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  • Articles  (10,024)
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  • Mathematical Problems in Engineering  (4,432)
  • Modelling and Simulation in Engineering  (237)
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  • Articles  (10,024)
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  • 101
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    Event-Triggered Control for Networked Control Systems with Time-Varying Delay (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: This paper deals with controller design problem for event-triggered networked control systems (NCSs), where the next task release time and finishing time are predicted based on the sampled states. A new model of NCSs that involves the network conditions, state, and event-triggered communication strategy is proposed. Based on this model, some novel criteria for the asymptotic stability analysis and state feedback controller design of the event-triggered NCSs with timevarying delay are established to guarantee a prescribed disturbance rejection attenuation level. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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  • 102
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    A Structured Approach to Solve the Inverse Eigenvalue Problem for a Beam with Added Mass (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: The problem of determining the eigenvalues of a vibrational system having multiple lumped attachments has been investigated extensively. However, most of the research conducted in this field focuses on determining the natural frequencies of the combined system assuming that the characteristics of the combined vibrational system are known (forward problem). A problem of great interest from the point of view of engineering design is the ability to impose certain frequencies on the vibrational system or to avoid certain frequencies by modifying the characteristics of the vibrational system (inverse problem). In this paper, a method to impose two natural frequencies on a dynamical system consisting of an Euler-Bernoulli beam and carrying a single mass attachment is evaluated.
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  • 103
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    Fundamental Solutions to Time-Fractional Advection Diffusion Equation in a Case of Two Space Variables (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: The fundamental solutions to time-fractional advection diffusion equation in a plane and a half-plane are obtained using the Laplace integral transform with respect to time and the Fourier transforms with respect to the space coordinates and . The Cauchy, source, and Dirichlet problems are investigated. The solutions are expressed in terms of integrals of Bessel functions combined with Mittag-Leffler functions. Numerical results are illustrated graphically.
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  • 104
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    Symbol Error Rate for Nonblind Adaptive Equalizers Applicable for the SIMO and FGn Case (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: A nonzero residual intersymbol interference (ISI) causes the symbol error rate (SER) to increase where the achievable SER may not answer any more on the system’s requirements. Recently, a closed-form approximated expression was derived by the same author for the residual ISI obtained by nonblind adaptive equalizers for the single-input single-output (SISO) case. Up to now, there does not exist a closed-form expression for the residual ISI obtained by nonblind adaptive equalizers for the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) case. Furthermore, there does not exist a closed-form expression for the SER valid for the SISO or SIMO case that takes into account the residual ISI obtained by nonblind adaptive equalizers and is valid for fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) input where the Hurst exponent is in the region of . In this paper, we derive a closed-form approximated expression for the residual ISI obtained by nonblind adaptive equalizers for the SIMO case (where SISO is a special case of SIMO), valid for fGn input where the Hurst exponent is in the region of . Based on this new expression for the residual ISI, a closed-form approximated expression is obtained for the SER valid for the SIMO and fGn case.
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  • 105
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    Recent Advances on Methods and Applications of Nonlinear Differential Equations (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
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  • 106
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    A Joint Learning Approach to Face Detection in Wavelet Compressed Domain (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: Face detection has been an important and active research topic in computer vision and image processing. In recent years, learning-based face detection algorithms have prevailed with successful applications. In this paper, we propose a new face detection algorithm that works directly in wavelet compressed domain. In order to simplify the processes of image decompression and feature extraction, we modify the AdaBoost learning algorithm to select a set of complimentary joint-coefficient classifiers and integrate them to achieve optimal face detection. Since the face detection on the wavelet compression domain is restricted by the limited discrimination power of the designated feature space, the proposed learning mechanism is developed to achieve the best discrimination from the restricted feature space. The major contributions in the proposed AdaBoost face detection learning algorithm contain the feature space warping, joint feature representation, ID3-like plane quantization, and weak probabilistic classifier, which dramatically increase the discrimination power of the face classifier. Experimental results on the CBCL benchmark and the MIT + CMU real image dataset show that the proposed algorithm can detect faces in the wavelet compressed domain accurately and efficiently.
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  • 107
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    Optimal Distributed Controller Design for Nonlinear Coupled Dynamical Networks (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: This paper is concerned with the optimal distributed impulsive controller design for globally exponential synchronization of nonlinear dynamical networks with coupling delay. By the Lyapunov-Razumikhin method, a novel criterion is proposed to guarantee the global exponential synchronization of the coupled delayed network with distributed impulsive control in terms of matrix inequalities. The sum of coupling strengths of the distributed impulsive control is minimized to save the control effort. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated by some simulations.
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  • 108
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    Asymptotic Stabilization by State Feedback for a Class of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Time-Varying Coefficients (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: This paper investigates the problem of state-feedback stabilization for a class of upper-triangular stochastic nonlinear systems with time-varying control coefficients. By introducing effective coordinates, the original system is transformed into an equivalent one with tunable gain. After that, by using the low gain homogeneous domination technique and choosing the low gain parameter skillfully, the closed-loop system can be proved to be globally asymptotically stable in probability. The efficiency of the state-feedback controller is demonstrated by a simulation example.
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  • 109
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    The Effects of Resource Limitation on a Predator-Prey Model with Control Measures as Nonlinear Pulses (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: The dynamical behavior of a Holling II predator-prey model with control measures as nonlinear pulses is proposed and analyzed theoretically and numerically to understand how resource limitation affects pest population outbreaks. The threshold conditions for the stability of the pest-free periodic solution are given. Latin hypercube sampling/partial rank correlation coefficients are used to perform sensitivity analysis for the threshold concerning pest extinction to determine the significance of each parameter. Comparing this threshold value with that without resource limitation, our results indicate that it is essential to increase the pesticide’s efficacy against the pest and reduce its effectiveness against the natural enemy, while enhancing the efficiency of the natural enemies. Once the threshold value exceeds a critical level, both pest and its natural enemies populations can oscillate periodically. Further-more, when the pulse period and constant stocking number as a bifurcation parameter, the predator-prey model reveals complex dynamics. In addition, numerical results are presented to illustrate the feasibility of our main results.
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  • 110
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    Leader-Following Consensus of Multiagent Systems with Time-Varying Delays via Impulsive Control (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: The leader-following consensus problem for delayed multiagent systems is investigated over stochastic switching topologies via impulsive control method. A distributed consensus protocol is proposed based on sample data information. The convergence analysis for such algorithm over undirected and directed networks is provided, and some sufficient conditions to guarantee the consensus are also established. It is shown that delayed networks can achieve consensus even information is exchanged among followers just at some discrete moments. At last, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.
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  • 111
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    A Comparative Evaluation of Numerical and Analytical Solutions to the Biadhesive Single-Lap Joint (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: This paper attempts to address the detailed verification of Zhao’s analytical solution including the moment effect with the two- and three-dimensional finite element results. Zhao compared the analytical results with only the 2D FEA results and used the constant bond-length ratio for the biadhesive bondline. In this study, overlap surfaces of the adherends and the adhesives were modelled using surface-to-surface contact elements. Both analytical and numerical analyses were performed using four different biadhesive bondline configurations. The 3D FEA results reveal the existence of complex stress state at the overlap ends. However, the general results show that analytical and numerical results were in a good agreement.
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  • 112
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    Numerical Methods for Fractional Order Singular Partial Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: We implement relatively analytical methods, the homotopy perturbation method and the variational iteration method, for solving singular fractional partial differential equations of fractional order. The process of the methods which produce solutions in terms of convergent series is explained. The fractional derivatives are described in Caputo sense. Some examples are given to show the accurate and easily implemented of these methods even with the presence of singularities.
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  • 113
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    Transportation Network Design considering Morning and Evening Peak-Hour Demands (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: Previous studies of transportation network design problem (NDP) always consider one peak-hour origin-destination (O-D) demand distribution. However, the NDP based on one peak-hour O-D demand matrix might be unable to model the real traffic patterns due to diverse traffic characteristics in the morning and evening peaks and impacts of network structure and link sensitivity. This paper proposes an NDP model simultaneously considering both morning and evening peak-hour demands. The NDP problem is formulated as a bilevel programming model, where the upper level is to minimize the weighted sum of total travel time for network users travelling in both morning and evening commute peaks, and the lower level is to characterize user equilibrium choice behaviors of the travelers in two peaks. The proposed NDP model is transformed into an equivalent mixed integer linear programming (MILP), which can be efficiently solved by optimization solvers. Numerical examples are finally performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model. It is shown that the proposed NDP model has more promising design effect of improving network efficiency than the traditional NDP model considering one peak-hour demand and avoids the misleading selection of improved links.
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  • 114
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    A New Mechanism for Network Monitoring and Shielding in Wireless LAN (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology is developing rapidly with the help of wireless communication technology and social demand. During the development of WLAN, the security is more and more important, and wireless monitoring and shielding are of prime importance for network security. In this paper, we have explored various security issues of IEEE 802.11 based wireless network and analyzed numerous problems in implementing the wireless monitoring and shielding system. We identify the challenges which monitoring and shielding system needs to be aware of, and then provide a feasible mechanism to avoid those challenges. We implemented an actual wireless LAN monitoring and shielding system on Maemo operating system to monitor wireless network data stream efficiently and solve the security problems of mobile users. More importantly, the system analyzes wireless network protocols efficiently and flexibly, reveals rich information of the IEEE 802.11 protocol such as traffic distribution and different IP connections, and graphically displays later. Moreover, the system running results show that the system has the capability to work stably, and accurately and analyze the wireless protocols efficiently.
