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  • Articles  (281)
  • Elsevier  (281)
  • Trends in Biotechnology  (281)
  • 3780
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (281)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
  • 1
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    High-Throughput Screening Technology in Industrial Biotechnology (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Weizhu Zeng, Likun Guo, Sha Xu, Jian Chen, Jingwen Zhou〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Based on the development of automatic devices and rapid assay methods, various high-throughput screening (HTS) strategies have been established for improving the performance of industrial microorganisms. We discuss the most significant factors that can improve HTS efficiency, including the construction of screening libraries with high diversity and the use of new detection methods to expand the search range and highlight target compounds. We also summarize applications of HTS for enhancing the performance of industrial microorganisms. Current challenges and potential improvements to HTS in industrial biotechnology are discussed in the context of rapid developments in synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence. Rational integration will be an important driving force for constructing more efficient industrial microorganisms with wider applications in biotechnology.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 2
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    Synthetic Biochemistry: The Bio-inspired Cell-Free Approach to Commodity Chemical Production (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): James U. Bowie, Saken Sherkhanov, Tyler P. Korman, Meaghan A. Valliere, Paul H. Opgenorth, Hongjiang Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Metabolic engineering efforts that harness living organisms to produce natural products and other useful chemicals face inherent difficulties because the maintenance of life processes often runs counter to our desire to maximize important production metrics. These challenges are particularly problematic for commodity chemical manufacturing where cost is critical. A cell-free approach, where biochemical pathways are built by mixing desired enzyme activities outside of cells, can obviate problems associated with cell-based methods. Yet supplanting cell-based methods of chemical production will require the creation of self-sustaining, continuously operating systems where input biomass is converted into desired products at high yields, productivities, and titers. We call the field of designing and implementing reliable and efficient enzyme systems that replace cellular metabolism, synthetic biochemistry.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 3
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    Toward an Optimized Process for Clinical Manufacturing of CAR-Treg Cell Therapy (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 22 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Enrico Fritsche, Hans-Dieter Volk, Petra Reinke, Mohamed Abou-El-Enein〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology and its application to regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been hailed as the next scientific breakthrough in the field of cell and gene therapy. Merging the benefits of CAR technology with Tregs offers a novel and promising therapeutic option for durable reshaping of undesired immune responses following solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as in immune-related disorders. However, major challenges remain for developing a standardized, robust, and reliable good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing process for CAR-Treg cells. We review current progress in the field and recommend ways to improve current CAR-Treg manufacturing processes based on lessons learned from first-generation Treg therapeutics as well as from anticancer CAR-T cell development.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 4
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    Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dean Ho, Stephen R. Quake, Edward R.B. McCabe, Wee Joo Chng, Edward K. Chow, Xianting Ding, Bruce D. Gelb, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Jason Hassenstab, Chih-Ming Ho, William C. Mobley, Garry P. Nolan, Steven T. Rosen, Patrick Tan, Yun Yen, Ali Zarrinpar〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Individualizing patient treatment is a core objective of the medical field. Reaching this objective has been elusive owing to the complex set of factors contributing to both disease and health; many factors, from genes to proteins, remain unknown in their role in human physiology. Accurately diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disorders requires advances in biomarker discovery, the subsequent development of accurate signatures that correspond with dynamic disease states, as well as therapeutic interventions that can be continuously optimized and modulated for dose and drug selection. This work highlights key breakthroughs in the development of enabling technologies that further the goal of personalized and precision medicine, and remaining challenges that, when addressed, may forge unprecedented capabilities in realizing truly individualized patient care.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 5
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    Phaeodactylum tricornutum: A Diatom Cell Factory (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Thomas Butler, Rahul Vijay Kapoore, Seetharaman Vaidyanathan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉A switch from a petroleum-based to a biobased economy requires the capacity to produce both high-value low-volume and low-value high-volume products. Recent evidence supports the development of microalgae-based microbial cell factories with the objective of establishing environmentally sustainable manufacturing solutions. Diatoms display rich diversity and potential in this regard. We focus on 〈em〉Phaeodactylum tricornutum〈/em〉, a pennate diatom that is commonly found in marine ecosystems, and discuss recent trends in developing the diatom chassis for the production of a suite of natural and genetically engineered products. Both upstream and downstream developments are reviewed for the commercial development of 〈em〉P. tricornutum〈/em〉 as a cell factory for a spectrum of marketable products.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 6
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    Controlling Voltage Reversal in Microbial Fuel Cells (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bongkyu Kim, S. Venkata Mohan, Deby Fapyane, In Seop Chang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems have been developed for potential use as power sources, along with several other applications, with bacteria as the prime factor enabling electrocatalytic activity. Limited voltage and current production from unit cells limit their practical applicability, so stacking multiple MFCs has been proposed as a way to increase power production. Special attention is paid to voltage reversal (VR), a common occurrence in stacked MFCs, and to identifying the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We also proposed realistic perspectives on stacked MFCs in an effort to control and suppress VR by balancing the kinetics in the system, such as using enriched electroactive microorganisms or altering the circuitry mode.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 7
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    Stacked Bt Proteins Pose No New Risks to Nontarget Arthropods (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jörg Romeis, Michael Meissle〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Concerns have been raised that multiple insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered (GE) crops may interact unexpectedly and pose new threats to biodiversity and nontarget organisms. We reviewed the literature to assess whether this concern is justified and whether the current regulatory framework needs to be adapted to address this concern.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 8
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    Subscription and Copyright information (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 38, Issue 2〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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  • 9
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    3D Printing in Suspension Baths: Keeping the Promises of Bioprinting Afloat (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Andrew McCormack, Christopher B. Highley, Nicholas R. Leslie, Ferry P.W. Melchels〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Extrusion-based 3D printers have been adopted in pursuit of engineering functional tissues through 3D bioprinting. However, we are still a long way from the promise of fabricating constructs approaching the complexity and function of native tissues. A major challenge is presented by the competing requirements of biomimicry and manufacturability. This opinion article discusses 3D printing in suspension baths as a novel strategy capable of disrupting the current bioprinting landscape. Suspension baths provide a semisolid medium to print into, voiding many of the inherent flaws of printing onto a flat surface in air. We review the state-of-the-art of this approach and extrapolate toward future possibilities that this technology might bring, including the fabrication of vascularized tissue constructs.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 10
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    Bacterial Inclusion Bodies: A Treasure Trove of Bioactive Proteins (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Priyank Singhvi, Ankit Saneja, Sudeepa Srichandan, Amulya K. Panda〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Recombinant proteins expressed as bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are now receiving tremendous attention for many diverse applications in the areas of industrial and medical biotechnology. Understanding the structure–function relationship of protein in IBs has recently created new possibilities in developing innovative isolation, solubilization, refolding, and purification processes for high-throughput recovery of bioactive protein from bacterial IBs. This opinion article describes the advantages, disadvantages, and major challenges presently associated with each of the processing steps. Finally, we conclude with the possible solutions for each operational step and the future direction of the basic and translational research to achieve maximum benefit from IB aggregates.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 11
