridional flows exist. Although this result is strictly valid only if either the meridional flow or the rotation is absent and the vorticity is associated uniformly with meridional flow, this implies that perpendicular forces against centrifugal and/or magnetic forces might play important roles within stars. A consequence of the presence of meridional flows might be to decrease stellar oblateness due to centrifugal and/or magnetic fields.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: ‘Conspiracy’ between the dark and the baryonic matter prohibits an unambiguous decomposition of disc galaxy rotation curves into the corresponding components. Several methods have been proposed to counter this difficulty, but their results are widely discrepant. In this paper, I revisit one of these methods, which relies on the relation between the halo density and the decrease of the bar pattern speed. The latter is routinely characterized by the ratio ${\cal R}$ of the corotation radius R CR to the bar length L b , ${\cal R} = R_{\rm CR}/L_{\rm b}$ . I use a set of N -body+SPH simulations, including subgrid physics, whose initial conditions cover a range of gas fractions and halo shapes. The models, by construction, have roughly the same azimuthally averaged circular velocity curve and halo density and they are all submaximal, i.e. according to previous works, they are expected to have all roughly the same ${\cal R}$ value, well outside the fast bar range (1.2 ± 0.2). Contrary to these expectations, however, these simulations end up having widely different ${\cal R}$ values, either within the fast bar range or well outside it. This shows that the ${\cal R}$ value cannot constrain the halo density, nor determine whether galactic discs are maximal or submaximal. I argue that this is true even for early-type discs (S0s and Sas).
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: Stellar differential rotation can be separated into two main regimes: solar-like when the equator rotates faster than the poles and antisolar when the polar regions rotate faster than the equator. We investigate the transition between these two regimes with 3D numerical simulations of rotating spherical shells. We conduct a systematic parameter study which also includes models from different research groups. We find that the direction of the differential rotation is governed by the contribution of the Coriolis force in the force balance, independently of the model setup (presence of a magnetic field, thickness of the convective layer, density stratification). Rapidly rotating cases with a small Rossby number yield solar-like differential rotation, while weakly rotating models sustain antisolar differential rotation. Close to the transition, the two kinds of differential rotation are two possible bistable states. This study provides theoretical support for the existence of antisolar differential rotation in cool stars with large Rossby numbers.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be old neutron stars, formed via Type Ib/c core-collapse supernovae, which have subsequently been spun up to high rotation rates via accretion from a companion star in a highly circularized low-mass X-ray binary. The recent discoveries of Galactic field binary MSPs in eccentric orbits, and mass functions compatible with that expected for helium white dwarf companions, PSR J2234+06 and PSR J1946+3417, therefore challenge this picture. Here, we present a hypothesis for producing this new class of systems, where the MSPs are formed directly from a rotationally delayed accretion-induced collapse of a super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. We compute the orbital properties of the MSPs formed in such events and demonstrate that our hypothesis can reproduce the observed eccentricities, masses and orbital periods of the white dwarfs, as well as forecasting the pulsar masses and velocities. Finally, we compare this hypothesis to a triple-star scenario.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Sungrazing comets have always captured a lot of interest and curiosity among the general public as well as scientists since ancient times. The perihelion passage of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) at the end of this year (on 2013 November 28) is an eagerly awaited event. In this work, we do a mathematical study to check whether meteoroids ejected from this comet during its journey around the Sun can produce spectacular meteor phenomena on Earth. Our calculations show that although the orbital elements of this comet are much more favourable than for most sungrazers to have its descending node near the Earth's orbit, even ejection velocities as high as 1 km s –1 do not induce sufficient nodal dispersion to bring meteoroids to Earth intersection during present times. A similar result applies to Newton's comet C/1680 V1 which has surprisingly similar orbital elements, although it is known to be a distinct comet from C/2012 S1. Our analysis also shows that for meteoroids ejected from all known sungrazing groups during recent epochs, only the Marsden family (with required ejection velocities of some hundreds of m s –1 ) can produce meteor phenomena during present times. In a broader sense, we indicate why we do not observe visually brilliant meteor showers from frequently observed sungrazers.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: We study the spatial distribution of the Fe 6.4 and 6.7 keV lines in the nuclear region of M82 using the Chandra archival data with a total exposure time of 500 ks. The deep exposure provides a significant detection of the Fe 6.4 keV line. Both the Fe 6.4 and 6.7 keV lines are diffuse emissions with similar spatial extent, but their morphology do not exactly follow each other. Assuming a thermal collisional-ionization-equilibrium (CIE) model, the fitted temperatures are around 5–6 keV and the Fe abundances are about 0.4–0.6 solar value. We also report the spectrum of a point source, which shows a strong Fe 6.7 keV line and is likely a supernova remnant or a superbubble. The fitted Fe abundance of the point source is 1.7 solar value. It implies that part of the iron may be depleted from the X-ray emitting gases as the predicted Fe abundance is about 5 times solar value if assuming a complete mixing. If this is a representative case of the Fe enrichment, a mild mass-loading of a factor of 3 will make the Fe abundance of the point source in agreement with that of the hot gas, which then implies that most of the hard X-ray continuum (2–8 keV) of M82 has a thermal origin. In addition, the Fe 6.4 keV line is consistent with the fluorescence emission irradiated by the hard photons from nuclear point sources.
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