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  • 115
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    Lower Power Design for UHF RF CMOS Circuits Based on the Power Consumption Acuity (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: Excessive energy consumption of UHF tag is the bottleneck of energy saving in its wide range of applications. To address this issue, a lower power design for UHF RF CMOS circuits based on power consumption acuity is proposed in this paper. Through in-depth analysis of the static and dynamic power generation principle of UHF RF circuits in the work, the power consumption acuity can be calculated by using the correlation of circuit power and input vector. Subsequently, under the guide of this acuity, the UHF RF CMOS circuits with better energy saving can be designed. Furthermore, according to the performance indicators of EPC CIG2 UHF RFID in UHF identification, the corresponding circuit is designed and implemented. The test results show that the design of UHF RF circuit based on the acuity of power consumption can reduce 35%–40% power consumption.
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  • 116
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    A Real-Time Temperature Data Transmission Approach for Intelligent Cooling Control of Mass Concrete (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: The primary aim of the study presented in this paper is to propose a real-time temperature data transmission approach for intelligent cooling control of mass concrete. A mathematical description of a digital temperature control model is introduced in detail. Based on pipe mounted and electrically linked temperature sensors, together with postdata handling hardware and software, a stable, real-time, highly effective temperature data transmission solution technique is developed and utilized within the intelligent mass concrete cooling control system. Once the user has issued the relevant command, the proposed programmable logic controllers (PLC) code performs all necessary steps without further interaction. The code can control the hardware, obtain, read, and perform calculations, and display the data accurately. Hardening concrete is an aggregate of complex physicochemical processes including the liberation of heat. The proposed control system prevented unwanted structural change within the massive concrete blocks caused by these exothermic processes based on an application case study analysis. In conclusion, the proposed temperature data transmission approach has proved very useful for the temperature monitoring of a high arch dam and is able to control thermal stresses in mass concrete for similar projects involving mass concrete.
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  • 117
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    Stability and Bifurcation of Two Kinds of Three-Dimensional Fractional Lotka-Volterra Systems (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: Two kinds of three-dimensional fractional Lotka-Volterra systems are discussed. For one system, the asymptotic stability of the equilibria is analyzed by providing some sufficient conditions. And bifurcation property is investigated by choosing the fractional order as the bifurcation parameter for the other system. In particular, the critical value of the fractional order is identified at which the Hopf bifurcation may occur. Furthermore, the numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
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  • 118
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    Certificateless Public Key Encryption Scheme with Hybrid Problems and Its Application to Internet of Things (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: Certificateless cryptography aims at combining the advantages of public key cryptography and identity based cryptography to avoid the certificate management and the key escrow problem. In this paper, we present a novel certificateless public key encryption scheme on the elliptic curve over the ring, whose security is based on the hardness assumption of Bilinear Diffie-Hellman problem and factoring the large number as in an RSA protocol. Moreover, since our scheme requires only one pairing operation in decryption, it is significantly more efficient than other related schemes. In addition, based on our encryption system, we also propose a protocol to protect the confidentiality and integrity of information in the scenario of Internet of Things with constrained resource nodes.
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  • 119
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    Randomized Binomial Tree and Pricing of American-Style Options (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: Randomized binomial tree and methods for pricing American options were studied. Firstly, both the completeness and the no-arbitrage conditions in the randomized binomial tree market were proved. Secondly, the description of the node was given, and the cubic polynomial relationship between the number of nodes and the time steps was also obtained. Then, the characteristics of paths and storage structure of the randomized binomial tree were depicted. Then, the procedure and method for pricing American-style options were given in a random binomial tree market. Finally, a numerical example pricing the American option was illustrated, and the sensitivity analysis of parameter was carried out. The results show that the impact of the occurrence probability of the random binomial tree environment on American option prices is very significant. With the traditional complete market characteristics of random binary and a stronger ability to describe, at the same time, maintaining a computational feasibility, randomized binomial tree is a kind of promising method for pricing financial derivatives.
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  • 120
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    Performance Evaluation of Portfolios with Margin Requirements (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: In financial markets, short sellers will be required to post margin to cover possible losses in case the prices of the risky assets go up. Only a few studies focus on the optimization and performance evaluation of portfolios in the presence of margin requirements. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical foundation of DEA (data envelopment analysis) approach to evaluate the performance of portfolios with margin requirements from a different perspective. Under the mean-variance framework, we construct the optimization model and portfolio possibility set on considering margin requirements. The convexity of the portfolio possibility set is proved and the concept of efficiency in classical economics is extended to the portfolio case. The DEA models are then developed to evaluate the performance of portfolios with margin requirements. Through the simulations carried out in the end, we show that, with adequate portfolios, DEA can be used as an effective tool in computing the efficiencies of portfolios with margin requirements for the performance evaluation purpose. This study can be viewed as a justification of DEA into performance evaluation of portfolios with margin requirements.
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  • 121
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    Local and Nonlocal Regularization to Image Interpolation (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: This paper presents an image interpolation model with local and nonlocal regularization. A nonlocal bounded variation (BV) regularizer is formulated by an exponential function including gradient. It acts as the Perona-Malik equation. Thus our nonlocal BV regularizer possesses the properties of the anisotropic diffusion equation and nonlocal functional. The local total variation (TV) regularizer dissipates image energy along the orthogonal direction to the gradient to avoid blurring image edges. The derived model efficiently reconstructs the real image, leading to a natural interpolation which reduces blurring and staircase artifacts. We present experimental results that prove the potential and efficacy of the method.
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  • 122
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    Advances in Finite Element Method (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
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  • 123
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    The Theory of Dynamic Public Transit Priority with Dynamic Stochastic Park and Ride (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: Public transit priority is very important for relieving traffic congestion. The connotation of dynamic public transit priority and dynamic stochastic park and ride is presented. Based on the point that the travel cost of public transit is not higher than the travel cost of car, how to determine the level of dynamic public transit priority is discussed. The traffic organization method of dynamic public transit priority is introduced. For dynamic stochastic park and ride, layout principle, scale, and charging standard are discussed. Traveler acceptability is high through the analysis of questionnaire survey. Dynamic public transit priority with dynamic stochastic park and ride has application feasibility.
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  • 124
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    Risk Measure and Early-Warning System of China's Stock Market Based on Price-Earnings Ratio and Price-to-Book Ratio (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: Based on the actual situation of China's stock market, this paper proposes a method for measuring the stock market's risk and early-warning methods which are based on price-to-earnings ratio and price-to-book ratio. The study found that the method of VaR can capture the bigger daily drops in a period, and if the drop is at the periodical top of the index, the probability of a sharp index decline will be very high. It also confirmed that the method is feasible and practical for people to use. In the long run, this method really can send early-warning signals of sharp decline; the warning levels increase as the index rises. The study also found that index will not fall after every warning but will continue going forward because of inertia, particularly during a big trend.
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  • 125
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    Passengers’ Evacuation in Ships Based on Neighborhood Particle Swarm Optimization (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: A new intelligent model to simulate evacuation behavior in ships called neighborhood particle swarm optimization is proposed. This model determines the rules of behavior and velocity updating formulas to solve staff conflicts. The individuals in evacuation are taken as particles in PSO and update their behaviors by individual attributes, neighborhood attributes, and social attributes. Putting the degree of freedom movement of ships into environment factor and using the real Ro-Ro ship information and IMO test scenarios to simulate the evacuation process, the model in this paper can truly simulate the behavior of persons in emergency and provide a new idea to design excellent evacuation model.
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  • 126
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    Switched Quantization Level Control of Networked Control Systems with Packet Dropouts (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-13
    Description: This paper investigates the relationship between the maximum allowable dropout bound and the quantization density. Networked Control System (NCS) is described as a time-delay switched system with constrained switching signals. A switched dynamic output feedback controller with prescribed disturbance attenuation level is designed via a cone complement linearization approach. A novel stability criterion is obtained by switched system theory. Furthermore, finding an appropriate quantization density used when packet dropout occurs is converted to an optimization problem.
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  • 127
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    Consensus Control Design for 360 MN Extrusion Machine Producing Process (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: This paper mainly addresses the issue of 360 MN extrusion machine and focuses on the stabilization control of main table attitude. We will first introduce the problem and then model the extrusion machine. As the machine is a multi-input multioutput (MIMO) and strong coupling system, it is challenging to apply existing control theory to design a controller to stabilize the main table attitude. Motivated by recent research in the field of multiagent systems, we design a consensus control protocol for our system and derive our convergence conditions based directly on Routh stability criterion. The advantages of the design are also demonstrated by numerical simulation.
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  • 128
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    Regret Theory and Equilibrium Asset Prices (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Regret theory is a behavioral approach to decision making under uncertainty. In this paper we assume that there are two representative investors in a frictionless market, a representative active investor who selects his optimal portfolio based on regret theory and a representative passive investor who invests only in the benchmark portfolio. In a partial equilibrium setting, the objective of the representative active investor is modeled as minimization of the regret about final wealth relative to the benchmark portfolio. In equilibrium this optimal strategy gives rise to a behavioral asset priciting model. We show that the market beta and the benchmark beta that is related to the investor’s regret are the determinants of equilibrium asset prices. We also extend our model to a market with multibenchmark portfolios. Empirical tests using stock price data from Shanghai Stock Exchange show strong support to the asset pricing model based on regret theory.