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    Gelatin Matrices for Growth Factor Sequestration (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Taneidra Buie, Joshua McCune, Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Gelatin is used in a broad range of tissue engineering applications because of its bioactivity, mild processing conditions, and ease of modification, which have increased interest in its use as a growth factor delivery vehicle. Traditional methods to control growth factor sequestration and delivery have relied on controlling hydrogel mesh size via chemical crosslinking with corollary changes to the physical properties of the hydrogel. To decouple growth factor release from scaffold properties, affinity sequestration modalities have been developed to preserve the bioactivity of the growth factor through interactions with the modified gelatin. This review provides a summary of these mechanisms, highlights current gelatin growth factor delivery systems, and addresses the future perspective of gelatin matrices for growth factor delivery in tissue engineering.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 12
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    Protein Engineering for Improving and Diversifying Natural Product Biosynthesis (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chenyi Li, Ruihua Zhang, Jian Wang, Lauren Marie Wilson, Yajun Yan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Proteins found in nature have traditionally been the most frequently used biocatalysts to produce numerous natural products ranging from commodity chemicals to pharmaceuticals. Protein engineering has emerged as a powerful biotechnological toolbox in the development of metabolic engineering, particularly for the biosynthesis of natural products. Recently, protein engineering has become a favored method to improve enzymatic activity, increase enzyme stability, and expand product spectra in natural product biosynthesis. This review summarizes recent advances and typical strategies in protein engineering, highlighting the paramount role of protein engineering in improving and diversifying the biosynthesis of natural products. Future prospects and research directions are also discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 13
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    The Pathway Less Traveled: Engineering Biosynthesis of Nonstandard Functional Groups (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Morgan Sulzbach, Aditya M. Kunjapur〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The field of metabolic engineering has achieved biochemical routes for conversion of renewable inputs to structurally diverse chemicals, but these products contain a limited number of chemical functional groups. In this review, we provide an overview of the progression of uncommon or ‘nonstandard’ functional groups from the elucidation of their biosynthetic machinery to the pathway optimization framework of metabolic engineering. We highlight exemplary efforts from primarily the last 5 years for biosynthesis of aldehyde, ester, terminal alkyne, terminal alkene, fluoro, epoxide, nitro, nitroso, nitrile, and hydrazine functional groups. These representative nonstandard functional groups vary in development stage and showcase the pipeline of chemical diversity that could soon appear within customized, biologically produced molecules.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 14
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    Editorial Board and Contents (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 38, Issue 2〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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  • 15
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    Recombineering for Genetic Engineering of Natural Product Biosynthetic Pathways (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Nazeer Abbasi, Jun Fu, Xiaoying Bian, Hailong Wang, Youming Zhang, Aiying Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Microbial genomes encode many cryptic and uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Exploiting this unexplored genetic wealth to discover microbial novel natural products (NPs) remains a challenging issue. We review homologous recombination (HR)-based recombineering, mediated by the recombinases RecE/RecT from Rac prophage and Redα/Redβ from lambda phage, which has developed into a highly inclusive tool for direct cloning of large DNA up to 100 kb, seamless mutation, multifragment assembly, and heterologous expression of microbial NP BGCs. Its utilization in the refactoring, engineering, and functional expression of long BGCs for NP biosynthesis makes it easy to elucidate NP-producing potential in microbes. This review also highlights various applications of recombineering in NP-derived drug discovery.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 16
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    Toward Sustainable Hydroxymethylfurfural Production Using Seaweeds (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 26 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jae Bok Heo, Yong-Suk Lee, Chung-Han Chung〈/p〉
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  • 17
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    Engineering Microphysiological Immune System Responses on Chips (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 18 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chris P. Miller, Woojung Shin, Eun Hyun Ahn, Hyun Jung Kim, Deok-Ho Kim〈/p〉
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  • 18
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    Editorial Board and Contents (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 38, Issue 3〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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  • 19
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    Options to Reform the European Union Legislation on GMOs: Post-authorization and Beyond (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dennis Eriksson, René Custers, Karin Edvardsson Björnberg, Sven Ove Hansson, Kai Purnhagen, Matin Qaim, Jörg Romeis, Joachim Schiemann, Stephan Schleissing, Jale Tosun, Richard G.F. Visser〈/p〉
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  • 20
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    Options to Reform the European Union Legislation on GMOs: Risk Governance (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dennis Eriksson, René Custers, Karin Edvardsson Björnberg, Sven Ove Hansson, Kai Purnhagen, Matin Qaim, Jörg Romeis, Joachim Schiemann, Stephan Schleissing, Jale Tosun, Richard G.F. Visser〈/p〉
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  • 21
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    Bringing Microscopy-By-Sequencing into View: (Trends in Biotechnology 38, 154–162, 2020) (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 11 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexander A. Boulgakov, Andrew D. Ellington, Edward M. Marcotte〈/p〉
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  • 22
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    Geneva Statement on Heritable Human Genome Editing: The Need for Course Correction (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 31 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Roberto Andorno, Françoise Baylis, Marcy Darnovsky, Donna Dickenson, Hille Haker, Katie Hasson, Leah Lowthorp, George J. Annas, Catherine Bourgain, Katherine Drabiak, Sigrid Graumann, Katrin Grüber, Matthias Kaiser, David King, Regine Kollek, Calum MacKellar, Jing-Bao Nie, Osagie K. Obasogie, Mirriam Tyebally Fang, Gabriele Werner-Felmayer〈/p〉
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  • 23
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    Synthetic Rewiring of Plant CO2 Sequestration Galvanizes Plant Biomass Production (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 17 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Naseem, Özge Osmanoglu, Thomas Dandekar〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Synthetically designed alternative photorespiratory pathways in tobacco and rice plants have paved the way to enhanced plant biomass production. Likewise, some 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉- and 〈em〉in vivo〈/em〉-tested carbon-concentrating cycles hold promise to increase plant biomass. We hypothesize a further increase in plant productivity if photorespiratory bypasses are integrated with carbon-concentrating cycles in plants.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 24