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  • 129
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    An Improved VFF Approach for Robot Path Planning in Unknown and Dynamic Environments (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Robot path planning in unknown and dynamic environments is one of the hot topics in the field of robot control. The virtual force field (VFF) is an efficient path planning method for robot. However, there are some shortcomings of the traditional VFF based methods, such as the local minimum problem and the higher computational complexity, in dealing with the dynamic obstacle avoidance. In this paper, an improved VFF approach is proposed for the real-time robot path planning, where the environment is unknown and changing. An area ratio parameter is introduced into the proposed VFF based approach, where the size of the robot and obstacles are considered. Furthermore, a fuzzy control module is added, to deal with the problem of obstacle avoidance in dynamic environments, by adjusting the rotation angle of the robot. Finally, some simulation experiments are carried out to validate and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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    Strategies for Exploiting Independent Cloud Implementations of Biometric Experts in Multibiometric Scenarios (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Cloud computing represents one of the fastest growing areas of technology and offers a new computing model for various applications and services. This model is particularly interesting for the area of biometric recognition, where scalability, processing power, and storage requirements are becoming a bigger and bigger issue with each new generation of recognition technology. Next to the availability of computing resources, another important aspect of cloud computing with respect to biometrics is accessibility. Since biometric cloud services are easily accessible, it is possible to combine different existing implementations and design new multibiometric services that next to almost unlimited resources also offer superior recognition performance and, consequently, ensure improved security to its client applications. Unfortunately, the literature on the best strategies of how to combine existing implementations of cloud-based biometric experts into a multibiometric service is virtually nonexistent. In this paper, we try to close this gap and evaluate different strategies for combining existing biometric experts into a multibiometric cloud service. We analyze the (fusion) strategies from different perspectives such as performance gains, training complexity, or resource consumption and present results and findings important to software developers and other researchers working in the areas of biometrics and cloud computing. The analysis is conducted based on two biometric cloud services, which are also presented in the paper.
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    Chinese Location Word Recognition Using Service Context Information for Location-Based Service (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: With the development of mobile networks and positioning technology, extensive attention focuses on the location-based service (LBS) which processes the application data including user queries, information searches, and user comments by the location information. In LBS, the recognition of the location word in user messages is meaningful and important. The location word recognition in LBS is different from the traditional named entity recognition, owing to the additional information such as user location coordinates in LBS. This paper proposes a method that adds the service context information including user location coordinates and message timestamps into the machine learning to improve the accuracy of the Chinese location word recognition. The experiment based on microblog datasets in mobile environment proves the viability and effectiveness of this method.
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    Geometric Nonlinear Meshless Analysis of Ribbed Rectangular Plates Based on the FSDT and the Moving Least-Squares Approximation (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the moving least-squares approximation, a new meshless model to study the geometric nonlinear problem of ribbed rectangular plates is presented. Considering the plate and the ribs separately, the displacement field, the stress, and strain of the plate and the ribs are obtained according to the moving least-squares approximation, the von Karman large deflection theory, and the FSDT. The ribs are attached to the plate by considering the displacement compatible condition along the connections between the ribs and the plate. The virtual strain energy formulation of the plate and the ribs is derived separately, and the nonlinear equilibrium equation of the entire ribbed plate is given by the virtual work principle. In the new meshless model for ribbed plates, there is no limitation to the rib position; for example, the ribs need not to be placed along the mesh lines of the plate as they need to be in FEM, and the change of rib positions will not lead to remeshing of the plate. The proposed model is compared with the FEM models from pieces of literature and ANSYS in several numerical examples, which proves the accuracy of the model.
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    Towards a Unified Sentiment Lexicon Based on Graphics Processing Units (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: This paper presents an approach to create what we have called a Unified Sentiment Lexicon (USL). This approach aims at aligning, unifying, and expanding the set of sentiment lexicons which are available on the web in order to increase their robustness of coverage. One problem related to the task of the automatic unification of different scores of sentiment lexicons is that there are multiple lexical entries for which the classification of positive, negative, or neutral depends on the unit of measurement used in the annotation methodology of the source sentiment lexicon. Our USL approach computes the unified strength of polarity of each lexical entry based on the Pearson correlation coefficient which measures how correlated lexical entries are with a value between 1 and −1, where 1 indicates that the lexical entries are perfectly correlated, 0 indicates no correlation, and −1 means they are perfectly inversely correlated and so is the UnifiedMetrics procedure for CPU and GPU, respectively. Another problem is the high processing time required for computing all the lexical entries in the unification task. Thus, the USL approach computes a subset of lexical entries in each of the 1344 GPU cores and uses parallel processing in order to unify 155802 lexical entries. The results of the analysis conducted using the USL approach show that the USL has 95.430 lexical entries, out of which there are 35.201 considered to be positive, 22.029 negative, and 38.200 neutral. Finally, the runtime was 10 minutes for 95.430 lexical entries; this allows a reduction of the time computing for the UnifiedMetrics by 3 times.
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    The Role of Wealth and Health in Insurance Choice: Bivariate Probit Analysis in China (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: This paper captures the correlation between the choices of health insurance and pension insurance using the bivariate probit model and then studies the effect of wealth and health on insurance choice. Our empirical evidence shows that people who participate in a health care program are more likely to participate in a pension plan at the same time, while wealth and health have different effects on the choices of the health care program and the pension program. Generally, the higher an individual’s wealth level is, the more likelihood he will participate in a health care program; but wealth has no effect on the participation of pension. Health status has opposite effects on choices of health care programs and pension plans; the poorer an individual’s health is, the more likely he is to participate in health care programs, while the better health he enjoys, the more likely he is to participate in pension plans. When the investigation scope narrows down to commercial insurance, there is only a significant effect of health status on commercial health insurance. The commercial insurance choice and the insurance choice of the agricultural population are more complicated.
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    A Modified D-K Iteration Approach for the Decentralized Control of Civil Structures with Parametric Uncertainties (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: This paper presents a robust decentralized controller design method to suppress the vibration of civil structures with the consideration of parametric uncertainties. The decentralized controller design is motivated by the double homotopy approach, which approximates the bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) derived from bounded real lemma to linear matrix inequality (LMI), and gradually deforms a centralized controller to a decentralized controller. The centralized controller can be designed for the civil structures with the parametric uncertainties through D-K iteration method in μ synthesis, which can consider the diagonal block pattern of the uncertain matrix. This paper combines the double homotopy approach and D-K iteration method to design the robust decentralized controller for the civil structures with parametric uncertainties. The proposed method is validated numerically with a four-story building example.
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    Hiding a Covert Digital Image by Assembling the RSA Encryption Method and the Binary Encoding Method (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: The Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption method and the binary encoding method are assembled to form a hybrid hiding method to hide a covert digital image into a dot-matrix holographic image. First, the RSA encryption method is used to transform the covert image to form a RSA encryption data string. Then, all the elements of the RSA encryption data string are transferred into binary data. Finally, the binary data are encoded into the dot-matrix holographic image. The pixels of the dot-matrix holographic image contain seven groups of codes used for reconstructing the covert image. The seven groups of codes are identification codes, covert-image dimension codes, covert-image graylevel codes, pre-RSA bit number codes, RSA key codes, post-RSA bit number codes, and information codes. The reconstructed covert image derived from the dot-matrix holographic image and the original covert image are exactly the same.
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    Analysis of the Boundary Knot Method for 3D Helmholtz-Type Equation (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Numerical solutions of the boundary knot method (BKM) always perform oscillatory convergence when using a large number of boundary points in solving the Helmholtz-type problems. The main reason for this phenomenon may contribute to the severely ill-conditioned full coefficient matrix. In order to obtain admissible stable convergence results, regularization techniques and the effective condition number are employed in the process of simulating 3D Helmholtz-type problems. Numerical results are tested for the 3D Helmholtz-type equation with noisy and non-noisy boundary conditions. It is shown that the BKM in combination with the regularization techniques is able to produce stable numerical solutions.
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    Variations in the Flow Approach to CFCLP-TC for Multiobjective Supply Chain Design (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: We review the problem for the design of supply chains called Capacitated Fixed Cost Facility Location Problem with Transportation Choices (CFCLP-TC). The problem is based on a production network of two echelons with multiple plants, a set of potential distribution centers, and customers. The problem is formulated as an optimization model with two objective functions based on time and cost. This paper proposes three changes to the original model to compare the sets of efficient solutions and the computational time required to obtain them. The main contribution of this paper is to extend the existing literature by incorporating approaches for the supply of product to customers through multiple sources, the direct flow between plants and customers, without this necessarily implying removing the distribution centers, and the product flow between distribution centers. From these approaches, we generate mathematical programming models and propose to solve through the epsilon-constraint approach for generating Pareto fronts and thus compare each of these approaches with the original model. The models are implemented in GAMS and solved with CPLEX.
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    Cultural-Based Genetic Tabu Algorithm for Multiobjective Job Shop Scheduling (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: The job shop scheduling problem, which has been dealt with by various traditional optimization methods over the decades, has proved to be an NP-hard problem and difficult in solving, especially in the multiobjective field. In this paper, we have proposed a novel quadspace cultural genetic tabu algorithm (QSCGTA) to solve such problem. This algorithm provides a different structure from the original cultural algorithm in containing double brief spaces and population spaces. These spaces deal with different levels of populations globally and locally by applying genetic and tabu searches separately and exchange information regularly to make the process more effective towards promising areas, along with modified multiobjective domination and transform functions. Moreover, we have presented a bidirectional shifting for the decoding process of job shop scheduling. The computational results we presented significantly prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the cultural-based genetic tabu algorithm for the multiobjective job shop scheduling problem.
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    Internal Leakage Fault Detection and Tolerant Control of Single-Rod Hydraulic Actuators (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: The integration of internal leakage fault detection and tolerant control for single-rod hydraulic actuators is present in this paper. Fault detection is a potential technique to provide efficient condition monitoring and/or preventive maintenance, and fault tolerant control is a critical method to improve the safety and reliability of hydraulic servo systems. Based on quadratic Lyapunov functions, a performance-oriented fault detection method is proposed, which has a simple structure and is prone to implement in practice. The main feature is that, when a prescribed performance index is satisfied (even a slight fault has occurred), there is no fault alarmed; otherwise (i.e., a severe fault has occurred), the fault is detected and then a fault tolerant controller is activated. The proposed tolerant controller, which is based on the parameter adaptive methodology, is also prone to realize, and the learning mechanism is simple since only the internal leakage is considered in parameter adaptation and thus the persistent exciting (PE) condition is easily satisfied. After the activation of the fault tolerant controller, the control performance is gradually recovered. Simulation results on a hydraulic servo system with both abrupt and incipient internal leakage fault demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection and tolerant control method.
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    An Initial Implementation of Multiagent Simulation of Travel Behavior for a Medium-Sized City in China (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Since the traditional four-step model is so simple that it cannot solve complex modern transportation problems, microsimulation is gradually applied for transportation planning and some researches indicate that it is more compatible and realistic. In this paper, a framework of agent-based simulation of travel behavior is proposed, which is realized by MATSim, a simulation tool developed for large-scale agent-based simulation. MATSim is currently developed and some of its models are under training, so a detailed introduction of simulation structure and preparation of input data will be presented. In practice, the preparation process differs from one to another in different simulation projects because the available data for simulation is various. Thus, a simulation of travel behavior under a condition of limited available survey data will be studied based on MATSim; furthermore, a medium-sized city in China will be taken as an example to check whether agent-based simulation of travel behavior can be successfully applied in China.
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    A Game-Theoretic Model to Analyze Value Creation with Simultaneous Cooperation and Competition of Supply Chain Partners (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: There is a rising trend in supplying chain management to employ simultaneous cooperation and competition (coopetition) among supply chain partners as an efficient strategy to create value. There exist, however, few models which analyze coopetitive situations mathematically. Cooperative game theory is the common tool in analyzing cooperative situations. However, the term “cooperative” in “cooperative game theory” is absolutely misleading since it ultimately leads to competition analysis and ignores the internal structure of the cooperation. Coopetition, however, results in structural transformations in players. Therefore, we require a mathematical modeling approach which takes into account the internal structural changes due to cooperation among competitors. In so doing, in this paper we propose, we assume that those parameters of each firm’s profit function are subject to transformation by cooperation as a function of cooperation level so as to determine the right level of cooperation and production of firms while considering technical cooperation between them. Furthermore, we demonstrate the results of applying the idea to a supply chain situation where two similar suppliers participate. We conclude that under intuitive conditions coopetition strategy is superior to the pure competitive relationship between the suppliers in terms of profitability which validates the previous empirical results mathematically.
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    A Study on Compressive Anisotropy and Nonassociated Flow Plasticity of the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in Hot Rolling (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Effect of anisotropy in compression is studied on hot rolling of AZ31 magnesium alloy with a three-dimensional constitutive model based on the quadratic Hill48 yield criterion and nonassociated flow rule (non-AFR). The constitutive model is characterized by compressive tests of AZ31 billets since plastic deformations of materials are mostly caused by compression during rolling processes. The characterized plasticity model is implemented into ABAQUS/Explicit as a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) based on semi-implicit backward Euler's method. The subroutine is employed to simulate square-bar rolling processes. The simulation results are compared with rolled specimens and those predicted by the von Mises and the Hill48 yield function under AFR. Moreover, strip rolling is also simulated for AZ31 with the Hill48 yield function under non-AFR. The strip rolling simulation demonstrates that the lateral spread generated by the non-AFR model is in good agreement with experimental data. These comparisons between simulation and experiments validate that the proposed Hill48 yield function under non-AFR provides satisfactory description of plastic deformation behavior in hot rolling for AZ31 alloys in case that the anisotropic parameters in the Hill48 yield function and the non-associated flow rule are calibrated by the compressive experimental results.
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    Study on the Weaving Behavior of High Density Bidirectional Pedestrian Flow (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Weaving area may be the critical risk place in the subway transfer station. When improving service level of the weaving area, the characteristic of pedestrian weaving behavior should be systemically discussed. This paper described the mechanism of weaving behavior on high density pedestrian which was analyzed by the collection data of controlled experiment. Different weaving behaviors were contrasted due to different volumes in the bidirectional passageway. Video analysis was conducted to extract pedestrian moving behavior and calibrate the movement data with SIMI Motion. Influence of the high density weaving pedestrian was studied based on the statistical results (e.g., velocity, walking distance, and journey time). Furthermore, the quantitative method by speed analysis was announced to discriminate the conflict point. The scopes of weaving area and impact area at different pedestrian volumes were revealed to analyze the pedestrian turning angle. The paper concluded that walking pedestrians are significantly influenced by the weaving conflict and trend to turn the moving direction to avoid the conflict in weaving area; the ratio of stable weaving area and impact area is 2 to 3. The conclusions do provide a method to evaluate the transfer station safety and a facility layout guidance to improve the capacity.
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    Robust Sliding Control of SEIR Epidemic Models (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: This paper is aimed at designing a robust vaccination strategy capable of eradicating an infectious disease from a population regardless of the potential uncertainty in the parameters defining the disease. For this purpose, a control theoretic approach based on a sliding-mode control law is used. Initially, the controller is designed assuming certain knowledge of an upper-bound of the uncertainty signal. Afterwards, this condition is removed while an adaptive sliding control system is designed. The closed-loop properties are proved mathematically in the nonadaptive and adaptive cases. Furthermore, the usual sign function appearing in the sliding-mode control is substituted by the saturation function in order to prevent chattering. In addition, the properties achieved by the closed-loop system under this variation are also stated and proved analytically. The closed-loop system is able to attain the control objective regardless of the parametric uncertainties of the model and the lack of a priori knowledge on the system.
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    Properties Analysis on Travel Intensity of Land Use Patterns (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Quantization of the relationship between travel intensity and land use patterns is still a critical problem in urban transportation planning. Achieved researches on land use patterns are restricted to macrodata such as population and area, which failed to provide detail travel information for transportation planners. There is still problem on how to reflect the relationship between transport and land use accurately. This paper presents a study that is reflective of such an effort. A data extraction method is developed to get the travel origin and destination (OD) between traffic zones based on the mobile data of 100,000 residents in Beijing. Then Point of Interests (POIs) data in typical traffic zones was analyzed combined with construction area investigation. Based on the analysis of travel OD and POI data, the average travel intensity of each land use pattern is quantified. Research results could provide a quantitative basis for the optimization of urban transportation planning.
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    Dynamic Pricing of Fashion-Like Multiproducts with Customers’ Reference Effect and Limited Memory (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: We study a fashion retailer’s dynamic pricing problem in which consumers present reference effect and memory window. Based on the theory of Baucells et al. (2011), we propose a new reference-price updating mechanism in fashion and textile (FT) industry where consumers have a bounded memory window and anchor on the first and most recent price in any memory window. Moreover, we study the impacts of this mechanism on optimal pricing policy for a retailer selling multiple fashion-like products and analyze optimal price’s steady state, monotonicity, and convergence. For two-product case, we find that, for otherwise identical products, the steady-state price of a core product is lower than that of a noncore product. We compute the retailer’s loss of revenue if he incorrectly assumes the reference-price effect to be at the product level and prices the products individually. Further, as illustrated with numerical results, our model is a flexible way to make pricing strategy if the retailer can anticipate the length of consumers’ memory window.
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    Distributed Consensus-Based Robust Adaptive Formation Control for Nonholonomic Mobile Robots with Partial Known Dynamics (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: This paper investigates the distributed consensus-based robust adaptive formation control for nonholonomic mobile robots with partially known dynamics. Firstly, multirobot formation control problem has been converted into a state consensus problem. Secondly, the practical control strategies, which incorporate the distributed kinematic controllers and the robust adaptive torque controllers, are designed for solving the formation control problem. Thirdly, the specified reference trajectory for the geometric centroid of the formation is assumed as the trajectory of a virtual leader, whose information is available to only a subset of the followers. Finally, numerical results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approaches.