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    Bioengineered 3D Models to Recapitulate Tissue Fibrosis (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marta Sacchi, Ruchi Bansal, Jeroen Rouwkema〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Fibrosis, characterized by progressive tissue stiffening resulting in organ failure, is a growing health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, therapeutic options for tissue fibrosis are severely limited and organ transplantation is the only effective treatment for the end-stage fibrotic diseases with inherent limitations. Recent advancements in engineered 3D 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 human disease mimic models, recapitulating the tissue pathophysiology, have provided unique state-of-the-art platforms for: (i) understanding the biological mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis; and (ii) high-throughput and reproducible drug screening. This review focuses on the recent multidisciplinary developments made towards advanced 3D biomimetic fibrotic tissue (liver, kidney, and lung) models that combine highly precision manufacturing techniques with high cellular functionality and biophysical (mechanical) properties.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Synthetic Methylotrophy: A Practical Solution for Methanol-Based Biomanufacturing (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 10 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yu Wang, Liwen Fan, Philibert Tuyishime, Ping Zheng, Jibin Sun〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The increasing availability and affordability of natural gas has renewed interest in using methanol for bioproduction of useful chemicals. Engineering synthetic methylotrophy based on natural or artificial methanol assimilation pathways and genetically tractable platform microorganisms for methanol-based biomanufacturing is drawing particular attention. Recently, intensive efforts have been devoted to demonstrating the feasibility and improving the efficiency of synthetic methylotrophy. Various fuel, bulk, and fine chemicals have been synthesized using methanol as a feedstock. However, fully synthetic methylotrophs utilizing methanol as the sole carbon source and commercially viable bioproduction from methanol remain to be developed. Here, we review ongoing efforts to identify limiting factors, optimize synthetic methylotrophs, and implement methanol-based biomanufacturing. Future challenges and prospects are also discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Bioelectrofuel Synthesis by Nanoenzymes: Novel Alternatives to Conventional Enzymes (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 10 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lakhveer Singh, Supriyanka Rana, Sveta Thakur, Deepak Pant〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Recent bioinspired efforts of designing novel nanoenzyme-based electrocatalysts are driven by the urgency of making bioelectrofuels more affordable and efficient. Unlike natural enzymes, nanoenzyme-modified electrodes with large surface areas enclose numerous biomimicking active sites to facilitate enhanced microbial growth followed by increased reactant-to-bioelectrofuel conversion.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Intravesical Hydrogels as Drug Reservoirs (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 8 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Heping Qiu, Hui Guo, Di Li, Yuchuan Hou, Tairong Kuang, Jianxun Ding〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The complex environment in the bladder weakens the efficacy of intravesical therapy. Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems are poised to revolutionize the delivery of therapeutic agents to bladder lesion sites. This forum article highlights the prospective applications of hydrogels as drug reservoirs in treating chronic bladder diseases.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Natural Product Biosynthesis (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 7 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dongsoo Yang, Seon Young Park, Yae Seul Park, Hyunmin Eun, Sang Yup Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Natural products are widely employed in our daily lives as food additives, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic ingredients, among others. However, their supply has often been limited because of low-yield extraction from natural resources such as plants. To overcome this problem, metabolically engineered 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 has emerged as a cell factory for natural product biosynthesis because of many advantages including the availability of well-established tools and strategies for metabolic engineering and high cell density culture, in addition to its high growth rate. We review state-of-the-art metabolic engineering strategies for enhanced production of natural products in 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉, together with representative examples. Future challenges and prospects of natural product biosynthesis by engineered 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 are also discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Developing a Computational Framework To Advance Bioprocess Scale-Up (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 25 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guan Wang, Cees Haringa, Henk Noorman, Ju Chu, Yingping Zhuang〈/p〉
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    Intraoperative Bioprinting: Repairing Tissues and Organs in a Surgical Setting (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yang Wu, Dino J. Ravnic, Ibrahim T. Ozbolat〈/p〉
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    Microbial Coculture for Flavonoid Synthesis (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 22 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peng Xu, Monireh Marsafari, Jian Zha, Mattheos Koffas〈/p〉
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    Options to Reform the European Union Legislation on GMOs: Scope and Definitions (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 38, Issue 3〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dennis Eriksson, René Custers, Karin Edvardsson Björnberg, Sven Ove Hansson, Kai Purnhagen, Matin Qaim, Jörg Romeis, Joachim Schiemann, Stephan Schleissing, Jale Tosun, Richard G.F. Visser〈/p〉
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    Ultrafast Photonic PCR Based on Photothermal Nanomaterials (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 6 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Minli You, Zedong Li, Shangsheng Feng, Bin Gao, Chunyan Yao, Jie Hu, Feng Xu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Over the past few decades, PCR has been the gold standard for detecting nucleic acids (NAs) in various biomedical fields. However, there are several limitations associated with conventional PCR, such as complicated operation, need for bulky equipment, and, in particular, long thermocycling time. Emerging nanomaterials with photothermal effects have shown great potential for developing a new generation of PCR: ultrafast photonic PCR. Here, we review recent applications of photothermal nanomaterials in ultrafast photonic PCR. First, we introduce emerging photothermal nanomaterials and their light-to-heat energy conversion process in photonic PCR. We then review different photothermal nanomaterial-based photonic PCRs and compare their merits and drawbacks. Finally, we summarize existing challenges with photonic PCR and hypothesize its promising future research directions.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Importance of Effective Regulation for the Chinese Genetic Testing Industry (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 22 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaoqin Liu, Linzhe Jiang, Hongyan Wang, Chunyang Jiang〈/p〉
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    Subscription and Copyright information (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 38, Issue 3〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis (2020)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 February 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xianhao Xu, Yanfeng Liu, Guocheng Du, Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro, Long Liu〈/p〉
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    Subscription and Copyright Information (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Designing Eukaryotic Gene Expression Regulation Using Machine Learning (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 17 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ronald P.H. de Jongh, Aalt D.J. van Dijk, Mattijs K. Julsing, Peter J. Schaap, Dick de Ridder〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Controlling the expression of genes is one of the key challenges of synthetic biology. Until recently fine-tuned control has been out of reach, particularly in eukaryotes owing to their complexity of gene regulation. With advances in machine learning (ML) and in particular with increasing dataset sizes, models predicting gene expression levels from regulatory sequences can now be successfully constructed. Such models form the cornerstone of algorithms that allow users to design regulatory regions to achieve a specific gene expression level. In this review we discuss strategies for data collection, data encoding, ML practices, design algorithm choices, and finally model interpretation. Ultimately, these developments will provide synthetic biologists with highly specific genetic building blocks to rationally engineer complex pathways and circuits.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Industrial Biotechnology: To What Extent Is Responsible Innovation on the Agenda? (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 6 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Achim Rosemann, Susan Molyneux-Hodgson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The UK Industrial Biotechnology (IB) Strategy presents a consistent plan to develop the IB sector but fails to endorse an innovation process that allows for input from multiple publics. This could be disadvantageous for the bioeconomy: there are notable cases where negligence to address societal dimensions has caused innovation failure.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Detecting Harmful Algal Blooms with Isothermal Molecular Strategies (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 6 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anna Toldrà, Ciara K. O’Sullivan, Mònica Campàs〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The use of isothermal nucleic acid amplification strategies to detect harmful algal blooms (HABs) is in its infancy. We describe recent advances in these systems and highlight the challenges for the achievement of simple, low-cost, compact, and portable devices for field applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Using Remote Fields for Complex Tissue Engineering (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): James P.K. Armstrong, Molly M. Stevens〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Great strides have been taken towards the 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 engineering of clinically relevant tissue constructs using the classic triad of cells, materials, and biochemical factors. In this perspective, we highlight ways in which these elements can be manipulated or stimulated using a fourth component: the application of remote fields. This arena has gained great momentum over the last few years, with a recent surge of interest in using magnetic, optical, and acoustic fields to guide the organization of cells, materials, and biochemical factors. We summarize recent developments and trends in this arena and then lay out a series of challenges that we believe, if met, could enable the widespread adoption of remote fields in mainstream tissue engineering.