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    Event-Triggered Average Consensus for Multiagent Systems with Time-Varying Delay (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: The paper investigates average consensus for multiagent systems with time-varying delay. A reducing dimension multiagent systems model is presented firstly. Using event-triggered mechanism to reduce network load, a comprehensive model is then proposed, which considers communication delay and triggered issue. Furthermore, the event-triggered average consensus stability of multiagent systems with fixed directed/undirected graph is analyzed, and sufficient conditions are provided. Moreover, the upper bound of time-varying delay can be obtained conveniently. Finally, simulation results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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    A Study of Bending Mode Algorithm of Adaptive Front-Lighting System Based on Driver Preview Behavior (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: The function of adaptive front-lighting system is to improve the lighting condition of the road ahead and driving safety at night. The current system seldom considers characteristics of the driver’s preview behavior and eye movement. To solve this problem, an AFS algorithm modeling a driver’s preview behavior was proposed. According to the vehicle’s state, the driver’s manipulating input, and the vehicle’s future state change which resulted from the driver’s input, a dynamic predictive algorithm of the vehicle’s future track was established based on an optimal preview acceleration model. Then, an experiment on the change rule of the driver’s preview distance with different speeds and different road curvatures was implemented with the eye tracker and the calibration method of the driver’s preview time was established. On the basis of these above theories and experiments, the preview time was introduced to help predict the vehicle’s future track and an AFS algorithm modeling the driver’s preview behavior was built. Finally, a simulation analysis of the AFS algorithm was carried out. By analyzing the change process of the headlamp’s lighting region while bend turning which was controlled by the algorithm, its control effect was verified to be precise.
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    Binary Structuring Elements Decomposition Based on an Improved Recursive Dilation-Union Model and RSAPSO Method (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-28
    Description: This paper proposed an improved approach to decompose structuring elements of an arbitrary shape. For the model of this method, we use an improved dilation-union model, adding a new termination criterion, as the sum of 3-by-3 matrix should be less than 5. Next for the algorithm of this method, we introduced in the restarted simulated annealing particle swarm optimization method. The experiments demonstrate that our method can find better results than Park's method, Anelli's method, Shih's SGA method, and Zhang's MFSGA method. Besides, our method gave the best decomposition tree of different SE shapes including “ship,” “car,” “heart,” “umbrella,” “vase,” “tree,” “cat,” “V,” “bomb,” and “cup.”
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    Punishment Effect of Prisoner Dilemma Game Based on a New Evolution Strategy Rule (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-28
    Description: We discuss the effect of the punishment in the prisoner’s dilemma game. We propose a new evolution strategy rule which can reflect the external factor for both players in the evolution game. In general, if the punishment exists, the D (defection-defection) structure (i.e., both of the two players choose D-D strategy) which is the Nash equilibrium for the game can keep stable and never let the cooperation emerge. However, if a new evolution strategy rule is adopted, we can find that the D-D structure can not keep stable and it will decrease during the game from the simulations. In fact, the punishment mainly affects the C-D (cooperation-defection) structure in the network. After the fraction of the C-D structure achieved some levels, the punishment can keep the C-D structure stable and prevent it from transforming into C-C (cooperation-cooperation) structure. Moreover, in light of the stability of structure and the payoff of the individual gains, it can be found that the probability which is related to the payoff can affect the result of the evolution game.
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    Formulation and Simulations of the Conserving Algorithm for Feedback Stabilization on Rigid Body Rotations (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-28
    Description: The problem of stabilization of rigid bodies has received a great deal of attention for many years. People have developed a variety of feedback control laws to meet their design requirements and have formulated various but mostly open loop numerical algorithms for the dynamics of the corresponding closed loop systems. Since the conserved quantities such as energy, momentum, and symmetry play an important role in the dynamics, we investigate the conserved quantities for the closed loop control systems which formally or asymptotically stabilize rigid body rotation and modify the open loop numerical algorithms so that they preserve these important properties. Using several examples, the authors first use the open loop algorithm to simulate the tumbling rigid body actions and then use the resulting closed loop one to stabilize them.
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    Design of Attitude Control System for UAV Based on Feedback Linearization and Adaptive Control (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: Attitude dynamic model of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is multi-input multioutput (MIMO), strong coupling, and nonlinear. Model uncertainties and external gust disturbances should be considered during designing the attitude control system for UAVs. In this paper, feedback linearization and model reference adaptive control (MRAC) are integrated to design the attitude control system for a fixed wing UAV. First of all, the complicated attitude dynamic model is decoupled into three single-input single-output (SISO) channels by input-output feedback linearization. Secondly, the reference models are determined, respectively, according to the performance indexes of each channel. Subsequently, the adaptive control law is obtained using MRAC theory. In order to demonstrate the performance of attitude control system, the adaptive control law and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control law are, respectively, used in the coupling nonlinear simulation model. Simulation results indicate that the system performance indexes including maximum overshoot, settling time (2% error range), and rise time obtained by MRAC are better than those by PID. Moreover, MRAC system has stronger robustness with respect to the model uncertainties and gust disturbance.
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    Performance and Risk Assessment of Soil-Structure Interaction Systems Based on Finite Element Reliability Methods (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: In the context of performance-based earthquake engineering, reliability method has been of significant importance in performance and risk assessment of structures or soil-structure interaction (SSI) systems. The finite element (FE) reliability method combines FE analysis with state-of-the-art methods in reliability analysis and has been employed increasingly to estimate the probability of occurrence of failure events corresponding to various hazard levels (e.g., earthquakes with various intensity). In this paper, crucial components for FE reliability analysis are reviewed and summarized. Furthermore, recent advances in both time invariant and time variant reliability analysis methods for realistic nonlinear SSI systems are presented and applied to a two-dimensional two story building on layered soil. Various time invariant reliability analysis methods are applied, including the first-order reliability method (FORM), importance sampling method, and orthogonal plane sampling (OPS) method. For time variant reliability analysis, an upper bound of the failure probability is obtained from numerical integration of the mean outcrossing rate (MOCR). The MOCR is computed by using FORM analysis and OPS analysis. Results by different FE reliability methods are compared in terms of accuracy and computational cost. This paper provides valuable insights for reliability based probabilistic performance and risk assessment of SSI systems.
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    Kalman Filter for Cross-Noise in the Integration of SINS and DVL (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: The integration of strapdown inertial navigation system and Doppler velocity log (SINS/DVL) is widely used for navigation in automatic underwater vehicles (AUVs). In the integration of SINS/DVL, the velocity measured by DVL in body frame should be projected into navigation frame with the help of attitude matrix calculated by SINS to participate in data fusion. In the process of data fusion based on standard Kalman filter, the errors in calculated attitude matrix are characterized by state variance and process noise while the errors in measurement vector from DVL are by measurement noise. But the above projection will bring process noise into measurement noise, and thus the assumption of the independence between process noise and measurement noise will not stand. In this paper, the forming mechanism of cross-noise in SINS/DVL is studied in detail and Kalman filter for cross-noise is introduced to deal with this problem. Simulation results indicate that navigation accuracy, especially the position accuracy, can be improved when the cross-noise is processed in Kalman filter.
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    Control and Optimization of Network in Networked Control System (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: In order to avoid quality of performance (QoP) degradation resulting from quality of service (QoS), the solution to network congestion from the point of control theory, which marks departure of our results from the existing methods, is proposed in this paper. The congestion and bandwidth are regarded as state and control variables, respectively; then, the linear time-invariant (LTI) model between congestion state and bandwidth of network is established. Consequently, linear quadratic method is used to eliminate the network congestion by allocating bandwidth dynamically. At last, numerical simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this modeling approach.
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    Modeling of Duck Density and Complex Stocking Time in Rice-Duck Agroecosystems in Terms of Economic and Ecological Benefits (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: Rice-duck integrated farming is an effective step under today’s sustainable development background. To make better economic and ecological benefits, a rice-duck agroecosystem is established and kept, in which the paddy field, rice, and the duck mutually promote one another. But the duck density and complex stocking time must be rationally selected. Aiming to attain quantitative assessment and optimal selection of the duck density and complex stocking time in this kind of systems, a methodology based on proposed mathematical models in terms of comparative economic and ecological benefits is addressed. Then the models are solved by a hybrid intelligent algorithm NN-GA that integrates the Neural Networks (NN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), making use of the fitting ability in nonlinear fitness context of Neural Networks and the optimization ability of the Genetic Algorithm. Besides, numerical examples are demonstrated in order to test the proposed models. Results reveal that the methodology is reasonable and feasible.
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    Propagation Phenomena and Transitions in Complex Systems 2013 (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
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    Heartbeat Classification Using Normalized RR Intervals and Morphological Features (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: This study developed an automatic heartbeat classification system for identifying normal beats, supraventricular ectopic beats, and ventricular ectopic beats based on normalized RR intervals and morphological features. The proposed heartbeat classification system consists of signal preprocessing, feature extraction, and linear discriminant classification. First, the signal preprocessing removed the high-frequency noise and baseline drift of the original ECG signal. Then the feature extraction derived the normalized RR intervals and two types of morphological features using wavelet analysis and linear prediction modeling. Finally, the linear discriminant classifier combined the extracted features to classify heartbeats. A total of 99,827 heartbeats obtained from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database were divided into three datasets for the training and testing of the optimized heartbeat classification system. The study results demonstrate that the use of the normalized RR interval features greatly improves the positive predictive accuracy of identifying the normal heartbeats and the sensitivity for identifying the supraventricular ectopic heartbeats in comparison with the use of the nonnormalized RR interval features. In addition, the combination of the wavelet and linear prediction morphological features has higher global performance than only using the wavelet features or the linear prediction features.
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    An Analytic Hierarchy Model for Classification Algorithms Selection in Credit Risk Analysis (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: This paper proposes an analytic hierarchy model (AHM) to evaluate classification algorithms for credit risk analysis. The proposed AHM consists of three stages: data mining stage, multicriteria decision making stage, and secondary mining stage. For verification, 2 public-domain credit datasets, 10 classification algorithms, and 10 performance criteria are used to test the proposed AHM in the experimental study. The results demonstrate that the proposed AHM is an efficient tool to select classification algorithms in credit risk analysis, especially when different evaluation algorithms generate conflicting results.
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    Mathematical Foundations for Efficient Structural Controllability and Observability Analysis of Complex Systems (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: The relationship between structural controllability and observability of complex systems is studied. Algebraic and graph theoretic tools are combined to prove the extent of some controller/observer duality results. Two types of control design problems are addressed and some fundamental theoretical results are provided. In addition new algorithms are presented to compute optimal solutions for monitoring large scale real networks.
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    A Hybrid Vector Quantization Combining a Tree Structure and a Voronoi Diagram (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: Multimedia data is a popular communication medium, but requires substantial storage space and network bandwidth. Vector quantization (VQ) is suitable for multimedia data applications because of its simple architecture, fast decoding ability, and high compression rate. Full-search VQ can typically be used to determine optimal codewords, but requires considerable computational time and resources. In this study, a hybrid VQ combining a tree structure and a Voronoi diagram is proposed to improve VQ efficiency. To efficiently reduce the search space, a tree structure integrated with principal component analysis is proposed, to rapidly determine an initial codeword in low-dimensional space. To increase accuracy, a Voronoi diagram is applied to precisely enlarge the search space by modeling relations between each codeword. This enables an optimal codeword to be efficiently identified by rippling an optimal neighbor from parts of neighboring Voronoi regions. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach improved VQ performance, outperforming other approaches. The proposed approach also satisfies the requirements of handheld device application, namely, the use of limited memory and network bandwidth, when a suitable number of dimensions in principal component analysis is selected.
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    Contributions of Flexible-Arch Configurations in Shimenzi Arch Dam: New Evidence from Field Measurements (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: This paper presents a retrospective investigation into the performance of a new type of flexible-arch configurations in Shimenzi arch dam based on the past ten-year-long field measurements. The flexible-arch configurations are mainly comprised of artificial short joints at the middle downstream surface and a middle contraction joint with hinged well and enlarged arch ends with bending joints. Fundamental design considerations of these components are provided, and their contributions to the performance of Shimenzi arch dam are discussed in detail using the monitoring data from joint meters, strain gauges, and thermometers. Some elementary numerical studies have been conducted on a typical arch structure with different arrangements of artificial joints. Both the field data and numerical results prove well the effectiveness of the purposely built short joints and the middle contraction joint on the relaxation of tensile stress mobilization. Field survey data also clearly demonstrate the significance of the hinged well at the upstream side of the middle joint for a continuous arch force transfer.
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    Optimal Control of a PEM Fuel Cell for the Inputs Minimization (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: The trajectory tracking problem of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is considered. To solve this problem, an optimal controller is proposed. The optimal technique has the objective that the system states should reach the desired trajectories while the inputs are minimized. The proposed controller uses the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman method where its Riccati equation is considered as an adaptive function. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified by two simulations.
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    Fuzzy-Based Segmentation for Variable Font-Sized Text Extraction from Images/Videos (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: Textual information embedded in multimedia can provide a vital tool for indexing and retrieval. A lot of work is done in the field of text localization and detection because of its very fundamental importance. One of the biggest challenges of text detection is to deal with variation in font sizes and image resolution. This problem gets elevated due to the undersegmentation or oversegmentation of the regions in an image. The paper addresses this problem by proposing a solution using novel fuzzy-based method. This paper advocates postprocessing segmentation method that can solve the problem of variation in text sizes and image resolution. The methodology is tested on ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Challenge dataset which amply proves the strength of the recommended method.
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    Recursive Estimation for Dynamical Systems with Different Delay Rates Sensor Network and Autocorrelated Process Noises (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: The recursive estimation problem is studied for a class of uncertain dynamical systems with different delay rates sensor network and autocorrelated process noises. The process noises are assumed to be autocorrelated across time and the autocorrelation property is described by the covariances between different time instants. The system model under consideration is subject to multiplicative noises or stochastic uncertainties. The sensor delay phenomenon occurs in a random way and each sensor in the sensor network has an individual delay rate which is characterized by a binary switching sequence obeying a conditional probability distribution. By using the orthogonal projection theorem and an innovation analysis approach, the desired recursive robust estimators including recursive robust filter, predictor, and smoother are obtained. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
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    The Number of Spanning Trees in the Composition Graphs (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: Using the composition of some existing smaller graphs to construct some large graphs, the number of spanning trees and the Laplacian eigenvalues of such large graphs are also closely related to those of the corresponding smaller ones. By using tools from linear algebra and matrix theory, we establish closed formulae for the number of spanning trees of the composition of two graphs with one of them being an arbitrary complete 3-partite graph and the other being an arbitrary graph. Our results extend some of the previous work, which depend on the structural parameters such as the number of vertices and eigenvalues of the small graphs only.
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    An Improved Phase Disposition SPWM Strategy for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: The Carrier Phase Shifted (CPS) strategy is conventional for cascaded multilevel inverter, because it can naturally ensure all cascaded cells to output balanced power. However, in point of spectra of the output line voltage, CPS is suboptimal to Phase Disposition (PD) strategy, because the latter can not naturally ensure power balance. This paper presents an improved PD strategy, inspiration from the disposition of CPS strategy triangle carriers. Just reconstructing the triangle carriers of PD strategy, it can not only reserve the waveform quality of the line voltage to be optimal, but also naturally ensure the output power of each cascaded cells to be balanced.
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    Fundamental Issues and Prospective Directions in Networked Multirate Control Systems (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: In view of the synchronized uniform equidistant sampling method that is widely used in network control systems (NCSs), multirate sampling control for NCSs is presented by considering the natural characteristics of NCSs. Two kinds of typical structures of network multirate control systems (NMCSs) are presented and the multirate sampling mechanisms are formulated. Then, fundamental issues and prospective directions in NMCSs are preliminarily discussed. The contents involve modeling, sampling pattern selection, control strategies, scheduling algorithms, and codesign of NMCSs. The purpose of this paper is to arouse more attention of researchers in related subjects, so that a complete theory for NCSs can be established.
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    Energy Demodulation Algorithm for Flow Velocity Measurement of Oil-Gas-Water Three-Phase Flow (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: Flow velocity measurement was an important research of oil-gas-water three-phase flow parameter measurements. In order to satisfy the increasing demands for flow detection technology, the paper presented a gas-liquid phase flow velocity measurement method which was based on energy demodulation algorithm combing with time delay estimation technology. First, a gas-liquid phase separation method of oil-gas-water three-phase flow based on energy demodulation algorithm and blind signal separation technology was proposed. The separation of oil-gas-water three-phase signals which were sampled by conductance sensor performed well, so the gas-phase signal and the liquid-phase signal were obtained. Second, we used the time delay estimation technology to get the delay time of gas-phase signals and liquid-phase signals, respectively, and the gas-phase velocity and the liquid-phase velocity were derived. At last, the experiment was performed at oil-gas-water three-phase flow loop, and the results indicated that the measurement errors met the need of velocity measurement. So it provided a feasible method for gas-liquid phase velocity measurement of the oil-gas-water three-phase flow.
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    Numerical Investigation of Wave Slamming of Flat Bottom Body during Water Entry Process (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: A numerical wave load model based on two-phase (water-air) Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) type equations is used to evaluate hydrodynamic forces exerted on flat bottom body while entering ocean waves of deploying process. The discretization of the RANS equations is achieved by a finite volume (FV) approach. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed to track the complicated free surface. A numerical wave tank is built to generate the ocean waves which are suitable for deploying offshore structures. A typical deploying condition is employed to reflect the process of flat bottom body impacting waves, and the pressure distribution of bottom is also presented. Four different lowering velocities are applied to obtain the relationship between slamming force and wave parameters. The numerical results clearly demonstrated the characteristics of flat bottom body impacting ocean waves.
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    Geometric Generalisation of Surrogate Model-Based Optimisation to Combinatorial and Program Spaces (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: Surrogate models (SMs) can profitably be employed, often in conjunction with evolutionary algorithms, in optimisation in which it is expensive to test candidate solutions. The spatial intuition behind SMs makes them naturally suited to continuous problems, and the only combinatorial problems that have been previously addressed are those with solutions that can be encoded as integer vectors. We show how radial basis functions can provide a generalised SM for combinatorial problems which have a geometric solution representation, through the conversion of that representation to a different metric space. This approach allows an SM to be cast in a natural way for the problem at hand, without ad hoc adaptation to a specific representation. We test this adaptation process on problems involving binary strings, permutations, and tree-based genetic programs.