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Editors, Contents, Cover details (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Resources to Discover and Use Short Linear Motifs in Viral Proteins (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peter Hraber, Paul E. O’Maille, Andrew Silberfarb, Katie Davis-Anderson, Nicholas Generous, Benjamin H. McMahon, Jeanne M. Fair〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Viral proteins evade host immune function by molecular mimicry, often achieved by short linear motifs (SLiMs) of three to ten consecutive amino acids (AAs). Motif mimicry tolerates mutations, evolves quickly to modify interactions with the host, and enables modular interactions with protein complexes. Host cells cannot easily coordinate changes to conserved motif recognition and binding interfaces under selective pressure to maintain critical signaling pathways. SLiMs offer potential for use in synthetic biology, such as better immunogens and therapies, but may also present biosecurity challenges. We survey viral uses of SLiMs to mimic host proteins, and information resources available for motif discovery. As the number of examples continues to grow, knowledge management tools are essential to help organize and compare new findings.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Modular Metabolic Engineering for Biobased Chemical Production (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 2〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongyuan Lu, Juan C. Villada, Patrick K.H. Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microorganisms can manufacture a wide range of biobased chemicals that are useful for diverse industrial applications. However, the overexpression of heterologous enzymes in recombinant strains often leads to metabolic imbalance, resulting in growth retardation and suboptimal production of the target compounds. Here we discuss the recent development of modular metabolic engineering approaches that enable the global fine-tuning of engineered pathways by modularizing the synthetic pathway in single or multiple hosts. In particular, we highlight applications with microbial consortia. To build a vibrant biobased economy, multivariate modular metabolic engineering (MMME), modular coculture engineering (MCE), and spatiotemporal and integrative genome-scale metabolic modeling can be exploited to expedite strain optimization and improve the production of a broad variety of high-value biobased chemicals.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Getting an Imported GM Crop Approved in China (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yan Jin, Dušan Drabik, Nico Heerink, Justus Wesseler〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉What are the procedures and trends for obtaining approval for imported genetically modified (GM) crops in China, and how do approval dates and length of approval in China compare with those in other countries? The answers are crucial for current food security in China and the future of crops derived by gene editing.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Sustainable Bioprospecting of Electronic Waste (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Abhishek Kumar Awasthi, Jinhui Li〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Global electronic waste management is emerging as a critical issue, especially in developing countries. Collective societal effort and scientific innovation are required along with interdisciplinary approaches to the development of sustainable technologies for recycling precious metals. Bioprospecting of electronic waste is a promising approach to provide economic, environmental, and public health benefits.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Extracellular Microvesicles as New Industrial Therapeutic Frontiers (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vivek Agrahari, Vibhuti Agrahari, Pierre-Alain Burnouf, Chee Ho Chew, Thierry Burnouf〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microvesicles (MVs) are subcellular physiological vehicles present in all body fluids that mediate the transfer of intercellular information within biological systems and contribute to healthy conditions. MVs have lipid bilayer membranes decorated with multiple ligands that can interact with receptors on target cells, rendering them as promising candidates for targeted delivery. The biotechnology and cell therapy industries are developing MV-based preparations that use this subcellular therapeutic machinery (in a naïve or modified state) for regenerative medicine, as substitutes for intact cell therapy, and as intelligent targeted drug delivery carriers. However, significant production challenges must be overcome before MVs scale-up development, clinical translation, and routine therapeutic application can be realized. The unique expertise developed in the biotechnology industry should facilitate market access to MV-based therapeutics. In this review, the roles of biotechnology and cell therapy industries to manufacture MVs as inherent therapeutic agents or drug delivery systems are summarized. The manufacturing, development, characterization, and regulatory challenges for successful translation are discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Predicting CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Mutations for Precise Genome Editing (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kutubuddin A. Molla, Yinong Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉SpCas9 creates blunt end cuts in the genome and generates random and unpredictable mutations through error-prone repair systems. However, a growing body of recent evidence points instead to Cas9-induced staggered end generation, nonrandomness of mutations, and the predictability of editing outcomes using machine learning models.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Editorial Bioard (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 10〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Subscription and Copyright information (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 10〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Contemporary Tools for Regulating Gene Expression in Bacteria (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ross Kent, Neil Dixon〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Insights from novel mechanistic paradigms in gene expression control have led to the development of new gene expression systems for bioproduction, control, and sensing applications. Coupled with a greater understanding of synthetic burden and modern creative biodesign approaches, contemporary bacterial gene expression tools and systems are emerging that permit fine-tuning of expression, enabling greater predictability and maximisation of specific productivity, while minimising deleterious effects upon cell viability. These advances have been achieved by using a plethora of regulatory tools, operating at all levels of the so-called ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology. In this review, we discuss these gene regulation tools in the context of their design, prototyping, integration into expression systems, and biotechnological application.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Industrial Enzymology: The Next Chapter (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Michael V. Arbige, Jay K. Shetty, Gopal K. Chotani〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉This review focuses on recent developments in industrial enzymology, protein engineering, and the design and production of microorganisms. We highlight the latest recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and tools of protein engineering. These advancements are delivering solutions that address the large unmet needs of customers and markets. To illustrate the progress made over the past three decades, several technological developments and applications are highlighted. High-throughput methods of cell and protein engineering have increased the pace of commercialization. Continuous innovations have impacted many areas of industrial biotechnology and its applications; for example, laundry and dish washing, textile processing, animal health, and human nutrition. The worldwide growth of this bioindustry reflects the potential of biotechnology, which in turn adds a new chapter to the field of industrial enzymology.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    In-Hospital Production of Medicines: Preparing for Disruption (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shona Kalkman, Marlous Arentshorst, Jarno Hoekman, Wouter Boon, Esther Uijtendaal, Ghislaine van Thiel, Ellen Moors〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉In-hospital production of affordable medicines holds potential to address problems of drug accessibility. However, expanding the scope of magistral preparation to include high-cost drugs and complex biologicals gives rise to new challenges. We discuss ethical and regulatory complexities faced by Dutch initiatives defying the current pharmaceutical system through magistral preparation.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Cell Recognition (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stanislav Piletsky, Francesco Canfarotta, Alessandro Poma, Alessandra Maria Bossi, Sergey Piletsky〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Since their conception 50 years ago, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have seen extensive development both in terms of synthetic routes and applications. Cells are perhaps the most challenging target for molecular imprinting. Although early work was based almost entirely around microprinting methods, recent developments have shifted towards epitope imprinting to generate MIP nanoparticles (NPs). Simultaneously, the development of techniques such as solid phase MIP synthesis has solved many historic issues of MIP production. This review briefly describes various approaches used in cell imprinting with a focus on applications of the created materials in imaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Strand Displacement Strategies for Biosensor Applications (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yifan Dai, Ariel Furst, Chung Chiun Liu〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉DNA has many unique properties beyond encoding genetic information, one of which is its physicochemical stability based on Watson–Crick base pairing. Differences in sequence complementarity between multiple DNA strands can lead to the strand displacement reaction (SDR). SDRs have been regularly applied in synthetic biology, drug delivery, and, importantly, biosensing. SDR-based biosensors have high controllability, high sensitivity, and low interference, and can be used for multiplexed detection. Such biosensors have been demonstrated to detect nearly every class of biomolecule. As the field continues to mature, such platforms can be used as an integral tool for the manipulation of biomolecular reactions, bringing biosensors one step closer to the ultimate goal of point-of-care systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Can We Predict Gene Expression by Understanding Proximal Promoter Architecture? (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Łukasz Huminiecki, Jarosław Horbańczuk〈/p〉
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    Biological Conversion of Amino Acids to Higher Alcohols (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 11 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marwa M. El-Dalatony, Shouvik Saha, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab, Byong-Hun Jeon〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉‘Higher’ alcohols, which contain more than two carbons, have a higher boiling point, higher cetane number, and higher energy density than ethanol. Blends of biodiesel and higher alcohols can be used in internal combustion engines as next-generation biofuels without any modification and are minimally corrosive over extensive use. Producing higher alcohols from biomass involves fermenting and metabolizing amino acids. In this review, we describe the pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in amino acid bioprocessing to produce higher alcohols and the effects of amino acid supplementation as a nitrogen source for higher alcohol production. We also discuss the most recent approaches to improve higher alcohol production via genetic engineering technologies for three microorganisms: 〈em〉Saccharomyces cerevisiae〈/em〉, 〈em〉Clostridium〈/em〉 spp., and 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Engineering Zymomonas mobilis for Robust Cellulosic Ethanol Production (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Juan Xia, Yongfu Yang, Chen-Guang Liu, Shihui Yang, Feng-Wu Bai〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Great effort has been devoted to engineering 〈em〉Saccharomyces cerevisiae〈/em〉 with pentose metabolism through the oxido-reductase pathway for cellulosic ethanol production, but intrinsic cofactor imbalance is observed, which substantially compromises ethanol yield. 〈em〉Zymomonas mobilis〈/em〉 not only can be engineered for pentose metabolism through the isomerase pathway without cofactor imbalance but also metabolizes sugar through the Entner–Doudoroff pathway with less ATP and biomass produced for more sugar to be used for ethanol production. Moreover, the availabilities of genome sequence information for multiple 〈em〉Z. mobilis〈/em〉 strains and advanced genetics tools have laid a solid foundation for engineering this species, and the self-flocculation of the bacterial cells also presents significant advantages for bioprocess engineering. Here, we highlight some of recent advances in these aspects.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Multifunctional Magnetic Gold Nanomaterials for Cancer (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pradip Das, Parisa Fatehbasharzad, Miriam Colombo, Luisa Fiandra, Davide Prosperi〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The integration of multiple imaging and therapeutic agents into a customizable nanoplatform for accurate identification and rapid prevention of cancer is attracting great attention. Among the available theranostic nanosystems, magnetic gold nanoparticles are particularly promising as they exhibit unique physicochemical properties that can support multiple functions, including cancer diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography, Raman and photoacoustic imaging, drug delivery, and plasmonic photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This review gives an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of multifunctional gold nanohybrids with magnetic and optical properties and their successful demonstration in multimodal imaging and therapy of cancer. Concerns around toxicity of these nanomaterials are also discussed in view of an imminent transition to clinical practice.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Market and Patent Analyses of Wearables in Medicine (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 6 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Julia E. Mück, Barış Ünal, Haider Butt, Ali K. Yetisen〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Wearable medical devices (WMDs) will advance point-of-care diagnostics and therapeutics. This article analyses the market and patents for wearable devices. Activity monitors have the largest market share, and the intellectual property landscape is dominated by electronics corporations. However, the majority of these patents have not been realized in commercial products.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Lignocellulosic Biorefineries in Europe: Current State and Prospects: (Trends in Biotechnology 37, 231–234, 2019) (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shady S. Hassan, Gwilym A. Williams, Amit K. Jaiswal〈/p〉
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    Newest Methods for Detecting Structural Variations (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wouter De Coster, Christine Van Broeckhoven〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉A substantial amount of structural variation in the human genome remains uninvestigated due to the limitations of existing technologies, the presence of repetitive sequences, and the complexity of a diploid genome. New technologies have been developed, increasing resolution and appreciation of structural variation and how it affects human diversity and disease. The genetic etiology of most patients with complex disorders such as neurodegenerative brain diseases is not yet elucidated, complicating disease diagnosis, genetic counseling, and understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms needed to develop therapeutic interventions. Here, we focus on innovative progress and opportunities provided by the newest methods such as linked read sequencing, strand-specific sequencing, and long-read sequencing. Finally, we describe a strategy for generating a comprehensive catalog of structural variations across populations.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Overlooked? Underestimated? Effects of Substrate Curvature on Cell Behavior (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Danielle Baptista, Liliana Teixeira, Clemens van Blitterswijk, Stefan Giselbrecht, Roman Truckenmüller〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉In biological systems, form and function are inherently correlated. Despite this strong interdependence, the biological effect of curvature has been largely overlooked or underestimated, and consequently it has rarely been considered in the design of new cell–material interfaces. This review summarizes current understanding of the interplay between the curvature of a cell substrate and the related morphological and functional cellular response. In this context, we also discuss what is currently known about how, in the process of such a response, cells recognize curvature and accordingly reshape their membrane. Beyond this, we highlight state-of-the-art microtechnologies for engineering curved biomaterials at cell-scale, and describe aspects that impair or improve readouts of the pure effect of curvature on cells.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Towards Self-Transfecting Nucleic Acid Nanostructures for Gene Regulation (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Saketh Gudipati, Ke Zhang, Jessica L. Rouge〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nanoscale structures of therapeutic nucleic acids have shown enormous potential to help clinicians realize the promise of personaliz ed medicine using gene-specific treatments. With the advent of better sequencing through bioinformatic approaches and advancements in nucleic acid stabilization chemistries, the field of synthetic nucleic acid nanomaterials has advanced tremendously. This review focuses on an emerging strategy geared at gene silencing without the use of traditional polycation-based transfection agents and discusses how such nanostructures are being chemically tailored to navigate biological systems to improve their circulation time and biodistribution. We also address important challenges moving forward, including quantification of delivery and the multiplexing of sequences for regulating gene networks – a goal well suited for this unique class of materials.