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    State Estimation for Discrete-Time Fuzzy Cellular Neural Networks with Mixed Time Delays (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: This paper is concerned with the exponential state estimation problem for a class of discrete-time fuzzy cellular neural networks with mixed time delays. The main purpose is to estimate the neuron states through available output measurements such that the dynamics of the estimation error is globally exponentially stable. By constructing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional which contains a triple summation term, some sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the existence of the state estimator. The linear matrix inequality approach is employed for the first time to deal with the fuzzy cellular neural networks in the discrete-time case. Compared with the present conditions in the form of -matrix, the results obtained in this paper are less conservative and can be checked readily by the MATLAB toolbox. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
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    Rail Vehicle Vibrations Control Using Parameters Adaptive PID Controller (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: In this study, vertical rail vehicle vibrations are controlled by the use of conventional PID and parameters which are adaptive to PID controllers. A parameters adaptive PID controller is designed to improve the passenger comfort by intuitional usage of this method that renews the parameters online and sensitively under variable track inputs. Sinusoidal vertical rail misalignment and measured real rail irregularity are considered as two different disruptive effects of the system. Active vibration control is applied to the system through the secondary suspension. The active suspension application of rail vehicle is examined by using 5-DOF quarter-rail vehicle model by using Manchester benchmark dynamic parameters. The new parameters of adaptive controller are optimized by means of genetic algorithm toolbox of MATLAB. Simulations are performed at maximum urban transportation speed (90 km/h) of the rail vehicle with ±5% load changes of rail vehicle body to test the robustness of controllers. As a result, superior performance of parameters of adaptive controller is determined in time and frequency domain.
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    Thermomechanical Modeling of Shape Memory Alloys with Rate Dependency on the Pseudoelastic Behavior (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: The loading-rate dependency on the pseudoelastic behaviors of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is experimentally and numerically investigated. The results are analyzed to estimate the parameters for a thermomechanical constitutive model of SMA wire with strain-rate dependency of the hysteresis behavior. An analytical model of SMAs is developed by using nonconstant parameters during various strain rates. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the improved model.
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    Robust Production Planning in Fashion Apparel Industry under Demand Uncertainty via Conditional Value at Risk (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: This paper presents a mathematical model for robust production planning. The model helps fashion apparel suppliers in making decisions concerning allocation of production orders to different production plants characterized by different lead times and production costs, and in proper time scheduling and sequencing of these production orders. The model aims at optimizing these decisions concerning objectives of minimal production costs and minimal tardiness. It considers several factors such as the stochastic nature of customer demand, differences in production and transport costs and transport times between production plants in different regions. Finally, the model is applied to a case study. The results of numerical computations are presented. The implications of the model results on different fashion related product types and delivery strategies, as well as the model’s limitations and potentials for expansion, are discussed. Results indicate that the production planning model using conditional value at risk (CVaR) as the risk measure performs robustly and provides flexibility in decision analysis between different scenarios.
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    Error Bounds and Finite Termination for Constrained Optimization Problems (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: We present a global error bound for the projected gradient of nonconvex constrained optimization problems and a local error bound for the distance from a feasible solution to the optimal solution set of convex constrained optimization problems, by using the merit function involved in the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. For the solution sets (stationary points set and points set) of nonconvex constrained optimization problems, we establish the definitions of generalized nondegeneration and generalized weak sharp minima. Based on the above, the necessary and sufficient conditions for a feasible solution of the nonconvex constrained optimization problems to terminate finitely at the two solutions are given, respectively. Accordingly, the results in this paper improve and popularize existing results known in the literature. Further, we utilize the global error bound for the projected gradient with the merit function being computed easily to describe these necessary and sufficient conditions.
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    Derivative-Based Trapezoid Rule for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: The derivative-based trapezoid rule for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral is presented which uses 2 derivative values at the endpoints. This kind of quadrature rule obtains an increase of two orders of precision over the trapezoid rule for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral and the error term is investigated. At last, the rationality of the generalization of derivative-based trapezoid rule for Riemann-Stieltjes integral is demonstrated.
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    A New Mathematical Model for Pressure Transient Analysis in Stress-Sensitive Reservoirs (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: For stress-sensitive reservoir, the permeability decreases with the increase of the effective overburden pressure, and pressure transient analysis based on constant rock properties, especially permeability, can lead to significant errors. In this paper, according to the permeability-pressure relationship described by a power function instead of the popularly used exponential function, a new mathematical model for transient fluid flow in stress-sensitive reservoirs is established. The numerical solution is obtained by the fully implicit finite difference method which has been validated by some published analytical solutions before it is used to compute pressure transient responses for stress-sensitive reservoirs. Pressure response curves are plotted and the effects of relevant parameters on both pressure drawdown and buildup responses have been studied. The presented model could provide an alternative method for understanding and predicting the performances for stress-sensitive reservoirs.
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    Circuit Design of Surface Acoustic Wave Based Micro Force Sensor (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: Pressure sensors are commonly used in industrial production and mechanical system. However, resistance strain, piezoresistive sensor, and ceramic capacitive pressure sensors possess limitations, especially in micro force measurement. A surface acoustic wave (SAW) based micro force sensor is designed in this paper, which is based on the theories of wavelet transform, SAW detection, and pierce oscillator circuits. Using lithium niobate as the basal material, a mathematical model is established to analyze the frequency, and a peripheral circuit is designed to measure the micro force. The SAW based micro force sensor is tested to show the reasonable design of detection circuit and the stability of frequency and amplitude.
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    Risk-Controlled Multiobjective Portfolio Selection Problem Using a Principle of Compromise (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: This paper proposes a multiobjective portfolio selection problem with most probable random distribution derived from current market data and other random distributions of boom and recession under the risk-controlled parameters determined by an investor. The current market data and information include not only historical data but also interpretations of economists’ oral and linguistic information, and hence, the boom and recession are often caused by these nonnumeric data. Therefore, investors need to consider several situations from most probable condition to boom and recession and to avoid the risk less than the target return in each situation. Furthermore, it is generally difficult to set random distributions of these cases exactly. Therefore, a robust-based approach for portfolio selection problems using the only mean values and variances of securities is proposed as a multiobjective programming problem. In addition, an exact algorithm is developed to obtain an explicit optimal portfolio using a principle of compromise.
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    Improved Delay-Dependent Robust Stability Criteria for a Class of Uncertain Neutral Type Lur’e Systems with Discrete and Distributed Delays (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: This paper is concerned with the problem of delay-dependent robust stability analysis for a class of uncertain neutral type Lur’e systems with mixed time-varying delays. The system has not only time-varying uncertainties and sector-bounded nonlinearity, but also discrete and distributed delays, which has never been discussed in the previous literature. Firstly, by employing one effective mathematical technique, some less conservative delay-dependent stability results are established without employing the bounding technique and the mode transformation approach. Secondly, by constructing an appropriate new type of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with triple terms, improved delay-dependent stability criteria in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) derived in this paper are much brief and valid. Furthermore, both nonlinearities located in finite sector and infinite one have been also fully taken into account. Finally, three numerical examples are presented to illustrate lesser conservatism and the advantage of the proposed main results.
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    Multigene Genetic Programming for Estimation of Elastic Modulus of Concrete (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: This paper presents a new multigene genetic programming (MGGP) approach for estimation of elastic modulus of concrete. The MGGP technique models the elastic modulus behavior by integrating the capabilities of standard genetic programming and classical regression. The main aim is to derive precise relationships between the tangent elastic moduli of normal and high strength concrete and the corresponding compressive strength values. Another important contribution of this study is to develop a generalized prediction model for the elastic moduli of both normal and high strength concrete. Numerous concrete compressive strength test results are obtained from the literature to develop the models. A comprehensive comparative study is conducted to verify the performance of the models. The proposed models perform superior to the existing traditional models, as well as those derived using other powerful soft computing tools.
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    Dynamic Surface Control and Its Application to Lateral Vehicle Control (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: This paper extends the design and analysis methodology of dynamic surface control (DSC) in Song and Hedrick, 2011, for a more general class of nonlinear systems. When rotational mechanical systems such as lateral vehicle control and robot control are considered for applications, sinusoidal functions are easily included in the equation of motions. If such a sinusoidal function is used as a forcing term for DSC, the stability analysis faces the difficulty due to highly nonlinear functions resulting from the low-pass filter dynamics. With modification of input variables to the filter dynamics, the burden of mathematical analysis can be reduced and stability conditions in linear matrix inequality form to guarantee the quadratic stability via DSC are derived for the given class of nonlinear systems. Finally, the proposed design and analysis approach are applied to lateral vehicle control for forward automated driving and backward parallel parking at a low speed as well as an illustrative example.
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    Stochastic Systems: Modeling, Optimization, and Applications (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
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    Efficiently Implementing the Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Hurst Exponent (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: This paper aims to efficiently implement the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for Hurst exponent, a vital parameter embedded in the process of fractional Brownian motion (FBM) or fractional Gaussian noise (FGN), via a combination of the Levinson algorithm and Cholesky decomposition. Many natural and biomedical signals can often be modeled as one of these two processes. It is necessary for users to estimate the Hurst exponent to differentiate one physical signal from another. Among all estimators for estimating the Hurst exponent, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is optimal, whereas its computational cost is also the highest. Consequently, a faster but slightly less accurate estimator is often adopted. Analysis discovers that the combination of the Levinson algorithm and Cholesky decomposition can avoid storing any matrix and performing any matrix multiplication and thus save a great deal of computer memory and computational time. In addition, the first proposed MLE for the Hurst exponent was based on the assumptions that the mean is known as zero and the variance is unknown. In this paper, all four possible situations are considered: known mean, unknown mean, known variance, and unknown variance. Experimental results show that the MLE through efficiently implementing numerical computation can greatly enhance the computational performance.