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    New Horizons in Acetogenic Conversion of One-Carbon Substrates and Biological Hydrogen Storage (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Volker Müller〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Strictly anaerobic, acetogenic (acetate-forming) bacteria are characterized by a reductive pathway in which two mol of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 are reduced to one mol of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and then further to acetate, ethanol, or butyrate. Therefore, they have come into focus for an alternative, CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-based bioeconomy. Other one-carbon (C1) substrates, such as formic acid or methanol, are promising feedstocks for an alternative bioeconomy using acetogens as biocatalysts that have been somewhat overlooked. In addition, acetogens, such as 〈em〉Acetobacterium woodii〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Thermoanaerobacter kivui〈/em〉, have a unique enzyme system capable of reducing CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 to formate with H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as reductant that is superior over any chemical catalyst for CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-based hydrogen storage. Therefore, acetogens are also promising candidates in the hydrogen economy as potential catalysts for hydrogen storage or production.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Accelerating Climate Resilient Plant Breeding by Applying Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antoine L. Harfouche, Daniel A. Jacobson, David Kainer, Jonathon C. Romero, Antoine H. Harfouche, Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza, Menachem Moshelion, Gerald A. Tuskan, Joost J.B. Keurentjes, Arie Altman〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Breeding crops for high yield and superior adaptability to new and variable climates is imperative to ensure continued food security, biomass production, and ecosystem services. Advances in genomics and phenomics are delivering insights into the complex biological mechanisms that underlie plant functions in response to environmental perturbations. However, linking genotype to phenotype remains a huge challenge and is hampering the optimal application of high-throughput genomics and phenomics to advanced breeding. Critical to success is the need to assimilate large amounts of data into biologically meaningful interpretations. Here, we present the current state of genomics and field phenomics, explore emerging approaches and challenges for multiomics big data integration by means of next-generation (Next-Gen) artificial intelligence (AI), and propose a workable path to improvement.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Policy Considerations Regarding Genome Editing (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Steffi Friedrichs, Yoko Takasu, Peter Kearns, Bertrand Dagallier, Ryudai Oshima, Janet Schofield, Catherine Moreddu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The international Organisation for Economic and Co-operative Development (OECD) conference on genome editing (June 2018) provided a timely platform for scientists, risk assessors, policy-makers, and regulators to discuss the applications and implications of this technology in various agriculture areas and the related policy considerations; in addition questions related to appropriate safety assessments and the regulation of genome-edited products were debated.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Risk-Based Bioengineering Strategies for Reliable Bacterial Vaccine Production (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tjerko Kamminga, Simen-Jan Slagman, Vitor A.P. Martins dos Santos, Jetta J.E. Bijlsma, Peter J. Schaap〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Design of a reliable process for bacterial antigen production requires understanding of and control over critical process parameters. Current methods for process design use extensive screening experiments for determining ranges of critical process parameters yet fail to give clear insights into how they influence antigen potency. To address this gap, we propose to apply constraint-based, genome-scale metabolic models to reduce the need of experimental screening for strain selection and to optimize strains based on model driven iterative Design–Build–Test–Learn (DBTL) cycles. Application of these systematic methods has not only increased the understanding of how metabolic network properties influence antigen potency, but also allows identification of novel critical process parameters that need to be controlled to achieve high process reliability.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Bioprocessing Butanol into More Valuable Butyl Butyrate (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fengxue Xin, Wenming Zhang, Min Jiang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The toxicity of butanol to microbial cells makes it difficult to scale-up the acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation process. Bioconversion of butanol into more valuable and nontoxic short-chain esters, such as butyl butyrate which is widely used in the food, beverage, and biofuel sectors, offers a promising alternative.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Targeting Plant ssDNA Viruses with Engineered Miniature CRISPR-Cas14a (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 22 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Zuhaib Khan, Sibtain Haider, Shahid Mansoor, Imran Amin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉CRISPR-Cas14a is a highly compact protein with great potential to be used as a guided genome editing tool for single-stranded (ss) DNA cleavage. Recently isolated from noncultured archaea, its unrestricted and sequence-independent cleavage makes it an ideal tool for engineering resistance against economically important plant ssDNA viruses.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Pick a Tag and Explore the Functions of Your Pet Protein (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Giel Vandemoortele, Sven Eyckerman, Kris Gevaert〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Protein tags have been essential for advancing our knowledge of the function of proteins, their localization, and the mapping of their interaction partners. Expressing epitope-tagged proteins has become a standard practice in every life science laboratory and, thus, continues to enable new studies. In recent years, several new tagging moieties have entered the limelight, many of them bringing new functionalities, such as targeted protein degradation, accurate quantification, and proximity labeling. Other novel tags aim at tackling research questions in challenging niches. In this review, we elaborate on recently introduced tags and the opportunities they provide for future research endeavors. In addition, we highlight how the genome-engineering revolution may boost the field of protein tags.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Anticancer Activities of Tumor-killing Nanorobots (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Suping Li, Qiao Jiang, Baoquan Ding, Guangjun Nie〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Pharmaceutical uses of cancer therapeutics, such as intravenous thrombin to elicit blood coagulation, have been hampered by lack of tumor specificity. Based on rapid progress in DNA origami-based machines capable of transporting molecular payloads, DNA nanorobots have been constructed to specifically deliver therapeutic agents into tumor vessels.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Safety Assessment of Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions to Novel Food Proteins (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 17 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antonio Fernandez, E.N. Clare Mills, Frits Koning, F. Javier Moreno〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Current international guidelines for the risk assessment of biotechnology-derived foods date back to 2003. We present new strategies and directions for assessing immune adverse reactions to novel food proteins. Understanding genetic factors involved in food allergy and the role of the gastrointestinal tract will streamline risk assessment strategies.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Mitigating Clonal Variation in Recombinant Mammalian Cell Lines (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 18 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jae Seong Lee, Helene Faustrup Kildegaard, Nathan E. Lewis, Gyun Min Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Mammalian expression platforms are primary production systems for therapeutic proteins that require complex post-translational modifications. Current processes used for developing recombinant mammalian cell lines generate clonal cell lines with high phenotypic heterogeneity, which has puzzled researchers that use mammalian cell culture systems for a long time. Advances in mammalian genome-editing technologies and systems biotechnology have shed light on clonal variation and enabled rational cell engineering in a targeted manner. We propose a new approach for a next-generation cell line development platform that can minimize clonal variation. Combined with the knowledge-based selection of ideal integration sites and engineering targets, targeted integration-based cell line development will allow tailored control of recombinant gene expression with predicted phenotypes.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Microparticles in Contact with Cells: From Carriers to Multifunctional Tissue Modulators (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mafalda D. Neto, Mariana B. Oliveira, João F. Mano〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉For several decades microparticles have been exclusively and extensively explored as spherical drug delivery vehicles and large-scale cell expansion carriers. More recently, microparticulate structures gained interest in broader bioengineering fields, integrating myriad strategies that include bottom-up tissue engineering, 3D bioprinting, and the development of tissue/disease models. The concept of bulk spherical micrometric particles as adequate supports for cell cultivation has been challenged, and systems with finely tuned geometric designs and (bio)chemical/physical features are current key players in impacting technologies. Herein, we critically review the state of the art and future trends of biomaterial microparticles in contact with cells and tissues, excluding internalization studies, and with emphasis on innovative particle design and applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Inter Partes Review: Patent Killer No More? (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Feng-Chi Chen, Pin-Shen Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Inter Partes〈/em〉 review (IPR) can efficiently invalidate drug patents and potentially convey strategic advantages to follow-on drug makers. However, recent changes in the IPR system foretell a tectonic shift in the landscape. Here we summarize these major changes and discuss the implications for the biopharmaceutical community.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Editors, Contents, Cover details (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 4〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    A Physiology-Inspired Multifactorial Toolbox in Soft-to-Hard Musculoskeletal Interface Tissue Engineering (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Isabel Calejo, Raquel Costa-Almeida, Rui L. Reis, Manuela E. Gomes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Musculoskeletal diseases are increasing the prevalence of physical disability worldwide. Within the body, musculoskeletal soft and hard tissues integrate through specific multitissue transitions, allowing for body movements. Owing to their unique compositional and structural gradients, injuries challenge the native interfaces and tissue regeneration is unlikely to occur. Tissue engineering strategies are emerging to emulate the physiological environment of soft-to-hard tissue interfaces. Advances in biomaterial design enable control over biophysical parameters, but biomaterials alone are not sufficient to provide adequate support and guide transplanted cells. Therefore, biological, biophysical, and biochemical tools can be integrated into a multifactorial toolbox, steering prospective advances toward engineering clinically relevant soft-to-hard tissue interfaces.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    The Regulation of Wearable Medical Devices (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nan Jiang, Julia E. Mück, Ali K. Yetisen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉This article provides a guideline for the design, manufacture, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance (PMS) of wearable medical devices (WMDs). The integration of regulatory considerations can accelerate wearable device (WD) development from laboratory to market while mitigating device failure risks. The implementation of stringent clinical evaluations will transcend WDs beyond consumer products.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Hands-On Introduction to Synthetic Biology for Security Professionals (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Neil R. Adames, Jenna E. Gallegos, Sonia Y. Hunt, William K. So, Jean Peccoud〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The rapid pace of life sciences innovations and a growing list of nontraditional actors engaging in biological research make it challenging to develop appropriate policies to protect sensitive infrastructures. To address this challenge, we developed a five-day awareness program for security professionals, including laboratory work, site visits, and lectures.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Reinventing the Wheel: Synthetic Circular RNAs for Mammalian Cell Engineering (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alan Costello, Nga T. Lao, Niall Barron, Martin Clynes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The circular RNA renaissance is upon us. Recent reports demonstrate applications of synthetic circular RNA molecules as gene therapies and in the production of biologics from cell-based expression systems. Circular RNAs are covalently closed loop RNA species that are formed naturally through noncolinear splicing of pre-mRNA. Although once thought to be noncoding artefacts from splicing errors, it is now accepted that circular RNAs are abundant and have diverse functions in gene regulation and protein coding in eukaryotes. Numerous reports have investigated circular RNAs in various diseases, but the promise of synthetic circular RNAs in the production of recombinant proteins and as RNA-based therapies is only now coming into focus. This review highlights reported uses of synthetic circular RNAs and describes methods for generating these molecules.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Bringing Microscopy-By-Sequencing into View (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexander A. Boulgakov, Andrew D. Ellington, Edward M. Marcotte〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The spatial distribution of molecules and cells is fundamental to understanding biological systems. Traditionally, microscopies based on electromagnetic waves such as visible light have been used to localize cellular components by direct visualization. However, these techniques suffer from limitations of transmissibility and throughput. Complementary to optical approaches, biochemical techniques such as crosslinking can colocalize molecules without suffering the same limitations. However, biochemical approaches are often unable to combine individual colocalizations into a map across entire cells or tissues. Microscopy-by-sequencing techniques aim to biochemically colocalize DNA-barcoded molecules and, by tracking their thus unique identities, reconcile all colocalizations into a global spatial map. Here, we review this new field and discuss its enormous potential to answer a broad spectrum of questions.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Production and Quality Requirements of Human Platelet Lysate: A Position Statement from the Working Party on Cellular Therapies of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 17 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Katharina Schallmoser, Reinhard Henschler, Christian Gabriel, Mickey B.C. Koh, Thierry Burnouf〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Human platelet lysate (HPL), rich in growth factors, is an efficient alternative supplement to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 〈em〉ex vivo〈/em〉 propagation of stromal cell-based medicinal products. Since 2014, HPL has been a focus of the Working Party for Cellular Therapies of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). Currently, as several Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing protocols exist, an international consensus defining the optimal modes of industrial production, product specification, pathogen safety, and release criteria of this ancillary material (AM) is needed. This opinion article by the ISBT Working Party summarizes the current knowledge on HPL production and proposes recommendations on manufacturing and quality management in line with current technological innovations and regulations of biological products and advanced therapy medicinal products.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Synthesis of Recoded Bacterial Genomes toward Bespoke Biocatalysis (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pablo I. Nikel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Ongoing efforts in synthetic biology aim at constructing (micro)organisms with (pre)defined properties. A recent breakthrough is the chemical synthesis of a recoded 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 genome by Fredens 〈em〉et al〈/em〉. (〈em〉Nature〈/em〉, 2019). Besides the conceptual and technological 〈em〉tour de force〈/em〉, the consequences of this unprecedented effort for whole-cell biocatalysis are multifold.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    A Makerspace for Life Support Systems in Space (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 11 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jessica E. Snyder, David Walsh, Peter A. Carr, Lynn J. Rothschild〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Human space exploration and settlement will require leaps forward in life support for environmental management and healthcare. Life support systems must efficiently use nonrenewable resources packed from Earth while increasingly relying on resources available locally in space. On-demand production of components and materials (e.g., 3D printing and synthetic biology) holds promise to satisfy the evolving set of supplies necessary to outfit human missions to space. We consider here life support systems for missions planned in the 2020s, and discuss how the maker and 'do-it-yourself' (DIY) biology communities can develop rapid, on-demand manufacturing techniques and platforms to address these needs. This Opinion invites the diverse maker community into building the next generation of flight hardware for near-term space exploration.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Will Following the Regulatory Script for GMOs Promote Public Acceptance of Gene-Edited Crops? (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rod A. Herman, Maria Fedorova, Nicholas P. Storer〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Risk-disproportionate regulation of gene-edited crops has been proposed to gain public acceptance for this breeding technique. However, confounding safety regulations with advocacy for an underlying technology risks weakening achievement of both objectives. Dedicated factual communication and education from trusted sources is likely to better support public acceptance of gene-edited crops.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Subscription and Copyright Information (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 8〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 8〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Optogenetics in the Era of Cerebral Organoids (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 18 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zahra Shiri, Susan Simorgh, Somayeh Naderi, Hossein Baharvand〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The human brain has been deemed the most complex organ and has captivated neuroscientists for decades. Most studies of this organ have relied on reductionist model systems. Although all model systems are essentially wrong, cerebral organoids so far represent the closest recapitulation of human brain development and disease both in terms of cell diversity and organization. The optogenetic technique can be used in this context to study the functional neuroanatomy of the brain, to examine the neural circuits, and to determine the etiology of neurological disorders. In this opinion article, we suggest ways in which optogenetics can be combined with cerebral organoids to allow unprecedented precision and accuracy in studying normal and aberrant neurodevelopmental processes and, as well, neurodegenerative diseases.