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    Generalized Lagging Response of Thermoelastic Beams (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: The vibrations of Euler-Bernoulli metal beam are accommodated in the present study by taking into account the possibility of activating the microstructural effects, captured by the temperature gradient phase lag, in the fast transient process captured by the heat flux phase lag. The thermal moment is approximated as the difference between the top and the bottom surface temperatures (Massalas and Kalpakidis 1983). Three generalizations of the Biot model of thermomechanics are considered: Lord-Shulman, dual-phase-lag (Tzou 1997), and modified dual-phase-lag (Awad 2012). It is found that when the response time is shortened, the material dimensions are small, or when the method of heating is changed, the dual-phase-lag model records a significant decrease in the lattice variables. The spurious serrations of the classical thermoelastic wave are smoothed in the dual-phase-lag wave. The dual-phase-lag thermoelasticity is the closest macroscopic approach to the ultrafast model (Chen et al. 2002).
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    Parameter Identification of PMSM Using Immune Clonal Selection Differential Evolution Algorithm (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) models with accurate parameters are crucial to high performance PMSM control system designs. As the estimation of PMSM parameters is very difficult due to the nonlinear model complexity, a novel immune clonal differential evolution algorithm (ICDEA) is proposed to identify the electrical parameters of nonsalient pole PMSM. Clonal selection and receptor editing mechanism are introduced to ICDEA to increase the diversity of the population and improve searching capability. The effectiveness of the proposed identification method is verified by both simulation and experiment. The results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence in simultaneously estimating stator resistance, dq-axis inductances, and rotor flux linkage. In addition, the convergence speed of ICDEA is compared with other differential evolution (DE) algorithms, which verifies that the ICDEA has better performances in global searching.
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    Hamming Code Based Watermarking Scheme for 3D Model Verification (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: Due to the explosive growth of the Internet and maturing of 3D hardware techniques, protecting 3D objects becomes a more and more important issue. In this paper, a public hamming code based fragile watermarking technique is proposed for 3D objects verification. An adaptive watermark is generated from each cover model by using the hamming code technique. A simple least significant bit (LSB) substitution technique is employed for watermark embedding. In the extraction stage, the hamming code based watermark can be verified by using the hamming code checking without embedding any verification information. Experimental results shows that 100% vertices of the cover model can be watermarked, extracted, and verified. It also shows that the proposed method can improve security and achieve low distortion of stego object.
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  • 191
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    Day-to-Day Scheduling Travel Time Adjustment Behavior and Simulation (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: This paper proposes a modeling framework to study the day-to-day scheduling travel time adjustment behavior on the base of past experiences. Scheduling travel time is defined as the difference between the requested arrival time and the departure time. Mathematical equations are established to formulate every traveler’s dynamic adjustment on his/her departure time. In the adjustment process, the last day’s scheduling time is an essential component, while the numbers of late arrivals, punctual arrivals, and early arrivals in a previous day are used to reflect the past experiences. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling framework.
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    Optimal Routing for Heterogeneous Fixed Fleets of Multicompartment Vehicles (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: We present a metaheuristic called the reactive guided tabu search (RGTS) to solve the heterogeneous fleet multicompartment vehicle routing problem (MCVRP), where a single vehicle is required for cotransporting multiple customer orders. MCVRP is commonly found in delivery of fashion apparel, petroleum distribution, food distribution, and waste collection. In searching the optimum solution of MCVRP, we need to handle a large amount of local optima in the solution spaces. To overcome this problem, we design three guiding mechanisms in which the search history is used to guide the search. The three mechanisms are experimentally demonstrated to be more efficient than the ones which only apply the known distance information. Armed with the guiding mechanisms and the well-known reactive mechanism, the RGTS can produce remarkable solutions in a reasonable computation time.
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    Damage Detection for Continuous Bridge Based on Static-Dynamic Condensation and Extended Kalman Filtering (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: As an effective and classical method about physical parameter identification, extended Kalman filtering (EKF) algorithm is widely used in structural damage identification, but the equations and solutions for the structure with bending deformation are not established based on EKF. The degrees of freedom about rotation can be eliminated by the static condensation method, and the dynamic condensation method considering Rayleigh damping is proposed in order to establish the equivalent and simplified modal based on complex finite element model such as continuous girder bridge. According to the requirement of bridge inspection and health monitoring, the online and convenient damage detection method based on EKF is presented. The impact excitation can be generated only on one location by one hammer actuator, and the signal in free vibration is analyzed. The deficiency that the complex excitation information is needed based on the traditional method is overcome. As a numerical example, a three-span continuous girder bridge is simulated, and the corresponding stiffness, the damage location and degree, and the damping parameter are identified accurately. It is verified that the method is suitable for the dynamic signal with high noise-signal ratio; the convergence speed is fast and this method is feasible for application.
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    Three-Echelon Inventory Model with Permissible Delay in Payments under Controllable Lead Time and Backorder Consideration (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: This paper proposes a three-echelon inventory model with permissible delay in payments under controllable lead time and backorder consideration to find out the suitable inventory policy to enhance profit of the supply chain. In today’s highly competitive market, the supply chain management has become a critical issue in both practice and academic and supply chain members have to cooperate with each other to bring more benefits. In addition, the inventory policy is a key factor to influence the performance of the supply chain. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a three-echelon inventory model with permissible delay in payments under controllable lead time and backorder consideration. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to maximize the joint expect total profit on inventory model and attempt to discuss the inventory policy under different conditions. Finally, with a numerical example provided here to illustrate the solution procedure, we may discover that decision-makers can control lead time and payment time to enhance the performance of the supply chain.
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    Deterministic System Identification Using RBF Networks (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: This paper presents an artificial intelligence application using a nonconventional mathematical tool: the radial basis function (RBF) networks, aiming to identify the current plant of an induction motor or other nonlinear systems. Here, the objective is to present the RBF response to different nonlinear systems and analyze the obtained results. A RBF network is trained and simulated in order to obtain the dynamical solution with basin of attraction and equilibrium point for known and unknown system and establish a relationship between these dynamical systems and the RBF response. On the basis of several examples, the results indicating the effectiveness of this approach are demonstrated.
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    An Improved Interpolating Element-Free Galerkin Method Based on Nonsingular Weight Functions (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-03
    Description: Based on the moving least-squares (MLS) approximation, an improved interpolating moving least-squares (IIMLS) method based on nonsingular weight functions is presented in this paper. Then combining the IIMLS method and the Galerkin weak form, an improved interpolating element-free Galerkin (IIEFG) method is presented for two-dimensional potential problems. In the IIMLS method, the shape function of the IIMLS method satisfies the property of Kronecker function, and there is no difficulty caused by singularity of the weight function. Then in the IIEFG method presented in this paper, the essential boundary conditions are applied naturally and directly. Moreover, the number of unknown coefficients in the trial function of the IIMLS method is less than that of the MLS approximation; then under the same node distribution, the IIEFG method has higher computational precision than element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and interpolating element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method. Four selected numerical examples are presented to show the advantages of the IIMLS and IIEFG methods.
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    Robust Decentralized Adaptive Neural Control for a Class of Nonaffine Nonlinear Large-Scale Systems with Unknown Dead Zones (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: The problem of robust decentralized adaptive neural stabilization control is investigated for a class of nonaffine nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems with unknown dead zones. In the controller design procedure, radical basis function (RBF) neural networks are applied to approximate packaged unknown nonlinearities and then an adaptive neural decentralized controller is systematically derived without requiring any information on the boundedness of dead zone parameters (slopes and break points). It is proven that the developed control scheme can ensure that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded in the sense of mean square. Simulation study is provided to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.
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    Robust Filtering for Networked Control Systems with Random Sensor Delay (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: The robust filtering problem for a class of network-based systems with random sensor delay is investigated. The sensor delay is supposed to be a stochastic variable satisfying Bernoulli binary distribution. Using the Lyapunov function and Wirtinger’s inequality approach, the sufficient conditions are derived to ensure that the filtering error systems are exponentially stable with a prescribed disturbance attenuation level and the filter design method is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.
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    Dynamic Nonlinear Pricing Model Based on Adaptive and Sophisticated Learning (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: Existing dynamic pricing models which take consumers’ learning behavior into account generally assume that consumers learn on the basis of reinforcement learning and belief-based learning. Nevertheless, abundant empirical evidence of behavior game indicates that consumers’ learning is normally described as a process of mixed learning. Particularly, for experience goods, a consumer’s purchase decision is not only based on his previous purchase behavior (adaptive learning), but also affected by that of other consumers (sophisticated learning). With the assumption that consumers are both adaptive and sophisticated learners, we study a dynamic pricing model dealing with repeated decision problems in a duopoly market. Specifically, we build a dynamic game model based on sophisticated experience-weighted attraction learning model (SEWA) and analyze the existence of the equilibrium. Finally, we show the characteristics and differences of the steady-state solutions between models considering adaptive consumers and models considering sophistical consumers by numerical results.
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    Peristaltic Flow of a Nanofluid under the Effect of Hall Current and Porous Medium (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: The problem of peristaltic flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting nanofluid in a vertical asymmetric channel through a porous medium is investigated by taking the Hall effects into account. The governing equations are formulated and simplified under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The solutions for temperature and nanoparticle profiles are obtained by using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and closed form solutions for stream function and pressure gradient are developed. Finally, the effects of various emerging parameters on the physical quantities of interest are plotted and discussed.
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