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Antimicrobial Inks: The Anti-Infective Applications of Bioprinted Bacterial Polysaccharides (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ronan R. McCarthy, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Eujin Pei, Guang Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Bioprinting is a rapidly emerging technology with the potential to transform the biomedical sector. Here, we discuss how a range of bacterial polysaccharides with antibiofilm and antibacterial activity could be used to augment current bioink formulations to improve their biocompatibility and tackle the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Thermodynamic Activity-Based Solvent Design for Bioreactions (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 31 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anton Wangler, Christoph Held, Gabriele Sadowski〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉To improve the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, cosolvents are commonly added to reaction mixtures. The search for a good cosolvent is still empirical and experimentally based. We discuss a thermodynamic activity-based approach that improves biocatalytic processes by predicting cosolvent influences on Michaelis constants, ultimately reducing time and cost.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Designing Biobased Recyclable Polymers for Plastics (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rajni Hatti-Kaul, Lars J. Nilsson, Baozhong Zhang, Nicola Rehnberg, Stefan Lundmark〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Several concurrent developments are shaping the future of plastics. A transition to a sustainable plastics system requires not only a shift to fossil-free feedstock and energy to produce the carbon-neutral building blocks for polymers used in plastics, but also a rational design of the polymers with both desired material properties for functionality and features facilitating their recyclability. Biotechnology has an important role in producing polymer building blocks from renewable feedstocks, and also shows potential for recycling of polymers. Here, we present strategies for improving the performance and recyclability of the polymers, for enhancing degradability to monomers, and for improving chemical recyclability by designing polymers with different chemical functionalities.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    CRISPR/Cas Multiplexed Biosensing: A Challenge or an Insurmountable Obstacle? (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yi Li, Linyang Liu, Guozhen Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Performing multiplex detection is still an elusive goal for molecular diagnostics. CRISPR/Cas-based biosensing has demonstrated potential for multiplex detection. Instead of being an insurmountable obstacle, CRISPR/Cas multiplexed biosensing is a realistic challenge with some recent successful applications. Strategic considerations are required to fully explore its potential in multiplex diagnostics.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 7〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    New Frontiers for Biofabrication and Bioreactor Design in Microphysiological System Development (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jonathon Parrish, Khoon Lim, Boyang Zhang, Milica Radisic, Tim B.F. Woodfield〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have been proposed as an improved tool to recreate the complex biological features of the native niche with the goal of improving 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉–〈em〉in vivo〈/em〉 extrapolation. In just over a decade, MPS technologies have progressed from single-tissue chips to multitissue plates with integrated pumps for perfusion. Concurrently, techniques for biofabrication of complex 3D constructs for regenerative medicine and 3D 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 models have evolved into a diverse toolbox for micrometer-scale deposition of cells and cell-laden bioinks. However, as the complexity of biological models increases, experimental throughput is often compromised. This review discusses the existing disparity between MPS complexity and throughput, then examines an MPS-terminated biofabrication line to identify the hurdles and potential approaches to overcoming this disparity.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Plant–Bacterial Degradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in the Rhizosphere (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Olga Turkovskaya, Anna Muratova〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria and plant root exudate enzymes from contaminated rhizospheres suggest that pollutant rhizodegradation involves the joint work of bacteria and plants. Plant–microbial associations with coupled metabolic capabilities that completely degrade PAHs while avoiding the formation of dangerous intermediates are biotechnologically promising.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3096
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 97
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    Advances in Microfluidic Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) Models (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Arianna Oddo, Bo Peng, Ziqiu Tong, Yingkai Wei, Wing Yin Tong, Helmut Thissen, Nicolas Hans Voelcker〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Therapeutic options for neurological disorders currently remain limited. The intrinsic complexity of the brain architecture prevents potential therapeutics from reaching their cerebral target, thus limiting their efficacy. Recent advances in microfluidic technology and organ-on-chip systems have enabled the development of a new generation of 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 platforms that can recapitulate complex 〈em〉in vivo〈/em〉 microenvironments and physiological responses. In this context, microfluidic-based 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 models of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are of particular interest as they provide an innovative approach for conducting research related to the brain, including modeling of neurodegenerative diseases and high-throughput drug screening. Here, we present the most recent advances in BBB-on-chip devices and examine validation steps that will strengthen their future applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3096
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    An Industrial Perspective on Scale-Down Challenges Using Miniaturized Bioreactors (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tannaz Tajsoleiman, Lisa Mears, Ulrich Krühne, Krist V. Gernaey, Sjef Cornelissen〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Miniaturized stirred bioreactors (MSBRs) are gaining popularity as a cost-effective approach to scale-down experimentation. However, realizing conditions that reflect the large-scale process accurately can be challenging. This article highlights common challenges of using MSBRs for scale-down. The fundamental difference between oxygen mass transfer coefficient (〈em〉k〈sub〉L〈/sub〉a〈/em〉) and oxygen transfer rate scaling is addressed and the difficulty of achieving turbulent flow and industrially relevant tip speeds is described. More practical challenges of using MSBR systems for scale-down are also discussed, including the risk of vortex formation, changed volume dynamics, and wall growth. By highlighting these challenges, the article aims to create more awareness of these difficulties and to contribute to improved design of scale-down experiments.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
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    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 99
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    Systems Metabolic Engineering Strategies: Integrating Systems and Synthetic Biology with Metabolic Engineering (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kyeong Rok Choi, Woo Dae Jang, Dongsoo Yang, Jae Sung Cho, Dahyeon Park, Sang Yup Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metabolic engineering allows development of microbial strains efficiently producing chemicals and materials, but it requires much time, effort, and cost to make the strains industrially competitive. Systems metabolic engineering, which integrates tools and strategies of systems biology, synthetic biology, and evolutionary engineering with traditional metabolic engineering, has recently been used to facilitate development of high-performance strains. The past decade has witnessed this interdisciplinary strategy continuously being improved toward the development of industrially competitive overproducer strains. In this article, current trends in systems metabolic engineering including tools and strategies are reviewed, focusing on recent developments in selection of host strains, metabolic pathway reconstruction, tolerance enhancement, and metabolic flux optimization. Also, future challenges and prospects are discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vlada B. Urlacher, Marco Girhard〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cytochromes P450 (P450 or CYP) are heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen into nonactivated C–H bonds, often in a regio- and stereoselective manner. This ability, combined with a tremendous number of accepted substrates, makes P450s powerful biocatalysts. Sixty years after their discovery, P450 systems are recognized as essential bio-bricks in synthetic biology approaches to enable production of high-value complex molecules in recombinant hosts. Recent impressive results in protein engineering led to P450s with tailored properties that are even able to catalyze abiotic reactions. The introduction of P450s in artificial multi-enzymatic cascades reactions and chemo-enzymatic processes offers exciting future perspectives to access novel compounds that cannot be synthesized by nature or by chemical routes.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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